Secrets Vault - Jamestowne Society

VOL 44 NO 2 FALL 2020 MAGAZINE

Once Fledging Colony Manufacturing Takes On New Life

BLACKSMITHING RETURNS TO JAMES FORT

THE WORKFORCE THAT MADEJAMESTOWN PERMANENT

The Governor’s Land, A Part of the MainThe Governor’s Land, A Part of the Main

THE FIRST SETTLEMENTOUTSIDE JAMES FORT

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Raising New Structures on the Footprint of America

Jamestowne Society SponsorsJames Fort Barracks Rebuild

ISSN 2471-6022 (print)ISSN 2471-6030 (online)

7/22/20 3:23 PM

2 Jamestowne Society Magazine I Vol. 44, No. 2 Fall 2020

JS/Preservation

By Merry A. Outlaw, Senior CuratorJamestown Rediscovery Foundation

Artifacts recovered during excavationsof James Fort illustrate the resourcefulnessof the early Virginia settlers as they adaptedto life in an unfamiliar world. For example,archaeologists uncovered a breastplate thatwas folded to make a much-needed bucket,and another breastplate that was retrofittedto steady a firearm. Also, several swordblades were bent to make S-hooks forsuspending cooking pots over hearths.Remarkably, two of the most notablerepurposed artifacts were found in thesecond well in James Fort. Both Lord DeLa Warr’s halberd and an iron pike,accidentally lost around 1611/1612, werebent to form hooks to retrieve items that hadfallen into the well.

Excavations also demonstrate howquickly the early settlers evolved in thebuilding methods they employed, as theyadvanced from mud-and-stud constructionin 1607 to timber-frame building in 1610.Functions of buildings also changed, asshown in the excavation of Structure 183,the Metalworking Shop/Bakery. This 16’ by20’ mud-wall structure with a two-roomcellar stood parallel to and just 10’ from theeast palisade. As illustrated by copiousamounts of blacksmithing by-products, this

was the first activity to occur in the cellar.The lowest layers revealed iron scale, irondroplets, slag, and clinkers. Most of theevidence, including burned clay, a bellowsnozzle, and iron rods for nail making, wasfound on the working surface of one room,indicating this was where the actualblacksmithing occurred. John Smithproclaimed that in 1607 Jamestown’s “bestcommodity was Yron which we made intolittle chisels.” Structure 183 is the exactlocation where they were made!

Abandoned as a blacksmith shop by thetime of Lord De La Warr’s arrival in June1610, the building was repurposed for use asa bakery. As written in 1611 to De La Warr,“(a)nd as ill-prepared food has beenharmful to their health, each man having toprepare his own and being kept thereby fromneedful work, the writer requests that theymay eat at common tables by companies,after the fashion of the old world, and thatthere accordingly be common bakers andcooks to provide the food.” Two largedouble ovens for baking bread and meat pieswere dug into the wall of the structure, andit was here that bakers worked to guaranteethe survival of the colony.

By 1617, Structure 183 fell into disuse,perhaps because of construction related tothe nearby Governor’s residence.Abandoned, it rapidly filled with trash of all

material types, from ceramics and glass, tometals and organic artifacts. Numerousmilitary-related items were recovered fromthe trash layers, including fragments ofarmor, broken sword blades, and gun parts.The visor of a close burgonet helmet wasdiscovered, perhaps because it wasdiscarded by a colonist as he adapted toVirginia’s harsh climate or to non-traditional warfare. The most remarkable ofall the trash layer finds were 15 iron swordhilts. They were uncovered in 2007, duringPresident George W. Bush’s visit for the400th anniversary of the settlement ofJamestown. This large assemblage ofdiscarded basket- and swept-hilts is proofof their uselessness on the Virginia frontier,and it forms an impressive component ofJamestown Rediscovery’s archaeologicalcollection.

Clockwise left to right: Assemblage of sword hits from Structure 183, visorremoved from a close burgonet helmet, a bucket made from a breastplate.

Questions about this artifact or others in thecollection at the Archaearium?

Contact Merry Outlaw [email protected]

References: William M. Kelso, Jamestown: TheTruth Revealed (Charlottesville and London:University of Virginia Press, 2017)

David Givens, William M. Kelso, et. al., 2007-2010Interim Report on the Preservation VirginiaExcavations at Jamestown, Virginia, ©Preservation Virginia and the ColonialWill iamsburg Foundation, accessed athttps://historicjamestowne.org/wpcontent/uploads/2007_2010report_high.pdf

Secrets Vaultfrom the

Photo Courtesy Jamestown Rediscovery Foundation


Photo Courtesy Janene Johnson

Jamestowne Society Magazine I Vol. 44, No. 2 Fall 2020 3

Table of Contents

features

About the cover:Archaeologists and volunteerscome together at the James Fort toraise a new blacksmith shopcovering the first of its kind hereand introduce visitors to the art ofmaking iron tools, recreating somethat have been found buried withthe past.

IMAGE COURTESYBONNIE HOFMEYER

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COMPANY NEWS IN THIS ISSUEFirst California ................................22First Georgia....................................23First Illinois.....................................23First Maryland.................................23First Mississippi ..............................22First North Carolina ........................22First South Carolina ........................23First Texas.......................................23Gulf Coast .......................................23Lone Star.........................................22New York.........................................22Northern California.........................22Tennessee Valley.............................23Wilderness Road..............................23

Jamestowne SocietyP. O. Box 6845

Richmond, VA 23230

Susan McCrobie, Magazine Editorat [email protected]

and [email protected]

Deadlines: December 15 and June 15

Please note: When sending digital files or pictures, always include the nameof your company in the file name and in the e-mail subject line.

20 One of the Greatest Assets is a Well Versed GenealogistFamily stone walls belong outside thefamily tree and this professionalgenealogist offers advise on how tomake the connections in your lineage.BY BONNIE HOFMEYER

6 Jamestown Society Sponsors Barrack Rebuild at James FortThis symbolic exhibit, built to scale onits original site, serves to share the storyof one of the earliest Ango-Americanbuildings found in North America.BY DR. WILLIAM M. KELSO, CBE, FSA

A series of stains in the soil left from decayed, woodenstructural posts, with accompanying excavation work,determined the size, construction, dale and use of thisbuilding at the fort described in historical records.

No E-mail? You can always submit via the postal service at

12 Forging America’s Place In Colonial Manufacturing TradeMetal working was important to thecolony. The Jamestown smith tested ironores and forged iron works, Iron, minedas early as 1609 was am early trade.BY WILLIE BALDERSON

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In 2006, at the north end of the James Fort, the site of thefirst blacksmith shop was located with accompanyingfragments of iron. On this footprint, a new structure has beenraised for visitor interpretation of past history.

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18 The First English Domestic Settlement Outside the Fort

Individual land ownership, blockhousesto guard against Indian raids and site formany of the first Virginia Assemblieshistory lies quietly beneath the surface.BY ALAIN C. OUTLAW

8 Colonial Work Force Adaptedto Make Jamestown Viable

Soldiers, indentured servants, womenand imported enslaved Africans cometogether under English rule definingcolony social system and workforce.BY JAMES H. MCCALL

Image Courtesy Jamestown Rediscovery StaffImage Courtesy Jamestown Rediscovery Foundation

16 17th Century Cultural Aspects Define Community SpaceEvidence of multicultural labor forcein lifeways of dwelings present detailson race-based class system inVirginia’s earliest communities.BY BOB CHARTRAND

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JS/Governance

OfficersGovernor: Thomas Bouldin Leitch, Greensboro, NC

Lt. Governor: Richard Holmes Knight, Jr., Nashville, TNSecretary of State: Nancy Redman Hill, Alexandria, VA

Secretary of the Treasury: John Shelton, MD, Roanoke, VAAttorney-General: Carter B. S. Furr, Norfolk, VA

Auditor-General: Pamela Henry Pate, Chapel Hill, NCRegistrar: Jane Cralle Congdon, Fort Lauderdale, FL

Historian: James H. McCall, Solana Beach, CAChaplain: Rev. James Wilbur Browder, III, Courtland VA

* * *Past Governors

Joseph Holleman Barlow Dr. Anne Shelton Tyler NetickMichael David Frost W. Harrison Schroder, EsquireCarter Braham Snow Furr, Esquire Edward Barry Wright, Jr.DeEtte DuPree Nesbitt Jerry William ZillionRev. Dr. Roy Abbott Martin, Jr.

Governor Emerita: DeEtte DuPree Nesbitt, Houston, TXTreasurer Emeritus: Harrison Ruffin Tyler, Charles City, VA

CouncilorsTerms Expire 2020

Jerry MacLean Crumly, Pensacola, FLJohn Bond Gilliam, III, Nags Head, NC

Virginia Moorman Gotlieb, Sherman Oaks, CANancy Redman Hill, Alexandria, VA

Terms Expire 2021John Moseley Southall Bowles, Richmond, VA

Frances Harrington Davis, Poquoson, VAGeorge Lee Parson, Esquire, Atlanta, GALowry Rush Watkins, Jr., Louisville, KY

Terms Expire 2022Linda Whitlow Knight, Esq., Nashville, TNPatricia Porter Kryder, Esq., Nashville, TN

David H. Mathews, Richmond, VASharon Rennard Sowders, Roswell, GA

Executive DirectorBonnie Hofmeyer

GenealogistLyndon Hobbs Hart, III


Jamestowne Society 2019 - 2020 Officers and Council Members

We have been limited in our ability to congregateand enjoy fellowship, but it has not, and will notdampen our spirts. Jamestowne Society’s Council hadits first virtual meeting on June 6th that was bothproductive and reassuring. We came together to seeopportunities and take purposeful action. Weapproved a new procedure manual, a project that hasbeen over a year in development. Council approvedHistorian James McCall’s proposal to update ourhistory. Jim will coordinate with the ExecutiveCommittee to work out the details. Council alsoapproved a mission and vision statement, bringing ourstated purpose in line with the activities of JamestoweSociety today. I believe there has never been a time inour history when focus on our mission has been moreimportant. This statement is an important expression of who we are as a Societyand I hope you feel likewise as you read it.

Mission-To unite descendants of Jamestown settlers prior to 1700, support

archaeological excavations at Jamestown, provide educational programmingand publications, conserve official documents from the colonial period, andpromote the significance of Historic Jamestowne in the founding and shapingof our nation.

Vision-The Jamestowne Society seeks to inform our members and the public of the

significance of the establishment of the First Permanent English Settlement inthe New World on May 14, 1607. This early settlement forged the beginnings ofour country’s democracy. The Jamestowne Society promotes the relevance ofthese early beginnings and connects them to the present day by:

• Continuing to research Jamestown Settlers and record genealogical lines.• Fostering the research and historiography of the lives, contributions, events,

and accomplishments of Jamestowne settlers.• Supporting education of the history of Jamestown and its people.• Supporting the Jamestown Rediscovery Foundation in its archaeological

research at Jamestown Island to more fully and accurately tell the story ofthe First Permanent English Settlement in the New World and how itcontributed towards establishing our nation.

• Identifying and preserving colonial documents.• Funding a graduate or doctoral level scholarship focusing on the history or

culture of Virginia prior to 1700. •Publishing a magazine and using other forms of media to inform and

educate its members about Jamestowne and the Society.• Promoting an annual giving campaign to fund projects focusing on the

historical, educational, and archaeological importance of Jamestown• Conducting meetings at the National and Company level to provide

programs on the importance and relevance of Jamestown.

A sincere thank you to all who have generously given of their time insupport of our mission and vision. Thanks also for your financial support. Wecould not do what we do without you.

- Thomas B. Leitch, GovernorJamestowne Society

LEGAL NOTICEThe Members will vote on proposed

amendments to the Society’s Bylaws at thenext Membership Meeting.

The Council has adopted a resolutionapproving the proposed amendments andrecommending that the Members adoptthem at the next Membership Meeting.

A copy of the proposed amendments willbe available for review on the JamestowneSociety website at least 15 days before theMeeting.

Please check the website and review thedocument when it is posted. Go to “AboutUs” and then “Mission.”

Jamestowne SocietyMembers Please TakeNote of the Following:

There are no registrationforms for the November

2020 Annual MembershipMeeting included in this

magazine issue due toCOVID-19.

Please refer to theJamestowne Society

website for updates onmeeting details and

reservations.

JS/Governance


Jamestowne Society 2019 - 2020 Committee MembersAudit Committee

Pamela Henry Pate-Chair

Annual Giving CommitteeRichard Holmes Knight, Jr.-Chair

Building & Grounds CommitteeS. Marshall Orr-Chair

Bylaws CommitteeLinda Whitlow Knight-Chair

Communications CommitteeSusan Evans McCrobie-Chair

Fellowship CommitteeCarla Whitehurst Odom-Chair

Finance CommitteeDavid H. Mathews-Chair

Hospitality CommitteeLinda Knight Wilson-Chair

Investment CommitteeThomas B. Leitch-Chair

Membership CommitteeCarolyn Kendrick Farmer-Chair

Regional Company Coordinators CommitteePamela Henry Pate-Chair

Restoration of Records CommitteeGary Murdock Williams-Chair

Society Shoppe CommitteeConstance Brooks Paradiso-Chair

Special Events CommitteeGeorge Parson-Chair

Technology CommitteeDonald W. Moore-Chair

Executive CommitteeThe Executive Committee consists of the Elected Officers, the immediate Past Governor,

and the following 3, appointed by the Governor:Linda Whitlow Knight, David H. Mathews & Susan McCrobie.

When Stephen Foster composedOld Folks at Home (Swanee River) in1851, did he have us in mind? Maybe,maybe not. Most of us are not “old” byany stretch of the imagination, but justabout all of us are at home waiting outthe pandemic.

There is a silver lining. Duringthe quiet time, we have been given timeto read, a skill we acquired when ourparents read to us and our teacherstaught us the three “R”s.

At the top of my reading list is theJamestowne Society Magazine. I have

a stack of them next to the recliner, and I am taking the time toread them all over again.

What a valuable membership benefit! Twice a year, theMagazine lands in our mailbox. We look inside, and what do wefind? Original research, genealogy, history, archaeology, art,document restoration, new books, current events, photos, calendars,new members, company news, and merchandise. Importantly, theMagazine keeps us apprised of our charitable and educationalactivities. I know of no lineal or heritage organization with a betterpublication. The Magazine is a treasure!

The Jamestowne Society Magazine is brought to us by a teamof volunteers. Look for their names, and when you have thechance, let them know how much we appreciate their efforts. Bestwishes to all of you

- Richard Holmes Knight, Jr., Lieutenant GovernorJamestowne Society

In 2018 the Jamestowne Society wastwo years into funding the archaeologicaldigs inside and around the MemorialChurch. As both the Society and JamestownRediscovery were planning for the 400thanniversary of the First General Assembly, tobe held in 2019, an idea was born.Jamestown Rediscovery wanted to publish abook that detailed their findings. Thisarchaeological dig was significant to 2019 asit was excavating beneath the floor of theMemorial Church which served as the actualfoundation of democracy for our nation.

The Society agreed to pay thepublishing costs of Church & State, theArchaeology of the Foundations ofDemocracy. This book chronicles the search for the 1617 Churchfoundation and a prominent knight. Both were instrumental in the six-day meeting during the summer of 1619. This book shows among otherfinds, the casting of the replica bell and reconstruction of the belfry.Separate projects both funded by the Society.

This much anticipated pictorial book takes you on a journey to thepast using modern technology and original written records. Joinarchaeologists as they search for the identity of the knight, stripped of hisname plate well over a century ago. Learn how genealogy and DNA areworking together in the search for a direct all female line descendant.

Each of our 51 companies were given two copies of Church &State to donate to a library, school, or historical organization. We werethe very first to receive this book! The Jamestowne Society is committed toproviding educational programing and publications on James Fort. Thisensures that our members and the public can continue to learn about therelevance of Jamestown.

Many exciting and new discoveries are taking place at James Fortand the Jamestowne Society plays a critical role in these events. Withgenerous support from our members and companies we continue toensure that our ancestor’s stories are told.

Church & State is now available for purchase and we are excitedto offer it on our merchandise page of our website.

- Bonnie Hofmeyer, Executive DirectorJamestowne Society

NEW ANCESTOR ADDEDTO THE LIST OF QUALIFYING

JAMESTOWNE SOCIETY ANCESTORS

A9739 Sawier/Sawyer, Thomas [b. 1601 England, d. Aft. Feb1653 Norfolk Co., Resident of the 1624 Muster]

Your Registrar is thrilled to report to youour “Status Unknown” list of several hundredmembers whose contact had been lost to theSociety through unregistered address changes,name changes or deaths, is now at zero. Someof those members had been “lost” to us forover thirty years!

As always, all members and companyofficers are strongly encouraged to report allmember status changes to the JamestowneSociety office right away including ALLaddress changes and any deaths among yourCompany members.

Thank you! Please keep up the good workas we strive to keep our membership records up to date.

- Jane Cralle Congdon, RegistrarJamestowne Society


JS/Archaeology Explored

By Dr. William M. Kelso, CBE, FSAEmeritus Director ofArchaeology & ResearchJamestown Rediscovery Foundation

During the past twenty–five years,Jamestown Rediscovery archaeologists haveliterally uncovered the foundation(s) ofEnglish America. Clear signs of the 1607Jamestown fortification walls and imprintsof military buildings, long-thought lost toJames River shoreline erosion, were foundon dry land. These discoveries revealed howthe original 104 first settlers quickly builtstrongholds and shelters from nativematerials easily acquired at hand: trees forthe Fort walls, wooden posts for the mainsupport of buildings, clay for walls andmarsh grass for roofs.

One of the more obvious archaeologicalremains of the Fort buildings was uncoveredin 1996 near the southeast corner of the Fortenclosure. There twenty-six alignedpostholes were found, likely thearchaeological remnants of an earlybarracks-sized structure built to house agood number of the first all-male settlers.Together the postholes formed a 55’ x 18’rectangle and evidence of a room division, acellar and a timber chimney were foundwithin it. As the 400th anniversary of thefounding of Jamestown was not far on thehorizon, the archaeologists felt that a partialbarracks reconstruction should be built tointerpret our discovery for the anticipatedhundreds of thousands of Quadra-centennialJamestown visitors. So in the fall of 2006,based on the melding of archaeologicaldetails and documentary research, a barracksframe was rebuilt in the Fort precisely wherewe had found it.

RAISING NEW STRUCTURES ON THE FOOTPRINT OF AMERICA

Images of the former barracks framereconstructed (2006), a building thatoriginally housed the earliest, all-malepopulation at James Fort is currentlybeing rebuilt to interpret the history of thesettlement.

James Fort Barracks RebuildJamestowne Society Sponsors

Photos Courtesy Jamestown Rediscovery Foundation


JS/Archaeology ExploredSigns in the dirt where the major

building support posts had rotted in place(post molds) indicated that they wereinsubstantial (one as small as 3”) and thevarying depth of the molds suggested to usthat this building was almost as lightlysupported as a ‘house of cards.” In fact,Captain John Smith wrote: the first churchwas “a homely thing like a barn, set uponcratchets, [with earth walls]; …”the best ofour houses [are] of the like curiosity” Hemust have meant cratchets were likecrutches, the top wall plates merely restingon upright posts made from trees that wereselected because they had branches thatwould form natural V-shaped support joints.Thus no time-consuming intricate carpentrywas needed to join the wall plate “pole” tothe wall posts. Then ceiling beams could betied to the wall plates which together couldsupport roof rafters.

But still the signs of the slight wallposts suggested that such a house wouldhardly be capable of supporting a heavythatched roof. Then it dawned on us that ifthe walls were made of thick clay earth, asSmith seemed to indicate, then when the“mud” walls dried the actual strength of thepost framework would be of littleconsequence. The question then became;“what would hold the mud onto the wallsuntil it did set up?”

The answer came from ourarchitectural research in Lincolnshire,England where a “mud and stud” buildingtradition had been used to constructbuildings for centuries. This was also thehome county of William Laxton, the onlyfirst settler trained as a carpenter. Welearned that the construction of suchbuildings does begin with a framework ofslight timbers either seated in the ground orbased on stone pads. Between the uprights,crosspieces are added to the upright frames,and vertical slats or studs are nailed to thecrosspieces. The resulting interior skeleton-like frame gives support to the wet mudwalls until they can dry enough to stand ontheir own. Some walls are as thick as a footor more and hundreds still stand throughoutLincolnshire. We felt that should one ofthese buildings be torn down or left tocollapse, it would leave an archaeologicalfoot print that in many respects, wouldmatch the James Fort barracks.

The earth-walled cellar and anirregular pit were found at the eastern endof the barracks. Luckily on the cellar floorwe found an artifact that established thedate for the building’s use, a single tiny clay

tobacco pipe bowl with a teardrop-shapedheel. We know that the oldest pipes hadthose characteristics probably owing to thescarcity and price of tobacco whenEuropeans first began using it. Our pipebowl dated to the period 1590-1610 whichestablished a very early seventeenth centurydate for use of the cellar, and probably forthe construction and occupation date of thebarracks itself.

The pit was found to have experienceda number of earth-removing and fillingepisodes after the eastern end of thestructure was no longer standing. Any pit orirregular hole in the ground presentsinterpretation problems for archaeologists.Why did people dig these holes: to get dirtto fill something else in; to quarry clay forother uses, such as brickmaking orpreparing mud and stud walls; or perhaps to

CLOCKWISE LEFT TO RIGHT:Black and white barrackdesign illustration withcen t ra l i zed ch imney.Archaeologist unearthtwenty-size postholes of thebuilding’s simple footprint atJames Fort. “Mud and studconstruction” with thatch roofh o u s i n g f o u n d i nLincolnshire, England.

Photo Courtesy Jamestown Rediscovery FoundationClay tobacco pipe bowl. with teardrop-shaped heel. found on the floor of the barrackcellar dates the contruction and occupation of this early James Fort structure.



JS/Archaeology Explored

serve no higher calling than becoming alowly trash dump? The purpose of thebarracks pit seemed to be almost all of theabove until it was eventually filled withgarbage and trash. More precisely datedearly 17th century artifacts were found inthe refuse including three coins ranging indate from 1590 to 1602, casting counters orjettons (small copper coin-like discs used in

mathematical calculations) dating as earlyas 1580, Elizabethan lead tokens from the1570s, military arms and armor of the latesixteenth to early seventeenth centuryincluding an intact helmet.

Our reconstruction was finished intime for Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II towalk through it in 2007. Without its mudwalls and thatched roof, our first

experimental barracks only lasted for 14years. But soon, thanks to the generoussupport of the Jamestowne Society, futureJamestowne visitors will see a moresubstantial barracks frame, a symbolicexhibit interpreting one of the earliestAnglo-American buildings yet found inNorth America.

These items can be purchased by mail for the Jamestowne Society Business Office.The order form is available at the Jamestowne.org website.

LEFT TO RIGHT: Elizabethan lead token and helmet among the manyartifacts found in the eastern end of the barracks. Her Majesty QueenElizabeth II inspects the framework in America at the early Englishsettlement with Dr. William M. Kelso.


This newly released Jamestowne Society lapel pin and ornament commemoratesthe Rebuilding of the Barracks at the James Fort

In 1607, the men landing on the banks of the James River to establishan English Colony in America build a simple 55’ x 18’ stud and mud structure

for shelter from the elements; a footprint has stood the testof time across four centuries of growth.

Even a national emergency, a shelter in place pandemic, has not dampenedthe commitment of the Jamestowne Society members as we,

like our ancestors, become barrack builders.Celebrate your patriotism for our great country while honoring your ancestor’scontributions to making a home in the new world with a Jamestowne SocietyBarracks lapel pin or ornament to commemorate this momentous occasion.

BARRACKS BUILDERS...

® LEFT: Signage placed on site tocommemorate the partnership of theJamestowne Society with JamestownRediscovery’s rebuilding of TheBarracks at James Fort to becompleted during 2020.



JS/Building America

Achieving Jamestown’s permanence as England’s firstsettlement in the New World required back-breaking labor andexacted a tragic human toll. The workforce that bore thoseunfortunate costs grew from the first struggling settlers into the tensof thousands over eight decades. It was instigated by the dynamicagricultural labor needs of a new tobacco economy and Englishdomestic pressures and policies that provoked emigration. The storyof how that permanence was achieved begins with the early colonistswho first cleared the land and continued with the burgeoningworkforce that helped bring Jamestown to sustainability.

John Rolfe’s success in blending tobacco’s Bermudan orCaribbean varieties with the native one and his promotional visit toLondon with Pocahontas in 1616 and 1617 triggered the demand forVirginia tobacco. The Virginia Company’s 1618 reforms helpedplanters respond to the growing market. These reforms included therule of law and protection of private property, which brought legalstability, and land grants as material incentives for underwritingEnglish emigration. They stimulated planters to expand their landholdings to cultivate more tobacco. The implementation of free tradealso helped them to seek wider market opportunities beyondEngland. This sudden growth required an ever-increasing number ofstrong backs and youthful energies. However, procuring the neededlabor was not easy.

England was simultaneously dealing with 17th centuryeconomic chaos, as it was suffering from a series of unprecedentedemployment crises from 1590 to 1650. The problems initially arosefrom extraordinary population growth from three million in 1500 tofive million in 1650. Changing agricultural practices and new landenclosures also destroyed the livelihoods of many farmworkers.Returning soldiers without practicable civilian skills could not findwork. Unemployment was exacerbated by widespread poverty,disease and the many homeless and orphans. The widespreaddesperation and increased crime rates, especially in urban centers,led English policy makers to see Virginia as an outlet for “surplus”population, and “…also saw the forced migration to Virginia of thepoorest members of society…in terms of [their] redemption.” 1

From the colony’s outset, voluntarily bound migrants had comeas Company employees to serve for up to seven years; some wererewarded with land, but at a price. Of the over 7,300 who settledJamestown from 1607 to 1624, only about 1,200 had survived in1625. The high mortality rate resulted from an inability to acclimate,Indian attacks, disease, famine and overwork, which would continue,though decreasingly, for decades.

From 1618 until the 1680s, indentured servitude was the formof labor most often chosen by planters and played a key role in thecolonial economy. As customarily practiced, the indentured servantwas usually contracted to four to seven years (as opposed to one inEngland), given passage to Virginia, provided with necessaryessentials and support and promised “freedom dues,” which oftenwere to include land. However, only about half of all indenturedservants survived to complete the terms of their contracts. Many ofthose that did live found their contract terms unilaterally extendedand altered by planters, were not provided for or found their“freedom dues” inadequate to seek a new life. Some indenturedservants reported they had to endure “slave-like conditions.”

The first indentured servants and groups of women came to thecolony in 1619 and 1620. The Virginia Company sent about 150reputable and marriageable women to help male settlers establishfamilies, aiming toward colonial stability and perpetuity. Most maleservants, meanwhile, were being brought by investors and planters inreturn for land grants, known as “headrights.” Others responded tothe Company’s promotional efforts in hopes of getting a new startfrom a grim existence in England. They were part of a wave of about3,600, who were meant to help launch a new Company vision of a“common weal” that “… was to grasp the opportunity to create anEnglish society in America that reflected and improved on that in themother country.” 2

During the colony’s initial decades, servants were often grantedland upon completing their contracts, but by 1660, much of the bestacreage had been claimed by the large land owners. Many formerservants were pushed out towards Virginia’s new frontiers, whereland was less arable and vulnerable to persistent threats fromIndians. Nevertheless, they continued to come, either pursuing hopesor fleeing England’s economic problems. Most had lived in thehomeland’s stratified and hierarchical society with limited rights, inwhich dependency on their “betters” was an accepted way of life thatwas easily transformed into a willingness to serve, as they would, inVirginia.

These laborers also experienced a colonial work culture thatdiffered fundamentally from that in England. Jamestown’s smaller,decentralized work units were unlike familiar agricultural service.The treatment of servants among planters ranged widely, fromhumanely to brutally. Servitude in Virginia’s tobacco fields wasmuch more arduous than that in England; almost like slavery,according to many historians, and with longer service terms andharsher punishments. Unlike bondage in England, planters could

THE WORKFORCE THAT MADEJAMESTOWN PERMANENT

By James H. McCall, Jamestowne Society Historian


JS/Building Americaalso freely assign servants’ contracts among themselves without theirconsent. The colonial work ethic also differed and, all too often,working harder for longer hours in an inhospitable climate was thepath to an early grave.

Servitude in whatever form in Virginia in 1619 was ambiguousat best. The “20.and odd” Africans that were landed that year arrivedas slaves, but their status once in the colony was unclear, as “no suchcondition of lifetime servitude was recognized in English or Virginialaw at that time.” 3 They were initially bound by leading settlers tolabor and service and most remained unnamed, as slaves would be.While our “peculiar institution” of slavery did not then exist atJamestown, their usage and treatment by the planters was similar. Ashistorian James Horn notes, “The conditions of [those]Africans…was undoubtedly slavery.” 4 A few completed extendedindentures to eventually achieve freedom and the capacity to acquireland and property. Several died, and the rest found themselvesindefinitely bound.

The 1620s and 30s saw a major white immigration wave thatenlarged the workforce. Horn also recounted, “…about three-quarters of all English settlers arrived in Virginia as indenturedservants…[who] (not enslaved Africans) would comprise the mainsource of labor in the tobacco fields during the entire [seventeenth]century.”’5 Historian Martha McCartney estimated that 75,000whites arrived in Virginia and Maryland between 1630 and 1680, asmore tobacco was exported to growing markets. Planters especiallysought young male workers; six times as many men as womenbecame indentured servants in the 1630s.6

Horn also reported that, “In the 1630s and 1640s, whiteimmigration averaged about 8,000-9,000 per decade, [and] surged to16,000-20,000 per decade from 1650 to 1680, before falling back to13,000-14,000 in the 1680s and 1690s,” and “Natural populationgrowth was retarded by the considerable sexual imbalance thatexisted throughout the century.” 7 The number of Africans in Virginiadid not grow in those early decades. Disease and death haddiminished them from 32 in 1619 to 25 by 1625. More arrivedsporadically between 1625 and 1632, including an unnumberedgroup brought by an English privateer in 1628. By 1640, there were140 to 150 Africans out of a total population of 8,000.

The continuing demand for labor exceeded the supply, andplanters began probing enslaved Africans importation as a possiblesource. Their status, though, was still unclear and would need moreregulating. 1640 would also see the opening steps toward theirsubjugation, as slavery first became a legal issue. The followingdecade saw more slavery debates. The Virginia Assembly slowlybegan enacting policies and laws that legally fated almost allAfricans and African Americans in the colony to a permanentunderclass and involuntary servitude. However, the competition forbound Africans from English Caribbean colonies remained intenseand the colony’s planters were unable to obtain them. The 1650estimates of Africans thus comprised two to four percent of thecolony’s total fast-growing population.

In the late 1640s, increased anxiety caused by the English CivilWars between Parliament and Charles I, plus the demand for cheaplabor and apparent land opportunity, stimulated voluntaryemigration, which reduced the need for forced labor. Yet, as the warsraged, followed by Parliament’s ascent and Oliver Cromwell’s rulethrough the mid-1650s, there was continuing coerced transport ofpaupers, homeless, and orphans. The 1650s also saw the introductionof the large-scale plantation system of agriculture in Virginia,employing larger numbers of unskilled workers and further swelling

the workforce. Still, relatively few Africans were being imported,but the adoption of the new system also heralded a major structuralchange in the workforce together with a transition in the source oflabor from the 1650s into the 1670s.

Relationships between the two races may have been relativelytranquil between 1619 and 1660. Historian Philip Morgan notes that,“Free blacks seem to have formed a larger share of the total blackpopulation in the seventeenth century than any other time duringslavery. By the 1660s, in some Eastern Shore counties, perhaps asixth of the black population was free.” 8 It was also then thatominous racially-based attitudes, constraints and suppressionbecame apparent.

In 1661, with the reappointment of Governor William Berkeley,the colony saw the advent of institutionalized, racially-based chattelslavery. Charles II’s 1663 imperial initiative fostering the slave tradewould also result in more bound Africans being deployed amongplantations that had depended on indentured English. It was also thestart of marked changes between and among the races that reflectedmuch less humanity and tolerance. There was a new proclivity toarbitrarily relegate the poor and Africans to the lowest positions insociety. Horn notes that, “Social position was defined and thepreeminence of the elite confirmed,” and “worsening economicconditions after 1660 [gave] evidence of serious social conditionsand hardening of class lines.” 9

In 1665 and 1666, London suffered two calamities that reducedthe English emigration flow and would alter the makeup ofVirginia’s workforce. The first was a major outbreak of the bubonicplague and the second was the city’s devastation by the Great Fire,which, between them, reduced the city’s population by up to a fifth.

Prospective emigrants seeking work found opportunitiesrebuilding London instead of going to Virginia. With fewer laborersfrom England, Virginia’s planters more rapidly began to recognizethe slave trade as an attractive alternative labor source. The numbersof imported Africans would grow from the “20.and odd” that hadarrived enslaved in 1619 to become increasingly significant after the1660s. The proliferating number of freed and unbound indenturedservants in Virginia itself was also affecting the composition of theworkforce. These men, frustrated with the lack of locally availableand arable land, were returning to England or relocating with theirfamilies elsewhere in the English North American colonies. This wasbeginning to drain the white English labor pool, which haddominated the workforce since its inception. Planters were furthercompelled to look to importing Africans to fill the need. In addition,more and more planters would begin to see, after Bacon’s Rebellionin 1676, that the fixed terms and assertive rights of indenturedservants were a liability that African slaves did not have.

Between 1667 and 1672, the Assembly more quickly andregularly defined a Virginian’s status by skin color and furtherenacted similar laws in 1680, 1682, and 1686. The slave trade wasenhanced from 1672 to 1697 by the new slave trading monopoly ofJames II’s Royal African Company. For a short time, it became themain supplier of slaves to the New World. By 1680, the whitepopulation of Virginia was 60,000, plus about 4,000 slaves. Duringthe following decade, the number of slaves tripled to 12,000 and“half the bound workforce was enslaved by the beginning of theeighteenth century.” 10

1699 marked eighty years since the first indentured servantsand recorded Africans formed the workforce that helped makeJamestown viable. A major influx of African and emergent African-American slaves was beginning to take root. Jamestown was


JS/Building Americaabandoned as Virginia’s capital, introducing to the colony animperial character and aristocratic culture that would fosterrepressive and racially focused laws and expanded slavery.

By 1700, Virginia’s white population had reached 85,000. Theywere what remained of the century’s 120,000 mostly Englishimmigrants. Black slaves also accounted for about 13,000, many ofwhom had been imported in the prior decade. The total death tollduring the century among servants and slaves is unknown, but oneguess is at about 20,000, or about half of all migrants who had diedover that period. Most were untimely victims and the evidence of thehuman cost of Virginia’s colonization and servitude. They alsorepresented a tragic segment of the workforce that had helped makeJamestown become the first permanent English settlement that itcame to be.

The unpaid labor of that workforce made it possible for bothJamestown and Virginia to grow and take their places in history, and,at the price of extremely high mortality, realize their sustainability.The story of the workforce was also the one of America’s first boomtown and that culminated in an established economy and community.

1Ewen, Misha:”Poore Soules,” Migration, Labor, and Visions forCommonwealth in Virginia in Musselwhite, Paul, Mancall, Peter, andHorn, James (editors); Virginia 1619; Slavery and Freedom in theMaking of America (Williamsburg, VA and Chapel Hill, Omohundro

Institute of Early American History and Culture and University ofNorth Carolina Press, 2019)

2Horn, James P. P.: Leaving England: The Social Background of IndenturedServants in the Seventeenth Century; (Jamestown Interpretive Essays,Virtual Jamestown, Virginia Center for Digital History, University ofVirginia at http://www.virtualjamestown.org/essays/horn_essay.html)

3Parent, Jr., Anthony S.: in Heinemann, Ronald L., Kolp, John G., Parent,Anthony S. and Shade, William G.: Old Dominion, NewCommonwealth: A History of Virginia, 1607-2007; (Charlottesville andLondon, University of Virginia Press, 2007)

4Horn: 1619; Jamestown and the Forging of American Democracy; (NewYork, Basic Books, 2018)

5Horn.: Leaving England6McCartney, Martha W.: A Study of the Africans and African Americans on

Jamestown Island and at Green Spring, 1619-1803 (Williamsburg,Colonial Williamsburg Foundation – prepared for the Colonial NationalHistorical Park, National Park Service U.S. Department of the InteriorCooperative Agreement CA-4000-2-1017; 2003)

7Horn: Adapting to a New World: English Society in the Seventeenth-CenturyChesapeake. (Chapel Hill and London, published for the OmohundroInstitute of Early American History and Culture, Williamsburg,Virginia, by the University of North Carolina Press, 1995)

8Morgan, Philip: Virginia Slavery in Atlantic Context, 1550 to 1650; inVirginia 1619

9Horn: Leaving England10Horn: Leaving England

PUBLICATION MADE POSSIBLE BY THE JAMESTOWNE SOCIETYJamestown Rediscovery is proudto announce the arrival of theirnew book Church & State, asummary of the excavations in theMemorial Chruch and Tower. Thebook recounts the three years ofexcavations conducted in searchof the 1617 Church, whereVirginia’s first General Assemblymeeting was held in 1619, and theuncovering of several skeletonswithin the church, including onemysterious high-status indivudual.It provides the reader with aninside perspective on the forensicpursuits of the archaeologist asthey apply history, science, andarchaeology to understand one ofour Nation’s most poignantlocations.

$2400Limited Number Available from theJamestowne Society ShoppeORDER YOURS TODAY... Shipping & Handling Included


JS/Historic Trade Initiative

Story By Willie Balderson, Director of Living History andHistoric Trades Jamestown Rediscovery FoundationPhotos Courtsey Jamestown Rediscovery Staff

In 2006 the Jamestown archaeologists excavated a 16 foot by 20foot rectangular “feature” in the north-east corner of the 1607 fort. Asthey excavated down, tens of thousands of artifacts were recovered inthe fill that included objects commonly recovered from a 1607-24context - ceramic shards, coins, and tobacco pipe fragments.Interestingly, these fill layers also contained a significant collectionof military-related finds including firearms and firearmaccouterments, edged weaponry, pike heads, parts of armor, sixteensword hilts and parts of a rare “close helmet.” And there were somesurprises such as a Roman oil lamp, a mother of pearl fish and asmall fragment of linen cloth. But as the excavation proceed, itappeared from the features and occupation levels that the cellar hadgone through several phases of use.

When the archaeologists reached the cellar’s floor, they notedlayers of spent charcoal, ash and bits of iron “hammer scale”, whichis the waste that flies off of iron after it has been heated and has beenstruck with a hammer. But they had also found two brick-lined breadovens in the side of the east clay wall. As the sorting and alignmentof various post-holes and post molds continued, it became apparentthat the cellar’s use for metal-working predated what appeared to bea bake-shop. And given the fact that the context of the artifacts datedto the earliest part of the settlement, this was the site of the earliestdocumentable blacksmith shop in English North America. In 1607John Smith reported that, “Our best commodity was iron which wemade into little chisels.” This would have been the exact spot wherethese items were being manufactured in the fledging colony.

Within months of this exciting discovery, staff interest began togrow as to how blacksmithing might return to James Fort. LocalWilliamsburg blacksmiths Shel Browder and Steve Mankowski hadcome out a few times to interpret their trade and had been invited toassist the conservators on a few occasions with the identification of“U.F.O.s” – Unidentified Ferrous Objects.” But beginning in 2010the invitations for them to interpret became more frequent. And theirpresence on the site created enough interest to enable the securing offunding to have them set up inside the “footprint” of the originalblacksmith shop once or twice a month. Working under a large

canvas awning, Steve and Shel demonstrated 17th-centuryblacksmithing technology, replicating items that had been recoveredfrom the site.

By late 2017 Jamestown Rediscovery decided that we wouldseek funding to support a small “historic trades” program with the“anchor” being the site of the first metal working shop in BritishNorth America. And we would need a shelter where tools could besecured, something a bit more permanent than a canvas lean-to. Amajor concern, however, was just how to construct an interpretivestructure on the site while protecting the archaeology below. DaveGivens, Director of Archaeology, kindly prepared a plan for anabove-ground structure that would follow basic English “latemedieval” construction methods and still safeguard the four-hundred-year-old cellar. It was at this point that Danny Whitten, alocal timber frame carpenter (and Jamestown Rediscovery labvolunteer), was asked if he would be interested in helping with theconstruction. He was enthusiastic about joining our efforts. Davemet with Shel, Steve and Danny and went over his plan for theconstruction, offering three-dimensional drawings.

The better part of 2018 was spent in both finding sponsors tohelp cover the costs of purchasing timber and getting it delivered tothe island. Cedar was selected for the project in that it is fairly rotand insect resistant and is mentioned with some frequency in theearly narratives. Once the logs were delivered, the slow process ofremoving bark began. This is an important step because it is behindthe bark that wood boring insects make their homes. If the bark isleft on, it can lead to the rapid decay of the wood.

In January of 2019, Shel, Steve, and Danny began the buildingprocess using centuries-old construction techniques. First, theyfinished stripping the bark from a few remaining logs using axes,hatchets, and drawknives. Next, they measured and hand-cut eachlog to length and cut mortises and tenons into the appropriatecomponents.

Lastly, each piece was dry-fitted and built in sections on theground before the final assembly. The culmination of their effortswas realized on Thursday April 5, 2019 with the official raising ofthe structure. Visitors to Historic Jamestown that day had theprivilege to witness various parts of the construction from start tofinish - with some even participating in the final frame raising!

By the end of April 2019, a temporary canvas roof was in place

ONCE FLEDGING COLONY MANUAFACTURINGTAKES ON NEW LIFE IN THE 21ST CENTURY

BacksmithingReturns toJames Fort



and the blacksmith shop was functional. Steve and Shel enjoyed thesatisfaction of having a period-correct building “frame” around them.And then there were the “bragging rights”- being able to say theywere practicing their trade in the footprint of the original shop. Butfurther work on the shop was slow through the rest of 2019 due toour focus on the 1619 Commemorative events and the fact that strongdonor funding had enabled us to schedule the blacksmiths an averageof 5 days a week in public programming. Along with MarshallScheetz, a local cooper (bucket and barrel maker), our small“Historic Trades Initiative” was gaining momentum!

In January of this year, a goal was set to have a proper roof“superstructure” up by “Jamestown Day” 2020 – scheduled forSaturday May 9. Thanks to the generosity of The Jamestowne

Society’s own Executive Director Bonnie Hofmeyer, we wereallowed to harvest a number of small trees in January and Februaryon some of her families’ property in Charles City County, saving theproject both time and funding. Debarking the logs as each of severalloads were brought to the island further saved time and by the end ofFebruary, all the timber was ready for use as rafters. Our plan was tostart “setting the roof” in mid-March and have April to neaten up thecarpentry. Unfortunately, on Friday March 13, all efforts were haltedas the Coronavirus neared central Virginia. For the safety of all wehad to close our gates. Our plans – like so many others - had been puton hold. But even during this very trying time, Steve and Shel havecontinued to work safely from their own home shops, making anarray of items previously identified as necessary for the functioningof Jamestown’s blacksmith shop.

Steve has been working on making a variety of tools. Up untilthis spring, all the tools they have used at the site have been broughtfrom their shops at home and taken back in the evenings. Thus, alongwith getting a roof over their heads, making tools (and storage)dedicated for the Jamestown blacksmith shop has been a major goal.In the photo to the left, is Steve shaping one of a number of pairs of“tongs,” each used to pick up different dimensions of iron stock as itis removed from the forge to be worked and shaped.

Another tool we know was in use at the site was a “nailheader,” which is used in forming the “rose” shaped head onhandmade nails. Having found a broken one in the site’s fill, below isa picutre of the one Steve made, still with a slight red glow from hisforge!

Ground level dry fitting of logs for final assembly of the aboveground structure covering a four-hundred year old cellar at thefort for a ‘new’ blacksmith shop.

Raising the ‘bar’ of education. Public programming on earlyblacksmithing in the colony will be housed on the footprint ofthe original site.



Shel has also made sometools but one of his mainprojects has been building twotool chests. Along with thetools, most don’t know thatdaily they have to move the100-pound anvil from a lockedbuilding near the Archaeariumto the site - and back again atthe end of the day! We arereally looking forward to thetool chests at the shop site!Above and to the right arepictures of the first chestthrough the course of itsmanufacture. Shel has donethis work all by hand, usingvery few modern tools! Asyou would expect, it is copiedfrom a late 16th-centuryexample.

Finally, while practicingsafe “social distancing,” Steveand Shel have also beencollectively working on thebellows that will be used inthe shop. At this point, it’salmost ready for the leather!

The Coronavirus has - atthis writing on May 22, 2020 -forced us to continue our“pause” from JamestownIsland. We embrace this as buta tempoary impediment. As

we are anxious to continue the work on the shop, know that Shel andSteve have been focused on their project’s goal, albeit behind thescenes. But given that it has been just over 400 years since there wereblacksmiths working at the site of their shop, we are willing toconciede a few more months for safety. But when we finally do hearthe “all clear” signal, know that we are looking forward towelcoming you back to see our progress!.

Questions about Living History or HistoricTrades at the James Fort?

Contact Willie Balderson [email protected]


JS/Virtual Exploration

Stay Connected withJamestowne Society

on FacebookIf you currently have apresence on Facebook, theJamestowne Society would liketo cordially invite you to join itsnew members-only Facebookgroup, which aims to provideyou with timely updates onSociety related news, events,meetings, and announcements.In addition, group members willhave the opportunity to read,post, and share the latestarticles on Jamestown, earlyVirginia and colonial history, aswell as genealogical research.

To join Jamestowne SocietyFacebook Group, go to:

http://www.facebook.com/groups/jamestownesociety

or simply aim your mobilephone’s camera at theaccompanying QR code andyou should be prompted onscreen to go directly to thegroup. Please, join us!

When requesting access to thegroup please submit as muchof the requested information aspossible to facilitate our effortto ensure only JamestowneSociety members are strictlyapproved.

Miss ing you , , ,I s p end my t ime t h ink ing abou t y ou .

Photos by Chuck Dufor


JS/Fellowship Honoree

Bob Chartrand operates ground-penetrating radar (GPR) equipment. This geophysical method of analysizing what lies beneaththe surface is a key tool for noninvasive site investigations in the field of archaeology and Forensics.


Time, Space and Wavelengths

M E E T T H E 2 0 2 0M E E T T H E 2 0 2 0A L I C E M A S S E Y - N E S B I T TA L I C E M A S S E Y - N E S B I T TF E L L O W S H I P H O N O R E EF E L L O W S H I P H O N O R E E

M R . B O B C H A R T R A N DM R . B O B C H A R T R A N D

An investigation of Seventeenth-Century Virginia’sBound and Forced Labor-Class Communities at Yorktown


JS/Fellowship HonoreeBy Bob Chartrand, 2020 Jamestowne Society Fellowship WinnerM.S. Candidate, Anthropology, 2021William & Mary School of Arts & Sciences

By the 1640s, English colonial settlements strengthened theirintercolonial networks in direct response to the English Civil War.Virginia, like other Colonial settlements, was engrossed in theirdependency on intercolonial connections. Virginia was heavilydependent on English commodities and required a steady supply ofindentured laborers to keep their economy afloat. Either throughprevious trade networks or the forming of new ones, Virginiacolonists welcomed Dutch traders bringing supplies from Europe,the Caribbean, and South America. Since the founding ofJamestown, Dutch merchants frequented its shores to accumulatemercantile wealth for the Dutch core. Charles I viewed this illicittrade throughout the Chesapeake, English-Caribbean, and the laterInterregnum parliament government would initiate new Englandcolonies as not benefiting the “common good” of England and couldnot be adequately enforced through the number of English navalships at hand; Such a task tobuild the English navy. Underthe auspices of WilliamBerkeley’s colonialadministration, thisintercolonial trade networkbrought Europeancommodities to the Virginiaelites. It brought theintroduction of African andAfro-Caribbean enslaved-laborers to a frontierexchange system graduallytowards what would becomethe Chesapeake plantationsystem. The arrival ofAfricans before Berkley’sgovernment was notunfamiliar to Virginia as twoEnglish Privateersdisembarked a near 20 to 30on its coast in 1619. As Karenand Barbara Fields mention about early to mid-century African andAfro-Caribbean social landscapes, “African slaves during the yearsbetween 1619 and 1661 enjoyed rights that, in the nineteenthcentury, not even free black people could claim”. Sociopoliticalinstability caused by wars and raids from both the English andNative polities over the first forty years of English settlement wouldnot become stable until 1646, which created new opportunitiesbetween Anglo-Indian trade.

The Peace Treaty of 1646 ended the second Anglo-PowhatanWar fought between Berkley’s government and Powhatan leaders,further advancing Virginia’s colonial labor force. The outcome ofthis peace agreement benefited landless freemen as Powhatanpolities surrendered lands stretching the Tidewater Peninsula, northto the fall line, and south of the James River. The surroundingNative polities agreed to tributary status in return for protection fromenemy tribes; some native children were given as indenturedtributaries in the households of colonial officials to uphold the treaty.Trade between colonial Virginia and Powhatan territory wasreenacted but restricted in the form of licenses and badges. Thesocio-cultural landscape that would form around the 1646 treatyamongst African, Afro-Caribbean, Native American, and Europeanlaborers would be unique to colonial Virginia until the 1660s withthe introduction of systematic race-based laws.

My thesis explores the dynamic landscapes of Virginia’scolonial labor force between 1640 and 1710. My research will entailevaluating the dwelling spaces of two archaeological sites located inYorktown, Virginia. The first site is an archaeological dwelling

occupied from 1642 to 1660 byCaptain William Taylor. Thefollowing archaeological site’soccupation dates from 1650well into the 19th century. Thissite is associated with the slavecommunity at New Quarter,related to the Bacon/Burwellfamilies. My utilization of acomparative approach willaddress questions regardingthese two sites and begin toaddress the lifeways of adwelling unit belonging to amulticultural labor class before1661 with the passing of theHening 1809-1823: II laws,instituting the foundations ofrace-based slavery. Thisapproach will allow me toresearch two unansweredquestions regarding Virginia’s

seventeenth-century labor class. Can ground penetrating radaridentify cultural aspects of 17th-century living space, and how willthe findings contrast to other known archaeological sites inYorktown or the broader Virginia? I hope my research will identifyhow the lines of archaeological evidence, historical documentation,and geophysical techniques contribute to the collectiveunderstanding of the laboring communities living through theformation of Virginia’s early plantation system.

ALICE MASSEY-NESBITT FELLOWSHIP Each year the Jamestowne Society awards a $10,000 Fellowship to support completion of a graduate thesis oressay on the history and culture of Virginia before 1700. Carla Whitehurst Odom chairs the program.

Applicants may be candidates for graduate degrees in any relevant discipline such as History, AmericanStudies, Literature, Archaeology, Anthropology, Fine Arts, etceteras, if their research is devoted eitherexclusively or very substantially to Colonial Virginia prior to 1700. Fellowship application deadline is April 15,2021. For more information, please send an email to: [email protected].

Photo Courtesy Bob Chartrand

Chartrand at home in excavationsites, examining artifacts and otherphysical remains, in the study ofhuman history and prehistory.


JS/Jamestown and Beyond

This part of John Donne’s poem comes to mind when I think ofGovernor’s Land, the 3,000 acres immediately north of JamestownIsland, having spent the last 45 years episodically documenting thearchaeological resources of this important landscape. In a modernday transcription of Devotions Upon Emergent Occasions andSeuerall Steps in my Sicknes – Meditation XVII, 1624, Donne writes:

No man is an island entire of itself,Every man is a piece of the continent,

A part of the main.

It is this land, historically referred to as “The Main” ormainland, Englishmen ventured to as early as May 1607, just sixdays after landing at Jamestown. George Percy traveled northfollowing a trail, later known as the “Great Road,” through thisacreage to reach the Pasbehay Indian village at the juncture of theJames and Chickahominy rivers. He recalled “walking in the woodsby chance, we espied a pathway like to an Irish pace (pass)…theground all flowing over with fair flowers of sundry colors and kinds,

as though it had been in any garden or orchard in England.”A few years later, by order of Sir Thomas Dale, a blockhouse

was constructed on the mainland in 1611 to guard the cows that theIndians were taking as they would deer, for sustenance. From theNative American viewpoint, why not? In this classic clash ofcultures, what was domestication and what was land ownership?The footprint of this structure and associated earthwork consisting ofa ditch/berm/palisade enclosure was found near the currentJamestown Ferry landing, just over a mile from James Fort. In agrand scale, likely to have been constructed as much to make astatement about cultural boundaries on the land as to containbovines, it enclosed 2.51 acres, enough space to accommodate thedimensions of two triangular 1607 James Forts.

Later still, Samuel Argall, a controversial figure in the earlydays of the colony, established Argall Town off the island in 1617where he wrongly seated tenants on 300 acres that were soon tobecome part of Governor’s Land in 1618. The Virginia Company ofLondon instructed Governor George Yeardly to set aside 3,000 acresof land “in the best and most convenient place of the territory of

Governor’s Land lies across center of image, including and surrounding the green wheat field. Jamestown Island is at the bottom,center. View looking north.

No Man i s an Is land

Story by Alain C. OutlawCommissioner of Archaeology

Commonwealth of Virginia1979-1986

Photo Courtesy Alain C. Outlaw/Wheatland Foundation, Inc.


JS/Jamestown and BeyondJamestown in Virginia and next adjoining to the said town to bethe seat and land of the Governor of Virginia.” Tenants were towork the land and receive half of the profits of their labor withthe other half going to support the governor. The arrangement ofleases continued until 1784.

In the second half of the seventeenth century, Jamestownlandowners such as William Drummond, George Marable, andWilliam Sherwood also leased parcels on the mainland, along the“Great Road” leading to Governor William Berkeley’s plantationat Green Spring. As a leader in Bacon’s Rebellion of 1676,Drummond set his own island home ablaze. Late seventeenthcentury artifacts from his house cellar were recovered byJamestown Rediscovery and are on display in the Archaearium.

Important links between Jamestown and Governor’s Landcontinued in the eighteenth century, including the move of theJames City Parish Church to the mainland around 1750 forimproved accessibility to the local community. Moreover, wetfeet from travel across the increasingly flooded Jamestownisthmus had made for unhappy parishioners. It was at Church onthe Main that Rev. James Madison, cousin of the President andfirst bishop of the Protestant Episcopal Church of Virginia, wasthe last minister when he died in 1812. As well, he had beenPresident of the College of William and Mary and, interestingly,produced the first complete state map of Virginia in 1807. It isalso notable that the consequential but overlooked Battle ofGreen Spring took place on July 6, 1781 over the long-goneDrummond, Marable, and Sherwood dwelling sites. This landwas the scene of the last open ground land battle of theRevolutionary War in Virginia which unfolded in the fields andwoods between the Marquis de Lafayette and Lord Cornwallis.They were to meet again less than three months later at the siegeof Yorktown, just 16 miles away. Fortunately, this landscape ismuch as it was when the combatants were there to the extent thatthe participants would still recognize natural reference points,thanks to the good stewardship actions of James City Countyover the years.

On the Goveror’s Land lies the earliest-developed Englishthoroughfare in Virginia, the Great Road. The road led to GreenSpring, home of Governor Sir William Berkeley. A historicalmarker can be found identifying the route of this Virginiahighway.

Photo Courtesy Jamestown Society Magazine

Photos Courtesy Maryland Historical Society

Benjamin Henry Latrobe’s watercolor of Green Spring, then the James City Countyhome of William Ludwell Lee. Today, what lies beneath the Virginia landscape atGreen Spring, the first English settlement outside the James Fort, are two magnificent17th century mansions built by Sir William, an orangery, slave quarters, a potterymanufacturing site, an 18th century plantation house belonging to the Ludwell andLee families, and other features yet to be identified and studied.

Architectural images of Greenspringincludes measured drawings of thehouse. In 1796, Latrobe was retained byL e e t o s t u d y a n d m a k erecommendations for the repair of theGreenspring Mansion. It was the locationfor many of the first Virginia Assemblymeetings.


JS/Genealogist Reflections

An Interview with Lyn HartJamestowne Society member

and genealogist

Lyn with Dr. Bill Kelso (right) peruse historical records for individuals related to the James Fort story.

studied that when we went tovisit my grandmother. In time,I began pursuing collaterallines – especially through thefemale children and updatingthe information.

You revised that originalwork and republished itcorrect? For over thiry yearsthis was done on my own, butafter meeting Henry, weconsidered collaborating on arevision. Later I becameacquainted with a mored i s tan t re la t ion andJamestowne Society memberBrom Nichol who was alsoworking on a much enlargedand enhanced revision. Henry

let me have his papers relating to our work on the revision and Bromand I began to work together. He was good at contacting individualsand I preferred doing the research in records, so the collaborationwent well.

The final published work was highly professional in appearanceand included some illustrations. Since that time, Brom gave meelectronic copies of the original work and I have continued to updateand enlarge the work, though not for publication. The final versionwill be well over a thousand pages.

Editorial Note: Ridley of Southampton The Descendants ofNathaniel and Elizabeth Day Ridley of Southampton, then Isle ofWight County, Virginia, circa 1700-1992 was published in 1992.

Back to our interview...I know you have a few Jamestowne ancestors but do you haveone that you are drawn to more than the other? A few! Myoriginal ancestor was Edward Bennett and he has always intriguedme as a merchant and investor in property in Virginia. I have alsobeen very interested in the Woodhouse family, descendants of Henry,and a family that can be successfully traced back severalgenerations in England.Didn’t you help Fred Dorman with the 4th edition ofAdventurers of Purse and Person? Yes, I assisted Fred with hismammoth work on ADVENTURERS OF PURSE AND PERSON,4th ed., I gave him some genealogical findings and reading, as wellas supplying much of the work on the Francis Mason family.You worked at the Library of Virginia for many years. How didthat start? I had been going to the Virginia State Library [nowknown as The Library of Virginia] since I was in seventh grade. Iloved the collection and spent much time in the library portion.Later, I went to the Archives portion and over the years becamefamiliar with the holdings and multitude of records housed therein. Iused these materials for historical and genealogical research,personal and paid. For a period of several years I worked as theNorth American coordinator for Debrett’s Peerage (the Americanresearch branch). My familiarity with the collection and staff helpedme get a position at the library. I worked in a variety of positions forthe 35 years I was employed there, retiring as the Director of

yndon Hobbs Hart, IIIbecame a member of the Jamestowne Society whenhis grandmother, Nancy Ridley Pretlow Bozarth,

sponsored him for membership in 1971. Nancy served on theCouncil along with their cousin Henry W. Lewis. Their ancestorEdward Bennett was a stockholder in the Virginia Company ofLondon. In fact, he was the Virginia Company’s largest investor. Hewas even chosen to serve as auditor of the Virginia Company.Bennett traveled to Virginia after 1625 and lived at the settlement hefounded at Warresqueak, where he served as a Burgess in 1628.Bennett later returned to England where he died.

Lyn became our genealogist in October 1989 when he reviewedRobert Murphy Norris, III application (member 4040). Lyn has beenthe Society genealogist for over thirty years, and has approved 6,255new members. Governor Malcolm Squires approached Lyn whengenealogist, Joicey Lindsay, was ill and unable to keep up withincoming applications. Lyn was asked to temporally step in but itquickly became full-time for him.

* * *

Lyn you have been involved with the Jamestowne Society foralmost fifty years as a member. Do you have a favorite memoryfrom a Jamestowne Society meeting? Probably the most amusingmeeting for me was attending with my grandmother a meeting inWilliamsburg at The Lodge. My birthday fell very close to thismeeting, so I regularly attended the spring meeting with her. Theywere part of my birthday present for many years, even before I was amember. At our table was my grandmother’s 7th grade teacher andher daughter. A rather amazing coincidence, or so I thought, at thetime.How did you get interested in genealogy? My first real intereststarted when I looked through a genealogy on the Ridley familycompiled by a cousin and former Jamestowne Society CouncilorHenry W. Lewis. This was in the 1960s and I was always intriguedby this publication and never got tired of examining it. I always

LStory By Bonnie Hofmeyer Jamestowne Society Executive Director


JS/Genealogist ReflectionsArchives Description Services (for librarians, that is the archivalequivalent of technical services). The importance of records publicand private preservation, description, and access, has always beensomething I espoused and it was wonderful to be able to foster thesegoals in my professional capacity.

You have been the genealogist for the Jamestowne Society forover 30 years. How has research changed, or has it? Theavailability of records has been greatly enhanced with time. Morematerials are readily at hand and increase the potential for qualityresearch. Likewise, some records that had been missing and believedlost have resurfaced. On the other hand, professional research andrigorous standards though desirable, are becoming more difficult.The average person is not always savvy enough to appreciate thatbecause something is on the internet [this is the equivalent of: I readit in a book], that does not make it true. Documentation is the keyword and the sole determiner of validity. Unfortunately, quick resultsand “this is what I want, so make it happen”, have replacedthorough research and the truth in a lineage. Ready availability ofinformation is both a blessing and a curse. Education in correct andthorough methodology and less emphasis on analyzing what couldbe possible, is so important, but this task is becoming increasinglydifficult. Additionally, DNA is another source of information and israpidly evolving. It is important, but is no better than the paperrecords that document it. This latter is not always understood and isa real source of misinformation as well as aggravation.

How do you begin the process of researching your ancestors?When doing genealogical research, asking questions is always agood idea. Once you have compiled oral traditions, start byverifying everything. It is always best to start with yourself andwork backwards. Locate all the documentation that you can fromofficial records, be it birth, marriage, death certificates, censusrecords, church records, court records, tax records, wills and deeds.Other records such as tombstones and Bible records are also useful,but they should be contemporary with the event. A modern tombstonefor someone who died in 1700 is not considered a real source.Likewise, your grandparent’s Bible with information on the 1600s isnot likely a reliable source. The more official the record, the bettersource it is generally.

What tips can you suggest to amateur genealogists who arehelping an applicant join, or working on their ownsupplemental? Printed genealogies can be wonderful sources ofinformation. When you find something, check for the sourcecitations. Footnotes or endnotes citing an original official record aregreat. The more specific the better - you can then obtain copieswhich can be added to your files as verification. Lack of completecitations should be treated as something that you need to prove. Useof words such as “undoubtedly, probably, and possibly,” are all redflags that should be considered suspect.

Try to find your lineage working from what you know [and havedocumented] back by generation. Do not decide from whom youwish to descend and start working on that - it will prove timeconsuming and may not result in the information that you want. Alsopreconceived notions may color your ability to subjectively look atthe information that you find.

Beware of geographic moves and discrepancies - our ancestorscould be very mobile, but there were general geographic migratory

patterns. If what you find does not conform to this, then you willneed to make certain that you can prove the moves. Similarity ofname does not constitute proof. Bequests, especially of real property[land], can be useful in tracing both genealogical connections andmigrations.

Likewise make sure that dates work. Sixty year old fathers arepossible, but additional confirmation should be sought. Sixty yearold mothers are not possible, so there is a problem that needs to beinvestigated.

Be willing to accept what you find and can document. It maynot be what you were hoping to find, but accuracy and fact are reallymuch more important.

* * *

Lyn’s wife Judy, and children Nick and Caroline are allmembers of the Jamestowne Society

GOVERNOR’S PRAISE HART’S SERVICE

Lyn’s knowledge and experience has been invaluable inhelping Jamestowne Society attact new members. Hiswillingness to work with Bonnie and help her learn theprocess to use resources available to help qualify newapplicants has been very beneficial.

-Tom LeitchLyn Hart is an indispensible asset to the work and growth ofour society. In my time as governor, we saw a substantialincrease in membership applications and Lyn always took thetime to review carefully each application, even helping someapplicants with proofs. The untold hours of work Lyn puts inspeaks well of his commitment to our society, to his characteras an honest and giving human being, and to his work ethic.Thank you, Lyn, for all you do for the Jamestowne Society!

-Roy Mart in“Experience is a hard teacher becasue she gives the test first,the lesson afterward.”

-Vernon LawI have known Lyn Hart since 1997. Lyn has a great deal ofexperience; his efforts on behalf of all of those who havejoined the Jamestowne Society were well received. He hasalways been fair-minded, professional, and courteous. Hisskill in the genealogy field is unparalled and is a true blessingfor our membership. I consider it an honor to have a friendlike Lyn and wish him the best for the future.

-Jerry William ZillionI have known Lyn Hart and have worked with him for most ofmy 25+ years with the Society, especially when I wasGovernor and he always expeditiously reviewed thenumerous applications for membership approving or askingfor more proofs. I recall the huge flood of applications at thetime of the Jamestown 400th anniversary in 2007 when morethan one thousand members and guests attended ceremonieson the Island. I know Lyn was overwhelmed to process themall (the most ever received up to that time), but he soldieredon to do so with his usual aplomb.

-Carter B. S. Furr

EDITOR’S NOTE: 2007 is still the highest year forapplications with 391 new members approved, not to includesupplementals or those applications that went on hold foradditional documentation later received after the close of theyear. 2019 brought 341 new members. Anniversaries seem toattract great interest in membership.


JS/Company NewsLONE STAR COMPANY - On March 7th, thirty-eightmembers of the Lone Star Company and six guests gatheredat the Lakewood Country Club in Dallas to enjoy a lovely anddelicious luncheon. Everyone was then treated to a wonderfulpresentation by speaker Gina Bennett titled, “Early ModernWomen Travelers: Unchasted or Commonplace?” After a questionand answer session, the presentation was followed by abusiness meeting, appreciation of the past board membersand the induction of nine new board members for years 2020-2022.N ORT H ERN CALI FORN I A COM PAN Y - TheNorthern California Company gathered in a joint meeting withthe Anne Bradstreet Chapter, Colonial Dames of the XVIICentury on September 24 with eight of our members inattendance. We greeted new members Marilyn Gilmer andCarolyn Witt. Those in attendance enjoyed hearing fromColonial Dames Sally Ingraham about her experiences with aspy in Hawaii during World War II. Before adjournment, thecompany indicated support for future archeological work onJamestown Island.

On Saturday April 4, the Northern California Company metvia conference call with 14 members in attendance. Anominating committee was elected and the Fall meeting wasscheduled for Saturday, September 26. Members agreed thatthe Revolutionary War to Qualifying Ancestor project hasproven beneficial for membership.FI RST M I SSI SSI PPI COM PAN Y - The FirstMississippi Company’s Spring meeting was held in June at theCountry Club of Jackson where Governor Ford welcomedmembers and guests before lunch. Lt. Governor Ruth Maxwellintroduced the speaker, Past FMC Governor Dr. Shirley M.Godsey, whose topic was “Dale’s Code: Jamestowne 1611-1619.” Dr. Godsey’s power point presentation illustrated howGovernor Sir Thomas Dale expanded the Martial Lawsdesigned for soldiers into the Laws Divine, Moral, and Martialand applied them to settlers and sailors. Denying the rightsgranted to all Englishmen by the Common Law, Dale’s Codemeted out punishments for violations of harsh laws thatincluded whippings, the stocks, starvation, and even death.Assigned tasks and attendance of religious services twice aday was mandated for all, including children. A Memorial Service for Charles Gillies of Ocean Springs wasconducted by Chaplain Rev. Jan Goff before the BusinessMeeting began. Governor Ford presented the CompanyScholarship to FMC member and college freshman LaurenParmer. Officers’ reports included Secretary Vaughan Koga’sMinutes, Treasurer Richard Bradley’s financial report,Genealogist Suzie Walters’ list of new members that bring thecompany membership to 110, and Historian Dr. Michael Davis’dissemination of yearbook updates and thanks to memberswho participated in the Company’s new Personal BiographyProject. Former Governor Sharron Baird introduced andexplained new bylaws, which the Assembly approved. FMCofficers announced the names of those who will serve on newcommittees. Past Governor Ann Simmons installed two newFMC Councilors: Betina Cooper and Dr. John Godsey.Seventeen FMC members were thanked for donating to theSociety’s Barracks Builders’ Fund before Governor Fordadjourned the meeting.FIRST CALIFORNIA COMPANY - A Winter Meetingwas held February 29, 2020, at Brookside County Club inPasadena, next to the famous Rose Bowl. There were 44attendees with 7 prospective members in attendance at theluncheon. Three new members: Carole Curran, Donna Riegel,and Deborah Wood were welcomed by Governor JuliePlemmons.

The guest speaker was Robert “Roy” Ritchie, PhD, SeniorResearch Associate, at the Huntington Library. Dr. Ritchie wasthe previous Director of Research at the Huntington Library for19 years. Previously, he was a professor of American History

at University of California at San Diego as well as anAssociate Chancellor. He is a renown scholar of earlyAmerican History. His topic was “Tobacco, Slaves, and Wives:The Growth of Jamestown.”

The founding of Jamestown was done without royal funding.Private investors were the source of funding. The advent oftobacco became the salvation of the new colony. The tobaccowas a blend of the Virginia plant with one from the Caribbean.The blend was a huge hit in London. The plantation laborerswere to be the overpopulation of the cities in the form ofindentured servants. The arrival of the White Lion andTreasurer brought the arrival of enslaved Africans toJamestown, which dramatically changed plantation farming. Itmorphed into slavery to be the free labor the plantation ownersneeded to make a profit with the tobacco crop. Lastly, 400years ago, the colony directors saw the need to make thecolony more stable. The Tobacco Brides were to make thefarmers want to establish homes and families in theJamestown area. About 150 brides were sent to stabilize thecolony, but after 10 years half were dead from childbirth,Indian attacks, and starvation.

Everyone enjoyed Dr. Ritchie’s presentation and learnedmore about the events 400 years ago. The establishment ofthe General Assembly was the first legislative body to governJamestown and the roots of our current form of governmentwas established.NEW YORK COMPANY - As has been the case with theJamestowne Society, the New York Company has had tocurtail its in-person gatherings because of COVID-19. Wewere required to postpone a planned meeting on April 25 tovisit the DeWint House in Tappan, NY and expect toreschedule that meeting as soon as the State of New York willpermit us to do so and the DeWint House is open. Thesituation has been particularly acute for the New YorkCompany because we were “Ground Zero” for the pandemic.We extend our sympathies for all who lost a loved one and forall of those of us whose activities have been severely limited.

Members of the Council participated in a video conference inMay.

We have otherwise been very active. In late May, we had avideo conference of our Council to plan our initiatives as theCOVID-related restrictions are eased. It was reported in thevideo conference that in the past 18 months we have morethan doubled our Company membership from 24 to 53members, with broadened geographical representation outsidethe immediate New York metropolitan area. The greater useand acceptance of video conferencing capability will help us toincrease the participation and involvement of those memberswho live farther away from our meeting locations or areotherwise unable to attend. We plan to have more than the re-quired two meetings per year, and plan to vary the locationsand types of meetings to appeal to the needs and interests ofour members. Among the meetings contemplated will be astructured book talk to discuss an assigned book that we willhave recently read.

We encourage all members of the Society to visit our newwebsi te, inaugurated in December 2019, athttps://www.newyorkjamestowne.org to stay current with ouractivities.FIRST NORTH CAROLINA COMPANY - The FirstNC Company of the Jamestowne Society was unfortunatelyunable to have the annual June Company meeting in Raleighat the NC State Club due to COVID -19. The speaker for theJune meeting was to have been David Givens, head ofArcheology at Jamestown Rediscovery. The companyhopefully plans on having Dr. Givens to speak at theDecember 5, 2020 meeting. Company officers and councilwere able to meet on Feb. 6, 2020. The company is remainingactive with our newsletter and plans for the future for currentand new members.


JS/Company NewsFIRST MARYLAND COMPANY - Speakers at FirstMaryland Company’s last two meetings have providedmembers and guests with interesting insights into early eventsthat affected Jamestown and helped shape our country.

Our May 2019 luncheon meeting was held on Kent Island,Maryland, with 18 members and guests present. Kent Island,originally part of the Virginia Colony, was explored, named,and settled by William Claiborne, Jamestown’s first surveyor.

The president of the Kent Island Historical Society spokeabout Claiborne’s settlement, and the King’s subsequentdecision to grant the new colony of Maryland land that hadbeen part of Virginia, including Kent Island. Claiborne’s angerwith this decision led to the first naval war in America—between him and Maryland Colony! During the discussion welearned that to this day there are “Claiborne Men” on Kentisland, proud to be descended from the Jamestowne settlerswho came there with William.

Our October 2019 annual business meeting included apresentation by a history professor from the University ofMaryland. Her talk, based on research for a book she iswriting, was on the historical significance of the British Empireand ways that empire influenced the introduction and growth ofslavery in the American colonies. It was a perspective the 15members and guests present had not heard before, andwhetted our interest in reading her book when it is published.

The “lockdown” restrictions resulting from the pandemicforced us to cancel our Spring 2020 meeting after 26 membersand guests had signed up. In addition to a great lunch, wewere looking forward to a presentation on “Early Virginia andPirates” by a professor from Mount St. Mary’s College. Heteaches a history course on this subject.

We are hopeful that meeting restrictions will be lifted byOctober, and that we will be able to hear his presentation afterlunch following our 2020 annual business meeting.FIRST GEORGIA COMPANY - Sadly, the First GeorgiaCompany had to cancel its June meeting at Ansley Golf Clubdue to covid19 and concern for our members. Cumulative donations totaling more than $10,500 have beengiven through the First Georgia Company to the JamestowneSociety, which places the Company in the “House ofBurgesses” Level of Giving. We were saddened to learn of the death of longtime member,Marguerite Fogleman. Eight new members have joined theFirst Georgia Company since our November 2019 meeting,bringing our total membership to 174.FIRST TEXAS COMPANY - For all of us, 2020promised a lot of excitement for First Texas Companymembers, but it hasn’t been the excitement that we hadexpected. After a successful meeting in November, the new2019-2021 Company administration was informed thatJamestowne Society Governor Tom Leitch wished to visit us inHouston for our Spring business meeting (in May) and weimmediately began to coordinate and organize for the bigevent. What a thrill it was to plan for a visit from the head ofour National Society! Then, COVID-19 put all of our plans onpause and we had to cancel our meeting out of an abundanceof caution for everyone’s safety. Luckily, our Governor hadenough flexibility in his schedule to allow us a second attemptat hosting him in the Fall.

The First Texas Company will meet in September at TheHouston Club in downtown Houston, and we are extending aninvitation to all companies across Texas to join us for ourmeeting and luncheon with Governor Leitch.

In the meantime, many of our members have beenvolunteering in the community by sewing masks; donating tolocal food banks; and, checking in on members that wehaven’t seen in a while. We continue to invite new membersof the National Society who live in the greater Southeast Texasarea to join the First Texas Company.

FIRST SOUTH CAROLINA COMPANY - Twenty-four members of the First South Carolina Company gatheredat the Seabrook Island Club on March 14, and were rewardedwith fellowship, food and a fantastic program -- we realizedthat we were one of the very few events going on anywherethat day, and so far we are all well.

Our guest speaker was South Carolina native journalist andauthor Kathryn Smith, an expert on FDR and several other20th century personalities (www.kathrynsmithwords.com).

Our fall program will be held on November 14 in Columbia --details will be sent to members and guests closer to that time.FIRST ILLINOIS COMPANY - In early March, when astatewide lock-in was inconceivable, the First Illinois Companymet in Oakbrook Terrace. We are a small company, spreadover a huge geographic area. For this meeting, we sharedlunch and a program with the Sons and Daughters of Pilgrims,whose membership roster overlaps with ours considerably.Company Governor Ann Wilkerson presented a talk onTenacious Women of Jamestown, including Pocahontas, Jane,and Angela.GULF COAST COMPANY - The March meeting of GulfCoast Company was held June 6, 2020 at Tampa Yacht andCountry Club. We came with our masks and social distancing.We came despite China concerns, the pandemic, protests,and tropiclal Storm Cristobal. We introduced new memberSuzy Marchamer and prospective member Jennifer Gerken.We recognized the boys of Bedford, VA who stormed theNormany beaches 76 years ago and never came home. Weprayed for our country. A special guest, Thomas Jefferson(John M. Stewart) attended. He told us how a little boy fromrural Virginia grew up to give us the Declaration ofIndependence. A good time was had by all and we trust thatour fall metting will not be such an adventure.WILDERNESS ROAD COMPANY - Due to COVID-19,the May 2020 joint meeting of Jamestowne SocietyWilderness Road Company, Kentucky Society ContinentalSociety Daughters of Indian Wars and Kentucky BranchHuguenot Society Founders of Manakin in the Colony ofVirginia was cancelled. In lieu of the regular in-personassembly, the Wilderness Road Company took advantage ofInternet technology to continue their work and educationalinitiatives while members were safe at home.

Life emergencies have only slightly slowed down progresson ther shores of the James River since prayers of safe arrivalin 1607 were heard. We come from some hardy stock thatexemplifies the meaning of perserverance in time of great trialand tribulation. The Wilderness Road Company invites allmembers of the Jamestowne Society to take time to learn andenjoy the Youtube presentation used for our virtual meetingtitled Reconstructing Landscapes Part 1: The JamestownChurch Exhibit.

We look forward to the joys of assembling as a group oncemore in the fall.TENNESSEE VALLEY COMPANY - The TennesseeValley Company’s May meeting was postponed until late July.The Company’s Fall meeting is still slated for early November.In the meantime, the Company has expressed interest in thereconstruction of the Barracks on Jamestown Island, and isplanning on making a donation to Annual Giving in support ofthat outstanding project. We are in contact with quite a fewprospective members. We promise to have more news thenext time!

DON’T FORGET TO CHECKTHE JAMESTOWNE SOCIETY WEBSITE

FOR ADDITIONAL COMPANY NEWS

F OU N D ER Giving Level of $50,000+

Michael Frost DeEtte DuPree Nesbitt

SPEA K ER OF T H E H OU SE Giving Level of $25,000 -$49,999

Alabama Company First Mississippi Company Harrison Ruffin Tyler

H OU SE OF B U R GESSES Giving Level of $10,000 - $24,999

Beverly Ann Bailey Chinnis* Spencer Earl Harper, Jr.* Nancy Durflinger LukasFirst Georgia Company Dr. David McClure Humphrey Samuel Marshall Orr, III

First North Carolina Company Evan Griffin Jonas Lowry Rush Watkins, Jr.First Texas Company Rebecca Hatchell Kusserow

AN CI EN T PL A N T ER Giving Level of $5,000 - $9,999

Glenda Trogdon Allen First Louisiana Company Roanoke-New River Valley CompanyBarbara Haynes Branscum First South Carolina Company San Antonio Company

Sandra Harris Carney James Citty Company Sandra Hendrick Staley Central North Carolina Company Kentucky Company Virginia Piedmont CompanySamuel Alexander Cothran, Jr. Lone Star Company Washington & Northern Virginia Company

Alberta M. Dennstedt Trust* Elizabeth Randolph Johnson McDaniel*First California Company Michigan Company

ST OCK H OLDER Giving Level $2,500 - $4,999

Ronald Ernest Burkhart Constance Haynsworth Grund Sharol Stroud PemberCaptain John Clay Company Robert Needham Hendry* Lenore Boss Quandt

Ann Harrison Darst Mary Louise Bagby Hopkins South Florida CompanyCarolyn Plummer Drennen Dr. William M. Kelso Tennessee Valley Company

All & Joye Duke Linda W. & Richard H. Knight, Jr. West Texas CompanyAnne Farley Little Rock Company Cranston Williams, Jr.

Thomas Curpen Fey Margaret Ann Clarke Moring* Robert Grover WindsorLinda Bibb Betts Frazier* Oklahoma Company David King Woodroof*

Carter Branham Snow Furr Ellen Leonard Omohundro Jerry William Zillion

GU I L D M EM B ER Giving Level of $1,000 - $2,499

Elizabeth Ann Wilson Atkinson Gail Ruth Gremse Susan Noel Godman RagerLucia Hadley Bailey Margaret Barnhart Gunn Alvin P. Reynolds, Jr.*

Joseph Hilleman Barlow Roger Hagans, Jr. Edwin David RobertsonUrsula Beverley Baxley Jane Greene Hamlin Dr. M. G. “Pat” Robertson

Joyce McGehee Bockemuehl Lyndon Hobbs Hart, III William Thomas Rutledge, Jr.Teresa Ann Barre Boice Ruth Keeling Hemmingway Grace Hurst Sanders

Frances Jefferson Bowman Robert Edmond Hill Alison Browning SandsBrockenbrough Family Trust Kimberly “Sunny” Lynn Hillard Stephen Vincent Scoper

Thomas Jordan Brockenbrough Bonnie Hofmeyer & Roger Sizemore Rev. Donald H. SeelySally Jones Brodie Carl Travis Holtzclaw Janice Harris Shanks

James Wilbur Browder, III Thomas Alan Hord John Shelton, MDJames Cabot Marian Martin Hosch M. David Sherrill

Susan Knight Cabot Charles Tracy Jefferson Nancy McGuire ShurtleffCape Canaveral Company Martha Hartman Johnson Mary Jane Parr SimpsonSandra Sims Carrington Kansas-Missouri Company Betsy Ann Graves Smith

Central Missouri Company Kentucky Trace Company Carol Davis SnowMark A. Christian Sherrilyn Woodward Kenyon Paul Schott Stevens

Allison Hedgepeth Clock Chiswell Dabney Langhorne, Jr.* Christine B. Sundie Guy Maurice Cloud, Jr. Nancy Lee Lecky-Chascsa Susan Constant CompanyJane Crallé Congdon Thomas Bouldin Leitch Tennessee Company

Garland Edgar Conley, Jr. Douglas G. Lindsey Laura Ann Clark ThompsonJames Bryan Cook, Jr.* J. Phillip London Vanguard Charitable

Donald Glen Cooper Charles H. McCoy, Jr. Kathryn Cottrill VecellioRebecca Darlington Lynn Dalian Moore McCreery Helen Harris Vincent

Dolores Harrison Dodge Janet Fuller McElroy Enid Noland Warner

JS/Giving


James t owne Soc i e t yRol l o f Honor

The Roll of Honor includes Jamestowne Sociey donors. Levels of giving are cumulative.Cumulative donations include deposits made between January 1, 1998 and June 30, 2020.

The Roll of Honor will be amended to reflect revised giving levels. *Deceased.®

JS/Giving

Jamestowne Society Magazine I Vol. 44, No.2 Fall 2020 25

Fidelity Charitable Jenelle Green Moore Minor Tompkins WeisigerFirst Colorado Company Patricia Gann Mortimer Rebecca Malone West

First Illinois Company MSB Cockayne Fund Lisa Slifer WichtermanFirst Indiana Company NC State University Club, Inc. Gary Murdock Williams

First Nevada-Arizona Company North Florida Company Richard Claggett Williams, III USN Ret.Florida Gulf Coast Company Northern California Company Toni Kay Lowe Wirth

James Henry Grace George Lee Parson Cheyanne Britt ZinkGreat Northwest Company Virginia Waldrop Powell

EA R L Y SET T L ER Giving Level of $500 - $999

Richard Line Abbott Carolyn Douglass Fortier Michigan Chapter, Daughters ofMargaret McDaniel Acker The Galloway School Founders and Patriots

Randal Thomas Allen Linda Eastin Giffen Bonnie Bridger MittelmaierEdgar M. Baber Marilyn Harvey Gilmer Mary Anne Stokes Moore

Bailey Family Foundation Golden State Company Rebecca Pollard MyersJohn H. Baker, Jr. Elizabeth Ann Goode, Ph.D. Carla Whitehurst Odom

Zandra Erwin Baker Dean Hopkins Goossen Margaret Crenshaw Jones O’GradyMary Roumayah Baring Virginia Moorman Gotlieb Mable Brogdon PaceJames Manuel Bayne Kathryn Dean Greenwood Pamela Henry Pate

Sidney Sale Bland Cecil Stanford Harrell Florence A. PowellJohn Garland Pollard Boatwright, USN William N. Harrison Elizabeth Bilisoly Quelch

Robert “Buck” D. Bradley Norman & Dottie Hofmeyer Brenda Stewart ReederJohn Robert Bradshaw Charles Rapley Hooff, III Gaynelle Walker Richardson

James Albert Bridger, Jr. Beverly Brown Howell Myron Frazier RichardsonMartha Wren Briggs Charla Ann Houston-Collins Carol Cobb Rochford

James Gill Brockenbrough Michael Steven Jeffreys Charles Baskerville Saunders, Jr.James Marshall Buck, II Eli Carl Johnson Kathleen Green SchultzRobin Barnes Campbell Martha Stephens Johnson Peter Joseph W. Sherwin

Bruce Thomas Carter Miles Cary Johnston, Jr. Brooke Blackburn Smith, Jr.Community Foundation Wayne Lawson Joy Billy Gene Sorrells

Bruce Elliott Covill Katherine Bransford Knight Sharon Rennard SowdersChristy Cheuvront Crigler R. Bruce Warden Laubach Nancy Barker SquireJ. B. & Valerie Crowther Amy Pittman Lawson Priscilla Louise Sundie

Jo Anna Dale Elizabeth Denson Lipscomb Robert Hunter Tate, Jr.*Dorothy Jolly Deaner Eddie R. Lowry, Jr. James Johnson Thweatt

Julia Virginia Trent Elliott Henry Clinton Mackall* J. Ives Townsend*Lindsey Family Margaret Drummond MacKenzie Mary Pamela Strickland Vick

First Maryland Company Chevron Matching Michael Lee WalersFirst Ohio Company Mary Montgomery McClurg Leslie Strickland Watkins

Florida Panhandle Company Susan Evans McCrobie Jon Harold WheelerPatrick D. Foley John L. McHale* Katherine Stevenson Woodhouse

Leo Carl Forrest, Jr. Mary Proctor Menzel

C OL ON I ST Giving Level of $250 - $499

Joanne Mary Cronin Adams Emma “Lu” Burton Fischer Betty Forrest MorganBarbara Carol Ady Sandra Sartor Ford Paula Perkins Mortensen

Jane “Xan” Alicia Alexander Dianne Johnson Forsythe Alice Leona Sparacio MurrayAnne Trent Alford Joanne Clarke Fox Hunter Colman Murray, Jr.Sally Burch Allsup Jennifer Knight Fries Jimmie Lynn Myers

Lisa Neurohr Meadows Ambrose James Nowell Ganey Nancy Ashley MyersMarvin Hauser Anderson William R. Gann Anne Shelton Tyler Netick

Richard Michael Arrington Carole Lea Gefvert John Haynes Newman, Jr.Daniel Parker Ashley Thomas Jefferson Gephart Elizabeth Ann Nicholson

Louvette Simpson Aspiotis Carey Parks Gilbert, II Elizabeth Anne Owen NoakesRobert Gene Bailey Thomas Hayes Goodrich Margaret Prince Carr NorfleetMary Anne Baring Wells Fargo Grant M. Isabelle Board Obert

Ann Yancey Bauersfield Byron Wesley Graves, III Collis McCrum OrmsbyJoanna Roden Bergstrom M. Lynn Morris Gray Courtney Gibson Pelley

Ronald & Bonnie Bew William Allen Gregory* Ann Bagby PettersenJohn Goodwin Bland Virginia Soth Griffith Paul H. Prehn

Gina Chapman Bouchard David Phillip Halle, Jr. Virginia Schroeder PrestiChristopher Fleet Bowen Michael Glenn Harlow Robin Boyd Rawles

Elizabeth Lee Boyd Margaret Louise Harris Raymond James Charitable TrustRichard Bartholomew Bradford Judith Norris Hart Melanie Krein Remple

James Ronald Bramley Susan L. Haselton-Barr Gail RheaKay Gnagy Briski Randolph J. Hayes, Jr. Marian Dee White Rief*

Benjamin Moseley Brown Nancy Marie Redman HIll Richard C. RiemenschneiderGerald LaVonne Brown Martha H. Hirch Edward Maurice Rogers

Melodye Gwynne Brown Harry Harley Holgate William Shepard Rose, Jr.Sally Napier Bueno Heyward Carithers Hosch, III Mary Makima Ross

Clayton Mansfield Bull Evelyn Harrison Hoskins Carolyn Maples RueggerMarshall Armistead Burke Marie Mae McKnight Huber Sylvia Gilbert Ryder

Sara Douglas Burns Caroline Daren Hurt Maria Richardson SaundersDessa Jane Burrell Mary Jamia Jasper Jacobsen Phyllis Gerhold Scanlan

GU I L D M EM B ER Giving Level of $1,000 - $2,499

COLON I ST Giving Level of $250 - $499

Edwin Dudley Burwell, III Ethleen Babb Johnson Dell Dickins ScoperNathan Bushnell, III* Helen Oxley Johnson Shenandoah Valley Company

Alexander Cabot F. Claiborne Johnston Elizabeth Jane ShermanJ. Made Clark Campbell Marietta Barnes Jones John Stewart Shouse

Carlo Capomazza di Campolattaro Horace Richard Jordan MichaeL Kirby SmeltzerLeslie D. Carter, Jr. USA Ret. Thomas M. Katheder John Alonzo Smith

Renaissance Charitable Velta Colleen Moore Kenyon Lawrence Norfleet SmithKatherine Harding Chase Emily Randolph Harrison Kinnier William Dean Smith

Katherine Jordan Harding Chase Elizabeth Buffalo Korbus William Francis Smith, Sr.Chesapeake Bay Company Robert Alexander Barrett Leitch Cornelia Covington Smithwich

Langdon T. Christian, III Judith Phelps Letchworth James Ewell Brown (JEB) Stuart, IV*John Cutchin Clarke Nimrod Denson Lipscomb Sandra Spangler Summers

Bernice Elizabeth Clay Pamela Norvell Lyford Judith Kurtz SuorSusan Cox John Blount Macleod Rachel Deon Smith Sykes

Randa Fulfer Crisler Michael Thomas Mangum Randal Cornell TeagueGermaine Calhoun Culbertson Roy Abbott Martin, Jr. Paula Johnson Tibbetts

Victoria Baylor Daly David Clyde Marx Courtney Sheffield TierneyCarlisle Ragland Davis, Jr. David H. Mathews Kathleen Pugh Titus

Wyatt Stapleton Davis Edgar Royce McCoin Heber Venable Traywick, Jr.Jane Burdeshaw Decker Martha Mallard McDermott D. Katherine Spangler Tucker

Theresa Stockhorst Denby Frances McLellan McFarland Moses Wright Turner, IIIPaul Mattingly Dickinson, Jr. Janelle Via McKown Emily W. Walker

Alex Sparacio Dickman Teresa Carroll Medlinsky Anne Moncure WallJames & Sandra Diggs SunTrust Merchant William Michael Waring

Ann Garnett Thomas Donohue John Henning Meriwether Denise Duvall WestSandra Irwin Driskill Jean Carroll Perkinson Miles Thomas Blair West

Eleanor Rogers Edmondson Joyce Thomas Miller Kennon Caithness Whittle, Jr.Kathryn Oakes Edwards Patricia McNew Millspaugh Katherine Brown WiegmannMichael James Elston Robert Latane Montague, III Wilderness Road Company

Carolyn Kendrick Farmer Charles Edward Moore, Sr. Bernard M. WilliamsCape Fear Company Donald Wayne Moore Christina Wolfenden WoodsJohn Richard Ferris John Rixey Moore Charter Fitzhugh Yeatman

First Landing Company Rebecca Ann Baker Moran Armistead Churchill Young, III

JS/Giving


ALI CE M A SSEY N ESB I T T FELLOWSH I P F U N DJ. Goodwin Bland In memory of Burkie Morgan Bland

Ursula BaxleyMary Harris Councill

George S. Diehl, Jr.John R. Ferris

First North Carolina CompanyDavid U. Inge. M.D.

Rebecca Kusserow In honor of John ScottWilliam Everette Laird, Jr. In honor of Mildred Howard Laird

Joyce Thomas MillerDr. Elizabeth D. Morie

Carla Whitehurst OdomWilliam Harwar Parker, Sr. In honor of Richard Leroy Parker

Donna RiegelARCH AEOLOGY D I G F U N D

Charles H. Armstrong, Jr.Sheila W. Aszling

Lucia Hadley BaileyJ. Goodwin Bland In memory of Burkie Morgan Bland

Gina BoboBrenda J. Breckon

Beth BreischValerie Brown

Mary Harris CouncillJames B. Crowther

James B. Darden, IIIGeorge S. Diehl, Jr.

Al & Joye DukeLisa Everett In honor of Shirley Olsson

Alice FarishCarolyn Kendrick Farmer In memory of William Hayes Farmer

John R. FerrisFirst Louisiana Company

Sandra Sartor Ford In memory of Thomas FarleyBarbara GreeleyMartha Gresham

Virginia Soth GriffithCatha Hall

Barbara D. HaneyDavid U. Inge, M.D.

Wayne L. JoyWilliam Everette Laird, Jr. In honor of Mildred Howard Laird

Judith LetchworthSheila LohbeckJeanne Massey

Joyce Thomas MillerCheryl Montague-Nolting

John MooreBetty Forrest MorganDr. Elizabeth D. Morie

Everard MunseyWilliam Harwar Parker, Sr. In honor of Richard Leroy Parker

Allen PatrickFaison Thomas Peters

Marian Pfeiffer

ANNUAL GIVING CAMPAIGN DONATIONS

Virg in ia Company Legacy Rol l o f HonorI N V EST OR S

Beverly Ann Bailey Chinnis Spencer Earl Harper, Jr. Margaret Clarke Moring

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A R C H A EOL OGY D I G F U N DDonna RiegelClaudia Riner

Virginia A. SchneiderWilliam SchumakerDerrell G. Sergant

Shell Employee GivingMichael K. Smeltzer

Sharon SowdersMelissa Moore Stephens

Paul S. StevensSusan Constant CompanyPatricia Baugh Thompson

Paula TibbettsKatherine S. Tucker In memory of Captain Raleigh Croshaw

Marion Pollard Vicks In memory of John ClayAnn Vilchuck

Minor T. WeisigerRebecca M. West In memory of Lucretia Malone Mount Davenport

M. E. Beth WilsonB A R R A C K S B U I L D ER S (Gifts of $50 or more)

Joanne M. AdamsJennie Skinner Adkins

Mark AllisonAmerican Behavioral Counseling (Dr. Mary Jacobsen)

Charles H. Armstrong, Jr.Patty S. Arnold In memory of Jim Owen

Dan AshleyAnn Hall Austin

Peter Axson In honor of James B. Cook, Jr.Cary Baber

Elizabeth T. BackstromRebecca Nicholls Bacon

Neil BaerFred L. Bagwell

Lucia Hadley BaileySharron Hailey Baird In memory of Francis Eppes, I

Mary Roumayah BaringGrover Barnes, Jr.

Ursula BaxleyGene BerryJana Bickel

Cheryl Bradford BillingsleyJames B. Black, III

J. Goodwin Bland In memory of Burkie Morgan BlandJohn G. P. Boatwright

Gina BoboSheri BochniakVirita P. Bodey

Frederick W. BoeltTeresa Ann BoiceJohn Cox Booker

Christopher Bowen In honor of Harold S. BowenRichard C. Bradley, III

Brenda J. BreckonJulia Miles Brock

Thomas Jordan BrockenbroughBenjamin Moseley Brown

Mandel BrownMartin Brown, Jr.Mary E. P. Brown

James Buck, IISally Napier Bueno

Carol B. BuhlerClayton M. Bull

Sara BurnsDonald Bush

Elizabeth Winslow ButnerCalvin Cahoon, Jr.

Madge C. CampbellCarlo Capomazza Di Campolattaro

Robert L. CarothersSandra Carrington

Peyton CarterPaul C. Cartwright In memory of Francis Graves

Winifred Fern King CaseDewitt B. Casler, III

Central North Carolina Company

J. Gray ChandlerKatherine H. Chase

Urith V. Chase In honor of Ida Fostina Pardy ChaseJune Michele Chatelle

Ann Cheney In memory of Robert M. Cheney, Sr.Helen Cheyney

Mark A. ChristianBetty ClemmerBob Cleveland

Renee ClossDonald Colbert

Dr. Susan ColemanJane Cralle CongdonMary Harris Councill

Bruce CovillDavid Cross

Herbert CulpepperMary A. Cummins

Toni Jackson CurtisVictoria Daly In honor of Timothy Baylor Raube

James B. Darden, IIICarlisle Ragland Davis, Jr.

Jane B. DeckerTheresa R. Denby

Ronald James DePue, Jr.Susan Dewing

Sarah DickersonClaiborne Moore Dickinson

Alex DickmanGeorge S. Diehl, Jr.J. Wilson Dinsmore

Richard B. Donaldson, Jr.Sandra Driskill

Carolyn Jones DuValJean Allen EdwardsDwight Donald Elam

Julia T. ElliottMichael J. Elston

Carolyn Kendrick Farmer In memory of William Hayes FarmerJohn R. Ferris

Thomas C. Fey In memory of Ruth “Bonnie” Curpen Fey & Jean Curpen DonesFidelity Charitable

Emma “Lu” Burton FischerClaire Gale Jones Fixmer

Florida Gulf Coast CompanyDaniel Ray Sartor Ford

John-Peter Springer FordMark Douglas FordSandra Sartor FordJoanne Clarke Fox

Doris W. FrankeFranklin Charitable Giving Program

James H. FriersonGale Fuller

Jean Baxter GageSonya Gandy

Nell Dixon GarnerHarris Gholson, II

Carey Parks Gilbert, II In honor of Kathryn H. PorterMary King Givens

Elizabeth GlazebrookDr. Shirley Godsey In honor of Kimberly King Reed

Dr. John Wycoff GodseyShirley Margaret Godsey

Elizabeth A. GoodeVirginia Moorman GotliebSara Lucinda Foster Grace

John P. Graham In honor of Robert R. and Nell M. GrahamJohn GravesLynn Gray

Barbara GreeleyGail R. Gremse

Elizabeth GriffinVirginia Soth Griffith

James Grimes In honor of Jean C. DonesSallie Grow

Susan GuckenbergDr. Jack M. Gwaltney, Jr.

Catha HallR. Garnett Hall, Jr. In memory of Thomas Harris

Kenneth Blake Hallman


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B A R R A C K S B U I L D ER SAnna S. HammondBarbara D. Haney

Rose Gilstrap HaptonstallBarbara Amen Harper In honor of Zelime Lytle Amen

Sue HarralBonnie Haskins

Walter C. Haring, Jr.Michael G. HarlowDebra HartsfieldCecil S. Harrell

Mary L. H. HauserRandolph J. Hayes, Jr.

Ruth HemmingwayKathleen Gray Henry

Donna HertherGeorge Hill

Nancy Redman HillRobert E. Hill

Mary Sommerville HitchcockAlden Hobbs, Jr.

Anne HobbsMarjorie Hoffman

A. Norman Hofmeyer, Jr.Bonnie Hofmeyer

Dottie Landes HofmeyerHarry Holgate

Susan Diane Hill HomCharles R. Hooff, III

Beverly B. Howell In honor of Wallace BealeCharlotte McKean Hubbs

Marie M. Huber In honor of Mary Kimsey RudyElizabeth M. Hueske

E. Lee HutchisonR. Scott Irby

Carolyn Frances JeffersonJames J. JeffersonEthleen Johnson

Martha & David JohnsonRobert W. Johnson, Jr.

Evan Jonas In memory of Ann Cary EgglestonKristin K. Jones In memory of Miriam Ramsdell Krause

Lewis A. JonesMarietta B. Jones

Wayne L. JoyNorma Keating

Joseph Keller, Jr.Elizabeth Kendrick

Todd Brookes Kincaid In memory of Peter Montague, IPhyllis Kinzle In honor of Robin Monk

John W. KnappLinda W. & Richard H. Knight, Jr. In memory of Frances D & Richard H. Knight, Sr.

Barbara Newman KroezeWilliam Everette Laird, Jr. In honor of Mildred Howard Laird

Thomas B. LeitchNancy Lecky-Chascsa

Augustine W. Lewis, IIIFrederick W. Lewis, IV

Elizabeth LipscombNimrod D. LipscombSusan Pollard LittleSarah Bryant Loken

Caroline Elizabeth LovelaceCheryl Anne Lovelace

Howell K. LuciusNancy L. LukasMary Lunger

Henry Sharpe Lynn, Jr.Douglass Mackall, III

Margaret Drummond MacKenzieKatherine C. Maher

David MarshallGale Martin In honor of William Mortimer Harrison, Jr.

David C. MarxJeanne Massey

Ann Watters MattesonMrs. Bernice S. Matthews In memory of Col. Francis W. Matthews, US Army Ret.

Ellen Lane McAllisterJames McCall

Joseph V. McCannonLynn Dalian Moore McCreery

Martha Ann McDermottLynne Godsey McGrew

Carolyn N. McIntyreStephen A. McLeod

Mary Annie McPeakeMark & Mary McWhorter

James Meadows, Jr.Saunders G. Mercer, Jr.

Patricia O. MessickJeanine Meunier

Scott E. Millar, Jr.Joyce Thomas MillerJune Lancaster Miller

Patricia McNew MillspaughRichard Mitchell In honor of William Hall Mitchell

Dana MirelesCheryl Montague-NoltingRobert L. Montague, IIIRobert V. Montague, III

Lezlie MonteleoneBetty Forrest Morgan

Paula MortensenPatricia Gann Mortimer In memory of Donald and Peggy Freeman Gann

John B. Moseley, Sr. In memory of Captain Thomas WarrenHunter Murray

Braxtel Lee Neely, Jr.Helen R. Newman

Elizabeth Ann NicholsonLynn Watson Norfleet

Richard NormanMargaret Jones O’Grady

Linda O’Hoy In honor of Evelyn WaltersLinda Hansen OgleSandra L. Orozco

Myra Orr In memory of Sandra Fitzgerald ParsellRobert B. Outland, III

Mary Dudley Owen In memory of Edwin Randolph DudleyRichard W. Owen

Judy OwensConstance Paradiso

Gwin Groth ParlangeAnna Margaret ParmerJohn Harrison Parmer

Lauren Elizabeth ParmerGeorge Lee Parson

Robert ParvinAllen Patrick

Courtney PelleyAnn Henley Perry

Bonnie PierceRuth PiersonTrevor PotterElaine PowellPaul H. Prehn

Elizabeth QuelchRobin Boyd Rawles

Barbara W. RayMarcia Sned Reamer

Kim Haynie ReedCharlotte Reynolds

Gail RheaJames R. Richburg

Donna RiegelCarole Susan Hurst Roach

Edwin David RobertsonCarol Cobb Rochford

W. Thomas Rutledge, Jr.Nancy E. Sanderson

Sherry A. SaucermanCharles B. Saunders, Jr.

Glen SaundersJohn M. SchercingerRobert L. Schneider

Charles SchrodelKathleen Green Schultz

David C. ScottDerrell G. Sergant

Joyce E. ShawJohn Shelton In honor of Bonnie Hofmeyer

Peter J. W. SherwinJoy Wood Shirley


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B A R R A C K S B U I L D ER SJonathan Shouse

Josephine Calendine Silman In memory of Richard H. CalendineMichael K. SmeltzerAnnetta Clark Smith

D. Alan SmithJoseph Judson Smith, III

Sheryl R. SmithWilliam D. Smith

Nellie Ballou SmootMary M. Smythe

Carol Davis Snow In memory of Annie Lee Sledd DavisBilly Gene Sorrells

Nancy B. SquirePage Thomson Steele

Paul S. StevensDonna Kirk Stoessner

Ora Shaw StoryRodney Joe Story

Christine M. SundieAnita Conner Tadlock

Tennessee Valley CompanyClaude Anderson Thomas, Jr.

Laura Clark ThompsonPatricia Baugh Thompson

John E. Thasher, IIIPaula Tibbetts

Kathleen P. TitusKatherine Pace Totten

Robert M. TurnbullLaVena Turner

Marcia B. TurnerMoses Wright Turner, III

Ellen Unger In memory of Harriette EubankDenise ValdezSue R. VesserPamela Vick

Marion Pollard Vicks In memory of John ClayAnn VilchuckTeresa Walker

Robert H. WarrenLowry R. Watkins, Jr.

Sylvia J. Henderson WebbBarry Gibson Webster

Richard WeaverRebecca M. West In memory of Lucretia Malone Mount Davenport

Elizabeth E. West In memory of Gov. John & Ann WestJon H. WheelerSarah Whiting

Walter WhitfieldElizabeth “Betty” W. Whitlock

Beverly Ann Whittington In honor of Sally Humber TeddlieMr. & Mrs. Cranston Williams, Jr.

Aubrey WilsonBelinda Wilson

Robert G. WindsorRae Brann Wine

Dr. Mervin Waller WingfieldWinston-Salem Foundation

Deborah Dews WoodChristy WoodsSusan Wuest

Carter YeatmanCheyanne Zink

EL I Z A B ET H B . W I N GOR EST OR A T I ON OF R EC OR D S F U N D

Lucia Hadley BaileyMary Roumayah Baring

J. Goodwin Bland In memory of Burkie Morgan BlandGina Bobo

Teresa Ann BoiceBrenda J. Breckon

Beth BreischKay BriskiSara Burns

Peyton CarterMary Harris Councill

George S. Diehl, Jr.James & Sandra Hall Diggs

Julia T. ElliottCarolyn Kendrick Farmer In memory of William Hayes Farmer

John R. FerrisArthur Louis Finnell

First Louisiana CompanyJoanne Clarke Fox

Jennifer Knight FriesWayne L. Joy

Jack P. GatewoodLynn Gray

Barbara GreeleyLinda E. Griffen In memory of Nicholas Martiau

Michael G. HarlowMary H. Hodges

Rebekah H. HugginsDavid U. Inge, M.D.James J. Jefferson

Evan Jonas In memory of Ann Cary EgglestonWayne L. Joy

William Everette Laird, Jr. In honor of Mildred Howard LairdEmily Lyons

Michael T. MangumLynn Dalian Moore McCreery

Martha Ann McDermottJoyce Thomas Miller

Alice L. Murray In honor of Ruth & Sam SparacioLinda Hansen Ogle

William Harwar Parker, Sr. In honor of Richard Leroy ParkerBrenda ReederDonna Riegel

Caroline SmithChristine M. Sundie

Anita Conner TadlockPatricia Baugh Thompson

Katherine Pace TottenMeredith Trawick

Katherine S. Tucker In memory of Captain Raleigh CroshawPamela Vick

Emily L. Walker In memory of Elizabeth B. WingoMr. & Mrs. Cranston Williams, Jr.

Christy WoodsH A R R I SON R U F F I N T Y L ER F U N D (unrestricted)

Alabama CompanyLucia Hadley BaileyKatherine BarksdaleJoanna R. Bergstrom

Jana BickelJ. Goodwin Bland In memory of Burkie Morgan Bland

Richard C. Bradley, IIIBeth Breisch

Bonnie Bridger-MittelmaierClayton M. Bull

Constance Harter BurtonRobert Bushnell In memory of Nathan & Mary Bushnell

Madge C. CampbellRobin Campbell

Capital Group American FundsPeyton Carter

Elizabeth Broaddus CoxCape Canaveral Company

Belva CauthenCentral North Carolina Company

June ChapekKatherine H. Chase

Ann Cheney In memory of Robert M. Cheney, Sr.Mark A. Christian

Allison Hedgepeth ClockRenee Closs

Donald W. ColbertStephen Coleman, Jr.

Betina CooperMary Harris Councill

Elizabeth Broaddus Cox In honor of Harrison Ruffin TylerJo Anna Dale

Debra L. DeForestGeorge S. Diehl, Jr.

Isabella B. DukeDoris Eller In honor of Thomas Leitch

Robin Hofmeyer EllisBetty N. Enloe In memory of Garland E. Wilson

John R. FerrisFidelity Charitable

First Louisiana CompanyFirst Mississippi Company In honor of Dr. Shirley Godsey


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H ARRI SON RU FF I N T Y L ER F U N D (unrestricted)Leo C. Forrest, Jr.

Margaret A. FrederickJames Frierson

Jennifer Knight FriesMary Avery Furr

Benjamin & Yvonne Godsey In honor of Dr. John W. GodseyDr. John W. GodseyElizabeth A. Goode

Thomas H. GoodrichVirginia Moorman Gotlieb

Carol Graybeal In memory of Bill GraybealThe Greater Cincinnati Foundation

Gail R. Gremse In memory of Wilhelmena Rhodes KellyBettie P. Gustafson

Lyndon Hobbs Hart, IIICaroline L. Hedrick In honor of Mrs. Kenneth M. Lemley

George HillNancy Hill

Heyward HoschHeyward Hosch, IIICharles R. Hoof, III

Charlotte McKean HubbsGeorge Hartwell Hylton

David U. Inge, M.D.Tyler M. Jackson In memory of Thomas Graves

Charles T. JeffersonElizabeth “Liddy” JohnsonMartha Hartman Johnson

Richard G. JohnsonMiles Cary Johnston, Jr.

Evan Jonas In memory of Mary TaliaferroFreeman E. Jones

LTC Horace JordanHeyward JoschWayne L. Joy

Jonathan F. JudkinsJoseph Keller, Jr.

Patricia Porter KryderWilliam Everette Laird, Jr. In honor of Mildred Howard Laird

Amy LawsonJudith LetchworthDouglas G. LindseyElizabeth Lipscomb

Nimrod D. LipscombGail W. LongakerCarolyn MalloryJames R. Maples

Lucy Ewing MartinDavid Mathews

Mary McKellar In memory of Betty Davis FitzgeraldRobert McQullian

Jean MeaneyJames V. Meyl In honor of V. James Meyl

Joyce Thomas MillerRobert L. Montague, IIIMargaret Clarke Moring

Paula P. MortensenJoanne H. Murphy

Prince Carr NorfleetOklahoma Company In memory of Frederick Fulkerson and Ethel Koger

William Harwar Parker, Sr. In honor of Richard Leroy ParkerWilliam Pearce

Anne PeckWilliam Sims Propst, Jr.

Mary Radford In honor of John SheltonDr. Laurie E. Rennie

Donna RiegelCarol Cobb Rochford

Dr. M. G. “Pat” RobertsonMichael J. Rowley

Virginia SavageMary Jane SimpsonBetsy Graves SmithBrooke B. Smith, Jr.

Nancy SmithRay & Carol Davis Snow

Paul S. StevensJudith K. Suor

J. Anthony TerrellH. V. Traywick, Jr.Guy T. Tripp, III

Joy H. Wakins In memory of Peter MontagueMinor Tompkins Weisiger

Lewis M. WhiteKelly McMahon Willette

Deborah Dews WoodCheyanne Zink


M EM B ER SH I PCERT I F I CAT E

N OW AV AI LAB LENEW

JAMESTOWNE SOCIETY

The new certificate is now available for the purchaseprice of $75.00 plus shipping through theJamestowne Society merchandise page atwww.jamestowne.org or by mailing the JamestowneSociety at P.O. Box 6845 Richmond, VA 23230.

We are excited about the new design and encourageall our members to purchase one!

Four years age, then Governor Jerry Zillion and I had a conservation about developing a new membership certificate for the Jamestowne Society. Wewondered if it might be possible to offer a larger, more decorative certificate that included artistic interpretation. Jerry asked Pamela Pate, a member of oursociety and our current Auditor General, to design the certificate. During my tenure as governor, I worked with Pamela on the design and a final draft waspresented to the Executive Committee at it last meeting. The artwork that surrounds the edges of the certificate includes a section taken from Captain JohnSmith’s map of Virginia that shows the name and site of James Fort in the left mid-border area, and image of the three ships at the bottom right corner takenfrom an illustration in a 19th century history book, and an image of the meeting of the Assembly. The whole of the document is meant to reflect the style ofwriting and presentation during the Jamestown era. Many thanks to Pamela Pate for her considerable work in designing such a beautiful certificate for oursociety!

- Roy Martin

JS/New Members


10103 Mr. James Pridgen Low, Virginia Beach, VA....................................................Thomas Gray10146 Mrs. Marcia Sned Reamer, Salisbury, NC..........................................................John English10147 Mrs. Mary Schneider Moon, Sequim, WA...................................................Richard Walthall10148 Mrs. Diana Mathews Tibor, Sacramento, CA.................................................William Cox(e)10149 Mrs. Kimberly Whitlow Harrison, Poquoson, VA..............................Edmund Scarburgh, I10150 Mr. George Ray Anderson, Sherman, TX................................................Sir William Browne10151 Dr. Dana Powell-Brown, Kansas City, MO.............................................Robert Beheathland10152 Mr. Benjamin Schultz Pyle, Birmingham, AL.................................................Robert Hallom10153 Dr. Anne Parrish Steptoe, Greensboro, NC............................................Robert Beheathland10154 Mrs. Jane Miller Schleinzer, Aurora, IL...............................................................John Vassall10155 Ms. Marsha Joyce Adams, Vero Beach, FL..........................................................John Vassall10156 Mr. Joseph Paul Meyer, Palm Beach, FL.............................................................John Vassall10157 Mrs. Mary McEachern McPeake, Knoxville, TN..................................................John Bates10158 Mr. Frank Clinton Thomas, Brentwood, TN.................................................Thomas Purefoy10159 Mrs. Ann Watters Matteson, Raleigh, NC.....................................................Lawrence Smith10160 Mrs. Mary Decker Ealy, Glidden, IA ....................................................................... John Clay10161 Mrs. Mary Hyde Vanderslice, Arkadelphia, AR.............................................Edward Foliott10162 Ms. Carole Lynn Copeland, Churchville, VA..................................................William Farrar10163 Mrs. Suzanne Clements Palmer, Leland, NC...............................................Stephen Hopkins10164 Mr. Donald Scott Lurding, Louisville, KY.....................................................Peter Montague10165 Mr. Kenneth Milton Spratlin, Boulder, CO.........................................................Cicely Baley10166 Mrs. Betty Kennedy Waltman, Chesterfield, VA.........................................Thomas Osborne10167 Mrs. Valerie Blum Sandoval, Virginia Beach, VA..................................................John Rolfe10168 Mrs. Kristen Brandt Ferate, Edmond, OK..................................................Raleigh Croshaw10169 Ms. Cornelia Anthony Reamer, Silver Spring, MD............................................John English10170 Ms. Melissa Jeanne Gaffney, Jacksonville, FL..................................................Joseph Royall10171 Mr. Harrison Jones Campbell, Montgomery, AL..............................................Thomas Gray10172 Mr. Zachary Fleet Hill, Charlotte, NC.................................................................Henry Fleete10173 Dr. Karen Wallace Pribyla, Brazil, IN..................................................................John Vassall10174 Mr. Thomas Meredith Bolton, Jr., Pinehurst, NC...............................................John Bishop10175 Mr. Thomas Meredith Bolton, III, Pinehurst, NC...............................................John Bishop10176 Mr. Robert Wiggins Johnson, Jr......................................................................Thomas Graves10177 Ms. LaDonna Suzanne Stephens, Tecumseh, OK..................................................John Chew10178 Mrs. Christine Vernon Berger, Kansas City, MO......................................Benjamin Doggett10179 Mr. Thomas Boisseau Kellam, Sr., Gettysburg, PA.........................................Francis Mason10180 Mrs. LaVadis Brett McDonald, Oklahoma City, OK..............................................John Clay10181 Mr. James Thomas Strickland, Locust Grove, GA............................................Richard Pace10182 Mr. Philip Barbour Steptoe, Hurricane, WV..........................................Robert Beheathland10183 Mr. Damon Eric Woodson, Macon, GA............................................................John Woodson10184 Mrs. Elizabeth Hoffmaster Ornelas, Fairfax, VA.......................................Nicholas Martiau10185 Mrs. Nancy Munnerlyn Spears, Beebe, AR...................................................Thomas Bennett10186 Mrs. Ellen Munt Bloxsom, Midlothian, VA.....................................................Francis Epes, I10187 Mrs. Linda Webb Brenner, Jacksonville, FL..................................................Thomas Harris10188 Mr. John Carner Lowe, Jr., Mooresville, NC....................................................Joseph Royall10189 Mr. Joshua Mitchell Barger, San Francisco, CA....................................................John Bates10190 Mrs. LaDonna Blalock Higdon, Dripping Springs, TX.....................Lawrence Washington10191 Mrs. Brenda Booth DiCristina, Atlanta, GA...............................................Abraham Peirsey10192 Mrs. Bonnie Thuma Henn, Woodbridge, VA.................................................Thomas Graves10193 Mrs. Janet Wise Riedesel, Lakewood, CO..................................................Benjamin Doggett10194 Mr. Preston Leo Wines, Jr., Stafford, VA.....................................................Anthony Hoskins10195 Mr. Daniel Kenneth Berry, Olathe, KS.........................................................Stephen Hopkins10196 Mr. James Alexander Daniel Berry, Beaumont, CA...................................Stephen Hopkins10197 Mrs. Wenonah Waller Landers, Weldon Spring, MO.................................Stephen Hopkins

CONGRATULATIONS AND WELCOME to our NEW MEMBERSas of June 30, 2020

New members are immediately entitled to recommend family, friends and acquaintances for membership in the JamestowneSociety. There is no waiting period and no annual limit on the number of people a member may sponsor who are direct

descendants of the early Virginia settlers accepted by the Society as qualifying seventeenth-century ancestors.

How to sponsoran applicant

Any member can sponsor anapplicant for the JamestowneSociety. Just send an email [email protected] include the applicant’sname, email address, and nameof Jamestowne ancestor. Asoftware invitation will beemailed to the applicant whichinc ludes the Soc ie ty ’sapplication form.

Any family members usingthe same line as the memberwould be legacies and themember can request thesoftware application be emaileddirectly to the legacy applicant.Legacies only have to providep r o o f d o c u m e n t s f o rgenerations not in commonwith the family member’sapplication.

Consider sponsoring anapplicant for membership?Direct the applicant to theS o c i e t y w e b s i t e a twww.jamestowne.org to findthe complete list of ancestorsand qualifying criteria.

Registrat ionforms

available onlineDon’t wait for the JamestowneSociety magazine to register forevents. Some events arepopular and sell out quickly.You can visit the Societywebsite at www.jamestowne.orgto print registration forms formembership meetings, tours,and governor’s dinners. Clickon the link for Events/Meetingsto locate the forms. Thewebsite will be updated whenevents sell out. Spring formsgo online the week of January1 and Fall forms go online theweek of July 1.

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10198 Rev. David Craig Anderson, Sr. Stone Mountain, GA..............................Christopher Neale10199 Mr. Gordon Converse Hiler Drake...................................................................John Woodson10200 Mrs. Chelsea Alexandra Thompson Tarantino.............................................William Hatcher10201 Mr. Donald Loomis Webb, Jr.........................................................................Stephen Hopkins10202 Miss Mary Bradley Bolton.....................................................................................John Bishop10203 Mr. Thomas Meredith Bolton, IV..........................................................................John Bishop10204 Mr. William Lee Bolton..........................................................................................John Bishop10205 Mrs. Anne Rogers Reiss, Vista, CA...........................................................................John Clay10206 Mrs. Lindell Mullen Dye, Tampa, FL.....................................................................John Chew10207 Mr. John Goodwin Bland, New York, NY......................................................Thomas Jordan10208 Mrs. Monet Bellinger Kietzman, Lenexa, KS............................................Thomas Hampton10209 Mr. Jonathan Robert Battle, Southern Pines, NC.........................................Samuel Bennett10210 Mr. William Gresby Hughes, Jr., Irvington, VA...........................................Mordecai Cooke10211 Mr. Ralph C. Dawn, Jr., Annapolis, MD.........................................................Walter Chiles, I10212 Mrs. Janet Farmer Longest, Plainfield, IN.................................................Cornelius Dabney10213 Mrs. Glenda Becton Michaels, Mobile, AL.........................................................Richard Pace10214 Ms. Casey Alison Wood, Laguna Niguel, CA...................................................John Woodson10215 Mr. Henry Ross Wood, Laguna Niguel, CA.....................................................John Woodson10216 Mrs. Ruth McClanahan Holman, Springfield, TN.......................................Thomas Ballard10217 Mrs. Judith New Griffin, Danville, IN.............................................................William Cox(e)10218 Mrs. Kathleen Stephenson Pierce, San Antonio, TX...................................Stephen Hopkins10219 Mr. Christopher Lee Vance, Midlothian, VA...................................................Lemuel Mason10220 Ms. Heather Ann Brenner, Jacksonville, FL...................................................Thomas Harris10221 Mrs. Sue Nichols Turpin, Henrico, VA............................................................Thomas Graves10222 Mr. Leighton Hammond Coleman, III, Saint James, NY................Thomas Ousley/Owsley10223 Mr. David Craig Anderson, Jr., Travelers Rest, SC..................................Christopher Neale10224 Mrs. Catherine Heller Hyman, Mount Pleasant, SC....................................Thomas Ballard10225 Mr. James Moise Mouliere, Alexandria, LA.......................................................Edward Dale10226 Mr. Dwight Donald Elam, Fort Myers, FL...................................................William Hatcher10227 Mrs. Valerie Barrett Crowther, San Antonio, TX.......................Robert Bracewell/Braswell10228 Ms. Patricia L. Petet, Independence, MO........................................................William Cox(e)10229 Mr. Sanders Garner Mercer, Jr., Sandersville, GA.......................................Jabez Whitaker10230 Mr. James Dan Lott, Roswell, GA.................................................................Stephen Hopkins10231 Mr. Bruce Elliott Covill, Phoenix, AZ...........................................................Stephen Hopkins10232 Mrs. Susan Price MacEwen, Grovetown, GA..............................................Stephen Hopkins10233 Mr. Owen Stokes Mapen, Atlanta, GA.................................................................John Bishop10234 Mrs. Janet Layden Lineberry, Gloucester, VA...............................................Thomas Jordan10235 Mr. David Berton Meade, Bellaire, TX.................................................................John Vassall10236 Ms. Caroline Christine Crowe, Mount Pleasant, SC........................................Edward Dale10237 Rev. Dr. Mark Dwaine Berry, Prattville, AL.......................................Edmund Scarburgh, I10238 Mr. George Richard Davis, River Vale, NJ.............................................Robert Beheathland10239 Mr. Robert Louis Stevens, Aurora, CO................................................................John Vassall10240 Mrs. Jodi Prather Stevens, Aurora, CO..............................................Lawrence Washington10241 Mrs. Sandra Howard Bush, Owenton, KY.........................................Thomas Ligon/Lyggon10242 Mr. Wayne Allen Courreges, Jr., Austin, TX................................................Francis Doughty10243 Mrs. Amanda Bordelon Aguilera, Alexandria, VA..........................................Richard Cocke10244 Miss Charlotte Francessa Aguilera, Alexandria, VA.......................................Richard Cocke10245 Mr. Mark Elliott McWhorter, Knoxville, TN..................................................Francis Mason10246 Mrs. Nikole Madre DeBrauwer, Apex, NC.................................................Thomas Jordan, I10247 Mrs. Carol Colvard Cason, Charlotte, NC.........................................Thomas Ligon/Lyggon10248 Mrs. Lesley Williams Dobbins, Riverview, FL................................................Henry Bagwell10249 Mrs. Barbara Jean Kieke, Baytown, TX..........................................................John Woodson10250 Mrs. Dianne Boggess Fullam, Clifton Park, NY........................Thomas Gascoigne/Gaskins10251 Mr. James Michael Watrous, Midlothian, VA......................................................John Bishop10252 Mr. Henry James Watrous, Midlothian, VA.........................................................John Bishop10253 Mrs. Andrea Morris Gruhl, Ellicott City, MD................................................Thomas Swann10254 Mrs. Linda Gafford Belota, Benbrook, TX..............................................................John Stith

NEW MEMBERS as of June 30, 2020 CONTINUED

Contact ing theNat ional Office

Contact the JamestowneSociety National Office byemailing [email protected] The busiesttimes of the year are April,May, October, and the firstweek of November. Requestsmade at this time will bedelayed due to nationalmeeting preparations. Theoffice is open Monday-Friday8am-4pm Eastern StandardTime. The office is closed onfederal holidays.

PurchasingLineage Papers

A lineage paper is a membersapproved application with thefirst two generations andmembers personal informationredacted. Lineage papers canbe purchased from theJamestowne Society for $38.00

To purchase a paper visit ourwebsite or enter the linkhttp://www.jamestowne.org/revolutionary-war-era-people.html. I fyou find a paper that will assistyou, follow the orderinginstructions at the top of thepage.

You can always obtain anorder form from the Societywebsite at www.jamestowne.orgclick on the link formerchandise to download theform. Mail the form andcheck to:

Jamestowne SocietyPO Box 6845

Richmond, VA 23230

If you have additionalquestions please call BonnieHofmeyer, JamestowneSociety Executive Director, at804-353-1226.

JS/New Members


10255 Mr. William Frank Pollard, Prospect, KY....................................................Peter Montague10256 Mrs. Pamela Robinson Porterfield, Athens, AL...................................................John Chew10257 Mrs. Nora-Scott Miller Lurding, Louisville, KY.........................................Peter Montague10258 Ms. Anne Hostettler Heacock, Mechanicsville, VA......................................William Browne10259 Mr. Charles Marion Johnson, IV, Charlottesville, VA..........................Robert Beheathland10260 Ms. Morgana Anne Meader, Broomfield, CO.............................................Stephen Hopkins10261 Mr. Dennis George Meader, Fort Collins, CO............................................Stephen Hopkins10262 Mr. Patrick Edward Leeper, Jr., Lincolnton, NC.......................................William Hatcher10263 Mrs. Pamela Mewborn Gragg, Rocky Mount, NC..........................................Thomas Gray10264 Mrs. Nancy Ellison Rollnick, Palm Beach, FL................................................Thomas Swan10265 Mr. Raymond Francis Kyle, Buford, GA........................................................Lewis Burwell10266 Mr. Bradley Radean Gilstrap, Fernandina Beach, FL..................................John Woodson10267 Ms. Katherine Bagwell Dobbins, Riverview, FL............................................Henry Bagwell10268 Mrs. Nancy Paylor Alley, Shreveport, LA..........................................Christopher Reynolds10269 Mr. Thomas Collier Platt, III, Bozeman, MT........................................................John Rolfe10270 Mrs. Martha Greenwood Cassidy, Lexington, KY...........................................Edward Dale10271 Mr. Norman Lott Webb, Seattle, WA..........................................................Stephen Hopkins10272 Mr. James Randolph Tubbs, Lake Worth, FL...............................................Francis Epes, I10273 Mrs. Kirsten Schmidt Weick, Munich, Germany......................Robert Bracewell/Braswell10274 Mrs. Jennifer Ealy Gerken, Lithia, FL...................................................................John Clay10275 Mr. Scott Edward Millar, Jr., Catonsville, MD.............................................. John Woodson10276 Mr. Alan W. Omo, Peyton, CO.....................................................................Stephen Hopkins10277 Mr. McDonald Stephens Johnson, Atlanta, GA....................................Robert Beheathland10278 Mrs. Carolyn Wharton Garrison, Warrenton, VA...............................................John Chew10279 Mrs. Lise Hostettler Kline, Williamsburg, VA.............................................William Browne10280 Mrs. Patricia Mogensen Malley, Naples, FL...............................................Stephen Hopkins10281 Mr. Douglas Eugene Rogers, Jr., Summerville, SC....................................Stephen Hopkins10282 Mr. Robert Frank Talmage, Bellport, NY...................................................Stephen Hopkins10283 Mr. Michael Purnell Berry, Platte Woods, MO................................Edmund Scarburgh, II10284 Mr. Robert Frederick Hendrickson, Princeton, NJ...........................................John Vassall10285 Mrs. Susan Campbell Bell, Mountain Brook, AL......................................Theodrick Bland10286 Mr. Philip Raymond Thieler, Cape Coral, FL..................................................Richard Pace10287 Mrs. Lona Gilliam Burnett, Satellite Beach, FL...........................................William Cox(e)10288 Mr. Steven James Hughes, Liberty Township, OH.....................................Mordecai Cooke10289 Mr. Christopher Charles DiJulio, Severna Park, MD.........................................John Chew10290 Mrs. Ivy Rhodes Darnall, Atlanta, GA....................................................Sir Francis Bickley10291 Mrs. Tracy Carter Sondeen, Boulder, CO.........................................................Edward Dale10292 Mrs. Jennifer Young Baker, Denver, NC.......................................................Peter Montague10293 Mr. Dustin Snow Whittenburg, San Antonio, TX.............................................Edward Dale10294 Mrs. Carolyn Walker Dunaway, Valley Grande, AL........................................Richard Pace10295 Mrs. Dorene Hostettler Hunt, Mechanicsville, VA......................................William Browne10296 Mrs. Jacqueline Mabie Humphrey, Greensboro, NC........................................William Ball10297 Mrs. Sharol Jones Bettencourt, Littleton, CO.................................................John Johnson10298 Mr. Harry Merritt House, Centennial, CO.................................................Stephen Hopkins10299 Mrs. Anna Fitts Kiger, Weldon, NC............................................Robert Bracewell/Braswell10300 Mr. Timothy James Malley, Danbury, CT..................................................Stephen Hopkins10301 Mrs. Patricia Malley Shanahan, Naples, FL...............................................Stephen Hopkins10302 Mr. Ronald James Deutch, Kerrville, TX...............................................................John Stith

NEW MEMBERS as of June 30, 2020 CONTINUED

Jamestowne SocietyCommemoration of the

400th Anniversary of theFirst General Assembly ofJamestown Colony in 1619

LIMITED QUANITY

Jamestowne SocietyLadies’ Ships Scarf

AVAILABLEIN THE

JAMESTOWNESHOPPE

GET YOURS TODAY!

Memorial Church Pin

Visit w w w .jamestow ne.org blog page to check outthe ancestor profiles and vignettes from members

that focus on their ancestor’s roles in Jamestow n’shistory, plus other aspects of their lives, events

and experiences in the colony.


JS/Jamestown and Beyond

The Mississippi Gulf Coast has been my home for over fortyyears; but I was born and reared in Richmond, VA. As a nativeVirginian, I toured Jamestown Island as a young child after WW IIwith my parents and again on elementary and junior high schooltrips. Our family car and school buses parked on the overgrowntree-and-shrub-laced grounds, where we met a tour guide whosteered us to the banks of the James River to see where the 1607ships moored, read us the words on the towering statue of CaptainJohn Smith, led our group to the bell tower covered in vines, andallowed us to enter the empty memorial church without pews.Abandoned trenches revealed where searches had been made forevidence of the 1607 fort. I was taught in Richmond schools thatJamestown was the site of the first permanent English settlement inNorth America, and school tours to the island reinforced that lesson.My lasting impression of those trips was that there was little there tosee; it was a rather primitive and isolated spot with a few neglectedold graves, indicating that people had lived there at one time. The1680 church bell tower is the most vivid image etched in mymemory. And I recall that the waters of the James River there lookeddeep, unlike the shallow rocky waters I saw when I crossed thebridges that spanned the James River in Richmond.

Those memories vastly differ from the island I see today, a placeteeming with visitors wanting to learn more about the 1607-1699settlement that led to what became the United States. The island’stransformation, aided by donations from the Jamestowne Society, isanalogous to the metamorphosis of a pupa to a butterfly: now I cansee the actual size and location of the 1607 fort, a replica of ablacksmith’s shop, New Town, Pocahontas’ statue, crosses markinggraves, the Voorhees Archaearium, a restored bell tower completewith a ringing bell, a church filled with pews, a transparent floorrevealing an archeological dig and the grave of Governor Sir George

Yeardley, and so much more. I have a new appreciation for thechallenges the settlers faced carving a foothold in the wilderness,building a lasting settlement forged out of determination andsacrifices made by so many men, women, and children. Myadmiration for their better-told stories, made possible by newdiscoveries and outstanding archaeology work, led me to want tohelp these stories continue to develop. I decided several years agothat the best way for me to help was to make charitable giving to theSociety a priority and to donate through my Mississippi Company.

With the understandably expected cut-backs in charitabledonations to the Society in 2020, it’s important to me to find ways tokeep the work of the Society funded. I have purchased Societymerchandise; made all my online purchases from Amazon usingsmile.amazon.com, designating the Jamestowne Society as mypreferred charity; traveled to VA for the Society’s bi-annualmeetings; and made annual contributions. Knowing that the Societyhas bills to pay, four regular and ongoing funds to sustain, and thenew obligation to fund the rebuilding of the 1607 fort’s Barracks,members of my company and I asked the Society to roll ourreservation money for the canceled May 2020 Williamsburg meetinginto the Barracks Builders’ fund in April. As I anticipate ourcountry’s financial recovery in the fourth quarter of 2020, my annualgift by check to the Society will be sent before the end of Decemberto the unrestricted fund. I also have encouraged my grown childrento add the Jamestowne Society to their charitable gift list and amproud that they have done so in honor of my wife and me in pastyears. Now, I ask that each of you join me in remembering the needsof the Society, giving as generously as possible so that the Societymay continue and expand its outstanding work for the benefit of ourdescendants. Thank you.

- John Wycoff Godsey, MD; Councilor, First Mississippi Company

Photograph, on the left, taken 1901/02 is of the Jamestown Island 1680 Church Bell Tower and on the right, the Church Bell Towerseen today by visitors at the James Fort.

Reco l l e c t i on sOF A JAMESTOWNE SOCIETY MEMBER

-

It seems we can plan on doing a lotof catching up with family, friends andacquaintances once the dire emergencyof the Coronavirus has faded intohistory. The cancellation of gatheringsof the Jamestowne Society, along withnumerous other historical andgenealogical society events during 2020,has provided many the opportunity toconduct a leisurely study of the past,hopefully safe at home. In that study,historians will explain how the worldhas historically rebounded from crises

like we are experiencing today. Making history and studying history;life is a full circle with the passing of each season and the years. Thereare circles like the Jamestowne Society within the larger circle of lifeand each one has a role in the making of our collective history. Oneshould carefully choose who, what, when, where and how they spendtheir resources for long term value and enjoyment.

What better choice than that of men and women who passionatelygive their lives to the pursuit of archaeology, studying human activitythrough recovery and analysis of material culture – the artifacts,ecofacts, and the actual bones of our society’s ancestors? They are trueprofessionals in uncovering previously unknown stories on ourpredecessors with the help of the written record, which they scan like amap for a familiar starting point, and some necessary financialassistance from the living.

I am immensely proud of the content that we produce in theproduction of the Jamestowne Society Magazine to support ourorganizational mission. This entire magazine is music for the soul ofour membership with interests in the study of history, of family, of theemergence of English civilization in America and the ties that bind ustogether as descendants of those who founded the first permanentEnglish Colony at the James Fort. I know you will enjoy reading thecontent as much as we enjoy assembling it for you. And I especiallythank the archaeologists and historians who have contributed theirefforts in reacquainting us with their work at Jamestown Island and itsrelevance for us and the world beyond.

Please enjoy your review of this issue of the Jamestowne SocietyMagazine.

- Susan Evans McCrobie, Magazine EditorJamestowne Society


JS/Supplementals and NecrologyNEW SUPPLEMENTALS as of June 30, 2020Member AncestorEliza Middleton Berkley ...........................................Thomas JordanCarl David Cooper, Jr.....................................................Cicely BaleyNelson Lewis Person....................................................George ReadeNelson Lewis Person..........................................Augustine Warner, INelson Lewis Person.............................................William RandolphJoseph Waightstill Avery, Jr......................................Thomas TeackleJames Morton Nickell ...............................................Peter MontagueJames Morton Nickell .....................................................Henry DukeRichard Warren Tucker............................................Thomas OsborneJohn Richard Ferris ..................................George Fawdone/FowdenRebecca Baker Moran.........................................Jane Fareley/FarleyDonna West Stoessner..................................................Richard WellsSonya Lee Forrest........................................................Armiger WadeLeo Carl Forrest, Jr...........................................Edmund Scarburgh, IRobert Wiggins Johnson, Jr............................................Henry BakerMark Wilbur Easterwood..........................................Thomas BallardCynthia Ann Meiners ......................................... Sir George Yeardley

Jennifer Swisher McStravick ...................................Lawrence SmithJennifer Swisher McStravick .....................................John TaliaferroKathy Cave Wells.....................................................Lawrence SmithKathy Cave Wells ....................................................... John TaliaferroBilly Gene Sorrells .......................................................Robert BoothEmily Williams Walker.................................Thomas Sawier/SawyerCatherine Hart Liddle..................................................Henry BrowneJennifer Swisher McStravick...........................Jane Barkley-MartiauKathy Cave Wells.............................................Jane Barkley-MartiauJohn Shelton ..............................................................Sarah WoodsonLindell Mullen Dye.........................................................Sarah ChewWilliam Frank Pollard....................................................Peter PresleyDonald Loomis Webb, Jr. ................................................... John StithDeborah Louise Dews........................................................John PriceDeborah Louise Dews................................................Sarah WoodsonDavid Mathew Walker..................................Thomas Sawier/SawyerGrayson Wellslee Walker..............................Thomas Sawier/SawyerScott Robert Kerns.....................................................William AngellIda Ruth Edmondson-Johnson...................................Sarah Woodson

ELIZABETH GREEAR CAUTHEN ................Charlottesville, VANANCY BAILEY COGSDALE.......................................Sedley, VACONSTANCE YOUNG COX ...................................Richmond, VALAURA LAVALLE DEEGAN ........................................Spring, TXBETTY DAVIS FITZGERALD .......................................Dunn, NCMARGUERITE FLINT FOGLEMAN.............North Augusta, SCSTEPHEN G. GRAVES ..................................Newtown Square, PAGLORIA BARNES HARPER....................................New York, NYMARTHA JANE HEARD..............................................Canton, TXCLAUDETTE KEYS HILL ............................................Olathe, KSEVELYN CHRISTIAN HILL...................................Richmond, VAWILLIAM GESSNER JOHNSON, M.D................Short HIlls, NJLTC CARL MOORE JORDAN, JR ......................Fayetteville, NCCOLLEEN MOORE KENYON .......................Granite Shoals, TXANN CARTER MARSH.........................................White Stone, VAJOHN DAVID MASTIN ..........................................Cherry Hill, NJELIZABETH WHITE MAY.........................................Raleigh, NCHENIETTA DELIUS MCCLELLAN...........Lighthouse Point, FLJOHN HENNING MERIWETHER............................Jackson, TNCATHERINE CARSON MILTON .....................Rural Retreat, VAMARGARET CLARKE MORING..........................Richmond, VATERRY DOWNS NELSON........................................Memphis, TNSHIRLEY CARTER OLSSON.................................West Point, VAHERBERT MASON RICHARDSON, JR. ...............Louisville, KYPATSY LUCAS SCHWANINGER ....................Broken Arrow, OKEDWIN MAC SMITH ...............................................Ranburne, ALJAMES EDWELL BROWN (JEB) STUART, IV ...Richmond, VADOROTHY BUTLER TRUITT ..............................Fort Worth, TXWILLIAM BRUCE WINGO...................................Midlothian, VA


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MEMBERSHIP PINS CUFF LINKSMEDALS POCAHONTAS MEDALLIONS

MEMBERSHIP CERTIFICATE 400TH ANNIVERSARY PINSRESEARCH BOOKS ANCESTOR BARS

TIES and ROSETTES LINEAGE PAPERSPORTCULLIS LAPEL PIN BRONZE MARKERS

JAMESTOWN BELL ORNAMENT NOTE CARDSCHURCH AND STATE BOOK BARRACKS LAPEL PIN

400TH COMMEMORATIVE DVD STILL AVAILABLE

The November 2017 Register of Qualified Ancestors sells for$10. It contains books the Society recommends for research, thelist of ancestors who have been removed, problem lines ofdescent and listing of 17th Century ancestors and number ofmembers who descend from them.

Documents

Secrets Vault - Jamestowne Society