© 2006 IARC

Environmental CompetenceEnvironmental Competence ProjectProject

Dr. G.F.Smith – Principal InvestigatorDr. G.F.Smith – Principal Investigator

Dr. G.J.Williams – Project ManagerDr. G.J.Williams – Project Manager

M.Brown – Project Champion JLR (IPP)M.Brown – Project Champion JLR (IPP)

A.Haggie – Project Champion JLR (VIAQ)A.Haggie – Project Champion JLR (VIAQ)

Dr.M.W.Pharaoh

2VIAQ – Dr.M.W.PharaohVIAQ – Dr.M.W.Pharaoh

© 2006 IARC

Deliverables - VIAQDeliverables - VIAQ

Technical:

Characterisation of interior trim components with respect to consistent adherence to emerging interior air quality (VIAQ) limits.

Realistic solutions to address any departures from VIAQ requirements.

Recommended VIAQ test methodology and component performance specification.

Effective engagement with and dissemination of information to the supplier base.

3VIAQ – Dr.M.W.PharaohVIAQ – Dr.M.W.Pharaoh

© 2006 IARC

Primary ObjectivesPrimary Objectives

Develop capability within the supply base to satisfy the requirements of potential vehicle interior air quality (VIAQ) legislation.

FOCUS - Emissions from the plastics and adhesives

4VIAQ – Dr.M.W.PharaohVIAQ – Dr.M.W.Pharaoh

© 2006 IARC

VIAQVIAQ

What is it?

- measure of quality of air within passenger cell resulting from emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) from interior trim components and materials used during vehicle manufacture

Why pursue it?

Increasing interest in the effect of VOC emissions from interior trim materials

voluntary code of conduct established in Japan

future legal requirements being considered

5VIAQ – Dr.M.W.PharaohVIAQ – Dr.M.W.Pharaoh

© 2006 IARC

ContextContext

Headliner

carpets

facia

trim

Components

(component testing)

Materials

(micro chamber)

Petrol/diesel: sound deadening

Adhesives / sealants

A/C

Trim level: high vs low

6VIAQ – Dr.M.W.PharaohVIAQ – Dr.M.W.Pharaoh

© 2006 IARC

Work programme - Vehicle Interior Air QualityWork programme - Vehicle Interior Air Quality

Vehicle sampling being performed at Solihull, Castle Bromwich, Halewood and Gaydon.

In conjunction with key suppliers, develop realistic materials and process technologies to address any departures from the requirements.

Help develop a recommended test methodology and component performance specification for interior trim components.

7VIAQ – Dr.M.W.PharaohVIAQ – Dr.M.W.Pharaoh

© 2006 IARC

Analysis processAnalysis process

Clean air drawn through media in absorbent tube, which traps organic volatiles. Different media are chosen depending composition and volatility.

Heated and VOC’s driven off into a GC/MS (gas chromatograph / mass spectrometer) which compares traces against standards for identification and concentration.

8VIAQ – Dr.M.W.PharaohVIAQ – Dr.M.W.Pharaoh

© 2006 IARC

TD- GC/MS. Lab demonstration laterTD- GC/MS. Lab demonstration later

9VIAQ – Dr.M.W.PharaohVIAQ – Dr.M.W.Pharaoh

© 2006 IARC

Detected CompoundsDetected Compounds

VVOCs (very volatile…). Low molecular weight compounds, e.g. acetone, methanol

VOCs (volatile organic compounds), benzene, toluene, styrene.

SVOCs (semi volatile….). High molecular weight. Oily liquids (often fogging compounds), e.g. phthalates.

10VIAQ – Dr.M.W.PharaohVIAQ – Dr.M.W.Pharaoh

© 2006 IARC

Test configuration / sampling processTest configuration / sampling process

Air flow rate / sampling time very closely

controlled to give consistency of results.

Results in micrograms per m3

These must be below values given in regulations.

Will effect: health toxicity, odour and fogging.

11VIAQ – Dr.M.W.PharaohVIAQ – Dr.M.W.Pharaoh

© 2006 IARC

VIAQ Test ProgrammeVIAQ Test Programme

IARC emission lab set-up:

12VIAQ – Dr.M.W.PharaohVIAQ – Dr.M.W.Pharaoh

© 2006 IARC

VIAQ Test Programme – Lab demoVIAQ Test Programme – Lab demo

Air sampling facility now set-up in IARC laboratory

Equipment purchased and commissioned

New equipment (micro-chamber) allows the collection of air samples from small samples (~ 40mm) ∅ of material:

• Can heat samples for emissions testing

• E.g. interior trim samples, sections from mouldings

13VIAQ – Dr.M.W.PharaohVIAQ – Dr.M.W.Pharaoh

© 2006 IARC

Standard Trace - BTEX / PhthalatesStandard Trace - BTEX / Phthalates

2.5 5.0 7.5 10.0 12.5 15.0 17.5 20.0 22.5 25.0 27.5 30.0 32.5 35.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

(x1,000,000)TIC

14VIAQ – Dr.M.W.PharaohVIAQ – Dr.M.W.Pharaoh

© 2006 IARC

Typical Vehicle GC/MC TraceTypical Vehicle GC/MC Trace

5.0 7.5 10.0 12.5 15.0 17.5 20.0 22.5 25.0 27.5 30.0 32.5

0.25

0.50

0.75

1.00

1.25

1.50

1.75

2.00

2.25(x10,000,000)

TIC

Complex trace showing many trace elements – from a wide variety of sources

15VIAQ – Dr.M.W.PharaohVIAQ – Dr.M.W.Pharaoh

© 2006 IARC

Typical MDI foam – micro chamberTypical MDI foam – micro chamber

2.5 5.0 7.5 10.0 12.5 15.0 17.5 20.0 22.5 25.0 27.5 30.0 32.5

0.25

0.50

0.75

1.00

1.25

1.50

(x1,000,000)TIC

Relatively simple trace showing strong response from low molecular weight compound

16VIAQ – Dr.M.W.PharaohVIAQ – Dr.M.W.Pharaoh

© 2006 IARC

Supplier InteractionSupplier Interaction

Headliner

carpets

facia

trim

Components

(component testing)

Materials

(micro chamber)

Adhesives

Sealants

Assistance to suppliers

Tests, reports, training, material choices

17VIAQ – Dr.M.W.PharaohVIAQ – Dr.M.W.Pharaoh

© 2006 IARC

Supplier ReportsSupplier Reports

Fostering Increased Collaboration

Procedure:

initial meeting

Material / Component samples (with known history)

Test programme

Tailored, confidential, reports / conclusions

• Contribution to VIAQ

• Issues

• Material choice options, if needed