WELCOME

VEGETABLE SEED INDUSTRYIMPORTANCE, CONSTRAINTS & FUTURE

THRUST

PRESENTED BY:

NIROJ KUMAR JENA

ADM NO. -05SST/12

INTRODUCTIONSEED- True seed is a fertilized mature ovule having a embryo, food material (endosperm) & a protective covering (seed coat).

INDUSTRY-Industry is the production of an economic good or service within an economy.

SEED holds the key for increased productivity. Coupled with biotechnology and other crop improvement technologies, seeds offer tremendous opportunity for improving the productivity of Indian Agriculture.

Seeds are one of the least expensive but most important factors influencing yield potential.

India currently produces vegetables on nearly 8 million hectares and about 30% of this area is covered with hybrid varieties.

ROLE OF IMPROVED SEEDSCarrier of new technology

Basic tool for a secure food supply

The principle means to obtain crop yields in less favorable production area

Medium for rapid rehabilitation of agriculture after natural disasters.

IMPORTANCE OF HIGH QUALITY SEED

They are genetically pure (true to type).

The good quality seed has high return per unit area

Less infestation of land with weed seed/other crop seeds.

Less disease and insect problem.

Uniform in plant population and maturity.

The quality seed respond well to the applied fertilizers and nutrients.

Good seed prolongs life of a variety.

They are vigorous, free from pests and disease.

High produce value and their marketability.

Crop raised with quality seed are aesthetically pleasing.

PRESENT STATUS OF VEGETABLE SEED INDUSTRY

Indian seed Industry is one of the most mature and vibrant one in the world currently occupying the 6th position with nearly 9000 Crore turnover.

Hybrid seed production in crops like tomato, hot pepper, sweet pepper, brinjal and okra is a highly labour and capital-intensive activity.

Private sector is contributing 60% by value and 40 % by volume in organized seed sector.

During the past 5 years the Indian Seed Industry has been growing at a CAGR of 12% compared to global growth of 6-7%.

Indian Seed Industry is poised to grow at a CAGR of 17% for next 4 years. By 2014, India will rank at No 3 or 4 in the Global Seed Business.

India is the second largest producer of vegetables in the world, next only to China, with an estimated production of about 130 million tons from an area of 8.0 million hectares.

The trade liberalization policy in the 1990s encouraged the entrance of large multinational and national seed companies.

Now there are over 200 companies involved in vegetable seed cultivation operating in India

AREA UNDER HYBRID VEGETABLE SEED INDUSTRY IN INDIA(2009-10) BASED ON

STATE

SEED PRODUCTION FOR DIFFERENT HYBRID VEGETABLE SEED CROPS(2009-10)

ROLE OF PUBLIC SECTOR Market for low value high volume seeds of cereals,

pulses and oilseeds is still dominated by the public sector seed corporations.

At present    15 State Seeds Corporation and 2 National level seeds Corporations e.g.National Seeds Corporation of India & State Farms Corporation of India are functioning in the country.

Besides, significant quantities of seeds are also produced by the State Departments of Agriculture, where the State Seeds corporations are not in existence.

ROLE OF PRIVATE SECTORAt present, the number of companies engaged in seed production or seed trade is of the order of 400 or 500.

Private sector companies have a significant place mainly in the case of maize and sunflower and cotton.

In the case of vegetable seeds and planting materials of horticultural crops, the private sector is the dominant player

However, the main focus of private seed companies has been on the high value low volume seeds

THE CONTRIBUTION OF PRIVATE SECTOR SEED COMPANIES IN TOTAL SEED PRODUCTION OF

THE COUNTRY

CATEGORIES OF PRIVATE SEED INDUSTRY

A. Local companies dealing predominantly with open pollinated varieties .

B. Indian companies marketing hybrids sourced from abroad

C. Indian companies developing, producing and marketing hybrids .

D. Foreign Companies (JVs of subsidiaries) have R&D, production and marketing outfits .

E. Foreign companies marketing their products developed abroad.

The names of top 10 companies which control more than 80% of the vegetable seed market are Syngenta, Nunhems, Namdhari, Bejo Sheetal, Mahyco,Seminis, Advanta, Vibha, US Agri and Ankur.

Syngenta ,Nunhems, Bejo Sheetal , Seminis,Advanta and US Agri are multinational companies .

Namdhari, Ankur , Vibha are leading Indian companies. Mahyco has a joint venture partnership with Monsanto.

Vegetable seed production in India is largely concentrated in three states namely Karnataka(southern India), Maharashtra, (eastern/central India), and Gujarat(western India).

The seed companies have several direct and indirect benefits of marketing F1 hybrid vegetable varieties .

Advanced plant breeding techniques

Wide range of pollination systems.

Low seed rate

Built-in protection of hybrids

100% Seed Replacement

Negligible scope of degeneration

OPEN POLLINATED SEED MARKET - A SHIFT FROM FARMER SAVED SEEDS

The open pollinated seed market in India is presently estimated to be around $ 118million.

Local and unidentified varieties, referred to as farmer saved seeds, even now occupy large areas.

These estimates are as high as 30 to 50% of the total area in chilli pepper, cauliflower and eggplant, 15 to 20% of the area in tomato and okra, and above 60% of the area in melons.

In this class of seeds, cucumber ranks first among the crops in seed sales ($ 14.34 million),followed by onion ($ 12.30 million) and okra ($ 9.85 million).

Among the imported seeds sold coriander ($ 16.33 million) and carrots ($ 15.99 million) are valued higher than all others.

VEGETABLE HYBRIDS - MARKET SEGMENTS & SUCCESSES

Today the hybrid vegetable seed industry in India is estimated to be $40 million.

Tomato occupies nearly 20% of this, followed closely by okra and cabbage .

Among the hybrid seeds sold, almost the entire quantity of cabbage is imported followed by cauliflower (70%).

Other major imports include chilli and capsicum hybrid seeds.

The area under hybrids in cabbage, tomato and watermelon is estimated to be in excess of 50% of the total area under the respective crops.

FACTORS AFFECTING SEED MARKETING

Clear-cut policy

Availability of well-identified and

adapted varieties.

Adequate production.

Official programme.

Demand forecast.

Transport, and storage arrangements.

Nature of product.

Quality control programme.

Publicity.

Financial rewards.

CONSTRAINTS FOR VEGETABLE SEED INDUSTRY

Inadequate & imbalance of different components required for a viable, demand responsive seed industry.

Lack of postharvest facilities & technology.

Inadequate seed technology & training to enable managers to identify problem & solutions

Weak organization of seed multiplication chain in govt. programme.

Improper monitoring & execution of seed production activity including certification & testing.

Enormous no. of vegetable variety affects proper maintenance of genetic purity.

Inadequate research on vegetable seed production technology.

Lack of manpower for inspection & certification programme.

Processing, Labeling & testing technology are insufficient.

Lack of publicity & awareness among grower.

CONSTRAINTS FACED BY SEED INDUSTRY FOR HYBRID SEED PRODUCTION

Non-availability of parental line of good hybrid seed.

Expansive & inadequate production technology

No quality control for seed sold by authorized seed sellers.

Absence of practical training facility.

No regulation of sell of seeds.

Lack of incentives to breeders.

Lack of incentives to public sector.

Inadequate research on hybrid seed production of vegetables.

FUTURE STRATEGY OR THE WAY FORWARD

Quality control should be strictly followed. Development of well-understood production

technology. Provision of price support to seed

producers. Collaboration between private &public

sector is the need of the hour. Improvement In Seed Replacement Rate(SRR)

Strong farmer’s co-operative or association.

More, better processing facility.

Effective human resource development.

Formulation of national vegetable seed policy.

Seed village concept should be highlighted.

Publicity & demonstration should be properly organized.

Development/Identificationof suitable varieties/hybrids in important vegetable crops for protected cultivation and for organic farming conditions.

Standardization of agro techniques in important vegetable crops for protected cultivation and for organic farming conditions.

On farm demonstrations of improved agro techniques and the techniques for growing of vegetable crops.

Permission for transgenic plant varieties mof vegetable crops.

Promotion of domestic seed industry.

Strict implementation and monitoring of the National Seeds Policy.

Steps to taken for easy export & import of vegetable seed.

CONCLUSION Seeds are the germ of life, a beginning and end, the fruit of yesterday’s harvest and the promise of tomorrow’s” (Freeman, O L).

Promotion of seed industrty is the way forward to start the second green revolution in india & the dream of hunger free india can be made possible.

THANK YOU