河套学院外语系张浩 2014 年 8 月口译教程口译教程. Contents Course Nature Course Objectives Teaching Resources Pedagogical Principles Teaching Plans Testing

河套学院外语系张浩河套学院外语系张浩20142014 年年 88 月月

口译教程口译教程

ContentsContents

Course NatureCourse Nature

Course ObjectivesCourse Objectives

Teaching ResourcesTeaching Resources

Pedagogical PrinciplesPedagogical Principles

Teaching PlansTeaching Plans

Testing & EvaluationTesting & Evaluation

I. Course NatureI. Course Nature

skill-based interpreting training courseskill-based interpreting training course

II. Course ObjectivesII. Course Objectives

Main objectiveMain objective

◆ ◆ to develop or improveto develop or improve

comprehensive CI skillscomprehensive CI skills

ByproductsByproducts

◆ ◆ improved language proficiency improved language proficiency

◆ ◆ expanded knowledge baseexpanded knowledge base

III. Teaching ResourcesIII. Teaching Resources

A textbookA textbookCompanion textbooksCompanion textbooksThe internetThe internetTV programsTV programsNewspapers & magazinesNewspapers & magazines

III. Teaching ResourcesIII. Teaching Resources

Some useful websitesSome useful websites www.kouyi.orgwww.kouyi.org （口译网）（口译网） tr.hjenglish.com tr.hjenglish.com （沪江口译频道）（沪江口译频道） www.hjenglish.comwww.hjenglish.com （沪江英语）（沪江英语） www.putclub.comwww.putclub.com （普特英语听力）（普特英语听力） www.chinadaily.com.cnwww.chinadaily.com.cn （中国日报）（中国日报） www.fmprc.gov.cnwww.fmprc.gov.cn （中华人民共和国外交部）（中华人民共和国外交部） www.wto.govwww.wto.gov （世贸组织）（世贸组织） www.whitehouse.govwww.whitehouse.gov （美国白宫网）（美国白宫网） official websites of specialized organizations…official websites of specialized organizations…

IV. Pedagogical PrinciplesIV. Pedagogical Principles

Skill-based and skills practiced Skill-based and skills practiced separately or in combinationseparately or in combination

Instructor-guided and student-Instructor-guided and student-centeredcentered

Theoretical components includedTheoretical components included Both process & product stressedBoth process & product stressed Both textbooks and additional Both textbooks and additional

materials neededmaterials needed

Skill-based TeachingSkill-based Teaching

Overall introduction to interpretingOverall introduction to interpreting

Active listening Active listening discourse analysisdiscourse analysis

MemoryMemory Note-taking Note-taking

Public speakingPublic speaking Cross-cultural communicationCross-cultural communication Interpreting figuresInterpreting figures Coping tactics;Coping tactics; Advance preparationAdvance preparation

V. Teaching PlanV. Teaching Plan

1 semester, 8 weeks, 2 periods/week, 1 semester, 8 weeks, 2 periods/week, 45m/period45m/period

Skill training running through the entire Skill training running through the entire semester :8 weeks for in-class semester :8 weeks for in-class practice,8 weeks for pre-class and practice,8 weeks for pre-class and post-class practice.post-class practice.

1 week for each topic, E-C and C-E 1 week for each topic, E-C and C-E practice are mixed up,practice are mixed up,

HomeworkHomework

After each class, you are asked toAfter each class, you are asked to Finish the assigned recording task(listen to Finish the assigned recording task(listen to

the CD for at most 3 times, interpret the the CD for at most 3 times, interpret the materials and record your materials and record your performance,email to the teacherperformance,email to the teacher

[email protected]@sina.com Pre-read the textbook for the next Pre-read the textbook for the next

class(section 1,4,5 of each lesson)class(section 1,4,5 of each lesson)

GradingGrading

Daily performance (Daily performance (40%)40%) AttendenceAttendence Participation in classParticipation in class

Homework (at least Homework (at least 66 times) ( times) (30%)30%) Final examation (Final examation (30%30%))

Standard of assessmentStandard of assessment

Completeness 30%Completeness 30% Acuracy 30%Acuracy 30% Delivery 10%Delivery 10% Fluency\timeliness 10%Fluency\timeliness 10% Articulation 10%Articulation 10% Coping capacity 10%Coping capacity 10%

Types of assessmentTypes of assessment

Teacher’s assessmentTeacher’s assessment Peer’s assessmentPeer’s assessment Self-assessmentSelf-assessment

Unit 1: Introduction to Unit 1: Introduction to InterpretingInterpreting

Highlights:Highlights: DefinitionDefinition Comparison between interpreting and Comparison between interpreting and

translationtranslation Types of interpretingTypes of interpreting Process of interpretingProcess of interpreting Basic requirements for interpretersBasic requirements for interpreters

Types of InterpretationTypes of Interpretation

Form-basedForm-based Consecutive interpreting(CI)Consecutive interpreting(CI) Simultaneous interpreting(SI)Simultaneous interpreting(SI) Sight interpreting Sight interpreting Whisper IWhisper I Relay IRelay I

Task-basedTask-based Conference interpretationConference interpretation Ceremonial ICeremonial I Escort IEscort I Guide IGuide I Diplomatic IDiplomatic I Court ICourt I Community ICommunity I

4 Process of interpretation4 Process of interpretation Decode(listen→analyze→understand ) Decode(listen→analyze→understand ) ↓↓ memorizememorize ↓↓ Encode(reconstruct→express)Encode(reconstruct→express)

interpreting is a process of “understanding and interpreting is a process of “understanding and making understood”making understood”

interpreting is a multi-tasking activity with brain, interpreting is a multi-tasking activity with brain, eyes, ears, mouth, hand involvedeyes, ears, mouth, hand involved

basic requirements for interpretersbasic requirements for interpreters

A strong sense of duty, abide by the A strong sense of duty, abide by the professional ethicsprofessional ethics::

ConfidentialityConfidentiality 保密保密 ImpartialityImpartiality 公正公正 AccuracyAccuracy 准确准确 ObjectivenessObjectiveness 客观客观 CompetenceCompetence 胜任胜任

basic requirements for interpretersbasic requirements for interpreters

A high level of linguistic proficiencyA high level of linguistic proficiency Encyclopedic knowledgeEncyclopedic knowledge A good mastery of interpreting skillsA good mastery of interpreting skills A powerful memoryA powerful memory A nimble mindA nimble mind Equanimity,mental composureEquanimity,mental composure Powers of focused concentrationPowers of focused concentration Oral skillsOral skills Social skillsSocial skills Good healthGood health

The second sessionThe second session

Active listening and discourse analysisActive listening and discourse analysis 积极听入与语篇分析积极听入与语篇分析

Active listeningActive listening

Three guidelines for active listeningThree guidelines for active listening

1. Listen to the meaning instead of words1. Listen to the meaning instead of words

deverbalizationdeverbalization

2. Listen for both context and attitude2. Listen for both context and attitude

3. Listen with ears, eyes and heart3. Listen with ears, eyes and heart


How to listen activelyHow to listen actively 2. pay attention to the key words\ sense group 2. pay attention to the key words\ sense group

and sentence structureand sentence structureEg.Eg.19791979 年年 1010 月月 2525 日日，，国际奥委会执委会国际奥委会执委会在日本在日本

东京东京举行举行会议会议，一致，一致通过通过恢复中国在国际奥委会恢复中国在国际奥委会的合法席位的的合法席位的决议决议。。 1111 月月 2626 日日，国际奥委会宣，国际奥委会宣布，布，决定决定中华人民共和国奥林匹克委员会的名称中华人民共和国奥林匹克委员会的名称为为“中国奥林匹克委员会”“中国奥林匹克委员会”，设在台湾的奥委会，设在台湾的奥委会的名称是的名称是“中国台北奥林匹克委员会”“中国台北奥林匹克委员会”。。随即随即，，中国奥委会作出中国奥委会作出了参加了参加 19801980 年奥运会的年奥运会的决定决定。。


How to listen activelyHow to listen actively 3. pay attention to the transitional words, 3. pay attention to the transitional words,

link wordslink words

However, but, so, furthermore, similarly, as However, but, so, furthermore, similarly, as a result, on the contrary, in summery……a result, on the contrary, in summery……

Discours analysisDiscours analysis

1. Identification of the speech types1. Identification of the speech types ① ① descriptive writingdescriptive writing ② ② narrative writingnarrative writing ③ ③ expositive writingexpositive writing ④ ④ persuasive writingpersuasive writing


2. identify the main idea at sentence level2. identify the main idea at sentence level subject, verb, object (SVO)subject, verb, object (SVO) 3. Identify the main idea at discourse level3. Identify the main idea at discourse level topic sentencetopic sentence


4. Analyze the logical relations4. Analyze the logical relations ① ① generalizationgeneralization ② ② classificationclassification ③ ③ cause-effectcause-effect ④ ④ sequencingsequencing ⑤ ⑤ compare\contrastcompare\contrast ⑥ ⑥ simple listingsimple listing

homeworkhomework

Page 11, 12, 14 in the textbookPage 11, 12, 14 in the textbook Listen and practice retelling, then record Listen and practice retelling, then record

your retelling performance, try not to refer your retelling performance, try not to refer to the text in the bookto the text in the book

The third sessionThe third session

MemoryMemory

Theory focusTheory focus

memory mechanismmemory mechanism ◆◆ 3 types of memory 3 types of memory

sensory memory, sensory memory,

short-term memory (STM)short-term memory (STM),,

long-term memory (LTM)long-term memory (LTM)

Information UnitsInformation Units

7±2 principle7±2 principle

20032003 年年 66 月月 2929 日日 //// ，中华人民共和国商务，中华人民共和国商务部部 //// 安民副部长安民副部长 //// 代表中国政府代表中国政府 //// 与香港特别行与香港特别行政区财政司政区财政司 //// 梁锦松司长梁锦松司长 //// 共同签署了共同签署了 //// 《《内地内地与香港关于建立更紧密经贸关系的安排与香港关于建立更紧密经贸关系的安排 //// 》》，总，总体目标包括体目标包括 //// 货物贸易货物贸易 //// 和服务贸易的自由化和服务贸易的自由化 //// ，，以及贸易投资便利化三个方面以及贸易投资便利化三个方面 //// 。。

3 factors to hinder interpreting3 factors to hinder interpreting

The limitation of STMThe limitation of STM The inactiveness of LTMThe inactiveness of LTM Huge psychological stressHuge psychological stress

Tips for memory enhancementTips for memory enhancement

Understand what is utteredUnderstand what is utteredMemory is based on Memory is based on

comprehensioncomprehension


Visualization Visualization 信息视觉化信息视觉化Organization Organization 信息组织信息组织Mental repetition Mental repetition 大脑重复大脑重复Chunking Chunking 信息组块化信息组块化Association Association 信息联想信息联想


Activate long-term memoryActivate long-term memory Recall what you know and Recall what you know and

experienceexperience


Note-takingNote-taking An effective way to aid memoryAn effective way to aid memory

Skill-related ExerciseSkill-related Exercise

Listen and retell in SLListen and retell in SLFocus on main ideasFocus on main ideasAnalyze nature of the information and Analyze nature of the information and

causes for information losscauses for information lossListen and retell in TL …Listen and retell in TL …

A movie synopsis A movie synopsis

DivergentDivergent 分歧者分歧者——异类觉醒异类觉醒

STM practiceSTM practice

Activate LTMActivate LTM

““Hotels in China”Hotels in China” Ease your momory by using your stored Ease your momory by using your stored

information and experienceinformation and experience

homeworkhomework

1.Use logical induction to memorize the 1.Use logical induction to memorize the following speechfollowing speech

““青少年心理健康” 青少年心理健康” on page 39on page 39 2.According to your common sense, try to 2.According to your common sense, try to

interpret the following material on page 41interpret the following material on page 41

The fourth sessionThe fourth session

Note-takingNote-taking


Skill focusSkill focus ◆ ◆ nature of notesnature of notes

◆ ◆ characteristics of note-takingcharacteristics of note-taking

◆ ◆ what to notewhat to note

◆ ◆ how to notehow to note

Nature of NotesNature of Notes

≠ ≠: shorthand notes: shorthand notes

lecture noteslecture notes

meeting minutesmeeting minutes

dictationdictation

＝＝ : - product of comprehension: - product of comprehension

and logical analysisand logical analysis

- personal memory- personal memory

aids/remindersaids/reminders

Characteristics for NotesCharacteristics for Notes

InstantaneousInstantaneous ConciseConcise ExclusiveExclusive PersonalPersonal Based on comprehensionBased on comprehension

What to NoteWhat to Note

key words and phraseskey words and phrases link wordslink words figures and proper nounsfigures and proper nouns List examples List examples technical termstechnical terms modifiersmodifiers beginning and endbeginning and end

How to NoteHow to Note

symbols and signssymbols and signs abbreviationsabbreviations partial words/phrasespartial words/phrases SL + TL + SL + TL + pinyinpinyin a long line at the end of aa long line at the end of a speech segmentspeech segment legible handwritinglegible handwriting LogicalLogical Few words, more linesFew words, more lines

symbols and signssymbols and signs

Math symbolsMath symbols Punctuation marksPunctuation marks Conventional symbolsConventional symbols Picture marksPicture marks Lines and arrowsLines and arrows Self-developed symbolsSelf-developed symbols

How to NoteHow to Note

a loose-leaf note pada loose-leaf note pad palm size when standingpalm size when standing B5 or A4 with tables and chairsB5 or A4 with tables and chairs pen or ballpoint pen openedpen or ballpoint pen opened

with a click preferredwith a click preferred lines sparsely writtenlines sparsely written using big words/signsusing big words/signs a margin left on one or a margin left on one or

both sidesboth sides

Practice 1Practice 1

practice 2 practice 2 basic edu: pre-

小 → 初 Y9

普高

残特

盲

C: 200 M 中 & 小

+ pre-

∴ □: -- 优先

as infra. + edu. Key

Gov: -- goal:

’10, ≈ or ＝中 D

1/6

Case ACase A

Apply the note-taking skills to the following Apply the note-taking skills to the following passages, listen to the teacher and take passages, listen to the teacher and take notes , then retell or interpret the passages notes , then retell or interpret the passages in target languagein target language

Pair work/group workPair work/group work Demo from senior studentsDemo from senior students

Case BCase B

Text AText A

The fifth sessionThe fifth session

Public SpeakingPublic Speaking

Public Speaking SkillsPublic Speaking Skills

Theory focus Theory focus ◆◆ interpreting as a communicative actinterpreting as a communicative act

Skill focusSkill focus ◆◆ verbal and non-verbal aspectsverbal and non-verbal aspects

◆◆ coping with stage frightcoping with stage fright

◆ ◆ features of different types of speechesfeatures of different types of speeches

Topic focusTopic focus ◆ ◆ different kinds of ceremonial speechesdifferent kinds of ceremonial speeches

Skill FocusSkill FocusVerbal aspects Verbal aspects ◆◆ clarity as a priorityclarity as a priority

◆◆ clear pronunciation and articulationclear pronunciation and articulation

◆◆ strong voice (audible), strong voice (audible), pitch (sound natural)pitch (sound natural)

◆◆ intonation, tone, avoid being monotonousintonation, tone, avoid being monotonous

◆◆ proper speed of speakingproper speed of speaking

◆◆ fluency (short EVS, proper pace, empty fluency (short EVS, proper pace, empty fillers, unnecessary repetition or self fillers, unnecessary repetition or self

correction, hesitation, pet phrases, etc.)correction, hesitation, pet phrases, etc.)

Skill FocusSkill Focus

Non-verbal aspects Non-verbal aspects

◆◆ eye contacteye contact

◆◆ personal appearancepersonal appearance

◆◆ appropriate mannerism (be friendly, don’t appropriate mannerism (be friendly, don’t frown, avoid too much body language)frown, avoid too much body language)

◆◆ microphone mannermicrophone manner

◆◆ first personfirst person


A 3-minute speech prepared in advance in A 3-minute speech prepared in advance in Chinese/English on a hotspot issueChinese/English on a hotspot issue;;

the speech delivered in front of the classthe speech delivered in front of the class Instructor and peer comments on both the Instructor and peer comments on both the

verbal and non-verbal aspects verbal and non-verbal aspects


Impromptu speech (a 3-point statement)Impromptu speech (a 3-point statement) Put forward 3 statements, 3 examples, 3 Put forward 3 statements, 3 examples, 3

reasons etc.reasons etc. Examples.Examples. 1. IT industries have transformed the way 1. IT industries have transformed the way

we we livelive, , workwork and and do business.do business. 2. Together, 2. Together, our creativityour creativity, , our innovationour innovation, ,

our courage have set the pace in world our courage have set the pace in world economic development for centuries.economic development for centuries.


3.3. 我们大学我们大学设备先进设备先进、、教师一流教师一流、、学生优秀学生优秀。。 4. 4. 优越的地理位置优越的地理位置、、理想的投资环境理想的投资环境、、有力有力

的政府支持的政府支持是外伤看好我们市的重要原因。是外伤看好我们市的重要原因。 5.5. 调整利率调整利率不利于出口经济不利于出口经济，，无助于国民收无助于国民收

入增长入增长，，浪费了经济发展的一个大好机会浪费了经济发展的一个大好机会。。 66 。“三讲”、“三个代表”、“三农经济”、。“三讲”、“三个代表”、“三农经济”、

“三民主义”“三民主义”


Choose one of the following topics and Choose one of the following topics and make a 3-point speech impromptumake a 3-point speech impromptu..

1. Is the internet a blessing or a curse1. Is the internet a blessing or a curse 2. The key to happiness2. The key to happiness 3. The standard of ideal job3. The standard of ideal job 4. The most important elements for 4. The most important elements for

successsuccess


Interpret the short storiesInterpret the short stories, try to apply the , try to apply the verbal and non-verbal skills of public speech verbal and non-verbal skills of public speech to your interpretation.to your interpretation.

Instructor and peer commentsInstructor and peer comments on both the on both the verbal and non-verbal aspectsverbal and non-verbal aspects

Topic Focus: Different Types of SpeechesTopic Focus: Different Types of Speeches

◆◆ Opening/closing remarks Opening/closing remarks (P16,25)(P16,25) ““尊敬的尊敬的…………”” ““金秋十月，蜀地飘香金秋十月，蜀地飘香……”……” “ “ 我谨代表我谨代表…………向向…………表示祝贺（欢迎、感谢等）表示祝贺（欢迎、感谢等）……”……” “ “ 最后，我祝大会取得圆满成功，祝代表们最后，我祝大会取得圆满成功，祝代表们……”……”

◆◆ Toast:Toast:

““让我们共同举杯，为让我们共同举杯，为…………干杯！”干杯！” ◆ ◆ Presentation speechPresentation speech ◆ ◆ Video addressVideo address

… …

The sixth sessionThe sixth session

Cultural AwarenessCultural Awareness

Cross Cultural AwarenessCross Cultural Awareness Theory focus Theory focus ◆ ◆ intercultural vs. intraculturalintercultural vs. intracultural

◆ ◆ awareness vs. skills awareness vs. skills ◆ ◆ verbal vs. non-verbalverbal vs. non-verbal

Skill focus Skill focus ◆ ◆ cultural sensitivity encouragedcultural sensitivity encouraged ◆ ◆ nonverbal aspects stressednonverbal aspects stressed ◆ ◆ cultural mediation before, during and after cultural mediation before, during and after a communication eventa communication event

Topic focus Topic focus ◆ ◆ culture, reception, etc.culture, reception, etc.

Culture-related questions askedCulture-related questions asked

““您这么大年纪，今天又走了这么多路，一定累坏了。您这么大年纪，今天又走了这么多路，一定累坏了。就早点休息吧。” 就早点休息吧。” How would you translate this How would you translate this utterance?utterance?

If vulgar words are uttered,such as “If vulgar words are uttered,such as “ 这简直是脱了这简直是脱了裤子放屁！” 裤子放屁！” How would you translate this How would you translate this utterance?utterance?

如果讲话人两个食指交叉，说“每个组有如果讲话人两个食指交叉，说“每个组有 1010 人。” 人。” Are you going to imitate his hand gestures? Why or Are you going to imitate his hand gestures? Why or why not? If not, how are you going to do it?why not? If not, how are you going to do it?

…………


同志、阿姨、大姐、大妹子同志、阿姨、大姐、大妹子 as titles to as titles to address people, How would you translate address people, How would you translate this utterance?this utterance?

迎接远道而来的客人。“您一定累了吧？” 迎接远道而来的客人。“您一定累了吧？” How would you translate this utterance?How would you translate this utterance?

您岁数大，请您上座您岁数大，请您上座 How would you How would you translate this utterance? ……translate this utterance? ……


参观后，请您多提宝贵意见参观后，请您多提宝贵意见 How would you translate How would you translate this utterance?this utterance?

这没什么，这是我应该做的这没什么，这是我应该做的 How would you How would you translate this utterance?translate this utterance?

哪里，哪里，我做的不好” 哪里，哪里，我做的不好” How would you How would you translate this utterance?translate this utterance?

您能告诉我您能告诉我…………？？ How would you translate this How would you translate this utterance?utterance?

你讲英语吗？你讲英语吗？ How would you translate this How would you translate this utterance?utterance?


饭菜不好，请多多包涵饭菜不好，请多多包涵 How would you translate this How would you translate this utterance?utterance?

干杯干杯 How would you translate this utterance?How would you translate this utterance? 老弱病残孕专座” 老弱病残孕专座” How would you translate this How would you translate this

utterance?utterance? 精神文化生活精神文化生活 How would you translate this How would you translate this

utterance?utterance? 三讲：讲学习，讲政治，讲正义三讲：讲学习，讲政治，讲正义 How would you How would you

translate this utterance?translate this utterance? 香港回归、台湾问题香港回归、台湾问题


三个和尚没水吃三个和尚没水吃 How would you translate How would you translate this utterance?this utterance?

吃醋吃醋 ?lucky dog?lucky dog ？？他的心如同十五个吊桶打水，七上八下他的心如同十五个吊桶打水，七上八下 How How

would you translate this utterance? ……would you translate this utterance? …… 和尚打伞和尚打伞 ------ 无法无天无法无天

Unit Unit 77: Interpreting Figures: Interpreting Figures

Theory focus Theory focus ◆ ◆ differences in E and C numerical systemsdifferences in E and C numerical systems

Skill focus Skill focus ◆ ◆ read properly read properly ◆ ◆ note-taking a must note-taking a must ◆ ◆ using “.” and “,” when taking notes using “.” and “,” when taking notes ◆ ◆ special method to cope with numberspecial method to cope with number

Topic focus Topic focus ◆ ◆ economy, foreign trade, population, finance, etc.economy, foreign trade, population, finance, etc.

Read in both C and ERead in both C and E

9090 890890 78907890 6789067890 567890567890 45678904567890 3456789034567890 234567890234567890 12345678901234567890

One of the difficulties of figure interpreting is One of the difficulties of figure interpreting is the conversion of the conversion of numbers betweent C and E due to the different digit unit in C and numbers betweent C and E due to the different digit unit in C and E ,and not every digit unit has a counterpart in EE ,and not every digit unit has a counterpart in E

1.Conversion of numbers betweent C and E1.Conversion of numbers betweent C and E

digitsdigits

11 22 33 44 55 66 77 88 99 1010 1111

Chinese

Chinese

个个十十百百千千万万十十万万

百百万万

千千万万

亿亿十十亿亿

……....

English

English

hun

dre

dh

und

red

thou

san

dtho

usa

nd

millio

nm

illion

billio

nb

illion

……....

2.Comparison expressions2.Comparison expressions

1.1. 中国中国 19951995 年的国民收入比年的国民收入比 19801980 年翻了年翻了两番两番。。

2.2.买书占了他收入的买书占了他收入的三成。三成。

3. 3. 九折九折

China’s national income in 1995 was China’s national income in 1995 was four timesfour times that of 1980.that of 1980.

Buying book ocupies Buying book ocupies 30%30% of his income. of his income.

10%10% discount discount

3.Measurement units3.Measurement units

Chinese units: Chinese units: 亩、顷、斤、里、度亩、顷、斤、里、度 English units:hectare, kilogram,kilometer, English units:hectare, kilogram,kilometer,

mile, farenheitmile, farenheit

Skill practice : read properlySkill practice : read properly

1. multi-digit numbers1. multi-digit numbers 21,536 40,632 79,064 109,06221,536 40,632 79,064 109,062 5,978,300 96,329,100 873,665,300 5,978,300 96,329,100 873,665,300

78,112,030,331 3,853,000,000,000 78,112,030,331 3,853,000,000,000


2. time2. time 9:309:30 10:1010:10 7:557:55 8:158:15

Arrival time 1:58Arrival time 1:58Departure time 2:02Departure time 2:02


3.year, century3.year, century 17071707 20122012 In the 1950sIn the 1950s 在在 1818 世纪中叶世纪中叶

read separatelyread separately

4.phone number, postal code, room 4.phone number, postal code, room numbernumber

Tel 505-6601Tel 505-6601 Rm.344Rm.344 P.C 015000P.C 015000



5. fractions ,decimal ,percentage5. fractions ,decimal ,percentage numeratornumerator(cardinal)(cardinal)//denominatordenominator(ordinal)(ordinal) 1/5 ½ 1/5 ½ 7/12 ¾ 2 ½7/12 ¾ 2 ½ 23/7523/75 2.468 0.1572.468 0.157 16.09%16.09%

Note-taking Note-taking

Note down the number in source Note down the number in source language, apply “language, apply “,,” to divide the number ” to divide the number every 3 digitsevery 3 digits after trillion, after trillion, billion,million,thousand. Remember to fill billion,million,thousand. Remember to fill the vacancy with 0the vacancy with 0

Eg1. Eg1. 七十九万六千三百五十四七十九万六千三百五十四 (C-E)(C-E) Eg2. Ninty eight million seven thousand Eg2. Ninty eight million seven thousand

and sixty five(E-C)and sixty five(E-C)


If the number is over million under billion, If the number is over million under billion, use “use “..” plus M” plus M

三百二十五万六千三百二十五万六千六千四百二十万零一十六千四百二十万零一十一亿三千二百六十五万一亿三千二百六十五万

Special methods to cope with numbersSpecial methods to cope with numbers

Interpreting of some special ordinal numbersInterpreting of some special ordinal numbers 你们队的了第几？你们队的了第几？这是你第几次来中国？这是你第几次来中国？你是你们家老几？你是你们家老几？ fuzzy expressions of numbersfuzzy expressions of numbers 几个，几十个，几十年，好几百，成千上万几个，几十个，几十年，好几百，成千上万几十万的，亿万的几十万的，亿万的

HomeworkHomework Page 108 10.1 10.2Page 108 10.1 10.2 Page 120 11.1Page 120 11.1

Unit Unit 88: Coping Tactics: Coping Tactics

Theory focus Theory focus ◆ ◆ interpreting as both a linguistic andinterpreting as both a linguistic and

socio-cultural phenomenonsocio-cultural phenomenon

◆ ◆ interpreter’s multiple roles interpreter’s multiple roles

Skill focus Skill focus ◆ ◆ crisis management skillscrisis management skills

◆ ◆ coping tactics for language-related emergenciescoping tactics for language-related emergencies

◆ ◆ coping tactics for non-linguistic emergenciescoping tactics for non-linguistic emergencies

Topic focus Topic focus ◆ ◆ HK, Macao and Taiwan, public health, etc.HK, Macao and Taiwan, public health, etc.

Coping tactics for language-related Coping tactics for language-related emergenciesemergencies

Check with the speakerCheck with the speaker Seek help from a teammate, listener, etc.Seek help from a teammate, listener, etc. ParaphrasingParaphrasing GeneralizationGeneralization Parrot repetitionParrot repetition Logical guessingLogical guessing Omission or skippingOmission or skipping TranscodingTranscoding ……

Selection of coping tactics for Selection of coping tactics for language-related emergencieslanguage-related emergencies

Maximizing information recoveryMaximizing information recovery Minimizing recovery interferenceMinimizing recovery interference Maximizing the communication impact of the Maximizing the communication impact of the

speechspeech The law of least effortThe law of least effort Self protectionSelf protection

(Gile 1995)(Gile 1995)

Coping tactics for linguistic Coping tactics for linguistic emergenciesemergencies

No hard and fast answers to these Qs.No hard and fast answers to these Qs.

General principles to followGeneral principles to follow

Unit Unit 99: Advance Preparation: Advance Preparation

Theory focus Theory focus ◆ ◆ Gile’s comprehension equationGile’s comprehension equation

◆ ◆ Gile’s effort model of CI Gile’s effort model of CI

Skill focus Skill focus ◆ ◆ long-term preparationlong-term preparation

◆ ◆ short-term preparationshort-term preparation

◆ ◆ last-minute preparationlast-minute preparation

◆ ◆ in-conference preparationin-conference preparation

Topic focus Topic focus ◆ ◆ finance, politics, etc.finance, politics, etc.

Gile’s modelsGile’s models

Comprehension equation Comprehension equation ◆ ◆ C = KL + ELK + AC = KL + ELK + A

Effort model of CI Effort model of CI ◆ ◆ phase Iphase I

I = L + N + M + CI = L + N + M + C

◆ ◆ phase IIphase II

I = Rem + Read + PI = Rem + Read + P

Long-term preparationLong-term preparation

bilingual knowledgebilingual knowledge interpreting skillsinterpreting skills cultural sensitivitycultural sensitivity cross-cultural communication cross-cultural communication

competencecompetence subject-related knowledge & subject-related knowledge &

terminologyterminology general knowledgegeneral knowledge

Short-term preparationShort-term preparation

basic information about the taskbasic information about the task subject knowledge & terminology subject knowledge & terminology

preparationpreparation language preparationlanguage preparation psychological preparationpsychological preparation pre-departure preparationpre-departure preparation

Pre-departure preparationPre-departure preparation

dressdress stationerystationery documentsdocuments transportationtransportation beverage beverage

… …

Last-minute preparationLast-minute preparation

arriving earlyarriving early familiarizing with the environmentfamiliarizing with the environment checking with the organizerchecking with the organizer checking equipmentchecking equipment talking to earlier comerstalking to earlier comers getting physically and psychologicallygetting physically and psychologically readyready … …

Thank you!Thank you!

Documents

河套学院外语系 张浩 2014 年 8 月 口译教程 口译教程. Contents Course Nature Course Objectives Teaching Resources Pedagogical Principles Teaching Plans Testing

河套学院外语系张浩 2014 年 8 月口译教程口译教程. Contents Course Nature Course Objectives Teaching Resources Pedagogical Principles Teaching Plans Testing