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44
Given the complexity of the operation and maintenance of
energy-efficient engineering systems and insufficient experience of
their service, the project of UNDP/ GEF and the Government of
Kazakhstan on energy efficiency in housing & utilities and
construction, arranged a workshop in Karaganda on maintenance,
operation, monitoring and service of the heat recovery engineering
equipment, installed in the building and on basics of heat
consumption monitoring.
The workshop was attended by representatives of the city
administration, international experts from the UNDP, professionals
in housing & utilities and residents of Kazakhstans first
energy-efficient house.
We brought together today the international experts, who were
helping in the project of creating Kazakhstans first
energy-efficient residential building and are now helping to
establish its proper operation. Our task is not only to build a
house, but also to maintain it correctly, so that it brought
benefits to the residents and to the state as a whole, said
Alexander Belyi, coordinator of UNDP / GEF projects in energy
efficiency in the construction and utilities, addressing the
workshop.
These are the benefits in saving on utility bills, the
environmental benefits in terms of reduced greenhouse gas
emissions, social benefits in the form of improving the social
climate in the country, the quality of the air. We bring our
findings to the Government, and upon completion of the project, we
will make a big conference and invite to it all the interested
parties. We report all the findings and recommendations issuing
from the outcome of our work.
Consultant of the UNDP/GEF project Leonid Danilevsky (Belarus)
presented and described the project of construction of Kazakhstans
first energy-efficient residential apartment block in Karaganda. As
he puts it, in fact it is the home of the new generation, because
it has all the advantages of frame buildings, allowing for an open
plan and excluding wet-mix processes at the construction site.
We have developed buildings of two types: five-storey and
nine-storey. In the leading Belarusian S. Ataev NIPTIS Institute
(Research and Design department of energy efficient technologies in
construction), a building was designed of Class B in energy
efficiency; construction documentation of such homes for all
climatic zones of Kazakhstan was developed. The building is
provided with forced ventilation. Floor-by-floor heat recovery is
provided due to airtight window design. The building was
constructed by Yutex company of Karaganda. Funds for the
construction of this high-rise building came from two sources. The
energy efficiency project was supported by UNDP. In this line,
248,000 euro was allocated.The rest sum came from the budget. In
total the construction of the ten-storey building in the Yermekov
street took 460 million tenge. The new house has 184
apartments.
Apart from heightened heat insulation of the walling, windows
with reduced resistance to heat transfer of more than 1.0 m2C/W,
the house has forced supply and exhaust ventilation system with
heat recovery, automated system of heat consumption, horizontal
cabling system, automatic thermo-controllers, heat meters in every
apartment, a single monitoring network of the building.
Forced ventilation system provides forced air flow and saves
thermal energy. The load on the heating system considerably
reduces, the speaker elaborated. Supply and exhaust ventilation
system with every flats accounting and regulation of the energy
saves money. Heat is collected in the vent and returns to the
apartment together with the fresh air. This helps to save on
heating of the apartments.
As the speaker said, in Belarus construction of panel energy
efficient residential buildings is the most common and inexpensive
type of social housing construction.
He further detailed on the construction of energy-efficient
homes in Belarus, which was first in CIS to undertake it. First in
Belarus energy-
initial resultsIn 2013, in Kazakhstan, the first
energy-efficient residential building was constructed in Karaganda,
in which advanced engineering heating and ventilation systems were
installed, improved materials were used in the construction of the
walling, which in combination enable considerable saving of thermal
energy consumption. The house is already lived in.
Participans of workshop
-
45 !
-
46
efficient house was built in 2007 in Krasny Bor-1 micro-district
in Minsk. It is a building with increased thermal insulation of the
walls, based on the principle of an inhomogeneous thermal
insulation, with energy efficient windows, and a special
ventilation system with heat recovery of the leaving air. The level
of heat energy consumption in such a house is about 3 times lower
than in a conventional one. Then energy-efficient masonry unit
house was designed, which was built in Grodno. Similar homes were
built in Gomel and Vitebsk.
Sergey Terekhov (Research and Design department of energy
efficient technologies in construction), S. Ataev NIPTIS Institute,
detailed on the specifics of automation, recovery and heating
system of energy-efficient building in Karaganda in the Yermekov
street.
The need to automate the micro-climate control system is
dictated by the ideology of exploitation of energy-efficient
knowledge. In a typical building, the climate is controlled by
opening and closing of the window. This building is equipped with a
forced ventilation system with heat recovery with synchronized
heating systems. Heat power can be drawn from first or second
heating system. We set the task to provide the residents with a set
of technical means for the climate control of the apartment. The
installed facilities allow the tenant an opportunity to divide the
day into two conditional parts (day and nighttime) and set the
desired temperature on an automatic mode regulator, Sergey Terekhov
said.
Belarus has extensive experience in the construction of
energy-efficient apartment blocks with forced ventilation system
with heat recovery of exhaust air, both positive and negative.
Constantly keeping in mind the presence of positive experience, it
is useful to analyze the problem spots to avoid them in the future.
We can talk about which system is better this subject was
repeatedly discussed at workshops and conferences. Among the
advantages of a decentralized system, not to mention the
possibility of individual control set by each tenant, are the
autonomous systems.The tenant bears all operating costs and has the
right to decide whether to operate the system or not.
Among the advantages of a centralized system we could also name
the possibility of using thermal energy to heat the incoming air.
Operation of this system, despite its simplicity, implies the need
for collective participation of the tenants in it . We mean the
organizational aspect of operation turning on or turning off the
system, at what time and how long. According to the speaker, in the
construction phase particular attention should be paid to the
following aspects: purchase of equipment, construction and
installation works (of equipment including), commissioning of the
equipment, the acceptance of the building in operation. In a good
quality design, construction and operation, the energy-efficient
apartment blocks reach the target figures of consumption of thermal
energy for heating and ventilation and of a high level of comfort
to the residents.
According to Sergei Terekhov, the practice of operation of
energy-efficient apartment blocks in Belarus showed the possibility
of two scenarios. The pessimistic scenario is that the tenant
moving to his new apartment, sees the unknown hither to equipment,
does not know what it is and how to operate it, and decides not to
turn it on at all, fearing to accidentally mess it up. That was the
scenario in the homes, where the explanatory work was not carried
out, when the tenants were moving in, and no operating instructions
were developed on the engineering equipment of the apartments.
Naturally, in this case, we can not expect to achieve the required
thermal power characteristics.
In the second, the optimistic scenario, the tenants are given
instruction and a set of documentation explaining the operational
features of the engineering equipment.
Expertise was shared of the heat supplying organization of
Teplotranzit Karaganda LLP, ZhilSotsServis management company,
electricity supplying organization of Karaganda ZhyluSbyt LLP in
maintaining of such homes.
There was a discussion and exchange of opinions, many questions
were asked. The workshop attendees were interested in the future
maintenance of energy-efficient homes, after they are built on mass
scale in Kazakhstan, how and who will train professionals in it?
The tenants were asked many question too, about the size of the
rent, whether they feel the economy and comfort of energy-efficient
home.
According to the residents representatives, who took an active
part in the workshop, they have to pay for additional services of
the organization, responsible for the operation of the heat
recovery system. They think it should be part of KSK (housing &
utilities) services, if not of the rental fee. They do not quite
understand the payment system for the operation of the heat
recovery system. To all appearances, the computing methodology is
still unsettled. For the same living space they get different
electricity bills. Why?
Another question was whether the heat recovery system should be
left working in the summertime? Some even said that it does not
help to save heat and money, nor does it work properly.
The tenants also wondered why the inspectors personally take
meter readings, when it can be done remotely.
The specialists attributed it to the possible installation
errors. Only this can explain the significant difference in the
electricity bills. There are other construction deficiencies, and
specialists are working at it.
Despite the existing problems to be cleared by the builders, the
conclusion is: such houses should be built. It is necessary to gain
experience in it. It is the practice of all the developed nations.
In Belarus, the tenants of the homes, where the heat recovery
system works, are pleased with it. The less the radiators are used,
the more humid and comfortable air in the house. Passing through
the filters, it is purified. The electronics allows setting any
convenient temperature. However, not to waste the huge money and
costly imported equipment, a proper architectural and construction
supervision is needed.
And the main thing: we talk a lot of economy and thrift, but our
dwelling houses do not have passports of energy efficiency. And its
a must! And if in new homes the design differs from the reality,
the developers ought to be made to repair the deficiencies at their
own expense.
System of recuperatiom
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47
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48
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50
What is the advantage of mass-scale panel construction,
practiced in Belarus? According to Leonid Danilevsky, expert of a
leading Belarusian S.Ataev NIPTIS Institute (Research and Design
department of energy efficient technologies in construction),
prefabricated construction elements (plant-manufactured ones)
enable a better control of the quality of all the materials used in
construction. This in itself provides a higher quality of
construction and energy efficiency than the construction of
monolithic or small-sized buildings. One of the main disadvantages
of monolithic construction, he believes, is difficulty of
controlling the quality of the materials, concrete, process
operations.
Transition to mass-scale construction of houses with reduced
energy cost of the operation was launched in Belarus upon adoption
of the Complex Program on design, construction and reconstruction
of energy-efficient homes in 20092010 and throughout the year 2020
in the long term. This step is the result of a lasting evolvement
of science and practice of building in the field of reducing energy
consumption by the housing stock.
In the course of the Complex Program in Belarus, new
design-technological systems of energy efficient residential
buildings were developed, new model designs of non-transparent
enclosure structures with improved resistance to heat transfer.
Regulatory framework was further developed in the design and
construction of energy-efficient housing; eight house-building
factories were updated. The countrys enterprises launched the
production of components and engineering equipment for
energy-efficient homes.
According to the official data, in 20092012 more than 1.6
million sqm of energy-efficient homes were constructed and put into
operation in Belarus. Annual saving of thermal energy for their
heating in 2012 was about 82 million kWh, which is equivalent to
12.3 thousand tons of conventional fuel. As practice shows, the
tenants of energy-efficient homes pay for the consumed heat energy
24 times less than in conventional homes.
In general, the programs target to reduce consumption of thermal
energy for heating in newly constructed homes to 60 kWh a square
meter per year or less is solved. Favorable environment was created
for the transition, starting from 20142015, to design and
construction of only energy-efficient residential buildings with
the energy consumption for heating of 40 kWh a square meter per
year for multi-storey residential buildings and to 90 kWh/ sqm per
year in cottage-type homes, as well as to a large-scale thermal
upgrading of the housing stock of the old-time construction.
For this plan to come to fruition, the Complex Program was
revised on the development of energy-efficient construction and
thermal modernization of residential buildings in the Republic of
Belarus for 20132020 years, which envisions further work in this
direction. The envisioned development in it of new engineering and
design solutions, refinement of normative legal base will enable
reduction by 30% or more of the energy consumption in the newly
designed and abuilding homes and by 1.52.0 times in residential
homes, that underwent thermal modernization.
On preliminary estimates, the total thermal energy saving in the
operation of commissioned in 20152020 residential buildings that
over this time underwent thermal modernization, will be about
1.21.5 trillion kWh of thermal energy, or 180220 thousand tons of
conventional fuel.
On 1 April 2013, on the government resolution, only
energy-efficient homes are designed in Belarus, with heat
consumption of 40 kWh/sqm.
From 2014, it is planned to construct, reconstruct and upgrade
with new design and technological solutions the engineering
equipment, 50% of the forecast volumes, and in 2015 to transfer to
the construction of only energy-efficient residential buildings and
energy-efficient renovation and modernization of the housing
stock.
This year, the regulatory framework was amended and
complemented. Depending on the climatic conditions, regulatory
requirements for consumption of thermal energy on heating were
developed for each regional center, energy classification of
buildings A, A + and B was introduced, so far only on one
parameter: the consumption of thermal energy on heating and
ventilation.
A distinct feature of the Belarusian energy-efficient
construction is aiming to impart to it mass proportions, easily
reproduced and replicated in a typical estate development. The
dwelling stock is the most promising sector in terms of applying
the energy efficient technologies.
Experience of Belarus in construction of Energy-efficient
homes
By date, 18 energy-efficient homes have been built in Belarus
Republic. In these buildings a reasonable compromise is
materialized between economic efficiency of the construction and
architectural solutions, energy efficiency, convenience,
micro-climate of the accommodation.
At present, the known technical solutions for reduction of
thermal energy consumption in buildings are: reduction of heat
losses through the enclosure of a building by the use of
architectural solutions that minimize the area of enclosing
structures, preserving the total structural volume of a building;
reduction of heat losses through non-transparent enclosure by heat
insulation; reduction of heat loss through the window frame
structures by using more energy-efficient windows; reducing the
heat loss with air change through the transition to systems of
controlled balanced ventilation system with mechanical draft and
recovery of the vent emissions heat; reduction of thermal energy
consumption on hot water supply through the use of heat recovery
system of sewage water; reduction of thermal energy consumption
obtained by burning of fossil fuels, for heating and hot water
supply through the use of solar water heaters; reduction of thermal
energy consumption obtained by burning of fossil fuels, on heating
and hot water by the use of heat pumps; reducing the heat loss in
delivery to the consumer through the use of individual heat sources
in each building.
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51 !
The International Center for Energy Efficiency PRO ECO was
established as a platform for exchange of information and
counseling on resource-saving and energy efficiency. It will
provide free consulting services in energy conservation for
everyone seeking them: designers, architects, public utilities, the
population, etc. Equipment will be showcased in the Center, which
saves resources (thermal and electric power, water), also modern
resources gaging meters both for the population and for the
industry.
During the opening of the Center, all the invited guests were
given expert counseling on energy efficiency.
Sergei Polishchuk, director of the Ergonomics company: We had
the non-profit organization International Centre for energy
efficiency and eco-technologies registered. And on the platform
we are organizing, we are going to concentrate best knowledge,
which we will further promote and approbate on our territory
together with our partners. We have highly qualified professionals
on our staff in every field: heating equipment, hydraulics,
automation, electrical and power engineering, energy audits, energy
management and certification, and ecology.
Our work consists in free counselling to anyone, applying for
it, with an accent on energy efficiency. We do not sell someone
elses product, but explain what can already be offered and demanded
from the designers and builders by way of energy-efficient
solutions.
This work is supported by our partners. The project of UNDP/GEF
and the Government of Kazakhstan on energy efficiency in housing
& utilities and construction is supported by USAID,
KazPromAvtomatika, Danfoss companies and other organizations. We
want to pool together the efforts in energy efficiency in this
way.
With the UNDP, we have implemented a lot of joint projects. In
Karaganda, we have the best prepared platform for the promotion
of
energy efficiency ideas, which is largely due to the work
carried out in this project.
During the opening of the International Centre for Energy
Efficiency PRO ECO a presentation ceremony was held, in which the
energy labeling certificate (energy certificate) of the building of
LLP Ergonomics was given, confirming the compliance of the building
with energy efficiency class A (highest class). Thanks to the
implementation of energy efficiency initiatives, energy consumption
in the office building of the Ergonomics company has reduced by
more than 40%. Experts were able to find ways to improve the
performance of energy-consuming equipment, to reduce the costs of
utilities and the harmful impact of the building on the
environment.
For additional benefits in the building, the Energy Management
programme was developed and implemented, encouraging the economical
use of energy resources.
Earlier, the office building of the Ergonomics company was the
winner in the Green Office category of the national contest
Environmentally friendly business-2014 in Astana.
During the presentation of the International Centre for Energy
Efficiency PRO ECO, long-term cooperation was repeatedly mentioned
between the United Nations Development Programme in Kazakhstan and
Karaganda administrations (town and regional) in the promotion of
energy efficiency policies in matters of communal heating,
development of energy service companies (ESCOs), design and
construction of energy efficient buildings. The Ergonomics company
is an invariable partner of the center, testing these and other
initiatives in the region.
Energy Efficiency center OpenedOctober 3, at support of UN
Development
Programme in Kazakhstan (UNDP), the International Energy
Efficiency Centre PRO ECO opened, and
a presentation was held of the energy labeling certificate of
the building of LLP Ergonomics with
the highest energy efficiency class A (one of the first in
Kazakhstan).
Automatic heat regulating system in the building of Ergonomics
company
Presentation of Green Office of Ergonomics company
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52
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