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ì”0§v˛c$xX@àkʦéêÚUmšûDÚUš5°|−„
Coherent control of laser-induced
plasma waveguides and plasma waves
by spatial-temporal femtosecond
waveform shaping
February 19, 2002
ñ “
1 ¬ A‹D*��Ü 1
1.1 A`�q?�òŠ0�s0§Ê¦Í$ . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 ʦ��Ú䋧 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.3 Xmʦ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2 ŸÜ� j¶� Dñ™ 10
2.1 ʦ0§˛Èš$DóP−„ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2.2 ÚUmšûíßÞD¿¾ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.3 ʦ0§vÈš$DóP−„ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
2.4 ÚUší��D¿¾ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
2.5 Xmʦí��D¿¾ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
2.6 û˝j¶DÏW¥� . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
3 ã‚êA�TáñDA‹ 22
3.1 �ø�ã‚êA�Táñ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
3.2 �ù�ã‚êA�Táñ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
3.3 �ú�ã‚êA�Táñ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
3.4 ã‚A‹ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
3.5 ¡D�TAº5o* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
i
1
¬ A‹D*��Ü
1.1 A`�q?�òŠ0�s0§Ê¦Í$
¡��Vì”ʦ�xí0§ª�, ˛UwAÑrÖû˝ä�F.ªCÿí�x, …
.cAѪ«Ý(4mçJ£vÈj&m$çí!�, ÊrÖhíû˝ä�y�I
A˚æí@à, Wà‚�ä¦m [1, 2]� Ÿ…�šmÚäç [3, 4]� �!Z`¨ [5, 6,7]� Ömäé�X��� |¡ì”ʦyu\ê�TÑ�üä0� [8, 9, 10], àV�
£|�üíŸä&d [11, 12]�
Í7ì”�xíà‰.cÊkw�svÈ��, yÊkw�òª¼Š0� ‚à
ä�GʦÓï�”J£Ê¦nä0§[×xX, ßÞª¼Š0ò®b�q?ƒì
q?íʦ0§˛AѪ?, �ÿ5(wm#�ªJ�¬ 1020 W/cm2� Ê¥ó#í
mÒ5-, Ó”Dmí>�Tஃ¬ *„?D«Øí1ä, Ĥì”�xˆ�7
ÓÜû˝íä�1/ßÞ¬ ØJ;dí@à� Wàò�äßÞ [13]� A,�X ¦
(ʦ [14, 15, 16]� ÚUš�Ú䋧 [17, 18, 19]� Ÿì”X ¦(mÄ [20, 21]�A,ÙdçJ£‹§è™D��v˛5ÓÜû˝�
ʬ ù�³Bb�ÕF�ªàí’Ä, c¯H�íiÂqe, r‰¨êAø
P�q?��òŠ0�s0§Ê¦Í$� ÓOh˛�5éêʦMø‹p, w�|
ª¼Š06M¥T¯, â 2001 � 2 ~ÈFƒ®ƒí 6 TW, Tòƒ 8 ~Mí 8TW, 7(Ê 10 ~MJ® 10 TW� wÍ$º0ÇDÎÒ~cÇ 1.1 DÇ 1.2� ¥_
ʦÍ$x� 55 fs í0§v , 550 mJ í0§?¾, ©”ꦪJ�Ÿ� 0§ú
ª® 105, ª�ÿƒ 1.5 I÷¦”(�
Ñ7?DD¥�òŠ0ʦÍ$óñ, Bbíl½7c_õð�í=1, U
wÅ�� ì�Ì?\M0ìJTòÅ‚ ì4� Ñ7−„õð�qíÖ0¾, BbÊ
õð�|p¨_q˛−«0�� Ê˛|Í$é_ò4?í HEPA ˙æ, 1/\Mõ
ð�DÕä�£í9Ï� Í(Bb¨7ø¶ 25 fs\��_î�£ù(Ti:sapphire)ʦPÓÂ, wéêmÄu5qIä5>Ÿ|¦ (Nd:YVO4) ʦ, �|ä ® 40
1
2
10-terawatt laser system block diagram
VacuumCompressor
ExperimentalChamber
Third StageAmplifier4-pass
(2.8-J, 532-nmpump)
Pockels CellPulse Cleaner
VacuumSpatial Filter
Beam Expander
Second Stage4-pass Amplifier
(450-mJ532-nm pump)
Beam Expander Energy Tuner
Spatial Filter
RegenerativeAmplifier
(20-mJ,532-nm pump)
Pulse Stretcher
FemtosecondOscillator(CW 2.5-W,
pump)532-nm
SmallSpatial Filter
optical diagnosis
Third OrderAutocorrelator
Beam ProfilerSingle-shot
FROG
AutocorrelatorSpectrometer
1.0 nJ200 ps
805 nm1.5 mJ, 200 ps
100 mJ200 ps
95 mJ200 ps
808 nm120 mJ, 190 ps
810 nm1.1 J, 200 ps
810 nm, 550 mJ55 fs, 10 TW
797 nm1.5 nJ, 25 fs
Ç 1.1: �q?�òŠ0�s0§Ê¦Í$º0Ç�
nm� âk|(bDõðÍ$©!, BbíʦÍ$̶¨Ê−ª�ífËmçA
,,7u¨ÊòQèrkËÞímçA,, ĤFUàíʦPÓÂ.âúkË�
x�GßíJ}‰� ¿t2éýBbA`íʦPÓÂüõx�iGí ì4, ©/�Tb�üvîªJ\M ìí�|, ©U6ÉÛb.ƒøüví&ˆ\ô�
wŸBb¨7 Offner triplet Z�5ÌHóÏr¥¦�0§ô� [22], ªø
ʦ0§ív …ÅB 200 ps� ¤Z�50§ô�Â.UàNŸ�¡N�mçjK,FJ.}ÄùpçÕí‡eHà7û_0§Ì¶êr9ò�
Q-VBbøu¨7ú�íʦ[×ÂV[×PÓÂí�|� ø�yÞ[
×ÂUྠ6 mm� ë� 0.25% íî�£ùÑÓï�”, 20-mJ 0§?¾5Q ÇÉùIä>¦‘ù•ù (Nd:YAG) ʦÑéêmÄ, w�|Óï® 106� ÊÜ;ín
ä0§[×Í$52, 0§ô�ÂD0§9òÂ4uêrú˚, 6ÿuÑ7…Å0
§v 7Ê0§ô�ÂqFùpíHóÏ, }Ê0§9òÂq)ƒêrí^k, U
)0§v ?D9ò�Ÿ…�p5 �Cys� Í7ÊõÒíÍ$52, âkʦ
0§.â%¬rÖmçjK, ‹, gain narrowing� gain saturation��í^@, ·}ùpçÕíHóÏ� WàyÞ[×Â5q, ʦ0§ÿ.âÖŸ¦¬Óï�”D
Pockels cell, w‡eHàø}ý�à0§í9ò� �â�|0§9òÂqmÞ5
Èí�×Di�ÖͪJ^kçÕíù¼Dú¼Hà, Oº¢}ú;0§ô�ÂD
9òÂíú˚7ùp¬Öíû¼Hà� ÊBbÍ$ò®b�K�íä 5-, ¥š
íû¼Hà}ý�à9ò0§íš$� Ñ7j²¥_½æ, BbÊql¤yÞ[
3
Ç 1.2: �q?ʦÍ$õñÎÒ�
×Â5uP5v, ‹p7ø LaFN28 ˘Ÿú, wù� ú¼HàÌÑŠM, ?D`¾
ÁýÊuP52©øB¦¬®�”Fùpíù� ú¼Hà, U)0§ô�ÂD9
òÂ5Èí.ú˚4±ƒ|Q, ùpíû¼Hà6Áƒ|ý, 7?Ê|(0§9ò
Âê�^Ë9ò0§�
ù�û¦−ʦ[×ÂJ¾ 10 mm� ò� 15 mm� ë� 0.25% íî�£ù
ÑwÓï�”, éêmÄu 450-mJ í Q ÇÉIä>¦‘ù•ùʦ, �|ÓïÑ
100� ú�û¦−ʦ[×ÂíÓï�”4u¾ 10 mm� ò� 20 mm íî�£
ù� §ÌkÛDÅ�xXíÌ„, wë�É?®ƒ 0.15%� BbUàù¶�|?¾Ñ
1.4 J í Q ÇÉIä>¦‘ù•ùʦÑwéêmÄ, �|ʦ0§?¾® 1.1 J�
âk[׬˙2 gain narrowing ^@íTà, c [×Âå�|(í0§�|ä
òüÑ 25 nm, óœkŸPÓ 40 nm ä �|Fú@ƒí 25 fs |s0§v ,[×Â�|Fú@ƒí�²”Ì|s0§v Ñ 40 fs� Êù�Dú�[×Â5
È, Bb‚à 1:3 í±ŸØ!, 1ÊÿõP0[0 sapphire �ñ`Aí‡}, d
Ñ˛È˙šÂ, �JZ¾˛È_G� Ñ7ü\[×Â�ñ\ÌGíéê, ø�yÞ
[×ÂDù�û¦−[×Âíéêʦ·Uà relay-imaging xXûp�ñ�
ʤú�ʦ[×Â5(, uBbA`í0§9òÂ, ø[×(5ʦ0§9ò
� 55 fs, �Ñ�²”Ìí 1.4 I� Ñ7fn¸;9òÂFàímÞ, ¤vm!˛Ø
�ƒ 4 cm íò�� ¹Uþ„�ÿ, 9ò(0§mÒ#�˛ò® 1012 W/cm2, Ê˛
−2fÈv˛−FùêíÝ(4^@˛—Jú;ʦm!í¹”, FJBbøcP
0§9ò¨kö˛5q, òQDõðàö˛5ó©Q�
|(Ñ7a−0§í¹”, Bb¢A`7rPíʦ0§¿¾Í$, ¨�Àê�
4
energy
standard deviation = 1%
even
ts
0.96
40
0.97 0.98 0.99 1.00
30
20
10
0
Ç 1.3: �q?ʦÍ$?¾ ì4 histogram�
ùIää0j&m• (Frequency resolved optical gating, FROG) [23, 24] àJ¿
¾�|0§ívÈš$DóP� 108�G¸ˇíú¼Aóßi [25] J¿¾0§úª�
CCD Ù�AdÍ$J¿¾0§˛È#�}0J£�ÿ¹”, ®�ʦí�|?¾
Ô †ÑÍ$� Ñ7Ê¢[×ÂÄ0§ô�.—7��, Bb6¨7ä aeÍ
$J£�_2¢v[×ÂA�~i_0�
¥cPʦÍ$íú�[×Âîql�TÊñ¸�|, U)�|?¾.§�p
?¾Déê?¾×�í�à, FJ|(í�|0§xe�ük ±1% í?¾ ì4
(Ç 1.3)� ÇÕÊvÈóP,, N¬ÌHóÏ50§ô�Â� ø�yÞ[×ÂuP
5q˘Ÿú5…ËHà^k� M¥[×5m!ò�ÁýÝ(4AóP|‰, Bbª
J)ƒ9ò� 55 fs í0§v D�cívÈóP (Ç 1.4)� |(‚àù� ú�[×
Â5Èíö˛˛È˙šÂ� \MéêʦiÞÌG}0í relay-imaging Í$, UB
b|(í�|0§6?Dxe�ÌGím!iÞJ£˛Èš‡ (Ç 1.5)� w�ÿm
#�ªò® 1019 W/cm2, ˛—JdÑ#ÒÓÜû˝í�‰�x� �Bbÿ˛‚
à¥PʦÍ$, «n7ò#�ʦ0§ÊÚU2fÈí relativistic self-guidingÛï [26]� 7¥áû˝uBb-ø¥b¨ò?ʦÚUš�Ú䋧ÂJ£−ñ
äX mʦí!��
1.2 ʦ��Ú䋧Â
ñ‡‹§Âí�÷˛%ƒ®��t¼¶Å, Q¡Aé%È?‰í”Ì� Ĥ„Ví
ò?ÓÜõð, ‘.bYÔ‹§ÂxXíÕh� f$ RF �Ú䋧Âw‹§ÚÒ
,Ì×�Ê 1 MV/cm, c苧Âqe”wÎ×/ú�, ¥šíÌ„VAkw�š
5
Ç 1.4: JÀê�ùIää0j&m•Fj)5ʦ0§vÈš$DóP�
Ç 1.5: ʦ0§�ÿmõiÞ#�}0(%pÇ: �ÿmõ�d)�
uP5í‡e.?w§yòíÚÒ, Ä7̶TXy×틧G�� bs ¥Ì
„ÛbSàšÅœsíÚ~šVTX‹§�, ŸÄÊksšÅíÚ~šªJ�^í
�ÿ, wÿõTíÚ~Ò#�ªJ±òk�ÿ‡5Ú~Ò#�,7?DÊÊ.¸;¶
ˇ=1‘K-)ƒyò틧ÚÒ� J 800-nm šÅ� 10-cm ò�í¡�Õmm!
ÑW, w'ñq˪J�ÿƒük 10 µm í×ü,ÚÒœ�ÿ‡Tò7 104 I� Í7
²‡fÈíÚ~š4udš, bTÑ‹§ÂUà´.âø¤d²ÚÒ�²Ñó²5
‹§ÚÒ,7‚àò#�ʦ0§��ÚUšJ`¨ó²ÚÒu�^íj�,7/
ÚU.}�¸;í½æ� wŸÜu‚àò#�ʦ0§í�”�‰ (ponderomotiveforce) Êòò�ÚU2R��ÚÅä, 7Ê•¤��0§‡ªj²,$AÚhò�
}0íš�, Ê¥Úhò�}0íNò5È}|Û#×íó²ÚÒ7?DàV‹§
Úä [17], ÿà°§¨²G‚ཨ‹§øO� ñ‡˛„õ¥Ê¦��ÚUš�
6
line focusing
Ç 1.6: ÆVNŸ(�ÿý<Ç�
Ú䋧Âw‹§ÚÒ?Dò® 1 GV/cm [27], ×Ùòü‹§ÂFÛíqe� ñ�
D«�%‘, FJ�à‰AÑ-øH틧ÂÍ$�
Êò?ʦÚUš�Ú䋧Â52, Úä|�?¾3bu⋧��J‹§
�×V²ì� FJw�-{æ4ubßÞ×PÙíÚUšJTò‹§G�, 1/°
vb`¾ôŤÚUšÊ˛È,íÅ�VÓ‹Ú䋧í�×� béêòP�íÚ
UšÛbò#�íʦ0§, ĤBbÛbøéê0§�ÿƒ'üJ®ƒò#�, O
÷¦}U�ÿ-Vím!A§Øà7òs7Tà�×� Ñ7bÊÅ�×-&Méê
ʦò#�, JÚUmšûVûùʦ0§uø_óçªWퟶ�
BbøUàÆVNŸ (axicon) º¯(�−ñ�¼VßÞÚUmšû, ÆVNŸ
ªJøʦ•Om!‡ªj²�ÿAø‘ò((Ç 1.6), ‚à¤(�ÿ5ʦ0§
BbªJÊ(�−ñ�¼qÁ×ßÞÆ6$íÚU¦−, âkʦ0§í�”�‰
(pondero-motive force) }FUÚU2-íÚä²û¶§Ç, û_w2-Úäò�
±Q7$AÚUmšû� QOJù−éê0§ó²·p¤ÚUmšû52Véê
ÚUš, |(yJú−ʦd²~p¤ÚUš, Jw�”�‰R�¶}Úä–¥,®ƒDÚUš®º5ó§�7âÚUšM/‹§� BbÛb−„ø−(�ÿʦ
0§VßÞÌG ìíÚUmšû, 1/¢ÛbÊ�Ìí?¾-−„ù−éê0
§VßÞPÙ|×íÚUš� ÛD˛�Ü�DbM_Òéý [28, 29], Ê�ìʦ0
§,?¾‘K-, Jb_x�_çÈ�� PÙD0§v í0§å�, ªªÀø0§
��|y×PÙíÚUš� ĤàSßÞ¥š_çí0§å�, 1/�¿w��Ú
Uš5^0, u¨ÚUš�Ú䋧Âí½b=��
1.3 Xmʦ
ÓO�x5ª�%B�üí˛ÈDvÈ��V¡, úks0§ò��X¦(mÄí
Û°nï|~� Ô{�,!ZÙ� [30]� Xmä…X [31]� �œÚ!Z`T [31]� C
”(10−18”) ��}äqÚä�‰ç [21] ��, ¥lªíX mmÄ·ªJTÑ�
7
line-focusedpump pulse
solid target
hot plasma
x-raypulse
pumppulse
gas target
(a)
hot plasma
x-raypulse
(b)
Ç 1.7: (a) �ñä X mʦ, (b) −ñä X mʦý<Ç�
‰íû˝�x� f$ʦu‚àŸäC}äíÕµÚä?¼&dVßÞ, w?¼Ï
�.×, FJ�|É?ƒ®ªcmCuÙÕmš¨, Jb)ƒysšÅí X m�|,ÿ.â«à¿µÚäí?¼&d� Ĥ X mʦ.âJò�Á×íÚUÑÓï�
”, wF�íÕµÚä·\�×, Í(éêwqµÚäƒò?¼$A�¾¥�, 7ß
Þ X míéê[×� b`¨à¤ò�Á×íÚUÛb”ò#�íʦ0§, ¬ �
�V‚à�|?¾ò® 100 J ∼ 1 kJ íÅðõð��Î�ʦÍ$, ˛AŠí¨
êAšÅ® 7 nm í X mʦ [32], w�|0§��œ°¥5¦mÄò� 1010 I�
1/ÓOì”ʦ�xíª¥, A,�í�s0§Ê¦Í$˛ªJ®ƒDÎ�ʦ
Í$óçíª¼Š0, 7U)¨A,�íX mʦAѪ?� °vâkŸäq¶
?¼íÞ·‚·�}s�, FJ X mʦÛbÝ�0§íé꜄, ª–0§Å®
bìZ”íÎ�ʦÍ$, A,�ì”ʦ0§ªJy�^0Ëéê X mʦ, 6
Ĥ)ƒysí X m0§�|� ÝB�à‰éêyÑ¿µ� Þ·‚yÑs�í?¼,7ø�|šÅRªƒw X mš¨�
ñ‡íA,� X mʦÍ$ªYä‡}Ñ�ñäD−ñäù×é, �ñä‡ Xmʦ (Ç 1.7 (a)) u‚àd²(�ÿíʦ0§p¦�ñä[Þ, øä‡Á×ß
Þø−òë�íÚU, ¤ÚUÄʦ0§í‹ÏUw�ÚÅ䲤éËíÅ7¨A
y¿µíÁ×, 1/ÊqµÚä$A�¾¥�, Ä7Ê•(�ÿW²,êÞ X mé
ê5¦[×� −ñä X mʦ (Ç 1.7 (b)) ŸÜD�ñä�˛êrøš, .°5T
Êk…u‚àõ�ÿíʦ0§p¦−ñä, 7•0§‡ªj²Á×|ø−(ÕÚ
U� âk−ñò�œQ, �âíŨA¿µÁ×íœ06œü, FJ.âY˝yò#
�íʦ0§òQø−ñ}äÁ׃D¿µí?¼� Í7óœk�ñä X mʦ,
8
…x�J-iõ:
1. *�ñ[ÞFÁ×|VíÚUò�x�óç×íd²G�, U)w~¦0Ê
dj²,�óç×퉓, Ĥ X mÊfÈv}|Ûd²íR 7Ì„7�
^í[×�×� −ñä X mʦ†Ì¤Ì„, ÄÑâõ�ÿ5ʦ0§Ê•
ʦfÈj²,FßÞí(ÕÚU, wò�íd²}0uWú˚, FJ X m
Êw2fÈvj².}R~� �ÅíÚU¦−.OªJÓ‹[×í�×, yª
Jòü X m�|íêài�
2. âkqµÚä?¼íÞ·‚·”ws� (�Êb�씃Z”5È), FJ°
¥éêÑTò X mʦ�|5.âG¨� úkd²éêí�ñä X mʦ,.â−„w(�ÿéê0§5š‡bé, xX,óç˚Ø�7úkó²éêí
−ñä X mʦ, ÄÑwéê0§D\[×í X mu°¥‡ª, FJA�\
„7°¥éê휄�
3. Ê�ñä X mʦ2, ©Ÿp¦íéê0§·}ú;�ñä‡í[Þ� FJ
JÊõà,bdƒ X m0§í©/�|, wp¦äÞ.â.iyh� Çøj
Þâk�ñä‡\Á×(²ûÞÿjìà, }|ÛéN˘ˆí^‹7‹2¶
ˇímçjK, Ĥ.âì‚y²¥<mçjKCu.J_çí®"� úkJ
d4−ñÑä‡í−ñä X mʦ†Ì¤½æ, wÁ×5ÚUÊØà(ÿD
Úä+¯Ñ−ñ}ä, .}¨ALSí‹2, 7×Ù�“7Í$íµÆ��
JBbñ‡F¨í�q?�ʦÍ$, wF?Dƒ®5mÒ#�˛—JTX
¨−ñä X mʦ5à� J�|šÅÑ 46.9 nm (3p → 3s) í·− X mÊ
¦ [14, 33]D 41.8 nm (5d → 5p) íG−X mʦ [15, 16]ÑW, køù65ÚäÁ
×¥ÿå7$Aé\×äDéN×ä, FÛ5mÒ#�}�Ñ 7 × 1016 W/cm2 D
1.5 × 1016 W/cm2, 7BbíʦÍ$†?DTX�¬ 1018 W/cm2 ímÒ#��
ĤBbオJéêy¿µíÚä?¼, 7øù6�|šÅ}�Rªƒ 15.8 nm(2p → 2s) D 10 nm (4d → 4p) [34]� DÚUš�Ú䋧ÂéNíu, −ñäXmʦ°šÛb�ÿƒ'üíò#�ʦ0§?DÊÚU2fÈD±í�×, JZ
ßÞ—DÁ×G/DÅí(ÕÚU, Ĥ…b.âUàƒó°íÚUmšûxX�
BblåJø−ʦ0§N¬ÆVNŸÊ(�−ñ�¼2ßÞÚUmšû, y
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Úä�¾¥�, J¨A X méê5¦[×� ODÚUš�Ú䋧ÂF.°5T,ÊkBb1.ıù−ʦ0§ ��ÚUš, 7ubA§Ë‹ÏÁ×Úä� â
kqµÚä?¼Þ·‚Ý�s�, FJÛbv 9òƒ|síéê0§�
9
úkÚUš�Ú䋧ÂJ£−ñä X mʦ¥sáû˝, Bb˛²2Ûû˝
ÍC~3ælå5%‘XM� 7,!J,úù6ín�, BbFÞúí�-{æ4
uJ-sá,øubßÞÌG ìíÚUmšû,ùub�^��ÚUšCu¿
µÁ×ÚU, ¥sK9îÛbN¬úkp¦Ê¦0§š$í|7“−„V®A� ¥
áû˝låZub‚àÛD|híʦ0§vÈ˛Èš$−„xX, º¯2Ûû˝
Í3ælå5ÏWV®AJ,íñ™�
2
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Ê�q?�ʦÍ$52, |(�|íʦ0§wd²#�}0u´ÌG� ˛Èó
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10
11
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12
outputwavefront
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incomingwavefront
micro-lens array
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13
line focus in a plasma waveguide formation
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prepulse
axicon gas jet
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14
side view
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Uàh�ív�;m|‰ÂV¦HJ,H�í˛Èm|‰Â, v�;m|‰Â˛\
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15
acoustic wave
inputpulse
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slow extraordinary axis(mode 2)
shapedpulse
Ç 2.7: AOPDF «TŸÜý<Ç�
plasma densityperturbation
incident pulseintensity
moldulated pulseintensity
plasma wave
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kÍ$q¶í×�óçÜ>, 7.‚k¨ ìíÚ䋧Â� ùj�u‚à
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y�^Ë��ÚUš� .Oj²uP‘K̶®ºí½æ, ¢ÄÑ^0íT¯7ª
16
laser pulse
electron plasma wave
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J±Q��0§í#�, Áý7Í$2Ý(4^@Fù–í. ì4� ĤBbl
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|×PÙíÚäÚUš, TXÚ䋧ÂUà�
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17
pump pulse
probe pulse
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ò�‰“� �âZ‰¤Â½«¿0§5ÈívÈôb, ¹ªj)ÚUšêcíó²
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p¦�ñ“À”äFßÞí X m5¦ [48], )ƒ 2.4 mJ í 11–17 nm ,X m0§,w?¾�²0® 3.3%�
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18
entranceslit
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sphericalgrating
entranceslit
Rowlandcircle
imageplane
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imageplane
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,, FJ[0ø mù”ñ³�Cu CCD ³�ÿªJ¿)wä$#�� Í7Ê Xm효³�Ü;íNŸ, ÇøjÞ¢§Ìkmçˆ�íxX, wŸÒ¥¦0ØJ
Tô, ¥U) X ¦(m$i̶døOm$iøš�Ü;íAdÍ$, 7.âSà
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HàDAd5Š?� OF.ªfníuwAdP04urÊF‚í Rowland circle,, 7.uø_�Þ, FJwW¿Â³�6.â[0ʤ�Þ,, ´†ä0j&�ÿ
}±Q� úk¬ Uà X m�ÒÑW¿Âím$i7k, bø X m�Ò��[0
1.uøK˚Øí9, OúkhøHUà�à X m CCD Ù�œím$iÍ$, w
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ql� àÇ 2.12(c) Fý, ¥uUàøÞpÞÝ�È�mÞVdHàDAd, w…½
5U‚1ÝìM, 7uMÚ‰“JZ‰®Hmí÷¦i, |(U)®HmíAdP
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19
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
0 20 40 60 80
wavelength (nm)
tran
smitt
ance
1- m Al filterµ
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
wavelength (nm)
tran
smitt
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0 5 10 15 20 25
1- m B filterµ
wavelength (nm)0 5 10 15 20 25
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
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tran
smitt
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1- m Be filterµ
(a) (b)
(c)
Ç 2.13: Xm˙Ò¡N0: (a) 1.0-µm ¾½˙Ò, (b) 1.0-µm ¾−˙Ò, (c) 1.0-µm¾‘˙Ò�
˙ÎÆm� úklå¨í·−DG− X mʦ, BbøUà“½”˙ÒVhô‡6
Ê 15.8 nm í5¦, “−”˙ÒVhô(6Ê 10 nm í5¦, “‘”˙ÒVhôù6Ê
46.9 nm D 41.8 nm í5¦� J,˙Ò5¡N0~cÇ 2.13�
b¿¾ X m0§5v , wFUàí!…ŸÜDÛD�s0§v ¿¾xXó
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20
gas jet
photo-electron
time-of-flightspectrometer
x-ray pulse
referencepulse
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ªJ)ƒù65>ŒóßmU, 7j) X m0§5v � ĤÎ7Ÿ…àkßÞÚ
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21
Shack-Hartmanndetector
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3
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22
23
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