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This is a repository copy of Service design tools for stakeholder dialogue and youth empowerment in Africa.
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Proceedings Paper:Miettinen, S, Tang, T orcid.org/0000-0002-5410-7271, Remotti, S et al. (4 more authors) (2018) Service design tools for stakeholder dialogue and youth empowerment in Africa. In: Proceedings of the 2018 Cumulus Association Conference. 2018 Cumulus Association Conference: To Get There - Designing Together, 11-13 Apr 2018, Paris, France. Cumulus Association .
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Servicedesigntoolsforstakeholder
dialogueandyouthempowermentin
AfricaSatuMiettinen
1,TangTang
2,SilviaRemotti
3,EmanuelaDelfino
4,
BruttoFrancesco5,DammannJulia
6,AlonsoSara
7
1FacultyofArtandDesign,UniversityofLapland,Finland,[email protected],Leeds,UK,[email protected]
3PACODesignCollaborative,Italy,[email protected]
4PACODesignCollaborative,Italy,[email protected]
5PACODesignCollaborative,Italy,[email protected]
6SouthAfricanSanInstitute,SouthAfrica,[email protected]
7PACODesignCollaborative,Italy,[email protected]
Abstract: The aim of this paper is to present a servicemodel andmethods that
enable empowerment and action in the context of the San youth. Their
stakeholdershaveanextremelyimportantroleinbothprovidingservicesaswellas
lobbying for their cause to improve the situation in the local context.When the
public service production does not have vast resources available the role of civil
societyandnon-governmentalorganisationsbecomemoreandmoreimportant in
theserviceproductionaswellas intheservicedelivery.Further, it isfundamental
todevelopmeansforlocaldialoguethatenablescommunicationbetweendifferent
stakeholdersandtheSanyouth.Thispaperfocusesonservicedesignandcreative
methodologiesthatcanbeutilizedforcreatingwellbeingatthelocallevelinSouth
Africa and Namibia. Service design has become an important tool for creating
insights and understanding over complex societal challenges and finding new
solutions for underserved and marginalized communities. It is looking at service
design as a platform to create both foresight and solution-oriented process to
create dynamic capabilities through local dialogue in response to the needs of
underservedcommunities.
Theme:Innovation.
Keywords: service design, participatory design, dialogue, youth
empowerment,grassrootsinnovation
1.IntroductionParticipatoryDevelopmentwithYouth(PARTY)projectandservicedesignmethodologyhavehelped
in“givingavoice”tothemarginalizedyouthinAfrica.PARTYprojectisaresearchandresearcher
mobilityprojectfundedbyMCSARISEHorizon2020programfocusingonparticipatorydevelopment
withindigenousSanyouth.Researchcollaborationincludesstakeholdersfromboththeacademia
UniversityofLapland,UniversityofLeeds,CapePeninsulaUniversityofTechnologyandNamibia
2
UniversityofScienceandTechnologyandthethirdsector.Especiallythethirdsectororganisations
havebeenactiveintheproject.TheseorganisationsincludeSouthAfricanSanInstitute(SASI),
!KhwattuinSouthAfricaandPACODesignCollaborativeinItaly.
EmpowermenthasbeenrecognisedbyWorldBank(2000)asoneofthethreepillarsofpoverty
reductionandthesubjectofdebatewithinthedevelopmentcommunity.Thisresearchinvestigates
howparticipatoryservicedesignprocessworksasaninnovationcatalystforyouthempowermentin
Africa.Throughcasestudies,weillustratehowparticipatoryservicedesignenablesandcreatesthe
localdialoguebetweentheyouthandtheirstakeholders.ThroughservicedesignworkshopsPARTY
projecthelpedyouthinNamibiaandSouthAfricatoidentifytheproblemssuchaslowself-esteem,
poorliteracyskillsandlackofwater,developnewsolutionstoaddresstheseproblemsandpresent
thefinaloutcomestolocalstakeholders.Servicedesignprocessenabledtheyouthtodevelopa
dialoguewiththelocalstakeholders.Thesestakeholdersoftenleavetheyouthasidefromthe
decision-makingprocess.Atthesametime,theprocesshelpedtheyouthtoincreasetheirself-
esteem.Theyouthfelthelpfultotheircommunitiesandproudtobelistenedbythelocal
stakeholders.
Servicedesignisatooltodeveloppublic-privatepartnershipsandcreatenewserviceofferingsto
bothaccommodatecitizen’sneedsandcreatecompetitivesocialcapitalforthecommunities.The
valueofservicedesignincreatinglocaldialogueisinitsabilitytoconcretiseabstractcontextsand
supporttheideationandconceptualisationprocesses,aswellasinitssupportfortheinnovation
process.OneofthefocusesinPARTYprojectistoofferpracticalframeworksandtoolsthatenable
designers,researchersandpractitionerstounderstandandmanagecomplexsocietaldevelopment
processeswherethedialoguebetweendifferentstakeholdersandtheyouthisneeded.InPARTY
project,arangeofvisual,performativeandstorytellingtoolshavebeenadapted,developedand
testedthroughdesignpractice.Thesearedevelopedfurtherasatoolforcreatinglocaldialogue.
Beingconcernedforthesocietyisnotanewphenomenonamonglocaldevelopersanddesigners,
butthereisanevidentneedtoshiftthefocusfromthesingleissueofdesigners’ordevelopers’
responsibilitiesandtaskstowardstakingamoreholisticapproachtosociallyresponsibledesign,
creatinglocaldialogueanddiscussinghowthiscancontributetothecapabilitiesofcommunities.
Howisitpossiblethroughlocaldialoguetodeconstructpreconceivedideasabouthowthingsshould
bedoneandtogeneratenewsolutionsthatcouldeventuallytransformandchangesociety?
2.Researchmethodology
ThedevelopmentofthePARTYmodelandmethodsforlocaldialogueisbasedonconstructivedesign
researchwhichisdefinedas:“designresearchinwhichconstruction–beitproduct,system,space,
ormedia–takescenterplaceandbecomesthekeymeansinconstructingknowledge”(Koskinenet
al.,2011,p5).Koskinenetal.(2011)arguethatdesignresearchersneedmethodologicaland
theoreticalflexibilityanddiscussthatdesigncanbestudiedinthreecontexts:thelab,thefieldand
theshowroom.Eachofthesecontextsischaracterisedbytheirownresearchcultureadaptedfrom
otherresearchtraditions:thenaturalsciences,socialsciencesandart.Constructivedesignresearch
ismanywaysconnectedtoresearchthroughdesign(e.g.Zimmermanetal.,2010,Frayling,1993),
whereresearchanddesignprocessesaresimultaneous/overlappingandresearchprojectsemerge
fromandwithdesignpractice.Designresearchersasconstructivistsconductingresearchthrough
designpracticeseektoexplainthemeaningofthesubjectbyartisticallyand/orcreativelymaking
objects,interventions,processesetc.
ServicedesigntoolsforstakeholderdialogueandyouthempowermentinAfrica
3
InPARTYproject,themodelsandmethodshavebeendeveloped,experimented,testedand
discussedthroughdesignsessions,workshopsandengagementswiththeSanyouthandtheir
stakeholders.Aseriesofservicedesignworkshopsandstakeholdermappingsessionshavebeen
developedandconductedwiththesupportfromtheresearchcollaborationwhichincludes
stakeholdersfromboththeacademia(UniversityofLapland,UniversityofLeeds,CapePeninsula
UniversityofTechnologyandNamibiaUniversityofScienceandTechnology)andthethirdsector.
Especiallythethirdsectororganisationshavebeenactiveintheproject,whichincludeSouthAfrican
SanInstitute(SASI)and!KhwattuinSouthAfrica,andPACODesignCollaborativeinItaly.PARTY
researcherscreateandadaptartisticandcreativetoolsandmethodsbasedontheskillsand
capacitiesofthedesignfield.ThentheyworkasfacilitatorsinthefieldwheretheSanyouthcould
recognisetheirowncapabilitiesandskillsandutilizetoolsandmethodstocreateadialoguewiththe
stakeholdersandcommunity.Theoutcomes“dialogues”co-createdbyparticipantse.g.intheform
ofperformance,pitch,exhibitions,etc.giveassociationstotheshowroom.InthePARTYcase,the
fieldandtheshowroomareinfluencedbyartisticandcreativemovementsintheparticipatorydesign
activities,whichhelpresearcherstounderstanddesignresearchasanintentionalbyproductofwhat
designersdonaturallyinprototypedesign.Prototypeshereincludeboth“dialogues”-asaformof
tangibleoutcomesfromparticipatorydesignactivitiestobeusedtoconnectwiththestakeholders,
andabductivereasoning(Peirce,1958),e.g.empiricalfindings,ideas,knowledge-asaformof
abstractprototypestobetestedanddebatedaccordingtotheirrelevanceandimportanceto
practice,academiaandpracticabilityorfeasibilityofdesignandresearchactivities.Theprocessof
making,designing(Zimmermanetal.,2010)andprototypinginthiscaseenablesmoreclearly
articulatedresearchquestionsaswellasamoredetaileddescriptionoftheplanningandexecution
oftheresearchproject.
3.EmpowermentladderTheSanyouthisnotahomogenousgroupinallaspectsbutdependingonthecontext(SouthAfrica,
Namibia)theyouthhavedifferentlocalchallenges.WhereassomeSanyouthgroupsareworking
withyouthwhoarealreadyinthevocationaltrainingoruniversityeducation,somegroupslocatedin
moreruralcontextstrugglewithcompletingtheprimaryeducation(Tsumkwe)(Hays,2011).For
developingempowermentladderthatwouldenablestakeholderdialogue,thebaseoftheladder
needstobewellestablished(Saugestad,2006).PARTYempowermentladderaddressesboththe
challengesinthedevelopmentofthebaseoftheladderthatfocusesontheneedsfordeveloping
interventionstoreducedropoutsintheprimaryeducation,aswellasthestepsthatwouldenable
stakeholderdialogueatthelocallevel(Brown&Haihambo,2015).InthebaseofthePARTY
empowermentladdertheretheneedsoftheSanyouthwhoareengagedintheprimaryeducation.
DrawingfromRocha’s(1997)ladderofempowerment,thePARTYprojecthasdevelopedan
empowermentprocessthataddressestheSanyouth’sneedsandusesservicedesignapproachto
enablingthelocaldialogue.BasedontheworkconductedwithSanyouthgroupsandaseriesof
servicedesignworkshopsthathaveenabledlocaldialogues,thejourneytakenbytheSanyouth
creatingthelocaldialogueissummarisedbelow:
1. Participatinginaservicedesignworkshoptodefineandconcretisethelocal
challenges;
2. Participatinginastakeholdermappingsessiontoidentifytherightchannelsforthe
dialogueandcontactrelevantstakeholdersthatshouldbeinvolved;
3. Participatinginservicedesignworkshopstodevelopthecontentofthedialogue
through:
4
a)learningtopresentthelocalchallengeinaconcreteform,forexample,invisualor
conceptformat;andb)learningtoideate,conceptualiseandcreateastrategyto
implementtheproposedsolution
4. Participatinginthepitchingevent,exhibitionorperformancetodiscussandgain
comments/feedbackfromthestakeholders
Table1.PARTYempowermentladder
PARTYempowerment
ladder
Servicedesigncase Servicedesign
tools
Powerexperienceand
locusofempowerment
(basedon1997)
1.Discover:Identifying
andverbalizinglocal
challenge,discoveryour
abilityandcourageto
collaborativeaction
Creatingasocial
sculpture/NUU
languageschool
Upington
GRACEmodel,
Poster,design
activism(artivism),
photography,
collaborativeand
participatory
workshops
Dailylivingskills
Self-help
Personalsatisfaction
Support
Individual
2.Communicate:Createa
messageandastoryline,
communicatethrough
expandednetworksand
socialmedia
Messagetothe
Future/Nuu
languageschool
Upington
GRACEmodel
Video,storytelling
Self-help
Personalsatisfaction
Support
Individual
3.Impact:Developingan
informeddecision,
developingavoiceand
sharedmessagewiththe
community,makingan
impactonthecommunity
·Trainingthe
trainers,!Khwattu
·Radioprogram
XKfm,Platfontein
·Developingethical
protocol
Co-design,
experimenting,
video,
broadcasting
Knowledgeand
informationforproper
decisionmaking
Individualdevelopment
Moralizedaction
Individual/community
4.Stakeholderdialogue-CaseRadioX-KFM,alocalradiostationinPlatfonteinManyofthePARTYactivitiesarebasedonyouthandstakeholderengagementandgenerating
dialogueandthuslearningabouteachothers’situationsandlearning.PARTYprojectisfocusingon
methodsthatenableempathy,understandingofthereal-lifesituationandabilitytocontextualise
thechallengesthattheparticipantshave.Inthestakeholderengagementsanddialogue,therehasto
beenoughdiversitytoenablemulti-vocalityandheterogeneitytoincludevarietyanddiversityof
voices.
“Diversityinstakeholderdialogueisstronglylinkedtotheconceptof‘learning’.
Learningisafrequentlyusedconceptinstudiesonparticipationinrelationto
innovationprocessesandsustainability.Inastakeholderdialogue,learningtakes
placethroughtheinteractionwithotheractors.Thishasbeenreferredtoas‘social
learning’insocialpsychology,theideathatinteractionbetweenpeoplewith
differentperspectivescanleadtotheemergenceofnewinsights.”(Cuppen2012)
ServicedesigntoolsforstakeholderdialogueandyouthempowermentinAfrica
5
InPARTYprojectdialoguebetweenstakeholdersisneededtoenablelearning,empathyand
empowerment.Theprojectfocusesonstudyinghowservicedesignandcreativemeanscanbeused
toenablethisdialogue.Howvisualisationandstorytellingmethodscanenablelearning,empathy
andcommunicationbetweenstakeholders?Throughdialogueitispossibletounderstandagencyand
capacityforinitiatingandmaintainingcollaborationandtechnologicalorsocialchange,thusidentify
theopportunitiestodevelopservicedesignmethodsanddesignservicesthatsupportthedialogue.
InMarch2017aseriesofmeetingsandworkshopswereplannedbyPACODesignCollaborative,
SouthAfricanSanInstitute(SASI)andtheUniversityofLeedstoidentifyparticipantsfromtheRadio
staffandfromtheSanYouthcommunitytoparticipateintheproject.Theseactivitiesweredirected
tounderstandthepotentialoftheprojectandtheintentionoftheSanYouthtoparticipate.
Moreover,aseriesofinformationwascollectedabouttheactualprogrammingatX-KFMradio,the
listenersandtheroleoftheradioineverydaylifeofthecommunity.Theworkshopsrevealedthat
“theyouthsandtheaudiencedemonstrateprideinhavingalocalcommunityradio,butalsofeltnot
verymuchinvolvedandwereactuallyquiteafraidoftellinguswhattheythoughtofit,fearingto
upsetsomebodyfromthecommunity”(participatingSanyouth).Thegoaloftheseworkshopswasto
enabletheYouthfromthecommunitytoproduceandbroadcastaprogramonX-KFMRadio.
InApril2017aseriesofworkshopshelpedtheyouthtodesignanddeveloptheprototypeofaradio
programtoberunbytheyouthofthecommunitywiththehelpoftheradiostaff.Theaimofthe
workshopswastoprovideparticipantswithbasicknowledgeonhowtostructureaprogramand
generateprogrammecontent,startingfromtopicsthatcameoutfrompreviousworkshopsinMarch
2017.Attheendofthefirstworkshop,theparticipantssimulatedthebroadcastoftheradioprogram
accordingtothetopicstheyexplored.Theideabehindthisactivity,evenifthecontentswerenot
deeplyexplored,wastoendtheworkshopwithapracticaloutcome,anaudiofileoftheprogram
recordedonamobilephone.Inthesecondworkshop,participantsweredividedintothreegroups
andgeneratedthreeproposalsfortheradioprogramstartingfromthegiventopics:Lifestyle,Culture
andEducation,andEmployment.Theparticipantsformalisedtheprogramin10-15minutes,they
definedtheformattheywantedtoapply,theywrotedownthescript,andbytheendofthedaythey
recordedtheprogramme.Themainresultsoftheworkshoparetherecordingofthreeradio
programsthatlasts10or15minutes.Theyouthshadtheopportunitytoworktogetherwithandgain
feedbackfromtheCommunityradiostaffandrecordtheprogrammegeneratedwithprofessional
equipment.
6
Figure1.Workshopsession-Sanyouthdesigningnewradioprograms.Platfontein,April2017.
InNovember2017,theradiostaffsuggestedtointegratetopicsandrelatedcontentsgeneratedfrom
theworkshopssofarintotheirexistingprograms,ratherthanco-creatingabrandnewprogramwith
theyouths.Thiswasthebestpossiblesolution,becauseanewindependentprogrammustbe
approvedbySouthAfricanBroadcastingCorporation(SABC)whoownandmanageX-KFMradio.At
thesametimeintegratingtheworkoftheyouthintoexistingradioprogramswasmorefeasiblein
termsofcommitmentandeconomicfinances.X-KFMradioisalwayslookingforthecontentand
topicsthatwouldraisemoreinterestwithinthecommunityandthisopportunitymatcheswiththeir
goalandvision:toupliftandempowertheSANcommunity.Therefore,theprojectfocusshiftedfrom
creatinganindependentprogrammetoco-designingaplatform/service/initiativethatwould
facilitatetheyouthinvolvementandparticipationinthecollaborationwiththeRadiostation.The
aimofthisintegratedyouthradioinitiativewastostrengthenthedialoguebetweentheyouthsand
thecommunity,givingvoicetotheyouthsthroughX-KFMcommunityradio.Afurtheraimisalsoto
createopportunitiesfortheyouthtogetbothexposureandtrainingsothattolearnnewskillsand
knowledgeusefulfortheirfutureemployment.
Toinvestigatetheinterestsoftheyouthsincollaboratingwiththeradio,questionnaireswas
distributedtotheyouthinthecommunitythroughworkshopparticipantswhocamebackafterafew
dayswiththeresults.Fourquestionsaskedwere:1.Age;2.WouldyouliketohaveasayintheX-K
FMRadioprogram?Yes/no?Why?3.Ifyes-HowwouldyouletX-KFMknowyourideas?4.Which
rolewouldyouliketohavewhenworkingwithX-KFM?
Among65questionnaireparticipantss,nearlytwothirdoftheonesbelow18yearsoldsaidthatthey
wouldliketocollaboratewiththeradio,and32of37participantsagesbetween18and27saidthat
theywouldalsobeinterestedincollaboration.Theanswerswereputinthreeconcentriccircles
inspiredbytheGoldenCirclemethodologyofSinek(2011):Why,How,What.Theycameupwith
eightideasofcollaboration:1.Event2.Contentcontribution3.Internship/Trainingprogram4.Open
micsforyouth5.Youthsplaylistondemand(Musicandtopics)6.Quiz&Competitionsforyouths7.
Shoutouts8.ManagementoftheFacebookpage.
ServicedesigntoolsforstakeholderdialogueandyouthempowermentinAfrica
7
Theradiostaffwasalsoaskedtocompleteaquestionnairethataimstoinvestigatetheirinterestsin
involvingtheyouthsintheradioprogramactivities,andidentifythemostappropriatemodality.
Mainquestionsaskedwere:1.Roleintheradio;2.WouldyoulikethattheX-KFMRadiocollaborate
withtheSanyouth?Yes/no?Why?3.Ifyes-WhatdoyouthinkSanyouthcanbringtotheradio?4.
HowwouldyouthinkthiscollaborationbetweenX-KFMandyouthcouldbedone(E.g.
Communicationchannels)?
TheanswersgatheredfromthestaffquestionnairewerealsomappedontotheGoldenCircle.The
staff’sGoldenCirclewascomparedwiththeyouth’sCircledevelopedpreviously.Thecomparison
leadstoarangeofideasforpossiblecollaborations.Thenaworkshopwasrun,wheretheSanyouth
andRadiostaffvotedfortheirfavouriteideaandworkedtogethertodesignacollaborationsystem.
Todefinethedetailsofthesystem,aresourceblueprinttoolwasusedtogeneratealistofactions,
stakeholdersandresourcesneeded.ThroughPARTYproject,acollaborationhasbeeninitiatedand
setupbetweentheRadioandtheSanyouthinPlatfontein,ifapprovedbySABC,theimplementation
willstartinFebruary2018.
Figure2.Workshopsession–GoldenCircledevelopedbytheyouth.Platfontein,November2017.
ThisisaninitiativetosupportthecollaborationbetweentheSanyouthandtheradiostaff.Through
thisinitiativetheyouthwouldhavea“voice”inthelocalmedia,learnnewskillsandgetexposure
andexperience,allofwhichareimportantfortheirfutureemployment.
InordertofacilitatetheimplementationofthecollaborationbetweentheRadioStaffandtheyouth,
PARTYresearcherspresentedatoolbookdevelopedbyPARTYprojectwhichisacollectionofthe
8
toolsadapted,createdandtestedduringinthefirsttwoyearsandahalfoftheproject.asapractical
manualforplanningandorganisingworkshops.Togetherwiththetoolbook,ashortvideowas
producedtoshowhowthetoolbookhasbeenusedinpractice.Thesetoolshelpedandwillfurther
supportthedialogueandcollaborationbetweentheyouthandradiostafftoco-createthecontents
oftheRadio.
5.DiscussionandmainfindingsPARTYprojectfocusesoninvestigatingtheuseofservicedesignincreatingthelocaldialogue.The
roleoflocalorganisationsisimmenselyimportantinthisaswellasthelocalcontextual
understandingandtherespecttotheSanyouth,theircommunityandtraditionandcontemporary
culture.Servicedesignmethodsenablecreatingholisticunderstandingoflocalcontextaswellasto
challengesboththelocalorganisationsaswellastheSanyouthandtheircommunitiesencounter.
Servicedesigncreatesunderstandingabouttheconceptsrelatedtolocalempowerment.Meaningful
encounteringwithpurposeandactionaresomethingthatallstakeholdersarereachingout.Tools
andtrainingarethemeansforcreatingcapacitiesthatenabledialogue.InthecaseofPARTYproject,
thisfocusesonservicedesignandtheuseofartandcreativetoolstocreatebothcapacitiesand
meaningfulaction.
ThePARTYprocessandempowermentladderutilizeartisticandservicedesignmethodsinorderto
empowertheyouthandcreatethelocaldialogues.Themainprerequisiteforenablinglocaldialogue
isindiscoverone'sselfawareness,worthinessandsenseofselfprideaswellasabilityandcourage
tocollaborativeaction.Wedevelopartisticandcreativetoolsandmethodssothattheparticipation
becomesmoreaccessibleandattractiveforalltheusergroupsandparticipants,irrespectiveof
educationlevelorexperience.Thefeelingsofpoweraregainedthroughself-controlandrecognition
oftheimportanceofresourcesavailableinthesurroundingenvironmentatthe‘individual
empowerment’levelinRocha’sladder.Wealsoexperimenttheconventionaldesignskill,
prototypingasthestrengthofthedesignapproachthathelpstheyouthdevelopabetterknowledge
forproblem-solvingandactionplangeneration.Fromtheselfawarenessofthesingularpersonto
thecollaborativeawarenessoftheSanyouth;apositiveupgradethatpushtheyouthtobecome
agentsofchangeintheircommunities.Agroupofpeoplewhosharethesamelifechallenges/wishes
isabletoexpressmorecomplexsolutionsthanayouthalone.Atthesametimebeingagentof
changeintheirhomecommunityputthemselvesinaprominentroleinfrontoftherestofthe
communitymembersbutevenmoreimportantinfrontofthelocalstakeholderswhorecognisethe
importantactiveroleoftheyouth.InNamibia,forexample,wehavebeenabletoorganizeapublic
pitchwheretheSanyouthofWindhoekhavepresentedtolocalstakeholdersthenewconcepts
designedduringtheservicedesignworkshopsandtheresultwasreallypositive:fromonesidethe
youthfeltproudtohaveavoiceinthedevelopmentoftheircommunityandfromtheothersidethe
stakeholdersgavepositivesuggestionsonhowtoimplementsimpleconceptsintopilotprojects.
Togetherwiththat,bothstakeholdersandyouthrecognizedtheservicedesignmethodashelpfulin
leadingthecreativeprocessofindividualsandgroupswhoneverdidsomethingsimilarbefore.The
pitchhasbeenalsoanimportanteventthatenabledthedialoguebetweentheSanyouthandthe
localstakeholderswhodefinedthemselvesinterestedinbeingupdatedonthefuturedevelopments
oftheconcepts.
ThemainimpactofPARTYprojectisindiscoveryphasewherethemainfocusisonuseofservice
designandcreativemethodologiesforsupportingself-helpandindividualgrowthaswellasproblem-
solvingskillsthatsupportsolutionorientations.Thiswasdemonstratedespeciallyintheservice
designworkshopsfacilitatedbyPACODesignCollaborative.
ServicedesigntoolsforstakeholderdialogueandyouthempowermentinAfrica
9
Theshorttermimpactwouldlayinthediscussionsandengagementactivitieswiththestakeholders
raisingawarenessoftheissuesandchallengesoftheSanyouth.Developmentoftheframework,
processandPARTYempowermentarekeystomorelongtermimpactandmeansforcreatingmore
structuralchange.Raisingawarenessanddialoguearekeystopolicychange.Thiswouldneedmore
timeandlargescalelocalandnationaleffort.
Duringtheresearchithasbeennoticedthatinordertohavepositiveresultsusingservicedesign
methodsisreallyimportantthattheresearchersusetheappropriateapproach.Designingandusing
thepropertoolsisimportantbutpresentingthetoolswiththesuitableapproachisessentialinorder
tohaveasuccessfulworkshop.Toworkwithamarginalisedcommunitymeansfirstofalltocreatea
commongroundwheredifferentcultures,differentsetsofbehaviours,symbolsandbeliefsmeet,
avoidingmisunderstanding.ApracticaltoolbookhasbeencreatedbyPARTYresearcherswiththe
aimofbeingusedtoorganizeandrunworkshopswithmarginalizedcommunitiesandmorein
specificwiththeSancommunity.Thebookisstructuredindifferentchaptersandonechapterisfully
dedicatedtotheengagingphase,anditcollectsaseriesofbehaviors/rulesimportanttoknowbefore
startingtoworkwiththeSanyouth.Thechapterhasbeendevelopedwithalocalassociation
workingwiththeSan(SASI)andananthropologist.Havingalocalpartnerduringtheworkshop
sessionisalsoreallyimportantbecausetheyareculturaltranslatorsofthelocalculture.Forfuture
researchers,especiallyfordesignresearcherswhoarenotusedtoworkwithmarginalized
communitiesithasrecommendedtounderstandin-depththeappropriateapproachtouse.
AcknowledgementsThisprojecthasreceivedfundingfromtheEuropeanUnion’sHorizon2020researchandinnovation
programmeundertheMarieSkłodowska-CuriegrantagreementNo645743.
TheauthorsthankReginaBereghoandX-KFMstaffandSareyMunawgoandPlatfonteinYouth
whoseparticipationmadethecasestudypossible.
AuthorshipSMandTTpreparedthemanuscript,SRparticipatedinthewritingoftheradiocaseandED,EF,DJandAS
workedontheradiocasewiththeyouthandradiostaff.
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