© 2015, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Introduction to Medical Terminology Chapter 1

© 2015, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Introduction to Medical TerminologyIntroduction to Medical Terminology

Chapter 1


Primary Medical Terms

• Primary medical terms enable you to prioritize terms in your study of medical terminology.


Word Parts Are the Key!

• Four basic types of word parts are used tocreate complex medical terms:

– Word roots– Combining forms– Suffixes– Prefixes

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Word Parts Are the Key!

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Word Roots

• Word roots usually, but not always, indicate thepart of the body involved.

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Word Roots

• Examples:– cardi = heart

– gastr = stomach

– neur = nerveNote: Word roots do not mean pertaining to orrelating to; that meaning comes from the suffix.


Combining Forms

• Created by adding a vowel (usually the letter“o”) to the end of a word root.

• Used when connecting word roots or whenthe word root is joined to a suffix that beginswith a consonant.

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Combining Forms

• Examples:– cardi/o = heart

– gastr/o = stomach

– neur/o = nerve

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Combining Forms

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Suffixes

• Suffixes usually, but not always, indicate theprocedure, condition, disorder, or disease.

• Examples:– cardiomegaly

– gastralgia

– neuritis

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Suffixes

• Example:

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Prefixes

• Prefixes usually, but not always, indicatelocation, time, number, or status.

• Examples:– pericardium

– epigastric

– polyneuritis

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Prefixes

• Example:

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Determining Meanings on theBasis of Word Parts

• Decipher these medical terms based on theirword parts:– cardiologist

– gastritis

– neuralgia

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Determining Meanings on theBasis of Word Parts

• An example to take apart:

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Additional Lessons in This Chapter

• Using a medical dictionary

• The “sounds-like” pronunciation system

• Why spelling counts

• Caution when using abbreviations

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Additional Lessons in This Chapter

• Singular and plural endings

• Basic medical terms

• Look-alike, sound-alike terms and word parts


Key Word Parts and Definitions

• -algia – pain, painful condition

• dys- – bad, difficult, or painful

• -ectomy – surgical removal, cutting out, excision

• hyper-– excessive, increased

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• hypo- – deficient, decreased

• -itis – inflammation

• -osis – abnormal condition, disease

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• -ostomy – the surgical creation of an artificial opening to the

body surface

• -otomy – cutting, surgical incision

• -plasty – surgical repair

• -rrhage – bleeding, abnormal excessive fluid discharge

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• -rrhaphy – surgical suturing

• -rrhea – flow or discharge

• -rrhexis – rupture

• -sclerosis – abnormal hardening


QuestionsQuestions


Question

A vertebra is a bone in the spine. What is theplural of vertebra?

a. vertebras

b. vertebri

c. vertebrae


Question

Inter- means within or inside.

True or False?


Question

Losing a large amount of blood in a shorttime is a:

a. hemorage

b. hemorrhage

c. hemorhage


Question

The ilium is part of the hip bone, and the ileum ispart of the small intestine.

True or False?

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© 2015, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Introduction to Medical Terminology Chapter 1