- 1 - Fungicide Resistance Action Committee FRAC founded in 1982 Andy Leadbeater Chairman FRAC Steering Committee Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Basel, Switzerland

- 1 -

Fungicide Resistance Action Committee

FRAC

founded in 1982

Andy Leadbeater

Chairman FRAC Steering CommitteeSyngenta Crop Protection AG, Basel, Switzerland

FRAC Presentation 2014

FRAC Presentation 2014 AL 2

Fungicide Resistance Action Committee

FRAC is a Specialist Technical Group of CropLife International.

An inter-company committee dedicated to prolonging the effectiveness of fungicides liable to encounter resistance problems and to limit crop damage during the emergence of resistance.

FRAC is managed by the FRAC Steering Committee .

FRAC Technical reviews, strategy determination and recommendations are carried out by Working Groups (WG) and Expert Fora (EF).


Purpose of FRAC (Founded 1982)

The main goal of FRAC is to provide resistance management advice and guidelines and thereby sustain the effectiveness of “at risk” fungicides

FRAC represents a centre of knowledge and expertise, and seeks via effective networking with independent bodies to actively promote effective resistance management.

FRAC offers a wide range of services (publications, FRAC code lists, methods, training) to assist researchers, advisors and growers.

Key route for communication is the FRAC website: www.frac.info


List of FRAC International member companies

• BASF• Bayer Crop Science• Cheminova• Dow• DuPont• FMC• Isagro• KI Chemical• Makhteshim• Syngenta

Note: Several other companies are represented in regional groups


SC

FRACInt’l Chairman

Andy Leadbeater

SC

FRACInt’l Chairman

Andy Leadbeater

EF

Phenyl-amides

Dietrich Hermann

EF

Phenyl-amides

Dietrich Hermann SC Steering Committee

WG Working GroupEF Expert Forum

RG Regional FRAC Group

Organisation of FRAC

WG

SBI Fungicides

Klaus Stenzel

WG

SBI Fungicides

Klaus Stenzel

WG

Anilino-Pyrimidines

Andreas Mehl

WG

Anilino-Pyrimidines

Andreas Mehl

WG

QoI Fungicides

Andy Leadbeater

WG

QoI Fungicides

Andy Leadbeater

WG

CAA Fungicides

Gerd Stammler

WG

CAA Fungicides

Gerd Stammler

RGNA FRAC

Gilberto Olaya

RGNA FRAC

Gilberto Olaya RGFRAC Japan

Kentaro Tanabe

RGFRAC Japan

Kentaro TanabeRG

FRAC BrazilRafael Pereira

RGFRAC BrazilRafael Pereira

WG

SDHIFungicides

Kristin Klappach

WG

SDHIFungicides

Kristin Klappach

EF

Dicarbox-imides

Andreas Mehl

EF

Dicarbox-imides

Andreas Mehl

EF

Benz-imidazoles

Jean-Luc Genet

EF

Benz-imidazoles

Jean-Luc Genet

WG

FRAC Bananas

Helge Sierotski

WG

FRAC Bananas

Helge Sierotski

WG

AzanaphthaleneFungicides

Greg Kemmitt

WG

AzanaphthaleneFungicides

Greg Kemmitt

Mode of ActionExpert Panel

Dietrich Hermann

Mode of ActionExpert Panel

Dietrich Hermann

RGFRAC South Africa

Willem Van de Pypekamp

RGFRAC South Africa

Willem Van de PypekampQiI Task Force

Satoshi ArakiQiI Task Force

Satoshi Araki

New !


FRAG UK

NORBARAG Nordics/Baltics

ECPR-F Germany

FRG India

FRMRG Australia

Outreach to other national groups

AFPP WG France

FRAG NL Netherlands


FRAC Steering Committee 2014

Mr. A. Leadbeater Syngenta Crop Protection Chairman FRAC, Chairman QoI Fungicides WG

Dr. K. Stenzel Bayer CropScience Vice Chairman,Chairman SBI Fungicides WG

Mrs B. Forster Syngenta Crop Protection Secretary, Treasurer

Dr. L. Hoffmann Dupont Communication and Website Officer

Dr. G. Kemmitt Dow Agrosciences Chairman Azanaphthalene WG

Dr. A Mehl Bayer CropScience Chairman Anilinopyrimidines WG,Dicarboximide expert forum

Dr. G. Stammler BASF Chairman CAA Fungicides WG

Dr. K. Klappach BASF Chairwoman SDHI Fungicides WG

Dr. H Sierotzki Syngenta Crop Protection Chairman Banana WG

Mr. J.L. Genet Dupont Chairman Benzimidazoles Expert Forum

Dr. D. Hermann Syngenta Crop Protection Chairman Mode of Action Expert Group, . Phenylamides Expert Forum

Dr. K. Tanabe Nippon Soda, Japan Representative Japan, Chairman QiI Task Force

Mr. G. Olaya Syngenta, USA Representative North America

Dr. R. Pereira BASF Brazil Representative Brazil


FRAC works proactively

Seeking scientific knowledge

Carrying out science in resistance, in the member companies, with universities, extension scientists, governments, EPPO, etc etc.

Constantly monitoring populations, sharing knowledge

Working with other experts to give best advice on disease management and fungicide resistance management strategies


FRACInternationalFRACInternational

FRAC – Outreach, Influence and Politics

FRAC Regional GroupsFRAC Regional Groups

EPPOEPPO

FAOFAO

FRAGCountry Groups

AdvisorsAdvisory Services

AdvisorsAdvisory Services

Universities / Institutes Researchers

Universities / Institutes Researchers

Growers / Grower Organisations

Growers / Grower Organisations

National AuthoritiesNational Authorities


FRAC WEBSITE – www.FRAC.info


FRAC WEBSITE – www.FRAC . info


FRAC Methods

In a joint effort to create standardized methods, members of different FRAC Working Groups have reviewed and collected detailed, ready-to-use bioassay techniques to monitor fungal pathogens of economic importance.

The following requirements were considered while establishing these techniques:

•The method must be robust, reliable and repeatable•It must be as simple as possible to operate in terms of technology and user skills•It should be as cheap to operate as possible and capable of a high throughput in a short time

•The data obtained must be able to be related to sensitivity responses in the field


FungicideRisk

AgronomicRisk

PathogenRisk

OverallResistance

Risk

Fungicide Resistance Risk Assessment

Combined Risk includes Agronomic

Risk:


Overall risk is a combination of pathogen risk x fungicide risk x agronomic risk

High risk

BenzimidazolesQoIs

Phenylamides

3

Medium riskCarboxanilides

DMIs / APsMorpholines

MBI-DPhenylpyrrols

2

Low Risk

Multi sitesMBI-R

Resistance Ind.

3 6 9

2 4 6

0,5

1 2 3

High RiskBotrytisErysiphe

PyriculariaVenturia

PlasmoparPhytophthora PAa

Medium Risk

EyespotSeptoria tritici

Rhyncho-Sporium

Phytophthora

Low Risk

RhizoctoniaRusts

Soil borne fungiSmuts & Bunts

PathogenRisk

FungicideRisk

High risk

Medium risk

Low Risk

PathogenRisk

AgronomicRisk

1

4,5

2,25

3

1,5

0,5

0,25

1,5

0,75

1

0,5

2

1

3

1,5

1

0,5

0,25

0,5 1 1,5

0,25

0,125

0,5

0,25

0,75

0,375

1

0,5

0,25

High risk

Medium risk

Low Risk

High risk

Medium risk

Low Risk

Kuck 2005


The FRAC MOA Code List

• The "FRAC List" is a classification of the active ingredients of fungicides, bactericides and other disease control agents according to Mode of Action (MoA)

• It gives a statement on resistance risk for the MoA.

• It gives no information on specific products or disease control efficacy.

• It gives no "approval" for a product for its value in resistance management.


FRAC Mode of Action Poster 2014 (www.frac.info)

>200 fungicides, 57 MOA groups


Mode of Action Classification

• The annually updated list of fungicides according to mode of action (MoA) is a key document provided by FRAC (#1 accessed on www.frac.info)

• To ensure consolidated input on classification for new inclusions to the list or on changes in mode of action classification, a FRAC MoA expert panel has been formed, consisting of nominated key scientists.


FRAC Mode of Action Panel

• Founded in 2012 to support the FRAC steering committee on matters relating the scientific evaluation of matters related to inclusion or changes of antifungal agents on the FRAC Mode of Action code list and related publications

• Key objectives are:– Scientific evaluation of information on mode of action provided by manufacturers

– Liase with manufacturers, licensees or other responsible organizations in order to agree the mode of action of new agents

– Review new literature to pro-actively challenge current classification in the list (we are open for external inputs)

• The panel operates without face to face meetings and is represented by the chairperson on the FRAC steering committee

• Current membership:– Members are typically recognized

experts in the field of mode of action

– Nominated by members of the FRAC SC within their companies

– Could also be non industry experts


Fungicides in the same group are cross-resistant

Fungicides in different groups are NOT cross-resistant


SDHI Fungicides


Microbials, plant extracts


FRAC Mode of Action Classification

• FRAC does not make product recommendations or endorsements.

• Inclusion of a fungicide / natural product / biological in the list is purely a technical classification according to mode of action based upon scientific data.

• It is not an "Approval" by FRAC.• It is not an endorsement by FRAC that any products

based upon the active ingredient are "valuable for resistance management".

• Inclusion in the FRAC list should not be used in promotional / advertising material by companies.


• Use of good plant protection practice– resistant crop cultivars, non-chemical control, husbandry systems, crop

rotations, tillage systems, efficient application.

• Application of Plant Protection Products– limit the number of applications of a chemical class (mode of action = MOA) to

reduce selection pressure*. – restrict application timing to the optimum for pest control.– respect the recommended use rate.

• Use of Mixtures and Alternations– * limiting number of application is most effective when used in combination

with mixtures / alternations of different MOAs.– mixture / alternation partners must be a different MOA and effective.– mixtures / alternations reduce the selection pressure and provide more robust

disease control– resistance risk declines as number / area of applications with the product

declines.– relies upon a diversity of modes of action being available for a target disease.

Resistance Management Strategies


Fungicides and Mixtures (ref. FRAC 2010)

• Mixtures (tank-mix or co-formulations) are supported by FRAC, as are alternations.

• No clear data that alternation or mixture is better than the other• Mixture is easier to "ensure" and therefore better "stewardship"• Appropriate mixtures can;

– give broader spectrum disease control, – ensure more effective control (combine fungicide properties) – avoid of disease control failure (security of control), – manage the occurrence and impact of resistance

• Mixtures may be a better strategy in situations where there are limited options for alternations (small number of sprays in a programme)

• Mixtures particularly valuable where resistance declines between seasons

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Fungicide Mixtures – FRAC

• A key requirement for any mixture product applied to manage resistance is that the components of the mixture must not be cross-resistant and the dose rates of each component used in the mixture should provide sufficient control of sensitive isolates when used alone.

• the mixture must be carefully balanced based on the individual properties of each mixing partner (e.g. lasting effect, dose response curve, etc.)

• Presence or absence of resistance to one component of the mixture impacts the recommendations (aim to keep R-frequency low)


FRAC Guidance 2010


Conclusions

• FRAC supports proactive resistance management using all the tools available in an integrated approach

• We actively support and invest in research to make scientific progress in areas such as resistance risk, effectiveness of strategies, and addressing other issues

• FRAC supports the use of FRAC codes in product labelling

• FRAC supports outreach to officials, advisers, local RAG groups


Conclusions

• Several factors threaten to work against maintaining resistance management e.g. Increasing regulatory requirements, food chain requirements.

• These have reduced available modes of action for mixtures, alternations, and have increased costs to find new ones.

• FRAC is working with officials and authorities to raise the importance of resistance management and to seek solutions.

Documents

- 1 - Fungicide Resistance Action Committee FRAC founded in 1982 Andy Leadbeater Chairman FRAC Steering Committee Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Basel, Switzerland