.. .- 2- , . - ., 2000.- 210-216 .

.. , 2000

....................................................................................................................................1 , ........................................................5 ....................................................................................................................................7 I ..........................15 I - ..............................................15 1.1. - ........15 1.2. - .................................17 1.3. ...........................................................................18 1.4. - - ...............................................................................................................................................18 1.5. ...........................................................................19 1.6. ..........................20 1.7. ............21 1.8. - ..........................................................22 1.9. ............................................................................................ 23 1.10. .............................................24 1.11. --......................26 1.12. ...................................................................................................................................28 1.13. .......................30

1.14. ............................. 31 1.15. ..................................................32 1.16. ................................ 34 1.17. * ..........................................34 II ..................................................................39 2.1. ................................ 39 2.2. .................................................................40 2.3. ..................41 2.4. .........................................................................................................................................42 2.5. ..............................................46 2.6. ............................................................... 58 2.7. - ........................... 63 III ..........................................................................................70 3.1. - ............................................................. 70 3.2. ........................................................................................... 85 3.3. .............................................................. 87 3.4. ......................................................................95 3.5. ............................................................................96 3.6. .................................................................97 3.7. - () .......................................................................................................................................................98 3.8. - ............................................................................................. 108 3.9. , ..................................109 I " " ....................................................................................................................110 II .................................................113 IV ...............................................................................113 4.1. , , ...113 4.2. - ...................................................................................................................................117 4.3. - ........................................126 4.4. .......................................132 4.5. ..................................135 V ..................................................................................141 5.1. ............................. 141 5.2. 1 ........................................................142 VI .......................................................................144 6.1. ....................................................................144 6.2. - ............................................................................149 6.3. - .......................................................................152 6.4. .............................................................................160 6.5. .......................................................... 165 VII ................................................................................170 7.1. ....................................................................170 7.2. - .............173 7.3. .................................................................................179 7.4. ..........................................183 7.5. ................................ 187

7.6. , , ............................................................... 191 7.7. - () ........................................................................................194 7.8. - ..................................................................................................................197 7.9. ............................................................................................. 201 7.10. .....................................204 7.11. - - ..................................................................206 II " " 208 III .............................. 211 VIII 1 ...............................................................................211 8.1. ......................................................................211 8.2. .....................................................................................214 8.3. ...................................................222 8.4. - ..................................................225 8.5. : ? ..........................................227 IX .....................................................................................229 9.1. .................................................................................229 9.2. ....................................................................231 9.3. , ........................................232 9.4. .............................................................. 233 9.5. .............................................................. 235 9.6. - - ............................... 238 9.7. .......................................................240 X .......................................................................................244 10.1. ......................................................................244 10.2. ................................................245 10.3. .......................................................................................247 10.4. pa ................................................................................248 10.5. ..............................................248 10.6. , ....................................................249 10.7. ...............................................250 10.8. ............................................................................................................................... 252 10.9. ...........254 10.10. .....................................................................293 10.11. .................................................................296 10.12. ....................................................................................................298 10.13. , ..........................................................................................................299 10.14. ...300 XI ......................................................................................301 11.1. .......................................301 11.2. ( ) .............................. 303 11.3. , .............................................................. 304 11.4. , ...................................................................................................................................306 III " "...................................................................................................................................308

IV ........................................309 XII - .............................................................................................................................................309 12.1. .................................................................................309 12.2. ............................................................................................. 312 12.3. - 315 12.4. , 1 ......................................................316 XIII ..............318 13.1. .......................................318 13.2. - ...............................................319 13.3. - - .....................................................................................................322 13.4. ....................................................................325 13.5. .......................327 13.6. - .........................................................................328 XIV - .....................................................................................................................................................329 14.1. ....................................329 14.2. - - - - .....................................................................................................................................................333 14.3. .......................................................... 335 XV ............................. 338 15.1. ..................................................................................................338 15.2. .................................................................................................339 15.3. - - , .................342 15.4. - ............................................................ 343 15.5. ......................................................................................345 IV " " .....................................................................................................................................................347 V ..............................................................................................................348 XVI - ................................ 348 16.1. - . ......................................................................................................................348 16.2. 1 ........................................................351 16.3. ........................................................................357 16.4. ..........................................................................357 16.5. () ....................................................................................................................................358 16.6. .....361 XVII , - .....................................................................................................................................................364 17.1. ..................................364 17.2. .....................................................373 17.3. ................................ 385 17.4. ......................................................................................................................................391 17.5. ............................................................... 395

17.6. ............................................................. 403 17.7. - ............................................................................408 17.8. ...........414 17.9. .............................................419 17.10. , ............................................................................................. 430 17.11. , - - ........................................................................................432 17.12. .......................................................................................................................442 XVIII ................................................................................................................................ 443 18.1. ......................................................443 18.2. .....................................................446 18.3. ....................................................................................454 V " " .......................................................................................................................459 V " " .......................................................................................................................460 .......................................................................................................................... 462 I .......................................................................................................................466 , .........466 II......................................................................................................................473 III ....................................................................................................................475 () .........475 I. ........................................................................................................475 II. ......................................................................................... 476 III. , ................................................479 V. , ...........................................480 VI. .......................................................................480 IV ....................................................................................................................481 - - - 1 .....................................................................................................................................................481 V .....................................................................................................................490 , , ( " ", 59, 1999.) ........................490 VI ....................................................................................................................492 .....................................................................492 25 - - ....................492 26 - - ..........................................................................492 ....................492 ............................................................ 499 ........................................................................................................................... 505

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10- a), , , , , , , .. .77 72 :: 73 :: 74 :: 75 :: 76 :: 77 :: 77 :: 78 :: 79 :: 80 :: 81 :: 82 :: 83 :: 84 :: 2.7. - - , - , , .. - , - , , .. - .77 : - . (). - - , , ( , , , .) , . , .. (0-), - . -- - , - -. ? (, , , , ..), (, ..), (, , , ..) (, ..). ( physis - ) - , , (: ) . : ... () . , , , , , , , .. , ( ) - - , , .. , , ( , ) . , , , ( ) - . , , , . - - . , , , : =n(n-1). (2.14) i- j- - iRai aii, bjRbj bjj, aiRbj aibj :78 - (0-: 0, b0), , (0 0 10- ( ) v. () i = iv, i - . (0-), (0!) , (0!=1), , - , , , , . , - , - , :)1) 0+1=1; 2) 1-0=1,0-1=-1;(2.15)3) 10=0,00=0,0!=1; 4) 0 1 = 0, .. 01 = 0; 1 0 5) n0=1. () 0 0/0, /, 0, -, 00, 0, 1, - , . , 11 108, : M=1 108 0. (2.16) :B=(1 108) 1. (2.17)79 , , - () , .. 0!=1. , , , , (1 0 , (0!=1), 1, - (n0 = 1). (0,0,...,0) (1,1,...,1) , .) ds , () :i > Infr, (2.18) r10-13 - () ( . h), .. . n- :V0 = i r4 c, (2.19) - ; r - - () ().- () . 80 . : dSe 10-4 (re) , ..dSe1 . ., : 1>>10-3 . ., :10-3 . ., :