© 2019 AVEVA Group plc and its subsidiaries. All … AWC NA Presentations Day...• Lease tanks that don’t have a meter to measure the output • Don’t correct for CTSh • Procedure

© 2019 AVEVA Group plc and its subsidiaries. All rights reserved.

Presented by:

Session ID: OGP-15

Roundtable 2019: AVEVA Measurement Advisor – Liquid Measurement


Mike Demcoe, P.Eng, Senior Product Manager, O&G Pipeline Solutions

November 14th, 2019

Roundtable: Measurement Advisor – Liquid Measurement

• This is an open session to gather information for features that should be added into AVEVA

Measurement Advisor to support Liquid Measurement

• Feedback sessions are important as it is direct input into the roadmap

• Opportunity for discussing common problems and brainstorming solutions

• Information gathered will be compiled and posted to the Digital CAB

• https://aveva-cabs.centercode.com/enter/


Introduction

https://aveva-cabs.centercode.com/enter/

Liquid Measurement


What is AVEVA Measurement Advisor

• A system designed to securely store, edit,

recalculate, validate, and audit flow

parameters of natural gas for integrity

measurement and custody transfer

applications according to industry

standards and best practices (AGA, API,

GPA, etc).

Corporate Measurement System


AVEVA Measurement Advisor


Functionality & ModulesFlow MeasurementGQ Management• Validation

• Flow Editing

• Estimation

• Aggregation

• Spreading

• Balancing

• Prior Period Adjustments

• Calibration

• Field Technician Workflow Management

Primary Goals of the Measurement System

• To obtain timely measurement data (meter readings, gas compositions)• Receive polled data from flow computers (EFMs) and chromatographs

• Importing third party data

• Manual data entry

• To ensure accurate measurement data• Estimation of late or missing data

• Validation of data and configuration

• Recalculations

• Balancing

• To provide an audit trail of data changes• Configuration

• Transactional data edits and prior period adjustments


Configure

Collect

Confirm

Close

Liquid Measurement

• API Chapter 11.1 - Temperature and Pressure Volume Correction

Factors for Generalized Crude Oils, Refined Products, and Lubricating Oils

• API Chapter 11.2.2/11.2.2M

• Compressibility Factors for Hydrocarbons: 0.350–0.637 Relative

Density (60 °F/60 °F) and –50 °F to 140 °F Metering Temperature

• Compressibility Factors for Hydrocarbons: 350–637 Kilograms per

Cubic Meter Density (15 °C) and –46 °C to 60 °C Metering Temperature

• API Chapter 11.2.4 - Temperature Correction for the Volume of NGL

and LPG

• API Chapter 11.2.5 - A Simplified Vapor Pressure Correlation for

Commercial NGLs

• API Chapter 11.5 - Density/Weight/Volume Intraconversion


• API Chapter 12.1.1 - Calculation of Static Petroleum Quantities, Part

1—Upright Cylindrical Tanks and Marine Vessels

• API Chapter 12.2.2 - Calculation of Petroleum Quantities Using

Dynamic Measurement Methods and Volumetric Correction Factors, Part 2—

Measurement Tickets

• API Chapter 12.3 - Calculation of Volumetric Shrinkage from Blending

Light Hydrocarbons with Crude Oils

• API Chapter 14.4 - Converting Mass of Natural Gas Liquids and

Vapors to Equivalent Liquid Volumes

• API Chapter 21.2/21.2-A1 - Electronic Liquid Volume

Measurement Using Positive Displacement and Turbine Meters

Main Applicable Standards – American Petroleum Institute, Manual of Petroleum Measurement

Liquid Measurement

• Tickets

• Meters

• Tanks

• Inventory

• Linefill

• Tank

• Quality Information that may be provided after the ticket is created

• Sediment and Water Percent (S&W%)

• Lab Sample Information (Sulphur, composition, TAN, vapor pressure, etc)


Measurement Device Data Sources

Liquid Measurement

• Differences from Gas

• Multiple accumulators associated with the

reading

• Could be a combination of accumulators and

tank gauging

• Corrections based on product not composition

• Multiple different products can be measured by

one meter

• Frequency of readings is more likely to be

aperiodic (irregular)

• 3 volumes to be recorded (IV, GSV, NSV)


Sample Ticket

Liquid Measurement

• IV = MRc – MRo

• GSV = IV * CCF (API 12.2.2)

• GSV = IV * CTL * CPL * MF (API 11.1)

• CCF = CTPL * MF

• CSW = 1 – S&W%/100

• NSV = GSV * CSW

• SWV = GSV - NSV


• IV = Indicated Volume aka Observed Volume

• MRo/MRc = Opening and closing meter readings

• GSV = Gross Standard Volume (corrected to base conditions)

• CCF = Combined Correction Factor

• CTL = Correction for Temperature

• CPL = Correction for Pressure

• CSW = Correction for Sediment and Water

• S&W% = Sediment and Water Percent

• MF = Meter Factor

• NSV = Net Standard Volume

• SWV = Sediment and Water Volume

Meter Volume Calculations

Liquid Measurement

• Correction factors CTL, CPL are dependent upon product, density, and flowing conditions

• Flowing temperature, flowing pressure, flowing density

• Note: Meter may already be temperature and/or pressure compensated.

• Product determines the correction library to use

• Chapter 11.1

• Crude Oil

• Refined Products

• Lubricating Oils

• Special Application

• Chapter 11.2.2/11.2.2M, 11.2.4, 11.2.5 for light hydrocarbons like NGL and LPG


Calculation of Correction Factors

Liquid Measurement

• Lighter hydrocarbons often use mass measurement and calculations

• If volume was measured, then mass needs to be calculated

• Mass = Indicated Volume * Meter Factor * Flowing Density

• Many commercial agreements are based on volume

• Calculate Gross Standard Volume from mass using API 14.4

• Lab analysis to determine the composition of the fluid (ie mass fraction, volume fraction of C1, C2, C3, etc)

• Calculate mass fraction and then mass by component using molar masses found in GPA 2145

• Calculate volume from mass by component using the density of each component found in GPA 2145


Mass Measurement

Liquid Measurement

Mole Percent Component

Spread Weight Mole Fraction

Molar Mass of Component (GPA 2156-16)

Molecular Mass Mass Fraction

Density lbm/gal @60 °F, 14.696 psia (GPA 2145-16)

Component Mass

Component Volume Gallons

xi M xi*M A=xi/sum(xi*M) C = A*Mass C/Density

0.030 He 0.00030 4.0026 0.001 0.00006 1.0404 32 31

2.020 CO2 0.02020 44.0095 0.889 0.04386 6.8129 23940 3514

0.320 N2 0.00320 28.0134 0.090 0.00442 6.7271 2414 359

83.020 C1 0.83020 16.0425 13.318 0.65712 2.5 358654 143461

7.450 C2 0.07450 30.069 2.240 0.11053 2.9704 60325 20309

4.390 C3 0.04390 44.0956 1.936 0.09551 4.2285 52129 12328

0.830 IC4 0.00830 58.1222 0.482 0.02380 4.6925 12991 2768

1.080 NC4 0.01080 58.1222 0.628 0.03097 4.8706 16904 3471

0.310 IC5 0.00310 72.1488 0.224 0.01104 5.212 6023 1156

0.250 NC5 0.00250 72.1488 0.180 0.00890 5.2584 4857 924

0.000 C6 0.6 0.00180 86.1754 0.155 0.00765 5.5364 4177 754

0.000 C7 0.3 0.00090 100.2019 0.090 0.00445 5.7379 2429 423

0.000 C8 0.1 0.00030 114.2285 0.034 0.00169 5.8907 923 157

0.000 C9 0.00000 128.2551 0.000 0.00000 6.0215 0 0

0.000 C10 0.00000 142.2817 0.000 0.00000 6.1244 0 0

0.300 C6+ 0.00000 0.000 0.00000

100.000 1.0 1.00000 20.268 1.00000 545797 189655

Mass (lbm) 545797


Example Mass to Volume Calculation

Liquid Measurement

• Construction of the tank has an effect on the measurement


• Does the tank have a floating roof?

• What is the weight/mass of the roof?

• What level does the roof start to float?

Tanks

• Is the tank insulated?

• What is the material of the shell of the tank?

Liquid Measurement

• Strapping Table (aka Capacity Table)

• Used to look up volume associated with a level

• Strapping table is reconfirmed/updated periodically


Tank Volume Calculations

Liquid Measurement

• Potential inputs into the calculation

• Product

• Observed density @ tank temperature

• Tank liquid temperature

• Ambient air temperature

• Liquid level

• Free water level

• Weight on roof

• Sediment and water percent


Tank Volume Calculation

Liquid Measurement

• GOV = (TOV – FW)*CTSh ± FRA (API 12.1.1)

• GOV = Gross Observed Volume

• TOV = Total Observed Volume

• FW = Free Water volume (the amount of water not suspended in the liquid)

• CTSh = Correction for temperature on the shell of the tank

• FRA = Floating Roof Adjustment

• GSV = GOV * CTL

• NSV and SWV are calculated using the same method as meter readings


Tank Volume Calculations

Liquids Measurement

• API 12.1.1 Section 17

• Lease tanks that don’t have a meter to measure the output

• Don’t correct for CTSh

• Procedure is meant for tanks with 5000 bbls or less (~800 m3)

• Record the opening level and the closing level of the tank

• Look up the volume associated with each level

• Multiply the volume by the temperature correction factor

GSV = GSV(closing) – GSV(opening)


Tank Volume Transfer

Liquids Measurement

• Construction of the pipe segment has an effect on linefill calculations

• Pipe material (mild carbon steel, 304 stainless steel, 316 stainless steel, 17-4PH stainless steel, etc)

• Pipe wall thickness

• Outside diameter

• Length of pipe


Pipe Segment

Liquids Measurement

• Volume in pipe segments divided into batches

• Volumes are corrected to base/standard conditions using the same CTL and CPL

calculations as meter readings

• Average temperature and pressure for the calculation changes as the batches move down

the pipe

• Correct the volume of the pipe based on the effect of temperature and pressure on the

pipe


Pipe Segment Linefill Calculations

Liquids Measurement

• Proving Reports (API 12.2.3)

• “The purpose of determining a meter factor is to ensure the accuracy of measurements,

regardless of how the operating conditions change with respect to density, viscosity, flow rate,

temperature or pressure, by always proving the meter under the specific operating conditions

encountered.”

• This may be accomplished by performing a meter prove for each batch

• The method of pulse detection and the measurement technology utilized by the prover should

be specified

• Displacement Provers

• Open Tank Prover

• Master Meter


Meter Factor Management and Meter Proving

Liquid Measurement

• Repeatability must be < 0.050%

• R% = (Max – Min)/Min * 100

• Two different meter factor calculation methods that are commonly used

• Average Meter Factor Method

• uses a range of intermediate meter factors (IMF) calculated for selected runs

• Average Data Method

• uses a range of meter generated pulses for selected runs

• Number or required runs is a company based decision (guide in API 4.8)

• Prover volume adjusted based on the effect of temperature and pressure


Meter Factor Management and Meter Proving

Liquids Measurement

• Various types of quality data that come from multiple devices

• Sulphur

• Density

• Viscosity

• TAN

• S&W%

• Hydrocarbon analysis

• Quality data is analyzed at different frequencies (e.g. may analyze Sulphur annually)

• Some data could potentially overlap. May need a way to prioritize data sources.

• Tie the quality data to the batch or source/product or configurable?© 2019 AVEVA Group plc and its subsidiaries. All rights reserved.

Quality Management

Liquid Measurement

• Recalculations

• Corrections to data on the ticket, tank reading or linefill record

• Application of newer quality information e.g. new S&W%, updated composition

• Updated meter proving data or meter factors

• Configuration changes such as updates/corrections to the tank strapping table


Measurement Data Processing

Liquid Measurement

• Estimation

• Detect missing or late data

• Some meters have a sequential ticket number

• Some meters should have ending reading match

opening reading

• Some meters should have ending time match

starting time of next

• Some devices generate periodic data

• Fill in missing data

• Default values

• Last good value

• Historical average© 2019 AVEVA Group plc and its subsidiaries. All rights reserved.

• Challenges

• Accumulator roll-over/resets

• Part-time accumulators - some meters may

be periodically re-assigned / co-owned

• Determining correct "level" to do estimation

(ie. ticket vs. accumulator)


Liquid Measurement

• Validation

• Observed density, temperature, pressure within expected product range

• Historical Average, Min/Max Checking

• Temperature

• Pressure

• Volume

• Average flow rate

• Tolerance between field calculated and host calculated data

• E.g. Field calculated CTL, CPL, GSV match reasonably well with host calculated values

• Check that GSV = NSV + SWV

• Other typical errors that should be caught by validation? (Quality validation?)



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© 2019 AVEVA Group plc and its subsidiaries. All … AWC NA Presentations Day...• Lease tanks that don’t have a meter to measure the output • Don’t correct for CTSh • Procedure