· 11-01-2018 · P.ILAIYARAJA M.Sc.,B.Ed.,M.Phil.,PGDCA., PGT in PHYSICS, GHSS, Pappanadu, Thanjavur. (9626535583) Page 2 3. ghpkhzq;fspd; Kiwg;gb ,aw;gpay; msT xd;iw xU myfpLk

P.ILAIYARAJA M.Sc.,B.Ed.,M.Phil.,PGDCA., PGT in PHYSICS, GHSS, Pappanadu, Thanjavur. (9626535583) Page 1

+1 - ,aw;gpay; 5 kjpg;ngz; tpdh tpilfs; - njhFjp - 1 (ruhrhp kw;Wk; ruhrhpf;Ff; fPo; gbf;Fk; khztHfSf;fhf)

1. ,aw;ifapd; mbg;gil tpirfis tpsf;Ff.

<Hg;gpay; tpir:

mz;lj;jpy; cs;s VNjDk; ,U nghUs;fSf;fpilNa ,t;tpir nray;gLk;.

,t;tpir epiwfspd; ngUf;fw;gyDf;F NeHj;jftpYk;> mtw;wpw;fpilg;gl;l njhiytpd; ,Ukbf;F vjpHj;jftpYk; ,Uf;Fk;.

mbg;gil tpirfspy;> <Hg;gpay; tpirNa kpfTk; typik Fd;wpaJ.

mz;lj;jpy; neLe;njhiytpw;Fr; nray;glf;$baJ.

kpd;fhe;j tpir:

vyf;l;uhd;fs; Nghd;w ,U kpd;D}l;lj; Jfs;fSf;fpilNa nray;gLtJ kpd;fhe;j tpirahFk;.

,J Ntwpd kpd;D}l;lq;fSf;Ff; ftHr;rp tpirahfTk;> Xhpd kpd;D}l;lq;fSf;F tpyf;F tpirahfTk; ,Uf;Fk;.

,t;tpir> vjpHj;jfT ,Ukb tpjpf;F cl;gLfpwJ.

<Hg;gpay; tpiriatpl typikahdJ.

,t;tpir epiykpd;dpay; kw;Wk; fhe;j tpirfspd; njhFg;ghFk;.

typikkpf;f mZf;fU tpir:

mbg;gil tpirfspy; kpfTk; typikahdJ ,t;tpirahFk;.

m- 1 510 vd;w FWe;njhiytpw;F kl;LNk nray;glf;$baJ.

mZf;fUtpy; GNuhl;lhd;fisAk;> epA+l;uhd;fisAk; xd;wpizj;J itg;gJ ,t;tpirNa.

typik Fd;wpa mZf;fU tpir:

β - rpijT Nghd;w rpytif mZf;fU tpidfspy; ,t;tpir Kf;fpakhdjhf cs;sJ.

<Hg;gpay; tpirastpw;F ,J typik Fd;wpaJ my;y.

2. SI myFfisAk; mtw;wpd; FwpaPLfisAk; gad;gLj;Jjypy; gpd;gw;w Ntz;ba tpjpfSk; kuGfSk; ahit? 1) mwptpay; mwpQHfspd; ngaHfshy; toq;fg;gLk; myFfis rpwpa vOj;jhy; vOj Ntz;Lk;.

2) mwptpay; mwpQHfspd; ngaHfshy; toq;fg;gLk; myFfspd; FwpaPLfis nghpa vOj;jhy;

vOj Ntz;Lk;.

3) Fwpg;gpl;l ngauhy; toq;fg;glhj myFfspy; FwpaPLfis rpwpa vOj;jhy; vOj Ntz;Lk;.

4) myFfspd; FwpaPLfSf;F ,WjpapNyh my;yJ ,ilapNyh epWj;jw;Fwpfs; Nghd;w ve;jf;

FwpfSk; ,lf;$lhJ.

5) myFfspd; FwpaPLfisg; gd;ikapy; vOjf; $lhJ.

6) ntg;gepiyiaf; nfy;tpdpy; Fwpg;gpLk; NghJ bfphpf; Fwp ,lf;$lhJ.

7) xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l rhpTf;NfhLfisg; gad;gLj;jf; $lhJ.

8) vz;zpw;Fk;> myfpd; FwpaPl;bw;Fk; ,ilapy; ,ilntsp tpl Ntz;Lk;.

9) tpir> ce;jk; Nghd;wtw;wpd; ,U $l;L myFfspd; FwpaPLfSf;fpilapy; ,ilntsp tpl

Ntz;Lk;.

10) Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;l FwpaPLfis kl;LNk gad;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;.

11) ve;jnthU ,aw;gpay; mstpd; vz; kjpg;igAk; mwptpay; Kiwg;gbNa vOj Ntz;Lk;.

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3. ghpkhzq;fspd; Kiwg;gb ,aw;gpay; msT xd;iw xU myfpLk; KiwapypUe;J kw;nwhU myfpLk; Kiwf;F vt;thW khw;Wtha;?

cgs Kiw SI Kiw

dyne cm2

g-2

Gd; ghpkhz tha;g;ghL

Gd; ghpkhz tha;g;ghL

,q;F>

4. ghpkhzq;fisf; nfhz;L jdp Crypd; miyTf;fhyj;jpw;fhdf; Nfhitiag; ngWf.

5. ,af;fr; rkd;ghLfis tUtp. (i) ve;jnthU fzj;jpYk;> nghUspd; KLf;fk; vd;gJ> fhyj;ijr; rhHe;j jpirNtfj;jpd; Kjy; tiff;nfO MFk;.

my;yJ

(ii) nghUnshd;wpd; jpirNtfk;> fhyj;ijr; rhHe;j ,lg;ngaHr;rpapd; Kjy; tiff;nfO MFk;.

my;yJ

njhifapl>

(iii) nghUspd; KLf;fk; vd;gJ> fhyj;ijr; rhHe;j jpirNtfj;jpd; Kjy; tiff;nfO MFk;.

my;yJ

njhifapl>



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6. ntf;lHfspd; tiffis tpsf;Ff. rk ntf;lHfs;:

,it> njhlf;fg; Gs;spfs; vq;fpUg;gpDk;> rk vz; kjpg;Gk; xNu jpirAk; nfhz;l ,U

ntf;lHfs;.

xj;j ntf;lHfs;: ,it> xNu jpirAk;> khWgl;l vz; kjpg;Gk; nfhz;l ,U ntf;lHfs;.

vjpHkiw ntf;lHfs;: ,it> rk vz; kjpg;Gk;> vjpnujpH jpirAk; nfhz;l ,U ntf;lHfs;.

khWgl;l ntf;lHfs;: ,it> khWgl;l vz; kjpg;Gk;> khWgl;l jpirAk; nfhz;l ,U ntf;lHfs;.

XuyF ntf;lH: ,J> XuyF vz; kjpg;Gila ntf;lH.

Rop ntf;lH: ,J> vz; kjpg;G Rop cila ntf;lH.

Kiw ntf;lH: Ropaw;w ntf;lHfs; midj;Jk; Kiw ntf;lHfs;.

rf – njhlf;f ntf;lHfs;: xU Gs;spapypUe;J njhlq;Fk; ntf;lHfs; rf njhlf;f ntf;lHfs;.

xU js ntf;lHfs;: ,it xU jsj;jpy; mike;jpUf;Fk; ntf;lHfs;.

7. ntf;lHfspd; Kf;Nfhz tpjp kw;Wk; ,izfu tpjpiaf; $Wf.

ntf;lHfspd; Kf;Nfhz tpjp:

vz; kjpg;gpYk; jpirapYk; Fwpf;fg;gl; ,U ntf;lHfs;> thpirg;gb xU Kf;Nfhzj;jpd;

mLj;jLj;jg; gf;fq;fshff; fUjg;gl;lhy;> mtw;wpd; njhFgad;> vjpHthpirapy;> me;j

Kf;Nfhzj;jpd; %ba gf;fkhff; ,Uf;Fk;.

Kf;Nfhzq;fspd; ,izfu tpjp:

xU Gs;spapy; nray;gLk; ,U ntf;lHfis> ,izfuk; xd;wpd; mLj;jLj;j gf;fq;fshf vz;

kjpg;gpYk;> jpirapYk; Fwpg;gpl;lhy;> mtw;wpd; njhFgad; ,U ntf;lHfspd; nghJthd

thy;gFjp topNar; nry;Yk; %iy tpl;lj;jpdhy; vz; kjpg;gpYk; jpirapYk; Fwpg;gplg;gLk;.

8. ce;j moptpd;ik tpjpiaf; $wp tpsf;Ff.

Gwtpirfspd; jhf;fk; Rop vdpy;> mikg;gpd; nkhj;j ce;jk; khwhky; ,Uf;Fk;. ,JNt ce;j

moptpd;ik tpjpahFk;.

vdpy;

NkhjYf;F Kd; nkhj;j ce;jk; NkhjYf;Fg; gpd; nkhj;j ce;jk;



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9. ikaNehf;F KLf;fj;jpw;fhdf; Nfhitiag; ngWf.

tl;lj;jpd; Muj;jpd; topahf> ikaj;ij Nehf;fpAk; Jfspd; jpirNtfj;jpw;Fr; nrq;Fj;jhfTk; Vw;gLk; KLf;fk; ikaNehf;F KLf;fk; vdg;gLk;.

fpilj;jpirapy; jpirNtf khWghL = 0

nrq;Fj;Jj; jpirapy; jpirNtf khWghL

kpfr; rpwpanjdpy;

/

10. nrq;Fj;J tl;lj;jpy; Rw;wptUk; nghUspd; khWepiyj; jpirNtfj;jpw;fhd Nfhitiag; ngWf.

nghUspd; kPjhd nkhj;j tpir

vdpy;

(A-y; epiyahw;wy; + A-y; ,af;f Mw;wy;) = ( B-y; epiyahw;wy; + B-y; ,af;f Mw;wy;)

11. xU ghpkhz kPl;rp Nkhjiy tpthp.

NkhjYf;F Kd; nkhj;j ce;jk; NkhjYf;Fg; gpd; nkhj;j ce;jk;

12. Roy; ,af;fr; rkd;ghLfis tUtp.



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13. jpz;kg; nghUspd; epiykj; jpUg;Gj;jpwd; Roy; ,af;f Mw;wypd; ,uz;L klq;F vdf; fhl;Lf.

Kjy; Jfspd; ,af;f Mw;wy;

,uz;lhtJ Jfspd; ,af;f Mw;wy;

Roy; ,af;f Mw;wy;

rm∑

n

=i

ii

1

2

I = epiw x (njhiyT)2

vdpy;

14. epiykj; jpUg;Gj;jpwd;fs; gw;wpa ,iz mr;Rf;fs; Njw;wj;ijf; $wp tpsf;Ff. ,iz mr;Rf;fs; Njw;wk;: nghUspd; ve;jnthU mr;irg; gw;wpa epiykj; jpUg;Gj;jpwdhdJ> <Hg;gpd; ikak; topNar;

nry;Yk; ,iz mr;irg; gw;wpa epiykj; jpUg;Gj; jpwd; kw;Wk; nghUspd; epiwiaAk; ,U

mr;Rf;fSf;F ,ilg;gl;l njhiytpd; ,UkbiaAk; ngUf;fpdhy; tUk; ngUf;fw;gyd;

Mfpatw;wpd; $LjYf;Fr; rkkhFk;.

nka;g;gpj;jy;:

15. nrq;Fj;J mr;Rf;fs; Njw;wj;ijf; $wp tpsf;Ff.

nrq;Fj;J mr;Rf;fs; Njw;wk;:

xd;Wf;nfhd;W nrq;Fj;jhd %d;W mr;Rf;fs; nghJthd Gs;spapy; ntl;LkhW ,Uf;f> rkjs

nky;ypa gug;Gila nghUspd; jsj;jpw;Fr; nrq;Fj;jhd mr;irg; gw;wpa epiykj; jpUg;Gj;

jpwdhdJ> jsj;jpNyNa mike;j xd;Wf;nfhd;W nrq;Fj;jhd ,U mr;Rfisg; gw;wpa epiykj;

jpUg;Gj;jpwd;fspd; $LjYf;Fr; rkk;.



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16. RoYk; jpz;kg; nghUspd; Nfhz ce;jj;jpw;fhdf; Nfhitiag; ngWf.

Kjy; Jfspd; NeHf;Nfhl;L ce;jk;

Kjy; Jfspd; Nfhz ce;jk;

,uz;lhtJ Jfspd; Nfhz ce;jk;

%d;whtJ Jfspd; Nfhz ce;jk;

RoYk; jpz;kg; nghUspd; Nfhz ce;jk; = midj;Jj; Jfs;fspd; Nfhz ce;jq;fspd; $Ljy;

∑n

=i

iirm1

2

17. tpLgL Ntfj;jpw;fhdf; Nfhitia tUtp.

tpLgL Ntfk;:

Nfspd; <Hg;gpay; Gyj;;jpypUe;J tpLgl;Lj; jg;gpr; nry;YkhW> nghUs; vwpag;gl

Ntz;ba rpWk Ntfk; tpLgL Ntfk; vdg;gLk;.

vdpy;



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18. Rw;wpaf;fj; jpirNtfj;jpw;fhdf; Nfhitiag; ngWf.

Nfhspd; gug;gpypUe;J fzf;fplg;gl;l cauj;jpy;> mf;Nfhspid tl;lg;ghijapy; Rw;wptu>

Jizf;Nfhspw;Ff; nfhLf;fg;gLk; fpilf;ifj; jpirNtfk; Rw;wpaf;fj; jpirNtfk; vdg;gLk;.

ikaNehf;F tpir>

<Hg;gpay; tpir>

epiyahd Rw;wpaf;fj;jpw;F>

vd;f

19. Gtpepiyj; Jizf;Nfhspd; Rw;Wg; ghijapd; Muj;jpw;fhdf; Nfhitiag; ngWf.

ikaNehf;F tpir>

<Hg;gpay; tpir>

epiyahd Rw;wpaf;fj;jpw;F>

20. Nfhs;fspd; ,af;fk; gw;wpa nfg;shpd; tpjpfis vOJf.

Rw;Wg;ghijfspd; tpjp:

#hpaid xU Ftpakhff; nfhz;L xt;nthU NfhSk; mjid ePs;tl;lg; ghijapy;

Rw;wptUfpwJ.

gug;Gfspd; tpjp:

#hpaidAk; NfhspidAk; ,izf;Fk; NfhL rkfhy ,ilntspfspy; rk gug;Gfis

Vw;gLj;Jk;.

Rw;Wf;fhyq;fspd; tpjp:

#hpaidr; Rw;Wk; Nfhspd; Rw;Wf;fhyj;jpd; ,Ukb> #hpaDf;Fk; mf;Nfhspw;Fk; ,ilNa

cs;s ruhrhpj; njhiytpd; Kk;kbf;F NeHj;jftpy; ,Uf;Fk;.



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21. ghy;top tpz;kPd; jpus; gw;wpf; Fwpg;ngOJf.

tbtKk; msTk;:

ghy;top tpz;kPd; jpus;> ikaj;jpy; jbj;Jk;> tpspk;Gfspy; nkype;Jk; fhzg;gLfpwJ.

,jd; tpl;lk; 105 xsp Mz;Lfs; MFk;.

,jd; jbkd; ikaj;jpy; 5000 xsp Mz;Lfs;.

#hpad; ,Uf;Fk; ,lj;jpy; jbkd; 1000 xsp Mz;Lfs;.

tpspk;Gfspy; jbkd; 500 xsp Mz;Lfs;.

jpuspd; ikaj;jpypUe;J #hpad>; 27000 xsp Mz;Lfs; njhiytpy; cs;sJ.

tpz;kPd; CL gUg;nghUs;:

ghy;top tpz;kPd; jpuspy;> tpz;kPd; CL ntspapy; epuk;gpAs;s GOjpj; Jfs;fSk;

thAf;fSk; tpz;kPd; CL gUg;nghUs;fs; vdg;gLk;.

,jpy; RkhH 90% i`bu[d; cs;sJ.

tpz;kPd; nfhj;Jf;fs;:

ghpkhw;W <Hg;G tpirapd; fhuzkhf> tpz;kPd; jpuspYs;s tpz;kPd;fs; xd;wpize;J

$l;lkhf cs;sij tpz;kPd; nfhj;Jf;fs; vdyhk;.

jpuspay; tpz;kPd; nfhj;J – 100 Kjy; 1000 tpz;kPd;fs; tiu fhzg;gLk; $l;lk;.

rpWNfhs; tpz;kPd; nfhj;J – 10000 tpz;kPd;fs; ,Uf;Fk; $l;lk;.

Row;rp:

ikaj;jpd; topNa nry;Yk; mr;irg; gw;wp tpz;kPd; jpus; Roy;fpwJ.

#hpad;> 250 km/s jpirNtfj;jpy; RkhH 220 kpy;ypad; Mz;LfSf;F xUKiw ghy;topj;

jpuspd; ikaj;ijr; Rw;wptUfpwJ.

epiw: ghy;topj; jpuspd; epiw RkhH 3 x 1041

kg vdf; fzf;fplg;gl;Ls;sJ.

22. XuyF epiwAila ,af;fj;jpYs;s ePHkj;jpd; nkhj;j Mw;wYf;fhdf; Nfhitiag; ngWf.

mOj;j Mw;wy;:

mOj;j Mw;wy; vd;gJ ePHkk; jd; mOj;jj;jpdhy; ngw;Ws;s Mw;wyhFk;.

XuyF epiwAs;s ePHkj;jpd; mOj;j Mw;wy;



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,af;f Mw;wy;:

,af;f Mw;wy; vd;gJ ePHkk; jd; ,af;fj;jpdhy; ngw;Ws;s Mw;wyhFk;.

ePHkj;jpd; ,af;f Mw;wy;

XuyF epiwAs;s ePHkj;jpd; ,af;f Mw;wy;

epiy Mw;wy;:

ePHkk; jiu kl;lj;jpypUe;J cs;s cauj;ijg; nghUj;J ngw;wpUf;Fk; Mw;wy; epiyahw;wy; MFk;.

ePHkj;jpd; epiyahw;wy;

XuyF epiwAs;s ePHkj;jpd; epiyahw;wy;

/ XuyF epiwAila ,af;fj;jpYs;s ePHkj;jpd; nkhj;j Mw;wy;

23. ngHndsypj; Njw;wj;ijf; $wp tpsf;Ff.

ngHndsypj; Njw;wj;jpd;gb> mKf;f ,ayhj> ghFepiyaw;w> XuyF epiwAs;s ePHkj;jpd; thpr;rPH Xl;lj;jpy;> mOj;j Mw;wy;> ,af;f Mw;wy; kw;Wk; epiy Mw;wy; Mfpatw;wpd; $l;Lj; njhif xU khwpypahFk;.

khwpyp.

xU nehbapy; ePHkj;jpd; mOj;j Mw;wypdhy; nra;ag;gl;l epfu Ntiy

xU nehbapy; ePHkj;jpd; epiyahw;wypy; mjpfhpg;G

xU nehbapy; ePHkj;jpd; ,af;f Mw;wypy; mjpfhpg;G

khwpyp.



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P.ILAIYARAJA M.Sc.,B.Ed.,M.Phil.,PGDCA., PGT in Physics. GHSS, Pappanadu, Thanjavur Dt. (9626535583) Page 1

+1 - ,aw;gpay; 5 kjpg;ngz; tpdh tpilfs; - njhFjp - 2 (ruhrhp kw;Wk; ruhrhpf;Ff; fPo; gbf;Fk; khztHfSf;fhf)

1. jdpr; rPhpir ,af;fj;jpy; ,lg;ngaHr;rp> jpirNtfk; kw;Wk; KLf;fj;jpw;fhdf; Nfhitiag; ngWf.

jdpr; rPhpir ,af;fj;jpy; ,lg;ngaHr;rp:

jdpr; rPhpir ,af;fj;jpy; jpirNtfk;:

jdpr; rPhpir ,af;fj;jpy; KLf;fk;:

2. fpilj;jsr; RUs;tpy;ypy; ,izf;fg;gl;l epiwapd; miyTf;fhyj;jpw;fhdf; Nfhitiag; ngWf.

3. Nfhzr; rPhpay; miyapaw;wpapd; miyTf; fhyj;jpw;fhdf; Nfhitiag; ngWf.

vdg; gpujpapl;lhy;>

4. ,U RUs;tpy;fs; gf;f ,izg;gpy; ,izf;fg;gl;bUe;jhy; miyTf; fhyj;jpw;fhdr; rkd;ghl;ilg;

ngWf.

vdpy;

;



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5. ,U RUs;tpy;fs; njhlhpizg;gpy; ,izf;fg;gl;bUe;jhy; miyTf; fhyj;jpw;fhdr; rkd;ghl;il;g;

ngWf.

6. U – tbtf; Fohapy; jputj;jk;gj;jpd; miyTfSf;fhd miyTf; fhyj;jpd; rkd;ghl;ilg; ngWf.

7. jdp Crypd; miyTf; fhyj;jpw;fhdf; Nfhitiag; ngWf.

8. jdpr; rPhpir ,af;fj;jpy; Mw;wYf;fhdf; Nfhitiag; ngWf.

,af;f Mw;wy;:

epiy Mw;wy;:

nkhj;j Mw;wy;:



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9. rkjs Kd;NdW miyapd; rkd;ghl;ilg; ngWf.

10. Kd;NdW miyapd; rpwg;gpay;Gfisf; $Wf.

Clfj;jpd; xt;nthU JfSk;> mtw;wpd; ikag;Gs;spiag; nghUj;J mjpHTWfpd;wd.

Clfj;jpd; Jfs;fs;> mtw;wpd; ikag;Gs;spiag; nghUj;J rktPr;Rld; mjpHtilfpd;wd.

miy guTk; jpirapy; xt;nthU JfSk; mjw;F Kd; cs;s Jfisg; Nghd;w ,af;fj;ijNa Nkw;nfhs;Sk;. Mdhy; rpwpJ fhyk; fopj;Nj mjpHtilaj; njhlq;Fk;.

xt;nthU Jfspd; fl;lKk; 0 – tpypUe;J tiu khWk;.

ve;jj; JfSk; epiyahf Xa;tpy; ,Ug;gjpy;iy.

xt;nthU mjpHtpd; NghJk; Jfs;fs;> mjpHtpd; ,U ngUkg; Gs;spfspy; fzNeuj;jpw;F Xa;tpy; ,Uf;Fk;.

Kd;NdWk; FWf;fiyfs; KfLfs; kw;Wk; mfLfshfTk;> Kd;NdWk; nel;liyfs; ,Wf;fq;fs; kw;Wk; jsHr;rpfshfTk; guTfpd;wd.

Kd;NdW miy guTk; jpirapy; Clfj;jpd; topNa Mw;wy; khw;wk; nra;ag;gLfpwJ.

midj;Jj; Jfs;fSk; mtw;wpd; ikag;Gs;spfisf; flf;Fk;NghJ> rk msT ngUkj; jpirNtfq;fisg; ngw;wpUf;Fk;.

m vd;gJ KO vz; vdpy;> njhiyT gphpf;fg;gl;l Jfspd; ,lg;ngaHr;rp> jpirNtfk; kw;Wk; KLf;fk; rkkhFk;.

11. %ba MHfd; Foha; kw;Wk; jpwe;j MHfd; Foha; Mfpatw;wpd; mbg;gil mjpHntz; kw;Wk;

Nkw;Ruj;jpw;fhdf; Nfhitiag; ngWf.

%ba MHfd; Foha; jpwe;j MHfd; Foha;

%ba Kidapy; fZTk; jpwe;j Kidapy;

vjpHf;fZTk; cUthFk;.

Fohapd; ,U Kidfspy; vjpHfZf;fSk;>

eLtpy; fZTk; cUthFk;.

vd;w Nkw;Ruj;jpd; mjpHntz;

MFk;.

vd;w Nkw;Ruj;jpd; mjpHntz;

MFk;.

rPHpirfspd; mjpHntz;fspd; jfT 1 : 3 : 5… rPhpirfspd; mjpHntz;fspd; jfT 1 : 2 : 3...



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12. epiyahd miyapd; rkd;ghl;ilg; ngWf.

rktPr;R kw;Wk; rk miyePsk; cila ,U Kd;NdW miyfs;>

NeHf;Nfhl;by; vjpnujpHj; jpirfspy; nry;Yk;NghJ>

xd;W kw;nwhd;wpd; kPJ Nkw;nghUe;Jtjhy; epiyahd miyfs; cUthfpd;wd.

13. epiyahd miyfspd; rpwg;gpay;Gfis vOJf.

miy tbtk; epiyahf ,Uf;Fk;.

fZf;fSk; vjpHfZf;fSk; khwp khwp cUthfpd;wd.

,lg;ngaHr;rp RopahFk; Gs;spfs; fZf;fs; vd;Wk; ,lg;ngaHr;rp ngUkkhFk; Gs;spfs;

vjpHfZf;fs; vd;Wk; $wg;gLk;.

fZf;fspy; mOj;j khw;wk; ngUkkhfTk; vjpHfZf;fspy; rpWkkhfTk; ,Uf;Fk;.

fZf;fspy; cs;s Jfs;fistpl kw;w midj;Jj; Jfs;fSk; rk miyTf;fhyj;Jld; jdpr;

rPhpir ,af;fj;ij Nkw;nfhs;fpd;wd.

xt;nthU Jfspd; tPr;Rk; rkky;y.

fZf;fspy; Ropahf cs;s Jfs;fspd; jpirNtfk;> mjpfhpj;Jr; nrd;W vjpHf;fZf;fspy;

ngUkkhfpwJ.

mLj;jLj;j ,U fZf;fs; my;yJ vjpHf;fZf;fSf;F ,ilg;gl;l njhiyT

epiyahd miyapy; Mw;wy; khw;wg;gLtjpy;iy.

xU gphptpYs;s Jfs;fs; midj;Jk; xj;j fl;lj;jpYk; mLj;jLj;jg; gphptpYs;s Jfs;fs;

vjpnujpH fl;lj;jpYk; mjpHtilfpd;wd.

14. Nkahpd; njhlHigg; ngWf. my;yJ vd epWTf.



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15. fhHdhl; ve;jpuj;jpd; nray;ghl;il tpthp.

fhHdhl; ve;jpuk; vd;gJ ntg;g Mw;wiy ,ae;jpu Mw;wyhf khw;Wk; xU fUtpahFk;.

fhHdhl; ve;jpuj;jpd; ghfq;fs;:

1. ntg;g%yk;:

,J khwh ntg;gepiyapy; itf;fg;gl;Ls;s xU ntg;gg;gLj;jg;gl;l nghUs;.

,J mstpl Kbahj mstpw;F kpFe;j msT ntg;g Vw;Gj;jpwidg; ngw;Ws;sJ.

,jpypUe;J ve;j mstpw;F ntg;gk; vLf;fg;gl;lhYk; ntg;gepiy khwhky; ,Uf;Fk;.

2. ntg;g Vw;gp:

,J xU khwhj Fiwe;j ntg;gepiyapy; itf;fg;gl;Ls;s xU FspHr;rpahd nghUshFk;

,J mstpl Kbahj mstpw;F kpFe;j msT ntg;g Vw;Gj;jpwidg; ngw;Ws;sJ.

,jw;F ve;j mstpw;F ntg;gk; nfhLf;fg;gl;lhYk; ,jDila ntg;gepiy mjpfhpf;fhJ.

3. cUis:

,J flj;jhg; nghUshyhd RtHfisAk; flj;Jk; mbg;ghfj;ijAk; nfhz;Ls;sJ.

ey;ypay;G thA xd;W nraw;gL nghUshfr; nray;gLfpwJ.

flj;jhg; nghUshyhd> cuha;tw;w gp];ld; xd;W cUisAld; nghUj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.

4. ntg;gq;flj;jh Nkil:

,J ntg;gkhw;wPlw;w nray;ghLfis Vw;gLj;Jk; tifapy; mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

nray;gLk; tpjk;:

1. rkntg;gepiy tphpT 2. ntg;gkhw;wPlw;w tphpT 3. rkntg;gepiy mKf;fk;

4. ntg;gkhw;wPlw;w mKf;fk;.

15. epA+l;ldpd; FspHT tpjpiaf; $wp tpsf;Ff.

epA+l;ldpd; FspHT tpjpg;gb> caH ntg;gepiyapYs;s xU nghUs; ntg;gj;ij ,of;Fk; tPjk;>

mg;nghUSf;Fk; Rw;Wg;Gwr; #oYf;Fk; ,ilapYs;s ntg;gepiy NtWghl;bw;F NeHj;jftpy;

,Uf;Fk;.

fhyk; Sk;nfhs; Jf;vLj;

gk ;ntg ; joe;, tPjk ; FspHT =

16.

vd ep&gpf;fTk; my;yJ Mbr; rkd;ghl;ilg; ngwTk;.



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,JNt Mbr; rkd;ghL MFk;.

17. KO mf vjpnuhspg;ig tpthp.

gphpjsj;jpd; topahf tpyF fjpH nry;YkhW mlHkpF Clfj;jpy; mikAk; gLNfhzk;

khWepiyf; Nfhzk; vdg;gLk;.

gLNfhzk; NkYk; mjpfhpf;fg;;gl;lhy;> xspf; fjpH tpyfyilahky;> KOtJkhf

vjpnuhspf;fg;gl;L mlHkpF Clfj;jpNyNa nry;Yk; epfo;T KO mf vjpnuhspg;G vdg;gLk;.

KO mf vjpnuhspg;G Vw;gl>

xspahdJ mlHkpF Clfj;jpypUe;J mlHFiw Clfj;jpDs; nry;y Ntz;Lk;.

vdpy;

18. Kg;gl;lfj;jpd; xsptpyfy; vz;zpw;fhdr; rkd;ghl;ilg; ngWf my;yJ

vd epWTf.

+ QOR = 1800

QOR = 1800

19. thdtpy; cUthFk; tpjk; gw;wp tpsf;Ff.

kio nga;Ak; ehs;fspy;> tspkz;lyj;jpYs;s ePHj; Jspfspy; #hpa xsp epwg;gphpif

miltjw;F thdtpy; xH vLj;Jf;fhl;lhFk;.

fhw;wpy; kpjf;Fk; ePHj;Jspfspd;kPJ gLk; #hpa xsp> xsp tpyfy;> KO mf vjpnuhspg;G

kw;Wk; epwg;gphpif milfpwJ. ,jdhy; thdtpy; cUthfpwJ.

Kjd;ik thdtpy;:

#hpa xsp> xU KO mf vjpnuhspg;gpw;Fk;> ,uz;L tpyfy;fSf;Fk; cl;gl;L rpWkj;

jpirkhw;wk; miltjhy; Kjd;ik thdtpy; cUthfpwJ.



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Jiz thdtpy;:

#hpa xsp> ,U KO mf vjpnuhspg;GfSf;Fk;> ,U tpyfy;fSf;Fk; cl;gl;L rpWkj;

jpirkhw;wk; miltjhy; Jiz thdtpy; cUthfpwJ.

20. xU fhe;j ,UKidapd; mr;Rf;Nfhl;by; cs;s xU Gs;spapy; fhe;jj; J}z;lYf;fhdf;

Nfhitiag; ngWf.

21. rl;lf; fhe;jj;jpd; eLtiuf;Nfhl;by;; cs;s xU Gs;spapy; fhe;jj; J}z;lYf;fhdf; Nfhitiag;

ngWf.

22. lah> ghuh kw;Wk; /ngHNuh fhe;jg; nghUs;fspd; gz;Gfis tifg;gLj;Jf.

fhe;jg; gz;Gfs; lah fhe;jg; nghUs;fs; ghuh fhe;jg; nghUs;fs;

/ngHNuh fhe;jg; nghUs;fs;

1. fhe;j Vw;Gj;jpwd;

xd;iwtplf; Fiwe;j vjpHf;Fwp kjpg;GilaJ

xd;iwtplf; Fiwe;j NeHf;Fwp kjpg;GilaJ

xd;iwtpl kpf mjpf NeHf;Fwp kjpg;GilaJ

2. ntg;gepiyiag;

nghUj;j

ntg;gepiyiag; nghUj;jjy;y.

3. fhe;j cl;GFjpwd;

xd;iwtplf; FiwT xd;iwtpl mjpfk; xd;iwtpl kpf kpf mjpfk;.

4. rPuw;w fhe;jg; Gyj;jpy;

Gyj;jpw;F vjpuhd jpirapy; fhe;jkilAk;

Gyj;jpd; jpirapNyNa fhe;jkilAk;

Gyj;jpd; jpirapNyNa fhe;jkilAk;

5. rPuhd fhe;jg; Gyj;jpy;

Gyj;jpw;F nrq;Fj;J jpirapy; te;J epw;Fk;

Gyj;jpw;F ,izahf te;J epw;Fk;

Gyj;jpw;F ,izahf te;J epw;Fk;.



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23. NlQ;n[d;l; tpjpiaf; $wp tpsf;Ff.

NlQ;n[d;l; tpjp:

xd;Wf;nfhd;W NeHf;Fj;jhd ,U fhe;jg; Gyq;fs; nray;gLk Gs;spapy; njhq;ftplg;gl;Ls;s

fhe;j CrpahdJ mt;tpU Gyq;fspd; njhFgad; Gyj;jpd; jpirapy; Xa;T epiyf;F tUk;.

rkepiyapy;>



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· 11-01-2018 · P.ILAIYARAJA M.Sc.,B.Ed.,M.Phil.,PGDCA., PGT in PHYSICS, GHSS, Pappanadu, Thanjavur. (9626535583) Page 2 3. ghpkhzq;fspd; Kiwg;gb ,aw;gpay; msT xd;iw xU myfpLk