1

Þ q7mrav;7< f | wyn f h r av;7< f ( 1 ) ß

tcef ; (1)

7e fy d ki fp d k ;tawmfp dwfnpfaeonf? p dwf" gwfvnf;usaeonf?

' gajumi f honfae hausmi f ;wufz d k h p dw frul ; ? ausmi f ;o d k htoGm ; _yum

wp fc s d e f avmu fom[e f _ ywu f _y D ; ausmi f ;vp fIp dw f avavE Si f h

av#mufoGm;zd k hp dwful;@S donf?

7e fy d ki fp d k ;u touf(18)E Sp fce f h ? q<fwef ;wpfcgusxm;ol?

@Sp fwef;wkef;uvnf; wESpfus@S H K ;z l;ao;onf? xdkajumif holwd k hausmif;

w Gi f 0 g7i f h ausmi f ;om; ju D ;wp fa<muf[kqd kE d l i fy gonf? t7y fu

ig;ayud k ;vufromomavmuf_ri f honf? ud k<fum<u ody ftxGm;

juD;r[kwfaomfvnf; uspfvpfoefrmonf? ausmi f ;pmody fp dwfr0if

pm;? [k dpyfpyfonfpyfpyfvky fwwfonf? ~DwmwD;onf? oDcsi f ;qd k

onf? a7ul;onf? abmvHk;uefonf? ~sL'd ku7maw;awGyifvd kufpm;

vd kufao;onf? bmrSawmhrxl;cÈef? t_zpfavmufom wwfonf?

onfaumifav;@kyfawmh tawmfa_zmif honf? tom;vwf vwf?

E S mw Hay :ay : | ar ;ap hw Gi f c s d K i f h 7 mav;E S i f h ? o G m ;wu fv Sv Sav;

yif @S dao;onf? rsufvH k ;rsufze faumif;v#uf ES Kwfcrf ;yg ;vSy f _ynf h

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wif ;onf? q<fausm fouft@ G<fr de f ;uav;awG p dwf0i fpm;onf h

@ ky f7nfE Si f hpwd ki fawGt_ynf h@ S donf? 7e fy d ki fp d k ;uom Øp×rnfqd kv#i f

y gvmrnf hc smwdwfrav;awGausmi f ;r Sma7m| 7efy d ki fp d k ;aeonf ht7yfxJ

r Sma7m tawmfud kr sm;onf? 'gayr<f h7e fy d ki fp d k ;u q<fausm fouf

t@G<faumi frav;awGud k Øp× bd k hp dwfr0i fpm;? a_ym7rnfqd kv#i f

7efyd ki fp d k ;r Sm onfaehtxd 7nf;pm;yifr@S dao;yg?

'gayr<f humrrS KtawG htjuHKuawmh tawmfav;ud k@ S daeyg_y D?

r de f ;raumif ;aumif ;vd k ;wwfae_y D? umrt7omud kvnf; cHpm;wwf

ae_yD? 7efyd ki fp d k ;ud k umrt7omcHpm;wwfatmif rdwfqufusH K ;oGi f;

ay;olu ol>ta':wpf0rf;uG J cif<karm f _zpfonf?

ci f<karm ftouf (25)E Sp fce f h@ S donf? _zL_zLacsmacsmawmif h

awmi f h a _zmi f h a _zmi f h ju D ; t<faeonf? _y D ;awm h ØZ × uvnf ;

tawmfud k@ S donf? touf(17)E Sp ft@G<fuyif vifaemufvd kufa_y;

z l ; c J hon f ? v d ku fa _y ;wmr S v ly s d Kv lv Gw fyi f r[ kw f ? o lrxuf

q<fE S p f ce f h ju D ; aom r<m;i kw fw kw fE S i f huav;E S p f a<mu ftaz

a<mufsm;juD; _zp fonf? tcs de fr Dtdr furdbrsm;u tky ftky fxde f ;xde f ;

E Si f h a_yvnfatmi fv ky fum renf ; ju D ; _ye fc G J c J h7onf? ' gayr<f h

a_cr_i dr fcsi faomajumif h touf(18)ESp f _ynf h _y D ;aomtcg rdbrsm;u

cif<karmfud k tdrfaxmifcsay;cJ honf?

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tdr faxmi foufwESp f _ynf hatmi fyi frjum| vifaemufvd ku f

a_y;c J hbl ;onf hudp Pud kodoGm;um ud k ;vomaygi f ;7_y D ; vifr<m;uG Jc J h

onf? vifr<m;uG J _y D ;E Sp fE Sp fce f htjumwGi f olrxuftouftpdwf

avmufjuD;aom rkqd k ;bd kolaX;juD;wpfa<mufESi f h tajumif;ygcJ h _yef

onf? juD;oltzd k ;juD;ESi f hvnf; odyfjumjumraygif;7ay? vifr<m;

uG J _cif;awmhr[kwf? olaX;tbdk;juD;uG<fvGefoGm;cJ h _cif;_zpfonf?

xd kolaX;juD ;wGi f om;orD ;c Hvnf;r@ S d ? ci f<karm fE Si f hvnf;

uav;rar G ; ? onfawmhxd kvljuD ;c sr f ;omor#yp Pnf ;tm;vH k ; ci f<k

armf7@S dum olaX;rav;_zpfcJ honf? cif<karmfonf aemuftdrfaxmif

r_yKawmhyg? od k haomf umrt7omud kawmh ud k<f henf;ud k<f h[efE Si f h

tjuHtzefvky fc Hpm;z Dvif<laec J h7m 7efy d ki fp d k ;r Sm xd ktjuHtzefr sm;

xJrS wpfck_zpfayonf?

pdwfnpfp dwf"gwfusum onfaehawmhausmif ;vpf_y D ; xif7m

av#mufoGm;z d k hp dwful ;xm;aom7e fy d ki fp d k ;r Sm [ef _yoabmrs d K ;wpfc s de f

avmufwuf7e f ausmi f ;o d k h a7mu fvmc J h 7m ol7i fq d k i f ae7onf h

_ y\emu d k a _ z @ S i f ; a y ; rn f h u< fwi f @ S i fu d k aw G h 7 avon f ?

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xdku<fwif@Si fu 7efyd ki fp d k ;>i<foli<fcsif; odef;atmifausmf

yif_zpfonf?

7e fy d ki fp d k ;E Si f ho de f ;atmi fausm fwd k honf wpfausmi f ;wnf;twl

raec J h juonf htwGu f ausmi f ;aezufo li<fc si f ;awm h r[kw fy g ?

tdrfcsif;uyfv#ufaecJ hjuonfh tdrfeD;csif;oli<fcsif;awGawmh [kwfonf?

7 e f y d k i f p d k ; @ S p fw e f ; a 7 mu fon f h E S p fw G i f o d e f ; at m i f au s m fw d k h

r dom;p k w7yfwpfe<fa_ymi f ;oGm;7m oli<fcsi f ;E Sp fa<mufuG JuGmc J h

juonf?

onfaehwGi f rar#m fvif hy J _ye fqH kc J h ju7onf? qH k7awmhvnf;

ode f ;atmi fausm fu 7efy d ki fp d k ;wd k hausmi f ;wGi f ausmi f ;om;opft_zp f

a7mufvm_ci f ; _zp fonf? _y D ;awm hausmi f ;om;op fo de f ;atmi fausm f

wuf7rnf htwe f ;uvnf ; 7e fy d k i f p d k ;wufaeonf hwe f ;c G J _ zp fae _ye f

onf ? t dr f e D ; c si f ;o li< fc si f ;E S p f a<mufr S m <c k _ye fq H konf htc g

wpfausmi f ;wnf;twlwufju7rnf h ausmi f ;aebufoli<fc si f ;r sm ;

t_zpfESif hqH k _zpfjuavonf?

7 e f y d k i f p d k ;on f au s m i f ; awm hvp f _ z p fon f ? ' g a yr< f h

wpfa<mufwnf;r[kwf? onfaehr Sausmif ;pwuf7aom ode f ;atmif

ausm fr Sm onfaehyi fausmi f ;vpfxGufc J h7avonf? ode f ;atmifausm f

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ausmif ;ac:cs de ft_ynf h7@ S da7;twGufawmh ausmif ;>0g7if hausmi f ;om;

juD ; _zp f _y D ; ausmi f ;vnf;rjumc^vpfaeus_zp faom 7e fy d ki fp d k ;u

olhtxmESif holjunfhpDpOfay;cJ havonf?

7efy d ki fp d k ;onf rlvpdwful;ovd k a_cOD ;wnf h7mav#mufrvdr f h

_zp fawmhyg? vl@ Si f ;aomvufbuf7nfqd ki fwpfqd ki fwGi f oli<fcsi f ;

E S p f a<mu f 0i fx k d i f juon f ? o l 7i fq d k i f a e7aom _ y\emu d k

odef;atmifausmfxH 7ifzGi f honf?

7efyd ki fp d k ;a_ym_yonfrSm- - -?

Ø i g h _y\emtajumi f ; a7a7vnfvnfem;vnfz d k huawm h

ige J ha':av;armfarmfwd k h p_zpfc J h juwJ htajumif;ud k pH kp H kvifvifa_ymrS

_zpfvdrf hr<f? Zmwfvrf;pcJ hwmuawmh igud k ;wef;ESp fr Smayg h? tJ'Daehu

i g @ k y f @ S i f jun f h z d k h _ r d K h x Ju d kx Gu fvmwm ? vu f r Sw fb< fv d k r S

r7Ed li fwmajumif h oH k;q<fhig;vrf;xJ@S dwJ h a':av;armfarmf7J hwd kufcef;

ud kc^w_zKwfem;aetcs de f _zKe f;r<fqd kwJ htjuHeJ h a7mufoGm;cJ hw<f?

a':av;armfarmfud k rif;vnf;odz l ; _rifz l ;om;yJ? _zL_zLawmif h

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awmif h acsmacsmjuD;r[kwfvm;? cyfa[mha[mhvnf; 0wfpm;avh

@S dw<fav?

tJ'Daehu iga7mufoGm;wJ htcs de fu a':av;0wfpm;xm;wmu

awmh ta[mhqH k ;vd k hqd k7vdr f hr<f? cs d Ki f ; _ywfp Gy fus<fteufav;ud k

b7mpD<mrygyJ0wfxm;w<fuGm? _yD;awmh a@Sm hyifteDa7mif0wfxm;

w<f? 'Dawmh aygif_zL_zLjuD;awG| vufarmif;wif;wif;tdtdjuD; awGu

txi f ;om ;ay g h ? E d k h ju D ; aw Gq d k 7i f ' Dtw d k i f ; ay :wi f ju D ;r _zp f @ k H

wr<fyJ? pGy fus<f7J hcs d Ki f ;jum;e J h7i fom;ae7mawGrSm wpf7pf _yLxGuf

ae juwmy J ? t J' g aw G _ ri f 7awm h i g h 7i fx Jb<fv d k aerv Jq d kwm

r i f ; o m p O f ; p m ; j un f h a y a w m h ? ×

tJ' Dtcs de fwke f ;u ig[mwpfu<fhud kvlys d K@ k di f ;av;uG? rde f ;reJ h

aez l ;xdz l ;wmawmifr[kwfbl;? eD ;e D ;uyfuyfvnf;raezl ;bl;? ol[m

ig htar7J hnDrwpf0rf;uG J? ig hta':wpf0rf;uG Jawmfwm_zpfayr<fh ig hr Sm

ylxlzde f ;@ S de f ; _y D ; rsufESmawmifb<fvd kxm;7rSe f ; rodbl;? roif hawmf

ajumi f ;odayr<f h ray: hway:_zp faewJ ho l hE d k h juD ;awG | ay:wifjuD ;

azG ;aewJ haygi fvH k ;juD;awGud k cd k ;c d k ; junf hr dw<f? cd k ;c d k ; junf hw<fqd k

7wmyg? a':av;u aumif ;aumif ;7 dy fr davmufygw<f? 'gayr<f h

oluigc d k ; junf hwmud k owdrr lr d[efe J h cy fat;at;cy fwnfwnfy J?

ig htartajumif; | ig hausmif;udp P bmnmud GuGawGud k av#mufa_ym

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aew<f? wu<fawmh ig hud kwpppdwfvSKyf@ Sm;wmaysmuf_yD; 7J7Jwif;

wif; _zpfvmatmif cGi fcsus H K ;oGi f ;aewmqd kwm tckusrSig7 dy fr dw<f?

tJ'Dtcs de fwke; fuawmh b<fodcJ hr SmvJ?

atmi fr<f- -ig hr Sm7nf ;pm;@ S dovm;bmvm;awmi far;vd ku f

ao;w<f? iguvnf;rp G HE d li fawmh rp G HwJ htajumif ; cy f@ Suf@ Sufy J

a_ymvd kuf7wmayg h? 'Dawmh olu igi<fi<fav;@S dao;wm 7nf;pm;

7zd k htcs de fawGtrsm;juD;usefygao;w<f? ig htaeeJ h 7nf;pm;awGtrsm;

juD;7Ed li fr Smygqd k _y D ; av#mufa_ymw<f? olta_ymaumif;wmajumif h

vm;rodygbl ;uGm? igp dwfvS Ky f@ Sm;7i fc ke faewmuawmh avsm hy g ;p_yK

vmw<f? 'gayr<f ha':av;armfarmf7 J htvStyawGuawmh ig hud kv$rf;

rd k ;cs<fvS<fvd k haeyg_yD? rjunfhyJud k raeEd li fbl;?

a':av;arm farm fu olwpfa<mufwnf;vd kae7wm ody fud k

tx D ;u s e fq e fw m y J ? wp f c gwp f avaor s m ; aoy p f c s i fw< f ?

ol ha<muf sm ;awGud kowd7w<f bmnmqufa_ym_ye fa7m? tJ' Dvd k

a _ym7i f ;u ig hu d ko l htem;vmxd ki fc d k i f ;w<f? igvnf ;cy fwGe f hw Ge f hy J

oGm;xd ki fr dw<f? ol hab;em;rSmvnf;oGm;xd ki fw<fqd kwmeJ h bmra_ym

nmra_ym| ig hud kzuferf;awmhwmygyJ? ig hr SmtH htm;juD;awmifoif hoGm;

w<f? a':av;armfarmf' Davmufvuf7JZuf7Jvkyfvdrf hr<fvd k h xifud k

rxifcJ hbl;? erf;wmrS yg;pyfcsi f;awhuyferf;wm? tJ'Dvd kerf;vd kufwJ h

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tcs de fr S m ig hvufawGud kq G J< l _y D ; ol hc g ;qDwi fay;w<f? igvnf ;

b<fvd k _zpfoGm;rSe f;rodbl;? olhcg;ud kwtm;yJod ki f;zufypfvd kufrdw<f?

olerf;wmuawmh wu<fud kr d kufw<fuGm? rdef;rwpfa<muf

7J h7ruf_yif;_yif;e J herf;wHterf;ud k igtzd k hyxrqHk;cH7rSKygyJ? tJ'Dterf;u

ig h7 J hwpfud k<fvH k ;ud kt_ywfv$r f ;r d k ;oGm;w<f? ig h7i fqd kwm 'de f ;' de f ;ud k

c ke fvd k h ? rD;7xm;pufacgi f ;juD;7ifbwfxJa7muf_y D ; pufuke farmif ;ae

ovd ky J ? ig haygi f jum;uaumifuvnf; csufcsi f ;xvmawmhwmayg h ?

i gu ~si f ;abmi f ;b Dcy f juy f juy f0w fxm;w<fav? p D' D atmufc H

abmif;bDuvnf; @S dao;w<f? 'Dvd kta_ctaerSm [dkOpPmawmifvm

wmajumif h ig hr Smtawmf hud ktae7txd ki f7 uoduatmuf_zpfw<f?

z dvSe fc s d K ;c sovd kr s d K ;@ S daewmajumi f hvnf; atmi f hovd kawmi f _zp fvm

w<f? _y D ;awm h a':av;arm farm fa@ S h r S m vD ;awmi fr dwmajumi f h

@Sufvnf;@Sufrdyg7J h?

i g hv D ; ju D ;awmi faevd ku fwm abmi f ;b Du d k awmi fx k d ; az gu f

xGufawmhrnf htwd ki f;y J? igu udk<f hzmomudk<f ~Gif;yJwd kufcJ hz l ;wm?

rde f;rcszl;ao;wmr[kwfao;bl;? tJ rjumcifrSm rde f;rwpfa<mufud k

cs7amwhr<fqd kwmud k ig haumifuodaewJ htwd ki f ; t7rf;ud kxjuGae

wm? tJ' Dcs7rnf hr de f ;ru ig hta':0rf ;uG J _zp faew<fqd kwmud kawmif

raxmufxm;E d li fawmhbl;? [kwfw<f? tJ' Dwke f ;u ig hp dwfawG[m

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t7rf;ud k xaewmuG? rif;r7De J h?

a' :av;arm f arm fuawm h p Hy Ju G m ? wu<fvuf7 Jw<f ?

iguom @Sufovdkvd k@ G H hovd kvd k _zpfaewm? oluawmh7JrS7J? vuf_ref

a_c_re fy J ig habmi f ;bDc G jum;u Zpfud kqG Jc syp fw<f? uG J[oGm;wJ h

i g habmif ;bDc Gjum;xJvufv# d K _y D ; ig hvD;juD;ud ktwGi f ;c Habmif ;bDxJu

yg qG Jxkwf<lw<f? vufuvnf;<Ofvd kufwm? ig hzmomigqG Jxkwf

r<fqd k7ifawmif awmfawmfcd k ;vd k ;c kvk_zpfaer<fhvD;juD;av? olhvuf

xJr Smawm h vG<fvG<fav;y J aigufue Jawmi fwufvmygava7m?

ig hvD;ud kigawmif [kwfrS[kwf7J hvm;vd k h xifrdao;w<f? wu<fwnf;

a w m i f a e | r m a e v d k u f w m u G m ? ' D a v m u f r m e f x _ y D ;

rmawmifaewmrs d K ; t7ifurjuHKzl;ao;bl;?

a':av;arm farm fu igb<favmufE d ky s d Koe frmw<f? ig h[m

juD;b<favmufrm_y D ; juD ;w<fbmnmqd kwmawGud kwwGwfwGwfa_ym

7if; ig hud k<fay:u t0wfawGud k wpfck_yD;wpfckcÈwfw<f? olhud k<f

ay:ut0wfawGvnf; (odyfawmhrrsm;bl;ayg h) cÈwfw<f? rjumcifrSmyJ

ola7miga7mud k<fwH k ;vH k ; _zpfoGm;juygava7m? igtzd k hyxrqH k ;tjudrf

r de f ;rwpfa<mufud k 0wfvpfpvpfe J hud k<fwd ki f _rifz l ;awG hz l ;7wmygyJ?

t7ifwke f ;uqd k7if "gwfyH kcyfnH hnH havmufyJ igu_rifz l ;wJ haumifud k ;?

i g hu d k< f i g r d e f ; rwp f a<mu f e J h tw l u d k< fw H k ;v H k ; ju D ; @ S d a e

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7vdrf hr<fvd k hvnf; tdyfrufawmifrrufcJ hz l ;ygbl;uGm? a[mtckawmh

wpfu<fud k vufawGhjuHKae7_yD?

E Sp fa<mufvH k ;ud k<fwH k ;vH k ; _zp foGm;wJ htcgjuawmh a':av;

armfarmfbmvkyfw<fatmif harhvJ? a_ym7if<H kyg hrvm;awmif rodbl;?

ig hOp Pmud kol hyg ;pyfe J hi H k _y D ; tyDud kp ky fay;w<fuGm? vD;p ky f@ k Hwifawmif

rubl;? yg;pyfuig hvD;ud ki H kp ky fae7if; a~G;tkawGud k vufeJ hud ki fy Gwf

ay;w<f? tomav;qky fay;ao;w<f? b<favmuft7om@S dr<f

qd kwm awG;omjunf hayawmh? _y D ;awmh olutpky fvnf;t7rf;ud k

awmfwm? ig hr Smwpfud k<fvH k ;xGef hxGef hvl;ud k _zpfoGm;7w<f?

i g hu d k r d e f ;rrc sz l ;b l ;vm;v d k h ar;w<f? i guvnf ;7nf ;pm ;

awmifr Sr@ S dao;wm? rde f ;rcsz l ;z d k ha0;vd k h | yg;awmifrar$ ;z l ;ao;bl;vd k h

_ye fa_zvd kufawmh a':av;arm farm fuav awmfawmfoabmusoGm;

w<fxifyg7J h? wcpfcpfe J h7<fvd kufwm? ay:wifjuD;_rifae7wJh ol hE d k h

t H k juD ;awGawmif wodr f hodr f hwke foGm;w<f? ig hp dwfxJr Smjunf h7i f ;

wpfrs d K ;juD;_zpfvmwmajumif h ol hE d k htH k juD;ud k vSrf ;ud ki fvd kufr dw<f?

u d k i fomu d k i f 7wm o lp dw fq d k ;o G m ;rvm ;v d k hvn f ; aw G ;y l r dom ; ?

olpdwfrqd k ;ygbl;? pdwfrqd k ;wJ ht_yif rde f ;rwpfa<mufzDvifyd kaumif;

atmif Ed k hud kb<fvd krs d K ;ud ki fay;7w<f? b<fvd k!Spfay;7w<f? Ed k hoD;

aw Gu d kb<fv d k aqm hay ;7w<fq d kwmawGu d k awmi f aoaocsmc sm

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oifay;vdkufao;w<fuG? ightzd k hEd k hud kif7wJht_yif oifcef;pmaumif; awG|

t ww f a u m i f ; a w G vn f ; ww f j u 7w< f q d k y g p d k h ?

atmf? a_ym7tke f ;r<f? ole J hi ge J hu{nf hce f ;xJr Smy J ayG hzuf

vky f juwmqd kawm h cswJ htcgqd kawm hvnf ; tdy fce f ;x JbmxJr0i f

awmhbl;? {nfhcef;jurf;_yifay:rSmyJ csjuwm? jurf;_yifuygau;cif;

_y D ; ar $ ;y Gaum faZmuvnf;@ S daewmqd kawm h tawmfav;tqifa_y

ygw<f? at; csw<fqd kwmawmif oluig hud kwufcswmvd k ha_ym7if

yd kr Se fvdrf hr<f?

i guyufvufvSe ftdy fay;ae7_y D ; olutay:uaewufc Gvky f

ay;wmud k ;? wu<fawmh igvd kvl rde f ;rcswJ htawG htjuHKr@ S dwJ hvl

wpfa<muftzd k hawmh tJ'Dy H kp H[m tqifta_yqH k ;ygyJ? a':av;armf

armfu yufvuftdyfay;_yD; igutay:uwufcGvkyf7r<fqd k7if awmif

i g ut7 r f ; p d w fv S K y f @ S m ; _ y D ; v d k ; vn f ; rv d k ; b l ; w mq d k aw m h

taygufawmif@ Smxd k ;oGi f ;E d li fr Smr[kwfy J tvG JvG Jtacsm facsm fawG _zp f

ukefr Sm aocsmw<f?

a[m- -a':av;arm farm fu tay:uwufc Gv ky fay;awm h

ig htzd k hbmrStcuftcJr@S dawmhbl;? atmufrSola_ymovd krs d K ; tvd kuf

oif haeay;vd kuf@k Hy J?

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oluig hvD;ud k ol htzkwf0rSmaoaocsmcsmawhw<f? _yD;awmh

ud k<fud ktomav;ud ki f ;c s _y D ; ol hE d k ho D ;awGud ktp d k hc d ki f ;w<f? ig htz d k h

tJ' Dwkef;u Ed k hoD;vnf;yxrqHk;tjudrf ppd k hz l ;wmyJ? Ed k hoD;pd k hay;zd k h

aeaeomom rdef;rEd k hawmif t_yifrSm_rifzl;wmrSr[kwfwm? enf;enf;

av;vSr f ;wmajumi f h acgi f ;ud k juG _y D ;r Datmi fvSr f ;p d k h7wm_zp fayr<f h

p d k h ay;awm h aumi f ;r Saumi f ;uGm? a':av;arm farm f7 J hE d k ho D ;uvnf;

@ Snf_y D ;awmh aumhaxmifwufaewmud k ;? Ed k hoD;E Sp fc k@ S daewmqd kawmh

wpfc kp Dud k [d kbufvSnf hvd kuf| onfbufvSnf hvd kufe J hp d k hay;7wmayg h?

' Dvd kE d k hoD;awGp d k hay;7wm aumif;ygw<f? 'gayr<f hig hvD;e J hol htzkwfe J h

xdawG haewJ ht7omud kawmh rr Dbl ;? tJ' gurS wu<f ht7omuG?

ol htzkwfrd k hr d k hazgi f;azgi f;juD;ud k vD;xdyfe J hxdrdaewmu wif;wif;tdtd

juD;? tzkwfr Smt7nfawGpd kaew<fxifyg7 J hugm? pd kp dp dav;_zpfaewm

uvnf; 7ifzd kp7mwpfrs d K ;?

oluwifyg;juD;ud k tomzdz dcsay;awmh igvD;acsmi f ;uvnf;

o l hOp PmxJud k wp fwp fwd k ;0i fo Gm ;y gava7m? ody fvnf ;r _re fovd k |

ody fvnf;raES ;y Jz doGi f ;<lwm bma_ymaumif;rvJ? ig hvD;wpfacsmi f ;

vH k ; olhtzkwfxJ0ifoGm;ygava7m? wif;juyfjuyfeJ h? t7nfuvnf;

@ $r f ;r S@ $r f ;? td k b<fvd kt7omvJqd kwm a_ymr_ywwfawmhavmuf

atmifyJ?

13

tif;- -@Suf@Sufe J hy J0efc H7vdrf hr<f? tJ'Dvd k0if _y D ;csufcsi f ;qd k

ovd ky gy J ? igp dw fxi fo l hzi f juD ;o H k ;av;c sufavmufvS Ky f@ Sm ;z d judwf

ay;vd kuf7ao;w<f? ig hiyJxdyfu t7nfawGyef;xGufukefygava7m?

a':av;arm farm fu ig hv7nfawGxGufuke fr Smolodaeovd ky J ?

bmajumi f hvJqd kawmh ig hvD ;xdy fut7nfawGye f ;xGufw<fqd kwme J h

ol hzi f juD ;ud k juGwif _y D ; ig hA d kufay:u z<fqif ;oGm;w<f? ' Dawmh

ig hvD;[mvnf; ol htzkwfxJu _yGwfqd kuÈwfxGufoGm;awmhwmayg h ?

y sp fue Jy sp fue Jye f ;x GufvmwJ ho kwf7nfawG[mvnf; ig hA d ku fay:ay

wmay| ab;bufuaumfaZmay:uswmus| ol hud k<fay:a7mufwm

a7muf _zpfukefawmhwmayg h?

igvnf; bmqufvkyf7r<frSe f;rodbl;? tJ- -tckvd k _zpf7wJ h

twGuf ol hud kawmhawmif;yefpum;a_ymrdw<f? olu wcpfcpf7<f

_yD; 'gawGacgufypfvd kufvk d h a_ymw<f? _yD;awmh igeJ hwlwlab;csif;

<SOftdyf_y D; ig hud kzufxm;w<f? igvnf;ol hE d k h juD;awGjum; tomrsuf

E Smty f _y D ; (wu<fawm h ole J hr su fE Smc si f ;q d ki f7r Smr sufE Smy laevd k h

vkyfr dwm) tom_idrfaevd kufw<f?

c^jumawmh a':av;armfarmfu nmvufud ktomqGJ<l_yD;

ol haygi fc G jum;xJxnf hay;w<f? a[m- -ol hapmufz kwfud ki g hvufe J h

14

tkyfud ki fvd kufr d _y D? El;E l ;nH hnH he J hr d k hr d k hazgi f ;azgi f ;juD;ygvm;? tar$;awG

uvnf; @S daew<f? jurf ;awmhody frjurf ;bl ;? vufr Smxdr dawmh

<m;usdus d _zpfvm7w<f?

rde f;rapmufywfud kud ki fjunfh7if b<fvd k@ S dr SmyJbmyJeJ h ig hp dwf

ul;u yH kaz:junfhrdwmtjudrfodyfrenf;bl;? a[m- -tckvufawGh

ud ki fr dwmuawmh ig hp dwful ;xJurSe f ;qcsufawGe J h wpfc kr Srwlbl ;?

oluig hvufcv<fud ktomav;<l_yD;awmh apmufaphay:aoaocsmcsm

wifay;w<f? _yD;awmh zdyGwfay;cd ki f ;w<f? igvnf;olcd ki f ;wJ htwkdi f;

oloif_ywJ henf;twd ki f ; tomzdz dy Gwfay;vd kufwm? apmufaphu ig h

vufatmufrSmyJ wif;rmaumhaxmifvmw<f? olvnf;w[if;[if;eJ h

olzDvifwufvmwm igvnf;7dyfr dvd kufw<f? 'Dvd kz Dvifwuf

vmatmi fv ky fay ;E d l k i fwmud kvnf ; i gtawm fay sm fw<f ? tJ- -

rdef;rwpfa<mufud k pdwfvSKyf@ Sm;zDvifwufvmatmifvkyfay;wJ hae7mrSm

a p mu f a p h [ m wu< f h t c su f t c s m t " d u y Jq d k w mu d k vn f ;

i g a u m i f ; a u m i f ; j u D ; o a b m a y g u f c J h 7 w< f q d k r S m a y g h ?

' g[mi g htwGufr de f ;rwp fa<mufud k p dw fvS Ky f@ S m ;vmatmi f

yxrO D ;q H k ;v ky fay ;c J h7r S Kv d k h qd k7v dr f h r< f ? ' Dv d kv ky fwwfatmi f

vu faw G hoi f _ yay ;w J h a' :av;arm f arm fu d k o loi f _ yay ;w J h en f ; e J h

15

zDvifwufatmif _ye fvky fay;wmrd k hvnf; wpfrs d K k ;awmhaysm fp7maumif;

w<f? odvm;?

' g a jumi f hty D y Gw f ay ;v d ku fwm ? a' :av;arm f arm fq d kwm

w[if ;[i f ;e J h vl ;vGe f hae@ k Hwi fawmi frubl;? zi f juD ;a _rmufwuf

atmi f aum h y s Hvmw< f ? i gvn f ; @ kw fw7u f ju D ;ve f ho G m ; _ y D ;

apmufywfay:uvufud k uref;uwef;z<fvd kufrdw<f?

'gayr<fha':av;armfarmfu twif;_yefqG J<l_yD; qufyGwfay;

z d k h tavmwjuD ;a _ymw<f? t7omody f@ S dwmvd k hvnf ;a _ymw<f?

' gajumi f h igvnf;oloi f ;ay;xm;ovk dy J apmufywfud k _ye fy Gwfay;

vd kuf7wmayg h ? a':av;arm farm f[my d k _y D ;vl ;vGe f hv S Ky f@ Sm ;aumhy s Hvm

w<f? yg;pyfuvnf; trs d K;rs d K ;toHawGxGufvd k h?

tzkwfxJuvnf; t7nfawGp d kp d kxGufvmvd kufwm? ig hvuf

awGawmif cÈ Jus dus d _zp fuke fwJ htxdy J ? aemufqH k ;awmha':av;arm f

armf[m ouf_yif;@SnfjuD;cs_yD; _idr fusoGm;w<fav? igwd k ha<mufsm;

awGv7nfxGufovdk olvnf;t7nfjunfawGxGuf_yD; arm[k dufoGm;

[efwlygw<f? 'gajumif higvnf;tom_idrfaevd kufw<f? vufuawmh

ol hapmufzkwfay:rSmyJ tkyfay;xm;qJyJ? yGwfawmhyGwfray;awmhbl;?

16

tif;- -rde f ;rwpfa<mufe J he D ;e D ;uyfuyfae7wm b<fvd kt7

omqd kwm aoaocsmcsmodvd kuf7_y Dav? igjum;z l ;wJ hr de f ;rvd k ;7wJ h

t7omqdkwmuvnf; tyd kcs J hum;a_ymwmr[kwfajumif; txmayguf

oGm;7w<f?

a' :av;arm farm f _ i d r fu so Gm ;w<fq d kwmuvnf ; c^ygy J ?

rjumcifolu _yefvSKyf@ Sm;vmygw<fav?

ig hvD ;juD ;ud k vufe J hy d ki fy d ki fE d li fE d li fqky fud ki f _y D ; @ Sme J h7ufay;

w<f? vD;'pfud kt7ifqH k ;p7ufay;wm? ig hv7nfawGxGuf_yD; vD;ud k

okwfypfwmwd k hbmwd k h rvkyf7ao;bl;? 'Dawmh vD;xdyfr Smt7nfawG

enf ;enf ;y g ;y g ;use faeao;w<f? tJ' gawGud ky g a':av;arm farm fu

@SmeJ htyD7ufay;wmuG? wu<fyJ? v7nfawGyef;xGuf_yD;wmajumif h

aysm hac GaewJ hig hiy Jvnf; csufcsi f ;qd kovd ky J aigufueJ_ye frwfawmif

vmawmhwmygy J? igu toufi<f_y D ; tm;aumif;armif ;oef _zpfae

vd k hvm;? 'gr Sr[kwf a':av;arm farm f7 J h@ Smuav;e J h7ufay;wmuyJ

y D _yi fvd k hvm;awmhra_ymwwfygbl;? awmifwmrS rwfrwfjuD;ud k _ye f

awmifvmwm? tm;_ynf htif_ynf h7<f'DyJ?

tJ- -vD;juD;_ye fawmifvm_yDqd kawmh qufzk dufjuwmayg h?

' Dwp fc gawmh a':av;arm farm fu ig hud kwufcsc d ki f ;w<f? b<fvd k

17

wuf7r<f? b<fvk do Gi f ;7r<f | b<fvk daqmi f h7r<f? td k- -

uke fuke fa_ym77if aqmif hwJ htcgr SmvD;b<fvd ktaetxm;rs d K ;e J haqmif h

7i f b<fvd kt7om@S dr<f? b<fvd kaqmi f h7i f vD;t0i feufw<f?

b<fvk daqmi f henf ;u r de f ;rawGt7r f ; ju d Ku fw<fqd kwmawGutp

tao;pdwfoif_yay;wmuG? ig hud kvd k ;enf;aqmif henf;vufawG hoifwef;

ay;cJ hw<fvd k hawmif a_ym7rvm;yJ?

yxrppcsi f ;awm h oluyufvufvSe fay; _y D ; i gutay:u

cGvd k ;ay;7wm? tJ aemufawmh oluav;bufuke f ;ay; _y D ; igu

aemufuae'l;axmufvd k ;ay;7w<f? aemufwpfcgrsufE Smcsi f ;qd ki fxd ki f

_y D; juufzcGyfovdkrs d K ; aumhaumhvd k;ay;7_yefw<f? iguokwfv$wf

r_refatmif judK;pm;xdef;_yD;vd k ;wwfzd k h oluyJoif_yay;ao;w<f?

i gu'gr s d K ;awG0 goemygvd k hvm;awmhrodbl ; ? oloi f _yay;wm

awGud k tm;vH k;wwfvG<fw<f? txmaygufw<f? oloif_yay;xm;

wJ henf ;awGtwd ki f ;y Ji gu rSe fr Se fue fuefvS Ky f@ Sm ;vd k ;aqmi f hay;w<f?

oluEd k hp d k hqd k7if pd k hay;w<f? olu vD;ud kaumh_y D;aqmif hqd k7ifvnf;

aqmif hypfvd kufwmyJ? taqmif h7yf_y D ;tomem;qd kvnf; vD;ud ktzkwf

xJxd k ;p dr f _y D ; em;vd kuwmyJ? tJvd kem;wJ htcs de fawGr Sm a':av;arm f

arm fu [d kpum;onfpum;7<fp7marmp7mawGawmif a_ymaeao;

18

w<f? 'g[mig hud kokwfv$wfr_refatmif tm@k Ha_ymif; _y D ;xde f ;ay;w<f

qd kwm aemufyd ki f ;r SigodvmcJ hwm?

7e fy d ki fp d k ;u olE Si f hol>ta':0r f ;uG Jci f<karm fwd k har Smufr Sm;c J h

juy H k r Stp _y Kum aemu fy d k i f ;w Gi f r jumc^tvky fquf _zp faec J h y H k

tajumif;rsm;tm; ca7aphwGif;ustao;pdwfyif aoaocsmcsma_ym_y

onf?

Ø [m- -yd ki f juD ;uvJuGm? _zL_zLawmi f hawmi f haqmfjuD ;

wp fay Gu d k ty Dz d ku fae7wmrsm ; ri f ;ubmp dw f" gw fusae7wmvJ?

ud k<f hta':_zpfaewmajumif hvm;? 0rf;uG Jy JuGm? _y\emr@S dygbl;uG×

7e fy k di fp d k ;>Zmwfvrf ;@ SnfjuD;ud k tm;7yg;7tHwjudwfjudwf

E Si f hp l ;p k dufem;axmifaeaom ode f ;atmifausm fu Zmwfvrf;qH k ;aom

tcg rSwfcsufcsonf?

Ø uÈwf- -iguta':eJ hig_zpfae7wmajumif h pdwf"gwfusae

7wm r[kwfbl;uG- - ×

19

Ø 'gqd kbmvJ- -@Sif;atmifa_ymprf; ×

Ø a':av;armfarmfu @SKyfw<fuG? igeJ h _zpfaeovdk t_cm;bJ

awGe J hvnf; tcGi f hta7;77if7ovd k z d kufaewmuG? tJ'gud k igu

tpmrajubl; ×

7e fy d ki fp d k ;u tHwif ;wi f ; judwfIrsufE Smwif ;wi f ;E Si f ha _ym7m

ode f ;atmifausm fr Sm armi farwWm>a_ymi fa_rmufaom_yufvH k ;aumif ;

wpfckjum;7ovdk w[m;[m;7<farmavonf?

Ø a[haumi fausm f juD ;- -ri f ;u bmud kr sm ;oabmusvd k h

' Davmufawmif7<fae7wmvJ ×

Ø ri f ; _zp faey H ku wu<f h[moyJud k ;u G ? 'gav;r sm ;bmr S

p dwf"gwfuspdwfxdc d kufaep7mrvd kygbl;? rif;ud kri f ;a':av;u acguf

ypfwmvJr[kwf? rif;vnf;zd kufae7wm r[kwfvm;? r[kwfwJ hudpP

r Sm ajuGraeprf;yge J huGm- - ×

Ø iguawmh a':av;armfarmf 'D h _yi fie JawGe J h junfaewmud k

awmh b<fvd kr Sjunfhr7Ed li fbl;uGm? wu<fa_ymwm ×

20

Ø o Gm ;pr f ;y gu Gm ? ' gr s d K ; aw Gu tcsp f@ l ; av;awGa _ymw J h

pum;y g ? ri f ;u ri f ;a':av;wp fa<mufwnf ;awG hz l ;wmqd kawm h

' Dvd kz Dvi fr s d K ;0i faer Smayg h ? ' Dz Dvi fr s d K ;awGaysmufoGm;z d k hu tvG<f

av;yg ×

Ø b<fvd kvG<fwmvJ- - ×

Ø [- -olu 'D h _yifbJawGeJ htvkyf_zpfaeovdk rif;uvnf;

w_cm;aqmfjuD;awGeJ h zd kufypfayg h? vG<fvG<fav;- - ×

Ø a_ymawmhvG<fw<f? igu b<faqmfjuD;awGud k oGm;

zd kuf7rSmvJ ×

Ø tJ'g ig hwm0efxm;yg ×

Ø ri f ; r S mtqufto G< f@ S dv d k hvm ; ? at; y d ku fq H awm h

r@S dbl;aemf ×

Ø uÈwf- -wH k ;y g huGm- -yd kufqHay;z d kuf7wJ haju;pm;awG

i gp dw frvmbl ; ? _y D ;awm h a7m~gud kai Ge J h0<f<lovd k _zp faewJ hu dp P ?

iga@Smifw<f? ×

21

Ø 'gqd k rif;cGi fu b<fvd kvJ- - ×

Ø rif;pdwf0ifpm;vm;- - ×

Ø [dk tif;- -prfjunfhr<fav- - ×

cif<karm ft_cm;aoma<mufsm;rsm;E Si f hwG Jr S Ktay: 7efy d ki fp d k ;u

tawm fyi frc H c s d rc Hom _zp f aeonf ? remv d k p dw fvnf ;ay :aeonf ?

oluawmif' Dvd kwG Jaewm iguvnf;t_cm;aumi frawGE Si f hw G J _yvd kuf

rnf[k rcHcsi fp dwf _zi f h juH@ G<fr S Kr sm;@ S dc J honf? 'gayr<f h7e fy d ki fp d k ;r Sm

ci f<karm fE Si f hpy f<Sufjuonftxdom umrE G Hw Gi f ;ep fc J haom fvnf ;

7nf;pm;yifrxm;z l ;ao;7m t_cm;r de f ;rawGwG J _yp7m avmavmq<f

wGi fr@ S d ? tcufawG hae7m ode f ;atmi fausm f>tjuHud k tr Se fyi f

pdwf0ifpm;onf?

Ø ige J ha _yvnfwJ htrjuD;awG@ S dw<f? tJ'gri f ;ud kvnf;quf

ay;r<f ? tm;v H k ; ac smac smv Sv Sawmi f h awmi f hwi f ;wi f ; ju D ;aw Gy J ?

rif;ta':xufrom7ifawmif wef;wlawmhvd kufEd li fr<f ×

Ø tif;- - ×

22

Ø at;- -' Dtwd ki f ; ju D ;awm h r7bl ; ? tay;t<lt_ye f

tvSef@ S dz d k hawmh vd kw<f ×

Ø b<fvd ktay;t<lvJ? bmt_yeftvSefvJ- - ×

Ø i ge J h c G i f r dtxmjunfaewJ htrju D ;E Sp f a<mufe J h ri f ;u d k

tvky f _zp foGm;atmif ig~È d Ki f ;ay;r<f? rif ;uvnf; rif ;7 Ja':av;e J h

ig hud k a_yvnfatmifzefwD;ay; ×

7e fy d k i fp d k ;u csufc si f ; _ye fra _zE d l i fy J _zp faeonf? pO f ;pm ;I

aeonf?

Ø a[haumif iguESpfa<mufay;_yD; rif;qDuwpfa<muf

yJ_yef<lwm? rif; remygbl;uGm? _yD;awmh rif;a':av;u t_cm;bJ

awGe J hvnf ; tvky f _zp faewmy Jr[kwfvm;? i gwp fa<mufxy fwd k ;

vd k hvJ bmrS_y\emr@S dE d li fygbl;? bmvJ rif;u rif;ta':ud k ESa_rm

vd k hvm; ×

Ø [m- -tJ'Dvd koabmr[kwfygbl; ×

Ø 'gqd k rif;u bmrsm;'Davmufawmif pOf;pm;ae7wmvJ ×

23

Ø rif ;e J ha':av;arm farm fa_yvnfoGm;atmif b<fvd kvky fay;

7r<fqd kwm igrodvd k h pOf;pm;_yD;enf;vrf;@SmjunfhaewmuG ×

Ø v ky f _ye f _y D ? v G< fwmud k cu fatmi f ju Haew<f ? ' Dr S m

bmrSOD;aESmufta_cmufcH_yD; pOf;pm;raeeJ h? rif; ig hud k rif;ta':qD

ac:oGm;? rif;7J habmf'gvd k h rdwfqufay;? 'gqd k _yD;_yD- - ×

Ø i guri f ;u d k a':av;arm farm fe J h r dw fqufay;z k d h y Jv d kw<f

[kwfvm; ×

Ø at;- - ×

Ø rif ;uawmh [d k- -rif ;a_ymwJ htrjuD;awGe J h ig hud kr dwf

qufay;@k Hy Jvm;- - ×

Ø r dw fqufay;@ k H r[ kw fy J c Gi f av;bmav;@ k du fay ;apc si f

vd k hvm;- - ×

Ø at;- -vdkr<fxifw<f? igu 'grs d K ;txmruÈrf;usifbl;?

rif;u cÈefwGef;av;bmav;awmh vkyfay; ×

24

Ø _zp fygw<f? ody ftrsm;juD;vky fay;p7mvnf; rvd ky gbl;?

uJ- -rif;ta':eJ h b<fawmhrdwfqufay;rSmvJ ×

Ø u dp P _ re f _ re f _ yw fatmi fv ky fwm aumi f ;w<f ? tc ky J

oGm;ju7if raumif;bl;vm; ×

Ø vkyfvd kufav- -jumovm;vd k h- - ×

25

ode f ;atmi fausm fonftawm fz s Husum vuf_re fa _c _re f@ S do l

_ zp f av7m 7e fy d k i f p d k ;ur dw fqufay ;on f h ae h | naey d k i f ;w G i f yi f

ci f< karm f>tce f ;o d k h o Gm ;a7mufavawm honf ? ci f< karm fonf

wd kufce f ;wGi fwpfa<mufwnf;omaeavh@ S dajumi f ; od@ S dxm; _y D ; _y Dr d k h

ol htwGuft_ctaeu tm;vH k;td kaurSmpd ka_yae_yD[k odef;atmifausmf

u tyd ki fwGufxm;cJ havonf?

ode f ;atmi fausm fud k ci f<karm fuwHc g ;z Gi f hay;onf? ci f<k

armfonf tdrfae7if;t0wftpm;rsm;om 0wfxm;onf? atmufyd ki f ;

wGif 'l;qpfausmfausmfavmuf@Snfaomabmif;bDwd kcyfyGy G | tay:yd ki f ;

wGifawmh bavmufvuf_ywfcyfyGy Gwd k h @S daeonf? odyfaz:az:vSpf

vSpfr@S d?

r eu f y d k i f ; avmu fuyi f 7 e f y d k i f p d k ; E S i f h tw l y gvmv #u f

r dwfqufay;c J honf haumi fav;onf naey d ki f ;wGi fwp fa<mufwnf;

r dr dxHa7mufvmav7m wpfc kc kawmhtajumif ;xl ;@ S d7rnf[k ci f<k

armfawG;rdonf?

ode f ;atmifausmfonf tJ@k d ;@ Sy fvufwd k | wufx7ufpfabmif;

bD@Snfwd k h _zif h tawmfav;om;om;em;em;0wfpm;xm;onf? cif<karmf

> tusi f hy gaeaomrsufvH k ;r sm ;u ode f ;atmi fausm f0wfxm;aom

26

abmif;bD@SnfcGjum;ud k a7mufoGm;7m tawmftwefzkxpfaeonfud k

awG h77m pdwftenf;i<fvSKyf@ Sm;oGm;onf?

Ø uÈefawmfu a':av;eJ htyDaysm f7atmif vmcJ hwmAs- - ×

wd ku fce f ;x Jav#mufv Sr f ;0i fr donfE Si f h ode f ;atmi fausm fu

a_ymonf? pum;tqH k ;wGi f wd kufcef ;wHcg;ud kvnf; ususeecsufcs

um ydwfvk dufonf?

Ø @Si f- - ×

ci f<karm fr Sm jum;vd kuf7aompum;ajumif h rsufvH kt0d ki f ;

om;_zpfum wtHhwjoa7@Gwfrdonf?

o lronf bJay Gum a<mus f m ;av;awm fawm fr sm ;r sm ;E Si f h

Z mw fvr f ; av;aw G@ S d a eaom fvn f ; on fv k d y G i f h y G i f hvi f ;vi f ; E S i f h

' J h' d k ;juD;a_ymrSKrs d K ;ud kawmh rjuHKzl;ao;yg?

Ø wHcg;ud k aoaocsmcsmcsufcsydwf_yD;_yD? bmtaESmif h t<SufrS

r @ S d awm hb l ; ? u È e f awm fw d k hv Gw fv Gw fvy fvy f a y s m f E d l i f _ y D ×

27

odef;atmifausmfu _yHK;pp_zif h qufa_ymonf?

Ø [ dw f- -ei f i g hu d kbmr Sw fv d k hv J- -x Gu fo G m ;pr f ; ?

tcef;xJu tckxGufoGm;prf; ×

cif<karmfu avoHrmrmESif ha_ymvd kufonf?

Ø 'Dtxmrs d K ;awG vkyfraeyge J hA sm? cifAsm;tajumif;awGud k

7e fy d ki fp d k ;u tm;vH k ;a _ym_y_y D ;y g _y D ? ole J h junfovd k uÈe fawm fe J h

vnf; a_yvnfvd kufyg- - ×

Ø [m- -7e f y d k i f p d k ;u bmaw Gav # mu f a _ y maewmv J ?

r[kwfr[yfawG- - ×

Ø [ kw fwmaw G y g A s ? c i f A s m ;b< f avmu f^ S m ju D ; _ y D ;

tvd k ;c Hcsi fw<fqd kwm uÈefawmfod_y D ; _y D? ud ki f ; 'Dawmh @Snf@ Snf

a0;a0;td kufwifcHraeeJ h? t0wfawGom cÈwfvd kufawmh- - ×

ci f<karm fr Sm wd ku fce f ;x Jr Sx Gufa _y;c si fp dw fyi fay gufonf?

o lronfw^Sm ju D ;um 7ru f ju G< f _y D ; a<mu f s m ; av;r s m ;E S i f h

vd k ;aewmrSe faomfvnf; reufurSod7aomaumifav;u naebuf

28

wGi f y d k i fp d k ;y d k i f ei f ;vmvd k ;wmud k vd ku favsmtvd k ;c Hb d k htxdawm h

rvky fc si f ? w<fvDz ke f ; _zi f h 7 Jpce f ;tajumif ;jum;7aumif ;rnfvm;

[ kyi f aw G ;r donf ? o d k h aom f r dr d ay G@ S K y f aer S Ktajumi f ;aw Gu d k

o de f ;atmi fausm fu az:aumi fvky fum 7e fy d k i fp d k ;uvnf;oufao

vd kufrnfqd ky gu rdr domaumif ;aumif ;t@SufuG Jz d k h@ S donf[k awG;r d

_yefawmh bmvkyf7rSe f;rodatmif _zpfoGm;onf?

Ø t0wfawGcÈwfav- -pju7atmif ×

odef;atmifausmfu avat;at;ESif ha_ym_yefonf?

Ø [if htif;- -[if htif;? rcÈwfbl; ×

cif<karmfu _iif;qefavao;onf?

Ø rcÈwfvd k hr7ygbl;? cifAsm;cÈwf7rSmyg? ×

ode f ;atmifausm fu _yH K ;ppESi f ha_ym7if ; rdr dud k<fay:r St0wf

tpm;rsm;ud k pwifcÈwfavonf? @Syftuôs| pGyfus<fESi f h abmif;bD

@ Snfwd k huÈwfusuke fum ode f ;atmi fausm f>ud k<fay:wGi f twGi f ;c H

abmif;bDwd kav;om usefawmhonf? odef;atmifausmfonf aemuf

29

qH k ;use faeonf h twGi f ;c Habmi f ;b Dav;ud kawm h ud k<fwd ki frcÈwf?

Ø ud ki f ; vmAsm- -uÈefawmf htwGif;c Habmif;bDud k cifAsm;

ud k<fwk di f vmcÈwfay;prf;yg ×

odef;atmifausmfu yd ki fE d li fp Gmapcd ki f ;vd kufonf?

onfaumifav;c d ki f ;wmud k cif<karm frvky fcsi fy g? 'gayr<f h

onfaumi fav;bufw Gi f E d l i fu Gu fy d k i fu Gu faw Gt_yn f h@ S d aeonf ?

xk d h _yif ode f ;atmifausm f>0pfvpfpvpf_zpfvkvk ud k<fvH k ;ud k<fxnf

ud k _ri fv d ku f7aomtcg ci f< karm f>7rufqE NaoG ;om;r sm ;uvnf ;

E d k ; juGum pdwfvS Ky f@ Sm ;vmonf? 7rufp dwfv$r f ;r d k ;vm_ci f ;c H7aom

rde f ;rwd k h>xH k ;p H | umrpdwfappm;7mod k h oufqif ;vd kufyg7avawmh

onf?

ode f ;atmi fausm f>y k di fy d k i fE d l i fE d l i fcy f7i f h7i f hapc d ki f ;v d ku fonf h

avoH[e fye fw d k huvnf ; ci f< karm fu d k y d kIp dw fv S Ky f@ S m ;aponf?

cif<karm f _ii f ;qefIr7Ed li favmufatmif pdwf!S d K humv$r f ;r d k ;xm;ovd k

_zpfaeonf?

Ø vmav- -cÈwfay;av? uÈefawmhvD;u t7rf;juD;wm?

30

uÈefawmhvD;ud k _rif77if cifAsm;t_ywfcd kufoGm;rSmyg? ×

odef;atmifausmfu qufa_ym_yefonf?

cif<karmfwpfa<muf odef;atmifausmf7yfae7mod k h wGef hqkwf

w G e f hq kw fE S i f h av #mu fv Sr f ;Ivmaeonf ? ro G m ;v k d aom fvn f ;

r dr dp dwfud kyi f rdr drE d li fawmh? onfaumifav;>vD;u tawmfjuD;

rnfud k umrr S Kvd kufpm;aomr de f ;rwpfa<mufy Dy D ci f<karm fr Se f ;q

odaeonf? xd kajumi f hx d kv D ; juD ;ud k junf hv d k _ri fv d konf hp dw fr sm ;

uvnf; xufoefaeonf? ode f ;atmi fausm fu bmr#qufra_ym

awmhy J ol hxHod k hav#mufvSr f ;vmaeaomcif<karm fud kom auseyfp Gm

junf haeonf? onfvd kav#mufvSr f ;vmr S Konf r dr da@ S har SmufwGi f

' l ;axmufvufaÕrmuf7onf h txde f ;trSwf _zp fajumif ; ode f ;atmif

ausmf aumif;aumif;em;vnfonf?

o d e f ; at m i f au s m f t e D ;o d k h c i f< k a r m f a 7 mu fv mon f ?

o de f ;atmi fausm f>ud k< fay:wGi f aemufqH k ;t0wftpm;av;t_zp f

use f@ S daeaomtwGi f ;c Habmif ;bDwd kuav;ud k atmufok d hqG Jc Èwfcsay;

v d ku fon f ? x d ko d k h c Èw f c s 7 mw G i f u d k< fu d ku d k i f ; Iq G J c s 7ay7m

0wfxm;aombavmufp f7i fbwf[d kufusoGm;7m xd k7i ft[d kufr SaeI

b7mpD<mavsm hwdavsm h7 Jpnf;aE Smi fxm;aom 7ifom;qd ki f juD;rsm;ud k

31

ode f ;atmi fausm f _ri f7onf? bavmufp ftuô s7i fbwf[d ku fusoGm ;

ajumif ;odaomfvnf; cif<karm f zH k ;z H k ;z dz drvky fawmhay? vky faeI

vnf; tajumif;xl;rnfr[kwf? onfaumifav;ud k yd kp dwfxatmif

qGay;ovdkrs d K ;om_zpfrnfud k aumif;aumif;odonf?

abmif;bDatmufodkhav#musvmonf? awmifaeaom vD;acsmif;juD;

a i g u f u e J y i f a y : on f ? v D ; u j u D ; o n f ? t @ S n f

ud k ;vufromomavmuf@ S donf? vH k ;ywfuawmh usy fvH k ;avmuf

wkwfonf? ode f ;atmifausm fr Sm tom;!d konf? vD;uawmh yd kI

!d konf? trnf ;bufod k hyi fu Jonf? ta7_ym;vS D ; _zwfrxm;aom f

vnf; vD;xdyfzl;ud kawmh ta7_ym;t_ynfhz H k ;rxm;? t0wGif [_yJ_yJ

E Si f h _zpfaeonf? apmufywfawmfawmfrsm;rsm;ud k vd k ;z l ;c J honf hvD;_zpf

ajumi f ; odomEd li fonfr d k h xd kvD ;ud k _ri f7r S Konf ci f<karm fud ky d kI

7i fc ke fvmaponf? olr>rsufvH k ;r sm;url vD;wefjuD;r S rc GmE d li f ?

p l ;p l ;p d ku fp d ku f ju D ;u d k junf hr donf ? junf h7i f ;up dw fy d kxvm7m

vD;xdy fud k tomvSr f ;ud ki f junf hr donf? vD;juD ;aig hue JvS Ky fonf?

vD ;xdy fr Spi fxGufaomt7nfjunfav;wpfpufE Sp fpuf ci f<karm f>

vufzrd k ;ay:usonf?

Ø b<fhES<fvJ? vD;u juD;w<fr[kwfvm; ×

32

ode f ;atmi fausm fu tcsufaumi f ;u d kzr f ;um ar;vd ku f7m

cif<karmf>ESKwfzsm;rS ta_zpum;onf tvdkvd kay:xGufonf?

Ø tif;- -tjuD;juD;yJ ×

Ø 'Dvd kvD;juD;juD;rs d K ; rpkyfcsifbl;vm; ×

cif<karmfrSm pdwf!S d k hc Hxm;7olvd k acgif;qwfueJndwfrdonf?

yg;pyfxJwGifvnf; wHawG;wbGif hbGif h _zpfvmonf?

Ø t0wfawGcÈwfvd kuftkef;- - ×

ode f ;atmifausm fu cyfat;at;yifa_ymum ESp fa<mufxd ki f

qd kzgc ke fjuD;ay:od k hoGm;um yufvufvS Jtdyfaevd kufonf? xd kqd kzgc ke f

ju D ; r S m Øw d k h c s f × [ k a c :on f h q d k z g t ju D ; p m ;tr s d K ; _ z p f 7 m

vlwpfa<mufaumif;aumif;tdyfEd li fonf?

ci f< karm fvnf ; oe f ;atmi fausm fv d kvm ;onf hqE Ntwd k i f ;

olr>ud k<fay:r St0wfrsm;ud k cÈwf7avawmhonf? bavmufp fud k

c Èwfonf? b7mp D<mud k _z Kwfc Gmonf? _y D ;awm h abmi f ;b Dwd ku d k

cÈwfcsonf? twGi f ;c Habmif ;bD0wfrxm;aomajumif h abmif ;bDwd k

33

cÈwf_yD;onfESif h cif<karmfwpfa<muf yvmudk<fvH k;wD;_zpfoGm;cJ h

av_yD?

ode f ;atmi fausm fonf cif<karm ft0wftpm;rsm;cÈwfc Gmonf

ud k aoaocsmcsmp l ;p d kufjunf h7i f ; ol hiy JjuD;ud k nmvuf_zi f hqky f

ud ki fum tomt<myGwfay;aeonf?

Ø junf haumi f ;w<fAsm? c kE Sp fv $mcÈwfuyG J junf h7ovd ky g

vm;? tm;yg; Ed k h juD;awGuvnf; tjuD;juD;t<fpwH kjuD;awGygvm;

t_ywfud kqG Jyp f7r<f? ' Dvd kE d k h juD ;r s d K ;u zi faxmi f _y D ;E d k hq G Jvd k ;77i f

odyfyD_yifrSm? awmuf- - ×

yg;pyfrSvnf; a_ymqd kaeavao;onf? cif<karmfql_zd K ;awmif h

wif ;ajumif ;ud kawmh olodonf? 'gayr<f h onfr#avmufjuD;rm;

xGm;judKi f;rnfawmh rxifcJ hyg?

0p fvp fpvp f _zp fo Gm ;aomci f< karm fonf ode f ;atmi fausm f

v J av s m i f ;v #u f @ S d aomq d k z g c k e f ju D ; e m ;o d k h c s O f ;uy f Ivon f ?

vD;p ky fay;7awmhrnfud kvnf; odaeonf? ode f ;atmifausm fuvnf;

ol hvD;ud k cif<karmfrjumrD yg;pyfE Si f hi H kumpky fay;awmhrSm aocsm_yD

r d k h tawmfud koabmusaeonf?

34

ci f<karm fonf qd kz gtp Ge f ;em ;wGi f tomwify g ; juD ;wi fI

xd k i fonf ? zi fq H k 00ju D ;t due J _zp fonf ? tomvufu d kv Sr f ;um

ode f ;atmi fausm f>vD;juD ;ud k ud ki fonf? ode f ;atmi fausm fuvnf;

v D ;ay :r S r d r dnmvufu d k tomyi fz< fc G may ;onf ? ci f< karm f>

vuf0 g ; _ yi f E k E k E S i f hx d aw G hq ky f r d aomtc g v D ; ac s mi f ; ju D ; ai g hue J

wpfcsufvSKyfcgonf?

ci f<karm f>pdwfrsm; yd kvS Ky f@ Sm;vmonf? @SufajumufwGe f h

qkwfaerSKawG vH k;0r@S dawmh? 7rufaZmt[kefu olrud kodrf;p d k ;p d kr d k ;

xm;av_yD?

Ø pkyfay;av- - ×

ode f ;atmifausm fu cyfwd k ;wd k ;a_ymonf? qd kzgc ke ftpGe f ;wGi f

yH k hy H k h juD;@S daeavaom zifom;tdtdjuD;ud kvnf; vuf_zif hwpfcsufud ki f

!Spfonf?

Ø p ky fay;r Smayg h- -@Sme J hvnf;7ufay;r<f? vD;wefjuD ;ud k

vufeJ hud ki f _y D;vnf; yGwfay;r<f? judKufvm;- - ×

7rufaZm_zi f h7 Jwi f ;aeavaomci f<karm fonf y Gi f hvnf;y Gi f h

35

vif;vmonf?

Ø [m- -odyfjudKufayg h? vkyfvd kufprf;yg- - ×

Ø wd k hapmufywfud ka7m _yef7ufay;rvm; ×

Ø odyf7ufwmayg h- -vm a_ymif;_yefc Gvd kuf- - ×

Ø aetkef;? 'Dtwd ki f ;t7ifpky ftH k ;r<f? _yD;awmh rif;tvSnf h

[kwfvm; ×

Ø td kau- -td kau- - ×

cif<karm fr Sm a<mufsm;awGtajumif;tawmfaemajuaeolr d k h

odef;atmifausmfonf t_ywfvd k;Ed li frnf h vd k;tm;aumif;ol_zpf ajumif;

tu J c w f r d on f ? o d e f ; a t m i f a u s m f E S i f h j un f v d k u f v # i f

r dr dtae_zif ht_ywft7omawG hrnf_zpajumif;vnf; txmaygufonf?

' g a jumi f ho d e f ; atmi f au sm fv D ; p k y f c d k i f ;v d ku f _ ci f ;om _zp f aom fvn f ;

rdrdu onfxufydkum aumif;aumif;tpGrf;_yzdk htjuH@S donf? onfvdkrdrdu

pw i f t p G r f ; _ y x m ; v # i f o d e f ; a t m i f a u s m f uvn f ; o l h

tvSnf ha7mufv#if tm;usrcHt_ywfwkef h _yefay;rnfr[kwfygvm;?

36

ci f< karm fonf vD ;u d ktomvuf _zi f hq ky fu d k i faqm hay;7i f ;

'p fud ky g ;py f _zi f hi H kum pky fonf? 'pftzsm;ud k@ Smav;ESi f h xd k ;7ufay;

on f ? cy f _ zn f ; _ zn f ; cy fomomav;v ky f ay ; _ c i f ; _ z p f aom fvn f ;

ynmom;t_yn f hy gaomajumi f h o de f ; atmi fausm fx d k ;x d k ;x Ge f hx Ge f h

_zpfonf?

cif<karmfonf vD;wefvH k ;ywfud k yg;pyfESi f htompkyf | @Sm_zif h

7u fv d ku fv ky fum atmufo d k htomqi f ;vmonf ? a~ G ;t kr s m ;u d k

wp fc su fE S p f c su fi H k p k y fon f ? _y D ; awm h atmufo d k h y k d a@ G hvmonf ?

ode f ;atmi fausm f>zi fud kvnf; rodromtay:od k hw Ge f ;wi fay;onf?

trs d K ;orD;>yg;pyfE Si f h@ Sm b<fae7mud kO D ;wnfaeajumif;7 dy fr daomtcg

odef;atmifausmfr Sm tawmfud kp dwfvSKyf@ Sm;oGm;onf?

Ø 7uf- -7uf- -7ufay;prf;yg [if;[if; ×

yg;pyfr Sa_ymqd kwd kufwGe f ;7if; ol>zifa_ymifvH k ;vH k ;uspfuspfud k

aum h a Õ r mu f a y ;on f ? ci f< k a r m fu @ S mu d kwp fvp fx kw fum

odef;atmifausmf>ptd k0ud k 7ufay;vk dufonf?

Ø tm;yg;- -aumif;vd kufwm ×

37

pGwfpd kp d kaysm hp dp d@ Sm_zif h ptd kud kt7ufcH7rS Kajumif h odef;atmif

ausm fjuufoD;zse f ;zse f ;xoGm;onf? yg;pyfr Svnf;oabmuspGma7@Gwf

_rnfwrf;oHvnf; ay:vmonf?

ode f ;atmifausm fxd kok d ht_ywfc d kufoGm;r S Ku cif<karm fp dwfud k

vnf; 7rufaZmyd koefvmaponf? cif<karmfonf ptk dud k7ufay;@k H

omr[kwfawmh? @Smud kqef hE d li for#qef hxkwfum zifaygufxJxd k ;oGi f ;

_ ye fx kw fyi f r@ G H r@ S mv ky f ay ;on f ? o de f ; atmi f au sm ftz d k h awm h

aumi f ; _y D ;7i f ;aumi f ;ae7avonf? vD;ud kqky fud ki fxm;aomvufu

vnf; yd kI_ref_refoGufoGufvSKyf@ Sm;ay;onf? ~Gif;tyDxkay;aeonf?

Ø aumi f ;v Sc sn fvm ;A s m- -' gr s d K ; r Su Èe f awm f ju d Ku fwm?

aumi f ;w<f ? o dy f aumi f ;w<f ? ~ Gi f ; aumi f ; aumi f ;x kay ;- -

zifud kvnf;t_ywf7uf- -tdk;td k ;- -trav;av; tm; ×

ode f ;atmifausm fwpfa<muf qk dz gc ke f juD ;ay:wGi f b<fvl;

nmvSdr f hE Si f h t7rf;ud k _zpfae_yD? 'gayr<fh <ckcif<karmfvkyfay;ovdk

rs d K ;awmh w_cm;rnfonfhr de f ;rur# vkyfray;bl;c J hyg? cif<karmfwpf

a<mufwnf;uom ususeevkyfay;aomoD;oefht7om_zpfonf? _yD;awmh

c i f< k a r m fon f p dw f y gvu f y g E S i f hv k y f a y ; a e a jumi f ; o dom

xif@ Sm;vSonf? rdr dz Dvifwuft7omawG haeovd k ci f<karm fvnf;

38

t_ywf_idr f haerSe f; odef;atmifausmftuJcwfrdonf?

Ø tm;yg;yg ; td k ;- -7uf- -7ufprf ;yg? uÈe fawmhzi fud k

ty D7ufay;pr f ;y g ? aumi f ;v d ku fwmaem f ? ' Dv d kr s d K ;v ky fay ;r<f hv l

@S dvdrf hrnfvd k h uÈefawmfrxifcJ hr dbl;? t_ywfrdw<fAsm- -tm;yg;yg;

vD;ud kvnf; aqmhay;prf;yg ×

vD;acsmi f ;juD;ud kqky fud ki fum txufatmuf~ Gi f ;wd kufay;ae

r S KE Si f h ptk dud ky l ;aE G ;p d kp Gw faom@ Sm _zi f h7ufay;xd k ;uvday;aer S Kwd k hu d k

ay gi f ;py fxm;onf ht7omrSm tvGe fud kaumi f ;vSonf? ode f ;atmi f

ausmftae_zif h onfvd kt7omrs d K ; wpfcgr SrcHpm;cJ hz l ;ao;yg? ol hwpf

ud k<fvH k ;onf wqwfqwfwke f7i faeonf? zDvifawGvnf;t_ywf

wufvmonf? vD;u aig hueJvSKyfonf?

Ø vD ;ud kp ky fawm h- -p ky fy gawm h? t7nfawGye f ;xGufuke f

awmhr<f- -pkyfay;prf;yg? pkyfay;yg ×

ode f ;atmi fausm fu tavmwjuD;a_ymjum;awmi f ;qd konf?

olonfr de f ;rvd k ;r S K0 g7i f haeaomaumifav;wpfa<muf_zp fonf htwd ki f ;

o kwfxde f ;wwfonf? 'gayr<f h ci f<karm fvky faqmi fay;aer S Konf

ol htwGuftopftqef;_zpfaeonfht_yif t7omvnf; txl;aumif;

39

rGe fxdrday7m okwfud kb<fvd kr Srxdef;Ed li fawmh?

r dr d>vky faqmifr S konf aumifav;ud kt_ywfc d kufoGm;apum

_yD;vkvk@ S dvmajumif; cif<karmftxmaygufonf? tpaumif;atmif

ys d K ;ay;ovd k | tyDt_yiftqH k ;owfay;csi faomajumif h trs d K ;orD;juD;

onf aumifav;zifud k 7ufay;xd k;uvday;ae7mrScGmonf? yg;pyfud k

tay:od k ha@ $ hum vD;wefvH k ;ywfwav#muf t7if;y d ki f ;r Stay:bufod k h

7ufay;7if; wufIvmonf?

Ø pkyfay;yg- -uÈefawmhvD;ud kp ky fay;prf;yg [if;[if; ×

odef;atmifausmfu wkefwcd kufcd kufESi f ha_ymonf?

xd kqd kz gc ke f juD ;ay:wGi f yufvufvSe ft dy fae7mr S acgi f ;yi f

juGwufvmonf? olhvD;ud k@ Sm_zif h7ufaerS Kud k rsufvH k ;juD;t_yL;om;

ESif h iH k hjunfhonf? aumifav;>a_caxmufESpfacsmif;rSm tajumqGJ

ovd k xd k ;ue JwGe f hue J _zp faeonf? t7omuawmh a_ymr_ywwf

atmifyi f aumif ;vGe f ;vSonf? ol hwpfud k<fvH k ;@ S d tajumaygi f ;p H k

wd k hr Smvnf; aygufuG JxGufawmhrwwfavmufyif qla0Ed k ;juGaeonf

cif<karmf>yg;pyf vD;xdyfbufok d ha7mufvmonf? 'pfjuD;ud k

40

@Sm_zif hodrf;7ufum ESKwfcrf;yg;av;rsm;ESi f h iH kvd kufonf?

Ø tmh tdtdtk tpftpftd ×

ode f;atmifausmfyg;pyfr S ryDroa7@GwfoHawG qufwd kufay:

vmonf? zifa_ymifjuD;juGum vD;ud kaumhyif hxd k ;vd kufonf? 'pfud k

i H kaeaomcif<karm f>yg;pyfxJod k h vD;acsmi f ;juD;u wd k ;0i foGm;onf?

0ifwmrS ud k ;vufrausmf@ SnfaomvD;acsmif;juD;wpfacsmif;vH k ; tqHk;

0ifoGm;_cif ; _zpfonf? vD;xdy fz l ;'p fjuD;onf tmacgi fud kyi fausm fum

vnfacsmif;xJtxd t_ynfhtodyfwd k ;0ifa7muf@S donf?

cif<karmfrSm vD;pkyfusifvnfaomrdef;rrd k hom awmfawmhonf

ar;@k d ;ud kz Gi f hum acgi f ;av;cyfarmharmhE Si f h vnfrs d Kud kqef hay;_cif; _zif h

v D ;acsmi f ; juD ;tqH k ;wd k ;0i fvmr S Kud k txmusatmi fvky fay;vd kufE d li f

onf?

Todk htxmususrvkyfEd li fygu touf@SLjuyfum oD;IoGm;

Ed li fonf? tm;vH k;uarmufur _zpfukefEd li fonf? <ck cif<karmf>

vD;p ky fuÈr f ;usi fr S Kajumi f h tpptd kauoGm;onf? ode f ;atmi fausm f

vnf;t7om@S d | cif<karmfvnf; zDvifwuf| vdkufzufnDvd k h? vD;juD;u

41

wq k y f w c J j u D ; r d k h p k y f a y ; 7 w m tv G e f a u m i f ; o n f ?

cif<karmfonf yg;pyfxJtqH k ;wd k ;0ifvmaomvD;acsmif ;juD;ud k tm;7

yg ;7yi fp ky fonf? acgi f ;u d kxufatmufvS Ky f@ Sm ;um vD ;ac smi f ; juD ;

y g ;py fxJwd k ;0i f _ye fxGuf _zp faeatmi fvky fay;onf? ode f ;atmi fausm f

uawm h o l hv D ; ju D ;u d k t _ yw fu d k aum h aum hx d k ;wi f a eon f ?

okwfv$wfawmhrSmrd k hvnf; yd kIrmef_yif;aeonf? cif<karmfu tqif

a_ytay;t<lr#atmif junfhIxdef;ay;ae7onf?

ci f<karm fonf vD;ud kp ky fay;7i f ; ode f ;atmi fausm f>a~G ;tk

rsm;ud k nmvufacsmi f ;rsm;_zi f h tomud ki fvd kufonf? okwfv$wfe D ;

cs de fwGi f _zpfwwfonf hobm0twd ki f ; a~G;tkrsm;wd k hr Smvnf; ylaEG;um

odrf hodrf hwke fIaeonf? cif<karmfu a~G;tkrsm;ud k cyfwif;wif;av;

ud ki fIyGwfay;onf? remrjuifatmifzspf!Spfay;onf?

ode f;atmifausmfr Sm b<fvd kr SraeEd li fawmh? juGwufaeaom

acgif;onf qdkzgay:_yefIusonf? rsufvH k;awG_yL;us<fum rsuf_zL

vefovdk_zpfonf? udk<fatmufyd ki f ;qwfueJqwfueJvSKyfonf?

xd kaemuf vD;xdy fr Sm okwf7nfawGyef ;xGufvmjuavawmh

onf?

42

Ø tm;- -xGuf _y D ? xGuf _y D- -v7nfawGxGufuke f _y D ?

trav;av;- -aumif;vd kufwm tm;tm; tm; ×

ci f< k arm f r S mvn f ; v D ; p k y f ay ;7i f ; z Dvi f aw Gwu fIae7m

olr>yg ;py fx Jo de f ;atmi fausm fu okwf7nfawGye f ;x kw fay;v d ku f

cs de fr Smawmh olrrSmvnf;wpfud k<fvH k ;wke f7ifvS Ky f@ Sm;um wpfcs D Ø _y D ; ×

oGm;c J h7avonf? odyfjurf;jurf;wrf;wrf;}uD;_y D ; _cif;rs d K ;awmhr[kwf?

7ifodrf hwkef@ k Hav;wif Ø_yD;× _cif;_zpfonf? bmyJ_zpf_zpf apmufywf

x Ju apmu f7n faw Guawm h awm f awm f r s m ; r s m ;u d kx Gu fon f ?

odef;atmifausmfr Sm aoaocsmcsmxdud ki f _cif;r_yK7ao;yJ vD;pky fay;@k H

oufouf_zif h Ø_yD;× 7_cif;r d k h wpfrs d K ;awmht7omxl;ygonf? tm;7

auseyfzG<fvnf; aumif;ygonf?

ci f< karm fonf olry g ;py fx Jw Gi f y laE G ; _yn f hv # Ho Gm ;aom

okwf7nfysp fcÈ JcÈ Jr sm;ud k ~vkueJ ~vkueJ_rnfatmifyif tm;7yg;7

aomufrs d Kcsonf? okwf7nftcsdK hrSm yg;pyfpGef;rSt_yifod k h<d kpD;xGuf onf?

c i f < k a r m f o n f v D ; u d k t m ; 7 y g ; 7 p k y f a y ; a e _ y e f o n f ?

Ø [kwf_yD- -[kwf_yD- -rs d K- -rs d K- -v7nfawGud ktukef

rs d Kcsypfvk duf- -tm;yg; tD;tm; ×

43

rdr d>okwf7nfrsm;ud k cif<karm fE Sp foufrufarmpGm rs d Kc sae

a jumi f ; aw G ho d 7aomo d e f ; atmi f au s m f r S m z Dvi fwu fo G m ; 7um

tHjudwfIa_ymonf?

cif<karmfonf odef;atmifausmf>nmbufwifyg;vH k ;uspfuspf

ud k b<fvuf_zi f hvSr f ;Iqky fud ki fvd kuf _ye fonf? zifud kud ki f!Sp f7i f ;

v D ;u d kvnf ;tm;7y g ;7yi fqufp ky f ay ;aeavonf? p ky ftm ;ajumi f h

xifonf? okwf7nfawGyef ;xkwfay;_y D ;aomfvnf; ode f ;atmifausm f

>vD;acsmif;juD;onf aysmhacGroGm;ao;yJ rawmif hwawmif| raysmh

waysmhta_ctaewGif@ S daeonf? 'gud kjunfhI odef;atmifausmf>vD;

rSm tm;aumif;armif;oef_zpfum wpfcgvd k ; _y D ;wmESi f h a'gi f;oGm;wm

rs d K ;r[kwf? wpfcs D _y D;wpfcs DqufqG Jum vkyfEd li fonfhvD;rs d K ; _zpfajumif;

ud kvnf; ci f<karm fo dvd ku f7_ye fonf? onfaumi fav;E Si f h<c kvd k

c s dw fr do Gm ;onfr Sm r dr dtz d k hvnf ;r sm ;p Gmtus d K ;@ S dE d li fonf[k awG;r d

onf?

t7nfr sm ;uk dtm;7y g ;7aomufr s d Kc sum vD ;ud kvnf ;cy f _yi f ;

_yi f ;p dw f ju d Ku fqufp ky fay ; _y D ;r S ode f ;atmi fausm f>ay gi fc G jum;r S

rsufESmud kz<fcGmonf? t7nfawGpd kaeaomyg;pyfud k vufcke f _zif hokwf

y p f 7 i f ; a u m i f a v ; u d k r s u f v H k ; a v ; c y f a r S ; a r S ; _ y K u m

44

jumjunfhav;junfhvd kufonf?

Ø ci fA smu wu<fy JA sm- -' Dv k d Øa[m h × wJ hr de f ;rr s d K ;

uÈe fawm f wp fc gr SrawG hz l ;ao;bl ; ? ud ki f ; tc kuÈe fawm htvSnf h

cifAsm;apmufywfud k tyD7ufay;r<f ×

odef;atmifausmfu tomxxdki fuma_ym_yD; xd kqd kzgc ke fay:rS

qif;onf? cif<karmfrSm wpfcs D Ø_yD;× cJ haomfvnf; tmomra_yao;

z Dvi fuvnf;wufaeqJr d k h rqd ki f ;rwGyi f xd kq d kz gc ke fay:wufum

yufvufvSe ft dy fvd ku fonf? ode f ;atmi fausm fE Si f h ae7mcsi f ;vJ<l

vd kufonf hoabm? xd k h _yifa_caxmufESp facsmif;ud kvnf; tvd kufoif h

yi fum;xkwfay;um ode f ;atmifausm fvky fie f ;pE d li f7e f toif h _yi fay;

avao;onf?

Ø vmuGm- -7ufprf;? rif;@SmeJ hwd k htzkwfud k aumif;aumif;

juD ;x d k ; _y D ; 7ufay;pr f ;y g ? tJvd k7ufay;7i f ; E d k h ju D ;awGud kvnf ;

qG Jay;aemf ×

aumi f ;aumi f ;z Dvi f< lawm hr S mr d k h r dr dv d k c si fonfu d kvnf ;

y Gi f hy Gi f hvif;vif;yi fxkwfaz:a_ymvd kufonf? umrpnf;p dr fc Hpm;7mwGi f

@ Sufajumufraey J p dwfy gvufyga_ymqd kvky fud ki fr S z Dvi ft_ynf h7

45

onfuk d cif<karmfaumif;aumif;odonf?

o de f ;atmi fausm fonf toif hum;ay;xm;aomci f< karm f>

aygi fjum;wGi f rsufE Smtyfcsum apmufywfud ktyD7ufonf? vuf

E Sp fbufud ktomqef hx kwf _y D ; E d k ht H k juD ;E Sp fv H k ;u d k qky fuk di fqG Je<f

onf? E d k h juD ;awGonf juDrm;vH k ;0e f ;onf? aysm ht d _ci f ;awmhr@ S d ?

wi f ;7i f ;aeonf? ci f<karm fonf bJay Gaom fvnf ; r dr d>tom;

t7nfawGaysm htdruke fatmif pepfwusavhusi f hum xde f ;odr f ;xm;

avonf? apmufaphav;ud k @ Smzsm;E Si f hxd k ;xd k ;uvd7ufay;aomtcg

cif<karmfrSm wpfud k<fvH k ;aumhys HwufoGm;onf?

Ø [kwf_y D- -[kwf_y D- -tJvd kr s d K ;taphud k 7ufay;prf ;yg?

tomr#i f ; _y D ;p ky fay;- -tm; aumif;vd kufwm- -'grs d K ;r S rd kufwm

trav;aemf tm;tm; ×

r d r du d kt7omaw G h atmi fv ky f ay ;ovd k ci f< karm fu d kvn f ;

tDp dr f ho Gm;atmi fwk H h _ye fumvky fay;z d k h ode f ;atmi fausm fu qH k ; _zwf

xm;onf? 'gajumif h @G H@ SmaemufwGef h _cif;tvsif;r@S dy J apmufywfjuD;

ud k tm;7yg;7uke f ;7ufay;aeonf? wu<fawmh rde f ;rapmufywf

q d kon fr S m o de f ; atmi f au sm ftw Gu f @ G H @ S mpu fq ky f p7mr[ kw f ?

t7omaumi f ;aumi f ;ay;onf h ud k<ft~ F gtp dwfty d ki f ;t_zp foabm

46

xm;um _rwfEd l ;onf?

ode f ;atmifausm f>xdrduÈrf;usi faom apmufywf7uf| Ed k hqG J

e<fr S Krsm;vky fay;r S Kajumif h zDvifawGt7rf;wufvmaomcif<karmfr Sm

wtD ;t D ;wtm;tm;atm f _rn f7i f ; wp fc s D Ø _y D ; × o Gm ;7avonf?

apmapmu ode f ;atmi fausm f>vD;p ky fay;7i f ; _y D ;c J h7r S Kxufy d k jurf ;

onf? yd kIt7om@S dvSonf? odef;atmifausmfr Smvnf; cif<karmf>

apmufywfud k7ufay;7i f ; z DvifawGwufvm7m ol>raysm hwaysm h |

rawmi f hwawmi f _zp faeaomvD;acsmi f ; juD ;r Sm _ye fvnftm; _ynf hum

rwfrwfjuD;awmifIvmonf?

Ø uÈe fawmhvD ;juD ;awmi fae_y D ? vd k ; ju7atmi f? vmAsm?

tay:wufcG_yD; zdjudwfay;- - ×

cif<karmfwpfcs D Ø_y D ; × oGm;atmifapmufywf7ufay;_y D ;aemuf

odef;atmifausmfu a_ymonf?

a_yma_ymqd kqd k qd kzgc ke fjuD;>ab;ar$;y GaumfaZmtaumif;pm;

cif;xm;onfhjurf;_yifay:wGif yufvufpif;pif;juD;tdyfay;vd kufonf?

olhvD;juD;u rdk;ay:ysHawmhrnfh'Hk;ysHjuD;vdk xdk;xdk;axmifaxmif _zpfIaeonf?

ci f<karm fr Smvnf; apmufywfxJvD;xd k ;oGi f ;um tvd k ;rc H7

47

ao;onf htwGu f tm;rvd ktm ;r7 _zp faeay7m qd kz gc k e f ju D ;ay:r S

c su fc s i f ;qi f ;on f ? o de f ; atmi f ausm f>u d k< fay : wufc Gon f ?

vD;acsmi f ;juD;ud kvuf_zi f hqky fud ki fqG J<lum apmufywft0wGi fusus

eeawhuyfonf? csufcsif;z dcsoGif;<l_cif;r_yKao;yJ vD;ESi f htzkwfuyf

y Gwfay;vd kufao;onf? ESp fa<mufvH k ; juufoD;zse f ;z se f ;xoGm;onf?

odef;atmifausmfE Si f hcif<karmfwd k h>vdifbufrsm; yxrqHk;tjudrft_zpf

tyDt_yifxdawGhvd kufrS Kajumif h rD;yGi f hukefonfhoabmyif?

cif<karmfu wifyg;qH kjuD;ud k tomatmufod k hz dcsvd kufonf?

axmufxm;aomvD;acsmi f ; juD ; apmufacgi f ;aygufxJod k h wd k ;0i fvm

onf? cif<karm fonf wd k ;0i fvmaomvD;acsmi f ;juD;ud k r dr dapmuf

ywfESKwfcrf;| apmufzkwftwGif;om;wd k h _zif h zspf!Spfqkyf<lay;vd kuf7m

odef;atmifausmftwGuf tawmfud ktawGhxl;oGm;onf?

Ø tm;yg ;- -rd kufw<fAsm? !Sp fvd kufwmwu<fr d kufw<f

vkyfprf;yg? !Spfvnf;!Spf| wifjuD;ud kvnf;zdcsay;yg? ×

odef;atmifausmfu tm;7auseyfpGma_ymonf?

c i f< k a r m f r S m y d k I 7 ru fxe fu m ^ S mxe f Ivmon f ?

wifyg;juD;ud k yd kIzdcsonf? vD;uapmufywfxJ yd kIwd k;0ifonf?

48

yd kIwd k ;0ifonf? cif<karmfonf aumif;aumif;juD;tvd k ;c Hz l ; _y D ;aom

rdef;rjuD;wpfa<muf_zpfaomfvnf; odef;atmifausmf>vD;u juD;rm;

wkwfc d ki fay7m apmufywfxJwGi f acsmi frae? wif;juyf_ynf hody fI

aeavonf?

vD;juD;u apmufywfxJtqH k ;0i fonf? qD;pyfE Sp fc ky d _ym;ae

atmifxdr donf? vD;tqH k ;0ifatmifoGi f ;<l_y D ;aemuf cif<karmfonf

wifyg;qH kjuD;ud k juGvd kufedr f hvd kuf cyfoGufoGufvSKyf@ Sm;um tay:

rS zdjudwfaqmif hay;onf?

vD ;onfapmufywfxJud k p D ;p D ;y k di fy d k i f juD ; wk d ;0i f _ye fx Guf

vd kuf _zp faeonf? 7rufaZmxvmum zdjudwfr S K jurf ;vmavav|

ud k<fud ka@ S hok d hcy fud ki f ;ud ki f ;vky fum zifjuD;juGvd kufz dc svd kufvky fae

onfr d k h ju D ;rm ;aomE d k ht H k ju D ;E Sp fv H k ;onfvnf ; t dt d ju D ;w G Jum

wwke fw ke fv S Ky fc g<r f ;aeonf? atmufbufwGi fyufvuftdy fv#uf

om;@ S daeaomode f ;atmifausm fu xd kE d k ht H k juD;E Sp fc kud k vufE Sp fbuf

_zif hvSr f ;um pH kud ki fIqG Je<fzsp f!Sp fonf? Ed k hoD;acgi f ;rsm;ud k vufr

_zif hz dy Gwfacsay;onf?

Ø tyDyJAsm? cifAsm;e J hz k duf7wm t7rf;aumif;wmyJ? Ed k h juD;

awGuvnf; juD;r S juD;? Ed k ho D ;acgi f ;@ Snf@ Snfav;awG aumhaxmif

49

wufaewmuvnf ; junf hv d k h aumi f ; | q G J ay ;v d k hvn f ; aumi f ; ?

apmufywfuvnf; !Sp ftm;a7m| pky ftm;yg t_ywfoefw<f- -

awmuf [if;- - ×

ci f< karm fz d ju dw fv d k ; ay ;wmud k c H7i f ; o de f ; atmi fausm fu

a_ymonf? olonfatmufrS tomrS de f ;Iae7mrS zDvifwufvmaom

tcg zifa_ymifjuD;ud kjuGI vD;ud kaumhaumhxd k ;wifay;onf? cif<k

armfuvnf; xd kod k hvD;aumhtwifud k tcs de fud kufyif tay:rSzdjudwf

vd k ;ay;vd kuf7m vD;t0ift_ywfeufum ESp fa<mufvH k ;t7omtawG h

juD;awG hukefjuonf?

'gajumif hE Sp fa<mufpvH k ;xde f ;raejuawmhy J rD ;uke f<rf;uke f

ud kz d kufyp fjuavonf? cif<karm fu tay:r SoGufvuf_re fqeftm;

_yi f ;p Gm zdjudwfaqmif hvd k ;ay;ovd k | ode f ;atmifausm fuvnf; vD;

acsmif;juD;ud k xd k;Ixd k;Iaumhwifay;onf? Ed k hjuD;awGud k t_ywfqG J

e<fonf? zifjuD;ud kyif vSrf;ud ki f!Sp fvd kuf| zse f ;ueJ@ k dufvd kufvkyf

onf? tvd k ;jurf;ovd ktwufvnf;_yif;ay7m ESp fa<mufvH k ; Ø_y D ; ×

vkvk_zpfvmjuonf? vSKy f@ Sm;r S KawGuvnf; yd k _re fy d k _yi f ;y d k jurf;vm

juonf?

Ø tm;tm;- -vmawmhr<f xGufawmhr<f? aumhaumh- -

50

vD;ud kaum hwi fpr f ;y g ? qG Jav- -E d k h ju D ;awGu d k wtm;qG Jy g ?

trav;av; tm; tD;tD; ×

_y D ;awm hr Smr d k h ci f<karm ft7r f ;ud k _zp fvmonf? wtm;uke f

vSKyf@ Sm;zdjudwfonf? xd kaemuf- - -?

Ø tD;tD;tm;- -xGufukef_y D- -xGufukef_y D? tm; ×

cif<karmf Ø_y D ; × oGm;I wpfud k<fvH k ;odr f hodr f hwke fcgoGm;cs de f

r S myi f o de f ; atmi f ausm fvn f ; o kw f7n faw Gye f ;x Gu fu ke fon f ?

apmufz kw fx Jy laE G ;aomokwf7nfawG p d k@ $ J atmi fye f ;x kw fay;vd ku f

aomtcg Ø _y D ; × aeonf hci f< karm ftz d k h y d kIt7om@ S do G m ;onf ?

wt D ;t D ;wtm ;tm ;atm f[p fv #u f o de f ; atmi f au s m f>u d k< f ay :

7ifcsif;tyfxd k ;usvmonf? odef;atmifausmfud k wif;juyfpGmzufwG<f

onf? y kc ke f ;om;r sm ;ud kvnf ; uke f ;u d ku fonf? ode f ;atmi fausm f

uvnf; cif<karmf>zifqH k00juD;ud k wtm;ukefv$ JI@k dufaeavonf?

aemufoH k ;vausm fausm favmuftjum| wpfc kaomwe~FaEGaeh

51

eHeufud k ;em7Dce f htcs de fwGi f 7efy d ki fp d k ;E Si f hode f ;atmifausm fwd k hE Sp fa<muf

onnf ausmif;E Si f hrvSr f ;rurf;@ S d vbuf7nfqd ki fwpfc kwGi fxk di fum

acgif;csif;qd ki fI wD;wd k;a_ymqdkwd ki fyifaejuavonf?

oH k ;vausmfausm fr#tcs de fumvwGif 7efy d ki fp d k ;r Smvnf; trsm;

juD ;a_ymi f ;vJwd k ;wufc J hav_y D ? ode f ;atmi fausm f>qufoG<fc Gi fze f

ay;r S Kajumi f h r dr dci fE Si f h _r _r[e f trnf@ S dtp frjuD ;E Sp fa<mufE Si f h

aumif ;aumif ;juD ;tvky f _zp fc J hum cif<karm ftay: pG Jve f ;vef ; _zp f

rae | ci f< karm fu w_cm ;a<mu f s m ;av;r s m ;E S i f hw G Jwmu d kvn f ;

o0e frwd kawmhy J tm;vH k ;at;aq;oGm; _y D ? 'gwifru ode f ;atmi f

ausmf>onmay;rS K _zif h 7nf;pm;awGyif xm;Ed li fc J hav_yD? xm;wmrS

wp fa<mufyi fr[kw f | 7nf ;pm ;o H k ;a<muf@ S d aeonf? ausmi f ;r S m

wpfa<muf| t7yfxJrSmwpfa<muf| _yD;awmh t_yifrSmwpfa<muf?

ausmi f ;r S7nf ;pm ;emrnfu rusi f[ ke f ? @ Sr f ;w@ kw frav;?

touf(15)E Sp fausm fausm f (16)E Sp fomomavmufom @S dao;onf?

toufi<faom fvnf ; uk d< fv H k ;u d k< fay gu fuawm h awmi f hwi f ;

tcs d K ;usaeyg _y D ? t7yf ig ;ayav;vufrc G J _ri f honf? 7ifu (34)

vufr| cg;u (22)vufrESif h wifu (35)vufr? udk<ftav;cs de f

(109) aygif@S donf?

olwd k hausmi f ;wGi f taysm fwr f ;um<tvSr<fa@ G ;y G Jv ky fc J h7m

52

rusi f[ke fvnf;yg0i f<SO f _y d Ki f _y D ; A d kvfp G JumtvSo7zlaqmif ;c J honf?

'gajumif hvnf; onfvd kud k<ftwd ki f ;twmtwdtusa_ymE d li f _ci f ; _zp f

on f ? rusi f[ ke fu @ Sr f ;w@ kw frpp f pp f r d k h tom; _z Laz G ;on f ?

E S Kw fcr f ;y g ;v#y fe DaxG ;onf? yg ; _yi fuav;rsm;uvnf; ye f ;E ka7mi f

oef;onf? <ckwavmemrnfwufp_yKonf h AD' D<d kri f ;orD; âa_ê

ausm f Zi f >@ k y f 7n ftqu ftay gu f r s d K ; ? 7e f y d k i f p d k ;>7n f ; p m ;

oH k ;a<mufxJwGif tvSqH k; | ta_zmif hqH k ;?

7 e f y d k i f p d k ;on f 7n f ; p m ;o H k ; a<mu f7xm ; _ y D ; aom fvn f ;

wp fa<mufu d k r S r _z Kw f7ao;y g ? tc Gi f h romwmuvnf ; @ S donf ?

_y D ;awmh 7efy k di fp d k ;u ol>7nf;pm;oH k ;a<mufxJwGi f rusif[ke fud k

oabmtusq H k ; _ zp f7m rusi f[ ke fu d kt7i fap s ; O D ; az gu fumc s _y D ; r S

usef7nf;pm;ESp fa<mufud kquf_zKwfzd k h tjuH@S donf?

rusif[ke f>rdbawGu a@S;qefjuonf? rusif[ke fr Smvnf;

t_yi fud k oabm@S drxGufE d li f ? 7nf;pm;xm;wmud kyi f tdr fr Srod7

atmif v# d K h0 Sufz H k ;z dae7avonf? wpfausmi f ;wnf;twlwufaeju

onfrd k h (rusif[kefuvnf; q<fwef;yif? 'gayr<fholrupmawmf7m

(u)twef;wGifwuf7ay7m twef;csif;awmhtwlwlr[kwfyg) ausmif;

wufonf hae hwd ki f ;awG h _ri fae7aomfvnf; ESp fa<mufcsi f ; (umr

pyf<Sufr S K _yKvky fE d li favmufatmif) vGwfvyfp GmawG hqH kE d li fz d k huawmh

53

tvGefuk d cufaeonf?

use f7nf ;pm;E Sp fa<mufE Si f hawmh onfavmuftcuftcJr@ S d ?

cs de f ;qd kawG hE d li fonf? od k haomfrusif[kefE Si f htvkyfr_zpfao;aomajumif h

7efy d ki fp d k ;onf usef7nf;pm;ESp fa<mufud kcs de f ;awG haomtcg erf;vd kuf|

udkifvdkuf| ESdKufvdkufvkyfonfuvGJI tqifhrwufao;? csdKxm; ao;onf?

ru s i f[ k e fu d k _ z Kw f _ y D ; r S u s e f 7n f ; p m ; E S p f a< mu fu d k qu f

_zKwfrnf?

<c kvd kta_ctaers d K ;a7mufvmonfr Sm ode f ;atmi fausm f>

u ln Dr S K a jumi f h _ zp f _ y D ; 7n f ;pm ;aw Gbmaw Gxm ; _zp fon fuvnf ;

ode f ;atmi fausm f>ab;wD ;enf ;ay;vr f ; _yvky fay;r S Kajumi f h _zp fay7m

r dr dE Si f htvky f _zp f ju_y D ;v#i f r dr d7nf ;pm;r sm ;ud k@ S< f<mc G Jay;rnf[k

odef;atmifausmfud k7efyd ki fp d k ;u uwday;xm;onf? xdkajumif h 7efyd ki f

p d k ; E S i f h ru si f[ k e ft _re fq H k ;tv ky f _ zp f y g ap[ k o de f ; atmi f ausm fu

qkawmi f ;aeonf? vd kty fwmulnDay;z d k hvnf ;toif h | ' gr #twGuf

vnf; olhwGiftyef;rjuD;?

x d ko d k h a _ym7rnfq d kv #i f o de f ; atmi fausm fonfumrr S kw Gi f

tawm fp H k aom fvnf ; olE Si f h a _yvnfjuonf hr de f ;rr sm ;r Sm ol hxuf

toufjuD;onfh ØrrjuD;× awGom_zpfjuonf? olESi f houfwl@G<fwl

54

yif wpfa<mufr Sryg? rusi f[ke ftygt0if 7efy d ki fp d k ;>7nf;pm;oH k ;

a<mufonf q<fausm fouft@ G< f i<fi<fE kE kav;awGc sn f ;y J

_zp f7m ode f ;atmi fausm ftz d k h p dw f0i fpm ;p7mvnf ; tawm fav;

aumif;aeonf?

onfae hawmh rusi f[ke fE Si f hE Sp fud k<fwle D ;7z d k htwGuf txl;

tc Gi f hta7;aumi f ;aeonf? olwd k h ausmi f ;>E Sp fywfvnftm;upm;

_y d Ki fy G Jv ky fonf hae hav? ausmi f ;w Gi f _y Kv ky faomy G Jvr f ;obiftce f ;

tem;tm;vH k ;wGi f vltpnfum;qH k ; _zp fonf? ausmi f ;olausmi f ;om;

tm;vH k ;vma7mufjuonf? r ke f h[i f ;c g ;vnf;auÈ;onf? rusi f[ke f

vnf; vma7mufrnf_zpf7m pmoifce f ;wpfc kwGi fawG hju7ef tcs de f ;

tcsufvkyfxm;_yD;_zpfonf?

awG h jurnf hpmoi fce f ;r Sm yxrwef ; (u)tce f ; ? ausmi f ;>

tay:xyfawmi fbufaxmi f hp Ge f ;wGi f@ S donf? tm;upm; _y d Ki fy G Jr sm ;ud k

ausmi f ;abm fvH k ;uGi f ;xJwGi fvky f _y D ; tauÈ;tar G ;ud kawmh ausmi f ;

atmufxyfa_rmufbufyk di f ;@ S d ausmif ;crf ;wGi fvky frnf_zpf7m tcs de f ;

tcsufvkyfxm;onfhae7mu vloluif;@Si f;aeonf?

7efy d ki fp d k ;u xd ktcef;wGif eHeufq<fem7Dr Spwifum toif h

55

apmi f haernf _zp f _y D ; rusi f[ ke fuawmh tc Gi f homtvpf7onfE Si f h

ta7mu fo Gm ;7e f _ zp fonf ? vd k ; juz d k h c s d e f ; ju_ci f ; _ zp fonfu d k awm h

rusif[ke fud kay:wifjuD;a_ymrxm;yg? csp folcsi f ;awG hum pum;a_ym

vd konf[kom judKa_ymxm;onf?

cs de f ;qd k7mod k h rusif[kefa7mufvmv#if 7efyd ki fp d k ;ut7cs d Ki fypf

zd k hodyfrcufvSyg? olu txmtawmfuÈrf;ae_yD?

7e fy d ki fp d k ;tae_zi f h rusi f[ke fud kwpfcs Dz d kuf _y D ;aemuf 'kwd<

tju d r fxy f au s m humz d ku f a eon f htc gw G i f o d e f ; atmi f au s m fu

0ifa7mufvmum trdzrf;onfhtoGifvkyfrnf? 7efyd ki fp d k ;u ajumuf

vef h[ef_zif h xGufa_y;oGm;rnf? usefae7pfaomrusif[ke fud k xd kod k h

trdzrf;Ed li fr S Ktay:tjuyfud ki fum odef;atmifausmfu qufzd kufrnf?

xd ko k d h z d ku f _y D ;onf haemufwGi f rusi f[ ke fonf olwd k hE Sp fa<muf>

tvk d ;c Hrav;_zpfvmrSmud kawmh aocsmaygufwGufxm;onf? 7efy d ki f

p d k ;yxrtjudrf pdwfcsvufcsaqmfEd li f7ef odef;atmifausmfu tcef;

t_yi fr Sapmi f h ay ;rnf ? xd kae7mok d h wp fp H kwp fa<mufrxi fr Sw fy J

a7mufvmaom f ode f ;atmi fausm fu tom0i fxde f ;um xd ktce f ;

bu fo d k h ro G m ; ap7e f @ S e fw d e fv ky f ay ;rn f ? ' gu 7e fy d k i f p d k ; E S i f h

odef;atmifausmfwd k h ESpfa<mufvuf0g;@k dufxm;csuf?

olwd k hE Sp fa<mufonf ud k;em7Domomcef huyif ausmif;a@S hem;

56

rvSrf;ruef;@ S d vbuf7nfqd ki fod k ha7mufaejuum rusif[ke fausmif;

a7mufvmrnfhtcs de fud k apmif hjunfhaejuonf? rusif[kefa7mufvm

rvm aocsmonfxufaocsmatmif apmif hjunfhaerSK[k qdk7rnf?

rusif[ke ftvmud kapmif haecd kuf vbuf7nfqk di fa@ S hvrf;ray:

rS q7mr| a':wifrm0if;av#mufoGm;onfud k awG hvd kufju7onf?

oli<fcsi f ;E Sp fa<mufvH k ; a_ymvufp pum;rsm;7yfum a':wifrm

0if;ud k rodromcd k ;Iirf;vd kufjuonf? irf;vnf;irf;csifp7mud k;?

a':wi frm0i f ;onf touf(28)E Sp fce f h @ S donf ? _r dw fo lr?

t7yftarmif;aumif;ovd k ud k<fvH k ;ud k<faygufuvnf; r#pfp d k h juD;vd k

x G m ;x G m ; ju d K i f ; ju d K i f ; ju D ; ? 7e fy d k i f p d k ;>ta':ci f< karm fxu fyi f

y d kawmif hy d ka _zmi f honf[k qd k7ayrnf? a':wifrm0if ;>a<mufsm;u

oabFmom;? 'Dawmh a7vnf;v# Honf? acwfrDaomt0wftpm;awG

xn f v J 0 w f E d l i f o n f ? t y s H p m ; j u D ; ?

uvufwufwufE Si f h az:az:vpfvpfjuD ;r_zp fapy J olr>

awmif hwif;ql_z d K ;aomud k<fvH k ;tvSud k xif@Sm;atmif q7mra':wif

rm0if;u 0wfwwfpm;wwfonf?

<ck0wfxm;yH kud kvnf; junfhav?

57

ausmi f ;tm ;upm ;y G J awm fo d k hvma7mu fon f h au smi f ;q7mr

wpfa<mufr d k h t_zLa7mi ftuô svuf@ SnfE Si f h ausmi f ;p dr f ;xrDwd k hu d k

awmh 0wfqifxm;onf?

tuôstom;u taumif;pm;a7<Gef? odyfryg;ovdk odyfvnf;rxl?

vu f a r m i f ; a e 7 m r s m ; c y f y G y G _ z p f a o m f vn f ; u d k < f xn f

uawmh juyfonf? ql_z d K ;aomud k<fvH k ;txufyd ki f ;wGi f csyfcsy f7yf

7y f@ S d aeonf ? twGi f ;c Ht_zp f b7mp D<mcy fao;ao;cy fy g ;y g ;u d k

pnf;aE Smi fxm;onf? 'gayr<f hausmi f ;q7mrwpfa<muf> ~k^fud k

x d e f ; aomtm ; _ zi f h b7mp D<mt_yi f @ S i f _ r D ; av ;wp fxn fu d k y g

atmufcHt_zpf0wfxm;onf?

xd k@ Si f _r D ;av;u pGy fus<ftom;_zi f h cs Ky fxm;_y D ; cyfjuyf

juy fvn f ; _ z p fon f ? omr e f @ k d ; @ k d ; o r e fu m @ S e fu m jun f hv # i f

bmrSrxl;_cm;aomfvnf; tenf;i<f~@k_yKum pl;pd kufjunfhrnf qdkv#if

@Sif_rD;atmufbuf@Sd b7mpD<mt7mav;rsm;udk_rifEdlif onf? xrDta7mifu

a u s m i f ; p d r f ; _ z p f a o m f vn f ; a u s m i f ; q 7 m

rtr s m ;p k 0w fav h@ S d aomwufx@ G e fxr Dr s d K ; r[ kw f ? taumi f ; pm ;

b@k dudwfxrD_zpfonf?

b@k dudwfom;u El;nH haysm ha_ymif ;ay7m pGi f hum;aomwifyg; |

58

t7if;wkwftzsm;oG<faomaygifvH k ;aygifwefjuD;rsm;ESi f h a_covHk;wkwf

wkwf_z d K ; _z d K ;wd k h twif;t7if;ta_zmif htpif;ud k a_cav#mufvSrf;vd kuf

wd ki f ; tvSqifaz:_yay;aeonf? xrDatmufwGi f twGi f ;c Hyi fwD

cyfwd kwd kav;0wfxm;onf?

twGi f ;c Hyi fwD>taetxm;ody fxifxif@ Sm;@ Sm;juD;ay:raeap

7e ftwGuf twGi f ;c Hpuyfav;ud kc H0wfxm;ygonf? xd kpuyfav;u

vnf; y dwfom;xlxlr[kwf? aysm hay smi f ;y g ;vSy faomE d li fv Ge fpuyf

uav;? xdkajumif htwGif;c HyifwDabmif;bD>taetxm;ud k ododom

omray:atmifxde f ;xm;E d li fonf? cyfa7;a7;awmh rodromav;ay:

a eon f ? x d k h _ y i f wi f r m0i f ;on f arm f '< f aumi f r av ;aw G

vrf ;av#muf[efr s d K ; wifav;ud kodr f ho dr f h<rf ;<rf ;av;av#mufwwf

onf? e~d kuyif um;um;tdtd@ S daeavaom a':wifrm0if;>wifyg;

q H k ju D ;on f pep fwusv Sv Syyav;vr f ; av # mu fww fr S K a jumi f h

y d kvd k hyiftvSwd k;umaeavonf?

acwfa[mi f ;u umvom;r sm ;wr f ;wr f ;p G J emrnfjuD ;c J honf h

@ ky f@ Si frif;orD;juD; _rif h _rif haX;uJ hod k h ØykZ Ge fxkyfjuD;× [kyif trnf

ay;uify Ge f ;wyfxd kufayonf? junf hr dola<mufsm;om;wd k h ud kufpm;

ypfcsifp7m @kyf7nfoGif_yiftquftayguf@S daeonf?

olr>a<mufsm;oabFmom;u omref@ k d ;@ k d ;oabFmom;awGvd k

59

r[kwf? txufwef;oabFmt7m@S djuD;wpfa<muf_zpfonf? 'gajumif h

a':wi frm0i f ;r S m a7vnf ;v# Honf? ausmi f ;q7mrvky faeonfu

wri foufouftvky ftud ki f@ S d ajumi f ; ~ k^fwi fvd konf htwGuf _zp f

onf? ausmif;od k h ud k<fyd ki ftufpftD;um;_zif hvmonf?

<ckausmi f ;tm;upm;y G Jae h ? ausmi f ;0i f ;xJod k hrnfonf hum;r S

0ifc Gi f hr_yKyJ ausmif;t_yifbufvrf;rsm;ay:wGifom 7yfem;cGi f h _yKaom

ajumif h a':wifrm0if ;onf um;ud k7yfum ausmif ;xJod k hud k<f[ef

ajumhajumhav;_zi f h vrf ;av#muf0i fvmc J h _ci f ; _zp fonf? olrvrf ;

av#mufonfuvnf; um<tvSr<frsm;>_yd Ki fy G J0i fvrf;av#muf[ef

rs d K ; _zp fay7m vrf;wpfav#muf@ S da<muf sm;om;rsm; rodromirf ;ju

avonf? irf;olawGu rodromirf;aomfvnf; rde f;rwd k h>ADZobm

0t7 a':wifrm0if;uawmh 7dyfr dod@S donf? rdrdtvSud krmewufae

olrde f;rom;wpfa<mufyDyD onfvd ktjunfhc H | tirf;cH7rS Kud k auseyf

yDwd_zpfovdkvnf;@S donf?

a':wifrm0i f ;av#mufvSr f ;o Gm ;r S Ku d k rodromir f ; juolr sm ;

xJwGif 7efyd ki fp d k ;E Si f hodef;atmifausmfwd k hE Sp fa<mufvnf; ygonf?

Ø wDcsma':wifrm0if;u wu<f_zd K ;w<fuGm? [JADjuD;awG

60

awmuf- -udkufpm;csifp7mjuD; ×

a':wifrm0if;>wpfud k<fvH k ;ud k rodromirf;7if; odef;atmif

ausmfu tHjudwfumcyfwd k ;wd k ;a_ymonf?

Ø ri f ; ze f junf hy gvm;uG? txmjunf7i f ig hud k@ S<f<m

cG Jay; ×

7efyd ki fp d k ;u cÈefay;onf?

Ø _zpfw<f? igy d ki fatmifze fE d li f7i f rif;ud k@ S<f<mcG Jay;r<f

at;- -'Dae hawmh usi fusi f hud kri f ;z d kuf _y D ;7i f ig htwGufy G Jqufay;

zd k hvnf; rarheJ htke f;- - ×

Ø pdwfcsyguGm- -ud k<f haus;Z l ;@ Si fud k @ S<f<may;7rSmayg h ?

rif;- -wDcs<fa':wifrm0if;ud kze fE d li f7ifawmh tyDyJuGm? 'gayr<f h

vG<fawmhvG<fr<frxifbl;? rmeodyfjuD;wmuG- - ×

Ø r d e f ; raw Gb< favmu frme ju D ; ju D ; | y d k i fu Gu f aw G h 7i f

0i foGm;r SmyguGm? uJa[h- -r7Ed li fao;wJ h[mtajumif ; a_ymrae

eJ h ? ' Dae hud ki f7awmhr<f hudp Pud k t7ifvky fju7atmif? a[m[d kr Sm?

61

rif;aqmfav; vmae_yD- - ×

q7mra':wifrm0i f ;av#mufoGm; _y D ; ra@S ;raE Smi f ;qd kovd kr Sm

yif rusif[kefa7mufvmonf? rusif[kefr Sm wpfa<mufwnf;awmh

r[kwf? olr>ta': taz:ygvmonf? rusif[ke fonf7efy d ki fp d k ;ud k

rsufv$m0if hum wpfcsufr#omvSrf;junfh_y D; âa_ê77yif ausmif;xJ

o d k h0i fo Gm ;onf? 7e fy d k i fp d k ;E Si f ho de f ;atmi fausm fw d k hE Sp fa<mufvnf ;

cy fwnfwnfyi f rodvd kufrodzmomaevd kufonf? c^tjumwGi f

vbuf7nfzd k ;rsm;@Si f;ay;_yD; ausmif;xJod k h0ifvmjuavonf?

ausmi f ;tm;upm;0i f ;xJwGi f [d kem;onfem;av#mufjuonf?

(10)em7Dxd k ;aomtcgwGi fawmh cs de f ;qd kxm;aomae7mod k h xGufc J h ju

onf?

rusi f[ke f>ta': r@S KvGr fonf ausmif ;tm;upm;y G JuauÈ;

62

onfhr ke f h[if;cg;pm;aomuf_y D ;aemuf tdr f _ye foGm;onf? nae(3)em7D

ausm f ausm f avmufw Gi f _ye fvmac:rn f[ kvnf ; a _ymo Gm ;onf ?

rusi f[ke fonf oli<fcsi f ;r de f ;raz:rsm;E Si f ha7mum ta_y;_y d Ki fy G Jr sm;

junf haeonf? olr>pdwfuawmh _y d Ki fy G Jr sm;wGi fr@ S d ? 7efy d ki fp d k ;E Si f h

c s de f ;awGv#i f b<fvd krsm;awG hjuH K7rnfenf;[kawG;awmum 7ifz d kae

onf? rusif[ke fr Sm 7nf;pm;ESi f hcs de f ;awG hz l ;onf htawG htjuHKr@S dao;?

od k haomf tcsp f0wW Krsm;xJwGi f zwfxm;z l ;wmawGawmh @S daeonf?

ayG hzufwm| erf;wmcH7zd k h@ S dajumif; em;vnfonf? xd kod k hem;vnfae

rSKu tysd Krav;ud k 7ifcke faeaponf?

(10)em7 Dausm fausm favmufa7mufaomtcg rusi f[ke fonf

ra<mifrvnfESi f htomwpfa<mufwnf;c G JxGufvmonf? [k dem;onf

em;av#mufoGm;av#mufvm vkyfonf? _yD;awmh cs de f;qd kxm;7mae7m

qDod k h tomxGufvmcJ havonf?

ausmi f ;tm;upm;uGi f ;E Si f hausmi f ;cr f ;rbufwGi f vlr sm ;pnf

um;oavmuf ausmif;taqmuftOD;rsm;bufwGifawmh vlodyfr@S dvS

ausmi f ;tay:xyfr Smawmh vloluif ;a0;um wdwfqdwfvd k hyi faeyg

onf? p dwfvS Ky f@ Sm ;aeaomrusi f[ke fr Sm ajumufovd kvd k _zp fvm7

onf? a_czsm;vufzsm;awG at;vmonf? roGm;awmhy Jaemuf_ye f

vSnf h7 aumif ;E d l ;E d l ;yi fp dwful ;r donf? od k haom f csp folE Si f hawG hvd k

63

onf hqE Nuvn f ; @ S d a e7 m w G e f hq kw fw G e f hq kw f a _ cv S r f ; r s m ; E S i f h

yxrwef;(u)@S d7mod k h av#mufvSrf;vmcJ honf?

xd kae7mu acsmifusovdkvd kr d k h wdwfqdwfaeonf? ausmif;

ce f ;wHcg;r Sm t_cm;tcef;awGvd k aomhrcwfxm;? aomhy Gi f haeonf?

_yD;awmhaphxm;onfhtwGuf wHcg;ur[w[av;? 7efyd ki fp d k ;a7muf@S d

apmif hqd ki f ;aewm aocsmonf? rusif[kef>7ifonf w'def;' de f ;c ke fI

vmonf? olr>tae_zif h onfvd kwpfcgr# _yif; _yif;xefxef7ifrcke f

bl;ao;?

_zp fr S _zp fyg hrvm;? oGm;vd k hr Saumif ;yg hrvm;[laomtawG;rsm;

0i fvmonf? od k haom f onfae7mwGi fawG hqH k7e f olrud k<fwk di fu

oabmwlvufcHum tcsde f;tcsufvkyfcJ honfrd k h <ckta_ctaea7muf

r Sawmh aemufqkwfum_yefvSnf hoGm;vd k hr_zpfE d li fawmhyg? 7nfpm;E Si f h

cs de f ;awG hv#if rnfod k h _zpfysufjuHK7rnfenf;[k ud k<fwd ki fc Hpm;junfhvd k

aompdwfuvnf; wd k;I_yif;xefvmonf?

rusi f[ke fonf cgwd ki f ;7ufrsm;xufyi f yd kIvSvSyy_c<fo

0wfpm;xm;onf? ausmif;wGifyG J@ S daomajumif h xd kod k h _c<fo0wfpm;rS K

u d k rusi f[ k e f>t dr fuvnf ; bmr Sra _ym ? rusi f[ k e fuawm h

ausmi f ;tm;upm;y G Jxuf 7nf ;pm ;a@ S h ar SmufwGi fv Syac smarmap7e f

64

yd kI7nf@G<fum _c<fo0wfpm;c J h _ci f ; _zpfonf? rdr d@ S d K ;xkwfxm;rS Kud k

7nf;pm;tm; _yocsifonf?

rusi f[ke fonf xk di f ;7<f' Dr dw fbavmuft_zLvuf@ Sn fE Si f h

tp dr f ;a7mi fbDbJvfpuyf@ Snfwd k hud k 0wfxm;onf? qHyi fwd kuav;

rsm;ud kawmh teDa7mi fz J _ym;_zi f h vSvSyypnf;Ixm;onf? rsufE Sm

w Gi fr dw fuy fv dr f ;um E S Kw fcr f ;e Dy g ;e Dvnf ;q d k ;xm;onf? xd k h _yi f

(t dr furodatmi f ) twGi f ;c Hb7mp D<mud kvnf ; 0wfxm;avao;

onf? rusif[kef>rdbrsm;onf tawmfa@S;qefjuay7m b7mpD<m

awGbmawG0wfwmud k rjudKuf? rusif[ke fwd k huawmh acwfrde f ;u

av;rsm;yDyD abmfvDxufb7mpD<mudkom yd k0wfvd konf? 'gajumif h

tdrfae7if; ntdyf7m0iftcsdefrsm;avmufwGif b7mpD<mudk0wfcGif h 7onf?

t _ y i f o k d h x G u f a o mt c g r s m ; w G i f a w m h b 7 m p D < m 0w f c G i f h

r7ju?

<ck7nf;pm;a@S hwGif @S d K ; _yvd kaomajumif h rusif[kefb7mpD<m

c d k ; I0w fvmc J hon f ? ru si f[ k e f>x d k i f ; 7< f ' D r dw fbavmu fp fu

tom;xlxJ_y D ; cyfy Gy G _zp fav7m b7mpD<m0wfxm;onfud k r_ri f

ro dE d l i f ? ausm _yi fu d kvuf _zi f h y Gw foy fu d k i fw G< f junf h r Somv#i f

b7mpD<m0wfxm;ajumif; od@S dayvdrf hrnf?

rusif[ke fonf aphxm;aomwHcg;a@S hwGi f acwWr#tom7yfI

65

aeonf? txJod k hav#mufvSr f ;0ifoGm;7rSm @Sufovd kvd kr d k h rdr dud k<f

r dr dtm;ay;7if ; 7yfaerdonf? c^jumrStHjudwfum wHcg;ud kwGe f ;

z Gi f honf? _yD;awmh tcef;xJvSrf;0ifonf?

txJo d k h a7mu faomtc g [d k[ d konfonfr su fap hupm ;um

7e fy d ki fp d k ;u d k@ Smjunf honf? rawG h7awmh aumi frav;rsufvH k ;av;

t0d ki f ;om; _zp fonf? tce f ;>_yLwif ;ayguftm;vH k ; y dwfxm;onf?

r Se fwHcg ;r sm; _zp fI t_yi fbufr Stvif;a7mi fxd k ;azguf0i faomajumif h

tcef;xJwGi fawmfawmfav;vif;vif;csi f ;csi f ;@ S daeonf? aumif;aumif;

_rifomEd li fonf? rnfolr#r@S daomajumif h cs de f ;xm;_y D;7efy d ki fp d k ;a7muf

rsm;ra7mufao;bl;vm;[k oHo<0ifrdonf? 'gayr<f h tcef;wHcg;

ud k jud Kjud Kwifwifz Gi f hxm;wmuawmh pOf ;pm;p7m? wHcg;z Gi f hxm;_y D ;

vlub<fa7mufaeavoenf;?

Ø ud kud ka7- -a[h udkud k ×

rusif[kefu cyftkyftkyftoH_yKvd kufonf?

Ø wd k h- -'DrSmyguG vmcJ hav ×

tcef;>ta@S hbufwHcg;em;qDr S 7efy d ki fp d k ;>toHay:vmonf?

66

xkdpmoifcef;wGi f ta@S hbuf0ifaygufESi f h taemufbuf0ifayguf[lI

wHc g ;E Sp fay guf@ S d7m rusi f[ke f0i fvmonfr Sm taemufbufwHc g ;r S

_zpfonf? taemufbufwHcg;onf twef;xJ@S dc ke frsm;> aemufbuf

twef;rsm;ab;wGif_zpfonf? ta@S hbufwHcg;uawmh q7mrxkdi fonfh

pm;y G Jc ke fab;wGi f _zp f7m xd k hwHcg ;>a@S hwGi f q7mrxk di faompm;y G JE Si f h

xk di fc ke fr SvG JI ausmif;om;rsm;xd ki faomckefwef;rsm;r@S d?

rusif[kefonf pmoifcke frsm;tjum; vrf;ajumif;ae7mrSaeI

tce f ;ta@ S hbufod k h av#mufvSr f ;o Gm ;onf? onfwp fc gw Gi fawm h

aumifrav;>a_cvSrf;wd k hu tawmfav;ud koGufaeonf?

p moi f c e f ;ta@ S hbu fq Do d k h ru si f[ k e f a7 mu fo G m ;on f ?

7efyd ki fp d k ;ud k awGh7yg_yD?

ie Jom;onf q7mrxd ki fc ke fE Si f hpmoifce f ;ta@S hbufwHcg;jum;

@ S d jurf ; _yi fay:Yci f ;xm;aomzsmcsy fxufY tcef hom;vJavsmi f ;ae

onf? ol hac gi f ;atmufwGi f yvy fpwdwfavr S Kw fac gi f ;t ke f ;wp fc k

t ke f ;xm;onf ? xd k ac gi f ;t ke f ;E S i f h< SO fv #u f avr S kw fyvy fpw dw f

ac gi f ;t ke f ;tvGwfwp fc kuvnf; toif h@ S d aeonf? c Hwi f | ar G h7m |

_ci faxmifwd k hp H kp H kvifvifr@ S daomfvnf; r~Fvmtcef; _yi fqifxm;onf h

ta_ccHoabmrs d K ;r d k h rusif[kefr Sm tvdkvd kyifa_cvSrf;wH k hum @Suf@G H h@ G H h

67

_zpfoGm;rdavonf?

Ø a[h- -vmavuGm usifusif- - ×

7e f y d k i f p d k ;u o l h ab;ae7mu d ktomy kw f _ y _y D ; ac :av7m

rusif[kefrsufESmxlylIoGm;onf?

Ø [m- -vmcsifygbl;- - ×

rusi f[ke f _ii f ;vd kufr donf? aemufod k ha _cvSr f ;qkwfrnft_yK

7e fy d k i f p d k ;u tdy fae7mr Sc k e fxum c smw dw fru d k ap G hue Jaeatmi f

vSrf;IzufayG honf?

Ø td k ;- -rm;rm; ×

rusif[kef>yg;pyfrS atmfoHav;ay:xGufonf? wpfud k<fvH k;

y lxlz de f ;@ S de f ;onf? @kwfw7ufbm_zpfoGm;r Se f ;yi frodvd kuf? olrtod

_yef0ifvmcs de fr Smawmh olrwpfud k<fvH k ;7efy d ki fp d k ;7ifc Gi fxJa7mufaeav

_y D? tm;7yg;7ud kzufxm;onfomru vufwpfbufuvnf;olr>

nmbuf7ifom;ay:a7muf@S dqkyfud ki fxm;onf?

Ø [m- -udkud k raumif;bl;uGm- -z<fprf;yg? v$wf ×

68

@Sufp dwf_zif hwpfud k<fvH k ;xly lz de f ;@ S de f ;um qwfqwfwke f7ifae

aomaumifrav;u twif;@ke f;onf? 7efyd ki fp d k ;u txmaygufonf?

@Sufpdwf| tys d K@ k di f ;p dwf_zif h@ ke f;r Se f; em;vnf;onf? 'gajumif h twif;

qufzu frxm; ? toma _zv $w fay ;onf ? x d ko d k hv $w ftay ;w Gi f

nmbufy g ;uav;u d k @ $w fue J E S mac gi f ;uy gIty Der f ;v d ku fav7m

tys d Kav;7ifwkefyef;wke f _zpfIoGm;7avonf?

zufxm;7mrSv$wfay;aomtcg rusif[kefuawmh xGufra_y;

yg? 7efy d ki fp d k ;ab;em;wGi f acgi f ;av;atmufi H k hum 7ifav;wzd kz d kE Si f h

xd ki fIaeonf? ESp fa<mufom;zsmay:wGif twl<SOfumrtdyfjuao;

aomfvnf; twl<SOfIawmh xd ki fr daejuyg_y D? 'gu 7efy d ki fp k d ;tzd k h

wd k ;wufrS Kwpfckyif?

Ø usifusifud k- -cspfw<fuGm- - ×

7e fy d ki fp d k ;u cyfwd k ;wd k ;av;a_ym_y D ; b<fbufyg;av;ud kar $ ;

juLvdkuf_yefonf?

Ø td k- -junfhygvm; ×

aumifrav;@SufaoG;zsmum rsufESmxltef;e D _ref;oGm;_yefonf?

69

acgi f ;av;i J h< dr f ;v d ku faom fvnf; t7r f ; juD ;@ ke f ;x Guf _ci f ;awm hr@ S d ?

7efy d ki fp d k ;u aumifrav;>b<fbufykc ke f ;ud ktomav;od ki f ;zufonf?

rusi f[ ke fr@ ke f ; ? r_ii f ; ? acgi fav;i H k hv d k h _i dr faeonf? 7i fuawmh

t7rf;ckefvd k h?

xd ktcg 7efy d ki fp d k ;u wqif hwufonf? csmwdwfrud ky d kIcyf

wif;wif;od ki f;zufqG J<lonf? _yD;awmh ESKwfcrf;csif;z dtyfum pkyf<l

onf?

usrf;uÈifp Gmpky ferf;vk dufonfh cs d K _r de faomterf;onf w@kwfr

av;rusif[ke fud k aumif;aumif;juD;v$r f ;r d k ;onf? aumifrav;rsuf

awmifawGarS ;pi f ;usonf? rd k h0e f ;aom7ifav;aumhwufonf? ud k<f

v H k ;av;r Smvnf ; ay sm hay sm hac Gac Gav; _zp fum 7e fy d k i fp d k ;7i fx Jy d kI

a7mufvmonf? 7ifcsi f ;tyfr dovd kr d k h aumifrav;>w'de f ;' de f ; _rnf

aeaom ESvH k ;c ke foHud kyi f 7efy d ki fp d k ;xdawG hjum;odae7onf? r#i f ;I

ar#m haoG;p ky fovd kvky fay;aeonf h rusi f[ke f>ES Kwfcr f ;om;axG;axG;

tdtdav;rsm;onfvnf; wqwfqwfwke f7i fIvmonfud k 7efy d ki fp d k ;

owd_yKrdonf? 7efyd ki fp d k ;u rusif[kef>vHk;uspfaomwifyg;qH ktdtdud k

nmvuf_zi f hqky fud ki fz sp f!Sp fonf? zifom;juD;awGu wif;wif;7i f ;

7i f ;@ S dvSonf? zsp f!Sp fvd kufaomvufacsmi f ;rsm;tjum;wGi f wqkyf

70

wcJjuD;tdaeonf?

rusif[ke fr Smawmh @S Kci f ;omtyef;a_zO<smOfxJr S 'ef ;tjuD;

pm;juD;cy f _yi f ; _yi f ;v$ JIp D ;7ovd kr s d K ; c Hpm;ae7onf? tonf;wat;

at; 7ifwzd kz d kE Si f h ? rdr dr Smtxuf_rif hwufoGm;vd kuf? atmufedr f hus

vmvdkuf _zpfaeoa<mifcHpm;7onf? rjuHKzl;ao;onfh cHpm;rS Ktm@k H

tqef;yif?

wifyg;juD;ud kqkyfe<fae7mrS 7efyd ki fp d k ;u olhvufud ktay:od k h

toma@$ h<lonf? xd kod k ha@$ h7mwGif rusif[kef0wfxm;aombavmufpf

tuô satmufbufr Svufud kx d k ;xnf honf? xd ka jumi f ho l hvufonf

rusi f[ke f>at;_r0if ;r Gwfaomcg;om;ud k prf ;r donf? cg;om;yuwd

twdki f;prf;r daomajumif h onfaumifrav;onf b7mpD<m| od k hr[kwf

c g ; o m ; t aw m f u d k w d k a o m ab m f v D c g ; w d k w d k u d k at mu f c H

t_zp f0wfxm;7rnf[k 7e fy d ki fp d k ;twwfodvd ku fonf? 7e fy d ki fp d k ;u

prf ;r daomcg;om;tdtdav;rsm;ud k tomvufacsmi f ;rsm; _zi f hxdy Gwfay;

vd kuf7m w@kwfrav;rSm <m;usdus d _zpfv#uf cg;wGef hoGm;onf?

Ø td k- -junfhygvm;- -<m;w<f udkud k7 [if h ×

y g ;py fc si f ;vnf;tomcGmay;vd kuf7m aumi frav;>@SufpE d k ;

71

toHvGifvGifav;_zif h a_ymoHay:vmonf?

t @ S d e f 7v m _ y D r d k h 7 e f y d k i f p d k ; u o l h vu fwp fbu fu d k

aumi f ;aumi f ;tvky fay;onf? 7e fy d k i fp d k ;vufr sm ;onf rusi f[ ke f

wpfud k<fvH k ;ud k [d kae7ma7mufvd kuf | onfae7ma7mufvd kuf _zp fI

aeonf? wp f7p fq l _z d K ; avaomtom;qd k i fw d k hu d k p dw f ju d Ku fyi f

tm;remwrf; ud ki fwG<fzspf!SpfyGwfoyfIaeavonf?

Ø [if htif;uGm- -ud kud k- -odyfruJeJ h ×

w@ kw frav;u awmi f ; ye f @ k e f ;ue f ao;on f ? ' g ayr< f h

tajumuftuef@ke f ;uef_cif;rs d K ;r[kwfonfhtwGuf rvGwfyg? 7efyd ki f

p d k ; u d k i f o r # tu k e f c H I a e 7 a von f ?

Ø [muGm- -junfhygvm;- -td k- -tJ'grud ki fe J hav- -

[m [m @G Hvnf;r@G Hbl;? td k ;rm;rm; ×

w@kwfrav;wpfa<muf tonf;wat;at;| 7ifwzd kz d k |

ausmwcsr f ;csr f ; _zp fIaeonf? 7efy d ki fp d k ;uawmh uJonfxufuJvm

onf? onfvd kuJwufvmrS Kud k cGi f hr_yKoif hr Se f ;odaomfvnf; rusif

[ke fr Sm _iif;E d li ftm;r@S dawmh? wm;qD;Ed li fp Gr f ;vnf;ewW d? olr>aoG;

72

om;wd k hu qla0um 7efy d ki fp d k ;>tud ki ftwG<ftES d KuftyGwfrsm;ud k

oabmusIaeav7m rusif[ke ftae_zif h b<frSmv#if@ ke f ;uefEd li fp Gr f ;

@ S dygawmhrnfenf;?

7efy d ki fp d k ;u bavmufpftuôs>7ifbwfus<foD;rsm;ud k _zKwf

yp frnf _y KaomtcgwGi fawm h rusi f[ ke fr S majumuftm;ve f htm;E Si f h

awmif;yef7avawmhonf?

Ø [if hti f ;- -[if hti f ;- -ud ku d ku Gm tJ' Davmufawm h

uJwufrvmeJ h? z<f- -z<f ×

Ø usifusifuvJuGm- -wdk hud kcspfw<fqd k- - ×

Ø csp fy gw<f? csp fvd k htc kvd k vmawG hwmayg h ? 'gayr<f h

'grs d K ;awmhrjudKufbl; ×

Ø bmudkrjudKufwmvJ ×

Ø td kuGm- -[dk'if;- - ×

Ø usi fu si fuvJu Gm- -tc k' D r S mE Sp f a<mufwnf ;y J@ S dwm

73

@Sufraeprf;yge J h? tuôscÈwfvd kuf7atmif [kwfvm; ×

Ø [if htif;- -[if htif;- -rcÈwfeJ h td ktd k- - ×

ru s i f[ k e f>r su f E S m e D _ r e f ; a eon f ? tou f @ S L _ y i f ;um

rsufvH k ;wd k hvnf; 7Da0rde f;r l;aeonf? trSeftwdki f;a_ym7v#if w@kwf

rav; 7rufaZmtawmfav;ud k Ed k ;juGaeonf? od k haomf todpdwf

av;uvnf; @ S daeao;7m tys d K@ k di f ;av;vnf; _zp faeonfr d k h tuô s

tcÈwfc H7rSmud k tawmf@ Sufaeonf? 'gud kvd kufavsmzd k h 0efav;ae

onf? aumifrav;pdwfujuGaeaomfvnf; @Sufp dwfajumif h _ii f ;qef

@ ke f ;ue faer Se f ; 7e fy d ki fp d k ;txmaygufem;vnfonf? 7rufp dwfonf

onfxufy d kE d k ; juGatmi fvky fay;v#i f @ Sufajumufp dwfE Si f hâa_êp dwf

wd k hu d kv $r f ;r d k ;um rdr dtvd kus _y Kor#E k7awmhrnf[kvnf; odonf?

'gajumif h rusi f[ke f7rufaZmxonfxufxatmif qufvufvky f

aqmifES d K ;qGay;onf?

wD ;wd k ;a _ymqd kum acsm harm honf? terf ;av;awGacÈonf?

[d ky GwfonfyGwfvky fonf? rusif[ke fr Smw@kwfrwpfa<mufppfppf _zp f

_y D ; toufuvnf;(16)E Sp fomom| aoG;om;ql_z d K ;onf htm;aumif ;

cs de f _zpf7m rjumrDrSmyif7rufaZmt[kefu tm;vH k ;ud kv$rf;r d k htEd li f<l

oGm;onf? âa_êqnf7rSm| t@Suftajumuf@S d7r SmawGud k rodEd li f

74

awm h ? 7e fy d k i fp d k ;v ky for#ud kr _ii f ;E d l i fy J wp fud k< fvH k ;y H kty f7onf h

ta_ctaeodk ha7mufonf?

a[m junfhav?

z smay:w Gi fE Sp fa<mufom;<SO fum vJavsmi f ;t dy fr d ju_y D ?

tdyfr dwmrS @k d ;@ k d ;awmifr[kwf? ayG hzufzspf!Spfv#ufom;juD;?

7e fy d ki fp d k ;onfrusi f[ke f>ES Kwfcr f ;z l ;z l ;av;ud k tvGwfray;

wrf;i H kc Jumpky faeonf? rusif[ke fc_rmrSm terf;>qG Jac:7mod k hygum

rsufvH k ;yi frzGi f hE d li fawmh? 7efy d ki fp d k ;>vufrsm;u rusif[ke f0wfxm;

aomx d k i f ; 7< f' D r dw fbavmu fp ftu ô s> 7i fbw fus< fo D ;r s m ;u d k

wp fvH k ; _y D ;wp fvH k ; _z Kwfyp faeonf? Tus<foD ;awG _z Kwfaeajumi f ;

rusif[kefodonf? 'gayr<fhuef huGuf_iif;qef@ke f;uefEd li ftm; r@S dawmh

y g ?

us<foD;tm;vH k ;tukeftpif_zKwfypf_y D ;r S 7efy d ki fp d k ;uiH kc Jp ky f<l

xm;aom rusif[kef>ESKwfcrf;av;rsm;ud kv$wfay;onf?

Ø [if htif;- -udkud k7<f- -ruJygeJ hawmh@Si f awmfygawmh ×

y g ;py fc si f ;u GmoGm ;aomtcg rusi f[ ke f>yg ;py fr S _ii f ;qe fo H

75

av;ay:xGufonf? toHwGi f 7rufaZmawGu t_ywfv$r f ;r d k ;xm;

onf? cyfoJ hoJ hcy fwd k ;wd k ;av;? _iif ;y<foH7<fvd k h owfrSwfvd k hyi f

r7?

7e fy d ki fp d k ;uawmh us<foD ;r sm ; _y KwfI 7i fbwfa_yy Gi f ho Gm ;

aomajumif h ay:xGufvmaeonfhrusif[kef>7if!Gef hud k tomukef;I

_yGwfueJ_rnfatmifpky ferf;onf?

Ø td k;- -[if h ×

rusif[kef>yg;pyfrS nnf;oHoJ hoJ hav;ay:xGufonf?

Ø b7mpD<mcÈwfr<faemf- - ×

yg ;py fuvnf;a_ym| vufuvnf;aemufausmbufok d ha7muf

_yD; b7mpD<mausmcs dwfud k ud ki fonf?

Ø [m- -[m- -tJ'gawmhrvkyfyge J h? b7mpD<mrcÈwfygeJ h?

[m- - 'kuQygyJ- - ×

rusi f[ke fu uref;uwef;awmif;ye fonf? awmif;ye fpum;

76

rqHk;r Dr Smyif 7efyd ki fp d k ;u vuf_refa_c_refESi f h b7mpD<maemufausm

cs dwfrsm; _zKwfypfvd kuf _y D ; _zp fonf? rusi f[ke f0wfxm;onf hb7mpD<m

onf tjuD;pm;b7mpD<m_zpf7m twefvH k _c H Konf? aemufausmcs dwf

od ki f ;jud K ;vufE Sp fvH k ;ausm f _y D ; aemufausmcs dwfE Sp fc kyg@ S donf? 'gay

r<f h b7mpD<maemufausmcs dwft_zKwfuÈr f ;usi faeaom7efy d ki fp d k ;u

xdkaemufausmcs dwfESp fc kvH k ;ud k qufwd kufyiftvG<fwul_zKwfypfvd kuf

E d li fonf? b7mpD<ma_yav#moGm;_y D ; rd k h0e f ;aomzl;opfpEd k htH kav;rsm;

tpnf;taESmifuif;rJ hoGm;_yD?

rusi f[ ke fonf twi f ;yi fxa_y ;o Gm ;c si fonf ? ' gayr<f h

p dw fom@ S donnf? vlurvd ku fE d l i f ? 7rufaZmu tvGe fu d ktm;

aumif;Iaeonf?

7e fy d k i f p d k ;u aemufausmc s dw f _y Kw fIa _yav#muso Gm ;aom

b7mp D<mud k tomtay:od k hyi f hwi fvd kufonf? b7mp D<ma@ S hy d ki f ;

7i ft H kr sm ; rusi f[ke f>ar;ap hatmufod k ha7mufuke fonf? us<foD ;

tukef _zKwf_y D; _zpfaom bavmufpf>7ifbwfuvnf;qG J[Iaeav7m

Ed k ht H kE Sp fvH k ;onf tumtuG<fr@ S dawmhy J yuwdtwd ki f ;0i f ;r Gwfp Gm

ay:xGufvmonf? 7i fz d kr Sroef ;z l ;ao;onf hi<fi<fE kE kw@kwfrtys d K

pp fpp fav;>7ifom;rsm;onf EkxGwfvH k ; juGaeonf? wif;7i f ;r d k h0e f ;

aeonf? _zLazG;@Si f;oef haeonf?

77

rusi f[ke fonf rdr d>iH kz l ;pE d k htH kr sm; tqkyfe<fc H7awmhrnf h

tcs de fu d k 7i fwz d kz d ktonf;wat;at;_zi f hapmi f hpm ;ae7@ Smavonf?

t0wftpm;rsm;tay:rS Ed k htud ki fc Hc J h7pOfuyif wpfud k<fvH k ;y lxlz de f ;

@ S d e f ;tonf;w<m;<m;_zp fc J h7ay7m <ckbmtzH k ;tumr Sr@ S day:wif

juD ; _zp faeaomE d k h awGud ktud ki fc H7v#i f b<fvd kr sm ;aeavrnfenf ; ?

yd k7ifz d k7rSm| yd kp dwfvSKyf@ Sm;7rSmuawmh odyfud kaocsmonf?

7efyd ki fp d k ;u tysd KppfppfEd k htH kE Sp fvH k ;ud k tm;7yg;7zspf!SpfqG Jypf

vd kufcsifaomfvnf; pdwfud kxdef;xm;onf? odyfjurf;vd k hr_zpfao;?

xd ka jumi f h 7i fom;ywf0e f ;usi fw Gi f@ S d aeaom 7i fn Ge f hE Si f h

0r f ;y sO fom ;r s m ;u d k vuf0 g ; _zi f htomt<mav;y Gw foy fay ;onf ?

o dy frjur f ;wr f ;y JE Si f h aumi frav;r@ k d ;r@ Gp dw fawGE d k ; ju Gvmatmi f

_yKvky fonf? rusif[ke fr Smawmh Ed k htud ki fc Hvd kp dwfawG _yif ; _yonf

xuf_yi f ; _yvmonf? rdr dE d k ht H kr sm;ay:od k h 7efy d ki fp d k ;vufawGa7muf@ S d

qky fud ki fvmrnf htcs de fud k 7ifwzd kz d kE Si f hapmi f hvif honf? Ed k hay:ud ki fr d

rvd kv d kE Si f hab;od k hw dr f ;z<fIomoGm;ae7m 7i fxJwGi fusvdusvdE Si f h

aerx dx d k i f rom _zp fIvmonf ? y g ;py fr Sw[i f ;[i f ;to Hav;r s m ;

wD;wd k ;ay:xGufonf? xd ktcg7efyd ki fp d k ;u nmbufEd k hoD;acgif;xdyfav;

ud k vufrESif hrxdwxdav;vSrf;umyGwfvd kufonf?

78

Ø td k- -[if h ud kud k7<f ×

rusif[ke fr Sm usifpufESi f htwd k hc Hvd kuf7ovd k _zpfonf? qwf

ueJwkefonf? 7efyd ki fp d k ;ub<fbufEd k htH kud k vufcke f _zif hrxdwxdav;

cyfz dz dvky fvd kuf _ye fonf? _y D ;awmhnmbufEd k hoD ;ud k vuf!S d K ;vufr

wd k hE Si f h ususeeqG Jud ki fum a@S haemufvSKyf@ Sm;yGwfay;onf? tys d Kpif

av;r d k h E d k ho D ;xdy fav;onf txJod k hcy fc s d Ki f hc s d Ki f hav;_r Ky fIaeonf?

od k haomfqG Jy Gwfay;aomtcgwGi fawmh w_znf; _znf;tay:od k hawmifI

wufvmonf? touf@SLrrSe fawmh?

Ø ud kud k7m- -b<fvd kjuD;vkyfaewmvJuGm td k[if h[if h ×

7e fy d ki fp d k ;u Ed k hoD ;acgi f ;av;wpfc kud k wpfcsufuke f ;p d k hay;_ye f

onf? Ed k hoD;ud k@ Sm_zif hvnf;xd k ;7ufay;onf? Ed k htH kom;rsm;ud k ES kwfcrf;

_zif hxd k ;z derf;@ S Ky fvd kufao;onf? rusif[keftys d K@ k di f ;av;rSm 7efyd ki fp d k ;>

txmusuÈr f ;usi fy d ki fE d li faom tud ki ftwG<fatmufwGi f vH k ;0yi f

vufaÕrmuft@S H K ;ay;vd kuf7av_yD? aumifrav;pdwfyd kxum aysmhus

ae_y Dud k7 dy fr daom7efy d ki fp d k ;uvnf; Ed k ht H kr sm;ud kcy fjurf ;jurf ;toH k ;c s

vmonf? cyfwif;wif;ud ki fwG<fonf? Ed k hoD;acgif;rsm;ud kzspf!Spfonf?

qdwfIyifqG Jay;vd kufavao;onf? Ed k hud kcy fjurf;jurf;toH k ;c H7aom

79

tcg rusif[kefr Smxd k ;ueJwGef hueJ_zpfv#uf yg;pyfrSvnf; Øtd k ; × ueJ

Øtd× ueJ toHrsm;ay:xGufonf? 7efyd ki fp d k ;>vufu puyfatmuf

od k hwd k ;0i fvmonf? rusi f[ke f>twGi f ;c Habmif ;bDav;ud kqG JcÈwfrnf

_yKonf?

Ø [if htif;ud kud k7<f- -tJ'gawmhrvkyfe J huGm aemf aemf ×

rusi f[ke fu_ii f ;qe fonf? _ii f ;om_ii f ;ae7onf? toHu

r de f ;r de f ;r l ;r l ;E Si f h ? _ii f ;y<fo HE Si f hv H k ;0rwl? 7rufaZmxe fxe f _zi f h

a_ymqd konfhavoHrs d K ; _zpfaeonf?

aumifrav;b<fta_ctaeqd kufae_yDud k em;vnfaom7efy d ki f

p d k ;u vkyfp7m@S donfud k vuf7JZuf7Jyifqufvkyfonf? _iif;qefae

onf hjum;rSyif twGif ;c Habmif;bDud kqG JcÈwfypfonf? puyf@ SnfjuD;

u d k r l c Èw fraeawm h ? y d k i f y d k i f E d l i f E d l i f yi fq G J rv Se fwi fv k du fonf ?

rusif[ke fr Sm Ed k htH kE Sp fc ktazG;om;? zifjuD;ta_ymifom;| apmufzkwf

juD;txif;om;_zpfoGm;onf?

atmufy d ki f ;ay:uke f _y Du d ko daomtcg rusi f[ ke fr Smtys d K@ k d i f ;

wp f a<mu f@ Su f a jumu fp dw f _ zi f h u ke f ;xz d k h ju d K ; pm ;y g ao;onf ?

o d k h aom fv#i fv Saom7e fy d k i fp d k ;u aumi frav;rxE d li fatmi ftay:r S

80

yd ki fy d ki fE d li fE d li fz dxm;v#uf aygi fc Gjum;od k hnmvuf_zif hE S d kufum apmuf

ywfud kprf;onf? apmufzkwfupd kaeonf? azgi f ;aeonf? tomyGwf

ay;vd kuf7m yd kIazgif;onf? rusif[ke fonfvnf; _idr fIacGusonf?

r@ke f;awmh? _iif;qd kpum;av;yif r_yKEd li fawmh? rsufvH k ;ud kp H kr S dwfxm;

onf? rsufESmwGifvnf; vuf0g;_zif htky fumxm;onf? 7efy d ki f ;p d k ;u

apmufywfud kav;ig;csuftomyGwfay;onf? rusif[ke fwtif htif htoH

av;om_rnfonf? bmr Srv S Ky f@ S m ; ? uke f ;xz d k hq d kwma0;vma0; ?

tyd ki fodr f ;7e ftcs de fusae_y Dr d k h 7efy d ki fp d k ;onf aumifrav;ud k

y d ki fE d li fp Gmz dxm;7mr S tomav;z<fc Gmonf? z dxde f ;xm;r S Kr@ S dawmh

aomfvnf; rusi f[ke fr Smyufvufpi f ;pi f ; juD ;E d k hay:zi fay:_zp fae7mr S

rxEd li fawmhyg? z H k ;z H k ;z dz dyi frvky fE d li fawmhyg? ci f ;xm;aomzsmxuf

wGif cyfum;um;av;oem;pzG<fusefae@Smonf?

r dr donfwpfud k<fvH k ;ray:@ k Hwr<fom@S daeum Ed k hawGzi fawG

tzkwfawGwpfud k<fvH k ; _ri fomae_y Dud ko daom fvnf; rusi f[ke fonf

zH k ;z H k ;z dz dvkyfz d k hrjudK;pm;awmh? xd kod k hvky fvd konf hp dwfvnf;r@S d? vlrSm

rvSKyfcsifawmhavmufatmif_zpfaeonf?

7e fy d ki fp d k ;u 0wfxm;aomykqd k ;ud k cy f _re f _re fc Èwfyp fonf?

7efy d ki fp d k ;onf rsm;aomtm;_zif habmif;bD@ Snfud kom pwd ki fusus0wf

81

wwfonf? onfae hy G JtwGufuawm h txl ;py g<f@ S< foabm_zi f h

y kqd k ;0wfxm;onf? atmufc Habmi f ;bDvnf; jud KwifumcÈwfxm;

onf? 'gajumif hvnf;y kqd k ;cÈwfvd kufonfESi f h atmufyd ki f ;yvmusif;

oGm;onf? vD;juD;uvnf;rwfawmifum vdk;7eftoif h?

rusi f[ke fonfr sufap hud ktwif ;p H kr S dw fxm;onf? 'gajumi f h

7e fy d ki fp d k ;y kqd k ;cÈwfcsonfud kr_ri f? 7efy d ki fp d k ;>vD;juD;ud kvnf;r_ri f7

ao;? r dr d>a _caxmufE Sp f ac s mi f ;u d kq G Ju d k i f _ z Jxm ; _ci f ;c H7onf[ k

odonf? rdr dud k7e fy d ki fp d k ;u pyf<Sufawmhrnfr Se f ;vnf; 7dy fr donf?

tys d K7nfy suf7awmhr Smud k em;vnfonf? olr>pdwfawGt7r f ;ud k

vSKyf@ Sm;aeonf? 7rufaZmuvnf; xefrSxef? _yif;rS _yif;? rjumyg

y ly laE G ;aE G ; | vH k ;vH k ;acsmacsmt7mwpfc k r dr d>tzkwf0wGi fawhvd kuf

onfud k cHpm;7onf? rusif[kefwpfud k<fvH k ;wkefoGm;@Smonf?

Ø [d k- -[d k- -rvkyfyge J h@ Si f- -tJ'Dtxdawmh rvkyfyge J h

[if h[if h[if h- -rvkyfyge J h@ Si f ×

r d r d>apmu fyw f0w G i f v D ; aw hv d ku f a jumi f ;o don fE S i f h

rusi f[ ke f i d ko Hy gav;E Si f h _ ii f ;qe f@ S monf ? tawm fu d k ju d K ; pm ;um

_iif;qef7_cif;vnf;_zpfonf? rdr dud k<fwufvd k ;r Sm onftwd ki f ; _i dr fc H

vd kufavsm7onfhta_ctaers d K ;rqd kufatmifom jud k ;pm;um_iif;7_cif;

82

vnf;_zpfonf? toHuawmhryGi f hwyGi f h ? cyfwd k ;wd k ;av;? 7efy d ki fp d k ;

oJoJuG JuG Jyi frjum;7? ud k<fud kvnf;judK;pm;um vl;vGe f h@ ke f ;uef@ Sm

ao;onf? @kef;onfqd k@ k Hav;@ke f;_cif;yg? wpfud k<fvH k ;odrf;us H K ;v$rf;r d k ;

xm;aom umrp dwf7rufaZmt[ke fu d kawm h b<fvd kr Sz dE S dy fv d k hr7

awmhyg?

a':wifrm0i f ;onf vlaumifjuD ;ovd k umrqENvnf;juD ;

onf ? 7ru fxe fonf ? <lxm ;wmuvnf ; oab Fmom ; _zp f _ y D ;

vkyfief;u tquftoG<faumif;r Ge ftqifa_y_yD; qufwd kufqd kovd k

oabFmvd kufae7_ye fav7m vifr<m;E Sp fa<muf vd k ; _zp fjuzd k hrqd k

xm;bd| rsufESmcsi f;qd ki ftwlxrif;rpm;Ed li fy J r<fwpf@Gmarmifwpf_r d K h

_zpfae7onfhtcs de fawGuom rsm;aeonf?

a_ymv#i f<H kr S<H ky g hrvm;rod? tdr faxmi foufwrf ;i g ;E Sp fwm

twGif; vifr<m;ESpfa<mufvd k;_zpfjuonfrSm p<lumptcsde fwGifom

_zp fv #u f aemu fy d k i f ;w G i fwp f E S p f r Swp f c g avmu fyi f rv d k ; _ zp f c J h ?

onfawm h7rufxe fum^SmjuD ;aomr de f ;rom; _zp fo l a':wi frm0i f ;

b<frSmv#ifauseyfa7mif h7 JE d li fygrnfenf;? a':wifrm0if;rSm azguf_yef

83

_cif;awmhrvkyf? rdr dbmomjuHzefum tmoma_zonf? rdr dud k<fud k

rodromay:vGi fatmifvky fum a<mus fm;om;rsm;>tjunf h |ir f ; _ci f ;

u d kc H< l _ci f ;uvnf; olr>tmoma_zaz smufr S Kwp fr s d K ;yi f _zp fonf?

xd k h _yi f' Dvf' d kac:7mbmvD;weftwkE Si f h bd kufba7wmac:tacsmi f ;wd k h

u d kvnf ; vufud k i fxm;umtoH k ; _y Konf? <ae hausmi f ;o d k htvm

a<musfm;om;rsm;0d ki f ;irf;wmcH7rS Kud k auseyfoabmus_yD; 7rufpdwf

awGxvm7m ykc ke f ;od ki f ;tdwfxJwGiftoif hyg@ S dvmaom bd ki fba7wm

ud ktoH k ; _y KI wpfud k<fwnf;tmoma_zE d li f7e f vloluif ;a0;7m_zp f

aom ausmi f ;tay:xyfawmifbufy d ki f ;qDod k h tomv# d Kumwufvm

cJ honf?

'kwd<ydkif;ar#mfyg ?

84

Þ q7mrav;7<f wynfhrav;7<f(2) ß

ausmif ;tay:xyfawmifbufaxmif hp Ge f ;wGi f@ S daom yxrwef;

(u)tcef;xJwGif 7efyd ki fp d k ;E Si f hrusif[kefwd k horD;7nf;pm;pH kwG Jcs de f ;I

awGhqH kaejuonf?

7efy d ki fp d k ;u rde f ;rrS Ktawmfud kuÈrf;aeonf? olta':wpf0rf;

uG J ci f<karm f>us H K ;oGi f ;tpys d K ;ay;r S Kajumi f h r de f ;raumi f ;aumi f ;

vd k ;wwfaeonf? r de f ;rawGud kb<fvd k7rufxefum t7nfaysm fus

atmi fvky f7rnfqd k _ci f ;ud k tawmftoif hem;vnfwwfuÈr f ;aeonf?

rusi f[ke fuawmh wu<f hud ktys d Kpp fpp fav;? 7efy d ki fp d k ;u olr>

yxrqH k ;7nf;pm;? _y D ;awmhrusi f[ke fonf<cktcs de fonf yxrqH k ;

7nf;pm;E Si f hc s de f ;awG hz l ; _ci f ;? <ifz d kr Syi froef;z l ;ao;aomtys d Kpi frav;

rusi f[ke fr Sm 7e fy d ki fp d k ;>vuf_re fa_c_re f@ S dr S K | uÈr f ;usi fvdr Rmr S Kwd k h

ajumif h @SufajumufpdwfawGv$rf;r d k ;avmufatmifyif 7rufxef_yif;

um 7efyd ki fp d k ; _yKor#Ek7awmhrnf hta_ctaeod k h qk dufa7mufaeav_yD?

0wfxm;aom7<f' Dr dwfbavmufp ftuô sr Sm us<foD;tm;vH k ;

_y Kwfum 7i fbwfta@ S hy d ki f ;uG J[aeonf? b7mp D<mr Smvnf;c s dw f

_yKwfv#uf tay:ud kqG JvSe ftwifcHxm;7onf? twGif;c HyifwDabmif;

bDyi fcÈwfyp fc Hxm;7v#uf puyf@ SnfjuD;ud kvnf;vSe fwifc Hxm;7av

85

7m aumifrav;rSm ud k<fvH k ;wD;r_zpf@ k Hwr<fom@S donf? Ed k hawG|zif

awG|apmufywfawGuawmh ay:wifjuD;awG_zpfaejuonf? rusif[kef

onf touf(15)E Sp fausm fausm f | (16)E Sp fomomce f hom@ S dao;aomf

vnf; ud k<fvH k ;u d k< fay gufuawmh tyDt_yi fz G Hx Gm ;Iaeavyg _y D ?

t7y f (5)ay(4)vufrce f h _ri f h _y D ; ud k< ftwd ki f ;txGm (34-22-35)

tcs d K ;tpm;@S donf? w@kwfu_ym;rav;rd k h tom;ta7uvnf; _zL0if;

azG;tkaeonf?

rusi f[ ke fr S mci f ;xm;aomz smtxufwGi f yufvufpi f ;pi f ;

tdyfv#ufom;@S daeonf? 7efyd ki fp d k ;u ykqd k;ud kcÈwfcs_yD;aemuf aumif

rav;ay:wufcGonf? twGif ;c Habmif;bDwd kud k judKwifcÈwfxm;_y D ;

_y Dr d k h 7efy d ki fp d k ;r Smatmufyd ki f ;yvmusif;aeonf? ol>awmifrwfae_yD

_zpfaomvD;acsmif;jud;ud k apmufywf0wGifawhonf?

rusi f[ke fr Sm7i fawGt7rf ;ud kc ke faeonf? pdwfuvnf;t_ywf

ud kvSKy f@ Sm;aeonf? rdrdtys d K7nfysuf7awmhrnfud kodaeonf? onfr#

txdvd ku favsmz d k hroi f hwmud kem ;vnfaom fvnf; b<fvd kr S@ ke f ;ue f

_ii f ;qefE d li fp Gr f ;r@ S d ? 7efy d ki fp d k ;>uÈrf ;usi fy d ki fE d li fp GmE S d K ;qGy Gwfoyfxm;

rS Kajumif h 7rufaZmawGt7rf;ud kxef_yif;aeav7m olrwpfud k<fvH k ;

umrqdyftwufjuD;wufIaeonf?

86

rusif[kefonf rsufvH k ;ud kp H kr S dwfxm;vd kufrdonf?

o lr>apmu fyw fw Gi f aw haxmufxm;aomvD ;ac s mi f ; ju D ;>

xdawG hr S Konf w@kwfu_ym;rav;ud k juufoD;awGzse f ;ueJz se f ;ueJ

xIaeaponf?

awhxm;aomvD;acsmif;juD;>zdvmrSKud k cHpm;7onf? El;nH haomf

vnf; rmajumwkwf@ Snf@ Snft7mwck rdr d>rde f ;rt~F gtacgi f ;xJod k h

wif ;wif ;juyfjuyfwd k ;0i fvmajumif ; od@ S d7_ye fonf? tzkwf0wGi f

us de f ;pyfv#uf twGif;bufrSmvnf;atmif hIoGm;onf? 7ifzd karm[d kufrS K

uvnf; w_ydKi fwnf;@S donf?

Ø tm;- -uÈwfuÈwfuÈwf- -emw<f [if h ×

emonfhtwGuf tys d Krav;pkyfowfum nnf;vd kufrd@ Smonf?

emwmu tawmfud kemonf? 'gayr<f h wud k<fvH k ;y lxlz de f ;@ S de f ;oGm;

apavmufaom xl;_cm;onfhc Hpm;rS Kuvnf; yl;wG J _zpfay:onf? rdrdud k

7i fy d ki fp d k ;u pwifpy f<Sufae_y D _zp fajumif ; | rdr dtvd k ;c Hae7ajumif ;

ud kvnf; aumif;aumif;juD;em;vnfod@S donf?

onfvdkpyf<SufcH7rSKajumifh rdrdtysdK7nfysuf7_yDudkodaomfvnf;

87

0rf;renf;rdyg? rdrdtvGefcspf7aomcspfOD;oludk rdrd>tysdK7nfay;tyf7onfh

twGuf 0rf;omjunfEl;rS Kyifc Hpm;7onf? olr>tzkwfxJod k hwd k ;0ifvm

aom wkwf@Snf@Snftacsmif;juD;rS _zpfay:ys H hE S H hvmaom a0'emvm;|

t7omvm; | uG J _ym ; _cm ;em ;rodonf hx l ; _cm ;aomc Hpm ;r S Kw d k h a jumi f h

wud k<fvH k ;wke f7if _y D ; juufoD;awGzse f ;zse f ;xae7avonf? b<fvd k

c Hpm;rS Krs d K ;vJqd kwmudkawmh tysd Krav;ra_ymwwfyg? rodyg? aEG;axG;

axG;ESi f hp D;p D;yd ki fy d ki fjuD;? 7ifxJqla0aeonf? olr>aoG;om;rsm;qljuG

v#uf arS;xm;aomrsufvH k;rsm;ud kyif rzGif hE d li fawmh? ESKwfcrf;v$mav;

ESpfc kuawmh r[w[ESif h?

7efyd ki fp d k ;u tomuyfIzdxd k ;oGif;vd kuf_yefonf? vD;acsmif;juD;

vnf; aemufxyfvufwvHk;omomcef h wd k;0ifonf?

Ø tm;- -emw<fud kud k7m- - ×

aumifrav;ESKwfzsm;rS nnf;oHoJ hoJ hxGufonf? vD;u'pfjuD;

ausmfausmfavmuf0ifae_yD? 7efyd ki fpd k ;uqufroGif;ao;yJ aumifrav;>

7ifom;ESpfr $mud k vufESpfbuf_zif hqkyfud ki fum e<fay;onf? rusif[kef

onf Ed k hqG Je<faeonf h7e fy d ki fp d k ;>vufrsm;ud k El;nH haomvufacsmi f ;

oG<foG<frsm;_zif h tomudki fvd kufrdonf?

88

7efyd ki fp d k ;utomzdvd kuf7m vD;uvufwvHk;omomcef h xyf0if

_ye fonf?

Ø Aspf- -bk ×

aumifrav;> eDvGif_ynf hazgif;aomES kwfcrf;tpH konf yGif hawmh

rnf hE Si f ;qDi H kav;vd k @ G@ Gr #vS Ky f@ Sm;v#uf arm[d kufaom@S d KufoHav;

wd k ;wd k ;ay:xGufonf?

Ø tif h- -[if h[if h ×

7e fy d ki fp d k ;u tenf;i<ftm;p d kufum xyfoGi f ;onf? vD;u

wvufrcef hxyf0ifoGm;_yefonf?

Ø [if htif h- -ud kud k7<f? _znf;_znf;oGif;uG<f- -emw<f?

odvm;- -uÈwfuÈwfuÈwf- - ×

wif;juyfpD;yd ki fp Gm vD;wd k ;0ifr S Kajumif h emIatmif haomajumif h

rusi f[ ke fnnf ;! lv d ku fr d _ye fonf ? y g ;py funnf ;! laeaom fvnf ;

olr>vufrsm;uawmh 7efyd ki fp d k ;>ausm_yifjuD;ud k vSrf;od ki f ;zufvm

onf? aumifrav;rSmavmujuD;ud kyif arhvkrwwf_zpfae7avonf?

89

<cktcgwGif apmufywfxJod k h vD;oH k ;vufrausmfausmfavmuf

0ifaeav_yD? vD;wefjuD;>xdyfzl;tzsm;yd ki f;u apmufacgif;aygufxJwGif

zH k ;umxm;aomtysd KtarS;yg;ud k oGm;Ixdaxmufrdonf?

7efyd ki fp d k ;onf rdef;raumif;aumif;vd k ;z l;aomfvnf; olvd k;aeol

rsm;rSm oufvwfyd ki f ;t@G<ftawGhtjuHKaumif;aumif;7if husufaeonfh

Ør de f ;rjuD; ×awGom_zp fjuonf? q<fausmufouft@G<fawGr[kwf?

_y D ;awmh tys d KpifawGvnf;r[kwfju? tys d Kppfppfud krvd k ;z l ;ao;aomf

vnf; <ckr dr dvD;E Si f hxdawG hr donfr Sm tys d Kpi ftxde f ;trSwftarS;yg ;

_zpfajumif;ud kawmh 7efyd ki fpd k ;odygonf? rusif[kefrSmvnf; tawGhtjuHK

v H k ;0r@ S dao;aom fvnf ; acwfynmwwfq<fwe f ;ausmi f ;o lav;r d k h

'gavmufud kawmhem;vnfonf? rdrd>tysd KtarS;yg;ud k xdaxmuf_cif;

_zpfajumif;odonf?

yxrqHk;tjudrft_zpf tysdKppfppfav;wa<muf? tysdKtarS;yg;udk

xd k ;azgufyguifz Gi f humvd k ;7awmhrSmrd k h 7efy d ki fp d k ;txl;yifauseyfy Dwd_zpf

rdonf? tysdKppfppfav;udkyguifzGif h7rSKonf juHKawmifhjuHKcJxl;uJvSonfh

tawGhtjuHKr[kwfygvm;?

'grs d K ;uaiGyH kay;wd ki f;vnf; ypPnf;aumif;aumif;ppfppf7Ed li fonf

r[kwfyg? rusif[kefvd k umrt7omaumif;aumif;awG h _yD; _ynfh_ynf h

00pnf;pdrfcHpm;Ed li favmufatmifvkyfay;zd k hvnf; pdwfyd ki f;_zwfvd kufonf?

90

rdrdwOD;wnf;zDvifyd k7atmif vkyfenf;awGroH k;awmh? tysd KtarS;yg;ud k

x d k ;az gufy gui frz Gi f hr D aumi frav;aps ;O D ;ay gufwcs D Ø _y D ; ×o Gm ;atmi f

vkyfay;vd kufrnf?

xd kajumif h7efyd ki fp d k ;onf vD;ud kxyfroGif;awmh? 0ifaeor#tyd ki f;

ud kom tomav;qGJxkwf_yefoGif;vkyfay;aeonf? vD;rSm oH k;vufr

omomcef hom0ifae7m 'pf _y JvefjuD;E Si f htzkwf0wGi fawhum wpf_yL

wpf_yLvkyfay;ovdkrs d K;_zpfonf? aigufawmufav;_zpfaeaomapmufaphudk

vD;'pfu t_ywfud kxdrd | yGwfrdaeonf? vD;wacsmif;vH k ;xd k ;oGif;vd k ;

7onfr[kwfaomajumi f h r dr dwwfodxm;aomaqmi f h en f ;r sm ;w Gi f

rnfonf hvd k ;aqmi f henf ;ud ko H k ;7rnfud k 7e fy d ki fp d k ;rody g? 'gajumi f h

zifa_ymifjuD;ud kom juGcs De dr f hcs Dvkyfay;aeavonf?

Ø zGwfzwfzwf- -zGwfzwfzwf- - ×

Ø zGwfzGwf- -zkwf- -zvyf- -zwf- - ×

tpyd ki f;wGifawmh vD;0ifoH| xGufoHrsm;om cyfoJ hoJ hay:xGuf

onf? apmufywfxJwGi f pd k@ $ Jatmifp dr f hxGufaeaomapmuf7nfjunf

rsm;ajumif h vD;wefxdy fy d ki f ;wd k ;0i f _ye fxGufvS Ky f@ Sm ;aeE d li faomfvnf;

touf (15)ESpfausmfausmf| (16)ESpft@G<f tysd Kppfppfapmufywfav;rd k h

91

vD;ESif hpmv#if tacgif;aygufu usOf;aeonf? apmufacgif;juGufom;

rsm;onfvnf; qGJqef hE d li fr S Kodyfr@S dvSao;? om;a7judK;uGif;topfvd k

qG Jqef htm;odyfraumif;ao;yJ wif;juyfIaeonf?

vD;ud kwpf_yLwpf_yLvkyfay;ae7m rjumrDyif apmufywfonf

vD;ESi f htxmusp_yKvmonf? pyf<Suf7mtacgif;0onfvnf; _yJvk duf

pkvd kuf_zpfvmonf? rusif[kefwa<mufrSmawmh wdrfwd kufawGjum;xJ

vGi f h ar smae7ovd kv d k | a7c Ja7r sm ;t_ynf h@ S donf hue fx JusoGm ;7mr S

a7aE G ;ue fxJod k h _ye fa7mufoGm ;7oa<mi fa<mi f 7i fz d karm[d ku fum

wudk<fvH k ;at;ueJ_zpfvd kuf| aEG;ueJ_zpfvd kufE Si f h woufwmumv

twGif;rjuHKz l ;ao;aom tawGhtm@k Hrsm;ud kc Hpm;ae7onf? 7rufaZm

uawmhxef_yD;7if; xefaeygavawmhonf? usOf;juyfaomapmufacgif;

aygufxJod k h juD;rm;wkwfcd ki fvSaomvD;xdyfzl;juD; wd k;0if_yefxGuf_zpf

r S Kajumif h tpyd ki f ;wGi f emjuifr S Kud ktawmfc H7onf? ratmfr d7efyif

renf;ud katmif htnf;xdef;xm;7onf? toufyifaumif;aumif;r@SLEd li f?

onfavmufwGifawmh apmufacgif;0wGif usdef;pyfovdk@S dvmonf?

tHud kyi fc Jxm;7onf? Tod k haomemjuifus de f ;py fonf ha0'emrsm;ud k

c Hpm;ae7qJrSmyif xl;_cm;aomt7omwrsd K;ay:vm_yefonf? xdktawGh

t7omonf yd kIaumif;vmonf? emjuifrS Ka0'emrsm;ud kyif zH k ;v$rf;I

vmonf?

92

emwmawGaysmufukefonf? em7rSe f; | usde f;pyf7rSe f;vnf; rod

awmh? xd k h _yifyxrqHk;tjudrfpwiftvdk;c H7rS Kajumif h tae7txdki f7

cufaerS Krsm;onfvnf; r@S dawmh? umrpyf<Sufr S Kud kt7omawG hum

txmusZmwf0ifoGm;cJ hav_yD? xd ktcg olr>yg;pyfrSvnf; toHrsm;

xGufvmavawmhonf? emjuifrS Kud kjudwfrS dwfatmif htnf;um yg;pyf

y dwf_i dr fc HaecJ haomw@kwfu_ym;rav;rjuif[ke f umrt7omawG hum

zDvifwufvmaomtcgwGifawmh yg;pyfydwfraeEd li fawmh? yg;pyfyGi f h[

vmonf?

Ø zGwf- -zvyf- -bGwf- - ×

Ø ud kud k7<f- -[if h ×

Ø zGwfbGwf- -td k;rm;rm;- -zGwfzGwf- -tif h[if h[if h ×

7efyd kifpd k;u cyfoGufoGufvSKyf@Sm;ay;vdkufonf? oHk;vufromom

cef h@ S daomvD;xdyfz l;yd ki f ;onf apmufzkwfxJod k hy d kI cyf_ref_refwd k ;0if_yef

xGuf_zpfonf? rusif[ke f yd kIt7omawG honf? xd kajumif hzi fjuD;

aumhaumhwufvmonf? wwfodem;vnfvd k hawmhr[kwfyg? tvdk;c Hr S K

obm0t7 tvdktav#mufzifjuD;vSKy foGm;_cif;_zpfonf? apmufywf

ESKwfcrf;om;rsm;onfvnf; xdk;oGif;aeaomvD;xdyfzl;yd ki f ;ud k yd k!SyfqG J

vmonf?

93

7e fy d ki fp d k ;onf r lvutys d Ktar S ;y g ;ud k xd k ;az guf _ci f ;r _y Kr D

rusi f[ke fud k wcs D Ø_y D ; ×oGm;atmif vd k ;a!Smi f hay;z d k hp dwful;@ S donf?

od k haomf <cktcgrSmawmh vD;xdyfz l ;y d ki f ;oH k ;vufravmuf xd k ;oGi f ;

_yefxkwfESi f h rpd k hryd k hvd k ;ae7onfud k tm;r7Ed li fawmh? aumifrav;vnf;

v l ;v Ge f h aum hy s Hwufaeay7m ie Jom;p dw frx de f ;E d l i f awm hwmvnf ;

tqdk;rqd kom?

xd kajumif h- - -?

7efyd kifpd k;onf ydkIcyfoGufoGufvSKyf@Sm;ay;onf? apmuf7nfjunf

rsm;@$rf;pd kaeaomapmufzkwfxJ vD;xdyfzl;juD;wd k;0if_yefxGufum wpGyfpGyf

_rnfvmonf? rusi f[ke f>zi f juD ; juGwufonf? aygi f juD ;awGud k

axmif@ k Homr[kwf? a_caxmufrsm;ygavxJod k huefovd k vSKy f@ Sm;vm

onf? axmifvmaomaygi fjuD;E Sp facsmi f ;ud k 7efy d ki fp d k ;utomqG Jum

rdrd>b<fnmyckef;wbufpDay:cGwifum xrf;onf? xdktcg wifyg;qH k

juD;juGwufonf? onfawmhrusif[keftzd k h apmapmuxufyd kIzifjuD;

vSKy f@ Sm;oGm;Ed li fonf? rusif[ke fu wifud kt_ywfvSKy fcg<rf;ay;aerd

onf? 7efyd ki fp d k ;uvnf; vD;ud kcyfzdz dxd k ;p d kufum oGif;csvd kufonf?

Ø bGyf- -Aspf- -aAsmh ×

Ø tm;- -tm;- -emw<f- -emw<f? aoyg_yD tm; ×

94

vD;xdy fz l ;'p fjuD;u apmufacgi f ;aygufxJwGi fz H k ;tky fxm;aom

tys d Ktar S ;y g ;u d k p kw f _ywfatmi ft_ywfud kx d k ;az gu fyp fv d ku fonf?

yguifyGi f hoGm;av_yD? aumifrav;tys d K7nfysufacs_yD? vD;juD;uvnf;

apmufywfxJw0ufavmufud k 0i foGm;onf? apmufacgi f ;ayguf>

twGif ;om;EkE kzwfzwfav;rsm;u wd k ;0ifvmaomvdifwefud kwif;juyf

pGmyif xdawG h7pfywfxm;juonf?

vD;rSmw0ufom0ifao;aomfvnf; xdkr#avmufwdk;0ifvmrSK'^fu

ao;awmhrao;vS? wcgrSvD;r0ifz l ;ao;onf hapmufacgi f ;aygufav;rd k h

tawmfud kemvSonf? rS dwfxm;aomrusif[kef>rsufvH k ;rsm;yGi f hvmonf?

_yL;us<f0d ki f ;pufvmonf?

Ø emw<fuGm? t7rf;emwmyJ? _yefxkwfygud kud k7<f? 'Davmuf

qd kauseyfygawmh@Si f- -uÈefrawmif;yefygw<f? awmf_yD- -awmf_yD ×

'Dwcgawmh rusif[kefwu<fudk@kef;onf? odk haomf b<frSm7Ed lif

ygrnfenf;? 7efyd ki fp d k ;>vufu rvGwfEd li fawmhyg? olra7mufaeonfh

taetxm;uvnf; @ke f ;vGwfz d k h7e ftvGe fud kcufonf htaetxm;_zpfyg

onf?

junfhav- -?

95

rusif[kefonf cif;xm;aomzsmxufwGif yufvufuav;vSefum

7efyd ki fpd k ;>7ifcGifatmufa7mufaeonf? olr>aygifjuD;ESpfacsmif;uawmh

olrudk<fay:wufcGxm;avol 7efyd kifpd k;>ykckef;wbufpDay:xrf;wifv#uf

om;_zpfaeonf? twif;@kef;uef7if; rusif[kefukef;xaomtcg a_caxmuf

ESpfacsmif;atmufod k h _yKwfusonf? xdktcg 7efyd ki fp d k ;E Si f hrsufESmcsif;qd ki f

aygifay:cGum aygifum;_zJxd ki fovdkrs d K ; _zpfonf?

xd ktcg7e fy d ki fp d k ;uvnf; tcGi f haumi f ;<lI vD;ud kqwfueJ

aumhxd k ;vd kuf7m vD;acsmif;juD;apmufzkwfxJyd kIwd k;0ifonf? onfvd k

@ ke f;uef7if;| vD;ud kz dxd k ;oGif;7if;ESi f h vD;wtdtdwd k;0if7m vufr0uf

omomcef homusefawmhonf? vD;wacsmi f ;vH k ;e D ;yg ; apmufywfxJod k h

xd k;oGif;xm;rdav_yD? rusif[kef>@kef;uefrSKonfvnf; tm;aysmhvmonf?

olr>wudk<fvH k ; acÈ;awGys Haeonf? apmufywfuvnf; t7rf;ud k

emaeonf? usde f;Iatmif honf?

Ø ud kud k7<f- -uÈefrud koem;yg@Si f- -odyfemaevd k hyg [if htif h

tif h- - ×

rusif[kefc_rm @kef;uefxGufvdk hr7Ed lifawmhonfhtqHk; awmif;yef

@Smonf? id koHvnf;ygaeonf?

96

7efyd ki fp d k ;u rusif[kef>cg;ud k cyfwif;wif;od ki f;zufum tom

z dv S Jc sonf? rusi f[ ke f yufvufuav;_ye fusonf? ie Jom;u

aumifrav;E Si f huy fv#ufom; ygoGm;onf? E Sp fa<mufom;7i fc si f ;

tyfv#ufom; zsmay:usoGm;onf? rusif[ke f>aygif _zL_zLwkwfwkwf

juD;E Sp fc k t_ywfyifum;Iaeonf? zsmay:vJtuswGi f 7efy d ki fp d k ;u

cg;ud kqwfueJvSKyfIzdxd k;oGif;vd kuf7m vD;wacsmif;vH k;apmufacgif;xJod k h

tqH k;yif0ifoGm;avawmhonf?

Ø atmifr<fav;av;- -emvd kufwm- -tm;tm;- -aoyg_yD

@ Si f h- -aoyg_yD- -uÈwfuÈwfuÈwf- - ×

rusi f[ke frc HE d l i f ? yg ;py fr Satm fr donf? rsuf7nfr sm ;vnf ;

wGifwGifusqif;vmonf? wudk<fvH k;qwfqwfwkefaeonf? 7ifyd ki fp d k ;

url tqH k ;0i faeaomvD;acsmi f ; juD ;ud k usO f ; juyfaomapmufacgi f ;

aygufav;xJod k hp dr fxm;7i f ; aumhaxmi fwufaeaomEd k ho D ;acgi f ;av;

wckud k tomiH kIpd k hay;aeonf?

Ø ud kud k7<f- -ud kud k hOp PmjuD ; _ye fxkwfay;yg@ Si f- -uÈe fr

aovdrf hr<f@Si f h- -odyfjurf;wmyJ? 'DrSm t7rf;emae_yD? wpfqd k hqd k hjuD;

e J h _ynf hodyfaewmyJ- -[if h[if h[if h ×

rusif[kefu id k@ S d Kufuma_ymonf?

97

q7mra':wi frm0i f ;onf vl7 dy fv la _cu d ktomjunf hum

ausmif;tay:xyfod k h ra<mifrvnfESif hwufvmcJ honf?

ausmif;ESpfywfvnftm;upm;_ydKifyG Jrsm;_yKvkyf7m ausmif;tm;upm;

uGif;bufwGif vltrsm;pnfum;aev#uf pmoifcef;rsm;bufwGifawmh

vloluif;@Si f;aeonf?

a':wifrm0if;onf touf(28)ESp fce f h@ S donf? t7yf_ri f h _ri f h |

_zL_zLawmifhawmifh acsmacsmjuD;_zpfonf? Edk htH kjuD;um| wifqHkum;v#uf

wu<fh[JA D ;qd kufjuD;_zpfonf? ud k<fvH k ;ud k<fxnfawmif hwif;ql_z d K ;

onf? _yD;awmh 0ifaiGaumif;onfhoabFmom;r<m;? ajumharmhaeatmif

0wfEd li fpm;Ed li fonf?

vlaumi f ; juD ;ovd k a':wifrm0i f ;onf w^Sm7rufvnf;

ju D ;onf? 7m~juG<f _y D ; 7rufxe fonf? olr>vifawm farmi f

oabFmom;rSm oabFmvd kufaeonfhtcs de frsm;aomajumif h a':wifrm

0if;tzd k h umrt7omudk pdwf@S dovd kodyfrcHpm;7ay?

umrt7omt_ynfht0rcHpm;7aoma':wifrm0if;onf azgufazguf

_ye f _ye fawmhrvky fy g ? r dr d>vGe fuJaom7rufqENr sm ;ud k r dr dzmom

enf;vrf;@Smum wwfEd li for#tmoma_zrSKvkyfonf? rdrd>awmif hwif;

98

ql_zd K;aom [JAD;qd kufud k<fvH k;ud k<fxnfjuD;ud k wpdrf;a<mufsm;om;

r sm ;u w^Sm7ruf _zi f h ir f ;a jumqG Jum r su fp duÈw fx Gu frwwf

junfhju7avatmif odyfaz:az:vSpfvSpfrvkyfonfhwd ki f ud k<faetvS

rd k harmufjuGaeaprnfht0wftpm;rsm;0wfqifum udk<f[efajumhajumh

_zif hvrf;av#muf_y_cif;| rodromvdkvd kE Si f h cg;om;Ad kufom;rsm;ay:oGm;

atmifvkyf_cif;| xrD_zef h0wf_y_cif;ponfwd k h _zif h tmoma_zwwfonf?

xd k h _yif Øbd ki fba7wm× ac: rdef;rrsm;toHk;_yKtmoma_z7onfh

u7d<mudkvnf; vufpG J _yKxm;onf? xdkbd ki fba7wmrSm olr>vif

awmfarmif oabFmom;ud k<fwd ki f0<fay;xm;_cif;_zpfonf? a':wifrm

0if;>vifawmfarmifonf oabFmom;yDyD enf;vrf;topftqef;rsm;_zif h

umrrS K _yKwwfay7m pyf<SufaeqJwGi f bd ki fba7wm_zif hE d k htH krsm;ud k

xd k ;y Gwf_ci f ; | zif0ud kxd k ;uvd_cif ; | yg;pyfxJxd k ;oGi f ; _ci f ;wd k hvky fwwf

ovdk apmufywfxJxd k;ar$ay;_cif;rs d K ;vnf;vkyfwwfonf?

xdkh_yif rdrdoabFmvdkufaeonfhtcg rdrd>vD;udk<fpm; bdkifba7wm

_zif htvGrf;a_zae7ef aemufovdkvd ka_ymifovdkvd kE Si f ha_ymqd kxm;cJ honf?

aemufqH k;tacguftdrf_yefvmcs de fwGifawmh Ø'D' d kvf× ac:7mbm_zif h _yKvkyf

xm;onfh vdifweftwkrsm;ud kyif tpH kvd kuf0<f<lvmay;vdkufao;onf?

_zL_zLawmif hawmif h rdrd>ZeD;r<m;juD; w^Smxef_yif;ajumif;em;vnf

onfhtwGuf rdrdr@S dc d kufazguf_yefrSm;<Gif;rS Kr_yKrdap7ef tpm;xd k;a_zazsmf

z d k hp DpOf0<f<lay;xm;vm;awmh ra_ymwwfyg?

99

bmyJa_yma_ym vifawmfarmif0<fay;xm;onfhbd ki fba7wmESif h

' D' d kvfrsm;onf a':wifrm0if;twGuf tawmfjuD;ud ktoH k;wnfhaeonf?

xd kypPnf;rsm;ud kaumif;aumif;toHk;csum rdrdwudk<fwnf;umrt7om

cHpm;a_zazsmuf7if ; vifawmfarmifE Si f hr<fw@Gmarmifwøuif;uGmae

7onfhtcs de frsm;ud k ukefvGefaeap7onf?

vlaumifxGm;oavmuf usef;rmoefpGr f; _y D;aoG;om;ql_zd K ;aom

a':wifrm0i f ;onf yi fud k<fuvnf;7m~7rufxefay7m umrqEN

pdwfrsm;onf tcs de ftcgra@G;rjumc^qdkovd k ay:aygufwwfonf?

xdkajumiftcsdefra@G;oH k;Ed li fatmif bdkifba7wmwckudk yckef;od kif;tdwfxJ

w Gi ft_r Jxnf hum oGm ;av7maqmi fwwfonf? tr Se fa _ym7v#i f

a':wifrm0if ;onf bd ki fba7wmxuf 'D' d kvfac:vdi fweftwkrsm;ud k

y d kIoabmusonf? 'D' d kvfrsm;onf wu<fhvD;weftppfESi f hy H koûmef

a@G;r7atmifwlay7m toHk;cstmoma_zaomae7mwGif yd kIzDvifwuf

ayonf?

bd ki fba7wmu aumhvH k ;vH k ;wkwf@Snf@SnfyH koûmefom@S dv#uf

vD ;acsmi f ;E Si f hvnf;rwl? E S Kwfcr f ;qd k ;aq;awmi f htjuD;pm;vd kr s d K ;om

_zpf7m toHk;cs7mY 'D'd kvfavmufzDvifodyfrvm? odk haomf vD;acsmif;juD;

awmi frwfaeonf hy H koûme fE Si f h wax7mwnf;wlaom' D' d kv fvD ;we f

twkud k qvif;bufxJxnfhum oGm;av7maqmifoGm;vd k huawmhr_zpf?

wpH kwa<mufawGhoGm;aomf aumif;aumif;juD;t@SufuG Jayrnf?

100

bdkifba7wmuawmh tajumif;rodolawGtzd k h bmrSef;wdwdususodrnf

r[kwf? rawm fwqawG ho Gm ;vnf ; _y\emr_zp fE d l i f ? ' gajumi f h

r dr dwd kufcef;xJwGifwa<mufwnf;@S daeaomtcsde frsm;wGifom 'D;' d kvfac:

vdifweftwkrsm;ud k tm;7yg;7toHk;csum [dk[d konfonfoGm;onfhtcg

rsm;wGifawmh bd ki fba7wmudk toHk;_yK7avonf?

onfaehtzd k h ausmif;od k hvrf;av#muftvm vrf;wav#mufwGif

a<musfm;om;rsm;> ododomomwrsd K; | rodromcd k ;ajumifcd k ;0 SufESi f h

woG<f junfhju| irf;juwmudkc H7rSKajumif h a':wifrm0if;>pdwf

Ed k ;juGum umrqdyfwufaeonf? txl;o_zif h 7efyd ki fp d k ;E Si f hodef;atmif

ausmfqd kaom aumifav;ESpfa<muf>pl;7Jaomtjunfhrsm;yif?

7efyd ki fp d k ;E Si f hodef;atmifausmfwd k htwef;wGif a':wifrm0if;pm_y7

ay7m onfaumifav;ESpfa<mufudkodaeonf? ayGonf@SKyfonf[kvnf;

jum;z l ;onf? rsufvH k ; juD ;awG _yL ;um tm;7yg ;7junf haejuaom

7efy d ki fp d k ;E Si f hode f ;atmifausm fwd k h>tjunf hrsm;onf a':wifrm0if ;ud k

txl;pdwfEd k ;juGaponf? aygifcGjum;rSapmufzkwfjuD;yif rd k hr d k hazgif;azgif;

juD;_zpfvmay7m a_cvSrf;uGwuGw_zpfroGm;7avatmif renf;juD;yif

judK;pm;um av#mufvSrf;cJ h7onf?

ausmi f ;tm;upm;y G J ae h _zp faomajumi f h a':wi frm0i f ;onf

Ed k ;juGvmaomumrpdwfud k wwfEd li foavmufawmhcs d K ;E S dr fygao;onf?

101

odk haomf 7rufpdwfqd konfu zdavyd kjuGav| xdef;csKyfavyd kE d k ;juGav

_zpfwwfonfhoabm@S d7m ae_rif havt@l;7if havqdkovdk a':wifrm0if;

>pdwfqENEd k ;juGrSKrSm tcsde fjumavav| yd ktm;_yif;vmavav_zpfonf?

apmufzkwfwGi ft7nfawGyif @$r f ;@ $r f ;p d kvmonf? Ed k hoD;awGpljuGwuf

vmonf? xdk h _yif 7efyd ki fp d k ;E Si f hode f;atmifausmfwd k hE Si f ht_ywfzd kufvd kuf

7v#i f[lonf hp dwfrs d K ;yi fay:vm7m a':wifrm0if ;r Sm rdr dud k<fr dr dyi f

tH hjordavonf? a':wifrm0if;onf 7m~juG<fum7rufxefol_zpfaomf

vnf; vifa<mufsm;tay:wGifawmh azguf_yef_cif;r@S dc J h? pdwfxJrSyif

t_cm;a<mufsm;av;wa<mufa<mufESif hp dwful;_cif;r_yKcJ h? a<mufsm;

awG>tjunfhcH7wmudk auseyfrS Krs d K ;avmufom@S dc J honf? rdrd>umr

7rufud k bd ki fba7wm| 'D'd kvfwd kud koH k ;um rdrdbmomrdrdwudk<fwnf;

a_zazsmufzDvif<laeol_zpfonf? onfaehonf7ufusrS 7efy d ki fp d k ;E Si h f

o de f ;atmi fausm fwd k hu d kp dw ful ;um wrs d K ;wz H kp dw fvS Ky f@ Sm ;7r S K _zp fae

7onf?

rdrd>umrqdyfwufrSK t@Sdef_yif;aomajumifh onfvdkazgufazguf

_ye f _ye fp dwful;rs d K ;awG ay:ayguf7_ci f ; _zp frnf[kawG;onf? pdwfud k

twi f ;c s Ky fwnf ;z dE S d r fxm;y gu jumv#i fy d kq d k ;vmE d l i frn f[ kvnf ;

cef hr Se f ;y lyefonf? onfawmh wufjuGaeaomumrqENud k xH k;p Htwd ki f;

acsazsmufvd kufwmtaumif;qH k ;[kvnf; pdwfqH k ; _zwfrdonf?

102

'gajumif hra<mifrvnfESi f h ESp fxyfpmoifaqmiftay:xyfod k h

wufvmc J h _ci f ; _zp fonf? pmoi faqmi ftay:xy faxmi f hbuftp Ge f ;

yxrwef;(u)pmoifce f ;E Si f huyfv#uftcef ;u ausmi f ;pmjunf hwd kuf

tcef ; _zp fonf? pmjunf hwd kufqd kaomfvnf; pmtky fpmwrf ;r sm;rsm;

pm;pm;awmhr@ S dvSy g? wd k hausmi f ;om; | awZ| rd k ;aomufye f ;paom

pmapmifrsm;| aehpOfowif;pmrsm;E Si f h vpOfxkwfríZif;tenf;i<fom

@S donf? a':wifrm0if;onf pmjunfhwd kufwm0efcHr d k h ausmif;pmjunfh

wd kufwGi fcwfxm;aomaomhtyd kwacsmif;ud ki fxm;onf? tcs de fy d ki f ;wGi f

omzGi f haompmjunf hwd kufonf tcs de fawmfawmfrsm;rsm;y dwfxm;ay7m

a':wifrm0if;twGuf ausmif;cs de frsm;twGif; umrpdwfEd k ;juGvmv#if

tomaomhzGi f h0ifum bdki fba7wmtoHk;cstmoma_z7m yifwd ki fae7m

aumif;wck_zpfaeayonf?

<ckvnf; xdkpmjunfhwd kuftcef;wHcg;0odk h a':wifrm0if;a7muf

@S dc J hav_yD? aomhud kxkwfum wHcg;ud kz Gi f honf? _yD;awmhtxJod k hcyfoGuf

oGufvSrf;0ifonf? twGif;cHabmif;bDud k_ref_refcÈwfum eD;7mukvm;xdkif

wck>aemufr Dwef;ay:wifonf? ycke f ;od ki f ;pvif;buftdwfud kz Gi f hum

bd ki fba7wmudkxkwf<lonf? pvif;bufud kvnf; ukvm;xd ki faemufrD

wef;axmif hwGif cs dwfvd kufonf?

cgwdkif;ESif hrwlatmif 'Daehxl;xl;_cm;_cm;pdwfvSkyf@Sm;7rufxef_yif;

aeaomajumif h a':wifrm0i f ;>apmufz kwfonf rd k hr d k h juD ;azgi f ;um

103

apmuf7nfjunfawGvnf; tawmfrsm;rsm;yifxGufaeav7m twGif;cH

abmif;bDcGjum;wGif pd kp dp dap;uyfuyf_zpfaeonf? xdkod k hp d kp dp d _zpfaerSK

a_cmufaoG hwefoavmufa_cmufaoG hoGm;ap7ef bd ki fba7wmudktoH k;cs

z Dvif<lumtmoma_z7mwGi f xyfr HxGufvmrnf hapmuf7nfjunfrsm;

rp d kr dap7ef twGi f ;c Habmif ;bDud kcÈwfum v$m;xm;ovd krs d K ;vky f _ci f ;

_zpfonf? pdwftmoma_z_yD;aomtcgwGif apmufywfud kt7nfpifatmif

okwf_yD;rS twGif;cHabmif;bD_yef0wf7efpdwful;xm;onf?

ukvm;xd ki fab;wGi f7y fae7mr S xd ki fc ke fay:nma_cwifonf?

b<fa_cud kawmh xd ki fc ke fab;wGifqef hqef hvky fumxm;onf? xrDESi f h

twGif;cHpuyf>a@S hy d ki f ;ud k tomvSefwifonf?

b d ki fba7wmud kcvkwfz Gi f honf? w' D' DtoHwd k ;w d k ;av; _zi f h

wodrf hodrf hvSKyfaeaombd ki fba7wmudk aygifc Gjum;od k hy d k hrnft_yKwGif

Ø atmifr<fav;av;- -emvd kufwm- -tm; tm;- -aoyg

_yD@ Si f h- -aoyg_yD uÈwfuÈwfuÈwf- - ×

rde f ;uav;wa<muf> ememjuifjuifatmf[pfnnf;!loHud k

a':wifrm0if;jum;7onf? a':wifrm0if;r Sm @kwfw7ufvef hIyifoGm;

onf? vSe fxm;aomxrDE Si f hatmufc Hpuyfwd k hud kvnf; qwfueJyi f

_yefv$wfcsvd kufrdonf?

104

Ø ud kud k7<f- -udkud k hOpPmjuD;_yefxkwfay;ygawmh@Si f- -

uÈefraovdrf hr<f@Si f h- -odyfjurf;wmyJ? 'DrSm t7rf;emae_yD?

wpfqd k hqd k hjuD;e J h _ynf hjuyfaewmyJ- -tif h[if h[if h ×

toHrsm;qufIjum;7_yefonf?

yxrpwifjum;vd kuf7onf htoHud k bmrSe f ;nmrSe f ;ta_ctae

cG J _cm;rodaomfvnf; xyfrHjum;7onfhtoHrsm;t7awmh rnfod k haom

tajumi f ;u dp P a jumi f h ay:x Gu fvmaomtoHaw G _zp f a jumi f ;u d k

q7mra':wifrm0i f ;7 dy fpm;r dp _y Konf? xdwfve f hovd k _zp fo Gm ;aom

pdwfr Smvnf; wrs d K ;wzH kvS Ky f@ Sm;vm7avawmhonf? toHay:vm7m

ae7mqDod k h p l ;pr f ;junf honf? <ckolra7mufaeaompmjunf hwd kuf

tce f ;E Si f h x7Hwcsy fom_cm;onf h yxrwef ; (u)pmoi fce f ;bufr S

ay :vmaomtoHaw G _zp f a jumi f ;u d ko don f ? a' :wi frm0i f ;on f

pmjunfhwd kuftcef;ESi f h yxrwef;(u)pmoifcef;_cm;xm;onfh opfom;

e H7 HqDod k h cyf_re f _re fav#mufvSr f ;oGm;r donf? xd ktcef;xJwGi fbmawG

_zpfaeonfud k rsufaphESif haoaocsmcsmjunfhvd konfhpdwfvnf; txl;ud k

xufoefaeonf?

105

Ø udkud k7<f- -[ifh[if h- -uÈefrudkoem;ygtkef;@Sif- -_yefxkwf

yg- -rvkyfyge J hawmh ×

vD;wefjuD;wacsmif;vH k; apmufywfxJtqHk;_rKyfatmifwd k;0ifvm

rS Kajumif h t7rf;emjuifaeavaomw@kwfu_ym;rav;rSm awmif;yef

pum;wwGwfwGwfa_ymaeonf?

7efyd kifpd k;uawmh wpHkw7mpum;_yefra_ym? rusif[kef>awmif;yef

pum;rs;ud k rjum;[ef_yKum| tomt<myifvd k ;p_yKonf?

vD;wefjuD;w0ufomomavmuf qGJxkwf_yefoGif;cyfomomav;

_y Kvky fay;onf? xd ko d k hq<fc sufce f hv ky f _y D ;aomtcg rusi f[ke f>

awmif;yefnnf;!loHaysmufum _idrfusoGm;onf? apmufzkwfxJrSvnf;

apmuf7nfjunfawG yd kIyd kIxGufonf? apmufywfonf yd kIpd kp Gwfum

t7nf@ $r f ;vmonf? emjuifr S Ku vH k ;vH k ;vsm;vsm;aysmufroGm;ao;

aomfvnf; t7omuawmhawG hp_yKonf? yd kvd k hvnf;aumif;vmonf?

xd ktcg 7efyd ki fp d k ;u ol>iyJacsmif;juD;ud k 'pft7if;yd ki f ;t7pf

ay:vmonftxd apmufywfxJrSqG Jxkwf<lonf? vD;ud k _yefxd k ;roGif;?

onftwd ki f ;tomxm;_y D ; cg;ud ktomt<mvSKy fay;onf? xd kaemuf

cg ;ud kb<fnmvS J h7i f ; vD;juD;ud kapmufywfxJtom_ye fxd k ;oGi f ;onf?

w_znf; _znf;c si f ;0i fvmonf hvD ;juD ;>tawG huawmh xl;uJvSonf?

106

rjuif[ke ftwGuf emjuifr S Kododomomavsmhyg;ovd k t7omvnf;

yd ky d kawG honf? 7efyd ki fp d k ;u tom_znf;_znf;csif;xd k ;oGif;7m vD;w0uf

ausm fausm fce f h0i foGm;onf htcgwGi f 7efy d ki fp d k ;utm;enf;i<fxnf hum

wcsufwnf;tukef0ifatmif aqmif hcsvd kufonf?

Ø bGyf- - ×

Ø td k ;- -rm;rm; ×

xdkod k hzdaqmif htoGif;cHvd kuf7onfhtcg atmif hIemjuifrSKESif htwl

tonf;wke ft lwke fo Gm ;7atmi f _z d K ;ue Jz se f ;ue J _zp fo Gm ;atmi fvnf;

cHpm;7onf? b<fvd krs d K ;juD;vJ? rdrdb<fvd k _zpfoGm;7wmvJ? rusif[kef

aocsmpGmem;rvnfEd li f@ Smyg? od k haomf olrwud k<fvH k ;@ S dtaoG;tom;

tajumt_ci fawGuawmh umrt7omud kc Hpm;E Sp f _c d Kufaejuav_y D?

w@kwfu_ym;rav;onf rsufawmifav;rsm;arS;pif;usv#uf 7efyd ki fp d k ;

vd k ;aerS Kud k toufav;r#if;r#i f;@ SLum _idrfaerdavawmhonf?

7efyd kifpd k;uvnf; toma!Smifhay;vdkuf| qwfueJzdaqmifhvdkufESif h

aumifrav;p G JrufoGm;7avatmif uÈr f ;usi fp Gmpy f<Sufaeavonf?

rusif[ke f>rd k hr d k h0e f ;0e f ;E d k htH kr sm;ud kvnf; tomt<myGwfoyfqky fe<f

ay;onf? Ed k hoD;acgif;rsm;ud kvnf; zdyGwfonf? 7ifcsif;qufItyfrxm;

107

awmhyJ rusif[kef>aygifjum;wGifaqmif hajumif hxd ki fum Ed k hqG JIvd k;ae

onf?

7efyd ki fp d k ;u aqmif hcsufud k w_znf;_znf;_refay;onf? tm;vnf;

y d kxnf hay;onf? aumi frav;onf tvd k ;c Hr S Kry suf? w[if h[i f h

toHav;rsm;cyfwd k ;wd k ; _rnfwrf;7if; cHaeonf? xdkajumif h7efyd ki fp d k ;u

atmifuyif haqmif hcsufwcsuf| tprf;oabmrs d K ;aqmif hoGif;junfhonf?

Ø bGyf- - ×

Ø tm; tif h- -udkud k7<f ×

rusif[kef>wifyg;qHkjuD; <rf;cgIoGm;onf? xdkr#ru 7efyd ki fpd k ;

>cg;udkvnf; vufESpfbuf_zif hcyfwif;wif;qkyfudkifvmonf? apmufacgif;

aygufxJrSvnf; vD;wefjuD;ud kppfueJ!SpfqG Jonf? aumifrav;cHEd li fr Se f;

odaomajumif h 7efy d ki fp d k ;u atmufyi f haqmif henf_zi f hqufwd kufyi f

aqmif hvd k;onf?

Ø bGyfbGyfbGyf- - ×

Ø tm; [if h[if h ×

108

Ø bGyfbGyf- -td k- -bGyfbGyf- - ×

atmufyif haqmif henf;onf vD;acsmif;juD;ud katmufrStay:od k h

aum hwi fxk d ;aqmi f hr S K _zp fay7m t0i fxdr daomajumi f hrusi f[ke fr Sm

umrt7omwarhwarmjuD;yif cHpm;ae7ayonf? vD;'pfxdyfz l ;onf

om;tdrfud kxdrdaxmufrdaomfvnf; <cktcgwGifawmh rusif[keftae_zif h

om;tdrftxdcH7IemjuifrS Kud k vH k;0~@krpd kufEd li fawmhyg? umrpnf;pdr f

r de f ;r l ;atmif odr f ;us H K ;v$r f ;r d k ;xm;av_yDr d k h 7efy d ki fp d k ;tm;_yi f ; _yi f ;E Si f h

aqmif hIaqmif hIoGif;aeovdk rusif[kefrSmvnf; wtdtd| wtifhtif h_zif h

vSKyf@ Sm;vl;vGef haumhys Haeavonf? atmufrSyufvufvSefum tvdk;cH

ae7mrS ray;wwfay;wwf_zi f h zifqH k juD;ud k juGIaumhIyif ay;I

vmonf? onfvd kyifaumhyif hvSKyf@ Sm;ay;vmrSKud k 7efyd ki fp d k ;tawmfud k

oabmusoGm;onf?

Ø 'Dvd kr Sayg h usifusif7J h? wd k huaqmif hvd k ;cswJ htcg atmufuae

qHkjuD;ud kyif hay;7if ESpfa<mufvH k;yd kz Dvif7_yD; t7omvnf;yd kaumif;

wmayg h ×

7e fy d k i fp d k ;u xd ko k d h a _ymvd ku faomtcg rusi f[ ke fr S mvnf ;

@Sufovdkvd k _zpfonf? 7efyd ki fp d k ;E Si f hpyf<Sufae_yD_zpfaomfvnf; tysd Kpif

rav;r d k h onfvd kpum;rs d K ;ud kem;r7 JE d li fy J@ S daeonf? aumi frav;>

rsufESm7JueJ_zpfonf?

109

7e fy d k i fp d k ;u bmr #xy fra _ymawm h ? @ Su fpE d k ; _zp fo Gm ;aom

7nf;pm;>nmbufyg;_yifav;udk @$wfueJukef;erf;vd kufonf? vD;ud kawmh

vSKyf@ Sm;aqmif hvd k ;aerS Kr7yf? atmufyif haqmif henf;rsm;wGif ig;ar$xd k ;

vd k ;aqmif hcsufrsm;ud k a7mIxnfhoH k ;onf? atmufyif haqmif henf;_zif h

v D ;u d kaum hwi faqmi f ho Gi f ; _y D ; apmufac gi f ;x JtqH k ;ep f0i fo Gm ;aom

vD;acsmif;juD;ud k csufcsi f ; _yefrxkwfyJ zduyfxd k ;oGi f ;xm;_y D ; rdr d>

zi fa_ymi f juD ;ud k a0 h0 d ku fvS Ky f@ Sm ;ay;onf? vD;onf apmufacgi f ;

twGif;om;rsm;ud k [d kxd k ;onfar$_zpfonf?

rusif[kefuvnf; zifjuD;ud kaumhaumhay;onf? tpyd ki f ;wGif

awmh tay:r S7e fy d ki fp d k ;>aqmif hoGi f ;c sufE Si f h atmufr Srusi f[ke f>

zifjuD;aumhyif hay;rS Kwd k h cs de fom;rud kufyJ wvGJwacsmf_zpfaeao;onf?

od k h7mwGif tvkyfuoifoGm;onfqd kovdk aemufyd ki f ;wGifawmh aumhyif h

ay;rS KE Si f h vD;aqmif hoGif;rS Kwd k h tHud kuf_zpfoGm;onf?

rdrdu zifjuD;aumhyif hay;vd kufrS KE Si f h 7efyd ki fp d k ;>vD;aqmif hoGif;

vd kufr S Kwd k hu cs de fud kuf _zp fonf htcgwGi f wud k<fvH k ;wke fc d kufatmif

t7om@ S dv Saomajumi f h rusi f[ke fonf w7jurf ;vd k ;aeavaom

aqmif hcsufrsm;ESi f htrD zifjuD;ud koGufvuf_refqefp Gmaumhyif hvS Ky f@ Sm;

ay;aeonf?

110

tay;t<laumif;aumif;r#aeonfrd k h 7efyd ki fp d k ;uvnf;taÕrmuf

ju D ;yp faqmi f h en f ;u d ky g wcsu fwcsu fw Gi fo H k ;I cy f jur f ; jur f ; |

cyfoGufoGuf vdk;ay;vd kufavonf?

pmjunf hwd kuftcef ;E Si f h yxrwef;(u)pmoifce f ;tjum;wGi f

umxm;aomx&Hem;od k h q7mra':wifrm0if;a7mufoGm;onf? wbuf

cef;rStoHrsm;ud k yd kIyD_yifpGmjum;7onf? wbufcef;wGif twGJwwGJ

umrpyf<Sufaejuajumif; vH k;0ud kaocsmoGm;_yD? x7Hem;od k ha7mufae

aom fvnf ; ac smi f ; junf h7e ftay gu f@ kw fw7uf@ S mr7aomajumi f h

a':wifrm0if;wa<muf wrsdK;juD;_zpfaeonf? taygufud kt_ref@Smonf?

tcef;e H7Ht_zpfumxm;onfu uÈef;@Smxd k ;om;awG? topfumxm;onf

uvnf; rjumao;? 'gajumif htaygufu @SmI@Sm;aeonf? jum;ae

7aomtoHwdk hu a':wifrm0if;ud k yd kIpdwfvSKyf@Sm;aponf? onftwdkif;

qd kygu t_yifod k hxGufum _ywif;aygufrSacsmif;junfh7efom@S dawmhonf?

a[m? awmfygao;7J h? taygufvd k _zpfaeaom acsmif;junhfp7m

ae7mav;wckudkawGhvdkufonf? @Smxdk;om;wcsyftjum;wGif tufajumif;

av;cyfao;ao;_zpfay:aerS K _zpfonf? xd kae7monf atmufbufod k h

111

cyfusus_zp fae7m a':wifrm0if ;tae_zif h xd ki fI_zpfap| av;buf

axmufI_zpfap junfhrSom_rifEd lifonf? a':wifrm0if;onfaqmifhajumifh

xd ki fcsum wbufcef;od k htomacsmif;junfhvd kufonf?

_rifvd kuf7onfh_rifuGif;onf a':wifrm0if;ud k 7ifwkefoGm;ap

onf? e~d kuyif7rufxef _yi f ;um umrqEN_yi f ; _yae7m <ckawmh

yd kvd k hqd k ;oGm;onf? tajumif;uvnf;wd kufqd ki fcsifawmh a':wifrm0if;

acsmif;junfhaeaomae7monf wbufcef;r Svd k ;aejuaom7efyd ki fp d k ;E Si f h

rusif[kefwd k hp H kwG JE Si f h wnfhwnfhjuD;wef;Iaeonf? 'gajumif huGufuGuf

u Gi f ;u Gi f ; E S i f h @ S i f ; @ S i f ;vi f ;vi f ; ju D ;u d k _ ri f ae7onf ? x d k ht _yi f

a':wi frm0i f ;onf 7e fy d ki fp d k ;E Si f hz d ku f junf hv#i f b<fvd kaervJ[k

p dwful;tawG;aygufc J hr S Kvnf;@ S day7m <ck7e fy d ki fp d k ;u aumifrav;

wa<mufud kvd k ;aeonfud k rsuf0g;xifxif_rif7aomtcg tvdk;cHaeol

rusi f[ke fud kyi f remvd kovd kvd k _zp fr donf? rusi f[ke f>ae7mwGi f

r dr da7muf@S daev#ifaumif;rnf[kvnf; tawG;aygufrdonf?

p d w f aw Gv S K y f @ S m ;u m 7 ru f a Z mty Dx e f _ y i f ; a e ao m

a':wifrm0if;onf aqmif hajumif hxd ki faeI rvGwfwvGwf_zpfaeaom

x r D a t m u f p u d k q G J v S e f c s v d k u f o n f ? _ y D ; a w m h

c v k w f z G i f h x m ; _ y D ; t o i f h _ z p f a e a o m b d k i f b a 7w m _ z i f h

a p m u f y w f u d k x d k ; u v d a v aw m h o n f ? o d r f h o d r f h a v ;

112

wkefcgaeaombdki fba7wm_zif h apmufaphud kxd k ;y Gwfvd kuf| apmufacgif;

aygufxJxd k ;oGi f ; _ye fxkwfvky f7if ; b<fvuf_zif hr dr d7i fom;qd ki frsm;ud k

qkyfud ki fy Gwfe<fonf? 0wfxm;aomt0wftpm;rsm;ay:rS qkyf7e<f7

wmud k tm;r7? xd kajumif h 0wfxm;aomtusôvuf@Snf>7ifbwf

us<foD;awGud k tukef_zKwfonf? b7mpD<may:ay:vGifvGifjuD;r_zpf

7atmif 0wfxm;om@Snf_rD;av;ud kvSefwifonf? b7mpD<m7ifbH krsm;

udkvnf; vSefwifypfonf? tusôt0wftpm;awGuÈwfrukefao;aomfvnf;

a':wifrm0i f ;>rd k h0e f ;juD;xGm;aomEd k ht H k juD;E Sp fc kuawmh txif;om;

ay:wifjuD; _zp foGm;onf? 7if[if;vif; _zp foGm;onf[k qd k7ayrnf?

a':wifrm0if;onf tumtuG<fuif;rJ hoGm;aomEd k hjuD;awGud k b<fvuf

_zif h wvSnf hp Dqkyfe<fonf? nmvufuawmh bd ki fba7wmudkud ki fum

apmufywfxJtyDxd k ;uvdaeavonf? pmjunfhwd kuftcef;xJwGif rdrd

wa<mufwnf;@Sdaeonf[laomtodpdwf_zifh a':wifrm0if;u 7J7Jwif;wif;

yif xifwd ki f;us JIaeonf?

od k haomf- - -?

q7mra':wifrm0if;ud k tomapmif hjunfhaeolwa<mufuawmh

@S daeygonf? xdkolum; 7efyd ki fp d k ;>abmf'g| odef;atmifausmfyif_zpfonf?

7efy d kp d k ;E Si f hrusif[ke fwd k hE Sp fa<muf zd kufaejurSKud k t_yifvl

113

taESmi f ht<Sufr@ S d7avatmi f umuG<fay;7e fE Si f h tcs de fwe fv#i f

rusi f[ke fud k0i fa7muf@ S<f<mcG JE d li f7e ftwGuf ode f ;atmifausm fonf

yxrwef;(u)pmoifcef;ESi f hrvSrf;rurf;rS yke f;atmif;umapmif hjunfhae

onf? 'gajumifh q7mra':wifrm0if;a7mufvmuwnf;uyif odef;atmif

ausmf_rifawG hc J h7onf? pp_rifcsif;awmh 7ifxJxdwfoGm;um 7efyd ki fp d k ;

wd k hud kta7;ay:tcsufay;7v#ifaumif;rvm;[kyif pOf;pm;rdonf?

od k haomf q7mra':wifrm0if;>trlt7m| taetxm;xl;_cm;ae

onfud k rde f ;rawGtajumif;aumif;aumif;txmaygufaeolode f;atmif

ausmfu tuJcwfrdonf? 'gajumif htomyifykef;atmif;um ta_ctaeudk

apmif hjunfhaecJ honf? 'gajumif h a':wifrm0if;vSKyf@ Sm;vSKyfaqmifvmyH k

t00udk tukeftpifyif odef;atmifausmf_rifawGhaecJ honf? odef;atmif

ausmfr Sm q7mra':wifrm0if;ud k pdwfxJrSjudwfumypfrSm;aeol_zpf7m

onf hae hawmh r dr dtwGuftuGufaumif ;awG h _y D[k tvGe fyi f0r f ;om

oGm;onf? rdrd0ifzd k htaumif;qH k ; _zpfrnf htcs de fud kom apmif haecJ honf?

odef;atmifausmfonf wbufcef;odk hacsmif;junhf7if; bdkifba7wm

oH k ;I t7rf;_zpfaeavaoma':wifrm0if;ud kjunf h7if ; 7rufpdwfawG

wif;Iwif;Ivmonf? twif;a_y;0ifum ayG hzufvd k;ypfcsifp dwfawGud k

renf;juD;judK;pm;um xdef;ae7onf? tcsdefusrSvSKyf@Sm;wmtaumif;qH k;

[kem;vnfxm;onfrd k h rcsif hr7JESi f hapmif hqd ki f ;aeonf?

114

a':wifrm0if;onf aqmifhajumifhxdkifum apmufywfudkbdkifba7

wm_zif hxd k ;uvdae7mrS pdwfyd kxumtm;r7Ed li f _zpfvmavovm;ra_ym

wwf? av;bufaxmuftaetxm;od k ha_ymif;onf? xrDESi f hatmufcH

puyfud k cg;ay:od k htyDvSe fwifonf? wifyg;qH kum;um;00juD;onf

um;tdwif;7i f ;p Gm txif;om;ay:vmonf? _y D ;awm b<fvufud k

tm;_yKaxmufum nmvufud kaemufypfI apmufywfud kbd ki fba7wm

_zif h xd k ;uvdonf? rnfr#aomif;usef;aeoenf;qd kaomf apmufywf

wc kwnf ;omr[kw fawm hy J bd k i fba7wmud k apmufywfwvSn f h |

zifaygufwvSnf ha_ymif;xd k ;um tm;7yg;7uvdaeavonf? rdr dapmif h

aeaomtcs de fus_yDr d k h odef;atmifausmfonf 0wfxm;aomt0wftpm;

awGud k t_re fcÈwfyp fonf? a':wifrm0i f ;ud kvd k ;c si fvSaomajumif h

ol hiyJacsmif;juD;onf rwfrwfjuD;ud kawmifIaeonf? odef;atmifausmf

>vD;u tawmfud kjuD;onf? udk;vufromomavmuf@Snf_yD; usyfvH k ;

avmufwkwfonf?

xdkaemufodef;atmifausmfonf a':wifrm0if;@S d7modk hav#mufvSrf;

oGm;onf? q7mra':wifrm0if ;r Smawmh ode f ;atmifausm fwa<muf

t0wfryg yvmud k<fvH k ;wD;juD;E Si f h vD;wefjuD;rwfrwfawmifv#uf

olrxHod k hav#mufvSr f ;vmonfud k rodao;? ud k<f hz DvifE Si f hud k<f

tvky f@ S Ky faeonf? bd ki fba7wmud k apmufywfwvSnf h | zifayguf

wvSnf hp Da _ymi f ;xd k ;um t_ywfud kvky faeonf? wify g ;az G ;az G ; juD ;

w<rf;<rf;ESi f h? 'gud kjunfh7if;odef;atmifausmfr Sm oGm;7nfw_rm;_rm;

115

usvm7m wHawG;rsm;yif ~vkueJ~vkueJaeatmifrs d Kcsae7avonf?

a':wifrm0if;>apmufywfxJrS apmuf7nfjunfawG@$rf;@$rf;pdkatmif

xGufaeay7m bdkifba7wm_zifhapmufywfudkxdk;uvdaomtcg w_yGwf_yGwf

toHav;rsm;_rnfonf? zifacgif;aygufxJod k hbd ki fba7wmxdk;xnfhv#ifrl

ØA sp fA sp fz Gw fz Gw f × toHav;r sm ;ay:xGu fonf? apmufac gi f ;x Jo d k h

b d ki fba7wmud k tqH k ;enf;y g ;xd k ;xnf haomfvnf; zi faygufxJod k hr l

wpfvufr| r@S dw@S davmufomxdk;xnfhonfud k odef;atmifausmfowd_yK

rdatmif_yKrdavonf? xrDESi f hatmufcHpuyfwd k hud k cg;ay:a7mufatmif

vSefwifxm;onfhtwGuf zifqH k[JAD;qd kuf00xGm;xGm;juD;rSm tazG;om;

_zpfaeonf? tcef;>_ywif;aygufawGydwfum vdkufumrsm;csxm;aomf

vnf; rSef_ywif;aygufrsm;_zpfI aeuvnf;omaomajumif h tcef;xJwGif

tvif;a7mifuvnf; tawmfyif@S daeygonf?

odef;atmifausmfonf av;bufaxmufxm;avola':wifrm0if;>

um;um;tdtdzifjuD;aemufwnfhwnfhwGif aoaocsmcsmyifae7m<lonf?

q7mra':wifrm0if;uawmh olr>zifjuD;aemufwGif awmifrwf

aeaomvD;wefxGm;xGm;wkwfwkwfjuD;wacsmif;a7muf@S daerS Kud k rodyg?

wbufcef;wGif tyDzd kufaejuaom 7efyd ki fp d k ;E Si f hrusif[kefwd k hE Sp fa<muf

>vSKyf@ Sm;rS KawGud k tm;7yg;7acsmif;junfh7if; bd ki fba7wmudkt_ywf

toHk;csv#uf umra7<OfajumwGifepfa_rmzDvifwufaeavonf?

116

wbufcef;wGifawmh 7efyd ki fp d k ;u rusif[kefud ky<fy<fe<fe<f

vd k;aqmif haeonf? Ed k hjuD;awGud kvnf; t_ywfqG Jonf?

Ø usifusif- -tvdk;cH7wm rd kufw<fr[kwfvm; ×

rusif[kefzDvifwuft7omawGhaerSef; tuJcwfrdaom7efyd kifpd k;u

tyd ki far;onf?

umrqdyfi<fxdyfwd kifatmifwufum 7rufaZmtxefjuD;xefae

avaomrusif[kefr Sm @SufajumufraeEd li fawmh? 7efyd ki fp d k ;ar;onfud k

rqd ki f;rwGtmomirf;irf;yif _yefa_zvd kufrdavonf?

Ø aumif;w<fud kud k7m- -t7rf;aumif;wmyJ [if;[if; ×

Ø tckrS t7omawGhvm_yDr[kwfvm; ×

Ø tif;- -tif; [kwfw<f- -[kwfw<f? aqmif h- -aqmif h

aqmif hav udkud k ×

Ø zifa7m cHcsifvm;- - ×

Ø [muGm ud kud kuvJ- -aygufayguf@Sm@Sm? r[kwfw@kwfawG×

117

Ø r[kwfw@kwfr[kwfygbl; usifusif7? apmufywftvdk;c H7wm

aumi f ;ovd k zi fc H7i fvnf; t_ywfud kr d ku fwm? usi fusi fzi fc Hw J h

t7omawGhatmifvd k ha_ymaewm- - ×

Ø [if htif;uGm- -[if htif;- - ×

7e fy d ki fp d k ;onf rusi f[ke f>apmufywfud kvd k ;7i f ; zifvd k ;c Hz d k h

w7m;a[monf? zifvd k ;c Hv#if rnfod k ht7omawGhrnfqd k _cif;ud k a_ym_y

pnf;@k H ;onf?

xdkpum;rsm;ud k q7mra':wifrm0if;vnf; jum;7onf? a':wif

rm0if;onf zifvd k ;rcHz l ;aomfvnf; ptd kaygufud kxd k ;uvdonfhtawG h

tjuHKuawmh trsm;juD;@S donf? olhvifawmfarmifoabFmom;uvnf;

xd k ;uvdzl;onf? olrud k<fwd ki fvnf; xd k;uvdzl;onf? a[m? tck

avmavmq<fyif bd ki fba7wm_zif h apmufywfwvSnf h | ptd kwvSnf h

xd k ;uvdaeonf?

7efyd ki fp d k ;u ziftvdk;cHv#if rnfod k ht7omawGhI b<fyH kz Dvif

awGndr f hE d li fajumif;a_ymqd kw7m;a[monfrsm;ud kjum;ae7aoma':wif

rm0if;rSm tvdkvd kyif zif<m;ovdkvd k _zpfvm7avonf? bdki fba7wm

118

_zi f hzi faygufud kxd k ;uvdaer S Kuyi f wud k<fvH k ;z de f ;@ S de f ;wke f7i fatmi f

t7omawGhae7ay7m tu<fI a<mufsm;vD;tppfESif hom zifaygufxJ

xd k;oGif;umvdk;v#if b<fod k haeavrnfenf;[k awG;rdonf? zifvd k ;c H

junfhcsifovdkvd k pdwftmoDorsm;vnf; rodrom_zpfay:vmonf?

wbufcef;xJwGifawmh 7efyd ki fpd k ;onf rusif[kef>apmufywfud k

x dr dy d k i fE d l i fuÈr f ;usi fp G mv d k ;ae7i f ; zi fc H7e fa _ymqd kpn f ;@ k H ; aeonf?

<ckrS apmufywfpwiftvdk;cHz l;7oltys d Krav;uvnf; _iif;Iaeonf?

xd ktcg7efy d ki fp d k ;u wrs d K ;xGi fvmonf? yg;pyfua_ym| apmufywfud k

vD;ESif hvd k;ae7mrS rusif[kef>zifaygufud k vuf!Sd K;ESif hxd k;uvday;onf?

ppcsif;zifayguf0wGif vuf!S d K ;xdyfud kawhum tomyGwfonf?

apmufywfxJwGif @$rf;@$rf;pd katmifxGufaeavaomapmuf7nfjunf

rsm;onf vD;wefjuD;xd k ;oGif;_yefxkwfvd k;aqmif hay;rS Kt@S de f _zif h t_yif

zufod k h<d kp dr f hum (yufvufvSe ftvd k ;c Haeonfvnf;_zpfaomajumif h )

zi fac gi f ;wav#mu fatmufbufo d k h p D ;u saeonf? zi ftuG J a jumi f ;

tvnfem;avmufwGi f@ S daom ptd kaygufay:r S _zwfIpD ;us7m ptd kud k

apmuf7nfjunfrsm;E Si f hokwfvdr f ;ay;xm;ovd k _zpfonf? vuf!S d K ; _zi f h

ptd kud ky Gwfay;aomtcg apmuf7nfjunfawGy d kp d katmif _ze f hokwfonf h

ta_ctaers d K ; _zp foGm; _ye fonf? rusi f[ke fr Smvnf; <m;us dus dE Si f h

tae7cufvmonf?

119

Ø [dwf- -udkud k- -bmvkyfaewmvJ? [m junfhygvm;?

zi f 0u d k bmv d k h y Gw f aewmv J- -t d kt d k - -tm ;- -emw< f ?

rxd k;e J hawmhuGm- -[m zifxJ0ifoGm;_yD- -td ktd k ×

rusif[kefyg;pyfrSa_ymqdkaeqJrSmyif 7efyd kifpd k;uptdkudkxdk;yGwfae7m

rS zifaygufxJvuf!S d K ;0ifatmif xd k;oGif;vd kufonf? apmuf7nfjunf

rsm;p Gwfxm;ovd kr d k h p d k@ $ JcÈ Jus dae7m vuf!S d K ;urusif[ke f>zifxJod k h

av#mue J0i fonf? ody fawm h remvS? ' gayr<f hzi fay gu fx JwGi f

wpfqd k hqd k hE Si f h wrs d K ;juD;_zpfoGm;aomajumif h rusif[ke f>ES Kwfzsm;r S

trs d K ;rs d K ;aoma_ymqd koHrsm; ay:xGufvm_yefonf?

7e fy d ki fp d k ;u vD;ud ky d kI _re f _re fo Gi f ;x kwfxd k ;aqmi f hay;onf?

vuf!S d K ;ud kvnf; ptd kxJxd k ;oGif;vd kuf| _yefxkwfvd kuf cyfoGufoGuf

cyf_ref _refvkyfay;onf? xd ktcgrusif[ke ftzd k h wrlxl;qef;aomumr

t7omud k juufoD;wzse f ;z se f ;xatmif c Hpm;7ay7m zifaygufxJ

vuf!S d K ;xd k ;xnfhuvdrS Kud k rnfod k hr#uef huGuf_iif;qef_cif;r_yKawmhyg?

<ckrStysd K7nfysufum yxrqHk;tjudrftvdk;cHae7avaomtysdKrav;rSm

7efy d ki fp d k ;>pepfwus uÈrf;usi fp Gmus H K ;oGi f ;r S K _zi f h zifygZ dr fc Hwwfvm

av_yD?

Ø b<fvd kvJusi fusi f? apmufywfxJvD;acsmi f ;juD;e J hvd k ;7i f ;

120

zifud kvuf!S d K ;e J hxd k ;uvday;wm cHvd k haumif;w<fr[kwfvm;- - ×

ptdk0av;u xdk;uvdaeaomvuf!Sd K;ud k !SyfI!SyfIaeonfudk

c Hpm ;7aomtcg aumi frav;zi fZ dr fawG hvm_y Dr Se f ;7 dy fr daomajumi f h

7efyd ki fp d k ;u tyd ki fud ki fumar;vd kufonf? xd kod k har;vd kufonfhtcs de fwGif

vd k ;aqmif haeonfht@S de fud k tomav#mhcsonf? zifud kxd k ;uvdaerSKud k

vnf; tomav;_idrfay;xm;vd kufonf?

zDvifwuft7omawG haeaomrusif[ke fr Sm onfvd kvky fxm;rS K

ajumif h tm;rvd ktm;r7_zpfvmonf?

Ø aumif;w<f- -odyfrd kufw<fud kud k7m- -vkyfavudkud k- -

aqmif hprfyg- -zifud kvnf;xd k;prfyg- - ×

rcsif hr7JjuD;_zpfaeavaomrusif[kefrSm yg;pyfrSxkwfaz:zGif h[um

a_ymcs7avawmhonf?

wbufcef;rSpum;oHrsm;udk a':wifrm0if;jum;7ovdk odef;atmif

ausmfvnf; jum;onf? odef;atmifausmfr Sm rde f;rrsm;ESi f hywfoufI

tawmfud k Øzs H × usol_zpfay7m xdkpum;oHrsm;onf a':wifrm0if;ud k

rnfod k hrnfyH kp dwfvSKyf@ Sm;7ifzd kr S Krsm; cHpm;_zpfay:apEl di fonfud k em;vnf

onf? 'gajumif h av;bufaxmufumwbufcef;od k hacsmi f ;junf h7if ;

121

bdkifba7wm_zif hz Dvif<laeaom trsd K;orD;juD;>wifyg;qH kum;um;juD;

aemufw Gi f a7muf@ S d ae7m<lr d _y D ;aom fvnf ; tomyi f _i dr f7y fum

ta_ctaeud kapmif hjunfhaeonf? aumifrjuD;onfxufyd kIØa[mh×vm

atmif c^r#atmif htnf;umapmif haeonf?

odef;atmifausmf>wGufudef; rSefonf? a':wifrm0if; t7rf;ud k

pdwfvSKyf@Sm;aeonf? apmufywfxJvD;juD;xdk;aqmifhay;rSKESif h zifaygufudk

vuf!S d K ;E Si f hxd k ;uvday;r S Kud k r de f ;r de f ;r l ;r l ;c Hpm;ae7aomrusi f[ke fud k

tm;usumaeonf? rdrdud k<fwd ki fvnf; xd kod k htvkyfcHcsi faeonf?

odef;atmifausmfu tomapmif hjunfhaeonfhtcsdeftawmtwGif;

r S myi f a':wi frm0i f ;>umrp dw fawG t7r f ;u d kxe f _yi f ;vmonf?

apmu fyw fx Jo d k hb d k i fba7wmud k tqH k ; e D ;y g ;x d k ;o Gi f ; _ye fx kw fE Si f h

t7rf;ud k _zp fvmonf? aumifrjuD;z DvifawGwufae_y D[k 7dy fr daom

odef;atmifausmfu olhtvkyfud kp7ef[ef_yifonf?

bd ki fba7wm_zif h apmufywfud ktyDt_yifxd k ;uvdaerSKuvnf;

awmfawmfE Si f hr_y D ;E d li f _zpfae7m odef;atmifausm fr Sm plwlwlptd kayguf

av;xJod k h vD;xd k ;oGi f ;ypfcsi fp dwfyifay:vmonf? 'gayr<f h ppcsi f;

tyDvkyf7efvd kaomajumif h tzkwfxJrSbd ki fba7wm_zKwfum tayguf

a _ymi f ;x d k ;rn f htc s d e fu d k apmi f h aeonf? bd ki fba7wm_y Kw fonfE Si f h

apmufywfxJvD;xd k ;oGif;zd k h vD;ud ktoif hvkyfxm;onf? a':wifrm0if;rSm

122

aqmif htvdk;cH7if; zifygxd k;uvdrSKcHae7aomrusif[kefud k tm;uspdwf_zif h

z DvifawGwufae7m apmufywfud kbd ki fba7wm_zi f h cy fjurf ;jurf ;

xd k ;ar$onf? zifqH k _zL_zLazG;azG;juD;uvnf; w<rf;<rf;_zpfaeonf?

yg;pyfr Svnf; w[if;[if;toHawG_rnfaeovd k apmufywfxJrSvnf;

wzkwfzkwfwzGwfzGwftoHawG rjum;csiftqHk;? odef;atmifausmftzd k h

vnf; 7ifw'dwf'dwfcke fum vDwefjuD;qwfueJqwfueJvSKyfaev#uf

vD;xdy fwGi ft7nfjunfawGp d k@ k Hr #ru tr#i fwef ;av;t_zp fyi fwef ;I

usvmonf? vdk;csi fp dwfuvnf t7rf;ud kxefaeonf? apmufywfxJrS

bd ki fba7wm_yKwfonfE Si f h vDud kxd k ;o Gi f ;ayawmhrnf? _re f _re fE Si f h

wnf hwnf hrwfrwf tyDvd k ;z d k hvd konf htwGuf aoaocsmcsmcs de fqum

ae7m<lxm;onf?

Ø [if htif htif h- -bGyfyvGyf- - ×

q7mra':wifrm0if;u apmufywfxJrSbd ki fba7wmudkqG Jxkwf

vd kufonf? bd ki fba7wmrSm apmuf7nfjunfrsm;@$r f;@ $r f;p d kum qDokwf

xm;onf hE S< f a_ymi fvufaeonf? tz kw fx Jr Sq G Jx kw f _y D ;aemuf

zi faygufod k hae7ma_ymi f ;onf? ptd k0qDod k hb d ki fba7wmvrf ;ajumi f ;

a_ymif;oGm;onfhtcs de fr Smyif odef;atmifausmfuvnf; vuf_refa_c_ref

vSKyf@ Sm;vkyfief;pavawmhonf?

123

Ø bGyfzGwfzGwf- -_yGwf- - ×

Ø tmh- -tdtd tk- - ×

awh-zd-oGif; | wqufwnf;qd kovdkvSKyf@ Sm;onf? tawmfud k

_refwJ hoGufwJ hieJ? apmufywfxJrSbd ki fba7wmuÈwfxGufum ptdkayguf

qDod k h a@ G hvsm ;c s de fw Gi f ode f ;atmi fausm fa@ S ho d ka _cwvSr f ;wufonf?

ptd kaygufxJod k h bd ki fba7wmwdk;0ifcs de fwGif odef;atmifausmf>vD;xdyf

uvnf; apmufywf0wGifawhrdonf?

124

awhrdaomvD;acsmif;juD; ab;acsmfrxGufoGm;ap7efzdaxmuf_yD;

aemuf nmvuf0g;_zif h a':wifrm0if;yg;pyfud kz dtkyfydwf_yD; awhxm;

aomvD ;ud k qwfue Jxd k ;o Gi f ;v d ku fonf? z Dvi fawGt7r f ;wuf _y D ;

umrpdwfawGt_ywfaomif;usef;^Smxefaeaomajumif h q7mra':wif

rm0if;>apmufzkwfxJwGif apmuf7nfjunfawGpd k@ $ Jaeonf? a':wifrm

0if;rSm _rdwfolr_zpf7m| tom;_zL_yD; apmuf7nfjunfuvnf;@$r f;onf?

xd k h _yif a':wifrm0if;@S daeonfhtaetxm;uvnf; av;bufaxmufum

zifaxmifukef;ay;xm;7onfhtaetxm;rs d K ;?

bd ki fba7wm_zif h xdk;uvdxm;onfhtwGuf apmufacgif;uvnf;

tvd kufoif hy Gi f htmaeonf? ode f ;atmifausm fr Smvnf; t7yf_ri f h _ri f h |

[ JA D ;q d ku f juD ; ? a':wi frm0i f ;u d k t7i fuwnf;utvd k ;c si fv#uf

pdwfvnf;t7rf;xaeaomajumifh cyfjurf;jurf;tm;_yif;_yif;zdxdk;vd kuf7m

wcsufwnf;ESi f hyif ud k;vufrausmf@ Snfum usyfvH k ;avmufwkwfaom

vD;juD;wacsmif;vH k; apmufacgif;aygufxJ tqHk;0ifoGm;avawmhonf?

a':wifrm0if;onf apmuftH kjuGonf? apmufzkwfES kwfcrf;om;

xlonf? od k haomf uav;rarG;zl;ao;onfht_yif olrvifawmfarmif

oabFmom;uvnf; Ed li fi H _cm;oabFmvd kufaeonfursm;I odyfrvd k;E d li f

aomajumif h apmufacgif;u acsmifrae? tys d KE Si f hr_cm; usOf;qJyif

125

_zpfonf?

' gajumi f h vD ;acsmi f ; juD ;wcsufwnf;E Si f htqH k ;0i foGm;onf?

od k haom fvnf; acsmi facsmi fc s dc s dawmhr[kwf? wif ;juyf _ynf hody fvd k h

aeygonf? ode f ;atmi fausm fr Smawmh p_ri fr duwnf;u pdwfxJr S

judwfypfr Sm;aecJ honf h _zL_zLawmif hawmif ha':wifrm0if;>apmufz kwf

juD;xJod k h ol hiy JjuD; tqH k ;0i fatmifxd k ;oGi f ;vd kuf7_y Dr d k h tvGe fud k

tm;7auseyfaeonf?

a':wifrm0if;rSmawmh wudk<fvH k ;usifpufESi f htwd k hc H7onfhES<f

vSKyf@ Sm;wGef hcgoGm;onf? olronf av;bufaxmufum eH7HtaygufrS

aeI wbufce f ;@ S d 7e fy d ki fp d k ;E Si f hrusi f[ke fwd k hp H kw G J vd k ;aejuyH kud k

tm;7yg;7acsmif;junfhaeav7m rdrd>zifjuD;aemufyd ki f ;wGi f b<fvd k

_zpfysufonfud k @kwfw7ufrodEd li f? od k haomf olr>apmufacgif;ayguf

xJodk h wif;juyfpGm_ynfhodyfwdk;0ifvmonfrSm a<mufsm;vD;tppf_zpfajumif;

udkawmh vifawmfarmifoabFmom;ESif h umrpyf<SufcJ hzl;onfhtawGhtjuHK

t7 odvd kufonf? b<fvlursm; tacsmifvm_yD;wG<faeygvdrf h[kvnf;

w_yd ki feufwnf; pOf;pm;rdonf?

xd k h _yif juD;rm;wkwfcd ki fvSaomvD;acsmif;juD; wcsufwnf;tqHk;

xdk;oGif;vdkufonfh'^fudkajumifh apmufacgif;0onf qefhum;_yJoGm;v#uf

tzkwf0wGifus de f;um apmufacgif;xJemv#uf om;tdrf0wGifatmif hoGm;

126

aomajumif h yg;pyfrSatmfvd kufrdonf? aumifrjuD; vD;toGif;cH7v#if

onfvd katmfrnfud k odxm;aomodef;atmifausmfu yg;pyfud kvuf0g;ESi f h

z dy dw fxm;E Si f h aomajumi f h q7mra':wi frm0i f ;>atm f[p fo Honf

yDyDoo us<fus<favmifavmifay:rvm? ryDro cyfoJ hoJ htoHav;

rsm;om ay:xGufonf?

Þ ratm fe J h ? olr sm ;awG jum;oGm ; _y D ; uG d Ki fwufuke fr<f?

_idr f _i dr fae- -aumif;atmif vd k;ay;r<f ß

odef;atmifausmfu a':wifrm0if;em;@Gufem;odk h yg;pyfawhuyfum

avoHE Si f ha _ymonf? vnf~ kwfom;ud ky g wcgwnf;yg ;py fE Si f hp ky fer f ; |

@ Smzsm;ESi f h7ufay;vd kufonf? xd k h _yif a':wifrm0if;yg;pyfay: zduyf

xm;onfhvufudk z<fonf? vufESpfbuf_zifh a':wifrm0if;csdKif;atmufrS

w d k ;v# d Kum b<fnmyc ke f ;E Sp fbufud k cy fwi f ;wi f ;q ky fu d ki fonf?

aumifrjuD; twif;@kef;uefxGufoGm;r7atmif ~sL'd kynmoHk;I ynmom;

ygy g r dr d77cs Ky fxm;vd kuf _ci f ; _zp fonf? ol>iyJacsmi f ; juD ;uawmh

apmufywfxJwGif _rKyfaeqJ? _yefrxkwfao;? vSKyf@Sm;xd k ;aqmif h _cif;

vnf; r_yKao;?

a':wifrm0i f ;r Sm r dr dud k a<muf sm;wa<mufu tacsmi f

vmvdk;rSef; em;vnf7dyfrdaomfvnf; bmbmnmnmawG;awmraeEd lifawmh?

127

roi f h awm fwmawGbmawGvnf ; rpO f ;pm ;E d l i f awm h ? a7iwfw ke f ;

a7wGif;xJuswmrs d K ; | vD;iwfaewkef; tvdk;cH7onfrd k h taoG;tom;

xJuyg olrud kvmvdk;onfh (rnfol hvD;rSe f;rodao;aom) vD;juD;ud k

wyfrufoabmusvd kvm;pGm vufcHjudKqd konf? xdk h _yif vD;acsmif;juD;

apmufzkwfxJod k h tqHk;0ifatmifxd k ;oGif;vd kufcs de fwGif xd kol>qD;pyfESi f h

z dr davaombdki fba7wmrSmvnf; ptd kaygufxJod k h (vD;tzkwfxJ0ifonfh

t@S de ftwdkif;) cyf_yif;_yif;ESif h tqHk;e D;yg;wd k;0ifoGm;_yef7m a':wifrm0if;

tzd k h apmufywfESif hzifayguf ESpfaygufpvH k; w_ydKi feuftvdk;cH7ovdk

taetxm;rs d K ; _zpfoGm;_yefonf?

7efyd kifpd k ;u rusif[kefud k zifvdk;cH7ef pnf;@k H;qG<fw7m;a[m7if;

tzkwfudkvdk;ae7mrS zifaygufudk vuf!SdK;ESif hxd k;uvdaerSKudkjunfh_rif7if;

r dr du d k< fw d k i fvnf ; apmufywfx Jv D ;x d k ;o Gi f ;um vd k ;aec s d e fw Gi f

pt d k ay gu fu d k x d k ;uvdc Hv d k p dw fqE Nt[ke fxe f _yi f ;aec J h 7avaom

a':wifrm0if ;r Sm <ckr S toma_yv#uf tjudKufawG hovd k _zp fvm

7onf?

juufoD;awG xvdkufwmvnf; a_ymraeESif hawmh? tonf;vSdKuf

7ifzd kaewmuvnf; t7rf;yJ?

q7mra':wifrm0if;r Sm rdr dud kaemufr Saqmfaeaoma<mufsm;

128

rnfolrnf0g _zp fonfr Se f ; rod7ao;aomfvnf; _ii f ;qef@ ke f ;uef _ci f ;

tvsi f ;r _y Kay? _ii f ;qe fz d k hvnf ; owdr7yg? av;bufaxmuf _r J

axmufv#uf arS;I_idrfc Haeonf?

q7mra':wifrm0if; 7@S dc Hpm;ae7onfh umrt7omuvnf;

t_ywfud kxl;uJaeygonf? olr>zifaygufxJwGif vD;tpm;tmoma_z

E d l i fonf h bd ki fba7wmu tqH k ;e D ;y gx d k ;0i faeonf? olrbmom

pt d k ay gu fu d kx d k ;uv dr S Kxu fyi f y d kIeu feu f0i f ae _ci f ; _ zp fon f ?

_yD;awmh apmufacgif;xJwGifvnf; @Snfvsm;wkwfcd ki fvSaomvD;acsmif;

juD;u _ynfhodyfaeonf? a':wifrm0if;>vifawmfarmifrSm vD;odyf

rjuD;vS? <ck olrvif>vD;xuf yd kjuD;aomvD;juD;0ifae7m vD;ESi f h

<cifrxdawG hz l;ao;aom apmufywftwGif;yd ki f ;ae7mrsm;rSm <ckrSyif

vD;ESi f hususeexdrdv#uf t_ywfud kt7omawGhaeonf?

xd k h _yif olrukef;xm;7I tdaeaomzifqH kom;juD;onf xdkol>

qD;py fE Si f hz duyfum vD;ar $ ;r sm;ajumif hvnf; <m;us dus d _zp fIae7m

vD;wacsmif;vH k; tzkwfxJ0ifaeajumif; a':wifrm0if;em;vnfod@S donf?

t7omawG hr S KE Si f htwl juD;rm;vSaomvD;juD;>'^fajumif h emjuif

atmi f haer S Ku d kvnf ; y l ;w G Jc Hpm ;7onf? wjudr fr Sr _zp fz l ;ao;aom

om;tdrf0Y wpfqd k hqd k hatmif hawmif hawmif ha0'emud kvnf; xl;_cm;p Gm

cHpm;ae7onf?

129

xd k h _yi f olrud ktacsmi f0i fv d k ;o lonf umrqufqHr S Kw Gi f

tawG htjuHK _ynf h0um uÈrf;usi fy H k7ajumif;uk dvnf; a':wifrm0if;

tuJcwfrdonf? vD;xd k ;oGi f ;vd kufyH ku yd ki fE d li fum tcs de ftqvnf;

tvGefud k _refonf? xdkolom vD;toGif;ruÈrf;usifyJ tcsde ftqrrSefv#if

t7nfjunfawGrnfr #@ $r f ;p d k aeonf _zp fap | vD ;we fwacsmi f ;v H k ;

tzkwfxJtqHk;0ifatmif tawmfud kjudK;pm;oGif;<l7vdrf hrnf?

<ckvnf; junfhygtkef;? olr>yckef;ESpfbufudk aemufrSodkif;um

y d ki fy d k i fE d l i fE d l i fq ky fu d ki fxm;7i f ; tqH k ;0i fatmi fxd k ;o Gi f ; _y D ; _zp faom

vD;acsmif;juD;ud k _yefrxkwfao;yJ pd kp GwfEl;nH hovd k usOf;juyfaom

apmufacgif;aygufxJwGif t_ynfhtodyf t7if;wdkifzduyfxdk;xnfhxm;v#uf

vD;acsmif;juD;ud k aig hueJaig hueJvSKyfaeatmif aumhIaumhIay;aeav

onf? xdkod k hvD;wcsufaumhay;vd kufavwdki f; q7mra':wifrm0if;rSm

7i fxJz d kue Jat;ueJ _zp fv#uf tvd kvd kyi f arm[k dufye f ;vscsi fovd k

_zpfvm7onf? umrqdyfuvnf; wufonfxufwufvmonf?

Þ [if h- -tif htif h- -td k [if h- -td kuG<f- -[if h [if h ß

a':wifrm0if;>yg;pyfr S toHrs d K ;p H k cyfwd k ;wd k ;av;ay:xGufI

aeavonf?

130

7e fy d k i fp d k ;u rusi f[ ke fu d k y<fy<fe<fe<fvd k ;Iaeonf?

vD;acsmif;juD;udk apmufywfxJ tm;_yif;_yif;ESih f aqmifhaqmifhvd k;aeovdk

zifaygufud kvnf; vuf!S d K ;ESi f ht_ywfxd k;uvdonf? <ckrSyguifzGi f hum

yxrqHk;tjudrf ptvdk;cH7avaomrusif[keftwGuf tvGefudkxl;uJaom

umrt7omrsm;ud k t_ywfud kc Hpm;ae7onf? aumifrav; raeEd li f?

v l ;v Ge f h aum hy s Hv S Ky f @ S m ;aeonf ? @ Su fwmawG | ajumufwmawG |

âa_E NawGbmawG ab;cs dwfv#uf umrt7omawG hr S K>_y@ k~ ft_zp fyg;pyfrSvnf; wwGwfwGwfrs d K ;p H ka7@Gwfa_ymqd kaeavonf?

Þ bGyfbGyfzGwfzkwf- - ß

Þ aumif;vd kufwmudkud k7m- -tm;yg; tD; ß

Þ b<f[mu aumi f ;wmvJusi fu si f7 J h ? apmu fyw fu d kaqmif hvd k ;wmuvm;? zifaygufxJud k uvdwmuvm; ß

7efy d ki fp d k ;uvnf; vd k ;7i f ;em;t7omcH7Ed li fatmif t_ywfud kar;aeonf?

Þ tm;[if h- -ESpfckpvH k;ayg h ß

Þ apmufywfud k tm;7yg;7aqmif hvd k ;r<faemf ß

Þ aqmif h- -aqmif h ß

131

Þ zifaygufud kvnf; tyDxd k;r<faemf ß

Þ xdk;xd k ;- - ß

Þ bGyfbGyf- -Aspf bGyf bkbk AspfAvpf Avpf ß

Þ atmifr<fav;av;- -aumif;vd kufwm- -aumif;w<f?ti f h[i f h- -aqmi f h- -aqmi f h- -xd k ;xd k ;- -tm;tm;- -' Dvd kaumif;rSe f; tpurodbl;ud kud k7m- -tm; tm;tm; ß

Þ zifa7m <m;rvmbl;vm; ß

Þ tif; tif;- -<m;w<f- -<m;w<f tm;tdtd tm; ß

w@kwfu_ym;rav;u t7rf;aumhum yg;pyfrStrsdK;rsdK;a_ymqdkv#ufaumhys Hvl;vGef hvSKy f@ Sm;aeav7m 7efyd ki fp d k ;r Smvnf; pdwft7rf;xefvmaomajumif h wtm;ukefyif aqmif hvd k ;ypfvd kufonf? tysd Kpifav;ud kaps;OD;ayguf yguifzGi f haeonfESif hrwlawmh? 7m~juG<f7ruf_yif;xef_yD;umrpyf<SufrSKtawGhtjuHKaumif;aumif;@Sdaom 0g7ifhrdef;rjuD;wa<mufudkolEd li fud k<fEd li ft_yd Ki fjuJum vd k;onf htaers d K ;yif _zpfonf? zDvifawGt7rf;t7rf;ud kwufaeavaom rusif[kefr Smvnf; 7efyd ki fp d k ;>_yif;xefjurf;wrf;aom aqmif hvd k ;csufrsm;ud k vH k;0r_iif;wrf;ud k cHaeavonf?tm~w@kwfu_ym;rav;yif?

132

rusif[kefonf aygifwef_zL_zLazG;azG;juD;ESpfacsmif;ud k t_ywfudkum;ay;xm;onf? 7efyd ki fp d k ;onf aqmif hcsifoavmufaqmif h | vd k;csifoavmufvd k; tyDud kc Haeonf?

w7jurf;vd k ;aqmif haqmfypfvd kuf7m c^tjumwGif rusif[kefwa<muf umrt7omtxGwftxdyfod k ha7mufum _ynfh_ynf h00juD;ud kwcs D Ø_yD;× oGm;cJ havonf?

Þ tm;- -tD;- -xGufukef_yDud kud k7- -xGufukef_yD td ktd k ß

w@ kwfu_ym;rav;>yg ;py fr Svnf ; a_ymqd ko Hay:vmonf?aumifrav;wcsD_yD;oGm;onfud k em;vnfaom7efyd ki fp d k ;uvnf; tvdkufodpGmyif tvdk;taqmif hud k7yfem;um olhvD;acsmif;juD;ud k apmufacgif;aygufxJ tqHk;xd k ;odyfzduyfxm;vd kufavonf?

apmufac gi f ;twGi f ;om;E kE kav;r sm ;onf vdi fac smi f ; ju D ;u d kppfueJppfueJaeatmifyif zd!Spfpkyf<laejuonf? rusif[kefwudk<fvH k;qwfqwfudkwkef7ifaeavonf? 7efyd ki fp d k ;ud kvnf; vufESpfbufESif ha7ma_caxmufESp facsmi f ;E Si f hy g wtm;yifayG h!Sy fxm;onf? yg;pyfr Svnf;bmawGrSe f;rod? wwGwfwGwfa_ymIaeonf? c^jumr#tomrS de f ;ae_yD;rusif[kefvnf; tenf;i<f_idr fusoGm;rS 7efyd ki fp d k ;u aumifrav;>udk<fay:rS z<fcGmonf? apmufywfxJrS vD;acsmif;juD;ud kvnf; qGJ_zKwfvdkufonf?

133

7efyd ki fp d k ;r Sm okwf7nfrxGufao;yg? w@kwfu_ym;rav; wcsDaumif;aumif; Ø_yD;× oGm;_yD;aemuf wc^r#tem;ay;vd konfhtwGufrdrdr Ø_yD;× ao;aomfvnf; qufvdk;csifonfhpdwfudkatmifhtnf;xdef;odrf;umvD;ud k xkwfvd kuf_ fcif;_zpfygonf? ol>vD;acsmif;juD;u rwfrwfjuD;awmifaeqJ_zpf7m tzkwfxJrSqG Jxkwfvd kufaomtcg vD;onf wqwfqwfyi f vS Ky fc gaeonf ? apmuf7n f junfr sm ;p d k @ $ J aeonf ht_yi faoG;rsm;vnf; ayusHaeonf?

apmufywfxJrSvD;qGJxkwfI rdrdud k<fay:rS7efyd kifpd k ;qif;oGm;aomtcg yufvufuav;_zpfaeaomrusif[kefuvnf; tomyifxIxdkifvdkufonf? olronf yxrOD;qHk;tjudrftvdk;cH7rSKajumifh (t7omaumif;aumif;awG honfhenf;wl wbufrSvnf;) @Suf@G H hae7m acgif;av;ud ki H k hxm;onf?olrtm;tys d K7nfzsufum y<fy<fe<fe<fvd k ;oGm;_y D ;ol 7efy d ki fp d k ;ud k@ kwfw7ufrsufESmcsif;qd ki frjunfh7Jao;? rsufESmylaeonf? tys d Kpifb0qHk;@S H K ;vd kuf7aom rdef;uav;wdk h>xHk;pHtwdkif; rusif[kefonf 0rf;enf;ovdkcHpm;7um rsuf7nfawG0Jaeonf? olr>aygif7if;cGqH kapmufywfrSmus de f ;py femjuifaeonf ht_yi f ap;xef ;xe f ;vnf; _zp faeaomajumi f htomiH k h junf hvd kuf7m w@kwfu_ym;rav;r Sm rsufvH k ; _yL;us<fumxdwfvef hoGm;7avonf?

olr>aygif7if;cGqHkw0d kufrSm aoG;rsm;eD7Jaeonf? rusif[kefonf7efyd ki fp d k ;ud kvnf; tvef hwjum;junfhvd kuf_yefonf? apmapmuolrud ky< fy<fe<fe<fv d k ;xm;c J ho l 7e fy d k i f p d k ;>vD ;ac smi f ; ju D ;w Gi fvnf ;aoG;rsm;ayaeonfud k _rif7_yefonf?

Þ [m- -udkud k- -uÈefrawmh 'kuQ_zpf_yD;xifw<f ß

134

w@kwfu_ym;rav;u xdwfvef hp Gma_ymonf?

Þ bm_zpfvd k hvJ usifusif7J h- - ß

7efy d ki fp d k ;u avoHat;at;_zif h _yefar;onf? aumifrav;bmajumif h 'Dvd ktvef hwjum;_zpf7onfud kvnf; olodonf? a_zodrf hus H K ;oGif;Ed li fz d k hvnf; judKwifpOf;pm;pDpOfxm;_yD;_zpfonf?

Þ 'DrSm- -aoG;awG- -aoG;awG- -uÈefrOpPm pkwf_yJuG JxGufoGm;_yD- -'kuQygyJ [if h[if h[if h ß

r suf7nf7p f0 Jaec J havaom w@kwfu_ym;rav; <ckawm hid k@ S d Kufrdavonf?

Þ tJ'g bmrSajumufp7mr[kwfygbl; usifusif7? tysd KtarS;yg;pkwfoGm;vd k h aoG;xGufwmyg? apmufywf_yJoGm;wm r[kwfygbl; ß

Þ [ifh[if h[if h - -usra_ymom;eJ h? rvkyfygeJ hvd k h awmif;yefwmud kud ku twif;juHwmudk;- -awmf_yD? oGm;r<f ß

Þ [m tck_yefoGm;7if usifusifuG d Ki fwufrSmayg h ß

Þ bmuGd Ki fwufrSmvJ ß

Þ aemufwcgxyfrcsy J wcg_y D ;wme J h _ye foGm;7i f usi fusi fvrf;av#mufwJ htcg uGwuGw_zpfaevdrf hr<f ß

135

Þ [if- -wu<f ß

Þ wu<fa_ymwmayg h? aemufwcs D aumif;aumif;xyfcsay;rSt@S de faotom;us_y D ; usifusi fvnf; aumif;aumif;vrf;av#mufvd k h7rSm? wcgxJvkyf_yD;_yefoGm;7ifawmh usifusif uGwuGweJ hvrf;av#mufwmud kjunfh_y D; 'Daumifrav; tvdk;cH_yD;xGufvmwm vdk h usde f;aoodukefjurSmayg h? ß

Þ td k- -udkud kaemf? Om^frrsm;eJ h ß

Þ Om^frrsm;ygbl; usifusif7? taumif;a_ymwmyg? uJ- -vmvm- -aoG;awGayaewmudk aq;ju7atmif ß

Þ b<frSm oGm;aq;rSmvJ ß

Þ [dktcef;axmif hem;rSm toif hvkyfxm;ygw<f? vm- -x ß

rusif[kefonf 7efyd ki fp d k ;ud ktomwGJI tcef;axmifbufqDod k ha@S h@ S KoGm;onf? vrf;av#mufaomtcg wu<fyifus de f ;pyfemjuifuma_cvSrf;rrSe fy J uGwuGw_zpfIaeonf?

Þ junfh- -wdk ha_ymw<fr[kwfvm;? uGwuGw_zpfaerSmygvd k hß

xd ktcef;axmif hem;wGif yvyfpwdwfa7yH k ;wyH k ; a7t_ynfhxnfh

136

_yD;om; @S daeonf? ab;em;wGif yvwfpwdwfZvH ktvwfpm;wvHk;ESi f hyvwfpwdwfa7cGufi<fwckwd k h@ S daeonf? yguifzGi f hIvd k;v#if aoG;xGufvmrnfud kodaomajumif h odef;atmifausmf>tjuHay;csuft7 onfvd kpDpOfxm;_cif;_zpfonf?

Þ uJ- -xdki f- - ß

rusi f[ke fonf puyfud kv Se fum yvwfpwdwfZvH kay:c GIaqmif hajumi f hxd ki fvd kufonf? 7e fy d ki fp d k ;u yvwfpwdwfa7y H k ;xJr Sa7ud k yvwfpwdwfa7cGufi<fav;wck_zif h cyf<lum rusif[kef>apmufywfwGif ayusHaeonfrsm;ud kaq;ajumay;onf?

Þ td k- -udkud kuGm r@G Hr@Sm? i7JawGbmawGjuD;ukefygtH k ;r<f?z<f- - ß

ESpfa<mufom; y<fy<fe<fe<fvdk;cJ h_yD;_zpfaomfvnf; rusif[kefr Sm tenf;i<f@S de faeao;aomajumif h a_ymrdonf?

Þ usifusifuvJ- -vd k ;awmifvd k ;ju_yD; _y Dy J? bmrsm;@ G Hp7m@S dvd k hvJ? cspfp7mav; [d ß

a_yma_ymqdkqdk 7efyd kifpd k ;u tzkwfudkvuf0g;_zif h tomqwfueJykwfvd kuf7m rusif[kef7ifcke fum yg;pyfrSm Øtd k ; × ueJ toHxGufonf?

Þ a7mh- -'d k hvD;ud k aq;ay;? wvSnf hp Dayg h ß

apmufywfud ka7aq;um wbuf_zif hokwfIoef hpif_yD;aomtcg

137

7efyd ki fp d k ;u a_ymonf?

rusif[kefu 7efyd ki fp d k ;>vD;ud k tomr7Jw7Jud ki fI a7aq;oef hpifay;onf? okwf7nfrxGufao;aomajumif h vD;juD;urwfawmifaeao;7m xd7ud ki f7onfr Smvnf; tm;7zG<fyif? onfvD;juD;E Si f hapmapmu tvdk;c Hc J h7yH krsm;ud k rusif[ke f _yefowd7ovd k 'gjuD;E Si f haemufwcs Dvd k ;7tH k ;r Smud kvnf; awG;um7ifzd kaeonf?

a7aq;_yD;aomtcg 7efyd kifpd k;u vD;udkwbuf_zifhtomokwfonf?rusif[kefurl olr>tzkwfav;ud k tomudki fprf;junfhr donf? tvdk;c H_y D ;umptzkwfuav;onf rd k hr d k hav;azgi f ;v#uf pyfz si f ;z si f ;emjuifaeonf?

Þ uGJoGm;_yDvm; rodbl;? emaew<f ß

aumifrav;u id kr J hr J hav;a_ymonf?

Þ ruGJygbl;usifusif7J h? vd k;xm;wJ hvD;'^fajumif h enf;enf;usde f;aewmyg ß

Þ [muGm- -udkud kuvJ ß

Þ bmvJ usifusif7 ß

138

Þ tJ'Dvd krs d K ; ra_ymeJ huGm? uÈefr em;raxmifwwfbl; ß

xd kaemuf ESpfa<mufom; cif;xm;aomzsmay:od k h _yefoGm;juonf? twlwl<SO fum tdyfjuonf? 7efy d ki fp d k ;u aumifrav;>cg;ud k tomod ki f ;zuf_y D ; nmbufyg;_yifav;ud k @$wfueJ_rnfatmiferf;vd kufonf? 'kwd<tcsDqufvd k;7ef tpys d K ;vd kuf_cif;_zpfonf?

rusi f[ke fu d k ay G hzufer f ;v d ku f7i f ; 7e fy d ki fp d k ;>p dwfxJwGi fq7mra' :wi frm0i f ;> [JA D ;q d ku f v H k ; ju D ; ay gu fv Su d k< fcE É mqlql_zdK;_zdK;juD;udk _rifa<mifrdonf? i<fi<fEkEktysdKacsmav;wa<mufudkvd k ;7awmhrnf htcs de fwGif q7mra':wifrm0if;tajumif; pOf;pm;rdonfhtwGuf rdrdud k<frdr d tH hjordonf?

bmyJa_yma_ym a':wifrm0if;ud k <ckrusif[keftm;vd k;7ovdkv d k ;7v#i f t7r f ;aumi f ;r Smy J[k awG ;junf hr donf? r7E d li fwmud kawG;raeyJ <ckyd ki f ;xm;wmudk t_ywf_zKwfrS[k pdwfxJwGifjudwfuma_ymum rusif[kefud k wif;wif;juyfjuyfayG hzufum cyfjurf;jurf;erf;ypfvd kufonf? rdrdp dwfxJu judwfumypfrSm;rdaom q7mra':wifrm0if;ud k r7Ed k li fawmif aemufyd ki f ;wGif odef;atmifausmfESi f hwd ki fyifumjudK;pm;juHpnfjunfhrnf[k pdwful;ay:onf? vG<fawmh vG<frnfr[kwf? tawmfjuD;ud k juHzefjudK;pm;zd k hawmh vd kayvdrf hrnf?

xdkodhkawG;rdaomtcsdefudkufyif wbufcef;Y q7mra':wifrm0if;udkodef;atmifausmfu tyd ki ftEd li fc Gvd k ;aeonfhtajumif;ud kawmh 7efyd ki fp d k ;rodyg? odrsm;odv#if- - - ?

[kwfy gonf? wbufce f ;x JwGi fawm h ode f ;atmi fausm fu

139

q7mra':wifrm0if;ud k t_ywfwG<fIaeygonf?

aumif;vd kufwm@Sif? b<fvd kaumif;w<fqd kwm a_ymr_ywwfatmifygy J? tvd k ;rc H7wm jumvd k hvm;? 'gr Sr[kwf ol hvD;juD;ujuD;_yD; tvdk;taqmif hynmom;ygvd k hvm;? uÈefr7J hzDvifawG t7rf;wufaewmajumif hvm;? bmajumif hr Se f ;awmh rodygbl;? aumif;wmuawmht7rf;ygyJ? 'gajumifh uÈefrudkvdk;aeol[m b<folvJqdkwm aoaocsmcsmrod7ayr<fh olvd k ;or#ud k ususeecHaerdygw<f?

uÈefr[m b<fvdkrSraeEd lifrxdkifed lifawmhyJ apmufywftwGif;om;awG @Gxvdk h apmuf7nfjunfawGt_ywfpd kvmygw<f? 7rufaZmawGodyfxefvd k h aeygw<f? vD;juD; apmufywfxJxd k ;oGif;xnfhxm;wmudktm;r7Ed li fawmhygbl;? olu vD;ud konftwd ki f ; zduyf_i dr fxm;wmrSr[kwfwm? tqHk;zdxd k ;xnfhxm;7if; aumhaumhay;aewmudk;? 'Dawmhw[kef;[kef;wufjuGvmwJh umr7rufaZmt[kefud k b<fvdkrS rvGefqefE d li fawmhyg? aqmif hvd k ;ay;z d k h tcsuf_ywJ htaeeJ h uÈefr7J hzi fjuD;ud kaumhaumhwif<rf;ay;rdygw<f? 'gayr<f h ieJom;u raqmif hao;ygbl;? 'DawmhuÈefrvnf; yg;pyfu xkwfa_ym7awmhwmayg h?

Þ vkyfav- -aqmif hprf;yg- -aqmif hvd k ;prf;yg ß

uÈe frud kuÈe fr tH ha7m? b<fvd kuaeb<fvd k onfpum;yg;pyfuxGufoGm;w<fqd kwmawmif rodygbl;? tif;- -umr7rufpdwfrsm; w<ftm;juD;_y D ; pd k ;r d k ;E d li fp Gr f ;@ S dwmyJaemf? 7rufpdwfr $e faev#ift@SuftajumufawG | âa_êawG | oduQmawGtm;vH k; b<fa7muf

140

rSe f;rodatmif aysmufuG<foGm;wwfwmr[kwfvm;?

uÈe fr[m yg;py fu tmomir f ;ir f ;xkwfa_ymvd kufr dayr<f haemufud kawmh vSnf hrjunfhrdao;ygbl;? aemufud kacgif;i J hjunfhvd kuf7ifuÈefrud k tyd ki f0ifvd k ;aewJha<mufsm;[m b<folvJqd kwmudk od7rSmygyJ? 'gayr<fh avmavmq<ftcsde frSm uÈefrtzd k h b<folvJqd kwm[modyfta7;r[kwfygbl;? vdk;aewJhvD;yd ki f@ Si fxuf vdk;aewJhvD;u yd kta7;juD;w<fav? [kwfw<f?

tckuÈefrwrf;waewmu apmufywfxJtqHk;0ifatmif xdk;oGif;_yD;_zpfwJ h vD;acsmif;juD;eJ h vd k;wmaqmif hwmudkyJ? 'gajumif h aemufud kvSnf hrjunfhbl;? zifjuD;ud ky J axmifay;vd kufw<f? axmifaeor#ud kaxmifay;vd kufwm? zifjuD;ud kaxmifay;vd kufwmqd kawmh uÈe fr7 J hAd kuftay:yd kif;uvnf; atmufudkyd_ym;usoGm;awmhwmaygh? olhpdwfjudKufwtm;uke faqmif hvd k ;E d li fatmif ol ha@S hr Sm zifaxmif_y D ;0yfay;vd kufwJ hoabmayg h? tJ'DtcgrSm uÈefr7J hrsufaph[mvnf; acsmif;junfhaewJ htaygufae7muae atmufbufud ka7mufoGm ;y gw<f? wbufutvdk;cef;ud k r_rifEd li fawmhbl;? 'gayr<fh udpPr@S dygbl;? tck uÈefrtwGuf acsmif;junfhwmxufyd kaumif;wmudk awGhae_yDav?

bom;acsmuvnf; uÈefr7J h' Dvd kta_ymrs d K ;ud k wrifapmif h7if;v D ;u d k aum h _ y D ;q G ay ; aewm xi fy g 7 J h ? uÈe f r7 J h pum ;q H k ;wme J haqmif h _y D; vd k;awmhwmygyJ?

Þ bGyfbGyfbGyf- -bGyfbkbGyfbGyf- - ß

Þ tif h[if h[if h- -td k- -bGyfbGyf- -tm; tif h- -bGyfbGyf- -

141

aumif;w<f- -bGyf tm;- -bGyfbGyf- - ß

uÈefrapmufywfxJu t7nfjunfawG t7rf;xGufaewmqdkawmhp _y D ;aqmi f hw<fqd kwme J h toHawGtr s d K ;r s d K ; _rn fvmawm hwmy gy J ?olaqmifhvd k;yH kuvnf; aumif;w<f? enf;vrf;rSefw<f? wtm;juD;awmhraqmif hao;bl;? cyfrSe fr Se f wcsufcsif;aqmif hvd k ;wm?

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tJ olh'pf_yJvefjuD;uvnf; uÈefr7J hom;tdrfud k eif hueJaeatmifxd k ;xdrdae_yefw<f? uÈefrtzd k hawmh tonf;wkeftl kwkefatmif umrt7omawG hae7ygw<f? wcs de fwnf;r Smy J apmufywfa7mzifaygufyg

142

w_ydKi feufwnf; tvdk;cHaeovdkrs d K ;awmif _zpfaew<f?

cyfr Se fr Se f wcsufcsi f ;aqmif hae7muae ol haqmif hcsufawGuy d k _yi f ;vmw<f? y d kvnf ; jur f ;vmw<f? umrpy f< Su fw J htc gz Dvify d kwufvmav yd k _y D ;jurf;jurf;wrf;wrf;vky fvmwm yd kvd kvm;ESpfoufvmav r[kwfvm;? uÈefrtzd k h yd kz Dvif7wmayg h? jurf;wmud kbmrSa_ymraeygawmhbl;? aqmifhcsufu jurf;vm7if;u bmpdwful;aygufoGm;w<frodbl;? uÈefrud kvd k ;aewJ hvlu uÈefr7J hzifaygufxJ wd k;0if_yefxGuf_zpfaewJ h bd ki fba7wmudk qG J _zKwfypfvd kufw<f?

Þ @SvGwf_yGwfbGyfbGyf- - ß

uÈefrem;xJrSm rwd k;rus<ftoHav;awG jum;vd kuf7ygw<f?uÈefrzifaygufxJu bdki fba7wmuÈwfxGufoGm;vd k h _rnfwJ htoHawGygyJ? ZdrfawG haewJ hzifayguf[mvnf; w[[eJh uÈefrvnf; rcsif hr7J_zpfoGm;7ygw<f?

Þ td k- -tJ'gud k qG JrxkwfeJ h? xd k;xnfhxm;prf;yg- - ß

uÈefryg;pyfu uref;uwef;xkwfa_ymvd kufrdw<f?

tJ'Dtcs de fr SmyJ- - -?

Þ bGyf AspfAspf- - ß

Þ tm;;- -tr<fav;- -tm; tm; ß

143

a_ymvnf; ra_ymcsifawmhygbl;@Si f?

uÈe fr ure f ;uwef ;a _ymvd ku fwJ htcs de fr Smy J tJ' Die Jom;uuÈefrapmufywfxJu olhvD;juD;ud kqG Jxkwf_yD; bd ki fba7wmuÈwfxGufoGm;vd k h tmwmwm _yJwJwJav;_zpfusefcJ hwJ h uÈefr7J hptd kaygufxJud kcsufcsi f ;a_ymif ; _y D ; zduyfvd k ;aqmif hoGi f ;vd kufygw<f? cyf_znf;_znf;oGif;wmawmif r[kwfbl;? tm;_yif;_yif;e J h cyfjurf;jurf;xd k ;oGif;vd kufwm?

apmufywfud k t_ywfwG<faewke f ;r[kwfvm;? ol hvD;juD;r SmuÈefr7J hapmuf7nfjunfawG t7rf;ud kp d k@ $ Jaewmayg h? qDokwfxm;wmxufawmif yd kacsmaewmav? _yD;awmhvnf; uÈefrzifaygufuvnf;bdkifba7wmeJhxd k;uvdxm;wmqdkawmh t0ifvrf;ajumif;yGif haew<fav?'DawmhvD;acsmif;juD;[m ptd kaygufxJud k av#mueJwd k;0ifvmawmhwmygyJ@ Si f?

t0ifacsmayr<fh uÈefrcHvd kuf7wJ hc Hcsufuawmh roufomvSygbl;? tvd k ;c Hz l ; _y D ;om uÈefrapmufywfawmif ol hvD;acsmif ;juD;e J ht Hud ku fzp fqd ku fwi f ; juy fwp fqd k haewmqd kawm h rc Hz l ;ao;wJ hzi fx Jxd k ;oGif;wJ htcg t7rf;ud kemwmayg h? uÈefr_zif h zifaygufuG J _y JxGufoGm;_y Dvm;vd k hawmi f xifvd ku fr dy g7 J h ? 'gajumi f h uÈe fryg ;py fuaeatmf[pfvd kufrdygw<f? uÈefr7J hatmfoHud k wbufcef;u 7efyd ki fp d k ;e J hrusif[kefwd k hp H kwG J jum;oGm;7if _y\emyJvd k hawG;rd_y D; csufcsif;vd kvd ky Jy g ;py fu d k _ye fy dw fvd ku fy gw<f? judwfr S dw f _y D ;awm h toHwdwfy J

144

nnf;ae7wmayg h?

uÈefr[m zifvd k ;rcHzl;ygbl;? 'gayr<fh zifaygufud kawmh uvdzl;ygw<f? _yD;awmh apmapmuav;wifyJ 7efyd ki fp d k ;u rusif[kefud kzifvd k ;c Hz d k h a_ymqd kaewmawGud kem;axmif7if; zifcHjunfhcsifwJ htmoDouvnf; @S daecJ hw<fav? 'gajumif h xifyg7J h?

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uÈefrudk tacsmif0ifvdk;wJhvluvnf; tawmfav;udk tvdkufodygw<f? zifxJvD;juD;u tqHk;r0ifao;ygbl;? uÈefrpdwfxif w0ufausmfausmfavmufyJ 0ifvdrf htke f ;r<f? olu tqHk;r0ifao;ayr<fhvD;ud kquf_yD; zdroGif;ao;bl;? uÈefratmfvd kufrdwmajumif h t7rf;emoGm;wmudkvnf; 7dyfrdygw<f? 0ifaeor#tyd ki f;ud kyJ tompdrfxm;7if;uÈefrzifqH ktdtdjuD;ud k vufeJ htomyGwfoyfay;w<f? zspf!Spfay;w<f?o dy ftemjuD ;awm h r[kwfb l ; ? wcgwcg ay gi f jum;vufv# d K _y D ;apmufywfES d Kufvd kufao;w<f? uÈefr7J hapmufywf[m olvd k;xm;7ufpwe f ;ve f ;r d k h t7nfjunfawG@ $r f ;@ $r f ;p d k aew<f? tJ' gud k r@ G Hr@ Smud ki fwG<fyGwfoyfw<f? aigufawmufav;axmifaewJhapmufaphud kvnf;vufreJ hz dy Gwfw<f@Sif?

145

Þ td k [if h[if h- -[if;- -td ktd k- -[if h[if h[if h ß

uÈefrwud k<fvH k ; qwfqwfud kwke faewmyJ? emwmud kvnf;ta7;rvkyfE d li fawmhbl;? zifvd k ;c Hcsi fwJ hp dwfuvnf; t7rf;ud k _yi f ; _yaew<f? uÈefr7J hc Hpm;csufud k _ywJ htaeeJ h zifjuD;ud kvS Ky f _y D ;aumhay;vd kufrdygw<f?

Þ oGif;av- -qufoGif;- - ß

yg;pyfuvnf; cyfwd k ;wd k ;a_ymrdw<f?

olu uÈe fr7 J hapmufywfud kE S d Kufae7mu vufud k _ye f@ ky f _y D ;zifqH kjuD;ud k vufESpfbufeJ h cyfwif;wif;qkyfud ki fw<f? vD;ud kz doGif;awm hr<fqd kwm uÈe frodw<fav? 'gajumi f h toufatmi f h _y D ;t Hu d k ju dwfxm;vd k fu fr dw<f? uÈe frxi fxm;wJ htwd ki f ;y gy J ? oluvD;juD;ud k zdxd k ;oGif;vd kufygw<f?

Þ Aspf Aspf bGyf ß

vD;acsmif;juD;u uÈefrzifaygufxJ xyf_yD;wd k ;0ifvm_yefw<f?

Þ tm;- -uÈwfuÈwf- -emw<f emw<f a_z;a_z;- - ß

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146

pH kwG J rjum;Ed li fatmif cyfwd k ;wd k ;yg? uÈefrud kzifvd k ;aewJ ha<mufsm;uawmh jum;Ed li fygw<f?

_yD;awmh tawmfav;awmh qef;w<f@Sif? vD;u zifaygufxJxdk;oGif;wm_zpfayr<fh bmajumifhrSef;rodbl;? uÈefrapmufywfxJrSmvnf;tawmfud kt7om@S daew<f? Ø_yD;× vkvkawmif _zpfvm7_yD? zifvd k ;c Hae7 _y D ; apmufywfr S my g t7omawG haewmuawm h tqe f ;om;ayg haemf?

Þ c^av;atmif hc Hyg q7mr7<f? vD;w0uf0ifaeyg_yD? ß

uÈe frud k zi fvd k ;aewJ hvlu a_ymw<f? ud k<f hud kvd k ;aewJ ha<mufsm;7J htoHud k yxrqHk;jum;7wmygyJ? uÈefrud k Øq7mr× vdk hoH k ;E S Ke f ;ac:qd kwmud kaxmuf7if ausmif;u wa<mufa<mufyJ_zpfrSmaocsmy gw<f? uÈe frud kvnf ; odaey H ky gy J ? b<folr sm ; _zp frvJ?q7mxJuvm;? ausmif;om;xJuvm;? rsufESmod_zpfaervm;? 'Dvd kawG;rd_yD; olb<folvJqdkwm todtusodcsifwmajumif h aemufvSnfh_yD;junf hr<ftvky fr S m oluvD ;u d k qufz dx d k ;o Gi f ;v d ku fwmajumi f huÈefrrSm aemufvSnf hrjunfhEd li fawmhyJ zifaygufxJvD;juD;wd k ;0ifvmwJh'^fud k rcs drqef hjudwfrS dwf_yD; cHae7ygawmhw<f? emwmu t7rf;yJ?ptd k0[m usde f ;pyfaewmyJ? zifacgi f ;xJr Smawmh a_ymraeyge J hawmh?t7rf;emayr<fh uÈefr ratmf7Jbl;? 'gajumif h tHud kwif;wif;judwf|atmufE S Kwfcr f ;ud k ud kuf _y D ; judwfr S dw fc Hae7w<f? rsufp dvnf;rzGif hE d li fawmhbl;?

vD;acsmif;juD;u uÈefrzifaygufxJud k twif;ud kwd k ;azguf0ifvmygw<f? zifaygufuusOf;usOf;| vD;acsmif;uxGm;xGm; rqef hr_yK_zpfaeayr<f h xdy fy d ki f ;0i fae_y Dqd kawmh wcsufz dc svd kufwd ki f ; vD;juD;u

147

zifaygufxJ wpfwpf_yD;yd k0ifvmygw<f?

yd k0ifvmwmeJ htr# uÈefrtzd k h cHpm;7wJhemjuifrS Ka0'emuvnf;yd ky d k _yif;_yvmygw<f? tHjudwf_yD;awmif rcHEd li fawmhbl;? 'gajumif hnmvuf0g;e J h ud k<f hy g ;py fud k<ftwif;y dwfxm;w<f? emwmajumif hpdwf@S dvuf@S dtoHukefatmfypfvd kufcsifayr<fh ta_ctaet7 toHrxGufatmif twif;vkyfae7ygw<f?

'Davmuf emjuifrSK_yif;_yif;xefxefcHpm;ae7wJhjum;u uÈefravwcsD Ø_yD;× cJ h7ygw<f? apmufywfxJut7nfawG trsm;juD;xGufw<f?uÈefr[m vif@S dr<m;yg? uÈefra<mufsm;oabFmom;eJ h umrpyf<SufjuwJ htcgawGr Sm Ø_y D ; × z l ;y gw<f? Ø_y D ; ×7i f apmuf7nfjunfawGxH k;p Htwdki f;xGufvmcJ hwmygyJ? 'gayr<fh tckwcg Ø_yD;× oavmufapmuf7nfjunfawG rsm;rsm;rxGufbl;? a_ym7r<fqd k7if tckuÈefrapmuf7nfjunfawGxGufwmu rsm;r Srsm;y J? wd ki fuDa7v# Husovm;vd k hawmif xif7w<f? _yD;awmh <cktcs de fr Sm uÈefrtzkwf[mvnf;onftwdki f; [mvm[if;vif;? apmufywfxJvD;xd k ;oGif;xm;wmvnf;r@S dbl;? bd ki fba7wma7m 7mbmvD;weftwkjuD;wd k h wpfvpf_zpfaewmvnf; r@S dbl;?

' l l ;w kw fzi f axmi f _y D ; zi fv d k ; c H aewmqd k awm h tz kw f[m_y JwJwJvnf; _zp faew<f? tqd k hty dwfvnf; wckr Sr@ S dwmqd kawmhrjuH Kpz l ;r sm; _ym;atmifud k <k dp dr f hxGufaewJ hapmuf7nfjunfawG[mapmufywfxJuae 'va[matmufud k <kdpD;usaewmayg h? a7bHkbd ki fu a7pufusovd kr s d K ;y J wawmufawmufe J h< k d p dr f hu saejuwm?wcs d K hvnf; uÈefraygifvH k ;juD;awGwav#muf a7pD;ajumif;vd k <d kp D;

148

usaeav7Jh?

zifxJvD;xd k ;oGif;vd k h t7rf;emwm7<f? rjuHKpzl;xl;xl;_cm;_cm;Ø_yD;×vd k h aumif;wmawG[m a7maESm_yD; uÈefr[m b<fvd kpnf;pdr frs d K ;awG hr Se f;awmif rodEd li favmufwJ h xl;_cm;wJ humrt7omudk cHpm;ae7ygw<f?

uÈefrav emjuif7wJhzifvd k ;c Hae7rSKud kawmif t_ywfrufarmcH krifoGm;yg_yD? wcsD Ø_yD;× oGm;ayr<fh uÈefr7J h7rufqENawGuawmh_i dr froGm;ao;bl ;? av#m hy g ;roGm;bl ;? y d kvd k hawmi f xef _yi f ;vmygao;w<f?

uÈefr wcsDØ_yD;×oGm;wJhtcgrSmyJ olhvD;acsmif;juD;wckvHk; zifxJudktqHk;0ifvmygawmhw<f? juD;vd kufwJ h[mjuD;@Si f? zifxJrSm juyfodyfaewmyJ? ptd kqd kwmvnf; uGJxGufvkrwwfud k @S daerSmyg? usde f;pyfatmif haew<f?

Þ zifxJ vD;tqHk;0ifoGm;_yDvm; q7mr- - ß

olu a@S hud ktomudki f;7if; uÈefrem;@Gufem;uyf_yD; cyfwd k ;wd k ;a_ymw<f? vufwbufuawmh cs d Ki f ;atmufv# d K0ifvm_yD; uÈefr7J hb<fbufEd k htH kjuD;ud k qkyfud ki fw<f?

149

Þ tif;- - ß

uÈefrvnf; cyfwdk;wd k;nnf;!l_yD; wHk h _yefvdkufrdw<f? oleJ huÈefryxrqHk;tjudrf pum;tcsDtcsa_ymqdkjuwmyJ qdkjuygpd k h? udk<fhzifacgif;aygufxJ vD;juD;wacsmif;vH k ;xd k ;oGm;xm;wJ h b<folb<f0grSe f;rodwJ ha<mufsm;wa<mufeJ h pum;tcs Dtcsa_ymqd k7wmajumif h uÈefrvnf;enf;enf;awmh @S de f ;wdef;wdef;_zpfaew<f? 'gvnf; t7omwrsd K;vd k hqd k7rvm;?

Þ aqmif hvd k ;csifw<f q7mr? _zpfrvm; ß

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'gayr<fh uÈefru rdef;rom;? _yD;awmh ausmif;q7mrwa<muf?b<folb<f0grSe f; aoaocsmcsmawmifrod7ao;wJh wpdrf;a<mufsm;

150

wa<mufud k zi faqmi f hv d k ;ay ;z d k h y g ;py fuxkwfa _ym7r Smuawm hcy fcufcufy J ? 'gajumi f h uÈe fru yg;py fu bmrS _ye fra_ymbl ;?tJ- -uÈefr7J hzifacgif;uawmh txJwd k;0ifaewJh olhvD;acsmif;juD;ud k!Spf!Spf_yD;qGJaeav7Jh? tJ'g uÈefruvkyfwm r[kwfbl;aemf? olhbmomol(aoG;om;vS H K haqmfrS Kajumif h xifyg7J h) ptd kjuGufom;awGu tvdkvd kvSKyf@ Sm;_yD; vkyfaewm?

oluvnf; ar;wmar;wmyg? uÈefr7J hta_zud k rapmif hygbl;?ar;_yD;wmeJ h ol hvD;ud k pwifvSKyf@ Sm;ygawmhw<f? tif;- -ppcsif;awmhtm;_yif;_yif;e J h raqmif hao;ygbl;? zifxJtqHk;0ifaewJh olhvD;juD;ud ktoma@S hwd k ;aemufqkwfvkyfw<f? uÈefrzifaygufxJ vD;xd k ;oGif;vd kuf|_yefxkwfvd kufeJ h a!Smif haewmaygh? juyfaeayr<fh olu toGif;txkwfawmfawmfav;uÈrf;uÈrf;usifusif@ S dwmajumif h uÈefrtzd k h emayr<fht7omvnf; @S daeygw<f? temcH7usd K;eyfatmifud k t7omawGhwmyg?

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151

uÈefrtzd k hr Smawmh olu cyfoGufoGufaqmif hvd k ;av| zifxJtDpdrf hemjuif_yD; t7omyd kawG hav _zpfaeygw<f? 7efyd ki fp d k ; qG<fw7m;a[mc J hw J hpum;awG r Se fvd ku fav_ci f ;@ Si f ? zi fvd k ;c H7wJ ht7om[mapmufywftvdk;cH7wJ ht7omxuf yd k _y D;aumif;w<f?

apmufywftvdk;cH7wm[m tcsdefjumvmwJh apmuf7nfjunfawGpd k@ $ Jvm7if vD;t0iftxGuf pD;pD;yd ki fyd ki fr@S dvSawmhyg? vdk;wJ ha<mufsm;utm;ukefarmif;wif_yD; wtm;aqmif hE d li fr S t7om@S dwmyg? om;tdrfud k'pfzsm;eJ hxd k ;axmufrdwJ htcg| apmufaphud k vD;eJ hxduyfyGwfrdwJ htcgrs d K ;awGusr Som wke fwcd kufc d kuf _zp fatmif t7komawG hwwfwmuvm;?t J- -tc k zi fv d k ;c H7wmuawm h tJ' Dv d kr s d K ;r[ kw fawm hb l ;@ Si f ?tpyd ki f ;r Smemoavmuf aemufyd ki f ;r Sm emwmudky J t7om_zpf7w<f?_yD;awmh vD;uzifxJrSmtjuyftodyf_zpfaewmuvnf; avsmhroGm;bl;?zifxJuvnf; t7nfjunfawG xGufygw<f? 'gayr<fh apmufywfxJuxGufwmavmuf trsm;juD;r[kwfwmajumif h vD;u zifaygufxJrSmt_ywfu d kp D ;p D ;y d k i fy d k i f juy f juy fo dy fo dy f@ S d aewmy g ? zi fay gu fe J hvD;wacsmif;vH k ; xdawGhr S Kt7omudk weif hwyd k ;juD;ud k cHpm;7wmyg?

uÈefrudk zifaqmfaewJhieJuvnf; tvdk;taqmifhuÈrf;usifvSwmqdkawmh uÈefrtzdk h odyfudkaumif;aeawmhwmaygh? t7omawG @S d_yD;7if;@S d_zpfae7wmaygh? t7omaumif;vGef;vSwmajumifh zifjuD;udk aumhaumhyif h_yD;vSKyf@Sm;ay;rdygw<f? tJ'DtcgrSm zifaygufxJudk vD;ut0iftxGufyd kaumif;yd k _refvmw<f? oluvnf; uÈefrcHEd li f _y Dr Se f ; odoGm;wJ htwGufcyfjurf;jurf;aqmif hvmw<f? zifaygufxJvD;acsmif;juD; t0iftxGufrSmwbkbkwbGyfbGyftoHawGuvnf; _rnfvd k h ? toHawGu odyfawmhrus<fvSygbl;? av;bufukef;_yD; zifvd k;cHaewJhuÈefr jum;Ed li f@k Havmuf

152

ygyJ? tJ- -uÈefrud k zifaqmfaewJhvlvnf; jum;Ed li fwmayg h?

zifudkvnf; tvdk;cH7| zifvdk;aewJhtoHawGudkvnf; jum;ae7awmhyd k _y D;z Dvifvmwmayg h? _yD;awmh tm;remwrf;zifvd k ;aewm b<folrSe f;wdusaocsmpGm rod7wmuvnf; zDvifwrsdK;yJ? tJ'DvdkzDvif<lcsifaewmajumif h uÈefr[m aemufud kacgif;i J h _y D; rjunfhao;ygbl;?

Þ bGyfbk- -bGyfbGyfbk- - ß

Þ tm; [if h[if h- -td k- -bGyfbGyf- -tm;yg;yg;- -bkbGyf ß

aqmi f hc sufawGuvnf; _re f _y D ; jurf ;vmw<f? tcktcgr SmuÈefr[m olb<favmufjurf;jurf; cHEd li faeyg_yD? uÈefrav cg;EG J hzi f<r f ;v ky fay ;@ k Hwi fr[ kw fawm hb l ; ? a _caxmuftm;u d ky go H k ; _y D ;wi fy g ; ju D ;u d k txufatmuf wqwfqwfvS Ky fay;wmrs d K ;awmi fvkyfay;rdw<f? 'Dvd kvkyfay;wmajumif hvnf; olvnf; t7omtawmfawG hoGm;wJ hy H kygy J? w@SL;@ SL;e J h touf@SLoH_yif;vmwmud k jum;ae7w<f? aqmif htm;vnf; yd kjurf;yd k _yif;vmw<f?

wcgr Smawmh ol huvD;ud k tqH k ;wd ki fuÈwfvkvkqG Jxkwf _y D ;wtm;aumhyif h _yefaqmif hw<f? vD;wefjuD;u zifaygufxJ w[kefxd k;ud kwd k ;0ifvmwm? atmif h _y D;emoGm;ayr<fh t7omuvnf; t7rf;aumif;wmajumif h uÈefr[m touf@SLrSm;oGm;7ygw<f?

Þ bGyf- -tm; [if h[if h ß

153

Þ zifacgif;ud k yG@S H K hy G@ S H K hvkyfay; ß

zifaqmfaewJhvlu a_ymw<f? uÈefr7J h nmbufzifom;_crf;juD;ud kvnf; vufeJ hud ki f!Spfw<f? olcd ki f ;ovdk uÈefruvnf; rvkyfwwfvkyfwwfeJ h zifud k@ S H K h@ S H K hay;vd kufygw<f? p_rnf;wH k ;wpfae7if !SpfwJ ht!Spfrs d K ;yg?

Þ tm;yg;yg;- -aumif;vd kufwm q7mr7<f ß

ol hyg;pyfu zGif h[vmwJh pum;yg? oltawmf t7omawGhrSmaocsmygw<f? uÈefrvnf; zDvifyd kvmwmajumif h quf_yD;zif0ud k@ S H K h@ S H K hay;r dw<f? olu apmapmuvdky J vD;ud kuÈwfvkvkqG Jxkwf_y D ;tm;_yif;_yif;e J h _yefaqmif hw<f? zif0ud k @S H K hxm;wJ htcs de fe J hwd kufqd ki faewmajumif h yd kwif ;juyfp D ;y d ki f _y D ; yd kemw<f? tJ- -t7omvnf;yd k@ S dw<f? olu aqmif hoGi f;vd kufwJ hvD;acsmif;juD;ud k _yefqG Jrxkwfawmhbl;? t7if;wd ki f zduyfxd k ;oGif;xm;w<f? uÈefr7J hnmbufzifom;_crf;juD;ud k yd k _y D; cyfwif;wif;zspf!Spfw<f? uÈefr7J h b<fbufEd k hjuD;ud kvnf; usefvufwbufeJ hvSrf;_yD; qkyfe<fw<f? zifa7mEd k ha7m_ydKi fwloH k;w<f? olhvD;juD;uawmh zifacgif;xJtqHk;0ifvd k h? uÈefrvnf;zifacgif;ud k@ S H K h _y D; txJ0ifaewJhol hvD;ud k t_ywfud k!Spf<lay;aerdw<f?uÈe fru d k zi faqm faewJ ho lu wqwfqwfe J hw ke fv S Ky fo Gm ;wmud kuÈefrod7w<f? _yD;awmh uÈefru zifacgif;e J h!Spf<laewJol hvD;wefjuD;u waig haig hvSKy fvm_yD; okwf7nfawG yspfueJysp fueJyef;xGufvmjuygava7m?

Þ trav;av;- -aumif;vd kufwm- -aumif;vd kufwm- -

154

tm;yg;yg;- -aumif;w<f- -aumif;w<f ß

ylaEG;yspfcÈ JwJ hokwf7nfawG uÈefrzifacgif;aygufxJrSm _ynfhv#Hvd k hoGm;ygawmhw<f? uÈefrwudk<fvH k ; "gwfvd kufcH7ovdk xd k;xd k ;xGef hxGef hvSKyfygw<f? apmufywfxJuvnf; apmuf7nfjunfawG awmufawmuf<d kufusatmifud k xGufvmw<f? uÈefrav Ø_yD;× oGm;7_yefw<f?@k d ;@ k d ; _y D;wmawmif r[kwfbl;? ESpfcgqufwd kuf Ø_yD;× wm? apmapmyd ki f ;wkef;u Ø_yD;× cJ hwmawGxuf yd kjurf;w<f? yd kvnf; t7om@S dw<f?

uÈefrwudk<fvH k ;vnf; EH k ;cs dovd k _zpfvmw<f? 'l;awGawmifrck di fcsi fawmhbl;? 'gayr<fh ol hvD;juD;u zifaygufxJwpfvpf@S daeao;wmajumifh uÈefrvnf; arm[kdufEGrf;vswJhjum;u tm;wif;_yD; zifqufukef;ay;xm;ygw<f? olvnf; t_ywfzDvif<lEd li fatmifyg? okwf7nfawGyef;xkwfay;_yD;wJ haemuf olu tomaemufud kqkwfw<f? uÈefrEd k he J hzifawGud kud ki fxm;wJ hvufawGud kvnf; v$wfvd kufw<f? olhvD;uuÈefrzifaygufxJu uÈwfxGufw<f? uÈefrem;xJrSm vD;uÈwfxGufoGm;wJ htoH Ø_yGwfbkbk× qdkwmudk cyfoJ hoJ hjum;7w<f?

zi fxJuvD; _yKwfxGufoGm;wJ htcg uÈe frvnf; wif;xm;wJ hp dwf" gwfud kav#m hc s _y D ; jurf ; _yi fay:r Sm ' l ;wkwfxd ki fv#ufom;av;usoGm;atmif vkyfvd k fuw<f? wudk<fvH k;vS Jcs_yD; tdyfypfvd kufcsifwm?ayukefr Smpd k ;vd k hom tomxdef; _y D ;' l ;wkwf_y D;0yfv#ufom; tdyfwJ htaetxm;rs d K ; _zp fatmi f vky fvd kuf7w<f? t7rf ;ud k armaew<f@ Si f ?touf@SLawmif rrSefcsifbl;? 'gayr<fh t7omu t7rf;ud kaumif;cJ hwmqdkawmh arm7usd K; aumif;aumif;juD;eyfygw<fav?

155

a':wifrm0if;onf tcef;eH7Hem;wGif 'l;wkwfum0yfv#ufom;av;@S daeonf? a@S hbufwGif vufESpfbufud k wckay:wckauG;uyfv#ufx d kvu f a y :w G i f a c g i f ;u d kwi fumxm ;on f ? ap m a p my d k i f ;uwarhwarmjuD;cHpm;cJ h7aom umrpnf;pdrft7omudkvnf; rarhEd li fawmhatmif @S daeonf? t7omawGhatmif vkyfaqmifay;Ed li faomajumif hrdrdud ktacsmif0ifaqmfcJ haom trnfroda<mufsm;ud k pdwfxJrSyifjudwfIaus;Zl;wifaerdonf? tu<fIom aemufodk htomacgif;iJ hjunfhvdkufv#ifrnfolrnf0g_zpfonfud k aoaocsmcsmodEd li fayrnf? 'gayr<fh q7mra':wifrm0if;u vSnf hrjunfhyg?

o l r tw G u f r n f o l r n f 0 g _ z p f a j u m i f ; o d z d k h x u fx d ko l>tvd k ;taqmi f h a jumi f h 7@ S d c H pm ;c J h 7aom umrt7omuydkIta7;ygonf? 'gajumifhvnf; xkdoltcef;xJuxGufcGmoGm;rS rdrdvnf;tomx_ye frnf[laomp dw ful ; _zi f h atmufbuf' l ;E Sp fc ku d kauG ;um'l;wkwf0yfv#ufom; tomav;_idrfIaevdkufavonf? apmufywfa7mzifygy< fy< fe< fe< fv d k ; c J h _ y D ; _ y D r d k h x d ko lon f tomyi f ' d k i fv # d KumxGufoGm;vdr h frnf? onftcef ;xJr Smjumjumaep7m tajumif ;r@ S d ?r dr dE Si f hvnf; a@S hZmwfvrf;quf@Snfaep7mrvd kawmh[k a':wifrm0if;uwGufonf?

'gayr<fh a':wifrm0if;wGufovdk r[kwfyg?

ode f;atmifausmfonf q7mra':wifrm0if;ud k t_ywfvd k ;c J h7aomfvnf; onfavmufESif hZmwfvrf;rowfvdk? 7efyd kifpd k;xHrS rusif[kefudk@ S<f<mcG Jum rdrduyg0ifvd k;ovdk rar#mfvif hyJta_ctaezefwD;rS Kajumif h

156

rdrdu tyd ki fvd k ;E d li fc J haom q7mra':wifrm0if;ud kvnf; 7efyd ki fp d k ;tm;@S<f<mcG Jay;zd k h pdwful;@S donf?

rdrdenf;wl 7efyd ki fp d k ;vnf; q7mra':wifrm0if;ud k wyfrufumvdk;csifaeajumif; odef;atmifausmfodonf? abmf'gcsif; ta0r#7ayrnf?xd kajumi f ho de f ;atmi fausm fonf y<fy<fe<fe<fvd k ; _y D ;aom fvnf ;tcef;xJrS xGufroGm;? cÈwfcsxm;aomt0wfrsm;ud k _yef0wfvd kufonf?odef;atmifausmfrSmvnf; 7efyd ki fp d k ;enf;wl onfaehwGiftcÈwf7vG<fulap7ef ykqd k;wxnfESif h pyd k h@ Sy fwd k hud kom 0wfxm;onf? t0wftpm;rsm;_ye f0wf _y D ;aemuf ode f ;atmi fausm fonf ' l ;wkwfum0wfv#ufom;_idr foufpGm@S daeavaom a':wifrm0if;> b@k dudwfausmif;pdr f;xrDud kqwfueJqG JcÈwf<lvd kufonf? apmapmu vdk;xm;cJ hr S Kajumif h xrDuuspfuspfvpfvpfr@S dy J avsmhwdavsmh7J _zpfae7m tvG<fyif uÈwfIygvmonf? tom_idrfIaeaoma':wifrm0if;rSm @kwfw7ufxrDqGJtcÈwfcH7aomajumif h 7ifxJ xdwfueJ_zpfonf? vufESpfbufay:acgif;wifxm;7mrS tvdktav#mufyif armhumjunhfvd kufrdonf?

olrab;em;wGi f7y faeaom ode f ;atmi fausm fud kawG h7awmhr Sq7mra':wifrm0if ;r Sm tjuD;tus<fp dwfvS Ky f@ Sm;um ylxlz de f ;@ S de f ;oGm;onf? rsufESmvnf; b<fvd kxm;7rSe f; rodawmh? rdrdud ktacsmif0i fwG<folr Sm ode f ;atmifausm f _zp fr Se f ;ud kvnf; em;vnfvd kufonf?@ Su fvd ku fwm ra_ymygE Si f hawm h ? r dr d>zi fay:E d k h ay:@ S daey H kajumi f ha':wifrm0if;rSm csufcsif;yif 0yfae7mrScke fxonf? puyfud k zH k ;z H k ;z dz dvkyfonf? vSefwifxm;aom t0wftpm;rsm;ud kvnf; _yefqG Jcsonf?vSefwifxm;aom b7mpD<m7ifbH kE Si f h@ Si fr D;wd k hud k trSm;rSm;qG Jcsaerd7mudk<fhbmomudk<f@SKyfIaeavonf? tcsdefvnf;yd kjumonf? xdktcsdefwGif

157

odef;atmifausmufu b@k dudwfxrDud k tomyifacgufI_yD;oGm;onf?

ode f ;atmifausm fu a':wifrm0if ;>tay:0wftus ôud k vSr f ;qG JcÈwf

<lvd kuf_yefonf? a':wifrm0if;rSm b7mpD<mESif h@ Si fr D;wd kud k _yefcszH k ;z d

_y D;_zpfaomfvnf; tay:tusô>us<foD;rsm;ud kawmh _yefrwyf7ao;yg?

xdk h_yif t7rf;pdwfvSKyf@Sm;@Sufajumufaecsdefvnf;_zpf7m tidkufrdcH7ovdkrsdK;

ta_ctaewGif@S donf? apmapmuxrDcÈwf7wmavmuf rvG<faomfvnf;

odef;atmifausmfu tay:0wftusôud k t7cÈwf<lEd li favonf?

q7mra':wifrm0if;rSm atmufcHpuyfuav;| b7mpD<mESif h

@ Si fr D ;tus ô | twGi f ;c Ht0wftpm;r sm ;E Si f hom @ S do Gm ;avawmhonf?

t7rf;vnf; @Sufajumuf7ifzd kaeonf?

Þ 'Dtcef;xJrSm apmif hae? q7mrtwGuf taz:wa<muf

uÈefawmfv$wfvd kufr<f? at;at;aq;aq;ayg hq7mr7m aemf ß

158

odef;atmifausmfu cyfat;at;a_ymvd kufonf?

q7mra':wifrm0if;> nmbufEd k htH k juD;ud k cyfememwcsufqwfueJud ki f!Spfonf? wifyg;jud;ud kvnf; cyfqwfqwfwcsufykwfonf? _yD;awmh a':wifrm0if;xHrS cÈwf<lxm;aomxrDESif htay:0wftusôwdkhudkvufwGifudkifum pmjunfhwdkuftcef;xJrS t_yifodkhxGufoGm;avonf?

wwd<ydkif;ar#mfyg ?

159

Þ q7mrav;7<f wynfhrav;7<f(3) ß

yxrwef;(u) pmoifcef;xJwGi f 7efy d ki fp d k ;onf ol h7nf;pm;

w@kwfu_ym;rav; rusif[ke fud k 'kwd<tcs Dxyfr Hz d kufE d li f7eftwGuf

tpys d K ;onfhtae_zif h nmbufyg;_yifav;ud k @$wfueJ_rnfatmif erf;@S Ky f

vd kufonf? aumifrav;>rsufESmwGif@SufaoG;_zmum eD_ref;oGm;onf?

apmapmav;uyif wcsDwarmif; vlcsif;7if;ES D ;p Gm vdk;c J haqmfcJ h _y D;_zpf

aomfvnf; touf(15)ESpfomom (16)ESpfcefhom@Sdao;onfrdk h @Sufajumuf

pdwfawGuvnf; @S dygonf? 7efy d ki fp d k ;u yg;ud ker f ;7i f ; Ed k hwckud kyg

ud ki fprf;onf? rusif[kefr Sm qwfueJwkefoGm;7avonf?

aumifrav;0wfxm;aom ausmif;pdr f;puyf@Snfud kvnf; tom

qGJvSefwifonf? xd ktcg ay:vmaomaygifwef_zL_zLwkwfwkwfjuD;rsm;

ay:od k h rdrd>aygifwbufud k tomcGcs dwfwifonf? apmapmu vdk;c J h

jupOfu cÈwfypfxm;cJ haomajumif h rusif[kefwGif twGif;c Habmif;bD

r@S dawmhyg? aumifrav;onf puyfpud kqG Jud ki fum aygif7if;c Gjum;wGif

zH k ;zH k ;zdzdvkyfxm;aomajumif h tzkwfuawmh ray:ao;? 7efyd ki fpd k ;uvnf;

xd kod k hqG Jz dz H k ;xm;rS Kud k z<f@Sm;_cif ;r_yKao;yg? tyd ki ftEd li fvd k ; _y D ; _y Dr d k h

r dr dtae_zif h tcs de fra@G;qG Jz<fum apmufywfjuD;ay:wif_zpfvmatmif

vkyfEd li fajumif;ud k 7efyd ki fp d k ;odonf?

160

7efyd ki fp d k ;uawmh ykqd k;_yefr0wf7ao;aomajumif h atmufyd ki f ;

yvmusif;aeonf? apmapmu rusif[kefud kvd k ;c J h7mwGif rusif[kefom

qufwdkuf Ø_yD;× cJhv#uf 7efyd kifpd k;uawmh okwf7nfrxGufao;aomajumifh

o l hv D ; ju D ;u awmi frw fIaeonf ? ay gi fu d k c G c s dw fxm ;aomtc g

awmifrwfaeaomvD;acsmif;juD;u rusif[kef>wifyg;udk xdaxmufrdonf?

y laE G ;aE G ; vH k ;wH k ;wH k ;vD ;juD;>xdawG hr S Konf w@kwfu_ym;rav;ud k

7ifyd kc ke fvmaponf? apmapmuaumif;cJ honfht7omrsm;uvnf; pG Jruf

wrf;wzG<f7m @S dvSonfr[kwfygvm;? 7efyd ki fp d k ;r Smvnf; 7nf;pm;>

EkxGwfwif;rmaomEd k htH kud k qkyfe<fud ki fprf;7if; pdwfawGEd k ;xaeonf?

7efy d ki fp d k ;onf rusif[ke fud k cyfwif;wif;ayG hzufum cyfjurf;jurf;

p ky fer f ;onf? ol hvufrsm;u 7nf;pm;>tom;qd ki frsm;ud k qky fud ki f

y Gwfoyfaeonf? wudk<fvH k;tEH S haomif;usef;Iaeonf?

Þ td k- -[if h[if h- -udkud k7m- -td k junfhygvm;vd k h [if h ß

aygif7if;cGqHkwGif zH k;zdxm;aompuyfpudkqGJz<fum apmufywfudk

prf;vd kufaomtcg rusif[kef>yg;pyfrS pum;oHav;rsm;ay:vmonf?

aumifrav;onf ay:oGm;aomapmufywfud k zH k ;z d7efrjudK;pm;awmhyg?

aygi fjuD;E Sp facsmi f ;yi f um;IxGufoGm;avao;onf? 7efy d ki fp d k ;onf

tzkwfud kvuf0g ; _zi f ht ky fum tomyGwfonf? use fvufwbuf_zi f h

rusi f[ke f0wfxm;aom bavmufpf>7ifbwfud k tomqG Jz Gi f honf?

161

us<foD;awG_yefrwyf7ao;aom bavmufpf>7ifbwftvG<fyifyGi f hI

oGm;onf? b7mpD<mawmh _yefpnf;aESmifxm;7m bavmufpf7ifbwf

y Gi f hoGm;aomfvnf; Ed k ht H kr sm;uawmh ay:rvmao;? 7efy d ki fp d k ;onf

b7mpD<m>7ifbH kay:rSyif Ed k hrsm;ud k tomqkyfe<fay;onf?

xdkaemuf7efydkifpd k;onf tomukef;Ixonf? aumifrav;udk<fay:

wufonf? rusif[kefr Sm 7ifw'def;' de f ;c ke fum rsufawmifrsm;arS;pif;

usonf? 7efydkifpd k;wufcGaomtcg rusif[kef>aygifjuD;rsm; tvdktav#muf

um;oGm;onf? taetxm;ususwufcGaomajumif h vD;acsmif;juD;u

apmufywfud k ususeexdrdonf? rusif[kefa7m7efyd ki fp d k ;yg "gwfvd kuf

cH7ovdkrs d K ; _zpfoGm;juonf?

Þ td k- - ß

rusif[kefwa<muf 7rufaZmawGxefaeonf? apmufzkwfxJrS

t7nfjunfrsm; pd kxGufonf? 7efyd ki fpd k ;uvnf; axmufrdaomvD;acsmif;

juD;ud k tomzdxd k ;onf?

Þ AspfbGyf- -tm;- -uÈwfuÈwfuÈwf- -emw<f [if h ß

162

cÈJusdusdapmuf7nfjunfawGpd kaeaomajumifh vD;onf oHk;vufr

omomavmuf apmufywfxJ0ifonf? acsmifacsmifcs dcs dawmh r[kwfyg?

apmapmav;wifurS yguifyGi f hum tysd K7nfysuf_yD;umpapmufywfrd k h

usOf;Ijuyfaeonf? 7efyd kifpd k;uvnf; odyftavmrjuD;? vD;udkqufroGif;

awmhyJ 0ifaeor#_zpfaom oHk;vufromomcef hud k tomqGJxkwf_yefoGif;

vSKyf@ Sm;atmifvkyfaqmifay;onf? wpf_yLwpf_yLwd k ;0if_yefxGuf_zpfae

aomvD ;we fx dy fy d k i f ;>xdaw G h r S Kt7omonf apmu fyw fr Swqi f h

rusi f[ ke f>wud k< fvH k ;o d k h y s H hE S H honf? juufoD ;z se f ;z se f ;xonf?

tzkwfxJuvnf; <m;vmonf? vD;ud k yd kI 0ifvmapcsifonf?

Þ udkud k7<f ß

aumifrav;u rdef;rl;rl;a_ymum 7efyd kifpd k;>nmbufvufarmif;udk

o l r>b<fvufac s mi f ; av;r s m ; _ zi f h cy fwi f ;wi f ;q ky fu d k i fon f ?

atmufrSaeI wifyg;juD;ud kvnf; tomyif hay;onf? 7efyd ki fp d k ;uvnf;

tay:rScg;aumhum qwfueJzdxd k ;csonf?

atmufrStaumhESi f h tay:rSzdtxdk; tHud kuf? xdktcg yguif

yGi f hI vD;0ifvrf;ajumif;@Si f;ae_yD_zpfaom apmufywfxJod k h vD;wefjuD;

wacsmif;vH k ; tqHk;_rKyf0ifoGm;onf?

Þ bGyfAspfAspf- -tm;- -tm; tm; [if h ß

163

w@kwfu_ym;rav;wudk<fvH k; wkefonf? emjuifrS KE Si f h t7om

aumif;r S K ESp fr s d K ;pvH k ;ud k w_yd Ki fwnf;7@S dc Hpm;7onf? emwmxuf

t7omu yd kIaumif;onf? 'gajumif hrusif[kefonf 7efyd ki fp d k ;>cg;ud k

uref;uwef;vSrf;ud ki fzufvd kufrd@Smonf? 7efyd ki fp d k ;onf EkEkxGwfxGwf

w@kwfu_ym;rav;> uspfvpfawmif hwif;aomwudk<fvH k;ud k tm;7yg;7

toH k ;csum wtm;aqmfwD;ypfvd kufcsi fonf? 'gayr<f h <ckrSpwif

tvd k ;c Hz l ;aom q<fausm fouft@G<fc smwdwfrav; vef ho Gm ;rnf

p d k ;aomajumif h pdwfxifwd ki f ;rus Jao;yJ tomxde f ;um cyfomom

vdk;ay;onf? rusif[kefuvnf; wufnDvufnD vdkoavmufatmufrS

aeI aumhyif hvSKyf@ Sm;ay;onf? rdrd7nf;pm;ESi f h ESpfO D;oabmwlvd k;ae

7rSKajumif h rusif[kefr Sm pdwfjunfEl;ESp fodrf hum <ckvd kp dwfygvufyg

vkyfay;ae_cif;_zpfonf?

7efy d ki fp d k ;uvnf; atmufyif haqmif henf;ud k trsm;qH k ;oH k ;um

cyfoGufoGufvd k ;aqmif hay;vd kufonf? rusif[ke fr Smvnf; zDvifawG

wufvm_yDrd k h 7efyd ki fp d k ;>cyfoGufoGufaqmif hcsufrsm;ud k tm;7yg;7yif

cHaeonf? 7efyd ki fp d k ;>cg;ud kawmh rvGwfwrf;od ki f ;zufxm;onf? olr>

wifyg;qH kjuD;tyif ht<rf;uvnf; yd k _refy doGufvmonf? 7efyd ki fp d k ;u

b7mpD<m7ifbH kE Sp fc kud k vSe fwifonf? tdueJwif ;ueJay:vmaom

7ifom;qd ki fE Sp fvH k ;ud k b<fnmvufESp fbuf_zif h cyfwif;wif;qG Jum

yd kItm;_yif;_yif;E Si f haqmif honf?

164

Þ bGyfzkwf- -bGyfzkwf- - ß

Þ tm;vm;vm;- -[if h ß

Þ bGyfbGyf- -aumif;vd kufwmudkud k7m bGyf ß

7efyd kifpd k;onf cyfoGufoGufaqmifhae7mrS vD;udktzkwfrSxGufoGm;

atmif qwfueJqG Jxkwfvd kufonf?

Þ _yGwf- -yvyf ß

apmufacgif;u usOf;juyfaeao;7m qGJtxkwf apmufywftwGif;

om;rsm;E Si f h apmuftH kjuD;u vD;wefvH k ;ywfwGi fuyfum _yJtmvef

ygvmonf? vD;uÈwfxGufcs de fwGi f vef_y Jaeaomapmufywfom;rsm;

atmuf_yefpkus7m apmuf7nfjunfrsm;uvnf; pd k@ $ Jumaeaomajumif h

toHav;rsm;_rnfonf?

Øtm;- -uÈwfuÈwf- -× [k ememjuifjuif_zpfaomajumif h

rusif[kefu pkwfoyfrdonf?

Þ bGyfbkAspf ß

165

7 e f y d k i f p d k ;u ta Õr mu f ju D ; y p f aqmi f h en f ;u d ko H k ;u m

q G Jx kw fxm ; aomv D ; ac s m i f ; ju D ;u d k apmu fyw fx Jtm ; _ yi f ; _ y i f ;

_ye faqmif hz doyfoGi f ;vd kufonf? taetxm;r Se faomajumif h vD;u

xdrdeuf@S d Ki f ;p Gmwd k ;0ifonf?

Þ tif h- -td- - ß

rusif[kef touf@SLrSm;oGm;7onf? taÕrmufjuD;ypfaqmif hcsuf

uvnf; xdrdvGef;vSonf? atmif hoGm;aomfvnf; t7omu aumif;vS

onf? rusif[kefc_rm tlawGtonf;awG qGJES kwfcH7avovm;[k

xifrSwfrSm;avmufatmif umrqdyfwufoGm;7onf? wudk<fvH k;vnf;

aumhys Hwufvmonf?

aumifrav;cHEdlifrSef;odaomajumifh 7efydkifpdk;uvnf; taÕrmufjuD;

ypfaqmifhenf;udkoH k;um 7uf7ufa7ma7myif aqmifhvdk;ypfvdkufavonf?

rusif[kefrSm tifhueJ[ifhueJ_zpfIaeonf? aqmifhcsuftm;_yif;rSKajumif h

zifqH kjuD;zsmay:rS juGwufonf? cg;vnf;EG J hI<drf;vSKyfae7m zifjuD;ud k

paum0d ki f;ay;ovdkrs d K ; _zpfonf? 7efyd ki fp d k ;a7m rusif[kefyg t7omyd kI

awGhum xdk;xd k ;xGef hxGef h _zpfonf?

7efyd ki fp d k ;u rusif[kefud k taÕrmufjuD;ypfaqmif henf;ud koH k ;um

166

w7jurf;vdk;aeonfhtcsdefrSmyif odef;atmifausmfonf q7mra':wifrm0if;

udk<fay:rScÈwf<lvmonfh b@kdudwfausmif;pdrf;xrDESif h tay:tusôwdk hud k

vufwGifud ki f7if; yxrwef;(u) pmoifcef;xJod k h 0ifa7mufvmonf?

7e fy d k i fp d k ;E Si f h ju d Kwi ftc s d e f ;tc su fv ky fxm;c J honf htwd ki f ;

rusif[kefud k @S<f<mcG J7ef 0ifa7mufvm_cif;_zpfonf? 7efyd ki fp d k ;twGuf

@S<f<mr#ay;p7mvnf; odef;atmifausmfxHwGif @S daeonfav? ta_ctae

aumif;zefwD;I oltydkifvdk;EdlifcJhaom q7mra':wifrm0if;udk 7efydkifpdk;vnf;

0ifzd kufEd li fzd k h odef;atmifausmfu tuGufususpDpOfxm;_yD;yg_yD? 7efyd ki fpd k ;

E S i f h ru s i f[ k e fw d k h w7 jur f ;v d k ; a e juon fu d k aw G h 7 aomtc g

Øta7;aumif ;wke f ; ' de f ;a'gi f ;0i fz suf × qd kovd k _zp fr Smp d k ;aomajumif h

odef;atmifausmfu bmr#0ifrpGufao;yJ tomab;rS7yfjunfhaeonf?

ud k<f ht@S de fE Si f hud k<f t7rf; Øa[mh× aejuaom rusif[kefESi f h

7efyd ki fp d k ;wd k hE Sp fa<mufuawmh olwd k htem;od k h odef;atmifausmfa7mufae

onfud k rodju? ud k<f htvkyfE Si f hud k<f@S Ky faeonf? ywf0ef;usifud k

arhovdk_zpfaeonf?

167

ode f ;atmi fausm fxGufoGm;aomtcg q7mra':wifrm0i f ;r Sm

pdwfvSKy f@ Sm;7ifwke fp Gmyif pmjunfhwd kuftcef;xJwGi f usefaecJ honf?

olrud k<fay:wGi f twGi f ;c Hpuyf | @Si fr Dtus ôE Si f h b7mpD<mwd k hom

@S daeonf? odef;atmifausmfu bmajumif h rdrd>xrDESi f htay:0wftusô

wd k hud k cÈwf<loGm;7ovJqd kwmudk a':wifrm0if; rpOf;pm;wwfyg?

a':wifrm0if;onf onfae7mrSt_refxGufum ausmif;tm;upm;yGJ

vkyfonfhae7mod k h [efrysuf_yefoGm;um vlrsm;awGESi f ha7maESmaevd kuf

csifonf? 'gayr<fh 'DvdktwGif;cHt0wftpm;awGESifh vlawmxJb<fvdkvkyf

oGm;Ed li frnfenf;? @Sifr D;u odyfryg;aomfvnf; tawmfud kjuyfonf?

ycke f;rsm;ESi f hA d kufom;rsm;yif tenf;i<fyif ay:aeonf? atmufcHpuyf

uawmh yg;yg;wd kwd kav;? t@Snfu 'l;qpfomomavmufom@S donf?

aygifvH k ;rsm;| wifyg;ESi f h apmufywfwd k hud k xGif;azguf_rifomEd li fonf?

a':wifrm0if;onf owd7I cÈwfv$m;xm;aom twGif;cHabmif;bD

ud k t_refqG J<l0wfonf? odef;atmifausmfvd k ;oGm;I apmufywfa7m

zifaygufyg t7nfawGp d kae7m twGi f ;c Habmif ;bDr Sm xd kt7nfawG

ayusHum ap;uyfuyfpd kp dp d _zpfoGm;onf?

a[m- -? a':wifrm0if;>em;xJwGif wbuftcef;xJrS toH

168

AvHawGjum;7_yefonf? 7efyd kifpd k ;ESif hrusif[kefwd k h vdk;aejuwkef;ygyJvm;?

awmfawmfzd kufEd li fwJ h csmwdwfawG[k awG;onf? _yD;awmh acsmif;junfh

csifonfhpdwfawGvnf; _zpfay:vmonf? onftcef;xJrS avmavmq<f

xGufr7Ed li fwJ htwlwl wbufcef;uvdk;yG Jud kjunfhvd kufrnf[k pdwful;

aygufum apmapmuacsmif;junfhcJ honfhae7modk h _yefoGm;um acsmif;junfh

onf?

_rif7ygonf? 7efy d ki fp d k ;E Si f hrusi f[ke fwd k h tyDvd k ;aejuwmud k

a':wifrm0if; uGufuGufuGif;uGif; @Sif;@ Si f;vif;vif;juD; _rif7ygonf?

xd k h _yif vd k;aeonfhpH kwG Jab;em;wGif rwfwyf7yfaeaomodef;atmifausmf

udkyg awGh7onf? a':wifrm0if; tawG;7cufoGm;onf? odef;atmifausmfu

xdktcef;xJ bmoGm;vkyfwmvJ? wckckawmh wckckyJ?

a':wifrm0if;rSm tawG;aygif;pH k acgif;xJwGif@S KyfaxG;Ivmav

onf? olr>rsufpduawmh taygufrSrcGmEd li f? wbufcef;ud k qufI

acsmif;junfhaerdonf?

yufvufvSefum 'l;axmifaygifum;_zpfaeavaom rusif[kef>

udk<fay:wGif 7efyd kifpd k;u tustewufcGum y<fy<fe<fe<fvdk;aeaom

xdk_rifuGif;onf q7mra':wifrm0if;ud k aumif;aumif;juD;qG Jaqmifum

pdwfvSKyf@ Sm;vm7avatmif zefwD;aeavonf? 7efyd ki fp d k ;onf aqmif h

169

vd k ;7i f ;u rusi f[ke f>Ed k ho D ;acgi f ;ud k yg;py f _zi f huke f ;Ip d k hay;onfud k

a':wifrm0if; 7ifzd kp GmawG h _rifae7onf? tvdk;c Haeaomw@kwfu_ym;

rav;rSm 7efyd ki fpd k ;>7ifcGifatmufwGif wvl;vl;wvGef hvGef h _zpfaeonf?

Þ td k;- -rm;rm;? tm;- -[if h ud kud k7m- -td k td k ß

aumifrav;>yg;pyfrS ay:xGufvmaeavaoma7@Gwfnnf;wGm;

oHud kvnf; a':wifrm0if; twdki f;om;juD;jum;ae7onf? rusif[kefr Sm

z DvifawGt7rf;ud kwufI t7omt_ywfawG haeonfu aocsmonf?

junfhav? zifqHkjuD;u w<rf;<rf;ESif h? tvdk;cHae7if;u Edk hpd k hay;aeaom

7efyd ki fp d k ;>acgif;ud k qG Jrum ESKwfcrf;csif;awhuyfI tirf;r7yifpkyferf;

vd ku favao;onf? p ky fer f ;y H ku ody fawmh pep frus? 'gayr<f h

7rufaZmuawmh t_ynf hy gonf? 7ruf _yi f ;aomxd kp ky fer f ;r S Konf

7e fy d ki fp d k ;ud kvnf; yd kIp dwfxvmatmif ze fwD;ay;vd kuf[efwlonf?

7efyd ki fp d k ;>aqmif hvd k;csufawGu a@S;uxufyd k _refvmonf? acsmif;junhf

aeola':wifrm0if;vnf; yd kp dwfvSKyf@ Sm;7ifcke fvm7onfayg h?

170

7efyd kifpd k;u rusif[kefudk wtm;usHK;vdk;aeonf? taÕrmufjuD;ypf|

atmufyif h | ig;ar$xd k ; | jurf;_yifO D;axmif h ponf_zif h enf;rs d K ;p H k _zif h

y<fy<fe<fe<fud k vd k ;oGif;aeonf? rusif[kefc_rmrSm 7efyd ki fp d k ;>

uÈrf ;usi fvdr Rmaom umrpyf<Sufr S KatmufwGi f vl;vl;vGe f hvGe f hE Si f h

t7rf;ud k _zpfIaeavonf? aqmif hcsufawGu yd k _yif;vmovdk olr>

apmufywfxJ wd k ;0i f _ye fxGuf_zpfaeaomvD;juD;onf yd krmajumum

yd kIjuD;xGm;vmonf[k aumifrav;xifrdonf?

Þ bGyfbGyf- -yvGyfbGyf bGyf- - ß

Þ tif h[if h- -ud kud k[mjuD; t7rf;wkwfvmw<fuGm? uÈefr

ajumufawmifvm_yD? odvm; ß

rusif[kef>yg;pyfrS xkwfaz:a_ymvm7onf?

[kwfvnf; [kwfygonf? w7jurf;vd k;aqmfae7if;u vD;juD;u

yd kIy d kIwkwfvmonf? 7efy d ki fp d k ;r Sm zG H h _z d K ;xGm;jud Ki f ;pt@G<f_zp fum

olhvD;uvnf; rdef;rapmufywfwd k h> tqDtaoG;rsm;ud kpm;oH k ;ae7ay7m

yd kIyd kI juD;vmwkwfvmaeonf? <ck tysd Kppfppfav;ud k yguifzGi f h

171

vdk ;ae7ay7m tys d KaoG;wd k h>tmedoif_zi f h ododomomud k yd kIjuD;

yd kIwkwfvm_cif;_zpfonf? umrqdyfwufum vD;t7omudk arharhrl;r l;

c Hpm;c J h7aomrusi f[ke fr Smvnf; E Sp fc s Dqufwd kuf Ø _y D ; × oGm;v#uf

umr' D a7ten f ; i< f _ye ftusw Gi f pv d k ;umpE S i f h rw lawm h atmi f

wkwfc d ki f juD ;xGm;vSavaomvD;juD ;ud k owd_yKr d _y D ; ar;vd kuf _ci f ;

_zpfonf?

apmapmyd kif;uqdkv#if pum;a_ym7efa0;pG? rsufvHk;yifus<fus<f

rzGif hE d li fy J 7efyd ki fp d k ;vd k ;aqmif hor#ud k wtif htif hw[if h[if h _zif h t_ywf

cHaecJhavonf? judKwiftcsdef;tcsufvkyfxm;onfhtwdkif; odef;atmifausmf

tce f ;xJod k h0i fvm_y Dud k 7e fy d ki fp d k ;o donf? r dr dwd k hv d k ;aeonf ht@ S de f

wufaeaomajumifh odef;atmifausmfonf tomyif7yfumapmifhaeajumif;

ud kvnf; txmaygufonf? <cktcg rusif[kefvnf; t_ywf Ø_yD;×

oGm;cJ honfrd k h odef;atmifausmf0ifvmEd li fatmif tuGufzefwD;ay;onfh

tae_zif h qufrvd k;awmhyJ rusif[kefapmufywfxJrSm iyJacsmif;juD;ud k

qG Jxkwfvd kufonf? apmuf7nfjunfawGpd k@ $ Jaeaom vD;acsmif;juD;onf

Ø _y Gw fb k × [laomrwd k ;rus<ftoHE Si f htwl r d k h r d k h ju D ;az gi f ;aeonf h

apmufywfxJrS _yKwfxGufonf?

Þ a7mh- -'d k hvD;ud k prf;junfhygvm; ß

172

vD;ud kqG J _zKwf_yD;aemuf yg;pyfuvnf; a_ymvd kufao;onf?

Þ td k- -prf;junfhcsifygbl;- - ß

rusif[kefrSm ESKwfuom_iif;qefpum;qdkaeonf? olr>nmbuf

vufuawmh tvdkvd kqef hxGufum vwfwavmvdk;_yD;ump rwfawmif

aeonfhvD;acsmif;juD;ud k vSrf;qkyfud ki fvd kufonf?

xdktcs de frSmyif odef;atmifausmfuvnf; yg0ifvmavawmhonf?

Þ w<fyd ki fygvm;uG? aumifrav;qdkwm vD;ud kawmif

ud ki fae7_yD- - ß

odef;atmifausmfu avoHat;at;_zif ha_ymvdkuf7m zDvifwufI

teD;0ef;usifudkyif owdrrlrdatmif_zpfaeaomrusif[kefrSm tjuD;tus<f

vef hzse f hoGm;onf?

Þ td k- -trav;- -'kuQygyJ ß

rusif[kefonf tvef hwjum;atmfv#uf vD;ud kud ki fxm;aom

vufud k csufc si f ; _ye f@ kw fonf? yufvufvSe fv#uf@ S dae7mr Svnf;

173

aigufueJxonf? vefwufaeaompuyf@Snfud k qG Jcsonf? [dk[may:

onf[may:_zpfaeaomt0wftpm;rsm;ud kvnf; uref;uwef;qG Jcsum

zH k ;zH k ;z dzdvkyfonf?

Þ tckrS 'DtxmawG vkyfraeprf;ygeJ h? eifwd k hb<fvd k _zpfaeju

w<fqdkwm igtukef_rif_yD;om;yg[- - ß

odef;atmifausmfu yd ki fy d ki fE d li fE d li fa_ymvd kufonf?

y<fy<fe<fe<ftvd k ;c Haewke f ; vlr dc Hv d ku f7onf htwGu f

aumifrav; t7rf ;ud k@ SufoGm;onf? rsufE Smud kvuf0g ;E Si f ht ky fum

@Suf@G H hp Gmxd ki faeonf? bmvkyf7rSe f;rod?

odef;atmifausmfu 7efyd ki fp d k ;ud ktomrsufaphrS dwf_yum tcef;

axmif hem;qDod k h ac:oGm;onf?

Þ tyd ki fy JuG? rif;wd k hz d kufaejuwmudk q7mra':wifrm0if;u

acsmif;junfh_y D; zDvifwufaew<fav? tJ'g igtrdzrf;_yD; t_ywf

zd kufypf_yD;_y D- - ß

odef;atmifausmfu cyfwd k ;wd k ;a_ymonf?

174

7efyd ki fp d k ;rsufESm0if;xdefoGm;um- -

Þ a[- -[kwfvm; ß

Þ tJ'g [k dbufcef;rSm olhud kxm;cJ hw<f? xrDeJ htusôcÈwf<lvm

cJ hwmqdkawmh olb<fud kr S xGufroGm;Ed li fygbl;? rif;oGm;_yD; pdwfjudKuf

wG<fayawmh- - ß

Þ tdkau- -tdkau- - ß

7e fy d ki fp d k ;onf cÈwfxm;aomykqd k ;ud k t_re faumuf0wfum

csufcsi f ;yi f tcef ;xJr SxGufoGm;onf? olvnf; vH k ; juD;aygufvS |

[JAD;qd kufjuD; q7mra':wifrm0if;ud k judwfIoGm;a7usaeol_zpf7m

tyd ki fvd k ;7cGi f hjuHK_yDqd kawmh vH k;0wH k haES;raeawmhyg?

rusif[kefc_rmrSmom rsufESmudkvuf0g;ESif htkyfum @Suf@G H hxdwfvefh

wkefvSKyfp Gm acgif;av;atmufcsumxdki fv#ufom; oem;pzG<fusefaecJ h

onf?

odef;atmifausmfonf olhvufxJ@S d q7mra':wifrm0if;>tusô

175

ESif hxrDwd k hud k teD;@S dpmoifcke fwckay:tomwif_yD;aemuf w@kwfu_ym;

rav;rusif[ke f@ S d7mod k h a_cvSrf;us JjuD;rsm;ESi f h av#mufvSrf;oGm;av

awmhonf?

176

wbufce f ;o d k h ac smi f ; junf h7i f ; z Dvi fawG _ye fwufvmaom

a':wifrm0if;onf rdrd>aygifjum;rStzkwfud k vuf_zif htomtkyfprf;um

yGwfaer donf? vufE Si f hy Gwf7onfud k tm;r7aomajumif h olr>

umrt7omcHpm;pdwfa_zazsmuf7mwGif vufpG J _zpfaom bdki fba7wmudk

toH k;_yKzd k h pdwful;ay:vmcs de fr Smyif wbufcef;rS 7efyd ki fp d k ;E Si f hrusif[kef

wd k h> umrpyf<SufrS K wpcef;7yfoGm;onf?

rusif[kef>apmufywfxJrS 7efyk di fp d k ;>vD;juD; qGJ_zKwfvd kufyH k

_rifuGif;ud kawmh q7mra':wifrm0if; tyDt_yifud k_rif7onf? rusif[kef

Ø_y D;× oGm;cJ haomfvnf; 7efyd ki fp d k ;r Sm okwf7nfrxGufao;onfhtwGuf

vD;rmawmifaeqJ_zpfonf? xd k h _yif tyDt_yifvd k ;aqmfaewkef; qG J _zKwf

vdkufrSKajumif h iyJrSm apmuf7nfjunfawGpd k@$ Jae_yefum um<Avarmif

awG qDokwfIudk<f[ef_yovdk vD;uvnf; t_ywf[efa@G;juG<faeonf?

onfjum;xJ vd k;c J honfht@S de fajumih fxifonf? vD;u aig hueJ

aig hueJ vSKyfae_yefao;7m a':wifrm0if;rSm 7efyd ki fp d k ;>vD;rSm rsufvH k ;

rcGmEd li fawmhavmufatmif _zpfaeonf? olronf acsmif;junfh7if;

7ruf_yif;xef zDvifawG_yefwufaerSKuvnf; @S dae_yef7m 7efyd ki fp d k ;>

xdkvD;acsmif;juD;ESif htvdk;cH7v#if tvGefudkcHaumif;rnf[laomtawG;rsm;

yi fay:vmonf? ok d haom f xd ktawG;r s d K ;rawG;oif h[k r dr dud k<fr dr d

177

tcsde fr Dxdef;odrf;vd kuf7avonf?

odef;atmifausmfESi f h 7efyd ki fp d k ;wd k hE Sp fa<muf tcef;axmif hem;od k h

oGm;um wD;wd ka_ymqd kaejuwmawGud kvnf; a':wifrm0if;_rifonf?

bmawGa_ymjurSef;rod? od k haomf rdrdESi f hywfoufonfhpum;rsm;_zpfzd k h

rsm;ajumif;ud kawmh awG;rdonf? xdkaemuf 7efyd ki fp d k ; ykqd k;uref;uwef;

_yef0wfum tcef;xJrSxGufoGm;onfud k _rif7onf?

xd ktcg a':wifrm0i f ;onf acsmi f ; junf haeaomtaygufr S

rsufaphud kc Gmonf? olrvufxJwGifawmh bdki fba7wmjuD;ud ki f7ufom;?

pdwfawGuvnf; yH kr Se fr[kwfao;? r_idrfao;? vSKyf@Sm;aeqJ? 7rufaZm

rsm;vnf; xjuGaeqJ? vufxJwGi fud ki fxm;aom bd ki fba7wmESi f h

tzkwfud k xd k;uvdypfvd kufcsifonf? od k haomf 7efyd ki fp d k ; rdrd@ S d7mod k h

a7mu fatmi fvmE d l i f a jumi f ; ju d Kwi fpO f ; pm ;o d@ S d aeaomajumi f h

a' :wi frm0i f ;r S m p dw f@ S dw d k i f ;rv ky fE d l i f ? p dw fv S Ky f@ S m ;7i fz d k p G myi f

onftwdki f ;7yfIaerdonf?

a':wifrm0if;>xifaju; rSefonf?

7efyd kifpd k;onf aph@k Homaphxm;aomtcef;wHcg;udk zGif hI0ifvmonf?

_yD;awmh wHcg;ud k ususee_yefydwfonf?

178

acwfynmwwfausmi f ;q7mrwa<mufr d k h a':wifrm0i f ;r Sm

ta_ctaeudkoHk;oyfwwfonf? rdrdudktacsmif0ifwG<fum y<fy<fe<fe<f

zifvd k;oGm;cJ hol odef;atmifausmfu 7efyd ki fpd k ;tm; today;vufaxmufcs

vdkufajumif; em;vnfonf? 7efyd kifpd k; bmtwGufa7mufvmonfudkvnf;

odonf? rdr dtae_zif h onfausmif;om;ESp fa<muf> vuftwGif;r S

@ ke f ;xGufEd li fonfhta_ctaer@S dawmhonfud kvnf; oabmaygufonf?

a':wifrm0if;onf tcef;wHcg;udk_yefydwf_yD; olrxHodk hav#mufvSrf;

c sO f ;uyfvmaom7e fy d ki fp d k ;ud k rsufvH k ;t0 d ki f ;om;E Si f h junf haer donf?

_yL;us<f0 d ki f ;pufaom olr>rsufvH k ;rsm;onf xdwfvef hwke fvS Ky fr S K

oabmud k aqmi faeaom fvnf ; E d k ; ju Gq J _zp fonf h 7rufaZmqE N

umrqdyfwd k h> taiG htoufawGuvnf; v$rf;aeygonf?

7efyd ki fp d k ;uvnf; tyd kawGa_ymraeawmh? ed'ge f;awGy^mrawG

vkyfraeawmh?

v H k ; ju D ;ay gu fv S q7mra':wi frm0i f ;tem;a7mufonfE Si f h

vd k7if;ud k csufcsif;yifvkyfavawmhonf?

179

7efyd ki fp d k ;u 0wfxm;aomykqd k;ud k uGif;vH k ;yH kyifcÈwfcsypfvd kuf

onf? twGi f ;c Habmi f ;bDrygaomajumi f h y kqd k ;uÈwfoGm;onfE Si f h

rwfawmifaeavaomvD;acsmif;juD;onf rmef[keft_ynfh_zif h wef;ueJ

ay:vmonf? a':wifrm0if;>rsufvH k;tpH konf tvdkvd kyif vD;acsmif;

juD;ay:od k h pl;pk dufusa7mufoGm;onf?

vifawmfarmifoabFmom;ESif h tcsdefjum_rif hpGmcG JcGmae7rSKajumif h

umrqdyfawGEd k ;juGaeonfhtcHuvnf; @S daeaomajumif h a':wifrm0if;

twGuf Ekys d Kaoma<mufsm;ys d K> rwfawmifaeavaomvD;acsmif;juD;

_ri fuGi f ;onf wu<fhud kp dwfvS Ky f@ Sm;p7myg? a':wifrm0if ;p dwfxif

7efyd kifpd k;>vD;juD;onf q<fvufreD;yg;@Snfv#uf usyfvHk;omomavmuf

tvHk;wkwfonf[k xifrdonf?

[kwfygonf? rde f;rapmufywfawG vdk;ae7rSKtawGhtjuHKwd k hu

7efy d ki fp d k ;>vD;ud k yd k juD;y d kxGm;vmaponf? vwfwavmvd k ;c J h7aom

tys d K pp fpp fy gui fy dw fapmufywfav;> tm;op favmi f ;r S Kuvnf ;

@ S daeay7m vD;onf oHacsmi f ;wr#rmawmifum _ri f7olr de f ;rtzd k h

tvd k;rcHyJraeEd li favmufatmifud k qG JaqmifrS K _ynf h0aeonf? q7mr

a':wifrm0if;> rsufvHk;tjunfhrsm;onf xdkvD;juD;ay:rS rcGmEd li fawmh?

180

Þ vm- -'l;axmufcs_yD; uÈefawmf hvD;ud k pkyfay;ygq7mr ß

7efyd ki fp d k ;u tyd ki fyif a_ymqd kapcd ki f ;onf?

umrqdyfawGwufaeonfhjum;uyif a':wifrm0if;rSm wkefvSKyf

a_cmufcsm;oGm;onf? rdrdusa7mufae7onfhta_ctaeudkvnf; a':wif

rm0if; aumif;aumif;em;vnfonf? 7efyd ki fp d k ;>qENud k _iif;qefEd li fonfh

tcGif htvrf;r@S dyg?

a':wi frm0i f ; vD ;rp ky fc si fy g ? r_ii f ;E d l i fr Se f ;o daom fvnf ;

wH k hqd ki f ;qd ki f ; _zpfaeonf?

Þ vkyfprf;yg q7mr7m? q7mreJ hodef;atmifausmf b<fvd kawG

_zpfcJ hjuw<fqdkwm uÈefawmfod_yD;om;yg? uÈefawmfvkyfcd ki f ;omudkom

vkyf? 'gqd k tm;vH k;at;at;aq;aq;yJ- - ß

yg;pyfua_ym7if; 7efy d ki fp d k ;onf a':wifrm0if;>ykc ke f ;rsm;ud k

vufE Sp fbuf _zi f hcy fwi f ;wi f ;qky fud ki fum yd ki fE d li fp Gmz dE S dy fw Ge f ;c s7m

q7mra':wifrm0if;c_rm olrpmoifay;ae7aomtwef;rS ausmif;om;

7efyd ki fp d k ;>a_c7if;wGif 'l;axmuf7ufom;_zpfoGm;avawmhonf?

Þ vD;ud k yg;pyfeJ hi H k _y D; aumif;aumif;pkyfay;ayawmh ß

181

a<mufsm;vdifwefud k rdrdyg;pyf_zif hi H kum pkyfay;7rnfht_zpfonf

@ G H@ Smp7maumif ;vSajumif ; a':wifrm0if ; awG;r donf? rvky fcsi f ?

rpkyfcsi f? od k haomf 7efyd ki fp d k ;a_ymonfhtwdki f; vd kufemvkyfaqmifay;

7rnfud kvnf; a':wifrm0if; odae_yefonf? rdr donf 7efyd ki fp d k ;>

vufc ky fx Jua7b0od k h a7mufaeonf ht_zp fu d k a':wi frm0i f ;r Sm

0rf;enf;vd k hrqH k;_zpfonf? 'gayr<fh <ckta_ctaewGif q7mra':wif

rm0if;tae_zif h bmrsm;wwfEd li fygrnfenf;? olronf ausmif;q7mr

wa<muf_zpfaomfvnf; udk<fhwynfhausmif;om;7efyd kifpd k;udk uvefuqef

rvkyfEd li f? 7efyd ki fp d k ;u olrud k tyd ki fud ki fxm;Ed li fav_yD?

7efyd kifpd k;onf olhvD;wefxdyfzl;udk q7mra':wifrm0if;>ESKwfcrf;

om;ay:wGif uyfay;vd kufonf? a':wifrm0if; rsufESmrJ hueJ_zpfum

v lvn f ; qwfue Jw G e f hon f ? x dw fve f hw k e fv S K y fo G m ;7@ S maom

a':wifrm0if ;> xd koGi f _yi f[efye fonf 7efy d ki fp d k ;ud k txl;auseyf

tm;7oGm;aponf?

a':wifrm0i f ;u acgi f ;ud kwdr f ;um a@Smi fwdr f ;@ Smao;onf?

od k haomf 7efyd ki fp d k ;u nmvuf_zif h a':wifrm0if;>qHyifrsm;ud kqG Jum

xdef;xm;7m a':wifrm0if; acgif;riJ homawmh? olr>ESKwfcrf;e Dqd k ;xm;

aom ES Kwfcrf ;tdtdazgi f ;zgi f ;rsm;onf vD;xdy fzsm;y d ki f ;E Si f h ususee

182

xdaeonf? rusif[ke fud kvd k ;xm;7mrS vwfwavmqG Jxkwfxm;onf h

vD;juD;_zpfaomajumif h vD;wefwGif rusif[kef>apmuf7nfjunfrsm;

ayus Haeonf? vD;>teH hud ka7m xd kapmuf7nfjunfrsm;>teH hud ky g

a':wifrm0if; @SLrdonf? xd kteH hwd k hajumif h atmhESvH k ;em7aomfvnf;

7rufpdwfuawmh xl;_cm;pGmwd k;vd k h xef_yif;vmonf? vD;eH h | apmuf7nf

junfeH hqd kwmawGu 7rufaZmudkEd k ;juGapEd lifonfh tpGrf;owWd@S djuonf

r[kwfygvm;?

183

ESKwfcrf;om;tdtdaxG;axG;rsm;eSif h vD;xdyfzsm;yd kif;xdrdaeaomfvnf;

a':wifrm0if;u yg;pyfud kawmh wif;wif;aphxm;qJ_zpfonf? _iif;qef

tmcH7ef judK;pm;_cif;awmhr[kwfyg? r_iif;y<fomonfhtaetxm;ud k

em;vnfygonf? vD;ud kpkyf7rSm @G H@SmvSaomajumif h yg;pyftvdkvd kaphydwf

ae_ci f ; _zp fygonf? onftxmud k em;vnfaomajuif h 7efy d ki fp d k ;u

b<fvuf_zif h a':wifrm0if;>ar;aphud k vSrf;ud ki fonf?

Þ enf;enf;avmufawmh ulay;zd k hvd kr<fxifw<f ß

Þ yg;pyf[av- - ß

a':wifrm0if;> aphxm;aomyg;pyfu ygif honf? 7efyd ki fp d k ;u

ausey fp Gmwcsuf _y H K ; _y D ; [yGi f ho Gm ;aoma':wifrm0i f ;>yg ;py fxJod k h

ol>vD;acsmi f ;juD;ud k xd k ;oGi f ;avonf? xd ktcs de fwGi f 7efy d ki fp d k ;>

pdwfxJwGi f vD;ud kapmufywfxJxd k ;oGi f ;vd kuf7ovd k cHpm;ae7onf?

r dr d ju dw fyp fr S m ;aec J h _y D ; q7mr[laomt@ S d e f a jumi f h ta0;r Som

wdwfwcd k ;irf;cJ h7aoma':wifrm0if;>yg;pyfxJ vD;acsmif;juD;xd k ;oGif;Ed li f

onfhtwGufvnf; t7rf;ud koabmusaeonf?

Þ yg;pyfud k[rxm;eJ hawmh? vD;wefrSm ESKwfcrf;ud kzduyfaeatmif

184

iH kvd kufav- - ß

q7mra':wi frm0i f ;>yg ;py fx Jo d k h vD ;xd k ;o Gi f ; _y D ;aomtcg

7efyd ki fp d k ;u a_ymonf? q<fvufromomcef h t@Snf@S dae_yD_zpfaom

ol>vD;acsmif;juD;rSm a':wifrm0if;>yg;pyfxJod k h tqHk;xdawmr0if?

w0ufausmfausmfavmufom 0ifatmifoGif;Ed li fonf?

a':wifrm0if;tae_zif h 7efy d ki fp d k ;xHr S vD;p ky fenf;ud kvufawG h

oi f jum;ae7onf hoabmyi f _zp fonf ? 7e fy d k i f p d k ; a _ymonf htwd ki f ;

a':wifrm0i f ; vd kufemvky faqmi f7avonf? [xm;aomyg ;py fud k

_ye fap h7m vD ; ju D ;u d ki H k r donf? tdaxG ;aomE S Kw fcr f ;om;r sm ;onf

y l aE G ; r mawmi f a eon f hv D ;we f ju D ; ay : wi f ;wi f ; yi fx d aeon f ?

yg;pyfxJwGifawmh vD;acsmif;juD;u tmacgifud kaxmufvkvka7mufae

onf? @Smonf vD;wefvH k ;ywfatmufa_cud k rxdovdkxdovdk_zpfae

onf?

Þ tompkyfvd kufav- - ß

7efyd ki fp d k ;u cyfwd k ;wd k ;a_ymonf? a':wifrm0if;>acgif;ud kvnf;

vufESif hud ki fy Gwfonf?

185

a':wifrm0if;onf r7Jw7JESi f h vD;ud kp ky fvd kufonf? Ø_yd_y d ×[k

_rnfoGm;oHud k jum;7onf? xdk h _yif wudk<fvH k ;juufoD;awG zsef;ueJ

xonf? @G H@ Smaeonfhp dwfawGvnf; yaysmufukefonf? vD;pkyfay;7wm

oabmus t7omawGhvmonf?

a':wifrm0if;rSm rdrdukd<frdrd tvGefyiftHhjordonf? bmajumifh

onfvd kr s d K ;a _ymi f ;vJoGm;7onfud k b<fvd kr SrawG;wwf? olronf

y g ;py fx Ja7mufaeaomvD ;ac smi f ; ju D ;u d k qufump ky fay;aer donf?

cyf_znf;_znf;pkyf7mrS t@S de fwufvmonf? aemufawmh tm;7yg;7ud k

p ky fay;aerdavonf?

twif;tjuyftyd ki fud ki fum pkyfc d ki f ;aomajumif h pdwfrygyJESi f h

pkyfae7onfhta_ctaersdK;r[kwfawmh? pdwfygvufygESifh vdk;vm;wyfrufpGm

186

vD;pkyfonfhtqif hod k h wr[kwfcsif;a7mufoGm;av_yD? a':wifrm0if;>

taetxm; @kwfcsnf;a_ymif;vJoGm;rS Kud k 7efyd ki fp d k ;yif tH hjo7onf?

a':wifrm0if;ud k vD;pkyfwwfatmifESi f h vD;pkyfay;rS Kt7omawGh7atmif

tawmfud k us H K ;oGi f ;ze fwD;vky faqmif7rnf[k olxifxm;avonf?

oabFmom;r<m;awG> vifESi f hc G Jc Gmae7rSKajumif h rD;cJ_ymzH k ;@ S daeaom

7rufpdwf> awmufavmifvmonfhobm0om _zpfygonf?

Þ [kwf_yD- -pkyf- -pkyf- -aumif;vd kufwm q7mr7<f?

q7mru tckrS vD;ppkyfz l;ayr<fh wu<fyDw<fAsm- -[kwf_yD- -

[kwf_y D? tJ' Dvd kr s d K ;p ky f- -pky f- -uÈe fawmf hvD ;ud k p ky fay;pr f ;yg?

S@ Smvnf; oH k;av? vD;pkyf7if; @SmeJ hvnf;7ufay;- -tm;yg;yg;- -

aumif;vd kufwm- -tD; tm;- - ß

7efyd ki fp d k ;r Smawmh tHjudwfa7@Gwf7if; acgif;armhvd kuf| ud k<f

qwfueJwGe f ho Gm;vd kuf _zp faeonf? q7mra':wifrm0i f ;r Smvnf;

vD ;p ky fay;7r S K> zDvift7omud k c Hpm;um t7rf ;ud k _i dr f haeonf?

vD;p ky f7wm @G Hp7m[kxifaerS Krsm;vnf; juufaysmufi Sufaysmufud k

aysmufoGm;juav_yD? 'gajumif hvD;juD;ud k yg;pyf _zi f h tm;7yg;7ud k

p ky fonf? @SmESi f hvnf; 7ufay;onf? xdktcg zDvifyd kwufvmonf?

187

vD ;we fw Gi f rusi f[ ke f>apmu f7n f junfr s m ;ayus H ae7m

vD;udkyg;pyfESif hpkyf| @SmESif h7ufvkyfaomtcg xdkapmuf7nfjunfrsm;udkvnf;

7ufrdpkyfrdonf? a':wifrm0if;u tirf;r7 tm;7yg;7tyDpkyfay;vd kuf7m

rusif[kefESi f hvd k ;xm;cJ honfht@S de fuvnf;@S dae7m 7efyd ki fp d k ;r Sm jumjum

rxdef;Ed li fawmhyJ okwf7nfawGyef;xGufukefavawmhonf?

Þ xGuf_yD- -xGufukef_y D? v7nfawGxGufukef_y D? _rd Kcsvd kuf?

uÈefawmf hv7nfawGud k tukefrs d Kcsypfvd kuf- -tm; tm; tD; ß

okwf7nfrsm;yef;xkwf7if; 7efyd ki fp d k ;u tavmwjuD;a_ymonf?

vD;ud kvnf; a':wifrm0if;>yg;pyfxJod k h 0ifEd li for#0ifatmif xd k;oGif;

onf? yspfueJyspfueJyef;xGufvmaomokwf7nfwdk honf a':wifrm0if;>

tmacgifudkxdonf? _yD;awmhvnf; vnfacsmif;twdkif;0rf;AdkufxJodkh0ifa7muf

onf? taxGtxl; _rdKcsaep7myifrvdk? okwf7nfwdk h> !SDwDwDt7omudk

a':wifrm0if;7onf? iH!S D!S Dt7omudkvnf; cHpm;7onf? @G H@ SmrS Kvnf;

r@S d? xd k h _yif yg;pyfxJokwf7nfrsm;yef;xkwfum vnfacsmif;wav#muf

pD;usoGm;rSKonf a':wifrm0if;ud k umrqdyft7rf;wufum zDvift_ynfh

7@S dap7m a':wifrm0if;wa<muf wcsDyif Ø_yD;× oGm;7avawmhonf?

okwf7nfrsm;yef;xkwfay;_yD;aemuf 7efyd ki fp d k ;u olr>yg;pyfxJrS

188

vD;ud kqG Jxkwfvd kufaomtcg a':wifrm0if;vnf; 7efyd ki fp d k ;>a_c7if;wGif

' l;axmufae7mrS x7yfonf? a':wifrm0if;>rsufESm eD_ref;aeonf?

aemufod k hvnf; a_cvSrf;umqkwfvd kufonf?

Þ uJ- -_yD;_yDr[kwfvm; ß

a':wifrm0if;u 7efyd ki fp d k ;ud krjunfhyJar;onf?

Þ [m- -b<f_yD;tkef;rSmvJ? 'gu tpyJ@S dao;w<f? trsm;juD;

usefao;w<f- - ß

7efyd ki fp d k ;>pum;ajumif h a':wifrm0if; @Sufajumufxdwfvef h

oGm;onf? r_yD;ao;bl;qd kygvm;?

wcs D Ø_yD;× oGm;_yDr d k h a':wifrm0if;>7rufaZmt[kefrSmvnf;

tenf;i<ft@S de fusvmonf? xdkajumif h todpdwfu_yefvnfay:vm7m

7efyd ki fp d k ;>vD;ud k tirf;r7pkyfay;v#uf okwf7nfrsm;aomufrs d KcscJ h7rSKud k

@ Sufajumufpdwfrsm; _zpfaeonf?

Þ ud k<fwH k ;vH k ; cÈwfvd kuf- - ß

7efyd ki fp d k ;u cyfat;at;a_ymonf? a_ym7if; a':wifrm0if;>

189

tusôud kvnf; qGJcÈwfonf?

Þ bm- -bmvkyftkef;rvd k hvJ [if ß

a':wifrm0if;u ajumufvef hwkefvSKyfp Gmar;onf?

Þ ud k<fwH k ;vH k ;cÈwfrSmom cÈwfprf;ygq7mr7<f? q7mrud k

epfuufjunfhr<f? _yD;r S- - ß

7efy d ki fp d k ;u pum;ud kqH k ;atmifra_ym? wyd ki f ;wpESi f h7y fum

rcs d KrcsO f _y H K ;onf? a':wifrm0i f ;c_rm t_ynf htpH kr@ S davawmhaom

t0wftpm;rsm;ud k cÈwf7@Smavawmhonf?

190

rusif[kef>tem;od k h odef;atmifausmfa7mufoGm;onf?

Þ 'Dr<f- -usifusif? eifeJ h7efyd ki fp d k ; cs de f;_yD;vd k ;juwJhtajumif;

olrsm;awGodukef7if b<fvd k _zpfr<fxifovJ ß

odef;atmifausmfu pum;tpys d K ;onf?

rusi f[ke fonf rsufE Smud kvuf0g;E Si f htky fumacgi f ;i H k hxm;7mrS

odef;atmifausmfud k _zwfueJarmfjunfhonf?

Þ 'Dtajumif;awGud k b<folud kr Sra_ymygeJ haemf? @SpfjuD;cd k ;yg7J h

ß

Þ eif ig hud k @Spfc d k ;p7mrvd kbl;? at;- -igvd k ;wmcHvd kuf7if

_yD;wmyJ- - ß

Þ @Sif- - ß

191

ode f ;atmi fausm f> wpfwpfc Gc G | cy f7i f h7i f ha _ymvd ku faom

pum;ajumif h w@kwfu_ym;rav; rsufvH k ;t0d ki f ;om;_zpfoGm;onf?

Þ igvd k ;wm cHzd k ha_ymwm ß

Þ trav;- -rvkyfyge J h@ Si f? csrf;omay;yg? raumif;ygbl;? ß

rusif[kefu ajumufvef hwjum;yif awmif;yef_iif;qefonf?

Þ igvd k ;wm rcHbl;vm;? 'gqd k 7w<f? 'DaehudpPud k vd kuf

armif;cwfvd kuf@k Hy J? eif htdrfvnf; oGm;a_ymr<f ß

Þ [m- -[m- -tJ'Dvd kawmh rvkyfvd kufygeJ h@ Si f ß

Þ 'gqd k bmrSa_ymraeeJ hawmh - - ß

a_yma_ymqd kqd ko de f ;atmi fausm fonf rusi f[ke f>tem;wGi f

0ifxd ki fonf? aumifrav;ud k qGJ<lod ki f;zufonf? _yD;awmh ES kwfcrf;

zl;z l;av;rsm;ud k zduyfpkyferf;onf? rusif[kef vl;vGef h@ ke f;uefao;onf?

od k k haomf yd ki fEd li fpGmzufum usifvnfpGmpkyferf;rS Kajumif h _iif;y<f@kef;uef

7ef rpGrf;om? odef;atmifausmf>terf;udk rjunf_zLyJESif h cHae7@Smonf?

192

ode f ;atmi fausm fq d kwmu toufomi<fao;onf? z s Hr S

wu<fhzs H ? rde f ;rawGtajumif; aemajuol? umrrS Krsm;wGi fvnf;

aumif;aumif;uÈrf;aeol? vwfwavmyguifzGi f htvd k;c H7zl;_yD;I zd k"gwf

xdawGhrSKt7omudk xdawGhp| rusif[kef>aoG;om;wdk hrSm odef;atmifausmf

>yd ki fE d li faomzufayG hr S K | xdrduÈrf;usifaomtpkyfterf;wd k hwGif Ed k ;juGvm

avawmhonf? todpdwfu rvdkvm;rjunf_zLonfhwd ki f Ør×obm0

aoG;om;wd k huawmh zd krxdawGhr S Kobm0twdki f;om wHk h _yefjuonf?

odef;atmifausmfonf aumifrav;>ESKwfcrf;zl;zl;@G@Guav;rsm;udk

ar#mhaoG;pkyfovdk tomr#if;umerf;vdkuf| cyfjurf;jurf;iH kcJvdkufvkyfonf?

rdr d>@Smzsm;ud kvnf; rusif[kef hE S Kwfcrf;om;rsm;xd k ;um xdk;yGwfay;ao;

onf? yxrwGifawmh rusif[ke fwud k<fvH k ;ud k cyfwif;wif;ayG h _y D ;

y g ;py fu d kom p ky fonf? zufay G hxm;r S Kuawmh ynm_ynf hy gonf?

7ifcsif;tyfrdaeonf?

rusif[kef> tudkifcH7_yD;ump 7ifom;tpHkonf odef;atmifausmf

>7ifbwfwGif tdtd_ynf h _ynf hxdrdaejuonf? Ed k ;juGaeaom7rufpdwf

ajumif h rusif[kef7ifcke fae7m odef;atmifausmftae_zif h aumifrav;>

7ifckefoHudk w'def;'def;jum;odae7onf? odef;atmifausmf>nmbufvufu

rusif[kef>cg;usifusifav;udk rdrd77juD;odkif;zufxm;onf? cg;zufonfh

193

vufudk juyfvd kufaomtcg odef;atmifausmf>7ifcGi fxJ@S d rusif[kef>

udk<fav; yd kIaumhaumhajumhajumh_zpfoGm;onf? odef;atmifausmf>

b<fvufuawmh rusif[kef>atmufyd ki f ;ud k od ki f;zufxm;onf?

onfaemufy d ki f ;wGi fawmh ode f ;atmi fausm fu rusi f[ke f>

ausm_yifud k tomyGwfonf? xd k h _yifvufud k atmufbufod k hav#mcsum

zifud kprf;onf? rusif[kefr Sm abmif;bDcÈwfypfcHxm;7av7m puyf@Snf

om@S daeonf? puyf>tom;u aysmhtdvSay7m wif;7if;aomzifom;

rsm;ud k puyfom;tay:rSud ki fwG<f7onfrSm acsmtdtd tdaxG;axG;ESi f h

tawmfud kzDvifvmonf?

tysdKrav;> wifom;qHkwdk hu vHk;uspfaeonf? odef;atmifausmf

onf tomudki fprf;@k Homru cyfwif;wif;yifzspf!Spfvd kufavao;onf?

r dr d7nf ;pm;vnf;r[kwf? bmrSvnf;ywfouf_ci f ;r@ S do lwa<muf>

zifudkifprf;| ayGhzufpkyferf;cH7rSKudk cHae7@Smaomrusif[kefrSm @Sufajumuf

pdwfawGvnf; _zpfonf? 7rufpdwfawGvnf; xef_yif;vmonf? 0rf;enf;rSK

awGvnf; _zpfay:onf? xd kc Hpm;r S Kaygi f ;p H kwd k h a'G ;a7m<Sufwifum

tjuD;tus<fud k pdwfvSKyf@ Sm;Iaeavonf?

_zp fay:aeaomc Hpm;r S Kr sm ;wGi f 7rufaZmt[ke fu yd kIy d kI

tm;aumif;vmonf? @Sufajumuf0rf;enf;pdwfwd k hud k wppv$rf;r d k ;vm

onf? rdrd> umr7rufpdwfawG xef_yif;vmonfud k owd_yKrdaom

194

rusif[kefr Sm t7rf;ud kp dwfnpfoGm;onf? 7rufqENrsm;Ed k ;juGvmrSKud k

rvdkvm;? tjuyfudkiftEdlifusih frSKajumifhom r_iif;omyJ odef;atmifausmf

_yKor#ud k cHae7onf? onfudpPrsm;twGufom umrqENt7omxdawGh

r S Krs d K ;awG rusif[kefr_zpfvd k?

'gajumif h 7rufaZmrjuG7avatmif umrqdyfrwuf7atmif

cs d K ;E S dr fxdef;odrf;onf? twif;zdES dy fonf? od k haomfolronf aoG;om;

ql _z d K ;use f ;rmaom i<f@ G< fo lr de f ;uav;wa<muf _zp fonf ht_yi f

odef;atmifausmfuvnf; onfvd kudpPrsm;wGif vdrRmuÈrf;usifvSay7m

twif;yifcs d K ;E S dr fxm;onfhjum;uyif umrqdyfawG w7dyf7dyfwufonf?

7rufaZmawGu t[kefxef_yif;p Gm Ed k ;juGonf? rusif[kefwa<muf

odef;atmifausmf>7ifcGi fxJwGif EG J hE G J haysmhaysmh_zpfoGm;onf?

xdktcgodef;atmifausmfu rusif[kef>ES kwfcrf;uk d zduygpkyferf;

ae7mrSv$wfonf? tm;7yg;7pkyferf;c Hc J h7aom rusif[ke>ESKwfcrf;om;

av;rsm;onf wqwfqwfyifwkefaeonf?

odef;atmifausmfu apmufywfudkudkifonf? udkifwmrS rusif[kef

0wfxm;aompuyfxrDudkqGJvSefum aygif7if;cGqHkud k vuf!SdK;xd k;ES d Kuf_yD;

tyDud ki f _cif;_zpfonf?

aoG;om;awGEdk;juGaecsdefrd k h rusif[kef>tzkwfrSm rdk hazgif;Iaeonf?

195

t7nfrsm;pd kIaeonf? tomtkyfIyGwfay;vdkuf7m aumifrav;>yg;pyfrS

AvH k;AaxG;a7@Gwf_rnfwrf;oHawG ay:xGufonf? odef;atmifausmfonf

apmufzkwfud k av;ig;csufavmuf cyfzdzdyGwfay;_yD;aemuf tomzG<fcGm

onf? rusif[kef>7ifxJ uwkefu7ifESi f hwrs d K ;juD;_zpfum usefaecJ h

onf?

Þ puyfjuD;u @SKyfaew<f? cÈwfypfvk dufr<faemf ß

odef;atmifausmfu a_ymonf? yg;pyfuomcGif hawmif;aeonf?

vufuawmh w@kwfu_ym;rav;> puyfcg;pnfcs dwfud k qG J_zKwfvd kuf

_y D?

Þ [if htif;- -[if htif;- -rcÈwfeJ h ß

rusif[kefu _iif;qefonf? _iif;r<fhom_iif;aeonf? odef;atmif

ausmf>t_yKtrludkawmh tmrS[efhwm;_cif;r_yK? odef;atmifausmfuvnf;

vuf_refvSonf? _zwfqd kcg;pnf;cs dwfud k _zKwfum puyfud k ZwfueJ

qG JcÈwfz<f@Sm;ypfvd kufonf? rdrd>7nf;pm;7efyd ki fp d k ;E Si f h ESpfO D;oabmwl

junf_zLpGmpyf<SufcJ hjupOfuyif rcÈwfcJ haompuyf@SnfrSm odef;atmif

ausmfESi f husrS uÈwfuGmv#uf rusif[kefc_rm 7nf;pm;vnf;r[kwfaom

wpdr f ;a<mufsm;wa<mufa@S hwGi f atmufyd ki f ;yvmusif;um zifjuD;

ta_ymifom;| aygifvH k ;juD;awGtazG;om; _zpfae7_yD? odef;atmifausmf

196

uvnf; rdrd0wfxm;aomykqd k;ud k cÈwfcsypfvd kufonf? ol>iyJjuD;

uawmh rwfrwfjuD;awmifaeav_yD?

o d e f ; a t m i f a u s m f o n f tou f i < f @ G < f E k y s d K u m

yifud k<ftm;_zif hvnf; umrtm;oefpGr f ;ol_zpfay7m a':wifrm0if;ud k

y<fy<fe<fe<fvdk;_yD; okwf7nfawGxGufcJ honfrSm rjumao;aomfvnf;

olhvD;uawmh vdk;yGJtopfqifE$J7ef toifhrwfawmifaeav_yD? rusif[kefrSm

rsufaphudkpH krS dwfxm;av7m olrudkvd k;awmhrnf; odef;atmifausmf>vD;udk

r_rifao;yg? aumifrav;u olr>aygifcGjum;ud kvnf; vuf0g;av;

ESpfbuf_zif htkyfum wwfEd li for# zH k ;z H k ;z dz dxm;@Smao;onf? 'gayr<fh

odef;atmifausmfu vufESpfbufud k yd ki fy d ki fE d li fE d li fqG Jud ki fum ab;od k h

z<f@Sm;vd kufonf?

pdwfawGt7rf;vSKyf@ Sm;um 7rufaZmawG w7dyf7f dy fwufaeaom

rusif[kefc_rm odefa;tmifausmf _yKor# Ekae7awmhonf? ieJom;u

vufawGqG Jz<f@ k Hwifru aumifrav;>aygi fE Sp facsmi f ;ud kyi f qG J _z J

vd kufao;onf? _yD;awmh aumifrav;>aygifjum;od k h rsufESmtyfcsum

apmufywfud kukef;I7ufavawmhonf?

ode f ;atmifausm fonfvd kvky fvdr f hrnf[k rusif[ke fvH k ;0rxif?

aumifrav;rSm t7rf;ud kc d kufIoGm;onf? @Sufonf? ajumufonf?

197

_y D;awmh 7rufvS d Ki f ;awGuvnf; xefonfxufxefvmawmhonf?

Þ td ktd k- -bmvkyfwmvJ- -[m rvkyfe J h- -td ktd k tarh- -

[ifh[ifh- -raumif;ygbl;@Sif? tJ'g- -raumif;ygbl;- -[m a_ymvdk hvnf;

r7bl;? trav;av;- -tdk;td k ;- - ß

rusif[kefonf trs d K ;rs d K ;tzH kz H ka_ym7if; @ke f;xGufzd k h judK;pm;@Sm

onf? odef;atmifausmfuaygifESp facsmif;ud k yckef;ESp fbuf_zif hxrf;um

vufrsm;_zi f h!Sy fxde f ;xm;onfomru qef hxkwf fxm;aomvufrsm;u

aumifrav;>vufESpfbuftm; qGJud ki fcsKyfxm;av7m rusif[kefr@ke f;

Ed li f? apmufywfud kvnf; tm;7yg;7 yg;pyfESi f huyfpkyfvk duf| @SmESif hxd k ;

7ufvd ku f | avrS Kwfay;vd ku fvky fae7m _ii f ;qe faeonf h jum;r Syi f

rusif[kefwa<muf wudk<fvH k ;z de f ;ueJ@S de f ;ueJ_zpfv#ufxGef hxGe f hvl;I

aeonf?

c^r#tzkwf7ufay;_yD;aemuf odef;atmifausmfu tomcGm_yD;

rusi f[ ke fu d k tay:t0wfr sm ;u d kc Èw fc d k i f ; _ye fonf? rusi f[ ke fr S m

cd ki f;onfhtwdkif;vkyf7@Smonf? odef;atmifausmfuvnf; olhud k<fay:wGif

usefaeonfht0wfrsm;udk cÈwfypfvkduf7m ESpfa<mufvHk; udk<fvHk;wD;ESif h

Avmusif;IoGm;juonf?

198

Þ udkif;- -rif;udkigvdk;awmhr<f? 'l;ESpfvHk;axmif_yD; aygifjuD;awG

um;xm;vd kuf- - ß

tydkifud kifxm;Ed lif_yD_zpfaomodef;atmifausmfu t_ywfudka_ymqdk

apcd ki f;onf? rusif[kefvnf; rxl;awmhonfhta_ctaerd k h (pdwfuvnf;

vS Ky f@ Sm;E d k ; juGae_ye f7m) ode f ;atmifausm fc d ki f ;onf htwd ki f ; vd kufem

vkyfaqmifay;vd kufonf? odk haomf rjumao;cifurS tvdk;cHzl;avaom

rdef;uav;wa<mufrd k h aygifum;IapmufywfjuD;txif;om;ay:oGm;aom

tcg tvdkvd kyif apmufzkwfay:vuf0g;_zif htkyfIumvdkufrd@Smonf?

o de f ;atmi fausm fu rusi f[ ke f>aygi fE Sp fc k jum;wGi f0i fum

ae7m<lonf?

Þ a[h- -usifusif? apmufywfudkbmvdk h vufeJ htkyfxm;wmvJ?

'Dvd ktkyfxm;7if eif hapmufywfxJud k ig hvD;b<fvd kvkyfxd k ;oGif;7rSmvJ?

vufz<fvd kuf- - ß

odef;atmifausmfu wpfwpfcGcGud ka_ymqd konf?

rusif[kefrSm rsufESmylxlIyifoGm;onf? odkhaomf 7rufaZmuawmh

yd kvd k h _yif;_yvmonf? tvdk;cHvd konfhqENawGvnf; xdef;vd k hr7Ed li fatmif

_zp fvmav_y D ? aygi fc G jum;apmufywfay:tky fxm;aom vuf0g ;ud k

ab;od k hz<fay;vd kufrdonf? xdkod k hvkyfay;vd kufaomtcgwGif bmajumif h

199

rSef;rod? juufoD;zsef;ueJxonf? apmufaphav;onfvnf; aig hueJ

cÈefwufvmonf? Ed koD;acgif;rsm; yd kwif;rmaumhaxmifvmonf?

ode f;atmifausmfu rusif[ke f>apmufywfud k aoaocsmcsm

junfhonf? w@kwfu_ym;rav;rd k h apmufywfuav; azG;tkIaeonf?

apmufar$;av;awG cyfa7;a7;aygufv#uf@S donf? 7efyd ki fp d k ;yguifzGi f hum

vd k;xm;_yD;_zpfaomfvnf; tzkwftv<faumifae7monf [_yJ_zpfrae

ao;? tuGJajumif;a7;a7;om _rif7onf? apmuf7nfjunfawGuawmh

@$rf;@$rf;pd kaeonf? teHhav;u cyfpl;pl;? odef;atmifausmfu apmufywfay:

ØxG D × ueJ wHawG;wcsufaxG;csonf?

rusif[kef>apmufywfwGif apmuf7nfjunfawGu t7r;fud k

p d kaeonf? taxGtxl;xyfI wHawG;axG;p7m rvdkyg? rusif[kefyd kI

7rufjuG_yD; pG Jp G Jrufruf_zpfap7ef7nf@G<fI odef;atmifausmfu wrif

vkyfvd kuf_cif;_zpfygonf?

Þ td k- -[if h ß

at;pufpufwHawG;rsm; tzkwfay:qwfueJusvmrSKonf w@kwf

u_ym;rav;udk qwfueJyifwGef hoGm;aponf? xdktcs de frSmyif odef;atmif

ausmfu tzkwf0wGif olhvD;acsmif;juD;ud k awhaxmufvd kufonf?

200

Þ [if h ß

vD;>tawGhajumifh juufoD;zsef;ueJxoGm;7avaom rusif[kef

>ES Kwfz sm;r S nnf;oHav;oJ hoJ hay:xGufonf? ode f ;atmi fausm fu

ol hv D ; juD ;ud k tomz dumxd k ;o Gi f ;onf? 'p f juD ;>xdy fy d ki f ;avmuf

tz kwfav;xJ _r Ky f0i fonf? rusi f[ke f>rsufE Smav; wcsufr J hue J

_zpfonf? r0ifao;aomajumif h odef;atmifausmfu wcsuftm;zdum

xdk;xnfhonf? xdktcgwGifrS vD;'pfjuD;wckvH k ; apmufacgif;xJ_rKyf0if

onf?

Þ tm;- -uÈwfuÈwf- -emw<f tm; ß

rusif[kef>yg;pyfrS pkwfoyfnnf;oH ay:xGufvmonf? wufcG

xd k ;oGi f ;aeavol ode f ;atmi fausm f>7ifbwfud kvnf; vufuav;

ESpfbuf_zif h vSrf;wGef;@Smonf? odef;atmifausmf>vD;u q<fvufrcef h

@ Snf_yD; bdvyf7nfykvif;zifyd ki f;avmuf tvHk;wkwfav7m apmapmav;

wifurS yguifzGi f htvk d;c H7_yD;umptzkwfav;wGif wif;juyfaeonf?

apmapmutvdk;cHxm;cJ h7rSKajumif h emjuifusde f;pyfaeonfht@S de fuvnf;

@S dae_yef7m rusif[kef tawmfud kemonf? od k haomf odef;atmifausmfu

vD;toGif;uÈrf;vSay7m emonfhjum;uyif t7omvnf;t7rf;awG hae

onf?

201

ode f ;atmi fausm fu nmvufud kqe f hwe f ;um rusi f[ke f>

b<fbuf7ifom;ud k cyfwif;wif;zsp f!Sp fvd kufonf? aumifrav;>

nmbufwifyg;_crf;ud kvnf; udki fonf? _yD;awmh vD;ud ky d kIyd kIzdoGif;

onf? vD;ud kz doGi f ;7if; Ed k htH kud kud ki f!Spfxm;onfhvufud kvnf; yd kI

zspf!Spfay;onf? vD;yd k0ifav| Ed k hy d k!Spfav_zpfonf? vD;ujuD;vGef;

aomajumi f h apmu fyw fx Jw Gi f tjuy ftody f _ zp f aeaom fvnf ;

ode f ;atmifausm fu vD;toGi f ;uÈr f ;usi fvSolr d k h vD;acsmi f ;juD;u

apmufywfav;xJ wp fIwp fIwd k ;0i fonf? rusi f[ ke fc _rmvnf ;

vD;yd kwd k ;0ifvmwd ki f; wtif htif h wuÈwfuÈwf nnf;!lpkwfoyfae7

@Smonf? wtdtdESi f hxd k ;oGif;vd kuf7m aemufqH k;wGif ol hvD;juD;wacsmif;

vH k ; apmufywfxJ tqHk;_rKyf0ifoGm;avawmhonf?

202

wbufcef;xJwGifvnf; q7mra':wifrm0if;wa<muf 7efydkifpd k;>

apcd ki f ;csuftwd ki f ; ud k<fwH k ;vH k ;cÈwf7@Smavonf? ode f ;atmifausm f

cÈwf<loGm;aomajumif h a':wifrm0if;>ud k<fay:wGif xrDESi f htay:

tusô r@S dawmh? twGif;c Ht0wfawGom @S daeonf? a':wifrm0if;onf

x d ku se faeao;aomtwGi f ;c Ht0wftpm;r sm ;u d k c Èw fyp f7@ S monf ?

Avmusif;oGm;aom a':wifrm0if;> vHk;juD;aygufvSudk<fvH k;ud k<fxnf

juD;ud k 7efyd ki fp d k ;u tm;7yg;7ud kjunfhonf? olonf a':wifrm0if;ud k

onfvd kud k<fvH k ;wD;cÈwfjunfhvd kaewm jum_yD? a':wifrm0if;r Sm

[JAD;qd kufjuD;_zpfonf? Ed k hjuD;awGxGm;ovdk wifqH kjuD;um aygifvH k ;

aygi fwefr sm;awmif hoe fonf? vlaumif ;juD ;ovd k apmufz kwfvnf;

juD;onf?

q7mra':wifrm0if;> 0wfvpfpvpfudk<fvHk;udk<fxnfxGm;xGm;

juD;ud k _rif7aomtcg 7efyd ki fp d k ;r Sm vd k;csi fonfhp dwfawG wzGm;zGm;

ay:vmv#uf vD;acsmif ;juD;onfvnf; rwfueJyifawmifIvmonf?

7efyd ki fp d k ;onfvnf; odef;atmifausmfenf;wlyif umrpGrf;tm;oefpGr f;ol

_zpfonf? wcsDavmufESif ha'gif;roGm;? tenf;qHk; oHk;av;cs Davmufawmh

aumif;aumif;qG JE d li fonf? 'gayr<fh wcsDESi f hwcs Djum;wGif tenf;i<f

203

em;ay;zd k hawmhvd konf?

apmapmav;uwif a':wifrm0if;>vD;pkyfay;rSKajumifh okwf7nf

rsm;yef;xGufcJ h _y D;_zpfum aemufxyfvD;awmifvmzd k h tenf;i<ftcs de f<l

7tH k;rnf[k 7efyd ki fp d k ;u xifxm;onf?

<ckvdk csufcsif;vD;_yefawmifvmvdrfhrnf[k rxif? a':wifrm0if;

udk <cifuyifjudwfypfrSm;cJ hv#uf t7rf;vdk;csifaecJhaom pdwftcHtiftm;

_yif;p Gm@S daeaomajumif h <ckvd kvD;u t_refyif _yefvnfrwfawmif

vm_cif;_zpfonf?

vD;_yefawmifvm_yDrd k h 7efyd ki fp d k ;u a':wifrm0if;ud k wcs Dwnf;

wef;vd k ;avawmhonf?

Þ ud ki f ;- -q7mrud kvd k ;r<f? [k dpm;y G Jay:vufaxmuf_y D ;

ukef;ay;- - ß

wbufce f ;r SmuJ ho d k h jud Kwifz smci f ;xm; _ci f ;r@ S donf htwGuf

jurf;_yifay:wGifvnf; onftwdkif;tdyfIrvdk;csifaomajumifh 7efyd kifpd k;u

q7mra':wifrm0if;ud k tukef;cd ki f ; _cif;_zpfonf?

q7mra':wifrm0if;onf wynfh_zpfola_ymonfhtwdkif; tvdk;cH7ef

204

ukef;ay;7avonf? xdkuJ hod k huke f;ay;7rSKajumif h olr>pdwf wrsd K ;wzH k

vSKy f@ Sm;onf?

Þ awmuf- -q7mrzi f ju D ;u t<faewmy JA sm ? ' Dv d k

qH kaumif;aumif; rdef;rrs d K ;ud k zd kufcsifaewmeJ htawmfyJ [if; ß

7efyd kifpd k;u a':wifrm0if;>zifqHkjuD;udkudkifyGwf7if; tHjudwfum

a_ymonf? a':wifrm0if;rSm ziftawmfjuD;onf? <ckvd kukef;ay;xm;

aomtcg zif00wpfwpfjuD;u yd kIum;_yD;wpf7pfaeonf?

xd kod k ha_ym_yD;aemuf 7efyd ki fp d k ;u apmufywfud kwcsufES d KufyGwf

onf? xd kaemufol>vD;acsmi f ;juD;ud k taemufod k h _yL;xGufaeaom

apmufywf0wGi f awhvd ku fonf? a':wi frm0i f ;>' l ;ac gi f ;E Sp fc ku

tvdktav#mufyif uGoGm;v#uf cg;aumhonf?

7efyd ki fp d k ;u zdxd k ;vd kuf7m vD;'pf_yJvefjuD;u apmufywfxJ

_rKy f0ifonf?

Þ tm;uÈwfuÈwf emw<fuGm? _znf;_znf;- -t7rf;juD;

xd k ;rxnfhe J h- - ß

vD;toGif;wGif atmif hIemaomajumif h a':wifrm0if;pkwfoyf

205

nnf;um awmif;yefonf? a':wifrm0if;rSm apmuftH kjuD;aomfvnf;

apmufacgif;uusOf;ay7m 7efyd ki fp d k ;tae_zif h apmapmav;wifu rdrd

yguifzGif hum aps;OD;azgufcJ haom rusif[kef>tysd Kppfppfapmufacgif;av;

ud kvd k ;7ovdk wif;juyfpD;yk di fr S K@ S donf? vd k;7wm t_ywfud kaumif;rSm

ud kvnf; odonf? 'gajumif h vD;ud kqufzdoGif;onf? t7rf;juD;awmh

r[kwf? cyf_znf;_znf;xd k ;oGif;_cif;_zpfonf?

a':wifrm0if;onf juufoD;awGzsef;zse f;xaeonf? wynfh>

tvdk;c Hae7wm roif havsmfr Se f ;odaomfvnf; zDvifuawmh wufonf?

umrt7omawGhonf? 'gajumif h pkwfoyfnnf;7if;uyif tvdk;c Hae

onf? wifyg;qH kjuD;ud kyif rodromaumhaumhay;onf? yg;pyfuvnf;

wuÈwfuÈwfpkwfoyfnnf;um Øemw<f- -emw<f- -× [laom

pum;vH k ;rsm;ud kvnf; xyf_ye fwvJvJa_ymaeonf? q7mr_zpfv#uf

wynfh>tvdk;c Hae_cif;ud k @Sufajumufonfhp dwftm;_zif h a_zodrf honfh

tae_zif h onfvd ka7@Gwf_rnfwrf;ae_cif;_zpfonf? wif;wif;juyfjuyf

wd k ;0ifaeonfrd k h emawmhemaomfvnf; tvdk;c Hz l ; _y D ;aomapmufywfrd k h

rcHr7yfEd lifatmif emjuif_cif;awmhr@S dyg? aemufqHk;wGifawmh vD;wacsmif;

vH k ; apmufywfxJ_rKy f0i fonf? 7efy d ki fp d k ;u vD;ud ktompdr fxm;_y D ;

z Dvi f<laeonf? a':wi frm0i f ;tae_zi f hvnf ; r dr dapmufac gi f ;x J

euf@S d Ki f ;p Gm tjuyftodyfwd k ;0ifaeaomvD;wefjuD;> txdtawG hud k

aumif;aumif;juD;cHpm;7v#uf 7ifwvSyfvSyfcke faeonf?

206

xdktcd kufa':wifrm0if;onf wpH kw7mud kpOf;pm;vd kufrdonf?

7efydkifpdk;uvnf; aqmifhvdk;7eftwGuf a':wifrm0if;>cg;ESpfbufudk

cyfwif;wif;qkyfud ki fvmonf?

Þ c^- -c^av;uGm- -a_ymp7m@S dvd k h- - ß

a':wifrm0if;u uref;uwef;yifa_ymvd kufonf? xdktcs de fwGif

7efyd kifpd k ;u aqmifhvd k;7eftpysdK;onfhtae_zif h vD;acsmif;juD;udk 'pft7if;

yd ki f ;ay:onftxd a':wifrm0if;>apmufywfxJrS qGJxkwfvd kufonf?

Þ bma_ymrSmvJ? _ref_refa_ym? uÈefawmf aqmif hvd k ;awmh

rvd k h- - ß

a_yma_ymqd kqd k tzkwfxJr Sxkwfxm;aomvD;ud k cyf_yif ; _yif ;

aqmif hoGif;vd kuf7m a':wifrm0if;rSm pum;ra_ymEd li fao;yJ Øtif h- -

[if h ×[k touf@SLrSm;oGm;7ayonf?

Þ [dk- -[dk- -vkyfwmawmh vkyfayg huGm- -t7nfud kawmh

t_yifrSm xkwfay;ygaemf ß

207

a':wifrm0if;u uref;uwef;yif a_ymqd konf?

7efyd ki fpd k ;vd k;wmudk rcHIr7? tvdk;cH7awmhrnfudk em;vnfonfh

twGuf xdkod k htvd k;c H7if; rawmfwqudk<f0ef@S doGm;v#if _y\emawG

wufvmEd li fajumif;awG;rdonfhtwGuf <ckvd ka_ym_cif;_zpfonf?

7e fy d ki fp d k ;E Si f ho de f ;atmi fausm fwd k honf rusi f[ke fud kvd k ;7v#i f

<c kyxry d ki f ;Y apmufywfxJY okwf7nfawGud kye f ;rxnf hay;7e f

wd ki fyi fxm;juonf? Zmwf0i fatmi ftyd ki fvd k ;E d li f _y D ;aemufy d ki f ;wGi fr S

ud k<f0e fr7Ed li fap7ef aq;rsm;oH k ; _y D ;r S okwf7nfrsm; apmufywfxJ

ye f ;xnf hc si foavmufye f ;xnf hay;z d k h p DpO fxm;juonf? r dr dw d k h>

jud Kwi ftjuHtpnfc Gi fxJwGi frygy J tajumi f ;ze fwD ;Ivd k ;c Gi f h7aom

q7mra':wifrm0if;ud k <ckaps;OD;aygufvd k;onfhtcgwGif apmufywfxJ

okwf7nfrxnfhyJxm;7ef 7efyd ki fp d k ;u pdwful;xm;_yD;_zpfonf? od k haomf

<cka':wifrm0if;u a_ymvmawmh ieJom;u enf;enf;7pfvd kufav

ao;onf?

Þ [m- -q7mruvJ? vdk;wm apmufywfxJv7nfyef;xnfh

ay;rS zDvifvmrSmayg h? q7mru [kdaq; pm;rxm;bl;vm; ß

7efy d ki fp d k ;u yg;pyfua_ym7if; vD;ud kapmufywfxJ xd k ;oGi f ;

208

_yefxmwfvkyfaeonf? aqmif hvd k ; _cif;awmhr[kwf? tomt<ma!Smif h

ae_cif;_zpfonf? a':wifrm0if;>apmufywfxJrS apmuf7nfjunfawG

trsm;t_ym;<d kp dr f hxGufaeav7m vD;t0iftxGufuwif;juyfaomfvnf;

acsmarG honf? AspfAspf[laomtoHuav;rsm;yif _rnfonf?

Þ i g ha<muf sm ;r S ' Dr S mr Sr@ S dwm? bmaq;pm;xm;7r SmvJ ?

'gajumif h a_ymwmayg h? tJ'gawmh onf;cHygaemf? txJrSmrxnfhyge J h?

awmfjum _y\emawG@S Ky fuke f7if raumif;bl;? vkyf77if auseyf

awmhaemf- - ß

Þ q7mrqDrSm wm;aq;awGbmawGawmh @S dw<fr[kwfvm; ß

a':wifrm0if;u tenf;i<fwH k hqd ki f ;ae_yD;r S- -

Þ tif;- -@S dawmh @S dwmayg h- - ß

Þ 'gqd k 'Dwcgawmh v7nfud k q7mr7J hzifjuD;ay: yef;csr<f?

aemufat;at;aq;aq;awG h _y D ; tvd k ;c Hw J htcgusr S apmufywfxJ

tyDyef;xnfhwmayg h? tJ'gus7ifawmh aq;judKpm;xm;aemf [kwfvm; ß

Þ [dk- -[dk- -rif;e J h ig- -xyf_yD;- -[kd'if;- -vkyfjutkef;

209

rSmvm; ß

Þ 'gayhg- -at;at;aq;aq;cs de f;awG h_yD; vdk;juaysmfjur<f

av- - ß

rusif[kefud k cs def;qdkac:xkwf_yD; y<fy<fe<fe<f enf;vrf;rs d K;pH k

_zi f h tm;7yg;7vd k ;ju7ef ode f ;atmifausm fE Si f h7e fy d ki fp d k ;wd k h judKwif

wd ki fyifxm;ju_yD;_zpfonf? <ck q7mra':wifrm0if;ud kyg twlac:um

vdk;yG JjuD;qif7ef pdwful;7aomajumif h 7efyd ki fpd k ;u pum;tpysd K;xm;_cif;

_zpfonf?

<aeh olwdk hpdwfjudKuftvdk;cH_yD;v#if udpP_yD;_yD[k a':wifrm0if;

xifxm;cJ honf? a@S hqufI 7efyd ki fp d k ; | odef;atmifausmfwd k h vd k;wm

cHae7tkef;rnf[k rxifrdcJ hay? <kck7efyd ki fp d k ;a_ympum;t7 rdrdrSm olwd k h

oabmusac:I vdk;csifovdkvd k ;rnf hb0odk h a7muf7_yDud k em;vnfoGm;

onf?

Þ [muGm- -tJ'Dvd krs d K ;juD;awGawmh rvkyfjuygeJ h? 'Daehe J hy J

_zwfjuygaemf ß

7efydkifpd k;u bmr#ra_ymawmh? a_ymaep7mvnf; rvdkyg? olhbufu

yk di fae_yDyJ? olwd k hac:v#if a':wifrm0if;r_iif;Ed li fy J vmudkvm7rnfu

210

odyfud k aocsmonfr[kwfvm;?

7efyd ki fpd k ;u cyfjur;fjurf; cyf_yif;_yif;aqmif hI aqmif hvd k;onf?

vd k;7if; Ed k htH kjuD;awGud kvnf; qGJvd kufao;onf? a':wifrm0if;onf

pm;yG Jay: udk<ftxufyd ki f;ud karSmufcsum ukef;ay;xm;7m Ed k hud ki f7wmu

odyftxmrus?

Þ q7mr? pm;yGJay:udk vufeJhyJaxmufxm;_yD; udk<ftxufydkif;udk

juGay;yg? Ed k hqG J7wm odyftqifra_ybl; ß

7efyd ki fp d k ;uawmh tyd ki fud kc d ki f;aeonf? q7mra':wifrm0if;c_rm

rSmvnf; pm;yG Jay:arSmufcsukef;ay;xm;7mrS tomjuGum vuf_zif h

axmufay;7onf? xdktcg 7efyd ki fpd k ;tzd k h cs d Kif;atmufrStomvufv#dKum

r d k hx Gm ;avaomE d k ht H k ju D ;r sm ;u d k p dw f ju d Ku fu d k i fE d l i f avawm honf?

Ed k hqG Jvd k ;ae7mrS wrs d K ;vkyfvm_yefonf? vD;ud kaemufrS aumhumyif hum

aqmif hvd k ;onf? vD;aqmif htoGif;wGif Ed k hrsm;ud k cyfwif;wif;ud ki f!Spf

ay;onf? a':wifrm0if;rSm t7omawGhoGm;7m cg;ud kE G J hI zifjuD;ud k

<rf ;c gvS Ky f@ Sm ;ay;onf? oabFmom;r<m;r d k h onfvd ktay;rs d K ;awG

em;vnfaeonf? cg;ud kvde f zifjuD;vSKy f@ Sm;ay;_cif; _zpf7m 7efy d ki fp d k ;

t7rf;ud kt7omawGhaeonf?

211

a':wifrm0if;rSm 7rufxefaomrdef;rjuD;wa<muf_zpf_yD; 7efyd kif

p d k ;uvnf; tvdk;aumif;ay7m tjuyfud ki ftEd li fusif hum twif;t"rR

vd k ;_cif;_zpfaomfvnf; vdk;aqmif hr S Kt@S de f7vmaomtcg a':wifrm0if;

z Dvi fwufvmonf? t7omawG hvmonf? xd kajumi f h cg ;ud kE G J hI

wifyg;qHkjuD;udk <rf;um vSKyf@Sm;ay;onf? vHk;juD;aygufvSqdkufjuD;juD;

vlaumifxGm;xGm;_zpf7m vSKyf@Sm;ay;rS Ku tvGefud kaumif;_yD; 7ruf

xefp7m_zpfonf?

cg;udkvdefEG J hum vSKyf@Sm;ay;ae_cif;rd k h zifqHk00juD;onf wodrfhodrfh

wkefcgaeonf? ukef;ay;xm;aoma':wifrm0if;aemufrS rwfwyf7yfum

cGIvd k;aeol 7efyd ki fp d k ;tzd k h t7rf;ud kt7omawGhaeonf? 7efyd ki fp d k ;r Sm

touft@G<fomi<fao;onf? vdk;z l;aomrdef;ruawmh <cka':wifrm

0if;ESi f hygqd kv#if ig;a<muf@S dae_yD? a':wifrm0if;vkyfay;ovdk zifqH k

vSKy fcgay;rS Kajumif h vD;t0ifvrf;ajumif; wrlqef;um xl;uJaom

zDvift7omrs d K ;vnf; rcHpm;zl;ao;yg?

Þ aumif;vdkufwmq7mr7m- -q7mrzifjuD;vSKyfay;wm t_ywf

cd kufw<fAsm- -tm;yg; tD;- -vSKyf- -vSKyf- -[kwf_yD- -qHkjuD;ud k

212

t_ywfvSKyfay;prf;- - ß

t7omt_ywfawGhaomajumif h 7efyd ki fp d k ;onf tHjudwfa_ym7if;

wtm;oGe fumaqmif hvd k ;onf? vd k ;7if;u zDvifawGyd kwufvmav7m

a':wi frm0i f ;>zi f ju D ;u d kvnf ; z se f ;ue Jz se f ;ue Jyi f@ k du faeonf ?

zifjuD;ud k wcsuf@l dufcsvd kufavwdkif; a':wifrm0if;rSmvnf; pyfzsif;zsif;

emjuifrS KESi f htwl zDvifawGwufv#uf yg;pyfrS td k;ueJtD;ueJtoHxGuf

onf? olr>apmufywfuvnf; vd k ;o Gi f ;aeaomvD;acsmi f ; juD ;ud k

ppfueJ!Spfum qGJ<lonf? xdkod k h!Spf<lrSKu 7efyd kifpd k;udkvnf; yd kt7om

awGhap7m ieJom;rSm t7rf;ud k _zpfvmonf?

Þ aumif;vd kufwmq7mr7m? awmuf- -q7mrudkvd k ;7wm

odyfaumif;wmyJ? qHkuvnf;juD;- -apmufywfjuD;uvnf; !Spftm;

aumif;e J h- -awmuf- - ß

Þ zsef;- -zsef;-- ß

Þ td k;- -rm;rm;- -aqmif h aqmif h- -wtm;aqmif hav- -

tm; tm;- -[kwf_yD tm;- - ß

a':wifrm0if;r Smvnf zif@k dufcH7wmud k em7rSe f;rodEd li fawmh

213

avmufatmif 7rufwufaeum 7efyd ki fp d k ;ud k wtm;vd k;7efwd kufwGef;

a_ymqd k7i f ; wifqH kjuD;ud k ypfpvufcwfyif<rf;cgvS Ky f@ Sm;ay;onf?

aemufo d k h yi f aum haum hw Ge f ;ay ;vmonf? qe f h axmufxm;aom

a_caxmufESpfacsmif;ud kvnf; yl;uyfay;onf? xdktcg apmufacgif;u

yd kI pD;pD;yk di fy d ki f _zpfonf? aqmif hvd k ;7wma7m aqmif htvdk;c H7wmyg

yd kIaumif;vmonf? xdkaemuf a':wifrm0if;onf a_caxmufESpfacsmif;

ud k yl;uyfxm;@k Homru wacsmif;ESi f hwacsmif; vdrfay;vd kufao;onf?

apmufywftwGi f ;om;rsm;uvnf; ar#m hawGyrm 7e fy d ki fp d k ;>vD;ud k

!Spf!SpfpkyfqG Jaejuav7m pkyftm;uvnf; oefonfxufoefvmonfrd k h

7efy d ki fp d k ;r Sm b<fvd kr Srxdef;E d li fawmhyJ okwf7nfawGyef;xGufvmav

awmhonf? okwfxGufawmhrnf_yKonfESif h 7efyd ki fp d k ;onf a':wifrm0if;

>apmufywfxJrS ol>vD;ud k qG J_zKwfonf?

apmufywfxJwGif okwf7nfawGyef;xkwfay;v#if rawmfwq

a':wifrm0if;Ad kufjuD;um _y\emawG@SKyfukefrnfpd k;aomajumif h tcsdefrD

qG Jxkwf_cif; _zpfonf? a':wifrm0if;E Si f hrusif[ke fwd k hud k tcs de f<lum

at;at;aq;aq;vdk;onfhtcgwGifrS wm;aq;awGjudKwifpm;cd ki f;xm;_yD;

tz kwfxJ okwf7nfrsm;t_ywfye f ;xnf hay;vd kuf7ayrnf? <cktcg

wGifawmh t_yifbufrSmom yef;xkwf7aytH k;rnf?

a':wifrm0if;u a_caxmufESpfacsmif;ud kvdefxm;7m tzkwfonf

214

aygifjum;wGif!Syfv#uf apmufacgif;uvnf; yd kIwif;juyfpD;yd ki faeonf?

7efyd kifpd k;u tawmfyiftm;pd kufum vD;udkqGJxkwfrS vD;uuÈwfxGufonf?

qG Jx kwfonf htcs de f tenf ;i<fjuH h jumonf htwGuf apmufywfr S

vD;_yKwfoGm;cs de fr Smyif okwf7nfwd k hysp fueJyef;xGufonf? uÈwfxGuf

oGm;aomvD;wefxdy fz sm;y d ki f ;r Sm apmufywfE Si f hwayruGmwuGmr#om

@ S d ao;7m tz kw fem ;w Gi f o kw f7n fuy fye f ;v d ku fov d k _ zp fon f ?

tm;aumif;armif;oef usef;rmoefpGr f;aomvlys d Kvl@G<frd k h okwfxGuftm;

uvnf; _yif;onf? okwf7nfwd k huapmufzkwfud k t@S de fE Si f hxdrdonf?

vD;qGJxkwfvdkufumprd k h apmufywfuvnf; [_yJ_yJ_zpfae7m apmufacgif;

twGif;bufom;EkEkrsm;ud k okwf7nfpufrsm; xdrSe fr donf?

Þ tm;- -tD;tD;- -tm; b<fvd kjuD;vJuGm? tm;yg;yg;- -

tD;- - ß

aigufawmufaxmifaeaomapmufaphud kyg okwf7nfrsm;t@S de f_zif h

xdrd7m a':wifrm0if;wa<muf juufoD;zse f ;zse f ;xum acgif;armh |

cg;aumh | wifqH kjuD;<rf;I t_ywfud k _zpfoGm;7onf? vif@S dr<m;

wa<mufrd k h a':wifrm0if;tae_zif h tvdk;c H7if;apmufywfxJokwf7nf

awGye f ;x kwfxnf hay;c H7r S K tawG htjuH Kaumi f ;aumi f ;@ S dxm;onf?

onfvd k apmufywfud k okwf7nfESi f hzse f;onfhoabmrs d K ;ud kawmh wcgr#

rjuHKzl;ao;cJ h? TtawGhtjuHKu 7rufxef7ifckefzG<f7maumif;vSay7m

215

a':wifrm0if; wcs D Ø_yD;× oGm;onf?

7efyd ki fp d k ;onf vD;ud kqG J _zKwf_yD;onfESi f h vlvnf;aemufod k hqkwf

onf? olhvD;uawmh okwf7nfawG yspfueJyspfueJqufIyef;xGufae7m

xyfrHxGufvmaomokwf7nfrsm;onf a':wifrm0if;> wifyg;_crf;juD;

rsm;| ausm_yifESi f h cg;wd k hay:od k h tEH S husa7mufonf? vnf~kwfod k hyif

okwf7nftcs d K ha7mufonf? qHyifawGay:od k hvnf; tenf;i<fusa7muf

onf? ud k<fwH k ;vH k ;cÈwfum cHae7onf htwGuf okwf7nfrsm;onf

olr>t0wfuif;rJhaom tom;ta7rsm;ay:odkhusa7muf7m ylaEG;pD;uyfaom

txdtawGhud kvnf; q7mra':wifrm0if;wa<muf 7ifzd karm[dkufatmif

cH7onf?

TwGifrS zDvifawGwuf pdwfvSKyf@ Sm;vm_yef7m 'kwd<tcsD

Ø_yD;× 7_yefonf? trsd K;orD;juD;tzd k h ESpfcs DE Sp fvm;qufwd kufud k Ø_yD;×cJ h7m

apmufzkwfxJrSapmuf7nfjunfawG t7rf;ud kxGufonf? jurf;_yifay:

a_caxmufESpfacsmif;csum ukef;Itvdk;cHae7onfhtaetxm;rdk h apmufywf

xJrSv#HxGufvmaomapmuf7nfjunfrsm;onf a':wifrm0if;>a_zmif hpif;

oG<fwef;aom aygifvH k ;juD;rsm;wav#muf atmufod k hp D ;usonf?

wbufcef;wGifvnf; 7efyd ki fp d k ;>7nf;pm; w@kwfu_ym;rav;

rusif[kefr Sm t0wfryg Avmudk<fvH k;wD;_zif h yufvufvSef' l;axmif

216

aygifum;v#uf odef;atmifausmfvd k ;wmudk a7a7vnfvnfyif cHae7

@Smonf? tvd kwljunf_zL_cif ;r@S dy J tjuyfud ki ftrdzrf ;c H7rS Kajumif h

b<fvd kr Srv$ Jra@SmifomonfhtwGuf odef;atmifausmfvd k ;wm cH7_cif;

_zp faomfvnf; rusi f[ke fwa<muf zDvifawGwufIvmae7onf?

w7dyf7dyfwufvmaom umrt7omcHpm;rS Kud k b<fvd kr S _iif;y<fcs d K ;E S dr f

xm;Ir7?

ode f ;atmi fausm fr Sm 7e fy d ki fp d k ;xuf Øvd k ;ouf× yd k7i f honf?

_yD;awmh 7efyd kifpd k ;ud kyif vdk;enf;| aqmifhenf;| rdef;rrsm;7rufpG Jxefatmif

vkyfenf;rsm;ud k vufxyfoif_yay;aeol_zpf7m rjumao;rDurS 7efyd ki f

p d k ;> yguifzGi f htys d K7nfzsufvd k ; _cif;c Hc J h7avonfh tys d K7nfysufump

umrt7omudk od@S dem;vnfump aumifrav;rSm b<frSmv#ifcHE d li fyg

rnfenf;? b<frSmv#if csKyfwD;xdef;odrf;xm;Ed li fygrnfenf;? odef;atmif

ausmfuvnf; aumifrav;zDvifawGud k xdef;odrf;csKy fwnf;cs d K ;E S dr fxm;

ajumif; 7dyfr dav7m rdrdtpGrf;ud k _yoonfhtae_zif h rusif[kef7ruf

rxefxefatmif| umrt7om rawGhawG hatmif pepfwusyif tyDt_yif

vd k ;ay;aeonf?

tpyd kif;wGif odyf_yif;_yif;raqmifhao;yJ tvdk;cH7olrdef;rtae_zif h

z Dviftwuf7qHk;_zpfonfh jurf;_yifnDaqmif henf;_zif hom wcsufcsif;

r Se fr Se fvS Ky f@ Sm;vd k ;oGi f ;ay;aeonf? xd kod k haqmif hay;7if; rusif[ke f>

217

Edk hoD;acgif;av;ESpfckudk wvSnfhpDukef;Ipdk hay;onf? zifqHkjuD;udk yGwfonf?

tdwif;aeaomzifom;juD;rsm;udk cyfwif;wif;zspf!Spfonfht_yif wifyg;qHk

juD;ud k rodromyif qGJyif h<lvSKyfay;avao;onf? wifjuD;juGwuf

vmatmif qG J<lc Hvd kuf7avwd ki f ; vD;u apmufacgi f ;xJy d k0i fum

vD;wefvH k ;ywftxufyd ki f;ESi f h apmufaphwd k honfvnf; yd kIxdrdyGwfrd7m

rusif[kefr Sm juufoD;rsm;zsef;ueJyifxoGm;7avonf? wifjuD;juGwif

vSKyf@ Sm;ay;onfhtwGuf umrt7om yd kxl;_cm;pGm cHpm;7@S dajumif;

rusif[kefem;vnfatmif odef;atmifausmfu txm_yum ZmwfoGif;<l

ae_cif;_zpfonf?

rusif[kefc_rmrSmawmh rdrdudk<frdrd bmawG_zpfrSef;udkyifrodwwf?

olr>pdwftpOfr Sm avxkxJvGi f ha_rmaeonf h 0g~ Gr f ;zwfuav;ES<f

_zpfIaeonf? umrqdyfawGuvnf; b<fvd kr Scs d K ;E S dr fxdef;csKyfIr7Ed li f

awmhyJ w7dyf7dyfESi f h t7rf;ud kwufIvmaeonf?

odef;atmifausmfonf zifjuD;udkqGJyifhvSKyfray;awmhyJ rusif[kef>

tys d KaoG;juGum rd k h0e f ;vH k ;tdaeavaom Ed k ht H kE Sp fvH k ;ud k b<fnm

vufE Sp fbuf_zi f h p H kud ki fqG Jum tm;tenf;i<fxnf hI raES ;r_re f

cyfqwfqwfav;aqmif hvd k ;ay;onf?

aqmi f henf ;uawmh jurf ; _yi fn Daqmi f henf ;ud komoH k ;onf?

218

vD;acsmif;juD;udk jurf;_yifESif hrsOf;_ydKifwa_y;wnf;@S daeapv#uf apmufacgif;

aygufxJxd k;oGif;vd kuf| _yefxkwfvd kufvkyfaeonf? vD;wefjuD;>rwifrSK

ajumifh vD;tqHk;0ifaomtcg rusif[kef>wifyg; rodromtay:juGwuf

um vD;_yefqG JtxkwfwGif atmufod k h _yefItdueJusonf? aygifwefjuD;

rsm;uvnf; tenf;i<fyd kum;v#uf vD;_yefqG JtxkwfwGif rlvtwdki f;

_yef_zpfonf? xdkaemuf rusif[kef>wifyg;u rodromav; juGjuG

vmonf? wodrf hodrf hav;vSKyfvmonf?

zifjuGvSKyf@Sm;v#if t7omydkIaumif;ajumif; em;vnfodaeaom

rusif[kefr Sm odef;atmifausmfu Ed k hud kompH kud ki fqG Jxm;v#uf zifjuD;ud k

qG Jud ki fyif h<lvSKyf@ Sm;ay;wmrs d K ; rvkyfawmhaomtcg rdrdtvdktav#muf

vkyfvmay;_cif;yif_zpfonf? tpyd ki f ;r Smawmh rodrom r7Jw7Jav;yg?

aemufyk di f ;wGifawmh ododomomudk aumhyif hvSKyfcgay;vmonf?

odef;atmifausmfuvnf; rusif[kefzifaumhtay;ESif h tcsdefud kuf

_zpf7avatmifcs de fI vD;ud kaqmif haqmif hxd k ;oGif;ay;av7m rusif[kef

tzd k h umrt7om wodrf hodrf hc Hpm;7v#uf zifjuD;yd kIvSKyf@ Sm;vmonf?

yg;pyfrSvnf; w[if;[if;touf@SL_yif;vmonf? vufuav;rsm;uvnf;

olrud k wufc Gvd k ;aeol ode f ;atmifausm f>vufarmif ;ud kqky fvd kuf |

ausm_yifud kvSrf;yGwfvk duf vkyfvmonf?

219

Þ emao;vm; usifusif ß

vd k;ae7if; odef;atmifausmfu ar;onf? rusif[kef>yg;_yif

wbufud kvnf; @$wfueJ_rnfatmif ukef;Ierf;onf?

Þ [if htif;- -remawmhbl; ß

rusif[kef>yg;pyfrS tvdkvdkyif ta_zpum;xGufonf? v$wfueJ

xGufoGm;_yD;r S rdrda_ymvd kufaomta_zpum;twGuf @Sufum rsufESm

7JueJ_zpfonf?

Þ igvd k ;wm cHvd k haumif;vm_yD r[kwfvm; ß

Þ [m- -bmawGvmar;aewmvJ ß

Þ a_ymprf;yg[? tvdk;cHvd k h aumif;w<fr[kwfvm; ß

Þ odbl;- -odbl;- - ß

Þ ig aqmif hvd k ;ay;r<faemf? [kwfvm; ß

Þ [muGm- -ra_ymeJ h ß

220

Þ 'Dxuf yd k _yif;_yif;aqmif hvd k ;r<faemf ß

Þ [if htif;- -[if htif;- - ß

Þ a[m 'DrSm- - ß

a_yma_ymqd kqd k aqmif hcsufwcsufqwfueJaqmif hvd k ;onf?

Þ bGyf- -tm; tif h- - ß

jurf;_yifnDaqmif henf;_zif h aqmif hae7mrS atmufyif haqmif hoGif;

vd kuf7m vD;onf vrf;ajumif;wrs d K ;a_ymif;um0ifv#uf apmufacgif;

tay:bufod k h yd k0ifxd k ;ar$_yD; om;tdrfud k' kwfueJxd k ;r d7m rusif[kefr Sm

atmi f hue J _zp fovd k wr lx l ;aomxdaw G hr S K z Dvi fvnf ;c Hpm ;7v#u f

yg;pyfr S touf@SLr Sm;_rnfwrf;oHav;xGufv#uf ode f ;atmifausm f>

ausm_yifjuD;ud kvnf; vufuav;ESpfbuf_zif h uref;uwef;od ki f;zuf

rdvd kufavonf?

Þ bGyf- -bGyf- -bGyf- - ß

odef;atmifausmfu atmufyif haqmif hvd k;csufoH k;csuf qufwdkuf

221

aqmif hvd k ;onf? Ed k htH krsm;ud k yd kIwif;wif;qG Jonf? aemufqH k;aqmif hvd k ;

vd kufcs de fwGifr l rusif[kef>nmbufEd k hoD;ud k qG Jqdwfypfvd kufonf?

Þ tm;yg;yg;- -tm; tD;- - ß

rusi f[ke fr Sm Ed k hoD ;qdwfc H7r S Kajumif h emjuifoGm;7cs de fwGi f

aqmif hvd k ;vd kufcsufajumif hvnf; wcs D Ø_y D ; × oGmm;av7m xd kod k h

emjuifrS Kt7omwGif aumif;aomt7oma7maESmv#uf aumhys HjuGwuf

onf? apmufywfxJrSapmuf7nfjunfrsm; <dkp D;xGufum apmufywf

twGif;om;rsm;uvnf; vD;acsmif;juD;ud k!SpfI!SpfIyif pkyf<laeav

onf?

w@kwfu_ym;rav; Ø_yD;× oGm;rSef;odaomodef;atmifausmfuvnf;

cyf_yif;_yif;aqmif hoGif;vd kufI tqHk;wd ki fodrf hueJ0ifoGm;aomvD;acsmif;

juD ;ud k _ye fqG Jrxkwfao;y J apmufacgi f ;xJxd k ;E Sp fp dr fxm;ay;onf?

'gayr<f h t_idr fawmhrxm;? vD;ud kaumhaumhay;aeonf? Ed k htH krsm;

ud kvnf; _ywfxGufawmhrwwfyif wtm;ud ki f!Spfay;xm;onf?

Þ eif _yD;oGm;_yDr[kefvm; ß

c^tjumwGif odef;atmifausmfu ar;onf?

Þ tif;- - ß

222

rusif[kefu armoHav;ESif h _yefa_zonf?

Þ igawmh r_yD;ao;bl;? vD;awmifaewkef;yJ? qufvd k;csi fw<f?

eifcHr<f r[kwfvm; ß

rusif[kefu bmr#_yefra_ym?

wu<fawmh rusif[keftae_zif h bmrsm;a_ymp7m@S dygoenf;?

olr>taetxm;rSm odef;atmifausmfvd k ;csi fonfqd kv#if vd kvm;onf

_zpfap| rvd kvm;onf_zpfap| cH7rnfom?

Þ a_ymprf;yg- -usifusif7? qufvd k;7rvm; ß

odef;atmifausmfu xyfar;_yefonf?

wrif7pfumar;rSe f; rusif[kefodonf? wcs D Ø_yD;× oGm;cJ haom

ajumif h umrpdwfrrsm;vnf; tenf;i<f'D~7Davsmhusvm7m rdrdud k

tjuyfud ki ftEd li fusif hItwif;vd k ;aeol odef;atmifausmftay: t_rif

uyfonfhp dwfawGvnf; ay:vmonf?

Þ uÈwf- -@Si f 7pfraeeJ h? uÈefrrcHz l ;qd k7ifaum @Si fu

rvkyfyJaerSmvm; ß

223

rusif[kefu cyfqwfqwf_yefa_ymonf? odef;atmifausmfudkvnf;

rsufapmif;wcsufxd k ;onf?

Þ [m;[m;[m;- -eifu txmaygufom;yJ? at;- -[kwfw<f?

eif_iif;7ifvnf; iguawmh vdk;r SmyJ? uJ- -qufvd k;r<faemf ß

Þ oabm- -oabm? _ref_refom @Sif hudpPud k _zwf? _ref_ref

_y D;r S 0ãfuÈwfrSm- - ß

Þ at;- -at;- -eif ha_caxmufawGud k ig hcg;ay:rSm cs dwf

xm;vd kuf- - ß

Þ [m- -cs dwfray;Ed li fygbl;? olrsm;ud k bmrSwfaeovJ ß

Þ tJ'Dvd kcs dwfxm;rS aqmif h7wmyd kzDvifrd_yD; _ref_ref_yD;rSmayg h[?

r[kwf7if tjumjuD;qG Jvd k ;ae7vdrf hr<f? bmvJ- -eifu jumjum

qGJ_yD; pdrfvd k ;wmcHcsifvd k hvm; ß

Þ [dk- -tJ'Dvd kjuD; rcHcsifygbl; ß

Þ 'gqd k- -iga_ymovdkvkyf- - ß

224

Þ uÈwf- -wu<fyJuGm- - ß

rusif[kefonf yg;pyfrSrausreyfa_ym7if; odef;atmifausmf>

cg ;ay:wGi f olr>a_cusi f ;0wfE Sp fc ku d k c s dw fay;xm;vd ku f7onf?

xd ktcg aygifuav;rsm;u ab;od k hy d kum;v#uf tzkwfyd kay:vmonf?

wifvnf; rlvxuftay:tenf;i<fyd kwufuoGm;onf?

odef;atmifausmfu 'l;wkwfumtm;_yK_yd; cyfjurf;jurf;aqmif h

vd k ;onf? av;ig;q<fcsufaqmif hvd k ; _y D;aomtcg wcs D Ø_yD;× cJ h7I

tenf;i<ftm;aysmhovdk_zpfoGm;7aom umrpdwfrsm;u _yefvnfEd k ;juG

xef_yi f ;vmonf? rusif[ke f>zifjuD; aumhyif hvS Ky f@ Sm;vmonf?

odef;atmifausmf>cg;wGif a_caxmufrsm;cs dwfxm;aomajumif h zifjuD;

juGvSKyf@ Sm;7wmuvnf; yd ktqifa_yonf? odef;atmifausmfuvnf;

atmufyif haqmif henf;ESif h jurf;_yifnDaqmif henf;rsm;udka7mar$toHk;csum

tcsufoH k ;q<fcef h rem;wrf;aqmif hvd k ;ay;vd kuf7m rusif[kefwa<muf

w[if h[if hE Si f h vl;vGef haumhys Hvmonf?

Þ aqmif h7wm odyftm;r7bl;[m? eif haygifjuD;awG ig hycke f;

ESp fzufay:xrf;_yD; wtm;vd k;r<f ß

odef;atmifausmfu 7pfvm_yefonf?

225

rusif[kefrSm zDvifawGwufaeav7m tvdk;taqmifh7yfoGm;rSmudk

yifrvd kvm;Ed li fawmhatmif _zpfaeonf? xdkajumif h bmr#_yefra_ymae

awmhyJ a_caxmufrsm;ud kaÕrmufwifum odef;atmifausmf>b<fnm

yckef;rsm;ay:wifay;vd kufonf? odef;atmifausmfuvnf; tvdkufoif hyif

aygifESpfvH k;ud k yckef;_zif hxrf;onf? vufESpfbufudkvnf; aygifrsm;ab;rS

cG Jum rusif[kef>yckef;wbufwcsufwGif vSrf;axmufonf? wif;rmaom

aygifrsm;;udk yckef;_zif hzdwGef;cs7m rusif[kef>wifyg;onf av;udkif;ozG<f

auG;!$wfjuGwufonf? xdkaemufodef;atmifausmfu wtm;aqmif hvd k ;

avawmhonf?

vD;onf apmufacgif;xJyd kI0ifonf? om;tdrfud kvnf; axmufrd

onf? rusif[kefrSm zDvifawGt_ywfwufae7m emwmawG| atmifhwmawG

ud kta7;rvky fE d li fawmh? ode f ;atmifausm fvd k ;aqmif hor# wtpftpf |

w[if h[if h _rnfwrf;7if; cHaeonf?

Þ ajomf- -eif hud k a_ym7tkef;r<f ß

q<fcsufce f hwtm;aqmi f hv d k ; _y D ;aemuf ode f ;atmi fausm fu

a_ymonf?

226

Þ bmvJ- -_ref_refa_ym- -[if;[if; ß

zDvifawGwufum t7omawGt7rf;cd kufaecd kuf aqmif hcsuf7yf

oGm;rS Kajumif h rcsif hr7J_zpfoGm;onfhtwGuf rusif[kefu cyfqwfqwf

ar;onf?

Þ ighv7nfawGxGufumeD;us7if eif hyg;pyfud k a_ymif;vd k;r<faemfß

Þ @Sif tJ'Davmuf r<kwfrmeJ haemf- - ß

Þ [m- -'g <kwfrmwmr[kwfzl;? eif hapmufywfxJ v7nf

yef;xkwfay;vd kuf7if eifAd kufjuD;oGm;rSmayg h? 'gajumif ha_ymwm- - ß

xdkodk ha_ym_yD;aemuf rusif[kefxHrSta_zpum;udkyif rapmifhawmhyJ

odef;atmifausmfu qufItm;oGefcGefpd kufvdk;ygavawmhonf? rusif[kef

r Sm umrrSKudpPrsm;ESi f hywfoufI tawGhtjuHKA[kokwenf;aomfvnf;

a<musfm;ESi f hr de f ;rvd k ;juv#if Ad kufjuD;wwfajumif; odonf? rdrdr Sm

odef;atmifausmfvd k ;wmcH7_yD; Ad kufjuD;oGm;rnf hta7;ud kvnf; <ckrSyif

awG;um ajumufrd@ Smonf?

Þ bGyfbGyfbGyf- - ß

227

Þ tif h[if h- -uÈefr- -OpPmxJrSmawmh @Si f ht7nfawG rxnfh

ygeJ h@ Si f- -tif h td ß

AdkufjuD;rSmudkawG;ajumufrd@Smaomrusif[kefonf odef;atmifausmf

_yif;xefjurf;wrf;aomaqmif hvd k ;csufrsm;ud k touf@SLrSm;rwwfcH7ae

7onfhjum;rSyif uref;uwef;yif a_ymvd kufrd@ Smonf?

Þ at;- -eif hyg;pyf toif h _yifxm;- - ß

odef;atmifausmfu xdkr#oma_ym_yD; wtm;qufIaqmifhvdk;onf?

olonf okwf7nfxgufawmhrnfrd k h aqmif hcsufrsm;u yd k _refum yd ktm;

_yif;onf? rusif[ke ftzd k hvnf; yd kIt7omawGhae7onf? aygifjuD;

E Sp facsmi f ;ud k ycke f ;ay:xrf;umzdwGe f ; _y D ; aqmif hvd k ;ae7onfrd k hvnf;

apmufywonf_y Jtmum apmufacgi fu'd k ;<d kaygufy Gi f hv#uf vD;0i f

vrf;ajumif; t_ywfud kacsmarmaeonf?

ode f ;atmifausm f> jurf;wrf;aomvd k ;aqmif hcsufrsm;ajumif h

rusif[kefwudk<fvHk; odrf hodrf hwkefcgaeavonf? rusif[kef>pdwfxJwGif

r dr d>Ad kufaygufuG JxGufoGm;avrnfvm;[kyif xifr donf? 'gayr<f h

wcsufaqmif hvd kufwd ki f ; tzkwfxJvD;u eif hueJaeatmift7omawG h

vmonfrd k h aumifrav;rSm wtD;tD;wtm;tm;nnf;!l_rnfwrf;7if;

o de f ;atmi fausm fv d k ;or # oabm@ S dc Haeonf? aqmi f hc su fajumi f h

7ifom;qd ki frsm; vSKyfcgae7m rusif[keftwGuf wrlxl;aeonf?

228

aemufxyftcsufoH k ;q<fcef h tm;ukefaqmif hvd k ; _yD;aemuf odef;

atmi fausm fonf rusi f[ke f>apmufywfxJr S ol hvD ;acsmi f ; juD ;ud k

qG Jxkwfvd kufonf?

Þ td k;- - ß

tjuyftodyf0ifaeaomvD;acsmif;juD;ud k qGJxkwfvdkufrSKajumif h

apmufywfonf _yJtmxGufoGm;um vD;_yKwfxGufcs de fwGif _yefpkIoGm;7m

tzkwfud k vuf0g;ESi f htkyft@k dufcH7onfhtoGifrs d K ;r d k h rusif[kef>yg;pyfrS

_rnfwrf;oHav; ay:xGufonf? odef;atmifausmfu xrf;xm;aom

aygi fr sm;ud k ab;od k hz<fcsum rusi f[ke f>7ifbwfay:wufc Gonf?

w@kwfu_ym;rav;>qHyifrsm;udk vuf_zif hud kifum acgif;ud kryif h<lonf?

rusif[kef>yg;pyf tvdkvd kyif[Ivmonf? <cktcgwGif rusif[kef>

wudk<fvH k; 7rufawGv$rf;rd k ;ae7m xdk7rufpdwfawG>vSKyfaqmfrS K _zif h

rusif[kef>yg;pyf tvdkvd ky Gi f h[oGm;_cif;_zpfonf?

odef;atmifausmfuvnf; tcs de fqd ki f;rae? olud k<fwd ki fr Smvnf;

aygufuG Jawmhrnf humr<rf;td k ;vd k umrzDvifawG t_ywfwufaeonf?

aumifrav;yg;pyfxJod k h ol hvD;acsmif;juD;ud k xd k;oGif;onf? _yD;awmh

cg;ud kvSKyfum apmufywfxJvD;aqmif hoGif;ovdk rusif[kef>yg;pyfud k

tm;remwrf;vd k ;ygavawmhonf?

229

rusif[kefrSm rsufvHk;_yL;rsufqH_yL;_zpfaeonf? 7rufpdwfrsm;ESif h

twl @Sufajumuf@G H@SmrSKuvnf; _zpfay:onf? odk haomf 7rufpdwf@k dif;u

tm;juD;ay7m @Sufajumuf@G H@SmrSKonf ay:vmvdkuf| tv#HnD;nD;awmuf

avmifaeaom 7rufrD;v# Hrsm;tjum;wGif aysmufoGm;vd kuf_zpfaeonf?

odef;atmifausmfu cyfjurf;jurf;xdk;oGif;vdk;ae7m vD;acsmif;juD;

onf rusif[kef>yg;pyfxJwGif ae7mtES H hud k xdk;rdxdrdaeonf? yg;apmif

ud k xdk;rdonf? tmacgifxJod k hvnf; a7mufonf? @SmESif hvnf; xdrdonf?

ES Kwfcrf;zl;i H kav;ESpfc kuawmh a_ymraeESif hawmh?

rusif[kef>yg;pyfud k vdk;aumif;aumif;ESif h wtm;vdk;ypfvd kuf7m

rjumrDyif odef;atmifausmf>vD;xdyfrS okwf7nfawGyef;IxGufvmonf?

iH!S D!S D | ylaEG;aEG; | yspfcÈ JcÈ Jokwf7nfawG rusif[kef>yg;pyfxJ _ynfhoGm;

onf?

rusif[kefonf olryg;pyfxJwGif yef;xGufvmaomokwf7nfrsm;udk

aomuf _r d Kc s _ci f ;r _y K ? twif ;yi faxG ;x kwfyp fonf? yg ;py fx JwGi f

vD ;acsmi f ; juD ;uvnf; @ S daeao;7m axG;xkwfyp f7wm ody fawmh

tqifra_y? okwf7nfwd k honf ES Kwfcrf;axmif hem;r SaeI atmufod k h

<d kp D ;usonf? rs d Kc s _ci f ;r_yKonf hwd ki f okwf7nfrsm;ud k @SmE Si f hawmh

230

xdrd7m okwf7nfwd k h>iHus dus dt7omudk aumifrav;cHpm;od@S d7onf?

okwf7nfwd k h> !S DwDwDteH hud kvnf; ESmacgif;wGif@ SLr donf? yg;pyfr S

axG;xkwfIxGufvmaomokwf7nfrsm; rusif[kef>vnfyif;| 7ifnGef h

ponfwd k hay: pD;qif;usa7mufonf? odef;atmifausmf>a~G;tkESp fvH k ;

uawmh olr>ar;zsm;ud k xdrdaejuavonf?

c^jumrS odef;atmifausmfu rusif[kef>yg;pyfxJrS ol>vD;udk

qG Jxkwfvd kufavonf? rusif[kefonf rdrd>yg;pyf| vnfyif;| 7if!Gef h

wd k hay:wGif usa7mufayusHaeaomokwf7nfrsm;ud k vufckef_zif hz<fokwf

yp fonf? xd ktc d ku f wbufpmjunf hwd kuftce f ;qDr S toHrsm;ud k

jum;7aomtcg rusif[kefqwfueJacgif;axmifoGm;onf? wbufcef;wGif

q7mra':wifrm0if;ud k 7efy d ki fp d k ;t_ywfvd k ;ae7mrS ay:xGufvmaom

toHrsm;yif _zpfonf? xd ktoHwd k hu tapmjuD;uwnf;uay:xGufae

aomfvnf; rusif[kefr Sm ud k<f hz DvifESi f hud k<f t7rf;ud kp dwfvSKyf@ Sm;

aecJ honfrd k h rjum;rdcJ hyg? <ckrSom owd_yKrdv#uf jum;7_cif;_zpfonf?

Þ [kdbufcef;xJrSm q7mra':wifrm0if;ud k 7efyd ki fp d k ; t_ywf

vd k;aew<f ß

t0wftpm;awG aumuf<l0wfqifaeaom odef;atmifausmfu

a_ymvd kufonf?

231

Þ [m- -r[kwfEd li fwm- - ß

rusif[kefr Sm r<HkE d li fatmif_zpf7onf? a':wifrm0if; rnfr#

rmejuD;I txmudki fajumif;ud k rusif[kefodonf?

Þ r<Hk7if [d ktaygufu oGm;junfh- - ß

odef;atmifausmfu a':wifrm0if;acsmif;junfhc J honfhtaygufud k

vSrf;!$ef_y_yD; a_ymonf? r<HkEd lifaompdwfESif h pyfpkvdkaompdwfrsm;ajumifh

rusif[kefonf t0wfrsm;ud kyif _yefr0wfEd li fao;yJ ud k<fvH k ;wD;juD;

ESi f hyif zsmay:rSxum taygufod k hoGm;acsmif;junfhonf?

olroGm;acsmif;junfhonfhtcs de fr Smyif 7efyd ki fp d k ;E Si f ha':wifrm0if;

wd k h>vd k;y G J t_yD;owfumeD;_zpfonf? 7efyd ki fp d k ;u pufaoewfypfovdk

wtm;aqmif hvd k ;wmud k _rif7onf? xdkaemuf7efyd ki fp d k ;u vD;ud k tzkwf

xJr SqG J _zKwfum okwf7nfawG wyspfwcJjuD;ye f ;xkwfay;vd kufonf

ud kyg rusif[kefwa<muf tonf;wltlwkefatmif _rifawG hvd kuf7av

onf?

odef;atmifausmfuawmh t0wfawG_yef0wf_yD;onfESif h a':wif

rm0if;xHrS cÈwf<lvmcJhaom tay:0wftusôESif h b@kdudwfxrDwdk hudk<lum

232

tcef;xJrS xGufoGm;onf? olpdwfjudKufvd k ;c J haqmfcJ h _y D;_zpfaom rusif

[kefud k vSnf hIyifrjunfhawmh? onftwdki f;yif xm;cJ honf?

wbufcef;xJodk h odef;atmifausmfa7mufoGm;aomtcg a':wifrm

0if;ud k 7efyd ki fp d k ;u vdk;I_yD;oGm;av_yD? odef;atmifausmfonf a':wif

rm0if;>xrDESif htusôwd k hud k pm;yG Jay:od k h zkwfueJypfcsay;onf? 7efyd ki fpd k ;

t0wfawG0wfwmudk c^apmif honf? _yD;awmh oli<fcsif;ESp fa<muf

avuav;wcÈefcÈefESi f h xGufcGmoGm;onf?

olwdkhtydkifvdk;cJh_yD;_zpfaom trsdK;orD;ESpfa<mufrSmom udk<fwHkvHk;

jud ;awGE Si f h use faec J honf? r de f ;rE Sp fa<mufonf 0r f ;enf ;p dw f |

ajuuGJp dwf| @Suf@G H hp dwfwd k h _zif h rsuf7nfawGus7if; rdrdwd k h>t0wftpm;

rsm;ud k _ye f0wfjuonf? twwfEd li fqH k ; aoaooyfoyf_zp fatmif

vky fonf? _yD;awmhr S tcef;xJr SxGufumvmcJ hjuonf? wa<muf

rsufE Smud k wa<mufrjunf h7 J ? use fwa<muf b<fvd kt_zp fr s d K ;

juHK7onfud k wa<mufuem;vnfonf? ausmif;tm;upm;yG Juawmh

pnfum;p Gm usi f ;yaeqJ? q7mra':wi frm0i f ;E Si f h wynf hrav;

rusif[kefwd k h>t_zpfawGud k t_cm;rnfolr#rodju?

pwkwÔyd ki f ;ar#m fyg?

233

Þ q7mrav;7<f wynfhrav;7<f(4) ß

odef;atmifausm fE Si f h7e fy d ki fp d k ;wd k honf q7mra':wifrm0if;E Si f h

w@kwfu_ym;rav;rusif[kefwd k hud k wa<mufwcs Dy<fy<fe<fe<fvd k;c J h

7onfudk rauseyfjuao;? trsdK;orD;ESpfa<mufvHk;udk csdef;qdkac:<lum

av;a<mufom; _y d Ki fw l umrt7omc Hpm;y G J ju D ;v ky fE d l i fa7;twGuf

qufvufpDpOfjuonf?

uHjurRmuvnf; olwdkhbufrStm;ay;axmufulaeonf? rusif[kef

onf a':wifrm0if ;xHwGi f oD;oef husL@ Si f<laeay7m t_yiftyod k h

tvG<fE Si f hoGm;vmcGi f hr7aomrusif[ke fud k cs de f ;qd kac:xkwfz d k htwGuf

bmr#rcufawmh? a':wifrm0if;xH usL@Si f<l7ef rusif[kefa7mufvm

onfhtcs de fwcs de fcs de fud k a@G;cs<fowfrSwfpDpOfvd kuf@k Hom_zpfonf?

vGwfvGwfvyfvyfE Si f h pdwfjudKufvkyfcsi fwmawG tm;7yg;7

vkyfEd lif7eftwGuf a':wifrm0if;>tdrfrS tdrfaz:rsm;udk tom Øy×xkwf7ef

pDpOfju7onf?

'guvnf; odyfawmhrcufyg? a':wifrm0if;>tdrfwGif xrif;csuf

234

rdef;rjuD;wa<muf| awmufwkdr<f7cdkif;aom (15)ESpft@G<f aumifrav;

wa<mufwd k h@ S d ju_y D ; olwd k hE Sp fa<mufr Smvnf; @ky f@ Si f junf h@ S K7i f ;

bk7m;zl;vnfywfoGm;vmvdkajumif; <cifucGif hyefzl;cJ h7m a':wifrm0if;u

aehw0ufoGm;vmcGif hay;vd kufonfESif h a_yvnfoGm;ayawmhonf?

7efyd ki fpd k ;ESif hodef;atmifausmfwd k honf pdwfjudKufa@G;cs<fxm;aom

t_ymAD'D<d k_yuGufrsm;udk tacGwckxJwGif aoaocsmcsmul;<lrSKud kvnf;

judKIvkyfjuonf? olwdk hESpfa<mufonf rdef;rvdk;rSKtawGhtjuHKtawmf

rsm;aomfvnf; rde f;rESpfa<mufESi f h wcs de fwnf;| w_ydKi fwnf;| wae7m

wnf;wGi f ay:wifpy f<Sufz l ;onf htawG htjuH Kawmh r@S d juao;yg?

t_ymAD'D<dkum;rsm;xJwGifom awGhcJ h7zl;onf? onfvdka<mufsm;wa<muf

ESi f h rde f;rESpfa<muf w_ydKi fwnf;twlwlumrt7omcHpyf<Sufaysm fyg;

juonf hu dp P r s d K ;uvnf ; p DpO fv ky f< lz d k h v G< fonfr[ kw fv Sy g ?

7efy d ki fp d k ;E Si f hode f ;atmifausmfwd k h vd k ;c Gi f h7umpm;ae7aomrde f ;rrsm;onf

w^Sm7rufjuD;olawG _zpfjuapumrl onfvdktrsm;ESif h pkzG J haysmfyg;rSKrs d K;

vkyfz k d hud kawmh r7Jjuao;yg?

q7mra':wifrm0if;E Si f hrusif[ke fwd k hr Smr l ode f ;atmifausm fwd k h

vufckyfxJua7| umraysm fawmfqufrawGb0rs d K ; a7mufaejuonfh

twGufom <ckvd kp DpOfEd li f _cif;_zpfonf?

q7mra':wifrm0if;| rusif[kefwd k hESpfa<mufESif haysmfyg;aomtcg

235

_yoEd li f7ef xd kAD' D<d kum;acGud k pyg<f@S<foGif;<l_cif;_zpfonf? t_ym

AD'D<dkum; q<fum;ausmfausmfrS taumif;qHk;tuGufrsm;udk pdwfjudKuf

a@G;cs<foGif;xm;onfhtwGuf Øvufa@G;pOft_ymkum;acG× [kyif qdkEd li f

onf? xdktacGoGif;<lEd li f7eftwGuf tacGiSm;c| pufiSm;cawGrSpI

ukefusp7dwft00udk q7mra':wifrm0if;xHrS 7efyd ki fpd k ;wd k hu awmif;<l

juonf? q7mra':wifrm0if;rSm vlwudk<fvH k ;p dwfjudKuftoHk;awmfcH

7onfht_yif 7efyd ki fp d k ;wd k htwGuf aiGwGif;wckt_zpfvnf; vkyfaqmif

ay;7avonf?

rusif[ke fonf q7mra':wifrm0if;xHwGif we~FaEGaehwd ki f ;

e H eu f (9)em7 Dr S (12 )em7 Dtxd usL@ Si f< lav h@ S donf ? olr>tdr fr S

e Heuf(9)em7DwGi f vmyd k hay;_y D ; (12)em7DwGi f vmjudKonf? Øvd k ;y G J

vkyfrnh faehwGifr l × txl;tcs de fy d koifay;rnf[k q7mra':wifrm0if;u

a_ymqdkum rusif[kef f>tdrfrSvmjudKolud k nae(4)em7DwGifrSvmjudK7ef

r Smxm;pDpOfc J h juonf? 7efy d ki fp d k ;wd k htzd k h aysm fyg;cs de f (7)em7D7v#uf

aumif;aumif;juD;aysm fyg;Ed li fjuayawmhrnf?

rdrdwdk hESpfa<mufudk pdwfjudKufvdk;Ed lif7eftwGuf <ckvdkpDpOfcsdef;qdk

_ci f ; _zp fajumi f ;ud kawmh q7mra':wifrm0i f ;a7m| rusi f[ke fwd k hy g

7dyfrdjuonf? odk haomf 7efyd kifpd k ;wd k h> tao;pdwftjuHtpnfrsm;udkawmh

rodjuyg? w<mufwae7mpDcG Jum 7efyd ki fp d k ;wd k hu vlvJaqmfjurnf[k

avmufom cef hr Se f ;awG;awmEd li fjuavonf? TtwGuf @Sufajumuf

236

rdaomfvnf; pdwfuvnf; wtHkaEG;aEG;ESif hvSKyf@Sm;um 7ifckefoifhoavmuf

awmh 7ifcke faejuavonf?

c s d e f ;q d kp DpO fxm;onf hae hw Gi f q7mra':wi frm0i f ;>tdr fr S

xrif;csufrde f;rjuD;ESi f h tdrfaz:rde f;uav;wd k hE Sp fa<muf eHeuf(8)em7DcG J

wGif tdrfrSxGufoGm;juonf? rvSrf;rurf;vbuf7nfqdkifrSxd kifapmif hum

ta_ctaeud k junf haejuaom 7efy d ki fp d k ;E Si f ho de f ;atmi fausm fwd k honf

(8)em7D(45)rdepfavmufwGif q7mra':wifrm0if;>tdrfxJod k h t_cm;vl

rsm;r7dyfr datmif wdwfwcd k ;0ifa7mufvmcJ hjuonf? xdkaemuf a':wif

rm0if;wd k hvifr<m;tdyfcef;xJwGif0ifyke f;v#uf rusif[kefa7muftvmudk

apmif hjunfhjuonf? rusif[kefa7mufvmrS vkyfief;pjurnf?

a':wifrm0i f ;>tdr fr Sm tawmftoif h juD ;rm;us<f0e f ;onf?

olwd k hvifr<m;tdy faom yifrtdy fce f ;t_yif t7Htdy fce f ;E Sp fce f ;vnf;

@S dao;onf? rdrdESi f hrusif[kefwd k hE Sp fa<mufud k wa<mufwcef;cG Jvd k ;rnf

[ kxi faomajumi f h a':wi frm0i f ;u xd kt7 Ht dy fce f ;E Sp fc kx Jw Gi f

tdy f7mrsm;ud k _yifqifxm;vd kufonf? tdrfaz:trs d K ;orD;awGxGufoGm;r S

ud k<fwd ki f _yifqifcif;usif;_cif;_zpfonf?

7efyd ki fp d k ;E Si f hodef;atmifausmfwd k hu a':wifrm0if; tdyfcef;ESp fcef;

_yifqifcif;usif;rS Kud k bmrSra_ymyg? olwd k hp dwfuluawmh a':wifrm0if;

wd k hvi fr<m;tdy f juonf h E Sp fa<muftdy fc Hwifus<fjuD;ay:wGi fom

237

aysm fyg ;juzd k h _zp fonf? xd kc HwifjuD;r Sm ESp fa<muftdy fqd kaomfvnf;

tjuD;pm;tcef hpm;juD;_zpf7m av;a<muf| ESpfp H kwG J acsmifcs dp Gmwufvd k;

E d li fygonf?

rusi f[ ke fw d k ht dr fonf pnf ;ur f ; ju D ;umwdusonf htwd ki f ;

e Heuf(9)em7DwdwdwGi f rusif[ke fa7mufvmonf? vd kufy d k hol _yefoGm;

onfESi f h ode f ;atmif fausm fE Si f h7e fy d ki fp d k ;wd k hE Sp fa<mufonf yke f ;atmif;

aeaomtdyfcef;xJrS xGufvmcJ hjuonf?

trs d K ;orD;ESp fa<mufuawmh tdrfa@S h{nf hcef;xJwGif xd ki faeju

onf? acgi f ;av;rsm;ud ki H k h<Sufum _i dr foufp Gmxd ki fae_ci f ; _zp fonf?

rjumrDtvdk;cH7awmhrSmrd k h @Sufajumufaejuonf? rsufESmylaejuonf?

Þ u d k i f ; - -tac Gav;bmav; t7i f junf h ju7atmi f ?

[kwfvm;- - ß

ode f ;atmi fausm fu a_yma_ymqd kq d k toi f hu d k i fxm;aom

AD'D<d ktacGud k atmufpufxJod k hxnfhvd kufonf? Ed li fi H _cm;oabFmom;

t dr fr d k h {n f h ce f hx Jw Gi f q d k e Dtay:pu fatmufpu fwp H k @ S d aeonf ?

tdyfcef;xJwGifvnf; wdk@S Dbmtrsd K;tpm; wDADESif hA DpD'DpufwpH k@S dao;onf?

{nf hcef;xJrSpufrsm;onf tjuD;pm;rsm;_zpfum tdyfcef;xJrSpufrsm;onf

tao;pm;rsm;_zpfjuonf?

238

tckvd kta_ctaetcs de ftcgwGi f ode f ;atmifausm fwd k hxd k ; _yrnf h

um;rSm omref@k d ;@ k d ;um;r[kwfEd li fy J t_ymacGom_zpfrnfud k a':wifrm

0if;ESi f hrusif[kefwd k h odjuonf? rusif[kefr Sm t_ymAD' D<d kum;acGrsm;

tajumif ; em;p Ge fem;zsm;jum;z l ;xm;wmom@S donf? ud k<fwd ki fawmh

rjunfhzl;ao;yg? aumifrav;rSm rjumao;rDurS vD;ESi f hxdawG h7if;ES D ;

7v#uf umrt7omudkvnf; cHpm;wwfae7m @SufajumufpdwfawG

@S daeao;aomfvnf; t_ymum;qd kwmb<fvd kvJ[k junfhvd konfhqEN

uvnf; @S daeonf? odk haomf t_cm;vlrsm;ESif htwl ay:wifjuD;xdkifjunfh

7rSmud kvnf; rsufeSmrxm;wwfatmif@S daeonf?

oabFmom;r<m;_zpfaoma':wifrm0if;uawmh t_ymum;acG

wacGESpfacGavmufawmh junfhzl;onf? xdkod k hjunfh7wd ki f; pdwfvSKyf@Sm;

7ifzd kr S Kud kvnf; cHpm;7onf? t_ymum;aumif;aumif;junfhwwfaeol

[kyif qdkEd li fonf? <ck{nfhcef;xJwGif vlav;a<muftwlwlxd ki fjunfh

ae7rS Krs d K ;uawmh 'gyxrqHk;tjudrf_zpfonf? odef;atmifausmfwd k h

<lvmonfhum;onf tawmfyifjurf;rnf hum;_zpfonfud kvnf; cef hr Se f ;

oday7m ausmif;q7mrav;rSm t_ymum;rjunfh7ao;rDuyif 7ifcke fp

_yKaeonf?

q7mra':wifrm0if ;E Si f hrusi f[ke fwd k honf ESp fa<mufxd ki fc ke f

ay:wGi f xd ki faejuonf? bm7<fnm7<fvd k hawm hr[kwf? <aeh

juH KawG h7awmhrnf hudp Pr sm;twGuf rsufE Smy lp dwfvS Ky f@ Sm ;aejuonf h

239

twGuf ESpfa<muftwlwlxd ki fr daeju_cif;_zpfonf? 7efyd ki fp d k ;uawmh

wa<mufxd ki fc ke fwc kay:wGi f xd konf? ode f ;atmi fausm fuvnf;

atmufpufxJtac Gxd k ;xnf h _y D ;aemuf xd ki fc ke fwc kwGi f0i fxd ki fonf?

{nf hce f ;xJr Sxd ki fc ke fr sm;r Smvnf; qd kz gjuD;rsm; _zp fju7m ESp fa<muf

xd ki fc ke fonf av;a<mufxd ki fv#ifyif 7Ed li fonf? wa<mufxd ki fc ke f

ay:wGifvnf; ESpfa<mufaumif;aumif;xd ki fvd k h7onf?

t_ymum;xd k;junfh7if; rdrdwd k hud k ud ki fvd kufES d Kufvd kufvkyfju

vdrf hrnf[k trs d K;orD;ESp fa<mufvH k;xifaejuonf? twlwlvmxdki f7ef

rnfol hud krnfolu ac:avrnfenf;[k 7ifw'dwf'dwfcke f7if;apmif haeju

onf?

od k haomf 7efyd ki fp d k ;E Si f hode f ;atmifausmfwd k hu trs d K ;orD;rsm;ud k

r dr dw d k hE Si f htwlwlvmxd ki fz d k h rac:juao;? ode f ;atmi fausm fonf

wa<mufxd ki fc ke fwc kay:wGi f0i fx d ki f _y D ;aemuf 7 Dr kw fu Ge fx@ k d ; _zi f h

tacGud k pwif_yoonf?

Zmwfvrf;t_ymum;acGr[kwfyJ pfwfjudKufa@G;umul;<lxm;onfh

t_ymum;ac G _zp faomajumi f h p_yonfE Si f h wDA Dze fom; _yi fay:wGi f

t_ym_yuGufwef;Iay:vmonf? xdk_yuGufrSm trsdK;orD;ESpfa<mufvHk;udk

7ifw'def;' de f;c ke fum rsufESmawGxlylzde f;@ S de f ;oGm;aponf?

240

wDADzefom;_yifay:wGifay:vmonfu tdyfcef;us<fjuD;wck>

om;em;aomarG h7m0d kif;juD;ay:wGif@S daejuaom w@kwfrav;wa<mufESif h

bd krwa<mufwd k h _zpfonf? w@kwfrav;a7m bd krwd k hyg t0wftpm;

r@Sdju? Avmudk<fvHk;wD;awG? w@kwfrav;u cyfoG<foG<fao;ao;av;?

bdkrjuD;u cyfxGm;xGm;| vHk;juD;aygufvS? w@kwfrav;onfqHyifeufrsm;

udk_zef hcsxm;7m cg;qDavmufxdatmif@Snfonf? bdkrjuD;uawmh a@$a7mif

qHyifcyfwd kwd kav;ESi f h ? bd krjuD;>apmufz kwfjuD;r Sm apmufar$ ;awG

a_ymi fpi fatmi f7 dwfxm;onf? w@kwfrav;>apmufar $ ;awGuawmh

7 dw frxm;? rnf ;eufE l ;n H haomapmufar $ ;w d k honf w@kwfrav;>

ay gi f7i f ;q D ;py fw0 d ku fw Gi f x d k ;x d k ; axmi faxmi fE S i f h @ S d ae juonf?

tawmfav;vnf; xlonf? od k haomf rd k hazgi f ;avaomapmufywfud k

z H k ;uG<faeavmufatmifawmh r@S d?

bd krjuD;onf arG h7may:wGi fyufvufvSe ftdy fum wvl;vl;

wvGef hvGef h _zpfaeonf? olr>juD;rm;vH k;0ef;aomEd k htH kjuD;ESpfvH k;rSmvnf;

odrf hodrf hcgvdk haeonf? Edk hoD;acgif;@Snf@Snfrsm; cÈefaumhaxmifwufaeonf?

E d k ho D ;ac gi f ;r sm ;onf qDokwfxm;wmvm;? p d k h ay;xm;IwHawG ;awG

ayusHaewmvm;awmhrod? pd kp Gwfvufa_ymifaeonf?

bd krjuD;>aygifwefESpfacsmif;u cyfauG;auG;axmifum _zJum;I

aeonf? xdkaygifjuD;ESpfcktjum;wGifawmh w@kwfrav;u 'l;axmufum

0y fv #u fom;@ S d aeonf ? w@ kw frav;>r su fE S monf b d k r ju D ;>

241

aygif7if;cGqH kwGifa7mufv#uf apmufywfud ktyD7ufaeonf?

uifr7mudk @SKaxmif hwvSnf hp Da_ymif;I@k duf_yxm;7m apmufywf

7ufaerSKud k wuGufwuGufwGiftyD_rif7v#uf tcsdK htuGufrsm;wGifawmh

aygifcGjum;YrsufESmtyfxm;rSKavmufom awGh_rif7ayonf? apmufywf

t7ufcHae7aom bdkrjuD;>rsufESmtrlt7mud kvnf; teD;uyf@k duf_y

xm;7m rsufvH k ;rsm;arS;pif;v#uf yg;pyfr[w[yGif hum t7omawGhI

7rufxefaeyHkay:vGifvSonf? bdkrjuD;>wifyg;juD;onfvnf; wvSKyfvSKyf

cg<rf;Iaeonf? a0h0d kufvSKyf@ Sm;aeonf?

w@kwfrav;onf apmufywfud k7ufay;ae7i f ; bd krjuD ;>

ptdkaygufud kvnf; vuf!S d K;_zif htomxdk;yGwfaeao;onf? uifr7monf

xd ktcs de fwGif zifaygufxd k;uvdaerSKud k tyDyif ususee@k duf_yxm;onf?

uifr7mu bdkrjuD;>zifaygufud k teD;uyf@k duf_yvd kufcs de fr Smyif

w@ kw frav;>vuf! S d K ;uvnf ; pt d kx Jo d k h av#mx d k ;0i fo Gm ;onf ?

xd ktc s de fr S myi f Øt d k ;- -tD ; × [l kaoma7@ Gw f _rnfwr f ;o Huvnf;

aqmif;abmufpfawGrSay:vmav7m junfhaeav7aomtrsdK;orD;ESpfa<muf

pvH k;r Sm ptd k0<m;ovdkvd kyif_zpf7onf? txl;o_zif h odef;atmifausmf

zifvdk;wmudkcHxm;7zl;_yD;_zpfaom q7mra':wifrm0if;u ydkIpdwfvSKyf@Sm;

onf?

242

w@ kw frav;>t_cm ;vu fwbufr S mvn f ; ttm;raey g ?

wkwf_yD; @Snfvnf;tawmf@Snfonfh7mbmvD;wefjuD;ud k qG J<lqkyfud ki f

xm;onf? w@kwfrav;onf 7mbmvD;weftwkjuD;ud k rdrd>apmufywf

xJod k h _yefxk d ;xnfhuvdae_yefonf?

xd k _yuGuf _yuGi f ;w d k honf ode f ;atmi fausm fE Si f h7e fy d k i fp d k ;w d k h

E S p f a<mufu d kvnf ; p dw fxju Gvmaponf ? E Sp f a<mufpv H k ;yi f

vD ;awGawmi fvmjuonf? olwd k honf ~si f ;abmi f ;bDE Si f h py d k h@ Sy f

t_ymEka7mifrsm;udk 0wfqifxm;juonf? atmufcHabmif;bDwa<mufrS

ryg? vD;awmifvmaomtcg ieJom;ESpfa<mufonf ~sif;abmif;bDrsm;>

aygifcGjum;@S dZpfrsm;ud k qG Jz Gi f hcsvd kufjuonf? awmifaeaomvD;acsmif;

ju D ;E Sp fac smi f ;onf uG J[oGm ;aom~si f ;abmi f ;b Dc G jum;ae7mr sm ;r S

wef;ueJyif awmifIxGufvmjuonf?

wDADze fom;_yifay:rS bd krjuD;E Si f hw@kwfrav;wd k hE Sp fa<muf>

7uf7ufa7ma7mo@kyfaqmif_yuGufrsm;udkjunfh7if; pdwfvSKyf@Sm;aejuaom

trs d K ;orD;E Sp fa<mufrSm ode f ;atmifausm fE Si f h7e fy d ki fp d k ;wd k hE Sp fa<muf>

vD;juD;r sm;ud ky g _ri fawG h juav7m pdwfawGy d kvS Ky f@ Sm ;vmjuonf?

xd kvD;rsm;ESi f h tvdk;c Hc J h7olrsm;rd k h yd kIpdwfvSKy f@ Sm;onf? rjumaom

tcs de fwGi f xd kvD ;juD;rsm;e Si f hvd k ;wmcH7awmhrnf[k odaer S Kuvnf;

7rufaZmud k wrlxl;_cm;wufjuGvmaponf?

243

wDADzefom;_yifay:rS_yuGufu @kwfw7ufwrsd K;a_ymif;oGm;onf?

o@kyfaqmifrsm;uvnf; topfawG_zpfukefonf? a<mufsm;wa<mufESif h

rdef;rESpfa<muf? a<mufsm;u tom;rnf;rnf;| axmifaxmifarmif;armif;

t@kyfcyfqd k ;qd k ; uy`vDjuD;? vlaumifjuD;ovdk vD;uvnf;juD;onf?

a':wifrm0if;wd k hp dwfxif q<fhESpfvufravmuf@Snfum vHk;ywfuawmh

vufaumuf0wfavmufwkwfonf? awmifaewmuvnf; rwfIrmI

wef;aeonf?

uy`vDjuD;ESif hyl;wGJo@kyfaqmifolawGuawmh bdkri<fi<fuav;

ESif h ~syefrav;? ESpfa<mufvH k; ud k<fvH k;oG<foG<f| 7ifom;odyfrxGm;?

vH k;vH k ;0ef;0ef;ESi f h aygifwefa_ya_yawmif hawmif h | wifum;um;tdtd

uav;awG_zpfonf? @kyfav;awGuawmh 7uf7ufpufpufud kacsmonf?

i<fi<fEkEkuav;awG? tvGefqH k; (18)ESpfom@S drnf? o@kyfaqmif_y7rSK

awGuawmh 7ufa7mnpfnrf;vSonf?

uy`vDjuD;u arG h7may:wGifzifcsumxd ki faev#uf bd krav;ESif h

~syefrav;wd k hu ol hvD;rnf;rnf;eufeuf| wkwfwkwfxGm;xGm;juD;ud k

uke f ;I7ufay;aejuonf? vD;ud kwvSnf hp D pky fjuonf? xd kaemuf

wa<mufu vD;pkyfaecs de fwGif usefwa<mufu a~G;tkrsm;ud kukef;I

7ufay;pky fay;onf?

uy `v D ju D ;u aumi frav;E Sp fa<muf>E d k h aw Gu d kq G Jv d ku f |

244

Ed k hoD ;acgi f ;rsm;ud k yGwfvd kuf | wifyg ;ud kvSr f ;ud ki fvd kuf | apmufywf

ES d Kufvd kuf| zifaygufxd k;uvdvd kuf vkyfaeonf?

x d k aemu fuy `v D ju D ;on f c Hwi f ay :r S atmu fo d k hqi f ;um

cHwifab;em;@S dxd ki fc ke fwckay:wGif 0ifxd ki fvd kufonf? ~syefrav;ESi f h

bd krav;wd k hu xdki fc ke fab;wbufwcsufwGif 'l;axmufvd kufjuonf?

xd kaemufbd krav;u uy`vDjuD;>vD;ud k yg;pyfESif hukef;pkyfonf?

~syefrav;u olr>rdk hrd k h0ef;0ef;7ifom;av;wbufESif h uy`vDjuD;>vD;udk

xduyfyGwfay;onf? yGwfwmrS aumhaxmifwufaeaomEd k hoD;uav;ESif h

vD;xdyf'pf_yJjuD;ud k ususeexdatmifyGwfay;onf? bd krav;u vD;wef

vH k ;ywfxdyfyd ki f ;ud k @Smt_ym;vd kufuyfum ususee7ufonf? xdk h _yif

uy`vDjuD;>vD;'pfud ky Gwfrd_yD; ab;od k hacsm fxGufvmaom ~syefrav;>

Ed k hoD;ud k vSrf;Ipd k hay;vd kufavao;onf?

aoaocsmcsmtcs de fud kufumvkyfxm;onf htwGuf bd krav;u

vD ;we fv H k ; yw fu d k @ S mE S i f h 7u fv d ku fc s d e fw G i f ~ sye f rav;>E d k ho D ;on f

vD;'pfae7mudkxdyGwfrdaev#uf bdkrav;>@Smu vD;'pfem;a7mufvmcsdefwGif

~sye frav;>Ed k hoD;u vD;'pftay:bufod k hacsm fIxGuf7m bd krav;u

tvdkufoif hvSrf;Ipd k honf? xd kaemufbd krav;>acgif;atmufod k hp d kufum

vD;wefvH k ;ywfud k @SmESi f hxyf7ufvd kufcs de fwGi f ~syefrav;>Ed k htH kom;

vHk;vHk;tdtduav;uvnf; vD;'pf_yJvefjuD;udk cyfzdzdav;yGwfvm_yefonf?

245

uy`vDjuD;> b<fnmvufESp fbufrsm;u bd krav;ESi f h~syef

rav;wd k h> Ed k hwvH k;p Dud k ud ki foH k ;aeonf? txl;o_zif h Ed k hoD;acgif;

av;rsm;ud k ud ki fwG<fzspf!Spfonf? Ed k hoD;acgif;av;rsm;wif;um pljuG

aeonfud k txif;om;_rif7onf?

T_yuGuft_yD;wGif bd krav;onf cHwifay:wufumyufvuf

vSef_yD; 'l;axmifaygifum;ay;um uy`vDjuD;u tay:rSwufcGonf?

bd krav;u uy`vDjuD;>vD;wefrnf;rnf;eufeufjuD;ud k vufuav;

rsm;ESi f hud ki fum rdrdapmufywf0wGif qG Jawhay;onf? uy`vDjuD;u

zdxdk;vd kuf7m vD;wefrnf;rnf;eufeufjuD;onf tar$;awGa_ymifpifatmif

7dwfxm;aom bdkrav;>apmufywfuwHk;a_ymifav;xJod k h wd k;0ifoGm;yH k

uvnf; tonf;<m;pzG<fawGh_rifju7onf? Øwtm;tm;× atmf[pf

oHrsm;ud kvnf; em;wGifjum;7onf? ~syefrav;uawmh ab;rSxd ki fum

bd krav;>Ed k hrsm;ud k yGwfay;qG J!Spfay;aeonf? apmufywfxJvD;tqHk;

0i fo Gm ;onf htcs de fw Gi fawm h ~sye frav;u bd krav;>rsufE Smay:

ususeewufc Gonf? bd krav;onf uy`vDjuD ;vd k ;wmud kc Hae7i f ;

~syefrav;>apmufywfud kvnf; tyD7ufay;aeonf?

bd krav;>apmufywfud k uy`vDjuD;u cyfjurf;jurf;aqmif hvd k;

aey H k | ~ sye frav;>apmufywfu d k bd krav;u tyD7ufay;aey H k |

~syefrav;> 7rufxef_yif;aeaomrsufESm| uy`vDjuD;>7m~cdk;a0aeaom

246

rsufESmtrlt7mwdk hud k wuGufpDtrs d K;rs d K ;a_ymif;um teD;uyf@k duf_yvdkuf|

oH k ;a<muf>vSKy f@ Sm;aer S Kr sm;ud k ta0;r Saxmif hr s d K ;p H k@ k duf _yvd kufE Si f h

tuGufusus| ynmom;ygy g@ d ku f _yxm;av7m wu<f hud kumrp dwf

wufjuGzG<f7m _yuGif;_yuGuf_zpfaeonf?

uy`vDjuD;u bdkrav;ud kvd k ;ae7if; ~syefrav;>Ed k hud k vSrf;qG J

vdkuf| zifaygufudkvSrf;xdk;uvdvdkuf vkyfaeonf? bdkrav;>apmufywfudk

tcsufESpfq<fcef haqmif hvd k ;ay;_yD;aemuf vD;ud kqG Jxkwf_yD; bd krav;>

zi fay gu fx J a_ymi f ;xnf honf? tpy d k i f ;w Gi f ta0;r S@ k d ku f _yum

wppteD;uyfqG J _yonf? zifaygufxJvD;juD; wif;juyfpGmwd k;0ifoGm;yH k

onf o@ ky fy Dp G may:vGi fonf? zi fv d k ;c Hz l ;aoma':wi frm0i f ;onf

zif0ud k tvdkvd kyif@S H K hvd kufrdonf?

bd krav;>zifud k uy`vDjuD;u q<fhig;csufcef haqmif hvd k;ay;_yD;

c s de fw Gi f ~sye frav;onf bd krav;rsufE Smay:wGi f' l ;w kwf0y fc sum

zifyl;awmif;axmifvdkufonf? bdkrav;onf acgif;udkjuGum ~syefrav;>

apmufywfud k @Sm_zif hvSrf;7ufonf? uy`vDjuD;uawmh bd krav;ud k

zifvd k ;ae7mrSvD;ud kqG Jxkwfum a@S k hod k hwd k ;vmonf?

qDbl;@Snfav;wckudkvSrf;<lum ~syefrav;>zifom;juD;ESpf_crf;udk

qG J _z Jv#uf _y JwJwJav;ay:vmaomptd k0ay:od k h qDrsm;!Sp fc sonf?

xdktcsdefwGifuifr7mu teD;uyfqGJ<l@k duf_yvdkuf7m !Spfcsxm;aomqDrsm;

247

ptdkaygufwGifusoGm;yH k | _yD;awmh _yJ[[av;_zpfaeaomapmufacgif;xJodk h

0i fa7mufoGm;y H kw d k hu d k txif ;om;t@ Si f ;om; _ri f7onf? xd kaemuf

qDokwfxm;aomzif0wGif vD;wefrnf;rnf;eufeufjuD;udkawhaxmufonf?

zdxd k;vd kufI vD;'pf_yJjuD;zifaygufxJod k h0ifoGm;yH kwd k hud k teD;uyf@k duf_y_yD;

uifr7mud k aemufod k h _yefqG Jvd kuf7m ~syefrav;>zifxJ uy`vDjuD;>

vD;juD; zdxd k ;oGif;aeyH kud k _rifuGif;pH kvifpGm_zif h _rif7onf?

zifxJvD;0ifoGm;cs de fwGif ~syefrav;>a_caxmufrsm;auG;axmif

vmyHk| wifyg;rodromcg<rf;oGm;yH kwd k hud kyg _rifEd lifonf? onfaemufawmh

uy`vDjuD;onf ~syefrav;>qHyifud kqG JI wtm;yifaqmif hvd k ;av

awmhonf? bd krav;ud kvd k ;c J honfwkef;uxufyif aqmif hcsuf_yif;onf?

yd kjurf;onf? wtD;tD;wtm;tm; i<foHygatmifatmf[pfoHrsm;uvnf;

o@kyfyd ky D _yifpGm ay:xGufaeonf?

xdk_yuGif;rsm;udkjunfhaeaom ieJom;ESpfa<muf>awmifaeaom

vD;acsmif;juD;awG aig hueJaig hueJvSKyfcgvmonf? trsd K;orD;ESp fa<muf

rSmvnf; apmufywfawGrd k hazgif;um t7nf@$rf;vmjuonf? 7ufa7m

npfnrf;vSaom t_ym_yuGuf_rifuGif;rsm;ajumif h rsufESmyl7ifzd kaeonfh

jum;uyif 7rufaZmawGvnf; xefonfxufxefvmjuonf?

wDADzefom;_yifay:wGif _yuGif;Zmwfvrf;wrsdK;a_ymif;oGm;_yefonf?

onfwcgwGifawmh Zmwfvdkufu xGm;xGm;judKif;juDKif;bd kjuD;ESpfa<muf?

ri f ;or D ;uuawmh awmi f hawmi f ha _zmi f ha _zmi f h tm@ Swd ku fo lav;?

248

<k d ; '<m ;vm ; | A D<u fer fvm ; | rav;@ S m ;vm ;awm hra _ymwwf ?

<d k;'<m;r| _zpfzd k hawmhrsm;onf? @kyf7nfu _refrmESi f hvnf; tawmf

qifonf? t7yf_rif h _rif h | udk<fvH k;ud k<faygufuvnf; ql_zd K;awmif hwif;

onf? Zmwfvdkufbd kjuD;ESpfa<mufuvnf; axmifaxmifarmif;armif;ESif h

Avaumif;aumif;awG? vD;juD;awGuvnf; juD;onf? q<fvufrawmh

aumif;aumif;ausmfonf?

p_yonf htcs de fwGi f aumifrav;u Zmwfvd kufE Sp fa<muf>

vD;acsmi f ; juD ;r sm ;ud k wvSnf hp Dy g ;py f _zi f hp ky fay;aeonf? wcgwcg

E Sp f ac s mi f ;v H k ;u d k w_y d K i fwnf ;p ky f ay ;7e f ju d K ;pm ;onf ? o d k h aom f

v D ; ju D ;E Sp fac smi f ;v H k ;u juD ;rm;vSay7m yg ;py fx Jo d k h _y d Ki fw lr0i f ?

yg;pyfem;rSmomawhuyf_yD; ESKwfcrf;om;rsm;ESi f hom xdyGwfae7onf?

twefjumvD;pkyfcef;ud k _y_yD;aemuf aumifrav;u x7yfonf?

bd kjuD;wa<mufu cHwifay:yufvufvSeftdyfonf? rwfawmifaeaom

vD;juD;u rdk;ar#mfumxdk;xdk;axmifaxmifjuD;_zpfv#uf <dk;'<m;rav;onf

xd kbd kjuD;ay:od k hwufcGum vD;juD;ud kvufESi f hud ki fI apmufywf0wGif

awhonf? _yD;awmhzifjuD;ud kz dcsvd kuf7m apmufywfxJod k hvD;acsmif;juD;

pD;p D;y d ki fy d ki f0ifoGm;yH kr Sm yD_yifvSonf? usefbd kjuD;u vdk;aejuolpH kwG J

ab;em;wGif xd ki fonf? aumifrav;>zifjuD;ud k ud ki fvd kufyGwfvd kuf

v ky fonf ? xd k aemu fo l>nmbufvufcv<fw Gi fw Haw G ;q Gw f _y D ;

aumifrav;>zifaygufxJ xdk;ar$ygawmhonf? zifom;juD;ud kqG J _z Jum

249

ususeexdk;ar$_cif;_zpfonf? atmufrSvluvnf; vD;udkaumhaumhxdk;wif

aqmif hvd k ;aeonf? c^tjumwGifawmh zifxd k ;uvdaeaombdkjuD;onf

aumifrav;>zifaygufxJrSvufacsmif;ud k qG Jxkwfvd kufonf?

vufacsmif;ud kqG Jxkwfum vufacsmif;ae7mwGif ol>vD;ud k

tpm;xd k;onf? aumifrav;>zifaygufxJ vD;juD;ud k 7uf7ufa7ma7m

xd k;oGif;avonf? zifxJvD;0ifyH kay:vGifatmif uifr7mud kcs de fum@d kuf_y

onf? teD;uyfawmh qGJr_y? vdk;aejuoloH k;a<mufvH k;ud k _rifEd li fonf?

zifxJvD;0ifaeyH kt_yif apmufywfwGifvnf; vD;acsmif;juD;wyfv#ufom;

@S daeyH kuygyD _yifvSonf?

Zmwfvdkufaumifrav;>apmufywfESifhzifaygufwdk hudk vD;ESpfacsmif;

250

_zif h _yd Ki fwl0d ki f ;!Syfumvd k;aejuyH kr Sm npfnrf;yufpufvSay7m q7mr

a':wifrm0if;ESif hrusif[kefwdk hrSmrjunfh7JyJ acgif;awGiH k hxm;vdkufjuonf?

7efyd ki fp d k ;E Si h fodef;atmifausmfwd k huawmh t_ywfud kz Dvifwufvm

ju_yD; vD;xdyfwGif t7nfjunfawGuvnf; t7rf;ud kp d kaejuonf?

vd k;csifp dwfwd k h tyDt_yifud kxefaeju_yD?

Þ tacGud k c^7yfxm;vd kuf _y D ; z d kufju7atmifuGm? ig

t7rf;vd k;csifae_yD ß

7efyd ki fp d k ;u odef;atmifausmfud kvSrf;a_ymonf?

Þ at;- -igvnf; rif;vd ky J? vd k;csifvS_yDuG? zd kufjuwmayg h ß

odef;atmifausmfu_yefa_ym7if; 7DrkwfuGefx@k d ; _zif h tay:puf

atmufpufrsm;ud k vSrf;ydwfvd kufonf?

Þ aemufqH k;junfh7wJ h_yuGufu a7a7vnfvnfrd kufw<fuGm?

rif;e J higvnf; tJ'DwDADum;xJuvdk aqmfwa<mufxJud k ESpfa<muf

0d ki f ;!Syf_yD; vd k;ju7atmif- - ß

7e fy d ki fp d k ;a _ymvd kufaompum;ajumi f h trs d K ;or D ;E Sp fa<muf

251

tvefhwjum;_zpfukefjuonf? q7mra':wifrm0if;a7m| rusif[kefyg

t_ymum;_yuGufrsm;ud kjunfh_y D; 7rufxefpdwfvSKyf@ Sm;aejuaomfvnf;

a<mufsm;ESpfa<mufu zifESih fapmufywfxJodk h vD;wacsmif;pDxd k;oGif;um

_y d Ki fwl0 d ki f ;!Sy fvd k ;wmud k c H7 Javmufatmi fawmh r7 Jwif ; juao;?

txl;o_zif h zifvd k ;rcHzl;ao;aomrusif[kefr Sm yd kIajumufvef hoGm;@Sm

onf? olrc_rm tys d K7nfysufwmrS rjumao;? onfvd ktvky fc H

7rnfqd kawmh- - - ?

Þ vky fvd ku fav jumovm;vd k h ? b<faqmfud k z d ku f7i f

aumif;rvJ- - - ß

odef;atmifausmfu oabmwlvufcH_y D ;a_ymonf? xd kaemuf

ieJom;ESpfa<mufonf olwdk hvdk;wmcHzd k ha7mufaejuaom rdef;rESpfa<muf

udkvSrf;junfhvd kufjuonf?

Þ E Sp fa<muf _y d Ki fw lawm h 0 d ki f ;! Sy frvky fv d ku f juyge J h@ Si f ?

oem;juygtkef;- -@S dc k d ;ygw<f? csrf;omay;yg- - ß

rusif[kefu id koHygav;ESi f ha_ymum vuftkyfcs Dumuefawmh

@Smonf?

Þ eifuvnf;[m- -'DtxmrsdK;vkyfraeprfygeJ h? igwdk hcsnf;yJr[kwf

252

bl;? eifvnf; aumif;aumif;t7omawGhrSmyg? cHjunfhprf;ygtkef;? ß

odef;atmifausmfu _yHK;_z J _z JESi f ha_ymonf?

Þ rvky fy ge J h @ S i f - -ud ku d k7< f- -junf ha _ymay;y gt ke f ; ?

tJ'Davmuftxdawmh r7ufpufygeJ h@ Si f? ß

rusif[kefu 7nf;pm;ud ktm;ud k;wjuD; awmif;yeftoem;cH@Sm

onf? a_ym7if;yifrsuf7nfawG0Jusvmum id konf?

Þ [dwf- -rsuf7nfcHxk d ;raeeJ husifusif? 'grs d K ;vkyfvd k hr7bl;?

uJ- -cÈwfprf;? t0wfawG- - ß

7efyd ki fp d k ;uawmh udk<f h7nf;pm;_zpfcJ hol7<fvd k hyif rouf!Sm?

cyf7if7if ha_ymonf?

Þ vkyfygOD;wDcs<f7<f- -uÈefrawmh 'kuQa7mufawmhr<f ß

a7epfolonf aumuf@k d ;r#i fud kyifqG JbdouJhod k h rusif[ke fu

q7mra':wifrm0if;udk tultnDawmif;@Smonf? a':wifrm0if;wa<muf

vnf; rdrdvd kb0wl_zpfae@Smonfqd k _cif;ud kyif rpOf;pm;Ed li f@ Smawmhyg?

q7mra':wifrm0if;r Smvnf; a<mufsm;ESp fa<mufu zifESi f h

253

apmufywfudk 0d kif;!SyfIwcsdefwnf;vdk;jurSmudk rcHcsifyg? ajumufonf?

@Sufonf? <kwfrmnpfnrf;vSonf[kvnf;xifonf? wbufwGifvnf;

r dr dE Si f hrusi f[ke fwd k hr Sm ode f ;atmifausm fwd k h> umr7rufqEN@ S dor#

v d ku f av s m _ zn f hqn f ; ay ;7rn f hta _ ctaew G i f @ S d a eon fu d kvn f ;

em;vnfonf?

onfaumifav;ESp fa<mufud k _iif ;qefawmif;ye fv#i f bmr#

tajumif;xl;rnfr[kwfajumif; oabmaygufonf? i<fi<f@G<f@G<f

av;_zpfaomrusif[kefud k rdrduwwfEd lifr#tultnDay;7ef qHk;_zwfonf?

rusif[kefr Sm tys d Krav;_zpfonf? umrEG HxJ0ifwm bmr#rjumao;?

rdrduawmh t@G<f7ae_yD? umrrSKwGif tawGhtjuHKawmfawmf@S dae_yD?

7efyd kifpd k;>vD;udkpkyfum t7nfrsm;aomufrsdKcscJ h7zl;_yD;_yD? odef;atmifausmf

zifvd k ;wmvnf; cH_yD;_yD? odyfawmh tajumif;rxl;awmh?

xd kajumif h- - - ?

Þ rif;wd k hE Sp fa<muf!Syfcsr<fqd k7if iguvnf; cHzd k htoif hy J?

aumif;aumif;om vdk;ay;ju? b<fvd kvJ? vdk;Ed li fyg hrvm; ß

wpfwp fc Gc GE Si f h p dr fac:ovd ka _ymc svd ku faompum;r sm ;onf

ie Jom;E Sp f a<mufu d k aumi f ;aumi f ; ju D ;q G J aqmi fE d l i fv d ku fonf ?

ESp fa<mufom;auseyfp Gm avawGyifcÈe fvd kufjuonf? rusif[ke fud k

254

twif;tjuyftEd li fusif hum 0d ki f;vd k ;juzd k hp dwfrul;awmh?

Þ judKuf_y D? 'gr S 'd k hq7mruG? ud ki f ;- -t0wfawGcÈwf?

_yD;7if- -uÈefawmfwd k h pjur<f? ß

7e fy d ki fp d k ;u a_yma_ymqd kqd k 0wfxm;aom~si f ;abmi f ;bDud k

cÈwfonf? ode f ;atmifausm fuvnf; wH k hqd ki f ;rae? ol habmif;bDud k

cÈwfcsvd kufonf?

Þ [dk- -[dk- -tdyfcef; wckckxJ roGm;juzl;vm; ß

{nfhcef;juD;xJwGif vkyfjuawmhrnfhoabmrsdK;rd k h a':wifrm0if;rSm

rsufvH k;uav;t0d ki f;om;ESif har;vd kufonf?

Þ b<folawG@S dwmrSwfvd k h? {nfhcef;xJrSmyJ aps;OD;azgufvd k ;ju

wmayg h?- -vkyfav q7mr7J h? t0wfawGcÈwfvd kufprf;yg- - ß

abmif;bDcÈwf_yD;om;_zpfaomodef;atmifausmfvnf; a_yma_ym

qdkqd k vD;tawmifom;ESif hq7mra':wifrm0if;@S d7mod k h av#mufvSrf;oGm;

onf?

Þ [m- -wdk hzmom cÈwfr<f- -td k- - ß

255

a':wifrm0if;a_ymaeqJrSmyif odef;atmifausmfu a_c_refvuf_ref

ESi f h xrDqG JcÈwfypfvd kufonf?

Þ a[ha[h- -igvnf;cÈwfr<fuG? csefxm;tkef;- - ß

7efyd ki fp d k ;u tm;usrcHa_ym7if; a':wifrm0if;>tem;od k h

uyfoGm;onf? xd kaemuftuFs Dud kqG JcÈwfonf?

Þ td kuGm- -wu<fyJ- -rvkyfe J h- -td k- -junfhygvm;vd k h ß

a':wifrm0if;rSm @ke f;7if;uef7if;yif t0wfawGuÈwfukefonf?

i<f@G<fEkysdKaomaumifav;ESpfa<mufu rdrd>t0wfrsm;udk cyfjurf;jurf;

qG JcÈwfwmcH7rSKonf a':wifrm0if;ud k tawmfjuD;pdwfvSKyf@ Sm;oGm;ap

onf?

Þ ud ki f ;- -vD;p ky fayawmh? uÈe fawmfwd k hvD ;E Sp facsmi f ;vH k ;

y l;uyf_yD; wcgwnf;pkyfvd k h7r7 prf;junfhygvm;q7mr ß

q7mrukd<fay:rSt0wfawGcÈwfypf_yD;aomtcg odef;atmifausmfu

a_ymvd kufonf?

rusif[ke fr Smawmh {nf hce f ;xJwGi fqufae7rvm;? w_cm;ud k

256

a@SmifxGufoGm;7rvm;? a0cG JIr7Ed li fy J@ S daeonf? rnfod k hqd kap? olr>

a@S harSmufwGif trs d K ;orD;juD;wa<mufud k a<mufsm;ys d KE Sp fa<mufu

t0wfawG0d ki f ;cÈwfypfaerS Kud k _rifae7_cif;ajumif h aumifrav;vnf;

7i fz d karm[k dufvmonf? bmvky f7rnfr Se f ;a0cG Jr7aomfvnf; olr>

rsufvH k ;awGuawmh 7efyd ki fp d k ;wd k h>vSKyf@ Sm;rS Krsm;ud k pl;pl;7J7Jp d kufjunfh

aerdonf? aumifav;ESp fa<mufvH k ; atmufyd ki f ;Avmusif;aeav7m

vD ;ac s mi f ; ju D ;aw Gawmi frw faer S Ku d kvnf ; rusi f[ ke f _ ri f7onf ?

xd kvD;juD;rsm;E Si f h tvd k ;c Hxm;zl;olr d k h rusif[ke f>7rufqENaoG;om;

awGuawmh w[kef;[ke f ;E d k ;juGaeav_yD? rusif[ke fr Sm rdr dud k<fr dr d

7rufqENrsm;xef_yif;aeajumif; r7dyfrdao;?

7efyd ki fp d k ;E Si f hode f;atmifausmfwd k he Sp fa<mufonf q7mra':wif

rm0if;>a@S harSmufwGif ab;csif;<SOfum7yfjuonf? a':wifrm0if;u

wynfhausmif;om;ESpfa<muf>a@S harSmufwGif 'l;axmufcsonf? olr>

acgif;av;uawmh tvdkufoifharmhIaeonf? 7efyd kifpd k ;wd k honf aoG;a7mif

v#r f ;ume Dw DwDav;_zp faeaom a':wi frm0i f ;>rsufe SmvSvSyyud k

tay:pD;rSaeI auseyfpGmjunfhaeonf? vSyacsmarmaomrsufESmonf

rwfawmifaeaomvD;acsmif;juD;rsm;ESi f h tvGefud ke D;uyfIaeonf?

ode f ;atmi fausm fu ol hvD ;xdy fz sm ;ud kz H k ;aeonf hta7_ym;ud k

atmufod k hv Se fc sum 'p faz:ay;vd kufonf? 'p fjuD ; _y Jve foGm;ovd k

vD ;te H huvnf; y d kp l ;vmonf? xd kte H hud k@ S L7aoma':wifrm0i f ;r Sm

257

rsufvH k ;rsm;ta7mifyd kawmufvmonf? nmvufud kqef hum odef;atmif

ausmf>vD;juD;ud kud ki fonf? olr>b<fvufuawmh 7efyd ki fp d k ;>vD;ud k

vSrf;qkyfud ki fonf? 7efyd ki fp d k ;uawmh odef;atmifausmfvd k 'pfaz:ay;_cif;

r_yK? a':wifrm0if ;tae_zi f h ta7_ym;vSe fcsum 'pfaz:ay;7onf h

ta_ctae_zpfatmif zefwD;ay;_cif;_zpfonf? wu<fhaumifav;awG?

olwd k hq7mrudk 7rufyd krx,xatmif vkyfaeonf?

vuf_zif hqkyfudkifvdkufaomtcg vD;wefjuD;>ylaEG;rmawmifaom

txdtawG hud kvnf; a':wifrm0if;c Hpm;7onf? a':wifrm0if;>pdwf

yd kxvmonf? b<fvdktajumif;xl;qef;pGmzefwD;a_ymif;vJvdkufonfrod?

v D ;p ky f7r S mu d k @ G H @ S maemufw Ge f honf hp dw faw G yay smu fo Gm ;onf ?

vD;pkyfvd konfhtmoDorsm; xl;_cm;pGm_zpfay:vmonf? yg;pyfrSwHawG;

wbGif hbGif h _zpfvmonf? csifoD;ESi f hqm;wd k h twl@S daeonfud k oGm;7nf

<d k7onfhta_ctaers d K ;?

a':wifrm0if;r Sm vD;t7rf;p ky fcsi fvm7m b<fvD;ud kt7ifp ky f

7rnfrSe f ; ra0cG JE d li fawmh? vD;ESp facsmif;r Sm wcku'pfud kaz:xm;um

use fwc ku ta7_ym;vSe frc s7ao;y J wacsmi f ;wrs d K ;p Dq G Jaqmi fr S K

aumif;aeonf? apmapmav;uwifjunf hc J h7aom t_ymAD' D<d kac G>

aemufqHk;_yuGufrS Zmwfvdkufaumifrav;u ZmwfvdkufbdkjuD;ESpfa<muf

>vD;ESpfacsmif;ud k pkyfay;aeyH krsm;onf a':wifrm0if;>pdwftm@k HwGif

_yefvnf_rifa<mifvmonf?

258

a':wifrm0if;onf yg;pyfud kus<fEd li for#us<fatmif[onf?

_yD;awmh aumifav;ESpfa<muf>vD;ESpfacsmif;vH k ;ud kvSrf;IiH kp kyfvd kuf

avonf?

7efy d ki fp d k ;E Si f hode f ;atmifausmfwd k huvnf; vD;rsm;ud ktvd kufoih f

p ky fE d l i f atmi f ud k< faeu d k< f[e fv ky fay ;onf ? a':wi frm0i f ;r S m

apmufywfjuD;ovdk yg;pyfuvnf;us<fonf? tHhjozG<faumif;avmuf

atmifyif vD;ESpfacsmif;vH k ;ud k yg;pyfxJ0ifatmif[yf<lum pkyfay;Ed li f

onf? olr>yg;apmifESp fc kuawmh vD;acsmif;rsm;u uvefh_z Jxm;ovdk

_yJtmum yg;ESpfbufuvnf; zkazgif;aeonf? 7efyd ki fp d k ;E Si f hodef;atmif

ausmfwd k hr Smvnf; a':wifrm0if;>ES kwfcrf;om;rsm;ESi f h @Smwd k h> 7ifarm

z G< f7mxdawG haer S Kt_yi f vD ;tc si f ;c si f ;x duy faer S K>t7omud ky g

cHpm;ae7onf? olwd k haumif;aumif;tjudKufawG haejuonf? onfvd k

rdrdwdk h>vD;ESpfacsmif;udk rdef;rwa<mufu yg;pyf_zif hiH kumpkyf<lay;wmrsdK;

juHKawG h7rnf[k olwd k hrxifcJ h? t_ymAD' D<d kum;rsm;xJwGifomjunfhI

tm;uscJ h7zl;onf? <ckawmh ud k<fawG hz Dvif<laeEd li f _y D?

a':wifrm0if;rSmvnf; umr7rufaZm>v$rf;_cH KrS Kud k t_ynfht0

cHae7_yDr d k h yg;pyf_zif hi H kr daeavaomvD;ESp facsmif;ud k pky fay;7ufay;ae

avonf? yg;pyfxJvD;ESp facsmif;y l;u rqef hr_yJ_zpfaeav7m pkyfay;

7ufay;7wm odyfawmhtqifra_yvSyg?

259

Þ awmf_yD- -vdk;ju7atmif- - ß

vD;E Sp facsmi f ;y l ;tpky fc H7onfrSm t7rf;ud kr d kufvSonf htwGuf

ieJom;awGu tyDud kz Dvifwufaeonf? 'gajumif h jumjumqufrpkyf

c d ki f ;awmhy J a':wifrm0i f ;ud k0 d ki f ;!Sy fvd k ; juzd k h ode f ;atmi fausm fu

aqmfjovdkufavonf?

q7mra':wifrm0if;onf yg;pyfxJrS vD;ESpfacsmif;ud kxkwfay;

260

vdkufonf? xkwf<l7mwGi f t7rf;rvkyfE d li f? tvd kufoif homar#mI

xkwf<l7onf?

Þ b<fvD;udk zifxJoGif;_yD;| b<fvD;udk apmufywfxJxnfh7r<f

qd kwm a@G;prf;ygtkef; q7mr7J h- - ß

odef;atmifausmfu 7pfae_yefonf?

Þ [muGm- -b<fa@G;wwfrSmvJ? rif;wd k hbmom judKufovdk

vkyfju? wdk hu cH7if _yD;wmyJr[kwfvm; ß

a':wifrm0if;u _yefa_ymonf?

olr>pdwfxJwGifawmh odef;atmifausmf>vD;ud k zifvd k ;apcsif

onf? olronf odef;atmifausmfzifvd k ;wmud kc Hz l;_y D; (t7omvnf;

aumif;aumif;awG hc J hay7m)onfrd k h xd kvD;ud kzifxJxd k ;xnfhum vdk;wm

xyfcHjunfhcsi fvd konf? 'gayr<fh 'Dvd kjuD;xkwfa_ym_cif;awmh rvkyf

7 Jao;yg?

Þ 'gqd k rif;a_ymuGm 7efyd ki fp d k ;? zifcscsifvm;? apmufywfud k

cscsifvm; ß

odef;atmifausmfu 7efyd ki fp d k ;ud k ar;onf?

261

Þ ig apmufywfud kcsr<f? rif;u zifaqmfayg h ß

7efy d ki fp d k ;u q7mrav;a':wifrm0if;> zifESi f hapmufywfud k

c G Jwr f ;c say;v d ku fonf? wu<fwr f ;vufawG htvd k ;c H7awm hrnfr d k h

a':wifrm0if;a7m| ab;rSaeum em;ESi f hqwfqwfjum;I rsufpdE Si f h

wyftyf_rifae7onfhrusif[kefa7m 7ifcke fusufoD;xoGm;ju7avonf?

trs d K ;orD;ESp fa<mufvH k;yif apmufzkwfawGrd k hazgif;um zif0rsm;

<m;csifovdkvd k bmvdkvd k _zpfvmjuonf? udk<fvH k ;wD;juD;_zpfaeaom

q7mra':wifrm0if;> apmufzkwfjuD;rd k hazgif;c ke f ;juGwufvmyH kuawmh

t_yw fu d ko domonf ? o lr>ay gi fc G jum ;w Gi f a' grme fxaeaom

zm;~ke f!Sif;juD;waumifuyfaeovdk apmufywfjuD;u zl;@GjuGIaeav

onf? apmuf7nfjunfawGvnf; @$rf;@ $r f;p d kae7m qDokwfxm;ouJhod k h

vufa_ymi fta7mi fawmufIyi faeonf? E d k ht H k juD ;wif ;rmvH k ; juGum

yd kjuD;vmovdk_zpfonfomru Edk hoD;acgif;@Snf@Snfrsm; aumhaxmifaeyH ku

vnf; 7rufjuGtonf;<m;pzG<fyif?

Þ b<fhES<fvJ q7mr? 7efyd ki fp d k ;a_ymwm judKuf7J hvm; ß

odef;atmifausmfu 7pfaeavao;onf?

olwd k hp dwfjudKufvd k ;or# b<fvd kr Sr_iif;Ed li fy J cH7@Smrnf hr de f ;rud k

262

wrifyif ar;aeavonf?

w^Sm7rufxef_yif;I tvdk;cHcsifp dwfrsm; wzGm;zGm;ay:ayguf

aeaomfvnf; rde f ;rom;wa<mufyDy D onfvd ktar;rs d K ;tar;cH7awmh

a':wifrm0if;c_rm rsufESmxlylIoGm;7avonf? @SufaoG;rsm;zsef;vmum

7rufaZmxefaeaomt@SdefESif ha7mI wudk<fvHk;aoG;a7mifv$rf;IoGm;onf?

a':wi frm0i f ;onf _r dw fo lr _zp fum tom;t7nf0 g0i f ; _zLaz G ;7m

@ Sufajumufp dwf | 7rufp dwf _zi f h aoG ;a7mi fr sm ;v$r f ;o Gm ;aomtcg

0pfvpfpvpfud k<fvH k;ud k eDwDwDqvdkufrD;a7mif cyfysysav;_yvdkufonfh

ES<f tvGefud kjunfhI yD_yifaumif;rGe foGm;onf?

Þ ar;wm a_ymygtkef;q7mr7J h? 7efyd ki fp d k ;u q7mrapmufywf

ud kcs_yD; uÈefawmfu zifaqmfrSmud k q7mroabmus7J hvm; ß

odef;atmifausmfuxyfIar;um q7mra':wifrm0if;>zifom;

_zL_zLtdtdjuD;ud k udkif!Spfvd kufonf? a':wifrm0if;u vHk;juD;aygufvS|

qd kufjuD;juD; [JAD;abmf' D _zpf7m zifjuD;u um;pGi f hwif;tdaeonf?

zi fom;00wpfwpfjuD ;ud k ud ki f!Sp f7onfr Sm p D ;p D ;y d ki fy d ki f@ S dv Sonf?

"gwfqufoGm;avvm;rod? 7efyd kifpd k;uvnf; a':wifrm0if;> usefzifom;

_crf;juD;ud k ud ki f!Spfvd kuf_yefonf? rdrd>zifaygufESi f hapmufywfwd k hud k

w_yd Ki feufwnf;0 d ki f ;!Sy fumvd k ;juawmhrnf h aumifav;ESp fa<muf>

263

ziftudkifcH7rSKonf a':wifrm0if;udk @Sufvnf;@Suf| pdwfvnf;vSKyf@Sm;ESif h

7ifxJbavmifqloGm;aponf?

Þ Ed k hud kvnf; 0d ki f;p d k h7atmifuGm- -'grS 'd k hq7mr yd kz Dvifvm

rSmuG- - ß

a_yma_ymqd kqd ko de f ;atmi fausm fu a':wifrm0i f ;>nmbuf

Ed k hoD;acgif;ud k ukef;Ipd k hay;vdufonf? 7rufaZmt[kef_zif h Ed k hoD;onf

cÈefaumhawmifwufIaeav7m pd k hay;vd k haumif;vSonf?

Þ Ed k hp d k h7i f ; zifaygufe J hapmufacgi f ;ud kvnf; xd k ;uvday;7if

yd kr d kufrSmuG- - ß

7efy d ki fp d k ;u wrs d K ;xGi fa_ymvm_yefonf? xd kod k ha_ym_yD ;aemuf

7efy d ki fp d k ;onf q7mra':wifrm0if ;>b<fbufEd k hoD ;acgi f ;ud k tom

uke f ;Ip d k hv d ku f _ye fonf? i<f@ G<fE ky s d Laomaumi fav;E Sp fa<muf>

Ed k hoD;ESp fc kud k _yd Ki fwlpd k hay;wmcH7rSKonf touf(28)ESpft@G<frde f;rjuD;

a':wi frm0i f ;u d k 7i fwz d k z d k | tonf ;wat;at; _zp fo Gm ;aponf?

tzsm;wufovd k yg ;py fr Sw[if ;[if ;toH _rnfonf? 0wfvpfpvpf

ud k f<fvH k ;juD;rSmvnf; wGef hueJcgueJ_zpfonf?

ab;em;rS7yfjunfhaerdaom touf(16)ESpft@G<f @Srf;w@kwf

264

rav;rusif[kefr Smvnf; pdwfawGyd kvd k hvSKyf@ Sm;vmonf? tcef;wckckxJ

0i fum a@ Smi fae7e fyi fp dw frul ;r dawm h ? 7i fw' de f ;' de f ;c ke faev#uf

ode f ;atmi fausm fwd k h>y G Ju d k junf haeonf? apmapmujunf hc J h7onf h

t_ymAD'D<d kacG>aemufqH k;_yuGufrsm;ud k _rifa<mifvmonf?

r jumr Dq7mra':wi frm0i f ;wa<muf xd kt _ymum;x Ju

Zmw fv d ku ftm@ Sw d ku fo l aumi f rav;v d k zi fx Jw G i fv D ;wac s mi f ; |

apmufywfxJwGifvD;wacsmif;xdk;oGif;um vdk;wmudk_rif7awmhrSmygvm;[k

aw G ; r d _ y e f ao mtc g ru s i f[ k e f r S m x d k a e 7 m r S r c G m E d l i f aw m h ?

@ SufajumufrsufE Smy lonf hp dwfrsm;@ S daeaomfvnf; umr7rufp dwfE Si f h

w r lx l ; ao mu m r r S K r s m ;u d k aw G h _ r i f v d k on f h a Z mqE Nw d k h u

tm;aumif;aomoHvd kufyrm ususeejuD;yifqG Jaqmifxm;cJ hav_yD?

aumifav;ESpfa<mufonf olwd k hq7mr>Ed k hoD;rsm;ud k _yd Ki fwl

ukef;p d k hay;7if; rjumrDolwd k hvd k ;juawmhrnf h zifaygufESi f hapmufacgif;

wd k hud kvnf; xd k;uvdjuonf?

7e fy d k i f p d k ;u a':wi frm0i f ;>ay gi f7i f ;c Gq H k r S apmu fyw fu d k

nmvuf_zif h vSrf;Itkyfud ki fonf? rd k hazgif;um apmuf7nfjunfawG

@ $ r f ; @ $ r f ; p d k a e aomap mu f yw f ju D ;on f vu fwt k y f p m y i f ru ?

aygif;td k ;xJrSxkwf<lvmump 0rf h0rf haygufpDtjuD;pm;vd k EkEktdtdESi f h

265

aEG;aEG ;axG;axG;juD; _zp faeonf? apmufz kwfE S kwfcrf ;om;E Sp fc kuawmh

avxdkoGif;xm;onfhe S<f wpfwpf7pf7pfjuD;azgif;@Gaeonf? apmufaph

juD;awGuvnf; aigufawmufaxmifum xlxlxJxJapmufzkwfESKwfcrf;om;

ESpfc kud kyif ausmfIcÈefxGufaeonf? 7efyd ki fp d k ;u apmufaphud kvufrESif h

tomzdyGwfvd kuf7m a':wifrm0if; cg;yifwGef hIoGm;onf?

wcs de fwnf;vd kvd kr Smyi f ode f ;atmi fausm f>nmvufuvnf;

zifjuD;ud k prf;vmonf? t7ifqH k; b<fbufzifom;_crf;juD;ud k wcsuf

y Gwfum qdwfIqG Jonf? zi fqdwfc H7r S Kajumif h trs d K ;orD ;juD ;r Sm

pyfzsif;zsif;_zpfIoGm;7onf? _yD;awmh nmbufzifom;_crf;udk vufacsmif;

rsm;_zif hususeeud ki fum qGJI_zJonf? ziftuGJajumif;wbuf _yJwJwJ

_zpfoGm;aomtcg b<fvuf!S d K ;_zif h zifaygufud kE S d Kufonf? t7ifqH k;

ptdk0udk vufacsmif;xdyf_zif h xdk;uvdyGwfonf? _yD;awmhrS vufacsmifudk

zifacgif;aygufxJod k h zdxd k ;xnfhonf? vD;acsmif;juD;ESi f htvd k;c Hz l;_yD;aom

zifayguf_zpfaomajumif h vufacsmi f ;xd k ;oGi f ;7wm odyfawmhrcuf?

ptd kaygufuvnf; zGif hay;wwfae_yD? vufacsmif;onf zifacgif;ayguf

xJod k hav#mwd k;0ifonf? 'gayr<fh ppfueJemoGm;aomajumif h a':wifrm

0if;>yg;pyfrS Øtm;- -tif h × [k toHav;_rnfwrf;nnf;rd@ Smonf?

7efyd kifpd k ;uvnf; apmufaphudkyGwf_yD;aemuf q7mra':wifrm0if;

>apmufacgif;aygufxJod k h vufcv<fxd k;oGif;vd kuf_yefonf? Todk h _zif h

a':wifrm0if;wa<muf zifESif hapmufywf| tvdk;cHtaygufESpfaygufxJwGif

266

aumifav;ESpfa<muf> vufacsmif;wacsmif;pD wd k;0ifcHae7avawmh

onf? a@S haygufESi f haemufaygufwd k hud k vufacsmif;rsm;_zif hwcs de fwnf;

xd k ;uvdcHae7rSKu t7omwrsd K ;xl;vSonf? pdwfud kwenf;wzH kvSKyf@ Sm;

aponf?

onfvd kvufacsmif;rsm;ESif hxd k ;uvd_cif;onf y^mrtpys d K;rS Kom

_zpfonf? rjumrD vufacsmif;rsm;tpm; vD;acsmif;wkwfwkwfjuD;rsm;

ae7m<lvmjurnfud k odaerS Kuvnf; a':wifrm0if;>umr7rufrD;

twGuf avmifpmaumif;rsm;_zpfae_yefonf? xd kod k ht_yKcH7rnf hta7;

twGuf @Suf@ G h H haemufwGe f haerS Kwd k huvnf; ododomomyifavsm husI

vmaeonf? q7mra':wifrm0if;c_rm ausmif;om;vli<fESpfa<muf>

yd ki fE d li fuÈr f ;usi fp Gmus H K ;oGi f ;r S KatmufwGi f 0y fqif ;t7nfaysm foGm;7

@Smav_yD?

aumifav;ESp fa<mufuvnf; olwd k hq7mr>apmufacgi f ;E Si f h

zifaygufrsm;xJod h k xd k;xnfhxm;aomvufacsmif;rsm;ud k cyfoGufoGuf

_ref_refxd k ;oGif;vSKyf@ Sm;ay;onf? q7mr>Ed k hoD;acgif;rsm;ud kvnf; yd kI

tmomir f ;ir f ;p d k h juonf? ode f ;atmi fausm fuqd kv#i f olp d k haeaom

q7mra':wifrm0if;>nmbufEd k hoD;acgif;ud k oGm;_zif hud kufIyifqG Jvd kuf

avao;onf? Ed k hoD;xdyf ememjuifjuif_zpfonf? 'gayr<fh xd kemjuif

rS Konf a':wifrm0if;ud k juufoD;awGzsef;ueJxapaom umrt7om

wrsd K;t_zpf a_ymif;vJcHpm;7onf?

267

Þ td k- -t[if h[if h- -tm [m- -tm; tD;- -b<fvd kvkyf

aejuwmvJuG<f- -td k; tarh- -[if h ß

ES d K ;qGrS KawGu 7ufa7moavmufxdrdvSay7m yifud k<fuyif

7rufxefaom_rdwfolra':wifrm0if;rSm pdwfud kb<fvd kr#rcsKyfwnf;Ed li f

awmh? umrqdyf wufonfxufwufvmonf? tvdk;cHcsifpdwfawGuvnf;

xdef;rEd li fodrf;r7awmhatmif aomif;usef;Ivmonf? tvdk;cHcsifwmrS

@k d ;@ k d ;wef;wef;yifr[kwf? apmufywfESif hzif w_ydKi fwnf;vD;ESpfacsmif;_zif h

0 d ki f ;!Syfvd k ;wmrs d K ;ud k cHcsifvm_cif;_zpfonf? aumifav;ESpfa<muf>

vufacsmi f ;r sm; _zi f h tpys d K ;vrf ;pxGi fvd kufr S konf a':wifrm0if ;ud k

zifaygufESi f hapmufywfESpfayguf _yd Ki fwlzDvif<lt7omcHwwfvmatmif

tyDt_yifvkyfaqmifEd li fc J hay_yD?

Þ vkyfjuawmhavuG<f? wdk hud k !Syfvd k ;r<fqd k? vd k;ygawmh?

wd k h7 J hzi faygufe J hapmufywfxJud k rif;wd k h7 J hvD;juD;awGxd k ;oGi f ; _y D ; tyD

vd k ;ay;prf ;yg? wd k ht7rf;c Hcsi fae_y D? raeEd li fawmhbl;? vd k ;jupr; fyg?

vd k ;ygawmhuGm- -vdk;ygawmh- - ß

b<fvd kr S xdef;rEd li fodrf;r7awmhatmif aomif;usef;vmaom

7rufaZmt[ke fajumi f h a':wifrm0i f ;onf t@SuftajumufawG |

~ k^foduQmawG | bmawG vH k ;0xnf ho Gi f ;pO f ;pm; _ci f ;r _y KE d li fawm hy J

268

tirf;r7tavmwjuD;yif tmom7ruf_yif;_yif;ESif ha_ymcsvdkufrdavonf?

xd kpum;rsm;jum;vd kuf7aom rusif[ke fr Smvnf; tawmfud k

t J H h jooGm ;onf ? q7mrbmajumi f h onfv d k a _ymc sv d ku fonfu d k

em;rvnfEd li f? q7mra':wifrm0if;onf r_iif;qefomaomajumif hom

7e fy d ki fp d k ;E Si f ho de f ;atmi fausm fwd k he Sp fa<muf 0d ki f ;!Sy fvd k ; jurSmud kc Hz d k h

oabmw lc J h 7onf[ k rusi f[ ke f e m ;vnfxm ;onf ? onfv d k r s d K ;

p dwfygvufyg tmomirf;irf;_zpfvmvdrf hrnf[k rxifrdc J hay?

7efyd ki fp d k ;r Smvnf vd k;csi fonfhp dwfawGxef_yif;vmae7m Ed k hoD;

ukef;pd k hae7mrSz<f_yD; tvkyfp 7efa_ymvd kufavawmhonf?

Þ zd kufjur<fuGm? q7mr t_ywfa[mhaeyg_yD? ß

a':wifrm0i f ;>apmufywfud kxd k ;uvdaeaomol>vufacsmi f ;

ud kvnf; qG Jxkwfvd kufonf? apmuf7nfjunfawG@ $r f ;@ $r f ;p d katmi f

xGufaeonfrd k h apmufywfxJvufacsmif;qG Jxkwfaomtcg ØyspfAvpf×[k

cyfwd k ;wd k ;toHav;_rnfonf?

Þ at;? cswmayg h? ud k7J(7efyd ki fp d k ;)- -rif; qdkzgay:oGm;_yD;

yufvufvSeftdyf? q7mrudk tay:ucG_yD; tzkwfxJvD;oGif;<layg h?

_yD;r Sigu q7mrtay:uae zifaqmfr<f? @Sif;vm;- - ß

269

odef;atmifausmfuvnf; Ed k hp d k haewmudk7yf_yD; a_ymonf? <ck

@ S daeonf hav;a<mufxJwGi f ode f ;atmi fausm fu umrpy f<Sufr S K

tawGtjuH Ktrsm;qH k ;E Si f h umrr S Kenf ;vr f ;awG tuÈr f ;usi fqH k ;r d k h

tvd kvd kyif q7mjuD;ae7m7aeonf?

Þ td kau- - ß

7efydkifpdk;u a_yma_ymqdkqdk ESpfa<mufxdkifqdkzmckefjuD;ay:wufum

yufvufvSeftdyfcsonf? rwfawmifaeaomvD;acsmif;juD;u rd k ;ar#m fI

aeonf?

odef;atmifausmfu Edk hpd k h7yfvdkufaomfvnf; olhvufacsmif;udkawmh

a':wifrm0i f ;zi facgi f ;aygufxJr S qG Jrxkwfao;? zi facgi f ;aygufxJ

xd k;xm;qJ_zpfonf? ptd kxJvufacsmif;xd k ;xm;cH7qJ_zpfaom a':wifrm

0if;rSm cg;av;aumhaumh| zifqH k00juD;aemufod k hypfv#ufESi f hyif 7yfae

7avonf?

Þ udki f;- -oGm;av? zifacsmif;xJu vufacsmif;uÈwfroGm;

apeJ haemf? uÈefawmf aemufuaeuyf_yD; vd kufcJ hr<f ß

odef;atmifausmfu tawmfudk7pfonfhieJyif? vD;tawmifom;ESif h

270

yufvuftdyfaeaom7efyd ki fp d k ;tay: cGvd k ;7efoGm;7rnf ha':wifrm0if;ud k

onftwdki f; vGwfvGwfvyfvyfroGm;cd ki f;? zifacgif;aygufxJvufacsmif;

xd k ;oGif;v#ufom;wpfvpfjuD;_zif h oGm;cd ki f ;onf?

a':wi frm0i f ;onf ode f ;atmi fausm fc d k i f ;ovd ko Gm ;7onf?

ode f ;atmi fausm fu a':wifrm0i f ;>aemufr S toif hvd kufvmonf?

a':wi frm0i f ;onf cg ;ao;_y D ;zi f juD ;ay7m vrf ;av#mufonf htcg

zif00juD;rsm;onf tvdkvd kyif b<fnmwodrf hodrf h<rf;onf? zifxJ

vufacsmif;xdk;oGif;v#ufom;juD;ESifh av#mufoGm;7aomajumifh wifuvnf;

aemufod k htenf;i<faumhIae_yefonf? b<fnma_ctvSrf;| zifom;_crf;

juD;rsm; edrf h_rif hvSKyf@Sm;a_ymif;vJrSKESif htwl ptdkaygufuvnf; taetxm;

a_ymi f ;ae7m txJod k hx d k ;o Gi f ;xm;aomvufac smi f ;u d k !Sp fv d ku f |

! Sy fv d ku f | vSnf hy Gw fvd ku fvky faeonf htvm; p D ;y d k i fp G m@ S d aeonf?

ode f ;atmifausmfonf wrs d K ;tqef;xGi fjunf hvd kaomajumif h <ckvd k

tvkyfc d ki f ; _ci f ; _zpfonf? prf;vky fjunf h7m cHpm;7onf hz Dvifuvnf;

aumif;vSaomajumifh rdrd>wDxGifprf;oyfjunfhrSKudk tawmfoabmusI

aeonf?

qd kzgtem;od k h a7mufoGm;juonf?

Þ udk7Jtay:wufcG_yD; apmufywfxJvD;zdoGif;<lav q7mr ß

zi faygufxJ vufacsmi f ;xd k ;o Gi f ;7ufom;juD ;@ S daer S Kajumi f h

271

qdkzgay:vSrf;wuf7cufv#uf cyfqdkif;qdkif;_zpfaeavaoma':wifrm0if;udk

odef;atmifausmfu wdkufwGef;vd kufonf?

Þ zifxJuvuf xkwfygawmhuGm? tJ'Dvd kjuD;xnfhxm;awmh

b<fvd kvkyf olhtay:wufvd k h7rSmvJ ß

a':wifrm0if;u rlovdkvdktrlt7mav;ESif ha_ymonf? zifaygufxJ

vufacsmif;xd k ;xnfhxm;wmudk rauseyfaomajumif hr[kwf? qdkzgay:

yufvufvSJtdyfaeaom7efyd kifpd k;tay:wufum apmufywfxJvD;acsmif;juD;

oGif;<lzd k hcufaeaomajumif hom txkwfcd ki f ;_cif;_zpfonf?

Þ [m- -[kwfom;yJ? zifaygufuusOf;_yD; !Spftm;aumif;vd k h

qG Jawmifrxkwfcsifbl;_zpfaew<f- -[J[J[J ß

ode f ;atmi fausm fu 7<farma_ymqd k7i f ; a':wi frm0i f ;>

ptdkaygufxJxd k;xnfhxm;aom olhvufacsmif;ud kqG Jxkwfonf? zifayguf

xJrSvufacsmif;uÈwfxGufrSKESif htwl bkueJbGwfueJtD;aygufoHonfvnf;

qufwd kufay:xGufonf?

Þ usifusifa7- -ighausmyd k ;tdwfab;tdwfxJu zifvd k;qDbl;

aysmhav;<lay;prf;yg[m ß

zifaygufxJxd k;oGif;xm;aomvufacsmif; r@S dawmhyJ vGwfvGwf

272

vyfvyfvSKyf@Sm;Ed lifI q7mra':wifrm0if; 7efyd kifpd k;tay:rSwufcGvdk;Ed lif7ef

qdkzgay:vSrf;wufvdkufonfhtcsdefrSmyif odef;atmifausmfu rusif[kefudk

vSrf;Ia_ymvdkufonf?

ola_ymyH ku cJwHwacsmi f ;c^iSm;7e f awmif ;onf havoHrs d K ;

cyfat;at;_zpfaomfvnf; rusif[ke fr Smawmh 7ifwke fyef;wke f _zpfoGm;

7@Smonf? Øzifvd k ;qD× qd kaomtoHk;tESKe f;r Sm rusif[keftzd k h topf

tqef;_zpfovdk tawmfvnf; em;0if@k di f ;aeonf? rusif[kefomru

tawGhtjuHKtawmf7if haeavaoma':wifrm0if;yifv#if 7ifxJ' de f ;ueJ

cke foGm;7avonf?

rusif[kefonf odef;atmifausmfud k tvefhwjum;yifjunfhvd kuf

rd@Smonf?

Þ usifusifuvJ- -bmrsufvH k;_yL;junfhaewmvJ? zifvd k ;qD

<lay;prf;ygvd k ha_ymaewm? [dk ab;tdwfxJu tpdrf;Eka7mifbl;aysmh

awmif hav;av- - ß

odef;atmifausmfu a_ymvd kufonf?

odef;atmifausmfonf rusif[kefud k onfaehzifaqmf7ef pdwful;

273

xm;onf? xd kajumi f h Øzi fvd k ;qD × wri f<lc d ki f ; _ci f ; _zp favonf?

rusif[kefr Smvnf; rsufESmylyl | cyf@Suf@SufESi f hyif odef;atmifausmf>

ausmy d k ;t dw f>ab;uyft dw fud ko Gm ;z Gi f h7avonf? xd kt dw fxJwGi f

bl;aysm hawmif hE Sp fc k@ S donf? wcku Øuvd k htyfp f × oGm;wd kufaq;bl;

tao;pm;? usefwckuawmh tpdrf;Eka7mifbl;aysmhav;? t@G<ftpm;u

oGm;wd kufaq;bl;awmif hESi f h twlwlavmuf@S donf? bl;aysmhaysmhay:wGif

Øau0d ki f~s<fvD× [kpma7;xm;onf?

rusif[ke fonf xd kod k haomypPnf;rs d K ;ud k r_rifz l ;yg? od k haomf

tdwfuyfxJwGif bl;aysmhawmifhESpfckom@S dav7m oGm;wdkufaq;bl;udkawmh

od_yD;om;rd k h usefbl;aysmhawmif hrSm odef;atmifausmfa_ymaom Øzifvd k;qD×

qd kwm_zpfrnfud kawmh pOf;pm;wwfygonf? aumifrav;pOf;pm;a@G;cs<f

Ed lifap7eftwGuf odef;atmifausmfuwrifyif oGm;wdkufaq;bl;awmif hESif h

twlwG JIxm;_cif;_zpfavonf?

au0dkif~s<fvDqdkonfu zifvdk;7mwGifokwfvdrf;7aomqDrsm;wGif

taumif;qH k;aom yxrwef;pm;qDtrsd K;tpm;_zpfayonf? zifaygufxJod k h

v D ;t0i ftxGuf | toGi f ;txkwf acsmr Gwftqifa_yaponf ht_yi f

zifvdk;ola<mufsm;>vD;wefudk ydkItm;_ynfhoefrmapv#uf zifvdk;cHrdef;r>

ptdkudkawmh ydkI<m;usdusd_zpfatmifzefwD;ay;Ed lifpGrf;@S donf? zifvdk;ola7m

zifvdk;cHolyg zifvdk;_cif;>pnf;pdrft7omudk _ynfh0xl;uJpGmcHpm;7@Sdapatmif

tm;_znf hwGe f ;tm;ay;Ed li fonf?

274

odef;atmifausmfonf zifvdk;7wmudk tawmfvnf;0goemygonf?

'gajumif hvnf; zifvd k;cef;ygaomt_ymum;rsm;| t_ymyH krsm;ud kjunfh_cif;|

t_ympmtkyfrsm;udkzwf_cif;rsm;vkyfv#uf tcgtcGif hoifhwd kif; oltjuHtzef

rdaeaomrdef;rrsm;udvnf; zifaqmfavh@S donf?

zifvdk;aomtcg wHawG;udkt"duoHk;um 7Hzef7HcgwGif acgif;vdrf;qD

wrs d K ;r s d K ;ud koH k ;onf? au0d ki f~ s<fvDud kawmh jum;omjum;z l ;onf?

wu<fwrf;roHk;zl;ao;yg? 0<f<l7@SdEd lifaomae7m| tquftoG<fudkawmh

odxm;_yD;_zpfonf? 'gayr<fh aps;urw7m;juD;aomajumif h odef;atmif

ausmfrwwfEd li fc J hyg? tck onfau0d ki f~s<fvDbl;uawmh a':wifrm0if;

xHrSaiG<lum 0<fcJ h_cif;_zpfavonf? olhtzd k h oHk;junfhcsifaomypPnf;udk

onfaeh vufawGhoH k ;7awmhrnf?

Þ 'g- -'g- -vm; [if ß

ru si f[ k e fon f au0 d k i f ~ s< fv Db l ; awmi f hu d kx kw f< lum

odef;atmifausmftm; _yefar;vd kuf7onf?

Þ at;- -[kwfw<f? eifu zifvd k ;qDud k todom;yJud k ; ß

Þ [m- -rodygbl;? [if htif;- -[if htif;- - ß

275

rusif[kefr Sm rsufESmjuD;xltrf;oGm;um acgif;ud ki H k hvd kufonf?

odef;atmifausmfud krjunfhyJ au0d ki f~s<fvDbl;awmif hud kom vSrf;ay;

vdkufonf?

Þ vm- -ig hvD;rSm qDokwfay;prf;- - ß

odef;atmifausmfuawmh vkyfcsvd kuf_yef_yD?

zifvdk;qD[ktrnfrSnfhxm;aom au0dkif~s<fvDbl;udkxkwfay;7wm

ud kyi f rsufE Smy lvSaomajumif h acgi f ;juD;i H k hxm;aomaumifrav;ud k

tyDapcd ki f;onf?

Þ uÈwf- -@SifuvJ? tJ'Dvd krs d K ; t7pfr@SnfygeJ h@ Si f ß

Þ atmifrm- -bm t7pf@ Snfoav;bmav;vky faewmvJ?

vm- -vdrf;ay;? pum;rsm;raeeJ h- - ß

odef;atmifausmf avoHrmvmonf?

tyd kifud kifrdxm;I usdK;EG Haeav_yD_zpfaomrusif[kefrSm r_iif;qef

Ed li f@ Smawmh? odef;atmifausmf>vD;acsmif;juD;ud k qDokwfvdrf;ay;Ed li f7ef

276

pwifvSKyf@ Sm;7avawmhonf?

yxrqH k ; au0d ki f~ s<fvDbl;aysm htzH k ;ud kz Gi f honf? bl;0wGi f

taoydwfxm;aom taysm hpm;t_ym;v;ud k vSnf honf? _y D ;awmhr S

txJut7nfysp fysp ftenf;i<fud k b<fvufz0g;xJ!Sp fIxnf honf?

au0dkif~s<fvD>ta7mifonf cyfjunfjunf_zpfum oif;ysH hysH hav;ar$;onf?

7rufud kE d k ;xaponfh tar$;7eH hrs d K ; _zpf7m e~d kurSp dwfvSKy f@ Sm;aeaom

rusif[ke fonf 7ifw'de f ;' de f ;c ke fIvmonf? xd kaemuf vuf0g;xJ@ S d

~s<fvDrsm;_zif h odef;atmifausmf>vD;acsmif;juD;ud k vdrf;ay;7avonf?

a':wifrm0if;ud k zifvd k;awmhrnfhodef;atmifausmf>vD;juD;onf

rwfrwfjuD;awmifv#uf oHacsmif;wr#rmajumaeonf? _yD;awmh ylyl

aEG;aEG;juD;? vD;udkqDokwfvdrf;ay;ae7aomrusif[kefrSm vD;>rmajumrSK|

ylaEG;rS Kt_yif w'dwf'dwfaoG;wd k ;touf0ifaerSKwd k hud kyg xdawGhod@S dae

7onf? onfvD;juD;onf rjumrD q7mra':wifrm0if;>zifaygufxJ

xdk;xnfhum t_ywfvdk;awmhrSmygvm;[laomtawG;onf aumifrav;udk

p dwfyd kvSKy f@ Sm;aponf?

onfjum;xJ odef;atmifausmfu vufo7rf;um zifud ki fvd kuf|

Ed k hqG Jvd kufvkyfae_yefav7m yd kIyifpdwfxjuGae7avonf?

odef;atmifausmfu t7pf@Snfum rusif[kefE Si f hzifvd k ;qDudpP

277

tvkyfrsm;aecsdefwGif a':wifrm0if;uawmh oGufoGufvufvufvSKyf@Sm;um

tvkyf _zp fIaeav_yD? olrtzd k h <ckvd ka<mufsm;tay:uwufcGum

vdk;7rSKtawGhtjuHK@S daeonfrd k h tcuftcJodyfr@S d? txmusum uÈrf;usif

aeonf? wckawmh@S donf? ESpfa<mufxd ki fqd kzgxd ki fc ke fay:rSm wufvkyf

7wmuawmh yxrOD;qH k;tjudrf?

a':wifrm0if;onf 7efyd ki fp d k ;>aygif7if; qD;pyfwnfhwnfhay:

c GIxd ki fonf? olr>a_cz0g;rsm;u 7efy d ki fp d k ;>cg;wbufwcsufwGi f

@ S daeonf? 7efy d ki fp d k ;>7ifbwfay: b<fvufaxmufumtm;_yKv#uf

bmvuf_zif hvD;acsmif;juD;ud kqkyfud ki fum apmufywf0wGifqG JIawhonf?

atmufbufwGif yufvufvSefv#uf@S daeaom7efyd kifpd k;u acgif;udkrodrom

juGum olhvD;acsmif;ESif ha':wifrm0if;>apmufywfwdk h xduyfrSKta_ctae

udkvSrf;Ijunfhonf?

vD;uomr[kwfyJ rsufpd_zif hygjunhf@ S Kt7omcH zDvif<lonf?

apmufzkwfjuD;onf rd k hazgif;umzl;@Gv#uf t7nfjunfawGpd k@ $ Jaeav7m

vD;xdyfESi f hxdrduyfrdonfESi f h pd kp d kp GwfpGwf| azgif;azgif;tdtdt7omudk

cHpm;7onf? xdk h _yif vD;xdyfESif hz drdI rd k hz l;aeaomapmufywfESKwfcrf;om;

tv<fyd ki f;tdtdav; cs d Ki f h0ifoGm;onfuvnf; junfhvd k haumif;vSonf?

t_ymum;rsm;wGif apmufywfxJvD;oGif;7efawhaxmufvdkufrSKud k

278

teD;uyfqG J<l@ k duf _yxm;onfxufyif yd kIjunf h7wmzDvifvmonf?

[kwfonf? ol>vD;juD;u xdawGhr S Kt7omudkyg vufawGhod@S dc Hpm;

ae7onfr[kwfygvm;? w^SmtvGefxefum tvdk;c Hvd konf hp dwfawG

t7rf;_yif;_yaeaom q7mra':wifrm0if;rSm apmufywfwGifvD;qG Jawh

rd_yD;onfESif h olrzifqH k00wpfwpfjuD;ud katmufod k hz dcsI vD;ud ktzkwfxJ

o Gi f ;< lonf ? v D ; ju D ;onf apmu fyw fx Jav#mue Jw d k ; 0i fonf ?

vD ;wacsmi f ;v H k ;apmufywfxJwd k ;0i fo Gm ;aomtcg a':wi frm0i f ;>

qD;pyfESi f h 7efyd ki fp d k ;>qD;pyfrsm;vnf; wif;juyfpGmxdrduyfrdjuonf?

a':wifrm0if;onf zifqH kjuD;ud k edrf hvd kufjuGvd kuf_zif h qufI

vSKyf@ Sm;onf? tay:rSususeezdjudwfum vdk;ay;onf?

a':wifrm0if;> zdjudwfvd k;wmuÈrf;usifonfhtwGuf atmufrS

7efyd kifpd k;rSmvnf; t7omt_ywfudkaumif;aeonf? tm;7yg;7cyfjurf;jurf;

tay:rSzdjudwfvdk;ay;aeonfrd k h a':wifrm0if;>tjuD;pm;uÈJaumoD;udk

xufyd kif;_zwfum 7ifbwfwGifuyfxm;onfhES<f vHk;0ef;juD;xGm;avaom

Ed k htH kjuD;rsm;u wwkefwkefvSKyfcgaeonf? tdxGm;avaom7ifom;qd ki f

juD;rsm;onf wckESi f hwckyif xdrd@k dufrdonf? 7efyd ki fp d k ;u xdkEd k htH kom;

juD;rsm;ud k atmufrSvufvSrf;um tm;7yg;7qG Jud ki fqkyfe<faeavao;

onf? ESpfa<mufvH k;t7omawGhzDvifwufaeju7m ab;bufwGif@S dae

aomodef;atmifausmfESi f hrusif[kefwd k hud kyif arhaejuonf? odef;atmif

ausmfE Si f hrusif[ke fwd k h bmawGvkyfaejuonfud kvnf; rodjuawmh?

279

owdrrlrdjuawmh?

a':wifrm0if;u tay:rSzdjudwfovdk 7efyd ki fpd k ;uvnf;atmufrS

cg;udkjuGum vD;acsmif;juD;udk aumhIaumhIwifay;onf? vD;taumhESif h

tay:rSzdtjudwf| tHus_zpfoGm;7m zDvifyd k7onf? vD;ESif htzkwfonfvnf;

yd kIpD;pD;yk difyd kif xdawGhyGwfwdkufrdonf? vD;xdk;wifonfhtm;t[kefuvnf;

weif hwyd k ;juD;yif@ S donf?

Þ tm;yg;yg;- -0ifw<f7efyd ki fp d k ;7m? txJrSmatmif hud koGm;wmyJ

vkyfprf;yg- -tJ'Dvd krs d K ;aumhwifay;prf;yg? [if;[if;- - ß

a':wifrm0if;u tarmwauma_ymonf?

Þ aumhwifay;aewmyJ q7mr7J h? a[m'DrSm- -a[m 'DrSm ß

Þ bGyfzGwfzGwf- -zwfzwf- - ß

Þ tm;- -@S D ;- -[kwf_yD- -[kwf_yD- -tJ'Dvd krs d K ;- -tJvd krs d K ;

bGyfbGyf- -tm;tm;- -cyf_yif;_yif;av;- - ß

Þ bGyfbGyf- -@SL; bGyf ß

Þ aumi f ;w<f- -aumi f ;w<f- -trav; av;- -

280

7efyd ki fp d k ;7 J h- - ß

Þ Ed k hjuD;awGqG Jaewmaum aumif;7J hvm; ß

Þ tif;- -tif;- -qGJ qG J- -Ed k hawGud k wtm;qG Jay; ß

a':wifrm0if;uawmh t7rf;ud k _zpfIaeonf? zifjuD;ud kvnf;

t_ywfud kvSKyf@Sm;um 7uf7ufa7ma7mudk zdjudwfay;aeonf? 7efyd ki fp d k ;

uvnf; vD;juD;ud k aumhaumhxd k;wif7if; juD;xGm;vSavaomEd k htH kom;

juD;rsm;ud k tm;remwrf;yif qkyfud ki fqG J!Spfaeavonf? Ed k hud ki fjurf;7m

_zLaeaomE d k ht H kom;juD ;r sm ;ay:wGi f vufac smi f ;7mt!d ktr JawGyi f

xifukefonf?

wbufwGifvnf; odef;atmifausmfrSm vD;wGifqDususeevdrf;

_y D ;aemuf a':wi frm0i f ;u d kzi fc s7e f tomcsO f ;uy fIvmavonf?

z DvifawGwufv#uf t7omt_ywfawG haeaoma':wifrm0i f ;uawmh

olrud kode f ;atmifausm fu zifvd k ;rnfqd konfud kyi f arhovd k _zp fum

7efyd ki fpd k ;>tay:rS xifwd kif;usJumvSKyf@Sm;aeonf? wifjuD;ut_ywfudk

txufatmufb<fnm vSKyf@Sm;<rf;cgIaeav7m odef;atmifausmftzd k h

zifaygufxJvD;xd k;oGif;zd k h h ta_ctaeb<fvd kr Sraumif;yg?

Þ q7mr- -odyfa[mhraeeJ h? zifjuD;ud k c^_idrfxm;tkef;?

281

uÈefawmf zifcsawmhrvd k h- - ß

ode f ;atmifausm fu q7mra':wifrm0if;>zifud k cyfomom

wcsufykwfvd kuf_y D ;a_ymonf?

zDvifawGt_ywfwufaeaomq7mra':wifrm0if;r Sm <ckrSyif

odef;atmifausmfzifvd k;wm cH7tkef;rSmud kowd7onf? vSKyf<rf;cgaeaom

olr>zifjuD;vnf; _idr fIoGm;onf?

Þ usi fusi f- -q7mrzi f0r Sm zi fvd k ;q Denf ;enf ;avmuf

!Spfcsvd kuf- -ig zifqG J _z Jay;xm;r<f ß

odef;atmifausmfu au0dkif~s<fvDbl;aysmhud kifv#ufom;@S daeaom

rusi f[ke fu d k vSr f ;a _ymonf? xd kaemuf q7mra':wi frm0i f ;>

zifom;juD;ESpf_crf;ud k vufESpfbuf_zif hususeeqkyfudkifum tm;7yg;7yif

qG J _z Jvd kufavonf? ig;ud kyg;[uf_zJvd kufonfhES<fyif a':wifrm0if;>

zifom;juD;ESp f _crf; _yJv#uf@S donf? zif_yJoGm;rS Kajumif h zifcGjum;@S d

ptd kaygufonfvnf; t_yL;om;ay:Ivmavonf?

zifud k7uf7ufa7ma7mt_zJc Hvd kuf7rS Kajumif h a':wifrm0if;>

p dw fx J wrs d K ; ju D ; _zp fonf ? p dw fv S Ky f@ S m ;r S Ktus d K ;quftae_zi f h

apmufacgif;ayguftwGif;om;EkEkawG vSKyf@Sm;oGm;ju7m apmufywfxJ

282

xdk;oGif;xm;avaom7efyd ki fp d k ;>vD;acsmif;juD;ud k !SpfI!SpfIqGJovdk

_zpfoGm;onf? 7efyd ki fp d k ;a7m a':wifrm0if;a7m ESpfa<mufvH k;juufoD;

awGxukefjuonf? a':wifrm0if;rSm 7efyd ki fp d k ;>udk<fay:rSwufcGv#uf

@S d _y D; tom;ta7uvnf; 0if;0g_zLEkacsmrGwfaeav7m juufoD;zkav;

rsm;xoGm;onfudk odef;atmifausmfESifhrusif[kefwdkh aumif;pGm_rif7avonf?

zif_zJcH7rSKajumif h onfvdkjuufoD;xoGm;onf[kom olwdk hxifjuonf?

Þ vky fav- -q7mrzi f0r Sm zi fvd k ;q D!Sp fxnf hay;av?

bmajumifjunfhaewmvJ ß

odef;atmifausmfu a':wifrm0if;>zif0ud k tyDqG J _z Jay;xm;_yD;

aom fvnf; rusi f[ke fr Sm ai;ajumi fajumi fE Si f h7y faeaomajumi f h

cyfqwfqwfa_ymvd kufonf? xd ktcgwGifr Srusif[kefvnf; 7ifwckefc ke f |

r sufE Smcyfy ly lE Si f hyi f _y Jtm_yL;xGufaeaoma':wifrm0if ;>ptd k0wGi f

au0d ki f~s<fvDrsm; !Spfxnfhay;vd kuf7@Smavonf?

onfudpPrs dK; <ckrSpwifvkyfzl;_yD; @SufajumufvufwGef hae@Smav

aomajumifh tcsdeftqrrSef? tqDyspfyspfcÈJcÈJrsm;onf zifaygufwnfhwnfh

ay:odk hrus? zifayguftay:em;odk h usa7mufonf? _yD;rSatmufodk hpD;usum

zif0ay:a7mufonf? odef;atmifausmfu tvdkufodpGm zifom;_crf;juD;

ESpf_crf;ud kud ki fvSKyfvSnf hay;I qDrsm;zifaygufxJ tawmfrsm;rsm;pD;qif;

0i fonf? tcs d K hatmufod k hqufp D ;usum apmufywfwGi fwpfvpfjuD;

283

_zpfaeaom 7efyd ki fp d k ;>vD;ay:od k hyif a7mufukefonf?

ß a[haumif- -zifcs7if _ref_refcsuGm? ig hr SmzDvifwufaewkef;

7yfxm;7wm qyfwiH hi H hjuD;uG- - ß

7efyd ki fp d k ;u rcsif hr7Ja_ymonf?

Þ [kwfom;yJ- -vm- -vdk;r<fqd k7if _ref_refwufvd k;- - ß

a':wifrm0if;uvnf; aemufod k hacgif;i J hIa_ymonf? olronf

7efyd ki fp d k ;tay: wufcGzdjudwfvd k;aeum zDvifwufI Ø_yD;×vkvkta_cyif

q d ku faeonf? xd k a jumi f h 7rufaZmi<fx dy fo d h k a7mufaeav7m

t@SuftajumufawGab;cs dwfI ESKwf7J7 JE Si f ha_ym0H honf? onfpum;

rsm;udkem;axmifae7aomrusif[kefrSmom rsufESmawGylxl@S def;Iae@Smonf?

Þ zif0rSm qDqGwfaevd k hyg? tckyJ vd k;_yD- - ß

ode f ;atmifausm fu a_yma_ymqd kqd k q7mra':wifrm0if ;>

zifjuD;aemufodk hwdk;uyfonf? qDokwfxm;aomptdk0wGif qDokwfxm;onfh

ol hvD;acsmif;juD;ud kawhonf? ESpfa<mufxdkifqd kzgay:wGif wufvdk;7_cif;

_zpfaomajumifh taetxm;<l7wm enf;enf;awmhuoduatmuf_zpfonf?

' gayr<f h ode f ;atmi fausm fu vD;ud kzi f0wGi f7atmi fawhE d li fonf?

284

vD;awhrdonfESi f h a':wifrm0if;>wifjuD;onf aumhjuGwufvmonf?

Þ zifud k enf;enf;avmufaumhay;av- - ß

v D ;aw h7i f ; o de f ; atmi fausm fua_ymonf ? wu<fawm h

xd kpum;a_ymvd kufonf htcs de fr Smyif a':wifrm0if;>zifjuD;aumhwuf

vmavonf?

Þ aumhxm;vd kuf_yD;_yD? oGif;rSmomoGif; ß

a':wifrm0if;uvnf; wpfwpfcGcGyif_yefa_ymonf? 7rufaZm

t[ke ft7rf ;xefaecs de fr d k h onfvd knpfnpfnrf;nrf ;a_ymae7wmud kyi f

t7omawGhaeonf? t7om@S daeonf?

Þ atmf tif;- -[kwfom;yJ- - ß

odef;atmifausmfu olhvD;acsmif;juD;udk a':wifrm0if;>zifayguf

xJod k hz dum xdk;oGif;vd kufonf? odef;atmifausmf>vD;ESif h q7mra':wif

rm0i f ;>zi fay gufwd k hr S m wpdr f ;awGr[kwfjuyg? a':wi frm0i f ;ud k

odef;atmifausmfu aumif;aumif;zifvd k ;ay;cJ h _y D;_zpfonf? onfvD;ESi f h

onfzifayguf xdawG h7i f ;E S D ;c J hav_yD ; _zp fonf? xd k h _yi f vD;wGi fa7m

zifaygufwGifyg au0d kif~s<fvDawGokwfvdrf;xm;av7m (a':wifrm0if;>

285

zi fay gu fw Gi f qDy d kIr sm ;aey gonf ? ) z dx d k ;o Gi f ;aomtcgv D ;onf

av#mueJptd kxJ wd k;0ifonf? a':wifrm0if;rSm ememjuifjuif_zpfoGm;

ao;aomfvnf; zDvifaumif;umt7omawGhvSaomajumifh xdkemjuifrSKudk

ta7;rvkyfE d li fawmhyg?

Þ tm;- -uÈwfuÈwf- -[if; emw<fuGm td ktd k ß

yg;pyfrSonfr#avmufom a7@Gwf_rnfwrf;onf? rsufESmuawmh

@S H K hr J hr J hav;_zpfoGm;onf? _znf;_znf;oGif;7ef bmnmawGyifa_ymraeawmh?

atmufbufrS7efydkifpdk;tae_zifh a':wifrm0if;>zifaygufxJ odef;atmifausmf

vD;xd k ;oGif;wmudk wd kuf@k dufr_rif7ay? olhud k<fay:cGv#ufom;@S daeaom

a':wifrm0if;>ud k<fvH k ;juD; qwfueJwGe f hoGm;rS K | rsufESmav;rJ hum

yg;py fr SnD ;!la7@Gwfvd kufr S Kwd k hud kaxmufI zifxJvD;xd k ;oGi f ;vd kuf _y D

_zpfajumif; txmaygufem;vnfonf?

xdkajumifh7efyd kifpd k;u atmufrSaeIzifudkjuGum vD;acsmif;juD;udk

aumhxd k ;wifay;vd kufonf? vD;onf apmufz kwfxJtm;_yi f ; _yi f ;E Si f h

eif hueJaeatmif wd;0ifonf? vD;ud katmufrSaumhxd k ;yif hoGi f;vd kufrS K

t@Sdefajumifh tay:wGifcGv#ufom;@Sdaeaom a':wifrm0if;>tdtdxGm;xGm;

zifqHk00juD;vnf; tay:odk ha_rmufjuGwufonf? xdktcg tay:qHk;rSaeI

zifxJvD;xdk;oGif;aeaom odef;atmifausmfqDodk h wifjuD;aumhwGef;ay;ovdk

_zpfonf? w0ufomomcef hom xdk;oGif;7avaomvD;acsmif;juD;rSm

286

ptd kxJod k h tqHk;wd ki fwd k ;0ifoGm;avawmhonf?

Þ atmifr<fav; av;- -tD;tD;- -tm;- - ß

a':wifrm0if;wudk<fvHk; wkefIoGm;onf? apmufywfxJwGifa7m

zi fay gu fx Jw Gi fy g vD ;E Sp fac smi f ;tqH k ;w d k i ftoGi f ;c Hv d ku f7r S Ku

7ufa7mvGef;vSonf? xdrdvGe f ;vSonf? apmapmu 7efyd ki fp d k ;tay:

wufcGum zdjudwfvd k;xm;onfht@S de fuvnf;@S daeav7m a':wifrm0if;

wa<muf wcsD Ø_yD;× IoGm;7avawmhonf? <cifu Ø_yD;×c J h7rS KawG

E Si f hrwl? zifaygufxJwGi fa7m apmufywfxJwGi fy g tDp dr f haeatmif

xl;xl; _cm; _cm;juD; _y D ;7r S K _zp fonf? a':wifrm0i f ; atmif htnf;Iyif

raeEd li f? yg;pyfrSyGi f htHum atmf[pfvd kufrdavonf? acgif;aumhum

zifjuD;<rf;cgvSKyf@ Sm;onf? zifacgif;ua7m apmufacgif;uyg wdk;0if

aeonfhvD;ESpfacsmif;ud k tm;7yg;7!Spf<lonf?

qdkzgab;em;wGif7yfae7avaomrusif[kefrSm onf_zpf7yfawGud k

t_ynf htpH k tyDt_yif_rif7onf? olronf rnfolur# txdtudki f

rcH7ygyJESi f h zDvifawGwufvmonf? tzkwfxJuyif t7nfawGpd kum

pD;tHusvmonf? 0wfxm;aomtwGif;cHabmif;bDcGjum; pd kpd kp dpd_zpfonf?

Þ usifusifa7- -apmapmu igwdk hjunfhcJ h7wJh aemufqHk;_yuGuf

awGud k _yef7pf_yD; _yvd kufprf;yg[m? q7mrudk igeJ hud k7 J0 d ki f ;!Syfvd k ;7if;

287

tJ'D_yuGufawGud kjunhf7if t_ywfrd kufvdrf hr<f- - ß

odef;atmifausmfu rusif[kefud k vSrf;a_ymonf?

Þ [kwfuJ h- -[kwfuJ h- - ß

rusi f[ke fonf uAsmu7ma_ym7i f ; 7Dr kwfuGe fx@k d ;r sm; _zi f h

tay:pufatmufpufwd k hud kz Gi f hum odef;atmifausmfa_ymonfh_yuGufrsm;

a7mufatmif tacGud k _ye f7pfI_yay;7onf? xd k _yuGufrsm;ud kcs de fum

a@G;cs<f7pfay;7rS Ku rusif[ke ftzd k h wrs d K ;p dwfvSKy f@ Sm;7aomtvkyf

_zpfonf?

@ ky f _ri fo H jum;ze fom; _yi fay:wGi f tm@ Sw d ku fo lZmwfvd ku f

aumifrav;udk Zmwfvd kufbd kjuD;ESpfa<mufu 7uf7ufa7ma7m!Syfum

vdk;aeyH kawGu txif;om;ay:vGifvSKyf@Sm;vmcs de fwGif odef;atmifausmf

uvnf; apmufywfxJvD ;wpfvpf@ S daeaom a':wifrm0i f ;>zi fud k

y<fy<fe<fe<fyifvdk;avawmhonf? aqmfavawmhonf? cyfjurf;jurf;

aqmif havawmhonf?

@kyf_rifoHjum;pufonf olwdk hESpfa<mufvdk;aejuaomESpfa<muf

xd ki fqd kzgcke fjuD;> a@S hwnfhwnfhwGif@ S donf? olwd k honf qdkzgay:wGif

b<frSnm tvsm;vd kufwufum vdk;aeaqmfaejuonf? xdkajumif h

288

oH k ;a<mufvH k ;>acgi f ;ud ki J hapmi f ;junf hv#i f @ ky f _ri foHjum;pufay:r S

_yuGi f ;r sm;ud k aumi f ;aumi f ; _ri fE d li fonf? tay:r Sc Gvd k ;aejuaom

ode f ;atmi fausm fE Si f ha':wi frm0i f ;wd k hu junf hvd k hy d ktqifa_yonf?

atmufqH k ;wGif@ S daeaom 7efyd ki fp d k ;uawmh tqifra_yvS? 'gayr<fh

junfhvd k hawmh _rifEd li fonf?

oH k ;a<mufvH k;vnf; @kyf_rifoHjum;pufbufod k h vSrf;Ijunfhr d

juonf? Zmwfvd kufaumifrav;>zifESi f hapmufywfwd k hud k y<fy<f

e<fe<f!Sy fv d k ; _yaey H k _yuGi f ;r sm ;u olwd k hu d kp dw fv S Ky f@ S m ;aponf?

txl;o_zif h olwd k hud k<fwd ki f xd k _yuGif;xJuvdk vufawGhvd k ;aqmfaeju

7rSKuvnf; yd kIyD_yifzDvifwufvm7onf?

wcs D Ø_yD;× cJ hI tenf;i<favsmhusovdk@S daoma':wifrm0if;>

7rufaZmt[kefwd k honf wpfqwdk;um _yefvnfEd k ;juGxef_yif;vmonf?

Þ bGyfAspfbkbk- -bGyfbGyfbGyf- - ß

Þ tm;- -aumif;vd kufwm? vdk;ju aqmfju? wdk hud k tm;remeJ h

rif;wd k hq7mrqdkwm arhxm;ypfvd kuf? tyDomvd k;- -aqmif h- -aqmif h

E d k hawGud kvnf; qGJjuygtkef;- - ß

t7rf;a[mhaeaom a':wifrm0if;onf tmomirf;irf;a_ymvm

289

_yefonf? _yuGif;ay:rS Zmwfvdkufaumifrav;ukdtwk<lum wifjuD;ud k

aemufod k haumhay;vd kufonf? tzkwfud katmufod k hz dcsvd kufvkyfonf?

aumifav;ESpfa<mufrSm apmufywfESifhzifaygufxJ vD;awGxdk;oGif;

um tyDaqmi f haeju7m a':wifrm0i f ;uxd kod k hx kwfa_ymvmawmh

ESpfa<mufvHk;yif Ed k hrsm;ud kvSrf;qG Jjuonf? atmufbufwGif a':wifrm

0i f ;E Si f hr sufE Smcsi f ;qd ki fvd k@ S daeaom 7efy d ki fp d k ;u t7ifvufO D ;onf?

E d k ht H k ju D ;r s m ;u d k t7i fq ky fu d k i fr donf ? ode f ;atmi fausm fuawm h

tenf ;i<fwH k h aE S ;onf? a':wi frm0i f ;>cs d Ki f ;atmufr Svufv# d Kum

vSrf;qG Jvd kufawmh a':wifrm0if;>Ed k htH krsm;ay:wGif 7efyd ki fp d k ;>vufawG

a7muf@S dqkyfud ki fvd k haeyg_yD?

xd ktcgodef;atmifausmfonf olhvufud k _yef@ ky fodrf;vd kufonf?

Þ usi fusi f- -' Dem;vm_y D ; E d k hv Se fay;pr f ; ? ei f htqufu

q7mrEd k hud kqG Jaeawmh iguvnf; eif hE d k hud ky J oH k;awmhr<f- - ß

ode f ;atmifausm fonf ol hvufcky fxJua7t_zpf tyd ki fud ki fr d

xm;aom aumifrav;ud k apcd ki f;vd kufonf?

rusif[kefr Sm 7efyd ki fp d k ;E Si f hodef;atmifausmfvd k ;wmudk cHzl;cJ h _y D;

290

_zpfaomfvnf; toufui<f| umrtawGhtjuHKuvnf;enf;ao;onfrd k h

<ckvd k Ed k htqGJc H7zd k hvSefay;7rnfqd kaomtcg rsufESmav;id kr J hr J h _zpfoGm;

7onf?

od k haomf olrc_rm odef;atmifausmfud kvnf; rvSef7Jawmhonfrd k h

c d ki f;onfhtwdkif; vkyf7@Smonf? tay:rS0wfxm;aombavmufpftuFs D>

7ifbwfus<foD;rsm;udk _zKwfzGif h7onf? a@S;@k d;qefqef pnf;urf;juD;juD;

t ky fx de f ;c H7onf hr de f ;uav;r d k h b7mp D<mawGbmawGrpnf ;aE Smi fy J

ZmabmfvDvH kvH kvJvJ0wfxm;7m abmfvDod ki f;judK;rsm;ud k vufarmif;7if;

em;a7mufatmi f qG Jc sv#uf | abmfvD7i fbH kud k atmufod k hv Se fc sI

Ed k hrsm;ud kaz:ay;7onf?

Þ Edk hvSefwmuvJ jumvdkufwm? _ref_refvkyfprf;yg[? ig Edk hawGudk

qG JcsifvS_yD- - ß

a':wifrm0if;udkzifaqmfay;ae7if; odef;atmifausmfu avmaqmf

onf? bavmufpftuFs Dus<foD;ud k _zKwf7| abmfvDycke f ;od ki f ;judK;ud k

qG Jcs7ESi f hr d k h rusif[kefr Sm tcs de fawmh enf;enf;<l7onf? abmfvD

7ifbH kud kvSe fcsvd kufawmh Ed kxGwfaom7ifom;qd ki frsm; ay:vmonf?

rusi f[ k e fon f a' :wi frm0i f ;v d k E d k h ju D ; ju D ; r[ kw faom fvn f ;

tawmfawmhql_z d K ;onf?

toufi<fao;onf hw d ki f 7e fy d k i fp d k ;E Si f ho de f ;atmi fausm fw d k h

291

vdk;xm;| Ed k hqG Jxm;_yD;_yDrd k h Ed k hawGu xGm;aeonf? odef;atmifausmfonf

rusi f[ke f>E d k hr sm ;ud k vSr f ;ud ki fz sp f!Sp f7i f ; a':wifrm0i f ;>zi fud k

wtm;aqmif hvd k ;aeonf? rde f ;rwa<mufud kzifaqmf7if; t_cm;rde f ;r

wa<muf>Ed k hud kud ki foH k ;ae7onfuvnf; odef;atmifausmftzd k h wrs d K;

pdwfvSKyf@Sm;zDvifwufp7m_zpfonf? pdwfxvmonfESif htwl odef;atmif

ausm f>zi faqmi f hv d k ;c sufr sm ;uvnf; y d ktm; _ynf h _yi f ;xe fvmonf?

a':wifrm0if;rSm zif0usde f;pyfovdk tDpdrf hIt7omvnf;awGhaeonf?

atmufrS7efyd kifpd k;uvnf; a':wifrm0if;>juD;rm;vHk;0ef;avaom

Ed k htH k juD;E Sp fvH k ;ud k pH kud ki fqG JI vD;juD;ud kaumhaumh fxd k ;wifay;onf?

zifaygufESi f hapmufacgif;aygufwd k hqd kwm odyfra0;juyJ wckESi fwckjum;

w Gi fvnf ; E l ;t daomtom;r #i f cy fy g ;y g ;av;om_cm ;em ;xm;av7m

zi fxJwGi fo Gi f ;xm;aomvD ;ac smi f ; juD ;E Si f h apmufywfud kv d k ;aeaom

vD;acsmif;juD;wd k hu tom;r#ifyg;yg;ud k yd kIyg;odyfoGm;atmif_yKxm;_yef7m

vD;ESpfacsmif;onf wckESi f hwckxdrdaejuonfESif hr_cm;ay?

x d ko d k hx d aw G h a er S Ku d k zi fv d k ; a eo lo d e f ; atmi f au s m f a7m |

apmufywfud kvd k ;aeaol7efyd ki fp d k ;yg od@S dc Hpm;7onf? olwd k homr[kwf?

tv<facgifrS!Syftvdk;cHaeol a':wifrm0if;onfvnf; aumifav;rsm;

enf;wl cHpm;7onf?

a':wifrm0if;tzd k h b<fvd k _zpfaerSe f;ud kyif ra_ymwwfawmh?

292

wcsD_yD;wcsD qufwdkufyif Ø_yD;× aeavonf? aumifav;ESpfa<mufonf

tm;aumif;armif;oefESif h w7jurf;vdk;aeju7m aemufqHk;wGif apmufywf

vd k;aeaomvD;a7m| zifaqmfaeonfhvD;yg okwf7nfawGyef;xGufukefju

avawmhonf? judKwifZmwfwd kufxm;_cif;r@S dygyJESi f h vD;ESpfacsmif;onf

okwf7nf_yd Ki fwlxGufukefjuonf? a':wifrm0if;rSm zifacgif;aygufxJ

wGifa7m| apmufywfxJwGifyg ylaEG;yspfcÈ Jaomokwf7nfawGyef;xnfh_cif;

cH7um t7omt7rf;awG hv#uf q<fjudrfa_rmuf Ø_yD;× oGm;cJ havonf?

vd k;yG Jc^em;um pwm;ud kvmtcs d K7nf| pyspfoD;| iSufaysmoD;

juufOylwif;rsm;pm;I acwWtarma_zjuonf? xdkaemuf umraysmfyG J

wpcef;qufju_yefonf?

Þ 'Dwcgawmh trsd K;orD;ESpfa<mufud k tvSnfhay;_yD; rif;eJ higu

tomyG Jxd ki fjunfhju7atmif- - ß

odef;atmifausmfu 7efyd ki fp d k ;ud ka_ymonf?

Þ at;- -aumif;w<f? olwd k hud k bmvkyfcd ki f ;rvJ ß

o de f ;atmi fausm fu d k q7mwi fxm;avol7e fy d k i f p d k ;uvnf ;

csufcsif;yif oabmwlonf?

olwd k hc d ki f ;ovd kvky fI _yKor#E k7rnf htrs d K ;or D ;E Sp fO D ;uawmh

293

bmr#ra_ymEd li fyg? acgif;rsm;iH k hIom aejuavonf?

<cktcgwGif q7mra':wifrm0if;rSm 0wfvpfpvpfud k<fvH k;wD;

juD;_zpfv#uf rusif[kefuawmh tay:yd ki f;wGif ZmabmfvDom@S daeonf?

bavmufpfud kawmh cÈwfcsxm;vd kuf7_yD_zpfonf? tem;<lpm;aomuf

juonf htcgwGi f 7e fy d ki fp d k ;E Si f hode f ;atmifausm fwd k hu abmif ;bDawG

_yefr0wfjuawmhovd k a':wifrm0if;ud kvnf; t0wfawG_yef0wfcGi f h

ray;yJ ud k<fwH k;vH k ;juD;omtaecd ki f;xm;onf?

Þ udki f;- -q7mreJ husifusif? tvkyf_yefpju7atmifvm; ß

o d e f ; atmi f au s m fu ac gi f ; av;aw Gi H k hv #u fom ;@ S d a eaom

trs d K ;or D ;E Sp fa<mufud kv Sr f ;a _ymonf? olwd k htem;<lvd ku fc s de fw Gi f

p dwfawG_yef_i dr fum yH kr Se ftaetxm;@S dae_yDr d k h q7mra':wifrm0if;ESi f h

rusi f[ ke fw d k h r S m @ Su fpE d k ; _ zp f ae juonf ? r su fE S my l ae juonf ?

ode f ;atmifausm fvSr f ;a_ymvd kufawmh ESp fa<mufom; acgi f ;i H k hae7mrS

armfjunfhju7onf?

Þ bm- -bm- -vkyftkef;rvd k hvJ [if ß

a':wifrm0if;u toHwkefwkef7if7ifESi f har;onf?

ausmi f ;q7mrav;c _rm wynf h ausmi f ;om ;E S p f a<mu f>

294

tvdk;c Hr de f ;rb0od k ha7mufum olwd k hud kyif _yefIajumufvef hemcHae7

@Smav_yD?

Þ taxGtxl;awmh r[kwfygbl;Asm? q7mreJ husifusif- -

tcspfyvl;_yjuzd k hygyJ ß

odef;atmifausmfu pyf_zJ_z JESi f ha_ymonf?

Þ [if- -b<fvd kjuD;vJ? vkyfwwfygbl;uG<f ß

onfvd kr de f ;rcsif; tcspfyvl;rS Krs d K ;ud k em;vnf;rvnf? odvnf;

rodaomajumif h a':wifrm0if;ua_ymonf?

Þ vG<fy gw<fA sm? t7i fqH k ; _ywJ hA D' D< d ktac Gx Juvd kay g h ?

wa<mufud kwa<muf ayG hzuf? yg;pyfpkyf yg;erf;? Ed k hawGbmawGud ki f

zifawGaygifawGyGwfvkyf_yD; aemufqHk; tzkwfayghAsm? wa<mufapmufywf

wa<muf7ufay;|pkyfay;wav;awGxnfhay;7if yd k _r d Ki fwmayg h- - ß

odef;atmifausmfa_ymonfhpum;rsm;ud k em;axmif7if; trsd K;orD;

ESp fa<muf rsufESmawG7JueJ_zpfonf? acgif;rsm;vnf; _yefi H k haeonf?

Þ ud ki f;- -oGm;? [kd; apmapmu q7mrudk zife J hapmufywf

295

0d ki f;!Syfvd k ;c J hjuwJhqd kzgay:rSmyJ wufvkyfju_y- - ß

odef;atmifausmfu trsdK;orD;ESpfa<mufudk a_ymvdkufavonf?

Þ tJ'Dvd krs d K ;juD;awmh raumif;ygbl;odef;atmifausmf7<f- -

rvkyfcd ki f ;yge J h- - ß

a':wifrm0if;u awmif;yef@Smonf?

rusif[kefr Smvnf; id kawmhrvd kvd k id kr J hr J hav;_zpfae@Smonf?

Þ pum;rsm;raeygeJ h q7mr7m- - ? vkyfrSmom vkyfprf;yg?

vkyfjunfh_yD;7if 'grs d K ;ud kjudKufoGm;vd k h q7mreJ husifusif cs de f;awG h _yD;

yvl;aejurSm _rifa<mifao;w<f? oGm;av? qdkzgay:ud k- - ß

odef;atmifausmfonf yg;pyfuvnf;a_ym| trs d K;orD;ESp fa<muf

>vufarmif;rsm;ud k b<fnmvufESpfzuf_zif hqG JI qdkzgqDod k hac:oGm;

onf? a':wifrm0if;ESi f hrusif[kefwd k hr Sm odef;atmifausmfvkyfcd ki f ;onfh

tvky fud k rvky fvd kaomfvnf; tajumuftuefr_ii f ;qefE d li f juyg?

odef;atmifausmfqG Jac:7maemufod k h ygoGm;ju7@Smavonf? odef;atmif

ausmfu trsd K;orD;ESp fa<mufud k qd kzgay:wGif ab;csif<SOfv#ufom;

xd ki foGm;7atmif wifay;vd kufonf? qd kzgjuD;onf ESpfa<mufxd ki f

296

qd k aom fvn f ; v lav;i g ; a<mu f aumi f ; aumi f ;x d k i f E d l i f ay7m

qd kzgay:<SOfxd ki fr daomfvnf; a':wifrm0if;ESi f hrusif[kefwd k hE Sp fa<muf

yl;yl;uyfuyfawmh @S draejuao;yg?

rdef;rESpfa<mufrSm qdkzgay:wGif<SOfv#ufom;xdkifrdjuaomfvnf;

bmvkyfju7rnfud krodyJ acgif;awGud komiH k hIxm;juonf?

onfudpPwGif a':wifrm0if;wdkhtxmrus? em;rvnfjuao;ajumif;

7dyfr donfhtwGuf odef;atmifausmfuyif q7mjuD;vkyfum oGefoif

avawmhonf?

Þ ud ki f ;- -t7ifqH k ;pwJ htaeeJ h usifusif hud k<fay:ut0wf

awGud k tukefa_ymifpifoGm;atmif cÈwfay;vk dufygq7mr- - ß

odef;atmifausmfu avoHat;at;ESif ha_ymvd kufonf? _yD;awmh

wa<mufxd ki fqd kzgxd ki fc ke fay:wGif tusteoGm;xd ki fum a':wifrm0if;

wd k hud kjunfh@S Konf?

a':wifrm0if;rSm usifusif>ZmabmfvDud k t7ifcÈwf7rvm;?

xrDud kyJ OD;pGma_zcs7rvm;qdkwm a0cG Jr7yJ vufw_yif_yifESif h@ S daeonf?

rusif[kefuawmh acgif;ud kwGifwGifomiH k hIxm;avonf?

Þ ZmabmfvDud k t7ifpcÈwf- - ß

297

xdki fjunfhaeaomodef;atmifausmfu tjuHay;a_ymjum;vd kuf

onf?

a':wifrm0if;onf tvkwftES dy fc H7aompuf@kyfw@kyfvd k tom

vufvSrf;_yD; rusif[kef0wfxm;aomZmabmfvD>aemufausmcs dwfrsm;ud k

pwif_zKwfonf? ZmabmfvDwGi f aemufausmcs dwfa_cmufc kyg@ S donf?

a':wifrm0if ;onf xd kcs dwfrsm;ud k wck_y D ;wck_zKwfonf? cs dwfwck

_yKwfoGm;wd ki f; rusif[kefwudk<fvH k; qwfueJwkefonf? 7ifxJ 'def;ueJ

cke fonf? a':wifrm0if;vnf; rusif[kefenf;wl 7ifcke foGm;7onf?

csdwfrsm;tm;vHk;_yKwfoGm;_yD;aomtcg a':wifrm0if;u rusif[kef>

ZmabmfvDud kcÈwf<lum qdkzgaemufrDay:wGifwifvd kufonf? [if;vif;

_zpfoGm;aom7ifom;qd ki frsm;tay: rusif[kefu vuf0g;av;ESp fbuf

<SufIumxm;vdkufonf? vHkawmhrvHkyg? rvHkrSef;vnf; rusif[kefodonf?

rde f;robm0 @Sufajumufpdwf_zif h vkyfrd _cif;_zpfonf?

Þ xrDud k qufcÈwfavq7mr- - ß

Tpum;onf 7efyd ki fp d k ;u a_ymvd kuf_cif;_zpfonf? olvnf;

junf h7i f ; p dwfxJr@ k d ;r@ G _zp fvmav7m ode f ;atmi fausm fu d kw kum

q7m0ifvkyfonf?

298

Þ xrDtcÈwf7vG<fatmif usi fusi fu rwfwwfx7yfay;

vd kufygvm;- - ß

odef;atmifausmfu 0ifI_znfhp Gufay;vd kufonf?

rusif[kefonf rsufESmylyl | @Suf@SufESi f hyif xd ki fae7mrS tom

rwfwwfx7yfonf? a':wifrm0if;u wynfhrav;>xrDtxufqifud k

ud ki fumqG J _z Kwfvd kufonf? cg;wGi fpnf;!Sy fxm;aom txufqifp

_yKwfoGm;onfESi f h xrDrSmvnf; atmufod k hav#musoGm;onf?

Þ ri f ; 0i fa_ymvd kufwm rd kufw<fuGm? xd ki f7ufjuD;qd k

xr D wcgwnf;a_yav#musoGm;r Smr[kwfbl ; ? tckawmh av#mqd k

uGif;vH k ;yH kuÈwfusoGm;wmyJ ß

7efydkifpd k;u twGif;cHabmif;bDav;omusefawmhaom rdrd7nf;pm;udk

p l;p l;7J7Jjunfh7if; tHjudwfuma_ymvd kufonf?

rusif[kef0wfxm;aomtwGif;cHabmif;bDrSm <ckacwfrde f;rawG

0wfaom yg;yg;aysmhaysmhE d li fvGefyifwDr[kwf? a@S;acwfa[mif;trs d K ;orD;

juD;rsm;0wfaom xlxlxJxJqyfpyd kif'gtjuD;pm;_zpfonf? csufem;avmuf

qDrSaeI aygif7if;yd ki f;atmufxd vHkvH k _c H K _c H Kz H k ;tkyfxm;onf? ta7mifu

299

t_zLa7mif? qyfpyd ki f'gaygi fc GqH kae7mwGifr l tzkwfjuD;r d k hazgi f ;z kxpf

xaeonfud kom _rifEd li fonf? xd kae7mwGif t7nfawGuvnf; pd kae

ao;onf?

Þ rif;aqmfu tzkwfazgif;@G_yD; t7nfawGvnf;t_ywfxGuf

aeygvm;uG- - ß

odef;atmifausmfu rusif[kef>qyfpyd kif'gcGjum;rSxl;_cm;csufudk

_rifrdum cyfaomaomav;rSwfcsufcsonf? rusif[kefrSm uref;uwef;yif

abmif;bDcGjum;ae7mud k vuf0g;ESpfbuf<SufI tkyfumvdkufrdonf?

xd ktcg tay:yd ki f ;E d k htH kE Sp fc k txif;om;ay:oGm;onf? @Sufajumuf

aeaomfvnf; 7rufaZmuxefaeonfrd k h rusif[ke f>Ed k hoD ;acgi f ;rsm;

pljuGaxmifwufaeygonf?

Þ q7mrud k ri f ;e J h i g0 d k i f ;! Sy fz d ku f juwmawGu d k junf h _y D ;

olvnf; zDvifwufaerSmayg huGm- - ß

7efyd ki fp d k ;u rSwfcsufcsonf?

Þ eif htqufa_ymwm [kwfvm;usifusif ß

odef;atmifausmfu rusif[kefud k vSrf;ar;onf?

300

Þ [if htif;- -[if htif;- -r- -rodygbl; ß

rusif[kefu acgif;i H k hxm;7if;a_ymonf?

xd ktcs de fr Smyif q7mra':wifrm0if;u rusif[ke f>twGif;c H

qy fpy d k i f ' gu d k tomqG JIc Èw fc sonf? rusi f[ ke f>ud k< fay:wGi f

t0wftpm;qd kI qyfpyd ki f'gomusef@ S daeawmhay7m a':wifrm0if;ud k

b<ft0wfud kcÈwf7rnf[k a_ymay;p7mrvdkawmhyg? twGif;cHabmif;bD

cÈwfcsvm_yDrd k h rusif[kefvnf; abmif;bDcGjum;wGiftkyfumxm;aom

vufud k zif<fay;vd kuf7onf? @Sr f;w@kwfrav;vnf; ud k<fvH k ;wD;

_zpfoGm;av_yD?

Þ zuf_yD; erf;ju- - ß

7efyd ki fp d k ;u a_ymonf?

a':wi frm0i f ;onf rusi f[ ke fu d k o d k i f ;Izufv d ku fonf ?

rusif[kefrSm tpydkif;wGif cyfawmifhawmifh_zpfIaeonf? a':wifrm0if;u

qG Jac:<l7onf? ud k<fvH k ;wD ; _zp faeaom trs d K ;orD ;E Sp fa<muf |

wa<mufud kwa<mufayG hzufv#uf qdkzgcke fwGif xd ki fv#ufom;_zpfoGm;

juonf? a':wi frm0i f ;u rusi f[ ke f>b<fbufy g ; _yi fav;u d k

301

@$wfueJ erf;vd kufonf?

Þ td k- - ß

rusif[kef>ES kwfzsm;rS a<mifnnf;oHav;ay:xGufonf?

a<mufsm;E Sp fa<mufvd k ;wm cHz l ; _y D ; _zpfaomaumifrav;onf

r de f ;rc si f ;ter f ;c H7r S Kajumi f h 7i ftawmfz d karmIvS Ky f@ Sm ;oGm ;7onf?

a':wifrm0i f ;tzd k hvnf; q<fausm fouft@G<f E kxGm;wpf7p faom

csmwdwfrav;> 0wfvpfpvpfudk<fvHk;udkayG hzufum yg;erf;vdkuf7rSKonf

tawmfud kxl;_cm;aomtvkyf_zpfonf?

onfvd kr s d K ;vky f7vdr f hrnf[kvnf; a':wifrm0i f ;rxifr dc J hy g ?

rusif[kefud k yd kIwif;wif;juyfjuyfzufonf? cyfawmif hawmif h _zpfae

aomrusif[kef>udk<frSmvnf; aysmhaysmhEG J hE G J h _zpfonf? ESpfa<mufom;

7ifom;csi f ;tyfr d7m vH k ;tdjuD;xGm;aom a':wifrm0if;>7ifom;qd ki f

juD;rsm;onf rusif[kef>EkxGwfwif;rmaom Ed k htH kvH k ;vH k ;uspfuspfav;

rsm;tay: yH k hy H k h juD;xdr daeavonf? wa<muf>7if' de f ;' de f ;c ke foHud k

usefwa<mufu jum;7onf?

a':wifrm0if;onf rusif[ke f>ESKwfcrf;azG;azG;av;rsm;ay:od k h

r dr dE S Kwfcrf;ud kz duyfum tomr#i f ;Ipky f<lvd kufonf? rusif[ke fa7m

302

a':wifrm0if;rSm rsufawmifawG;arS;pif;usonf? rusif[kef>yg;pyfav;

r[w[y Gi f hvmon f ? a' :wi f rm0i f ;u r[w[y Gi f ho G m ; aom

rusi f[ke f>yg;py fxJod k h r dr d@ Smud kxd k ;oGi f ;onf? rusi f[ke fuvnf;

@ SmE Si f h _ye fxd k ;uvdonf? rusi f[ke fr Sm toufi<fao;aom fvnf;

onfvd kp ky ferf;r S Kud kawmh uÈrf;usifwwfa_rmufaeonf? rusif[kef>

oG<fay smi f ;aomvufuav;rsm ;onf a':wi frm0i f ;>ausm_yi fu d k

odkif;zufvmonf? a':wifrm0if;uawmh rusif[kef>cg;udk b<fvuf_zifh

od ki f ;zufxm;_y D ; nmvufuawmh aumifrav;>wifyg ;ud k tom

udki fy Gwfaeonf?

olwdk hESpfa<mufonf a<musfm;rsm;ESif h tayGhtzuf| tpkyfterf;

wd k hud k aumif;aumif;c Hz l ;xm;juolrsm;_zpfonf? 'gayr<f h <ckvd k

r de f ;rc si f ;ay G hzufer f ;p ky f7wmu wrs d K ;wbmomxl ; _cm;Iaeygonf?

a<mufsm;rsm;>txdtawGhu 7ifzd karmzG<f7m@S dovdk rde f;rcsif;xdawGh

7onfu tom;qd ki frsm;yd ktdaxG;um wenf;pdwfvSKyf@ Sm;aponf?

a':wi frm0i f ;onf rusi f[ ke f>y g ;py fu d k p ky f er f ;ae7mr S

vnfwd ki fajumhajumhqDod k ha_ymif;onf? rusif[kefuvnf; acgif;av;udk

armhay;onf? rusif[ke fonf a':wifrm0if;ud k wif;wif;juyfjuyf

od ki f;zufxm;7mrS vufwbufud ka_zav#mhonf? _yD;awmh xdkvuf_zif h

a':wifrm0i f ;>E d k ht H k juD ;wbufud k vSr f ;ud ki fonf? E d k ho D ;ac gi f ;ud k

303

qGJay;onf?

a':wifrm0if;uawmh vnfwd ki fud kp ky fer f ;ae7mrS atmufod k h

av#mqif;um rusif[kef>nmbufEd k hoD;av;udk pd k honf? vufwbufu

aumifrav;>aygi f7i f ;ud kvSr f ;E S d Ku fum apmufywfud ky Gwfay;onf?

xd ktcs de fr Smyif rusif[kef>usefvufwbufuvnf; a':wifrm0if;>

apmufywfay:od k h a7mufvmonf?

olwd k hE Sp fa<mufonf rde f ;rcsi f ;yvl;r S KtawG htjuH Kr@ S d juyg?

enf;vnf; em;rvnfjuyg? odef;atmifausmfwd k hu twif;tjuyfapcd ki f;

aomajumif hom @Suf@SufajumufajumufESif h rvkyfcsifyJvkyfcJ hju7_cif;

304

_zpfonf? odk haomf aoG;om;obm0uawmh pys d K;rdonfESif h pdwfvSKyf@Sm;

vm7onf? xl;_cm;aomxdawGhrS Krsm;u 7ifckefaponf? odk h _zif h rdrdwd k hud k

ode f;atmifausmfESi f h7efyd ki fp d k ;wd k h ayG hzuferf;pky fud ki fy GwfcJ hr S Krsm;ud k twk

<lum wa<mufud kwa<muf t_yeftvSefvkyfay;aerdjuavonf?

pdwfawGvSKyf@ Sm;Ed k ;juGvm_yDrd k hvnf; tvkyftudki fy d kI7Jwif;vmjuonf?

eS Kwfzsm;rSvnf; w[ifh[if hwtif htif htoHav;rsm; ay:xGufIaeonf?

touf@SLawGvnf; _refvmjuonf?

onf_rifuGif;ud k tyDxd ki fjunfhaejuaom ieJom;ESpfa<muf

rSmvnf; b<frSv#ifaeEd lifjuygrnfenf;? vD;acsmif;juD;awG rwfawmifI

vmjuonf?

Þ zd kufju7atmifuGm- - ß

7efyd ki fp d k ;u odef;atmifausmfud kvSrf;a_ymonf?

Þ b<fvd kz d kufrSmvJuG- - ß

odef;atmifausmfu _yefar;onf?

Þ rif;e J hig aqmfwayGpDqG Jac:_yD; zd kufjuwmayg huGm- - ß

Þ tJ'gu rrd kufygbl;uGm- - ß

305

Þ rif;u b<fvd kz d kufcsifwmvJ- - ß

Þ rif;_zpf_zpf| ig_zpf_zpf aqmfESpfayGe J h wl;bd ki f0rf;zd kufju7if

yd kr d kufwmayg h- - ß

Þ at;- -rqdk;bl;? 'gayr<fh b<folt7ifpzd kufrSmvJ- - ß

Þ 'gav;rsm;uGm? acgif;yef;vSefr Smayg huG- - ß

Þ ta _ymaumi f ; ? ac g i f ; ye f ;v S e f 7atmi f ri f ;q Dr S m

yd kufqHtajuGaph tvG<fwul@S dvd k hvm;- - ß

Þ at;- -[kwfom;yJ? 'gqd k pmtkyfvSefr<fuGm? a[m- -

[dkr Sm? w<fvDzke f;vrf;!$efpmtkyf <lvd kuf- - ß

Þatmf- -at; judKa_ymxm;7tkef;r<f- - ß

7efyd ki fp d k ;u w<fvDzke f;vrf;!$efpmtkyfud kvSrf;<l_yD; a_ymonf?

Þ bmvJ- - ß

Þ [dk- -t7ifpzd kufcGi f h7wJ holu tcsde ftjumjuD;<lxm;wmrs d K;

306

rvkyf7bl;? tcs de fuef howfxm;r<f- - ß

Þ aumif;w<f? em7D0uf owfrSwfuGm- - ß

Þ [m- -rsm;wmayg huG? use fwJ haumi fu vD;awmi f _y D ;

em7D0ufawmif ikwfwkwfxd ki fapmif h7rSmvm;? q<frdepfxm;- - ß

Þ q<frdepfavmufeJ h bmtvkyf_zpfrSmvJ? ß

Þ q<fhig;rdepfxm;uGm- - ß

Þ rdepfESp fq<favmufrS aumif;r<fxifw<f ß

Þ r7bl;? q<fhig;rdepfyJ- - ß

Þ aumi f ; _y D ? ' kw d<vlusawm h em7 D0u fay ;v d ku fr<f ?

olu apmif hae7wm r[kwfvm; ß

Þ at;- -at;? _yD;7if wa<mufwvSnf h q<fhig;rdepfp Dayg h ß

Þ td kau- -udki f; pmtkyfvSefr<f ß

a':wifrm0i f ;E Si f hrusi f[ke fwd k hr Smawmh olwd k hE Sp fa<mufE Si f h

307

wl;bd ki f0rf; aysmfyg;7ef aumifav;ESpfa<muf pmtkyfvSefIvla@G;aeju

rSKud k rod? ud k<f hz DvifESi f hud k<f t7rf;ud k _i dr f hvd k haejuonf? rdef;rcsif;

tcspfyvl;7onfh xl;_cm;aomt7omudk ESpfoufpG JrufpGm rde f;r de f ;r l;r l;

@S daejuonf?

rusif[kefu a':wifrm0if;>nmbufEd k hoD;udkpd k hum apmufywfudk

ud kifyGwfay;aeovdk a':wifrm0if;uvnf; rusif[kef>b<fbufEd k htH kud k

qkyfud ki fy GwfoyfI Ed k hoD;acgif;ud k!Spfay;7if; apmufywfud kE S d Kufaeonf?

rusi f[ ke fu a':wi frm0i f ;>apmufywfu d k vuf0 g ; _zi f ht ky fum

yGwfay;aeaomfvnf; a':wifrm0if;uawmh cyfzdz dyGwf7if; apmufacgif;

aygufxJod k hyif vufcv<fud kxk d ;oGif;vd kufonf?

Þ td k- -wDcs<f7<f- - ß

aumi frav;y g ;py fz sm ;r S a<mi fnnf ;o Hav;ay:xGufonf?

t_yeftvSef@S d7rnfqdkonfhpum;t7 rusif[kefuvnf; a':wifrm0if;>

apmufywfxJod k h olr>nmvuf!S d K ;ud k xd k;oGif;vd kufavonf?

Þ tm;yg;- -[if;- - ß

a':wifrm0if;>yg;pyfr S auseyftm;7pGm _rnfwrf;oHay:vm

onf? rusif[kef>apmufywfxJxd k;oGif;xm;aom rdrd>vufcv<fud k

308

t_idr frxm;y J cyfoGufoGufcyfjurf;jurf; xd k ;oGi f ; _ye fxkwfvky fay;

avonf?

Þ tif h[if h[if h- -td ktd k- -b<fvd kvkyfaewmvJwDcs<f7<f?

tm;yg;yg;- -trav;aemf ß

yóryd ki f ;ar#m fyg?

309

Þ q7mrav;7<f wynfhrav;7<f(5) ß

a':wifrm0if;onf rdrdwudk<fwnf; udk<f htzkwfud k<fuvdum

tmoma_zrSKtawGhtjuHK aumif;aumif;@S dxm;onfrd k h rusif[kefwa<muf

c_rm q7mra':wifrm0i f ;> uÈrf ;usi faomvufacsmi f ;xd k ;uvdr S K |

tzkwfyGwfay;rSKatmufwGif vl;vGef hIaeavonf?

rusi f[ ke fonf a':wi frm0i f ;avmufawm h onfudp Pw Gi f

ruÈrf;usi fyg? od k haomf twk_riftwwfoifqd kovd k a':wifrm0if;

vky fay;aer S Kud ktwk<lum rdr d>vufacsmi f ; _zi f h a':wifrm0i f ;>

apmufywfu d k cy f _re f _re fcy fo Gu fo Gu f xd k ;uvday;aeavonf?

xdk h_yif q7mra':wifrm0if;>Edk htHkjuD;rsm;udkvnf; wtm;yifqkyfe<fonf?

wufjuGaeaom7rufaZmt[ke fajumi f h rusi f[ke f>E d k hu d ki fr S Konf

tawm fav;jur f ;onf ? a':wi frm0i f ;>ju D ;rm ;aomE d k ht H k ju D ;u d k

vufig;acsmi f ; _zi f htky fum tm;7yg;7qG Jz de<f_ci f ; _zp fonf? emawmh

tawmfemonf?

odkaomf a':wifrm0if;rSmvnf; 7rufaZmxef_yif;aecsdef_zpfav7m

onfvd kjurf;jurf;wrf;wrf;vkyfr S kud k cHEd li faeonf? t7omyif awGhae

onf[kqd k7rnf? a':wifrm0if;onf rdrd>apmufywf| zifaygufponf

wd k hud kyif rdrdbmomxdk;uvdtmoma_zzl;onf? a<mufsm;vD;ESi f hvd k ;wm

ud kvnf; cHzl;onf? od k haomf rde f;rwa<muf> tudki ftwG<f| txdk;

310

tES d Kufud kum; <ckrSyxrqHk;tjudrf cHzl;_cif;_zpfonf? xd k h _yif olrud k

ayG hzufud ki fwG<fxd k;e S d Kufaeol[m i<f@G<fEkys d Kaomwynfhrav;_zpfaerSK

uvnf; a':wifrm0if;ud k pdwfyd kvSKyf@ Sm;apygonf?

wbufwGifrl odef;atmifausmfESi f h7efyd ki fp d k ;wd k hu pmtkyfpvSef

juonf? odef;atmifausmfu t7ifqH k;vSef7m pmrsufESm(147)7@S donf?

(7)e Hy gwf _zp f7m tEd li f7z d k h tawmfud ke D ;py faeonf? 7e fy d ki fp d k ;r Sm

tawm f av ; p dw f y su fo G m ;on f ? o lon fv D ;t _ yw f awm i fu m

vd k;csi fp dwfvnf; txl;xufoefaeonf? _yD;awmh7efyd ki fp d k ;onf umr

311

qufqHrS KtawG htjuHKwGi f ode f ;atmifausm favmufrrsm;onf htwGuf

ode f ;atmi fausm fE Si f hpmv#i f ody fratmi f htnf;E d li f ? rapmi f hpm;E d li f ?

(7 )7xm;aomode f ; atmi fausm fu d k tE d l i f7z d k htc Gi f htve f ;uvnf ;

enf;aeonfrdk h odef;atmifausmft7ifoGm;zdkufonfudk vD;awmifv#ufom;ESifh

apmif h7zd k h yd krsm;aeonf?

7efy d ki fp d k ;onf pdwfxJr Sqkawmif; _y D ; pmtky fud kqwfueJvSe f

vd kufonf? (237) 7@S donf? wu<fhud k wd kufwd kufqk di fqd ki fyi f?

aumifav;ESpfa<mufvH k; (7)csif;wlaejuonf?

Þ oa7y JuGm? rxk l ;b l ; ? aqmfway Gp DqG J< l _y D ; z d ku f ju

7atmif? [kwfvm; ß

vd k;csifp dwf_yif;_yaeaom7efyd ki fp d k ;u a_ymonf?

Þ uÈwf- -em;pr f ;yg? aqmfE Sp fay Ge J hwl ;bd ki f0r f ;z d kufcsi fvd k h

' D c G i fu d k c swm? tc kwac gu foa7usvnf ; bm _zp fv J ? xy f _y D ;

vSef@ k Hayg h? uJ- -rif;t7ifp- - ß

7e fy d ki fp d k ;onf csc si fp dw fxe faeaom fvnf; wl;bd ki f0r f ;ac:

rde f;rESpfa<mufESif ha<mufsm;wa<muf umrpyf<Sufazsmfa_zrSKud kawmh

pr f ;vky f junf hc si faomajumi f h xyfpum;a_ymraeawmh? pmtky fud k

312

qGJ<lIvSefvdkufonf? pmrsufESm(83)7onf? (3)~^ef;om_zpfaomajumifh

7efyd ki fp d k ; rsufESmrJ hoGm;onf? odef;atmifausmfu yd ki f _y D[laomtrlt7m

_yum pmtkyfud kqG JvSefvd kufonf? onfwcgvnf; tawmfwd kufqd ki f

onf? odef;atmifausmfu (81)7onf? apmapmu 7efyd ki fp d k ;vSefc J haom

pm@Gufxuf w@GufyJavsmhonf?

pdwfysufaeaom7efyd ki fp d k ; 0rf;omoGm;onf?

Þ Ed l ki f _y DuG- - ß

yg;pyfua_ymI qwfueJxonf?

Þ a[haumi f tc s d e f r Sw fo G m ;t ke f ; ? tc k q<f hwem7 D

q<fh@ Sp fr depf@ S d _y D ß

7efy d ki fp d k ;u bmr#_ye fra_ym? vSnf hyi frjunf hy J trs d K ;orD;

ESp fa<mufud kayG hzufum Øyvl;× aejunfhonfhESp fa<mufxd ki fqd kzgcke f

juD;@S d7mod k hom wcsd K;wnf;a_y;0ifoGm;onf?

olu t7rf;vd k;csifae_yDav?

tem;od k h a7mufv#i f E Sp fu d k< f hwud k< f _zp fv ke D ;y g ;y l ;uy fum

313

vl;vGe f haumhys Haeaom trs d K ;orD;E Sp fa<mufud k qG Jc Gmypfvd kufonf?

ud k<f hz DvifESi f hud k<f_idr f hum ywf0ef;usifud kyif arhovdk_zpfaejuaom

q7mra':wifrm0if;ESif hrusif[kefwdk hrSm tckvdkqGJtz<fcHvdkuf7awmhrSyif

rdrdwd k hESpfa<muf a7muf@S dae7onfhb0ta_ctaeudk _yefowd7juonf?

rdr dwd k hud kvd k ;7ef 7efy d ki fp d k ;a7mufvm_cif;_zpfajumif; em;vnf

vd kufonf? olwd k hE Sp fa<mufvH k;r Sm t@S de fwufumw^Sm7ruf_yif;xef

aeju7m 7efyd ki fp d k ;vd k ;wmud kc Hz d k h toif h@ S daejuonf? rvGefqefEd li fonfh

ta_ctaeajumif hom r[kwf? olwd k h>aoG;om;rsm;awmif hwaerSKt7

tvdk;c Hcsi faeju_cif;_zpfonf? vD;ud k wrf;waejuonf?

a':wi frm0i f ;onf zi f ju D ;E d k hx G m ;x Gm ; vH k ; ju D ;ay gu fv S

[JAD;qd kufjuD;| vH k;vH k ;c Jc JjuD;_zpfonf? vlaumifxGm;onf? rusif[kef

uawmh a'gi fawmif haomfvnf; a':wifrm0if ;avmufawmh rjuD;?

a':wifrm0if;u udk<ftav;cs de fy d k _y D; rusif[kefu udk<ftav;cs de f

ayg honf?

7efyd ki fpd k ;onf vdk;csifpdwfavmjuD;juD;ESif h ayG hzufyl;uyfaeaom

tr s d K ;or D ; E S p f a<mu fu d k cy f jur f ; jur f ;q G J z< fw G e f ; c G m yp f c J h 7 m

vlaumifxGm; _y D ; tav;cs de fy d kr sm;aoma':wifrm0i f ;onf qd kz gay:

cg;apmif;wifI yufvufcyfaumhaumh_zpfoGm;onf? a':wifrm0if;avmuf

v l aumi f rx G m ; y J u d k< ftav;c s d e fvn f ; ay g h aomrusi f[ k e f r S m r l

314

qdkzgay:rSaeI aumfaZmcif;xm;aomjurf;_yifay:od k h vdrf husoGm;onf?

7efyd ki fp d k ;onf odef;atmifausmfavmuf umrqufqHrS KtawGh

tjuHKrrsm;yg? onfvd kaqmfESpfayGESi f h _yd Ki fwlzd kufrS Ktajumif;ud kvnf;

odyfrod? udk<fwdkifvkyfzl;_cif;vnf;r@S d? _yD;awmh <ckavmavmq<fwGif

7efyd ki fp d k ;rsm t7rf;yifvd k ;csifaqmfcsifaeay7m qdkzgapmif;wGif wifyg;

wifum a_caxmufrsm;atmufusv#uf| aygifawGcyfum;um;@S daeaom

a':wifrm0if;tay:rSwufvd k;zd k h teD;uyfqH k;ESi f htaumif;qH k;taetxm;

@S dae7m 7efyd ki fp d k ;vnf; bmbmnmnmpOf;pm;raeawmhyJ cyfum;um;

_zpfaeaom a':wifrm0if;>aygifc Gjum;wGif 0if' l ;axmufae7m<l_yD;

apmufywfud kqG J _z Jum vD;wefjuD;uyfawhv#uf zdqmif hoGif;vk dufav

onf?

Þ bGyfAspfAspf- -bkbGyf- - ß

Þ tm;- -uÈwfuÈwfuÈwf- -a_z;a_z;vkyfyg 7efyd ki fp d k ;7 J h?

jurf;vScsnfvm;? tm;yg;yg;- - ß

pdwfaZmcyfxefxefESif h zdaqmifhcsvdkuf7m 7efyd kifpd k;>vD;juD;onf

q7mra':wifrm0if;> apmufywfxJod k h wcsufwnf;ESi f htqHk;0ifoGm;

onf? rusif[kefESi f h Øyvl;× cJ hr S Kajumif h apmufywfxJwGif t7nfjunf

awG@$rf;@$rf;pd kaeaomajumif h vD;t0ifuawmh acsmonf? av#mqdk_rKyf0if

315

oGm;onf? odk haomf wif;juyf_ynfhodyfpGm@S daomajumif h a':wifrm0if;rSm

ppfueJatmifhIemaomajumifh pkwfoyfumnnf;vdkufrdonf? vD;wefjuD;

aqmifhoGif;vdkufonfht@Sdef_zifh trsdK;orD;>wifyg;juD;<rf;cg_yD; juD;rm;aom

Ed k htH kjuD;ESp fvH k ;vnf; odrf hodrf hvSKyfcgoGm;onf? olr>vufESpfbufurl

yd ki fy d ki fE d li fE d li fvd k ;aeavol 7efyd ki fp d k ;>7ifbwfud k uref;uwef;wGe f;r d

onf? 7efyd ki fp d k ;uawmh vD;xd k ;oGif;_yD;onfESif h wtm;aqmif hvd k ;onf?

qdkzgatmufvdrf hqif;oGm;aomrusif[kefonf tomrwfwyfx7yf

vmonf? reD;ra0;wGifxd ki faeaomodef;atmifausmfxHod k h rsufvH k;wcsuf

a0hjunf honf? odef ;atmifausm fonf vD;juD;tawmifom;ESi f hxd ki fI

ae7m rmawmifaeaomxdkvD;juD;onf aumifrav;udk 7ifzd koGm;aponf?

rusif[kefonf csufcsif;yiftjunfhv$ Jum acgif;av;iH k hxm;vd kufonf?

rusi f[ke fonf wl;bd ki f0r f ;umrpnf;p dr fc Hpm;r S KE Si f hywfoufI

vHk;0em;rvnf? 7efyd ki fp d k ;uvnf;aZmoefoefESi f h q7mra':wifrm0if;

u d kom t_ywfz dIvd k ;ae7m rusi f[ke fu d k ar hovd k _zp fo Gm ;onf?

_y D ;awm ha _ym7rnfqd kv#i f 7e fy d ki fp d k ;u d k< fwd ki fuvnf; Tod k haom

umrpy f< Su fr S Kr s d k ;u d k em ;vnfwwfodonfr[kwfy g ? xd ka jumi f h

aqmfESpfayGESi f hbJwa<muf umrpyf<Sufaysmfyg;juonfhtaetxm;rs d K ;

r[kwfyJ 7efyd kifpd k;ESif hq7mra':wifrm0if;wdk hvdk;aejuonfudk wynfhrav;

rusif[kefu ab;em;rS7yfjunfhonfhoabmrs d K ;om_zpfaeonf?

316

xd ki f junf haeaomode f ;atmifausm fwa<mufom junf h7wm

tm;rvd ktm;r7ovdk_zpfaeonf? odef;atmifausmfonf aqmfESpfayGESi f h

bJwa<muf umrpnf;pdrfcHpm;aysmfyg;rSKud k udk<fwdkifvufawGhvkyfzl;_cif;

r@ S dao;aom fvnf ; tawm fawm hoabmusonf? ud k< fawG hv ky fz d k h

tcGi f hta7;r7cJ honf htwGuf aqmfESp fayGE Si f hbJwa<mufaysm fyg;r S Krsm;

ygonfht_ympmtkyfrsm;zwf_cif; | t_ymyH krsm;| t_ymum;rsm;junfh _cif;

_zi f hom tmoma_zae7onf? rdr domxd kod k haysm fy g ;7e ftcGi f h juH Kv#i f

b<fvd kb<fy H kvky frnf[lIvnf; zwf@ S K junf hc J h7onfrsm;tay:wGi f

rlwnfum pdwful;<OfcJ hr S Krsm;@S donf? xdkajumif h vufawGhrvkyfzl;ao;

onfhwd ki f onfudpPESi f hywfoufI A[kokwtodt_rif tweftoif h

@ S donf?

7efyd kifpd k;vkyfaeyHkrSm aqmfESpfayGESif hbJwa<muf pyf<Sufaysmfyg;rSK

tyDt_yifr[kwfaomajumif h junf hae7if;uyif tm;rvd ktm;r7_zpf

vmonf?

xd kajumif h raeEd li fy J0ifa_ymrdonf?

Þ a[haumif q7mrudkcsnf;yJ zdzd kufraeeJ h? usifusif hud kvnf;

ac:oGi f ;tke f ;avuGm? rif;[mu wl;bd ki f0rf;vkyfaewmrS r[kwfyJ?

0rf;bd ki f0rf;zd kufaewmyJuG ß

317

odef;atmifausmfa_ymrSyif 7efyd ki fp d k ;r Smvnf; owd7vmum- -

Þ vma[h- -usifusif- - ß

7e fy d k i fp d k ;uac:I rusi f[ ke fvnf ; ab;em;w Gi f7y fae7mr S

vd k ;aejuonfhp H kwG JE Si f h yd kIeD ;uyfatmif a@S hod k hvSr f ;umwd k ;uyfvd kuf

7onf? ac:Iom a@S hwd k ;uyf7onf? rusif[kefr Sm bmvkyf7rnfrod?

'gayr<fh bmrSef;rodyJESi h f pdwfawmh tawmfav;vSKyf@ Sm;aeonf?

7e fy d k i f p d k ;uvnf ; ody fem ;vnfv Sonfr[kw faomajumi f h

a':wifrm0if;ud k cyfjurf;jurf;vd k ;ae7if; rusif[kefud kvSrf;zufonf?

[dkudkifonfyGwfvkyfonf? onfavmufygyJ? onfxufyd kI olrvkyfwwf?

_yD;awmh ol hp dwftm@k Huvnf; a':wifrm0if;ud kvk d ;aeonfhbufqDod k h

y d ka7mufaeonf?

xd kod k hvkyfae7mrS 7efyd ki fp d k ;onf pdwful;wck7vmum- -

Þ usifusif- -av;bufukef;vd kufaemf- - ß

a _ym7i f ;a' :wi frm0i f ;apmu fw fx Jr S v D ;u d kq G Jx kw fonf ?

rusif[kefrSmvnf; ESpfa<mufxd ki fqd kzgcke fab;jurf;cif;aumfaZmay:wGif

av;bufaxmufay;vdkufonf? 7efyd kifpd k;u rusif[kef>zifjuD;aemufwGif

318

' l ;axmuf _y D ; apmufywfxJv D ;x d k ;o Gi f ;I wtm;aqmi f hv d k ;onf?

a':wifrm0i f ;r Smawmh qd kz gapmi f ;wGi fwify g ;wifum aygi f juD ;awG

um;v#uf qyfwiH hi H h juD;usefaecJ honf? 7efy d ki fp d k ; y<fy<fe<fe<f

vd k ;xm;cJ honfhtwGuf apmufzkwfjuD;uawmh rd k hr d k hazgif;um t7nfawG

@$r f ;@ $r f ;p d kae@k Homru aygifjuD;awGum;xm;aomajumif h _yL;tm_yJI

aeonf?

7efy d ki fp d k ;vky fwm r[kwfao;aomfvnf; ode f ;atmifausm fu

bmr # _ye fra _ymaeawm h ? 7e fy d k i fp d k ; z d ku fz d k h 7xm;onf htc s d e fuvnf ;

odyfrusefawmh? onfawmh olhzmomolv$wfxm;_yD; rdrdtvSnf ha7muf

awmhrS 7efyd ki fp d k ;vnf;enf;em<l7atmif wl;bd ki f0rf;pyf<SufrS ktyDt_yif

vkyf_yvdkufrnf[komaw;xm;v#uf abmvHk;yG J_yD;umeD;'d kifvljuD;wa<muf

vd kom em7Dwjunfhjunfhvkyfaeonf?

Þ q7mr vm- -usifusif hab;rSm av;bufukef; ß

rusif[ke fud kaemufr St_ywfvd k ;ae7if; 7efy d ki fp d k ;uac:vd kuf7m

r Ø_yD;× ao;yJ qyfwiH hi H hjuD;_zpfaeaoma':wifrm0if;onf csufcsif;yif

qd kzgay:rSqif;vmum 7efyd ki fp d k ;vd k ;wmcHae7aom rusif[kef>nmbuf

ab;wGifuyfv#uf av;bufaxmufumukef;ay;vdkufonf? a':wifrm0if;

av;bufukef;ay;xm;_yD;_zpfaomfvnf; 7efyd ki fpd k ;rSm t@S defrowfEd lifao;yJ

rusif[kefudk cyfjurf;jurf;qufIaqmifhvd k;aeao;7m a':wifrm0if;tzd k h

319

rcsif hr7J_zpf7onf? ratmif hrtnf;Ed li fvnf; _zpf7onf?

Þ csavuGm- -'DrSm ukef;xm;_yD;_y D? ß

q7mra':wifrm0if ;onf ratmif htnf;E d li fy J xkwfaz:a_ym

vdkufrdavonf?

Þ vm_yDq7mr vm_yD- -c^av;- -c^av;- - ß

Þ bGyfbGyfbGyf- -tm; tif h- -udkud k7m tm;yg;- - ß

7efyd ki fp d k ;onf rusif[kefud k oH k;csufqufwd kuf tm;_yif;_yif;

aqmif hvd k ;vd kufonf? rusif[ke f>zifjuD;<rf;cgoGm;7m ab;em;wGi f

uyfIukef;aeaoma':wifrm0if;ud kyif oGm;xdrdonf?

7efy d ki fp d k ;onf rusif[ke fud ktm;_yif; _yif ;oH k ;csufaqmif hvd k ;ay;

_y D ;aemuf vD;ud kqG Jxkwfonf? rusif[ke fr Smvnf; zDvifwufae7m

o lr>apmu fyw fu d kv d k ; aeaomv D ;u d k wtm;yi fq G J! Sp f aeav7m

vD;u tvG<fESif hruÈwf? tawmfud ktm;pd kufumqGJxkwfrS Øazguf×[lI

y kvi f ;A l ;qd k hz Gi f ho Hvd kv d k _rnf _y D ; vD ;uÈwfxGufonf? rusi f[ke f>

apmufywfxJr S apmuf7nfjunfr sm ;uvnf; y Gufue Jyi ft_yi fo d k h

tHusxGufonf?

320

7e fy d k i f p d k ;on f wvS Ky fv S Ky f _ zp f aeaomrusi f[ ke f>zi fu d k

cy fomomwcsu fy kw f _y D ; aemu f a':wi frm0i f ;bufo d k h a _ymi f ;rn f

t_yKwGif- - -

Þ [d k ;xm; ? 7y fv d ku fawm h ? q<f hi g ;r d ep ftc s d e f _yn f h _y D ?

ig htvSnf hay;ayawmh- - ß

o d e f ; atmi f au s m fua _yma _ymq d kq d k x d k i f a e7mr Sxonf ?

o l hu d k< ftay:y d k i f ;w Gi f0w fxm;qJ _zp faom py d k h @ Sy fu d kq G Jc Èw fyp fI

a':wifrm0if;E Si f hrusif[ke fwd k hav;bufuke f ;xm;7mqDod k h csO f ;uyfvm

onf?

Þ a[haumif- -[kwf7J hvm;uG? tcs de fawmh rcd k k ;e J haemf ß

av;bufukef;xm;I wif;wif;um;um;juD;_zpfaeaom a':wif

rm0if;>zifaemufwGif' l ;axmufum apmufywfxJoGif;7ef vD;juD;ud k

vuf_zif hud ki fI cs de fxm;aom7efyd ki fp d k ;u a_ymonf?

Þ 'DrSmjunfh? q<fhwem7DoH k ;q<fhig;rdepf@S d _y D? rif;p,zd kufwm

q<fhwem7DeJ hq<fh@Sp fr depf? ESpfr depfawmif pGef;aeao;w<f? uJ- -

igpawmhr<f ß

321

Þ at;yg at;yg? rif; q<fhESpfem7Dig;q<frdepftxdyJaemf ß

Þ pdwfcs- -wrdepfrpGe f;ap7bl;? ß

a_ym7if;odef;atmifausmfu qdkzgcke fay:wGifxd ki fonf? _yD;awmh

trs d K ;orD;ESp fa<mufud k ac:<lvd kufonf?

a':wi frm0i f ;E Si f hrusi f[ke fw d k huvnf; wef ;p Dumav;buf

ukef;aeju7mrS odef;atmifausmfxHod k h oGm;juonf? olwd k hE Sp fa<muf

pvH k ; p dwfvS Ky f@ Sm ;um 7rufxefaejuonf? 7e fy d ki fp d k ;E Si f hvd k ;wm

t@S de fwufump@S daecs de fwGif wpcef;7yfoGm;aomajumif h qyfwiH hi H hE Si f h

rc si f h r7 Jvnf ; _zp faejuonf? od h k aom f o de f ; atmi fausm fv D ;E S i f h

tvd k ;c H7awmhr Smr d k h p dwfawmhrysufjuyg? ode f ;atmi fausm f@ S d7mod k h

t_refyifvmjuavonf?

7efyd ki fp d k ;r Smawmh rwfawmifaeaomvD;juD;ud k tomvuf_zif h

ud kifum wa<mufxdkifqd kzgckefwckay:wGif oGm;xdkifonf? em7D0ufawmh

olyG Jjunfhy7dowfvkyf7aytkef;rnf?

Þ ud ki f ;- -vD ;u d k t7i fp ky fay ; ju? apmapmu_yc J hw J h

AD' D<d k _yuGufxJuvdkayg h? tJ'DxJrSmygwmawG rSwfrdjuw<fr[kwfvm;ß

322

odef;atmifausmfu olESif htwlwlaysmfyg;rnfh trsdK;orD;ESpfa<muf

ud k !$ef_yapcd ki f;onf?

xd ktcs de fwGi f a':wifrm0if ;u ode f ;atmifausm f>nmbuf|

ru si f[ k e fu b<fbu fw G i f to D ;o D ; 0i fx d k i f ju _y D ; _ zp fon f ?

bm7<fnm7<fvd k hawmhr[kwfyg? a<mufsm;wa<muf| rdef;rESpfa<muf

@S dae7m olhtvdktav#mufyif a<mufsm;>0J<mwGif 0ifxd ki fju_cif;

_zpfonf?

ode f ;atmifausm fa_ymrSyif a':wifrm0if;E Si f hrusif[ke fwd k honf

(7efyd kifpd k ;a7mtygt0if) apmapmujunfhcJ h7aom t_ymAD'D<dkvufa@G;pif

um;xJr S uy`vDjuD;wa<muf| bd krav;wa<mufESi f h ~syefrav;

wa<mufwd k h> umrqufqHrSKtrs d K;rs d K ; o@kyfaqmif_yoGm;onfh_yuGuf

rsm;ud k _ri fa<mifvmjuonf? AD' D<d k _yuGufxJwGi f uy`vDjuD;>

vD;wefjuD;ud k bd kri<fi<fav;ESif h ~syefri<fi<fav;wd k hu wvSnfh

wrs d K ;p Dp kyfay;juovdk <ck olrwd k he Sp fa<mufvnf; odef;atmifausmf>

vD;wefjuD;ud k ESpfa<muftwlpkyfay;ju7av_yD?

q7mra':wifrm0if ;u t7ifppky fonf? a':wifrm0if ;onf

vD;weft7if;yd ki f ;ae7mud k vuf_zif htkyfud ki fum tay:yd ki f;ud k yg;pyf_zif h

i H kI tm;7yg;7pkyfay;onf? apmapmut@S de fwufaecJ haom umr7rufrD;

t[kefajumif h a':wifrm0if;rSm 7Jwif;aeonf?

323

rusif[keffuawmh umrqdyf_zifhta7mifvufaeaomrsufvHk;rsm;_zifh

a':wifrm0if;vD;pkyfaeonfud k junfhaeonf? rusif[kefr Sm odef;atmif

ausm f>b<fbufaygi f _c HwGi f cg;av;wifum@S dae7m a':wifrm0i f ;

vD;p ky faeonfud k teD;uyfyif yDy D _yif _yif _rif7onf? a':wifrm0if;

tm;7yg ;7p ky fv d ku fI ay:vmaomwysp fy sp ftoHr sm ; jum;7onf?

vD;wefwGif wHawG;rsm;pd kIvmonfud kyg xif@Sm;pGm_rif7onf?

' gud k junf h7i f ; aumifrav;r Smvnf; yg ;py fw_yi f _yi f _zp fI

vmonf? vD;p ky fcsi fvmonf? od k haomfvD;juD;u a':wifrm0if ;>

yg;pyfxJwGif@ S dae7m rusif[kefr Sm ESKwfcrf;ud k@ SmESi f hom oyfIae7av

onf? odpdwfud k 7rufaZmt[kefu tEdlif<lxm;_yD;_zpf7m rusif[kefrSm

w^SmjuGaeaom rdef;r@k di f ;av;b0odk ha7mufaeavonf?

Þ q7mrwa<mufwnf;csnf; zdpkyfraeeJ hav? usifusih fud kvnf;

tvSnf hay;vd kuftke f ;? usifusifvD;p ky faewke f ; q7mru uÈefawmf h

a~G;tkud k 7ufay;ayg h ß

324

odef;atmifausmfu a_ymvd kufonf?

ol hvufwbufu a':wifrm0if;>zif00juD;ay:od k h a7mufvm

onf? zifud ky Gwfonf? zifom;tdtdjuD;rsm;ud k ud ki f!Spfonf?

a':wifrm0i f ;onf pky faeaomvD;acsmi f ; juD ;ud k yg ;py fxJr S

qG Jxkwfonf? olrvufwbufuawmh vD;t7if;yd ki f ;ud k rv$wfao;?

udkifxm;qJ? yg;pyfxJrSxkwfvdkufaomvD;juD;udk rusif[kefxHxdk;ay;onf?

yg;pyfw_yif_yif_zpfaeaomrusif[kefuvnf; a':wifrm0if;xd k ;ay;aom

vD ; juD ;ud k yg ;py fE Si f h[y f<lum tm;7yg ;7p ky fv d ku favawmhonf?

a':wifrm0if;onf acgif;ud katmufod k hi H k hum odef;atmifausmf>a~G;tk

rsm;ud k @Smav;ESi f h7ufvd kuf| ES Kwfcrf;av;rsm;ESi f huyfumpkyfay;vd kuf

vkyfonf? odef;atmifausmfu rusif[kef>zifud k usefvufwbuf_zif h

prf;_yefonf? yGwfoyfud ki f!Spfonf?

ode f f ;atmifausm fonf trs d K ;orD ;E Sp fa<mufud k toH k ;c sum

wrlxl;aom wl;bd ki f0rf;umrpnf;pdr fc Hpm;rS Kud k t_ywfzDvif<laeonf?

vD;ud k yg;pyfwckupkyfv#uf a~G;tkrsm;ud k usefyg;pyfwckupkyfay;aerSK

wGif rde f;rESpfa<mufwd k h> rwlaomyg;pyfESp fc kr S uG J _ym;aomzDvifawG

7onf?

xd k h _yi f rde f ;rESp fa<muf> um;yH kr dy H kwif;7if ;y H kc si f ;rwlaom

325

zifjuD;awG> xdawGhr S Kud k vufESpfbufrSvnf; ususeecHpm;7aeao;

onf? odef;atmifausmfonf zifjuD;awGud ky Gwfae7mrS zifaygufawG

udkvnf; vufacsmif;_zif hxd k;uvdao;onf? zifvdk;cHzl;_yD;aom a':wifrm

0if;>ptd kud k uvd7rS KE Si f h zifrcHz l ;ao;aomrusif[ke f>zifaygufud k

xd k ;y Gwf7rSKwd k hr Sm wH k h _yefxdawG hr S Ku tawmfav;ud kuG J _ym;onf?

a':wifrm0if;>zifacgif;onf odef;atmifausmf>vufacsmif;ud k

wqwfqwf _zi f h! Sp fIaeonf? p ky f< laeonf? trs d K ;or D ; ju D ;>

zi fq H k00wp fwp f ju D ;uvnf ; <dr f ;E G J hv S Ky f@ S m ;Iaeonf? zi f0ud k

[ay;wwfae_yDrd k h vufacsmif;txdk;toGif; vG<fulacsmarG haeonf?

rusi f[ ke f>pt d kuawm h o l htvd kv d k rz Gi f h ay ;wwfao;?

onfjum;xJwGif aumifrav;uajumufajumufESif hzif0udk@S H K hxm;av7m

zifaygufxJvufacsmif;0ifatmifxd k ;oGif;7wmuyif tawmfav;cufae

onf? z dxd k ;oGi f ;Ivufacsmi f ;uzi facgi f ;aygufxJ0i foGm;aomfvnf;

wu<f hu d k wi f ;wi f ; juy f juy f ju D ; _zp fonf? ode f ;atmi fausm f>

vufacsmif;rSm om;a7yifawmfawmfrsm;rsm;ESif h cyfwif;wif;7pfywfxm;_cif;

cH7ovdkrs d K;_zpfaeonf? xdk h _yif rusif[kefrSm 7rufpdwfxefaeaomfvnf;

ziftES d KufcH7rSKud k ajumufaeaompdwfuvnf;@S dae_yefav7m zifjuD;ud k

awmi f hxm ;7m o lr>wi fy g ;onf rv S Ky f r@ S m ;cy f aum haum h ju D ;

onftwdki f;@ S daeavonf?

326

q7mra':wifrm0if; zifvd k;cHcJ h7rSKrsm;ud k rusif[kefawGh_rifxm;

cJ h7onf? odef;atmifausmfonf rdrdud kzifxd k ;uvd@k Homru zifud kyg

vd k ;tke f;r Smvm;[kawG;I ajumufaerS Kuvnf;@S dae_yef7m zif0ud ky d kI

@S H K hxm;rdonf? onfawmh zifaygufuyd kIusOf;um xdk;oGif;uvdaeaom

vufacsmif;ESif h _ynfhjuyfodyfIaeygonf? tqifacsmacsmxdk;oGif;_yefxkwf

vkyfIr7yg?

Þ vD;pkyfay;wm awmf_yD? [kd zifvd k ;qDAl;csxm;wJ hae7mem;

oGm;_yD; ESpfa<mufwef;pDav;bufukef;vd kuf- - ß

rdef;rESpfa<muf> wvSnfhp DvD;pkyfay;rS Kud kc H7if; txdtawGh

rw ln Du G J _ ym ; _cm ;em ;aompt d k ay gu fE Sp f ay gu fu d k vufac smi f ; _ zi f h

xd k ;uvdae7rSKonf tvGefud kpnf;pdr fawG hum zDvift_ywfwufonf

rSefaomfvnf; rdrdtwGuf tcsde fuef howfrSKuvnf;@S daeavaomajumif h

a@ S hwqif htcs de f7wke f ;wufvSr f ;7e f ode f ;atmi fausm fu olvd k ;or#

c H ju7awm hrnf h q7mra':wi frm0i f ;E Si f hrusi f[ ke fw d k hu d k apc d ki f ;

vd ku fonf? xd ko d k hapc d ki f ;vd ku fc s de fwGi f trs d K ;or D ;E Sp fa<mufvH k ;>

ptd kaygufrsm;xJod k h ol>b<fnmvufcv<frsm;ud k ususeexd k;oGif;

vd kufonf?

327

q7ma':wifrm0if ;E Si f hrusi f[ke fwd k honf zifaygufrsm;xJwGi f

vufac smi f ;x d k ;o Gi f ;c Hxm;7v#ufE Si f h zi fv d k ;q Db l ;awmi f hc sxm;7m

pm;yG Jy kab;em;od k h oGmm;ju7avonf? ptd kxJvufacsmif;rsm;xd k ;xnfh

c Hxm;7onfr d k h vrf;av#mufaomtcg wifqH kr sm;aemufod k hy d kaumhI

tenf;i<fvnf; uGww_zpfIaeonf?

av#mufoGm;ae7onfu zifvd k ;qDAl;csxm;onfhae7m? xdkae7m

od k ha7mufv#if ESp fa<mufom; av;bufukef;ay7aytkef;rnf? <ck

avmavmq<fwGif zifaygufrsm;xJod k hvufacsmif;ud k<fpDxnfhxm;aerSK

uvnf;@ S daeonf? xd kajumif h r dr dwd k hE Sp fa<muf ode f ;atmifausm f

zifvd k ;wmcH7awmhrnfud k a':wifrm0if;a7m| rusif[kefyg oabmayguf

aejuavonf? ESpfa<mufpvHk; tuvdcHzifaygufrsm;<m;usdusd_zpfonf?

pdwfvnf; vSKyf@Sm;aejuonf? a':wifrm0if;u zifyd k<m;um yd kI

7rufxefonf? rusif[kefuawmh 7rufpdwfwGif ajumufpdwfu'GefwG JI

aeonf? aumifrav;onf zifvd k ;c H7rSmud k trSe fyi fajumufae@Sm

avonf?

rdef;rESpfa<muf>zifaygufrsm;xJodk h vufacsmif;xd k;xnfhxm;7if;

aemufrSuyfvdkufvmaom odef;atmifausmf>rsufESmuawmh _yHK;_zJ_zJjuD;?

oGm;7nfyif w_rm;_rm;usaeygawmhw<f?

328

zifvd k ;qDAl;awmif hcsxm;aom pm;yG Jy kab;em;od k ha7mufoGm;aom

tcg rde f ;rESp fa<mufonf ab;csif;<SOfumav;bufaxmufukef;ay;

vd kufju7onf? odef;atmifausmfu zifaygufrsm;xJrSvufacsmif;rsm;ud k

qGJxkwfray;ao;? xdk;oGif;_rJxdk;oGif;xm;av7m av;bufukef;7aomtcg

enf;enf;awmh uGww_zpfjuonf? uwfoD;uwfoyfvnf;@S djuonf?

zifaygufxJxd k ;oGif;xm;onfh vufacsmif;awGu qGJ<lxdef;xm;

ovdkrs d K ;r d k h a':wifrm0if;ESi f hrusif[kefwd k hE Sp fa<mufrSm ab;csif;uyfum

tom;csif;vnf;xdaejuatmifyif yl;yl;uyfuyfav;bufukef;ay;xm;7

onfhtaetxm;rs d K ; a7mufoGm;juonf? a':wifrm0if;u nmbufrSm?

rusif[kefu b<fbufrSm? zifvd k ;qDAl;awmif hxm;onfh pm;yG Jy kav;u

olwd k hE Sp fa<mufa@S hem;qDrSm?

odef;atmifausmfu rdef;rESpfa<muf>zifaygufxJ xdk;oGif;xm;onfh

ol hvufacsmif;rsm;ud k _yd Ki fwlyifqG Jxkwfvd kufonf?

Þ yspf yvGwfbk AspfAspfAspf ß

Þ tm; [if h- - ß

Þ tm; uÈwfuÈwfuÈwf emw<f- - ß

329

cyfjurf;jurf;av;qGJxkwfvdkufonfrdkh zifaygufrsm;xJrS vufacsmif;

uÈwfxGufoGm;oHawGu tawmfus<fus<f_rnfonf? zifvd k ;c Hz l;_yD;I

yGif htmaeaom a':wifrm0if;>ptdk0 pyfzsif;zsif;_zpfv#uf juufoD;awG

xum a<mif<rf;a7@GwfoHay:xGufonf? zif ØtysdK× av;_zpfaeao;aom

rusi f[ ke f>pt d k 0uawm h us d e f ; py f em jui fo Gm ;7m aumi frav;

pkwfoyf_yD;nnf;vd kufrd@Smavonf? rusif[kefc_rm rsuf7nfav;rsm;yif

vnfIvmonf?

Þ zifvd k;qDAl; vSrf;<lay;- - ß

odef;atmifausmfu cd ki f ; _yefonf? xdkapcd ki f ;oHonf rdef;r

ESpfa<mufvH k;ud k 7ifzd koGm;aponf?

Þ vkyfav- -? zifvd k ;qDAl; vSrf;<lay;? tcs de fu odyfr@S d

awmhbl; ß

odef;atmifausmfu xdkod k ha_ym_yD; ol ha@S hwGi fab;csi f;<SOfum

wef;pDIukef;xm;aomajumif h aumhaxmifwif;um;aeavaom zifjuD;

ESpfc kud k vuf0g;ESpfbuf_zif h _yd Ki fwlcyfqwfqwf@k dufvd kufonf?

Þ zsef;- -zsef;- - ß

330

Þ tm; td- - ß

Þ trav; udkodef;atmifausmf7J h tm; ß

zif@k dufcH7aomrdef;rESpfa<muf>yg;pyfrS nnf;!latmf[pfoHawG

ay:xGufonf? ESpfa<mufvH k; tom;_zLjuolrsm;_zpf7m zifom;azG;azG;

rsm;ay:wGif vuf0g;7mrsm; txif;om;xifIoGm;onf?

a':wifrm0i f ;u zifvd k ;qDA l ;[k ode f ;atmifausm fcy f7i f h7i f h

emrnfrSnf hxm;aom Øau0d ki f~s<fvDbl;× ud k vSrf;<lumay;vd kufonf?

Þ zi f0 _z Jay ;y g q7mr? q7mrzi fay gu fr S m zi fv d k ;q D

qGwf7atmif- - ß

au0 d k i f ~ s< fv Db l ; awmi f h>tz H k ;u d k cy fo Gu fo Gu fz G i f h 7i f ;

ode f ;atmifausm fu a_ymonf? a':wifrm0if ;vnf; rqd ki f ;rwGyi f

olr>wifyg;om;juD;ESpf_crf;ud k qG J_z Jay;vd kufonf? odef;atmifausmfu

txif;om;ay:vmaomptd k0wGif au0d ki f~s<fvDrsm;!Spfcsvd kufonf?

Þ td k;- -[if h ß

331

ylaEG;aEG; cÈ Jus dus dau0d ki f~s<fvDrsm; ptd kay:wnfhwnfhusvm

rSKajumif h a':wifrm0if;juufoD;xum cg;av;wGef hoGm;@Smavonf?

Þ usifusif- -zif_zJ- - ß

ode f ;atmi fausm f>apc d k i f ;v d ku fo Honf rusi f[ ke fu d kvnf ;

xdwfvef h7ifwkefoGm;aponf?

Þ bm- -bm vkyfrvd k hvJ [if- - ß

rusif[kefu ajumufajumufvef hvef hE Si f har;@Smonf?

Þ zif_zJr Smom_zJ? ig hzmom bmvkyfvkyf- - ß

Þ zif- -zif awmh rcsygeJ h@ Si f- - ß

Þ zif_zJprf;qd k- -? igcd ki f ;wmomvkyf? pum;rrsm;eJ h- - ß

rusi f[ke f bmwwfE d li fawmhrnfenf ;? c d ki f ;onf htwd ki f ;yi f

vufuav;E Sp fbufaemufyp fum ajumufajumufve f hve f hE Si f hyi f

olr>zifom;ud k _zJay;vd kuf@Smavonf? ajumufajumufESi f h _z Jay;7

aomajumif h zifu odyfawmhr_y Jyg? 'gayr<f h ptd k0av;uawmh

332

txif;om;ay:vmonf? ode f ;atmifausm fu au0d ki f~ s<fvDtawmf

rsm;rsm;ud k rusif[kef>zifaygufay: !Spfcsay;vd kufonf?

Þ trav;- -'kuQygyJ@Si f- -[if h[if h ß

rusif[kefu @S d KufoHav;ESif h a7@Gwfvd kuf@Smonf? rsuf7nf

r s m ;vnf ; usvmonf? zi f0w Gi f Øzi fv d k ;q D × tokw fc H7 _y Dr d k h

r dr dzi fc sc H7awm hr Smud k aocsmp Gmem ;vnfaeonf? ajumufvnf ;

t7r f ;a jumufaeonf? zi f0wGi f p d k p dp dc È Ju s dus d _zp faer S Kuvnf ;

rusif[kefudk tawmfyifpdwfvSKyf@Sm;apygonf? rdrdESif hq7mra':wifrm0if;

wd k hE Sp fa<muf wef ;p DIzi fuke f ;ay;ae7ay7m rnfol>zi faygufxJ

vD;t7ifqH k;xd k ;toGif;cH7rnfenf;[kvnf; rusif[kefr Sm tawG;xJwGif

awG;junfhaerdavonf?

odef;atmifausmfu rusif[kef>zif0wGifqDokwf_yD;aomtcg

vuf!S d k ;E Si f hvufcv<fESpfacsmif;yl;I xdk;oGif;vd kufonf?

Þ tm;- -emw<f- -emw<f- -aoyg_yD tm; ß

rusif[kef>zifaygufav;rSm usOf;vSay7m vufESpfacsmif;y l;

xd k ;toGif;c H7rS Kuyif tawmfemonf? yg;pyfrS atmf[pfnnf;!lrdonf?

olr>pdwfxJrSmawmh xd k;oGif;vmonfrSm odef;atmifausmf>vD;juD;[k

333

xifaeonf? rdrd>zif pwiftvdk;cH7_yD[kawG;um juufoD;awGvnf;

xaeonf?

odef;atmifausmfonf rusif[kef>zifaygufxJ vufESpfacsmif;yl;

xdk;xnfhvdkuf_yD;aemuf a':wifrm0if;>ptdk0wGif olhvD;udkawhvdkufonf?

r d r d E S i f h ab;c si f ;< SO fumu ke f ; aeaomrusi f[ k e f atm f[p f

nnf;wGm;v#uf qwfqwfwke fcgoGm;aomtcg aumifrav;>zifxJ

vD;xd k ;oGif;cH7_yD[k a':wifrm0if;uxifonf? ESpfa<mufukef;ay;xm;

7onfhteuf rusif[kef fud kt7ifzifpvd k ;onfhtwGuf rde f;rwd k hobm0

remvd kovdkvd kvnf; _zpfrdonf? od k haomf rdrd>ptd k0wGif ylaEG;aEG;

vH k ;wH k ;wH k ;t7mjuD; vmawhaxmufawmhrS rusif[kef>zifxJxd k ;oGif;

vd kufonfrSm vD;r[kwfEd li f[ktxmaygufonf?

bmrsm;xd k ;xnfhxm;wmvJ[k odvd kaomajumif h ukef;ae7mrS

tomacgif;iJ hjunfhrdonf? ab;csif;xduyfum ukef;ae7onfhta_ctaerd k h

a':wifrm0if;rSmacgif;i J h@ k HE Si f h rusif[kef>zifxJbmxd k;oGif;xm;onfud k

xifxif@Sm;@Sm;rawGh _rifEd li f? ud k<fud ktomyd kjuGum tay:rSjunfhr Som

_rifEd li frnf? od k haomfodef;atmifausmfu awhaxmufxm;aomvD;acsmif;

juD;ud k cyfjurf;jurf;z dxd k ;oGi f ;vmaomajumif h a':wifrm0if ;c_rm

rusif[ke f>zifxJbmxd k ;oGi f ;xm;ajumif; twdtusodatmifrjunf h

Ed li fawmh? rdrdzifxJ0ifvmaomvD;acsmif;juD;'^fud kom rcs drqef hc Hv#uf

334

zifvd k ;c Hr de f;rwd k hxH k ;p Htwdki f; atmf[pfnnf;!l7avawmhonf?

Þ tm;- -emw<f- -emw<f? t7rf ;juD ; rxd k ;e J hav?

_znf;_znf;oGif;yg- -_znf;_znf;- - ß

trs d K ;orD;uatmf[pfawmif;ye faomfvnf; tcs de fvkumvd k ;ae

7aomajumi f h ode f ;atmi fausm fuawm h rouf!Sm? rwH k hq d ki f ; ?

vD;wacsmif;vH k ;0ifatmifom zdaqmif hxd k ;oGif;onf?

Þ Aspf- -Aspf- -trav;av;- -zifuG J _yD tm; tm; ß

a':wifrm0if;r Sm ode f ;atmifausm fzifvd k ;wmcHz l ; _y D ;aomfvnf;

<cktcs DwGif vD;toGif;t7rf;ud kjurf;vSaomajumif h xGef hxGef hvl;atmif

aeum toHuke fenf;yg ;atmfr d@ Smonf? wbuf@ S drusi f[ke fr Smawmh

tawmfud k OD;aESmufa_cmufoGm;onf? a':wifrm0if;emvGef;IatmfoH

rsm;ud k em;ESi f hqwfqwfjum;ae7av7m a':wifrm0if;onf zifxJ

vD ;xd k ;o Gi f ;wmc Hae7ajumi f ; em;vnfonf? r dr d>zi fxJwGi fvnf;

wkwfwkwf@Snf@Snftacsmif;wd k ;0ifae_yefav7m 7efyd ki fp d k ;rsm; yG Jjunfh

ae7muxvmv#uf a':wi frm0i f ;zi fu d k vd k ;aewmrsm ;vm;[kyi f

tawG;aygufrdonf?

335

odef;atmifausmfuawmh a':wifrm0if;zifaygufxJ vD;wacsmif;vHk;

tqHk;0ifatmif cyfjurf;jurf;zdxd k ;oGif;_y D;aemuf q<fcsufrem;wrf;

aqmifhvdk;onf? a':wifrm0if;c_rmrSmawmh wtD;tD;wtm;tm;atmf[pf7if;

ode f ;atmifausm f> jurf;wrf;7ufpufaomzifvd k ;r S Kud k c H7@ Smonf?

q<fcsufcef haqmif hvd k ; _yD;aemuf odef;atmifausmfonf a':wifrm0if;

zifxJr SvD;acsmif;juD;ud k qG J _zKwfonf? rusif[ke fbufod k hul;7rnfrd k h

wtm;qGJ_zKwfvdkuf7m zifxJvD;xdk;toGif;wGifemjuifovdk vD;_zKwfonfh

'^fajumif hvnf; a':wifrm0if;rSm atmf[pfnnf;wGm;7_yefavonf?

Þ trav;av;- -jurf;vScsnfvm; ode f ;atmifausm f7<f?

_znf;_znf;qG J _zKwfyg- - ß

a':wifrm0if;>atmf[pfnnf;wGm;a_ymqdkvdkufoHonf rusif[kef

tzd k h tawG;7cufp7m_zpfae_yefonf? odk haomfxd ktcs de frSmyif odef;atmif

ausmfu rusif[kef>ptd kaygufxJod k h xnfhxm;aomolhvufacsmif;ud k

qG J _zKwf_y D ; [_yJ_y J _zpfaeavaomptd k0wGif vD;ud kawhaxmufvm7m

aumifrav;rSm @Snf@Snfa0;a0;rawG;Ed li fawmhyg?

Þ eif hzifaygufxJ vufacsmif;ESp facsmif;yl;_y D;cs J hxm;wmqdkawmh

vD;oGif;vd k h7_yD? ß

ode f ;atmifausm fu rusif[ke f>ptd kwGi f vD;awhaxmuf7if;

336

a_ymonf? xd ktcgwGi fr Srusif[ke fr Sm apmapmurdr dzifacgi f ;aygufxJ

wif;juyfpGmwdk;0ifvmonfht7monf vD;acsmif;r[kwfyJ odef;atmifausmf

>vufacsmif;E Sp facsmif;y l ;om_zpfajumif; txmaygufem;vnfoGm;av

awmhonf?

odef;atmifausmfonf a':wifrm0if;>ptd kxJod k h nmvuf!S d K ; |

vufcv<fE Si f h vufoljuG<foH k ;acsmi f ;y l ;um xd k ;oGi f ;vd kufonf?

tvdk;cHz l;_yD;aomzifaygufrd k h vufacsmif;oH k ;acsmif;yl;um xdk;oGif;_cif;

_zpfonf? odef;atmifausmfcyfjurf;jurf;vkyfxm;cJhrSKajumifh a':wifrm0if;

>ptdkrSm usdef;pyfemjuifae7m vufacsmif;oH k;acsmif;yl;xd k;oGif;aomtcg

_yif;_yaomemjuifrSKud k cH7_yefaomtrsdK;orD;juD;rSm atmf[pfnnf;vdkuf

7_yefonf?

Þ tm; tm;- -t7r f ; ; rv ky fy g e J ho d e f ; atmi f ausm f7< f ?

wd k hzifus de f ;aew<f- -uÈwfuÈwfuÈwf- - ß

xd ktc s d e fr S myi fo de f ;atmi fausm fonf rusi f[ ke f>zi fx Jo d k h

vD;acsmif;juD;ud k zdxd k ;oGif;vd kuf_yefonf?

Þ bGyfAspf- -tm; aoyg_yD- -tm; tm;- - ß

tm;p d kufumzdxd k ;vd kufaomfvnf; zifaygufr SmusO f ;usO f ;av;

337

_zp f _y D ; tvd kufoif hz Gi f hray;wwfao;aomajumi f h vD;'p fomwpfI

0ifonf? rusif[ke fr Smawmh emvGef;vSaomajumif h atmf[pfv#uf

zi fjuD;<rf;cg@ ke f ;xGufae7m 0ifaeaomvD;'p fyi f Ø_y Gwf × qd kuÈwf

xGufoGm;onf?

Þ [m- -r@kef;e J hav? _idrf_i dr fc Hr Sayg h [- - ß

ode f ;atmi fausm fua_ym7i f ; rusi f[ ke f>c g ;u d kv Sr f ;q G Jum

xdef;vdkufonf? xdktcg a':wifrm0if;>zifxJxnfhxm;aom vufacsmif;

oH k ;acsmif;onf ØbGyf×qd kuÈwfxGufonf?

Þ t7rf ;emw<f@ Si f- -r_zp fz l ;xi fw<f? rvky fy ge J hawmh?

awmif;yefygw<f- - ß

rusif[kefu awmif;yef@Smonf?

Þ [m- -rvkyfvd k hb<f7rSmvJ[? 'DrSm wd k hvd k hwef;vef;juD;?

vm- -qufukef;? vD;_yefoGif;r<f ß

Þ rvkyfyge J hawmh@Si f- -oem;ygtkef;- -[if h[if h ß

a_ymqd kawmif;yef7if; rusif[kef rsuf7nfrsm;yifusvmonf?

338

zifvd k ;c H7r Smud kawmh aumifrav; t_ywfajumufaeonf? rdr d>

t_zpfud kawG;um 0rf;enf;Irsuf7nfusonf?

Þ [dwf id k _yraeeJ h? ukef;prf;qd k- - ß

odef;atmifausmfuawmh aumifrav;ud k wGifwGifomukef;c d ki f ;

aeonf?

Þ ukef;yg hr<f@Si f- -[dk- -[dk- -a@S haygufud ky J judKufovdk

vkyfygaemf- -aemufaygufud kawmh rvkyfyge J h? vkyfvd k h0ifr Sm r[kwfbl;ß

Þ b<fhES<fr0if7rSmvJ? apmapmu eif hzifxJ'pf_rKyfoGm;_yD;_y Dy J

eifzif<rf;_yD;@ ke f ;xGufvd k h uÈwfoGm;wm? 'pf0if_yD;7if vD;wacsmif;vH k ;

0ifz d k h bmcufawmhvd k hvJ- - ß

Þ uÈefrzif t7rf;emaevd k h rvkyfyge J hawmhaemf ß

Þ 'gqd k qDqGwfay;r<f? zi fawmh c H7r Smy J ? zi fvd k ;qD

<lvd kuf- - ß

Þ rvkyfygeJ h@ Si f- -csrf;omay;yg ß

339

Þ r7bl;? zifvd k ;qDom<l- -_yD;awmh av;bufukef;? zif_zJ?

'gyJ? vkyfav- - ß

odef f ;atmifausmfuawmh id k<d kawmif;yefaeaomaumifrav;ud k

vH k ;0r!Smwm? olhtvdkud kom ta7;qd kum cyf_ywf_ywfa_ymonf?

rusi f[ke fc_rm bmr#rwwfEd li fawmh? w[if h[if hi d k@ S d Kuf7i f ;

zifvd k;qDbl;ud k <lay;7avonf? _yD;awmhodef;atmifausmftvdkusyif

av;bufukef;um zifom;juD;rsm;udk qGJ_zJay;7onf? odef;atmifausmfu

zif0ud ky d k _y JatmifqG J _z J _y D ; au0d ki f~s<fvDrsm;ud k zif0wGif!Sp fcsonf?

zifacgi f ;xJE S H hE S H hpy fpyfa7mufatmifvnf; vuf!S d K ; _zi f hxd k ;ar$okwfvdr f ;

ay;onf? rusi f[ke fonfi d k< d kv#uf ode f ;atmi fausm fvky for#c Hae

7@Smavonf?

Þ at;- -'DavmufqD@ $ Jatmifokwfxm;7ifawmh vD;t0if

acsmrSmyJ? eifuom zifacgif;ud k@ S H K hrxm;eJ h? [kwfvm;? zifaygufud k

z Gi f hay;xm; jum;vm;- - ß

ode f ;atmifausm fuxd kod k ha _ym_y D ;aemuf rusi f[ke f>zif0wGi f

ol>vD;acsmif;juD;ud kawhvd kufonf? rusif[kefr Sm toufatmif hum

bk7m;wrdonf?

xd ktcs de fr Smyif- - -

340

Þ a[haumif- -tcsde faph_yD? ig htvSnf h- - ß

ta7;aumif;'de f;a'gif;zsufqd kovdk 7efyd ki fp d k ;>toHay:vmonf?

vluvnf; odef;atmifausmftem;od k h a7mufvmonf?

olonf rdrdtvSnf ha7muf7ef vd k;csifp dwfrsm;ud k renf;xdefodrf;

atmif htnf;onf;cHae7av7m odef;atmifausmftwGufowfrSwfay;xm;

aom (12)em7D(5)r dep fa7mufonfESi f h csufcsi f ;yi fvSr f ;atmfa_ymum

xvm_cif;_zpfonf?

Þ awmuf- -usi fusi f7p faewme J h tcs de fu ke fo Gm ;w<f?

rif; q<fhESp fem7DrdepfESp fq<ftxdyJaemf ß

ode f ;atmi fausm fonf rcsi f hr7 Ja_ymum aemufqkwfIoGm;

avonf?

trs d K ;or D ;E Sp fa<mufr Smawm h we f ;p Dumab;c si f ;< SO fv#uf

av;bufukef;xm;juqJ_zpfonf? zifjuD;awGaumhaxmifum azG;ae

juonf? qDokwfxm;onfhtwGuf zifaygufrsm;onf vufa_ymifae

onf? apmufzkwfrsm;uawmh aygifESpfckjum;rSt_yL;om;? pdwfxaeonfh

tcs de fr d k h apmufywfESpfc kvH k ;onf rd k hr d k h juD;azgif;Iaeonf? vlaumifxGm;

341

aoma':wifrm0i f ;>apmufywfjuD;qd kv#i f avxd k ;oGi f ;xm;ovd kyi f

_zpfaeonf?

7efyd ki fp d k ;onf rusif[kef>zifaygufud k tom_zJIjunfhonf?

Þ zif- -zif- -csrvd k hvm; udkud k- - ß

ru si f[ k e fu ac g i f ; av ;i J h jun f hum i d ko H y g y g av ;E S i f h

ar;@Smonf?

7e f y d k i f p d k ; r S m u d k< f h 7n f ; pm ;u d k oem ;ov d kv d k _ zp fon f ?

7e fy d ki fp d k ;onf ode f ;atmifausm favmuf zifvd k ;wmud k0 goemrygay?

'gayr<f h topftqef;oabmrs d K ; zifvd k ;junf hcsi fonf hp dwfuawmh

@ S donf? xd k h _yi f rusif[ke ftay:wGi fvnf; rdr dE Si f hc sp fol_zp fc J honf h

r de f ;uav;wa<muftae_zi f h oHa<mZOftenf;tusO f ;vnf; @ S dae

ao;onf? rusif[kef zifvd k ;c H7rSmud kajumufaeonfud kodonf?

apmapmu odef;atmifausmf zifxJvD;'pf0ifatmifoGif;c J honfh

'^fud k rusif[kefrcs drqef hc Hc J h7onfud kvnf; rsuf_rif_zpfum oem;

aeonf? olhtvSnf husv#if odef;atmifausmfu rusif[kefud kr!Smrwm

zifaqmfawmhrSmudkvnf; odonf? 'gajumif h odef;atmifausmfjurf;jurf;

wrf;wrf;zifaqmfwm rusif[ke fc HE d li f7nf@S dapzd k h rdr du zifaygufud k

342

vrf;ajumif;zGi f humvd k;ay;zd k h pdwful;7vmonf?

Þ [d kav- -usi fusi f hzi fay gufvr f ;ajumi f ;y Gi f ho Gm ;atmi f

wd k hu cyfa_z;a_z;vkyfay;r<f? [kwfvm; ß

TtcgwGifrusif[kefuvnf; 7efyd ki fp d k ;tjuHud k em;vnf7dyfr d

oGm;onf?

Þ [kwf- -[kwfuJ h- -odyfawmhrjurf;e J haemf ud kud k ß

Þ pdwfcsyg? _znf;_znf;csif; acsmhoGif;ayr<f ß

Þ 'gqd k ud kud k hvD;ud k uÈefrqDqGwfay;r<faemf ß

rusif[kefonf 7efyd kifpd k;>vD;udk au0dkif~s<fvDrsm;pd k@$ JoGm;atmif

t_refokwfonf? _yD;awmh av;bufaxmufumukef ; _y D ; zifygufud k

_z Jay;onf? 7efy d ki fp d k ;u _zJay;xm;aomzif0wGif vD;ud kawhaxmuf

vdkufonf?

Þ ig atmufuae_yD; usifusif htzkwfud k7ufay;r<f? 'gr S

emwmud k olcHEd li f7nf@S dvdrf hr<f ß

343

ab;xGufaeovdk_zpfaeaom a':wifrm0if;u 0ifIa_ymonf?

olronf rusif[kefESi f hpmv#if umrqufqHrS KwGif tawGhtjuHKyd krsm;

onf? em;vnfrSK@S donf? rusif[keftae_zif h aemufq<fhig;rdepfjumv#if

odef;atmifausmfzifvd k ;wmud k rnfod k hr#awmif;yef_iif;qefIr7yJ cH7rSm

aocsmae7m aumifrav;oufawmif houfom@S dE d li for#@S datmif ulnD

ay;onfhtae_zif h <ckvd k0ifygvm_cif;_zpfonf?

Þ aumif;w<f q7mr? 'grS Øwl;bd ki f0rf;× vnf;yD_yifoGm;

wmayg h? uJ- -0ifav- - ß

7efy d ki fp d k ;u rusif[ke fzi fxJ vD;xd k ;roGi f ;ao;yJapmif haeum

a_ymvd kufonf?

a':wifrm0if;vnf; rusif[ke f>aygi fjum;atmufod k h t_ref

wd k ;0ifvd kufonf?

rusif[ke fu cg;ud kcyfaumhaumhvky fay;vd kuf7m wifjuD;u

tay:o d k h ju Gwufvmum aygi fc G jum;vnf ;tenf ;i<fy d kum;v#u f

tzkwfyd k _yL;vmonf? zifxJvD;xd k ;oGif;rS KE Si f h apmufywf7ufay;rS Kwd k hud k

wcs de fwnf;c H7awmhrnf htwGuf rusif[ke fu onfvd ktaetxm;rs d K ;

tvd ktav#mufvky fay;vd ku f _ci f ; _zp fonf? wwfodem;vnfvd k hawm h

r[kwfygacs?

344

rnfod k hqd kap| rusif[kefvkyfay;vd kufonfhtaetxm;u vuf@S d

ta_ctaeESi f hawmh rsm;p Gmvd kufzuftqifa_yoGm;c J hy gonf? olr>

ptd k0onf 7efy d ki fp d k ;>iyJacsmif;juD;xd k ;oGi f ;E d li f7ef tavmawmfav;

_zpfaeovdk olr>apmufywfud kvnf; a':wifrm0if;7ufay;pkyfay;7ef

tvSrf;rDoGm;aponf?

a':wifrm0i f ;onf olr>rsufE Smay:tyfr dvkvk _zp fvmaom

rusif[kef>apmufywfud k @SmESi f ht_ym;vd kufuyfum ususee7ufay;

vd kufonf? rusif[ke fwud k<fvH k ; wkef7ifoGm;onf? xd ktcs de fr Smyif

7efyd ki fp d k ;u olh7nf;pm;aumifrav;>zifayguf0wGif vD;awhaxmufum

zdxd k ;xnf hvd kufonf? odyfrjurf;yg? cyfomom| cyf_znf;_znf;av;

oGi f ;vd kuf_ci f ; _zp fonf? apmapmyd ki f ;u ode f ;atmifausm f ususee

qGwfxm;onf h au0d ki f~ s<fvDrsm;u rusi f[ke f>ptd k0wGi fomru

zifacgif;xJwGifyg tES H hp d kIacsmrGwfae7m vD;'pfjuD;onf zifaygufxJod k h

w_znf;_znf;csif; wd k;0ifonf? wif;juyfaomfvnf; odyftm;pd kufp7m

rvd k? onfjum;xJwGi f a':wifrm0if;>apmufywf7ufay;rS Kajumif h

t7omawGhzDvifwufvmaomrusif[kefu zifjuD;ud kvSKyfcg<rf;vd kuf7m

tvdkufoif haumhwGef;ay;ovdk_zpfv#uf vD;t0ifyd ktqifa_yonf?

od k haomf <ckrSpwifvD;toGif;cH7onfh Øtys d Kpifzif× uav;rd k h

wif;juyfr S Kuawmh t_ynf h@ S daeonf? rusif[ke fr Sm pyfzsi f ;zsi f ;E Si f h

emonf? toGi f ;ni fom_znf ;aE S ;r S KE Si f h apmufywft7ufc H7_ci f ;r S

345

t7omawG hr S Kw d k hajumi f h c HE d li f7nf@ S daeonf? t7omyi fawG hovd k

_zpfaeonf?

wtdtdxd k ;oGi f ;vd kuf7m 7efy d ki fp d k ;>vD;'p fjuD; rusi f[ke f>

apmufywfxJ_rKyf0ifoGm;avonf?

Þ 'pfawmh zifxJ0ifoGm;_yD? emvm; usifusif- - ß

7efyd ki fp d k ;uqufroGif;ao;yJ tom7yfxm;_yD; aumifrav;ud k

ar;vd kufonf?

Þ [if h[if h- -wpfqd k hqd k hjuD; ud kud k&<f ß

rusif[kefu nnf;oHav;ESif h _yefa_zonf?

Þ xyfxd k ;oGif;r<faemf usifusif- - ß

Þ tif;- -oGif;av? odyfawmh rjurf;e J haemf ß

Þ pdwfcsyg- - ß

Þ Aspfbkbk- - ß

346

Þ tm;- -uÈwfuÈwfuÈwf- - ß

Þ emoGm;vm; ß

Þ zif0 enf;enf;us de f ;w<fud kud k7m? 7ygw<f? qufom

oGif;yg- -td k;- -td k;- - ß

aemufqH k;toHrsm;u a':wifrm0if;u apmufaphud k@ Smzsm;ESi f h

tyDxdk;7ufvdkufaomajumifh rusif[keft7omawGhum _rnfwrf;vdkufoH

rsm;_zpfonf?

7efyd ki fp d k ;uvnf; olhaumifrav;cHEd li fr Se f ;odI vD;ud kqufzdxd k ;

oGi f ;onf? vD;acsmi f ; juD ;onf usO f ; juyfaomzi facgi f ;aygufxJod k h

wtdtdESi f hwd k ;0ifaeonf? vD;yd k0ifvmav| zifaygufESi f hjuyfvmavrd k h

7efyd ki fp d k ;r Sm yd kItm;pd kufumxdk;oGif;7onf? ieJom;>ezl;wGif acÈ;av;

rsm;yifpd k hIvmonf? t_yifwGifusefaeao;aom vD;wefvH k;ywft7if;yd ki f;

bufwGif t7pfi<fav;rsm;ay:vmonf? 7efyd ki fp d k ;u au0d ki f~s<fvDbl;

udkvSrf;<lum t_yifbufwGifusefaeao;aom ol>vD;wefvHk;ywft7if;ydkif;

ay:wGif!SpfcsI qDxyfokwfonf? _yD;rS qufxd k;oGif;onf? qDokwf

xm;aomajumif h t0ifuyd kacsmonf? odk haomf zif0uusOf;juyfvSaom

ajumif h wif;juyfwpfqd k hr S Kuawmh yd kIvmonf?

347

rusif[kefr Sm wtif htif h | wuÈwfuÈwfnnf;wGm;7if; zifxJ

vD;xd k ;oGif;aerSKud k wifav;aumhumcHaeonf? ppfueJppfueJemjuif

oGm;r S Konf vD;y d k0i fvmav|y d k _yi f ; _yvmavav_zp fonf? wbuf

wGifvnf; zDvifuyd kvd k hwufvmonf? a':wifrm0if;onf rusif[kef>

apmufywfud k ususee7ufae@k Homru Ed k hoD;rsm;ud kvnf; wpfvSnfpD

vSrf;qG JIqGJay;yGwfay;aeonf? rusif[kefrSm wcgrStvdk;rcHzl;ao;aom

zifaygufxJod k h vD;acsmif;juD;wd k;0ifvmrSKajumif h ememjuifjuif_zpf7rSK |

apmufywfESif hEd k hoD;acgif;rsm; 7ufay;qGJay;cH7onfhtwGuf t7omawGhrSK

zifxJ0ifa7muf@S dae_yD;_zpfaom vD;'pfyd ki f ;>wif;wif;juyfjuyfxdawGhr S K

paomxl;_cm;aomt7omrsdK;pH ka7m_yGrf;cHpm;7um rjuHKzl;aomumrt7om

udkc H7v#uf pdwfaZmawGt7rf;t7rf;ud kxefvmavawmhonf?

Þ oGi f ;y gu d ku d k7 J h - -ud ku d k hv D ; ju D ;u d k uÈe frzi fay gu fx J

tukef0ifoGm;atmif xd k;oGif;vd kufprf;yg- -[if h[if h[if h ß

r<HkEd li fp7myg? rusif[kef>yg;pyfrSxd kpum;rsm;onf tvdkvd kyif

xGufIoGm;onf? olr>umr7rufaoG;om;rsm;u ziftvd k ;c H7r S K>

emjui fr S K a7maE Smaomt7omud k E Sp foufoabmuso Gm ; _y D _zp f7m

xd kaoG ;om;qENwd k h> v$r f ;r d k ;w d ku fwGe f ;r S Kajumi f h rusi f[ke fonf

a_ymxGufrnf[kpdwfyifrul;rdaom xdkpum;rsm;ud k tirf;r7yifa_ymqd k

vd kufrdonf?

348

xdkod k ha_ymqd kvk duf_y D ;r S rdr dud k<fr dr dyif tH hjooGm;7onf?

xd kpum;rsm;ud kjum;vd kuf7aom 7efyd ki fp d k ; | a':wifrm0if;E Si f h ab;rS

ususeexdkifum aoaocsmcsmrsufaphpm;yG Jxd ki faeaom odef;atmifausmf

wd k hy g tH h jooGm;7ayonf? rusi f[ke fonf xd ktmomir f ;ir f ;E Si f h

wpfwpfcGcGa_ymqdkvmvdrf hrnf[k olwdk hrxifxm;juyg? zifxJvD;xdk;oGif;

r S Kud k wtD;tD;wtm;tm;atmf[pfnnf;!l7if; emjuifpGmcH7rnf[kom

xifaecJ hjuonf?

rusif[kefonf yg;pyfrSom 7rufaZm_yif;xefpGma_ymqd kaeonf

r[kwf? olr>wifyg;qH kjuD;ud kvnf; aemufod k haumhumyif hI wGef;vd kuf

avao;onf? xd ko d k hw Ge f ;v d ku fonf htcs de fw Gi f 7e fy d k i fp d k ;>vD ;r Sm

zifaygufxJod k h w0ufomomcef h _rKyf0ifae_yD;_zpfonf? zif0onfvnf;

yGi f hIaeav7m wifyg;juD;aemufod k haumhwGe f ;vd kufr S Kajumif h usefae

ao;aomvD;e ftyd ki f ;onfvnf; ptd kxJod k htukefyifwd k ;0ifoGm;avawmh

onf?

Þ tm;tm;- -0ifoGm;_yD;- -aumif;vd kufwm? [if h[if h[if h

td k ;td k ;- - ß

zifxJvD;0ifvmrS Kajumif h zifacgi f ;r Sm atmif hIyifoGm;onf?

'gayr<f hrusi f[ke fr Smawmh xd kod k hvD;wacsmi f ;vH k ;wd k ;0i fvmrS Kajumif h

emvnf;em| t7omvnf;t7rf;awG hum wcsD_y D;wcs D Ø_yD;× vkqJqJ

349

rde f;rom;wd k hxH k ;p Htwd ki f; wudk<fvH k ;wGef hvdefvSKyf@ Sm;vmum umrqdyf

awGt7rf;wufvmv#uf wifyg;juD;ud ka@S hwd k ;aemufiifcyfjurf;jurf;yif

vS Ky f@ Sm;aqmif hwGe f ;onf? 7efy d ki fp d k ;u taxGtxl;raqmif h7ygy JE Si f h

vD;acsmif;juD;onf zifaygufxJwd k;0ifvmvdkuf| zifacgif;xJrS_yefxGuf

oGm;vd kufESi f h 0ifxGufvSKyf@ Sm;aeonf?

rusif[kef>ziftvSKyfjurf;rS Kajumif h atmufrSa':wifrm0if;rSm

aumifrav;>apmufywfud k yg;pyftyfum7ufay;vd k hyi fr7Ed li fawmhy J

tvGJvG Jtacsmfacsm f _zpfukefonf? yg;pyfESi f hapmufywfESKwfcrf;om;rsm;ud k

[d k[d konfonfxdrd7ufrdonf?

tH htm;oif hovdk_zpfoGm;aom7efyd ki fp d k ;vnf; txmaygufoGm;um

rusif[kef>zifud k cyfjurf;jurf;yifaqmif hvd k ;ay;avonf? 7efyd ki fp d k ;>

taqmif hESi f h rusif[kefzifaumhwGef;vSKyf@Sm;rS Krsm;tHus_zpf7m rusif[kef

y d kIt7om@S donf? xd kajumif h oH k ;c sufr#omaqmif hvd kuf7onfwGi f

aumifrav;rSm wcsD Ø_yD;× oGm;7avawmhonf?

Þ tm;- -tm;- -aumif;vd kufwm- -tm; xGufukef_y Dud kud k7 J h

uÈefrapmufywfxJut7nfawG t7rf;xGufukef_y D? atmifr<fav;av;

zifcH7wm tDpdrf haewmygyJvm; ß

rusif[kefr Sm atmf[pfa7@Gwf_yD; a_cypfvufypfyif _idr fusoGm;

350

onf? zifxJvD;acsmif;juD;xd k ;oGif;xm;7ufwef;vef;juD;rd k h olr>wifyg;

juD;uawmh aumhaxmifIaeonf?

apmu f7n f junfaw Gx Gu fwmuawm h a _ymraeE S i f h awm h ?

rusi f[ke fr Sm 7e fy k di fp d k ;E Si f ho de f ;atmi fausm fwd k hE Sp fa<mufvd k ;wmud k

c Hz l; _y D;onfrd h k Ø_yD;× cJ honfhtawGhtjuHKuawmh tawmfyif@ S dc J honf?

'gayr<fh apmufywftvdk;cH7I Ø_yD;× cJ h7rS KESi f h ziftaqmfcH7rSKajumif h

Ø _y D;× cJ h7rS Kwd k hr Sm qef husifuG J _ym;ay7m| wrlqef;aomzDvift7omudk

c Hpm;ae7onf? 'gajumif hvnf; apmuf7nftxGufyd krsm;onf?

rusif[ke f>apmufywfxJr SxGufvmaom apmuf7nfrsm;onf

atmufbufwGifyufvufvSefv#uf@S daeol a':wifrm0if;>rsufESmay:od k h

awmufawmuf<d kusonf?

7e fy d ki fp d k ;uawmh okwf7nfrxGufao;yg? od k haom f r dr d>

7nf;pm;aumifrav; zifvd k ;c H7_yD;wcs D Ø_yD;× oGm;ajumif;em;vnfonfh

twGuf tvd kufodp Gmyi f rusi f[ke f>zifxJr Sol>vD;acsmi f ;juD;ud k

qG Jxkwfvd kufonf?

Þ _yGwfbkbk- -AspfAspfAspf- - ß

vD;uÈwfoGm;aomptd kaygufxJrS toHrs d K ;p H k _rnfonf? zifaxmif

351

v#ufom;@S daeaomrusif[kefr Smvnf; wpfvpf_zpfaeaomvD;acsmif;juD;

uÈwfoGm;aomtcg ab;bufodk h<d kifIvJusonf? yufvufvSefv#ufom;

@ S daeaoma':wi frm0i f ;onf csufc si f ;yi fv l ;vJxum 7e fy d ki fp d k ;>

a@S harSmufwGif' l;wkwfum zifylawmif;axmifay;vd kufonf?

Þ wdk hud k zifcsprf;yg7efyd ki fp d k ;7<f? zifvd k ;ay;prf;yg ß

yg;pyfuvnf; tarmwaumyifa_ymvd kufonf?

odef;atmifausmf ususeezifvd k ;ay;xm;cJ hr S Kajumif h a':wifrm

0if;onf zifZdrfcHwwfaeonf? zifvdk;cH7rSK>t7omudkvnf; aumif;aumif;

o daeonf? olr>a@ S har SmufwGi f rusi f[ke fwa<mufzi fvd k ;c H7i f ;

z Dvi fawGt_ywfwufum Ø_y D ; × oGm;c J h7r S Konf a':wifrm0i f ;ud k

zif<m;vmaponf? zifvd k ;c Hcsifp dwfawG tirf;r7_zpfay:vmaponf?

7e fy d ki fp d k k ;r Smvnf; tpu zifvd k ;z d k ho de f ;atmi fausm favmuf

0 goemry gc J h aom fvnf ; <c k zi fv d k ;7onf ht7omud ko do Gm ; _y Dr d k h

bmr#a_ymraeawmhyJ olha@S harSmufwGifzifaxmifumukef;ay;xm;avaom

a':wifrm0if ;>ptd k0wGi f vD;awhaxmufvd kufonf? a':wifrm0if ;

uvnf; olr>zifom;juD;rsm;ud k 7uf7ufa7ma7myif qGJ_z Jay;onf?

352

7efy d ki fp d k ;onf apmapmu rusif[ke fud kvd k ;xm;c J honf ht@S de f

uvnf;wufae7m vD;awh_yD;onfESif h cyfjurf;jurf;yifaqmih foGif;

vkdufonf? a':wifrm0if;rSm odef;atmifausmfzifvdk;wmcHxm;zl;_yD;ajumif;

odonfhtwGuf _znf;_znf;vkyfraeawmh? pdwfjudKufzdxd k ;oGif;vd kuf_cif;

_zpfonf?

zifvd k;c Hz l;aoma':wifrm0if;>ptdk0rSm tvdkufoif hz Gi f hay;wwf

aeonf? xdk h_yif apmapmyd kif;wkef;u zifESif hapmufywfwdk hud k vD;ESpfacsmif;

ESif h _yd Kifwlvd k;cHcJ h7wkef;u okwfvdrf;xm;cJ haomau0dkif~s<fvDrsm;uvnf;

@S daeonf? 7efyd ki fp d k ;>vD;uvnf; rusif[kefud kzifvd k ;c J hpOfu qDrsm;

ayusHumacsma_ymifaeonf? 'gajumif h aqmih fxd k ;oGif;vd kufaomtcg

vD;wacsmif;vH k;yif zifaygufxJtukefwd k;0ifonf?

Þ atmifr<fav;- -jurf;vScsnfvm; 7efyd ki fp d k ;7 J h ß

a':wifrm0if;>ptdk0usdef;pyfum zifacgif;atmifhoGm;aomajumifh

atmfvd kufrdonf? 7efyd ki fp d k ;uawmh vHk;0r!Smyg? zifxJvD;wd k ;0ifoGm;

onfE Si f h wtm;yi faqmi f hv d k ;avawmhonf? rusi f[ke fE Si f hw ke f ;u

cs d Kxm;cJ hor# <cktm;ukefxkwfoH k ;um pdwfjudKufvd k ;onf? a':wifrm

0if;r Sm vD;xd k ;oGi f ;wmcHvd kuf7cs de fu xH k ;p Htwd ki f ;emjuifvSIatmfr d

aomfvnf; w7jurf;aqmif hvd k ;vmaomtcgwGifawmh cg;ud kaumhum

353

zifjuD;ud kaxmifEd li fr#axmifIay;onf? xdktcg olr>udk<ftay:yd ki f;rSm

atmufod k h yd ky d kIyd_ym;oGm;onf?

rusif[ke fonf aygifum;v#uf_i dr foufpGm@S dae7m tajumif;

wd kufqd ki fp Gmyif a':wifrm0if;>rsufESmonf rusif[kef>aygifjum;ESif h

odyfruGm? rusif[kef>apmufywfrSm w7a[mxGufxm;aomapmuf7nf

junfrsm; p d k@ $ JIaeonf? a':wifrm0i f ;onf junf h7i f ;p dwfxJu

<m;usdus d _zpfvmav7m 7efyd ki fp d k ;aqmif hvd k ;wmcH7if;u rusif[kef>

apmufywfud k tm;7yg;7yifukef;I7ufay;avawmhonf?

apmu fyw ft7ufc H7r S K a jumi f h a _cyp fvufyp f _zp faeaom

rusif[kef vl;vl;vGef hvGef h _yef_zpfvmonf? a':wifrm0if;> aumhaxmif

ay;xm;aomzi f ju D ;u d k tm;7y g ;7aqmi f hv d k ;aeaom 7e fy d k i fp d k ;r S m

ru si f[ k e fwa<mu f apmu fyw ft7u fc H ae7r S Ku d k txufp D ; r S

aumif;aumif;_rifae7onf? xdk_rifuGif;ud kjunfh7if; a':wifrm0if;ud k

wtm;ukefzifaqmfaeavawmhonf?

Þ bGyfbkbk- -bGyfbGyfbGyf- - ß

Þ atmifr<fav;- -7efyd ki fp d k ;7 J h? aumif;vd kufwm- -aqmif h

- -aqmif h- -zdaqmif h- -tm; tm;- -wu<fxdw<f- -xdw<f?

zifxJ t_ynfh0ifw<f? tDpdrf haewmyJ- -tm; tm;- - ß

354

Þ bGyfbkbk- -bGyfbGyfbGyf- - ß

Þ 7ufyg wDcs<f7J h- -taphud k- -taphud k- -[kwf_yD- -

tm;- -tm;- - ß

Þ bGyfbkbk- -bGyfbGyfbGyf- - ß

Þ zifjuD;aumhxm; q7mr? [kwf_yD- - ß

zifxJvD;aqmif hoGi f ;oH| apmufywfud k@ SmESi f h7ufoH| zifvd k ;c H

a':wifrm0if;> tirf;r7yGi f htH _rnfwrf;oH| tzkwf7ufc Hae7avol

rusif[kef> tmomirf;irf;_zpfaeoH| zifaqmfaeol7efyd ki fp d k ;>a_ymoH

wd k hu yJ hwifxyfr#ay:xGufaeonf?

355

oH k ;O D ;o H k ; zv S< f [e fc su fn Dn D@ S d ae ju7m rjumr Dr S myi f

oH k ;a<mufvH k; _yd Ki fwl Ø_yD;× oGm;juavonf?

zifvd k ;aeol7efyd ki fp d k ;u t7if Ø_yD;× onf? olhvD;acsmif;juD;ud k

a':wifrm0if;>apmufywfxJ tqHk;xd k ;oGif;_yD; okwf7nfawGwyspfyspf

ye f ;xkwfay;vd kufonf? yl ;aE G ;y sp fc È Jaomokwf7nfrsm; zi facgi f ;xJ

euf@S d Kif;pGmwdk;0ifa7mufatmif yef;xnfhvdkufonfhtcsdefwGif rusif[kef>

apmufywfud k wtm;ukefukef;7ufay;vd kuf7m rusif[kefwa<mufvnf;

Ø_y D; × oGm;7_yefavawmhonf? oH k;a<mufom; Ø_yD;× oGm;rS Kajumif h

wtD;tD;wtm;tm;atmf[pfvd kufoHrsm;onf {nfhcef;xJwGif yJ hwifxyf

oGm;avawmhonf?

q7mra':wifrm0if ; | 7efy d ki fp d k ;E Si f hrusi f[ke fwd k h oH k ;a<muf

pyf<Sufaysmf_rL;aejurSKrSm txl;yif7ruf_yif;xefum junfhaumif;vS

ay7m ode f ;atmi fausm fonf ab;r Sususeexd ki f junf haec J honf?

junfhaumif;vSonfhtwGuf tcs de fud kyifowdr7Ed li fawmh? pyf<Sufol

oH k ;a<mufvH k; Ø_yD;× ukefjuaomtcgrS odef;atmifausmfr Sm tcs de fud k

owd7Iem7Djunfhvd kuf7m (12)em7D (35)rdepfyif@S daeonfud k awGh7

avawmhonf?

Þ b<ffvd kvJ7efyd ki fp d k ;? zd kuf7wm rd kuf7J hvm; ß

356

odef;atmifausmfu xdki fae7mrSxum ar;vd kufonf?

Þ at;avuGm tyDyJ? tcsde faum aph_yDvm; ß

7e fy d ki fp d k ;u ez l ;w Gi fp d k h aeaomacÈ ;ay gufr sm ;ud kvufzr d k ;E Si h f

okwfypf7if; ar;onf?

Þ ap h@ k Hwi frubl;? q<f hi g ;r dep fawmi fr S y d kp Ge f ;ae_y D ?

rif;t@S de fysufoGm;rSmpd k ;vd k h igu bmrSra_ymyJ _yD;wJ htxdjunfhaewm ß

a' :wi f rm0i f ; | rusi f[ k e fw d k h E S p f a<mu fE S i f h 7e f y d k i f p d k ;

tyDt_yifzd kufaeonfud k junfhaumif;aumif;ESi f hjunfhrdI tcsde fukef

oGm;onfud kyif rodvd kufaomt_zpfud k odef;atmifausmfur~Fvm<lum

a_ymvd kufavao;onf?

Þ at;uGm- -aus;Zl;ygyJ- - ß

vkyfaumif;wke f; wd k hvd k hwef;vef;7yfrypf7yJ Ø_yD; × onftxd

zd kufcJ h7aomajumif h auseyfaeaom7efyd ki fp d k ;u _yefa_ymonf?

Þ ig htvSnf hus7ifvnf; tcs de fy d kay;oif hay; [kwfvm;- - ß

357

Þ 7ygw<fuGm- - ß

trs d K ;or D ;E Sp fa<mufud k y<fy<fe<fe<fvd k ;c J h7r S Ka jumi f h

tawm fyi fye f ;aeaom7e fy d ki fp d k ;uvnf; ol k hw Gufude f ;E Si f ho l _ye fa _ym

v d ku fon f ? o de f ; atmi f ausm fu d k tc s d e f y d k ay ;v d ku f _ ci f ;tm ; _zi f h

ol htwGufvnf; em;cs de f7um| aemufwcsDxyfzd kufEd li fzd k h tm;_ynfhvmrnf

r[kwfygvm;?

Þ [kwf_yD- -'Dvd kr Sayg huG- - ß

Þ udki f;- -tcsde fprSwfr<f ß

Þ aetkef;? rrSwfeJ htke f;? ig _yifqifp7mav;awGvkyfvd kuf

tkef;r<f? wu<fpzd kufawmhrS prSwf? ud ki f;- -q7mr a7- -

q7mr7 J hvu fp G J awm fb d k i fba7wmju D ;u d k o G m ;< lv d ku f y gt k e f ; ?

tJ'gjuD;ud k toHk;csp7m@S dw<f ß

odef;atmifausmfonf 7efyk di fp d k ;E Si f ha_ymae7mrS q7mra':wifrm

0if;ud k qufIa_ymvd kufonf?

qd kz gc ke fab;jurf ; _yi fay:wGi f arm[k dufp GmvS Javsmi f ;ae7mr S

a':wifrm0if;onf rxcsifxcsifESif hxum olr>umra_zazsmufrSKtwGuf

358

(<cifu)oHk;cJhaombdkifba7wmudk oGm;<lay;7avonf? odef;atmifausmf

wd k hE Si f hz d kuf7onfhaemufyd ki f ;wGif a':wifrm0if;onf xdkbd ki fba7wmudk

odyfroH k ; _zpfawmhyg? bmajumif hbd ki fba7wm<lcd ki f ;r Se f ; a':wifrm0if;

rod? umrrSKwGifuÈrf;usifvSolodef;atmifausmfu wrltqef;xGiftkef;

r Smawmh aocsmaeygonf?

Þ ud ki f;- -7efyd ki fp d k ;? tcs de fprSwfawmh ß

q7mra':wifrm0i f ; bd ki fba7wmud k<lvmay; _y D ;aomtcg

odef;atmifausmfu a_ymvd kufonf?

r dr dwd k htwGuf tvd k ;c HZmwfvrf; wpcef ;quf7awmhrnfud k

trs d K ;orD;ESp fa<mufvH k;odjuonf? olwd k hE Sp fa<mufvH k;r Sm odef;atmif

ausm fzi fvd k ;wma7m| 7e fy d ki fp d k ;zi faqmfwma7m qufwd kufqd kovd k

cHcJhju7aomajumifh zifcH7wm ydkt7omawGhonfrSmrSefaomfvnf; <cktcg

zifaygufrsm;us de f ;pyfaejuav7m zifvd k ;c H7rSmud kajumufaejuonf?

odef;atmifausmfonf zifvd k ;wmoabmus0goemygvSajumif; odxm;

onfhtwGufvnf; <ckwpcef;qufonfhtcg rdrdwd k hud kzifvd k ;tkef;r SmyJ

[kawG ;um tvd kvd k juufoD ;xaeonf? txl;o_zi f h apmapmu

ode f ;atmi fausm fzi fvd k ;wmc Hv#ufwef ;vef ; tcs de fap hI tenf;i<f

oufom7m7cJ havaomrusif[kefu yd kIajumufae@Smonf?

359

'gayr<fhtrs d K ;orD;ESp fa<mufonf bmr#awmha_ymqd kawmif;yef

_ci f ;r_y kjuyg? ode f ;atmifausm fud k awmif;ye fI7rnfr[kwfajumif;

em;vnfonf? awmif;yefumrS yd k _y D ;jurf;jurf;wrf;wrf;vkyfvmv#if

y d kqd k ;rnfr[kwfygvm;?

o de f ;atmi fausm fu qd kz gc k e fwc kay:w Gi f tp Ge f ;ab;em ;Y

wifyg;wifumxdki fvd kufonf? atmufod k hcsxm;aoma_caxmufESpfacsmif;

ud kcy fum;um;vky fxm;onf? ol>aygi fc Gjum;r SvD;acsmi f ;juD;uawmh

rwfrwfjuD;awmifv#uf? _yD;awmh trs d K ;orD;ESp fa<mufud k bmawG

vkyf7rnfqd konfud ka_ymonf? odef;atmifausmfa_ymqdkapck di f;vd kufaom

pum;rsm;onf ajumufvef haeaoma':wifrm0i f ;E Si f hrusi f[ke fwd k hud k

y d kI7ifzd koGm;aponf?

trs d K ;orD;E Sp fa<mufonf odef;atmifausmfvd kcsi fonf htwd ki f ;

vSKyf@Sm;vkyfaqmifju7avonf?

t7ifqHk;rusif[kefonf odef;atmifausmf>aygifcGqH kem;wGifcGum

aqmifhajumifhruswustaetxm;_zifhxdkif7onf? olr>'l;acgif;ESpfckonf

qd kzm>tud ki fae7mtp Ge f ;u d k tm; _y Kaxmufxm;7onf? _y D ;awm h

odef;atmifausmf>iyJjuD;ud k nmvuf_zif hqkyfud ki fqG J<l_yD; apmufywf

t0wGifawh7onf? tzkwftuGJajumif;ud k vD;xdyf_zif h av;ig;csufr#

yGwfay;7avao;onf? _yD;awmhrS apmufacgif;0wGifawhum wifyg;qH k

360

jud;ud katmufod k hz dcs7onf? TwGif vD;acsmif;juD; apmufzkwfxJod k h

_rKy fIwd k ;0ifonf?

wi f ; juy fp D ;y d k i f aom xd kv D ;w d k ;0i fr S K>txdtawG ha jumi f h

rusif[kefrSm juufoD;rsm;yif wzsef;zsef;xoGm;7avonf? vD;t0ifwGif

odef;atmifausmfu rusif[kef>ptd k0ud k vuf!S d K ;xdyf_zif hvSrf;ud ki fum

yGwfwd kufonf?

Þ td k;- -tarh- - ß

y<fy<fe< fe< ftvd k ;c Hxm ;7 _y D ;I us d e f ; py faeaompt d k0

ty Gw fc Hv d ku f7avaomtc g rusi f[e fr S m py fz s i f ; z s i f ; e mv #u f

wifyg;juD;wGef hcgoGm;onf? zifwGef hcg<rf;vd kufrS Kajumif h apmufacgif;xJ

w0ufausmfausmf0ifae_yD_zpfaomvD;acsmif;juD; uÈwfxGufonf?

Þ [m- -vD;uÈwfoGm;_yD? eif hzifjuD;u t7r;fcgvd kufwmudk;

uJ- -_ye foGi f ;<l k ? tqH k ;txd0i foGm;atmi f wcgwnf;z dc svd kuf?

[kwfvm;- - ß

ode f ;atmifausm fu xd kod k ha_ym_y D ; rusi f[ke f>ptd kaygufud k

vuf!S d K;xdyfESi f h cyfzdzdav;xd k;uvdvd kufonf?

361

Þ tm;- -emw<f@Si f h ß

Þ ei fuvJ- -vuf!S d K ;x dy fav;e J hx d k ;uvdwmrsm ; emae

7ao;w<f- - ß

Þ [dk- -[kd- - zif0usde f;aevd k hyg- - ß

Þ uJ- -vD;oGif;<lav- - ß

Þ [kwf- -[kwfuJ h- -oGif;<lyg hr<f ß

rusif[kefonf odef;atmifausmfESi f hvd k ;7wm zDvifwuft7om

awGhonfrSe faomfvnf; odef;atmifausmf>cyfjurf;jurf;Ed li fxufpD;eif;

v ky f aqmi fy H k r s m ;u d k awm h ve f hIaey gonf ? o de f ; atmi f ausm f>

zifvd k ;jurf;rS Kud kawmh tajumufqH k;yif?

Þ AspfbGyfbGyfbGyf- - ß

rwd k ;rus< ftoHav; _rn fum vD ;ac smi f ; ju D ;wac smi f ;v H k ;

apmufacgif;aygufxJtukef0ifonf? apmufzkwfxJvD;tukef0ifoGm;atmif

z doGi f ;csvd kufonf htwGuf rusif[ke f>zifonf tvdkvd kyifaemufod k h

cyfaumhaumh_zpfoGm;7m ptd kaygufwGifxd k ;uvdonfhvufacsmif;xdyfud k

362

zdwGef;vd kufovdkrs d K ; _zpfum zifaygufxJod k hvnf; vD;acsmif;juD;tqHk;yif

wd k ;0ifoGm;avonf?

Þ tm;- -uÈwfuÈwfuÈwf- - ß

emvnf;em| aumif;vnf;aumif;| ESpfrs d K ;aomtm@k Hud k yl;wG J

c Hpm;vd kuf7onfhtwGuf rusif[kef>yg;pyfrS pkwfoyfnnf;!loH_yKrd

onf?

rusi f[ke fu apmufywfxJvD;acsmi f ;juD;0i fatmif tay:r S

zdxd k ;oGif;vd kufonfhtcs de fwGif q7mra':wifrm0if;rSm odef;atmifausmf

>b<fbufab;em;wGiftwl<SOfI aygifud kum;_yD; rdrd>apmufywfud k

bd ki fba7wm_zif h xd k;uvdae7avonf?

apmufywfxJvD;wacsmif;vH k;0ifatmifxd k;oGif;_yD;I rusif[kefu

rdrd>wifyg;ud k juGwif_yefcsvSKy f@ Sm;um tay:rSz djudwfvd k ;ay;onfh

tcgwGifawmh odef;atmifausmfu a':wifrm0if;>yckef;udktomvSrf;ykwfum

tcsufay;vdkufonf? rusif[kef>ptdkxJxdk;uvdaeaom ol>vufacsmif;

ud k _yefxkwfvd kufonf? odef;atmifausmf>yg;pyfuawmh rusif[kef>

nmbufEd k hoD;ud k ukef;Ipd k honf?

363

a':wifrm0if;onf xd ki fae7mrSud k<fud ktoma@S hod k hud ki f ;vd kuf

onf? bdkifba7wmudkvnf; rdrd>apmufywfrS cGmz<f<lonf? _yD;awmh

rusif[kef>ptd k0ud k bd ki fba7wm_zif hvSrf;Ixd k;uvday;onf? zif0ud k

xd k ;r davwdki f; rusif[kefr Sm wGef hueJwGef hueJ_zpfonf?

Þ zi fx Ju d k b d k i fba7wmx d k ;o G i f ;v d ku f av q7mr7 J h ?

t0rSmyJawh_yD; yGwfay;raeeJ h- - ß

odef;atmifausmfu rusif[kef>Ed k hoD;ud kp d k hae7mrS tomcGm_yD;

a_ymonf? _yD;awmh aumifrav;>b<fbufEd k hoD;ud k a_ymif;Ipd k honf?

Þ _znf;_znf;oGif;ygaemf wDcs<f- - ß

rusif[kefu olr>zifaygufxJ bd ki fba7wmxdk;oGif;awmhrnf h

q7mra':wifrm0if;ud k toHwkefwkefav;_zif h vSrf;a_ymonf? b0wlvd k

_zpfaeaom q7mra':wifrm0if;rSm rusif[kefb<fvd kc Hpm;ae7rnfud k

em;vnfonf? olrud k<fwd ki fvnf; odef;atmifausmfESi f hcyfjurf;jurf;

zifvd k ;r S KE Si f h 7efyd ki fp d k ;>zifaqmfrS Kwd k hud k qufwd kufcHpm;xm;7I zif0

usde f;pyfae7m rdrdenf;wlrusif[kefr Smvnf; zifus de f;aernfud kodonf?

rusif[kef>zifxJ bdkifba7wmxdk;xnfhay;7rSmudk oem;ovdkvdk_zpfonf?

' gayr<f holrtae_zi f h ode f ;atmi fausm fa _ymxm;ovd kvky fay;7r Smr d k h

rusif[kefud koem;aomfvnf; rwwfEd li f?

364

Þ pdwfcs- -cyf_znf;_znf;yJ xd k;xnfhay;r<f? zifaygufud kom

zGif hay;xm;- - ß

a':wifrm0if;u xdkodk ha_ym_yD; rusif[kef>ptdkxJodk h bdkifba7wm

ud ktomxd k ;oGi f ;onf? rusi f[ke fr Sm xGe f hxGe f hvl ;atmifyi femonf?

temoufomvd koufom_im; zi fay gu fy d ky Gi f h atmi f wi fy g ; ju D ;u d k

cyfaumhaumhvkyfay;xm;vd kufonf? xdkod k hzifud kaumhay;xm;vd kufonfh

twGuf vD;r Smtz kwfxJr S oH k ;y H kE Sp fy H komomavmufuÈwfxGufum

onftwdki f;wpfvpfjuD;_zpfIaeavonf?

Þ [dwf- -usi fusi f ? zi f juD ;bm_zp fvd k h _i dr fxm;7wmvJ?

aumif;aumif;vSKyf_yD; zdjudwfay;prf;yg- - ß

rusif[kef>wifyg;qH kjuD; xufatmufjuGedrf hvSKyf@ Sm;ay;rS KESi f h

twl apmufywfx Jv D ;ac smi f ; ju D ; wd k ;0i f _ye fx Gu f _zp faeonfud k

z Dvif<lZ dr fc Haeaomode f ;atmifausm fu pd k hay;aomEd k hoD ;ud k yg;py fr S

xkwf_y D ;a_ymonf?

Þ [dk- -[dk- -zifxJ bdkifba7wmoGif;wm tqifa_yatmifvd k h

aumhay;xm;wmyg? c^av;apmif hyg@Si f- - ß

rusif[kefu uref;uwef;a_ym@Smonf?

365

Þ [m- -zifxJ bd ki fba7wmxdk;oGif;wm 'Davmufawmif

jumae7ovm;? _ref_refoGif;av? 'DrSm zDvifwufaewkef; t_ywf

atmufwmyJ- - ß

odef;atmifausmfu avmaqmfvd kuf7m| q7mra':wifrm0if;

r Smvnf; rwwfomawmhy J | bd ki fba7wmud k rusi f[ke f>ptd kx J

0ifoGm;atmif cyf_re f _re fav;xd k ;oGi f ;ay;vd kuf7m bd ki fba7wmonf

t7if;wd ki fa7mufvkvkyif 0ifoGm;avawmhonf?

t0ifacsmaomfvnf; 7uf7ufpufpuftvdk;cHxm;7onfhtwGuf

us de f ;py faeaomzifaygufr Sm emjuifoGm;onf htwGuf rusi f[ke fr Sm

atmf[pfvd kufrdonf? a':wifrm0if;rSm wynfhrav;ud kyif oem;Iyif

oGm;onf?

odef;atmifausmfuawmh enf;enf;av;rS r!Smwm?

Þ ud ki f ;- -bd ki fba7wm zifxJ0i foGm;7i f ei f hqH k juD ;ud k

vSKyfay;awmhav usifusif- - ß

a_yma_ymqd kqd katmufrSaeI zifa_ymifjuD;ud kqwfueJyif hwif

ay;vd kuf7m vD;acsmi f ; juD ;u apmufywfxJtqH k ;0i foGm;avonf?

366

rusif[kefc_rmrSmawmh apmufywfxJwGifvD;wacsmif;vHk;| zifaygufxJwGif

b d k i fba7wmwc kv H k ; E Sp fay gu fv H k ;t_ynf htody f _zi f h emvnf ;em |

aumif;vnf;aumif;| xl;_cm;aomt7omudkc Hpm;7um yg;pyfrSwtD;tD;

atmfrdonf? onfaemufwGufawmh rusif[kefonf zifjuD;ud kjuGvd kuf

e dr f hvd kufvS Ky f@ Sm;um zdjudwfvd k ;ay;onf? ode f ;atmifausm fuvnf;

atmufr Siy Jud k aumhaumhxd k ;wi fay;onf? a':wifrm0i f ;uawmh

b d ki fba7wmud k rusi f[ ke fzi fx J xd k ;o Gi f ; _ye fx kw fv ky fay;onf?

onfjum;xJ ode f ;atmi fausm f>vSr f ;vufu_ri f ; _ci f ;c H7ao;onf?

r dr d>Ed k htH kr sm; | wifyg;ud komru apmufywfud kyg ode f ;atmifausm f

vSr f ;ud ki fy GwfE S d KufE d li f7e f a':wifrm0i f ;u tvd kufoif haeay;7av

ao;onf?

rjumyg? rusi f[ ke fr Sm z Dvi fwufvmonf? emwmawG |

ajumufwmawG arhukefonf? w[if;[if;ESi f htzsm;wufovdk_zpfv#uf

367

tay:rSz dtjudwf yd koGufvmonf? vD;ESi f hvd k ;aeaomapmufywfa7m|

bd ki fba7wmESi f hxd k ;uvdaeaomptd kaygufwd k hyg ESp faygufvH k ;t7om@S d

aeonf?

Todkhrusif[kefzDvifwufum t7omawGhvmaomtcsdefwGifrSmyif

o de f ;atmi fausm fu aumi frav;ud k ol hu d k< fay:r Sz<fc GmwGe f ;yp f

vdkufonf?

Þ _yGwf- -zGwf- - ß

apmufywfxJrSvD;uÈwfxGufum rusif[kefab;udk<d kifoGm;onf?

a':wifrm0if;uvnf; bd ki fba7wmud kqG J _zKwfvd kuf7m zifaygufxJrS

b d k i fba7wmuÈwfx Gu fo Gm ;o H bGy fue J _rn fonf? rusi f[ ke f>

qyfwiH hi H hE Si f hrcsif hr7Ja7@Gwfvd kufoHrsm;uvnf; yJwifay:vmonf?

Þ vm- -q7mr ß

o de f ;atmi fausm fuvSr f ;ac: _y D ; a':wi frm0i f ;>vufx Jr S

bd ki fba7wmudkvnf; <lvd kufonf?

a':wifrm0if;onf odef;atmifausmf>tay:rScGum apmufywfxJ

vD;acsmif;juD;0ifoGm;atmif oGif;<lonf? <cka':wifrm0if;wuf7aom

368

taetxm;u apmapmu rusi f[ke fv ky fay;c J h7onfE Si f h rwly g ?

a_ymif ; _ye fqef husi fbuf_zpfonf? rusif[ke fu ode f ;atmifausm fE Si f h

rsufESmcsif;qd ki fum qdkzgaxmif hp Ge f;em;ud k 'l;acgif;cstm;_yK_yD; judwfvd k;

ay;cJ h7onf?

<c ka':wi frm0i f ;uawmh ode f ;atmi fausm fu d kausmay;um

vufud k jur f ; _yi fay:axmufI apmufywfxJvD ;0i fatmi fo Gi f ;< lI

zifvSKy fumjudwfvd k ;ay;7_cif;_zpfonf? apmufywfxJ vD;acsmif;juD;

wpfvpf_zpfv#uf odef;atmifausmf>a@S harSmufwGif zifukef;_yxm;7onfh

taetxm;rs d K ; _zpfaeonf? odef;atmifausmfuawmh a':wifrm0if;>

wi fy g ;q H k ju D ;u d k ud ki fw G<fy Gw foy fonf? zi fom;juD ;r sm ;u d k _z JI

ptd kaygufud k junf honf? xd kaemuf a':wifrm0i f ;>zifaygufxJod k h

bd ki fba7wmudkcyfjurf;jurf;| qwfueJxd k;oGif;vd kufavonf?

Þ tm; tm;- -aoyg_yD? t7rf;juD;yJ? emvd kufwm- - ß

a':wifrm0if; atmif hrcHEd li f? atmf[pfrdonf? xdktcs de fwGif

rusi f[ke fvnf; ode f ;atmi fausm f>b<fbufab;em;od k hw d k ;uy fum

yGwfoyfyGwfoyfvkyfay;7onf? odef;atmifausmfu tm;aeaomb<fvuf

_zif h aumifrav;ud kzufum Ed k hud ki fzify Gwfvkyfonf? apmufywfESi f h

ptd kwd k hud kvnf; eS d Kufvd kufavao;onf? xdk h _yif rdrd>rsufESma@S hem;wGif

aygifum;I7yfcd ki f ; _yD; apmufywfud kukef;7ufonf? a':wifrm0if;zifxJ

369

xd k ;xm;aombd ki fba7wmud kqG Jx kwf _y D ;aemuf rusi f[ke fud kay;um

udk<f hzifaygufud k<f_yefI xdk;uvdcd ki f;vd kufavao;onf?

7efyd ki fp d k ;r Smawmh xdk_rifuGif;rsm;ud kjunfh7if; zDvifawGwufum

vD;wefjuD; wef;ueJrwfawmifvm_yefavawmhonf?

qXryd ki f ;ar#m fy g?

370

Þ q7mrav;7<f wynfhrav;7<f(6) ß

odk haomf odef;atmifausmfvd k ;7ef tvSnf h<lxm;onfhtcs de fraph

ao;onfhtwGuf 7efyd ki fp d k ;r Sm vdk;yG Jr0ifEd li fao;? rwfawmifaeavaom

vD;acsmif;juD;ud k vuf_zif htomqkyfud kifum pdwfud kxdef;7if; rdrdtvSnfh

a7mufvmrnfhtcsdefudk apmifhae7onf? em7Dudkjunfhvdkuf| vdk;aeaqmfae

juavaom rde f ;rE Sp fa<mufE Si f ho de f ;atmi fausm fw d k hu d k junf hv d ku f

vkyfae7avonf?

vd k;csifumrS tcs de fuvnf; ukefcJvSonf? odef;atmifausmf

v d k ;z d k h ay;xm;aomtcs de fr Sm rap hE d li fatmi fyi f _zp faeonf? xd k h _yi f

apmapmyd kif;u rdrdtcsdefyd k<lum t_ywfvdk;cJ honfhtwGuf <ckodef;atmif

ausmf>tvSnf hwGif tcs de fy d kay;7zd k huvnf; @S dae_yefao;onf?

odef;atmifausmfuawmh aumif;aumif;juD;zDvif<lI umrt7om

cHpm;aeonf? ol ha_c7if ;bufod k hr sufE Smr lum a_ymif ; _ye fyi f7i f ;tae

txm;_zif h apmufywfxJvD;oGi f ;<lum zdjudwfvd k ;ay;ae7olq7mr

a':wifrm0if;>zifqH kjuD;ud k ud ki fqkyfe<fyGwfoyfonf? a':wifrm0if;

onf cyfukef;ukef;_yKum wifyg;qH kjud;vSKyfay;ae7onfrd k h zifom;_crf;

juD;rsm;u tdwif;aeonf? odef;atmifausmftae_zifh rdrd>vD;wefwav#muf

tay:od k ha _rmufwufvmvd kuf | atmuf_ye fy dusoGm;vd kuf _zp faeaom

371

a':wifrm0if;>apmufywfjuD; pD;pD;yd ki fy d ki fxdawG hyGwfwk dufrS Kud k cHpm;

7onfht_yif apmufywfxJvD;acsmif;juD; wd k;0if_yefxGufvSKyf@ Sm;aeyH k

ud kyg rsufaphESi f htyD_rifae7onf?

vD;juD;r Smapmuf7nfrsm;ayusHum qDokwfxm;ovd kp d kvufae

onf? a':wifrm0if;rSm w^SmjuD;aomrdef;rwa<mufyDyD vd k;onf

qdkonfESif h taoG;tom;awGqla0aomif;usefvmukefav7m apmufywf

xJrSapmuf7nfjunfrsm; yd kIyd kI @$rf;@$rf;pd katmifxGufonf? apmufywf

ESif h tay:atmufzduyfvSKyf@Sm;judwfvdk;ay;ae7onfhtaetxm;rd k h wdk;0if

_yefxGuf_zpfaeaomvD;acsmif;juD;u apmuf7nfjunfrsm;ud kcsLI<lae

onf?

apmuf7nfjunfrsm; vD;rSmyd kIpd konf? pd k@ k Homru? vD;wef

v H k ;ywfwav#mufyi f tenf ;i<f<d kp dr f h p D ;te fusvmavao;onf?

apmuf7nfjunfrsm; @ $r f ;@ $r f ;p d katmi fxGufaeonf hapmufywfjuD ;xJ

vD ;ac smi f ; ju D ;u d k wd k ;0i f _ye fx Gu fvS Ky f@ S m ;aeonf htoHr sm ;uvnf;

wbGwfbGwf|wAspfAspf _rnfaeavao;onf?

odef;atmifausmfu q7mra':wifrm0if;>zifqHkjuD;udk udkifwG<f

zspf!Spfqkyfe<fyGwfoyf@k Homr[kwf? zifom;juD;ESpf_crf;ud kyg _zJI_zJI

junf haeavao;onf? zif _z Jvd kufwd ki f ; zi fjum;r Sptd kaygufav;u

_y JI_y JItmxGufvmonf? r dr dy<fy<fe<fe<fvd k ;xm;c J h _y D ; _zp faom

372

zifaygufplav;udk odef;atmifausmfut7omcHum junfhaeavao;onf?

rdr dvd k ;xm;cJ honfh'^fajumif h ptd kaygufv; eDwDwDESi f ha<mifovdkvd k

@ S daeyH kud kawG h7awmh ieJom;oabmtusjuD;usum wHawG;yifuÈif hueJ

rs d Kcsrdonf?

Þ usi fusi f- -ei f h zi fu d k b d k i fba7wme J hx d k ;uvdaewm

igaoaocsmcsm_rifcsifw<f? ususeeukef;_yD; vkyf_yprf;- - ß

r dr dE Si f hv d k ;aeol a':wi frm0i f ;>zi fu d k _z J junf h@ k H E Si f h yi f

tm;r7ao;yJ ode f ;atmifausm fu rusif[ke fud kvSr f ;Ia_ymvd kufav

ao;onf? rusif[kefonf odef;atmifausmfbufzifukef;v#uf ptd kxJ

bd ki fba7wmxd k ;oGi f ; _yefxkwfvkyf _y7@Smonf? 7efy d ki fp d k ;E Si f hode f ;atmif

ausmfwd k hu apmapmuyifvd k;xm;cJ haomajumif h rusif[kef>zifaygufrSm

us de f ;py femjuifIaeao;onf? temraysmufao;? a':wifrm0i f ;>

vufpG Jawmfbdkifba7wmuvnf; vHk;ywftawmfwkwfumjuD;aomajumifh

aumifrav;c_rm uvd7wmroufom@Smyg? rsufe Smav;rJ hwJ hwJ hE Si f h

cyf_znf;_znf;om vkyfae7@Smonf? 'gud kodef;atmifausmfu odyfoabm

rus?

Þ [m- -eifuvJ? wpf_yLwpf_yLe J h vkyfaewmrrd kufbl;?

tm;7yg;7 xdk;prf;yg [- - ß

373

Þ zifus de f;aevd k hyg[m? _znf;_znf;yJvkyfyg7apaemf- - ß

Þ atmifr<f? vD;ESpfacsmif;tvdk;cH_yD;wJhzifaygufu bdkifba7wm

xdk;xnfhwmavmufud k usde f;ae7ao;ovm;? eif hzifacgif; txmus_yD;

us<fvmatmif ig aemufwcs Dzifxyfvd k ;vd kuftkef;rS_zpfr<fxifw<f ß

Þ atmifr<fav;? zifrcsryge J hawmh ode f ;atmifausm f7<f?

awmif;yefygw<f? _ref_refxd k ; _yyg hr<f- - ß

rusi f[ke fu tvef hwjum;awmif ;ye f7i f ; bd ki fba7wmud k

ptd kxJcyf_ref_ref xd k;oGif;_yefxkwfvkyfay;onf? atmif hIemaomfvnf;

w ke fw k e f | w ke fw ke f _ zp f aeaomb d k i fba7wm>txdtaw G h a jumi f h

zifZdr fawG hp_yKvmonf?

aumifrav;>ajumuf@G H hpGmawmif;yefvdkufrSKu odef;atmifausmf

ud ky d kI7rufxefaponf? ode f ;atmifausm fonf oem;c Haeaomrde f ;r

r sm ;u d k tE d l i fusi f hv ky faqmi f7wm tvGe foabmusonf? <c k

rusif[kef>ajumufvef hwjum;awmif;yefvd kufrS Ku odef;atmifausmfuk d

zifvd k ;7efzdwfpmurf;vd kufovdk _zpfoGm;onf?

Þ q7mr- -c^? apmufywfxJu vD;_zKwfvd kuftkef; ß

374

ode f ;atmi fausm fu z d judwfvd k ;ay;aeaoma':wi frm0i f ;>

wi fy g ;u d k tomwcsu fy kw f _y D ;a _ymonf? a':wi frm0i f ;uvnf ;

wifyg;qH kjuD;ud kjuGwifz<f@Sm;ay;vd kuf7m apmufywfxJrSvD;acsmif;juD;

Ø_yGwf×qdk uÈwfxGufonf? vdk;vufpt@Sdefajumifh vD;juD;u wqwfqwf

wkefIaeonf?

Þ usifusi f- -vm? ig htay:cG- -? eif hzi fxJ vD;oGi f ;

<lprf;- - ß

ode f ;atmifausm fu zifrcsawmh7ef tvef hwjum;awmif;ye f

cJ holaumifrav;ud k cyf7if h7if hac:vd kufonf?

Þ zifrcsygeJ hawmh@Si f? awmif;yefygw<f? ß

375

rusif[kefu toem;cH@Smao;onf?

Þ ei foufomatmif tay:uae zifxJvD;toGi f ;c d ki f ;wm?

7p fraee J h ? 'gqd k zi faxmi fuke f ;c d ki f ; _y D ; wtm;aqmfyp fvd kufr<f?

bmrSwfvJvd k h- - ß

o d e f ; atmi f au s m fu avoHrmrmE S i f h _ c d r f ; a _ cmu fv d ku f7m

rusif[kefr Sm rvSef7Jawmh? zifxJxd k ;uvd_yae7aombd ki fba7wmudk

z<f_zKwf_yD; odef;atmifausmfxHodk hoGm;7onf? qdkzgjuD;ay:wGif yufvuf

tdyfaeaom odef;atmifausmf>aygifc Gjum; vD;wefjuD;>tay:buf

wnfhwnfhwGif wufcG7avonf?

Þ a7mh- -q7mr? bdki fba7wm toif h<lxm; ß

ode f ;atmifausm fu rusif[ke f>zifxJr Sbd ki fba7wmud k<lum

a':wifrm0if;ud kurf;ay;vd kufonf? rusif[kefvnf; vD;acsmif;juD;ud k

vuf_zif hqkyfud ki fum rdrdptd k0wGifqG Jawh<lvd kuf7avonf?

rusif[ke fonf ode f ;atmifausm f>ud k<fay: aqmif hajumif h

ruswuscGxd ki fxm;7m (tdrfomwufonfhtaetxm;rs d K ;r d k h ) zifaygufu

tyDyif_yJaeonf? (bd ki fba7wmESif hxd k ;uvdvufpwef;vef;rd k h zifacgif;

uvnf; tawmftoif hvrf;ajumif;yGi f hIaeonf?) ptd k0wGif vD;wef

376

xdyfzl;juD;xduyfrdaomtcg aumifrav;ausm@k d;wav#muf at;pdrf hIyif

oGm;onf? 'gjuD;oGi f ;<l7v#if zifayguf_y Jtm_yD ; t7rf;emrSmud kod

aeonf? w_ydKi feufwnf;rSmyif 7ifuvnf; w'def;' de f;c ke faeonf?

rusif[kefr Sm apmapmav;uyif Øziftys d K7nf×ysufum zifvd k ;

c H7rSK> emjuifa7mar$xm;aom xl;_cm;vSonfhumrt7omudk olr>

aoG;om;rsm;u ususeecHpm;cJ h7zl;_yD;_zpf7m <ckzif0wGifvD;awhuyfrd

aomtcg rusi f[ke f>aoG;om;wd k huvnf; rjumrDc Hpm;7awmhrnf h

zifvd k;cHt7omudk judKqd konfhtae_zif h Ed k;jum;vSKyf@Sm;vmjuavonf?

ode f ;atmi fausm fonf atmufr Sat;aq;p GmvJavsmi f ;ae7i f ;

ol hvD;juD;ay:zifcsxd ki fum zifaygufxJvD;0ifatmifoGi f ;<l7awmhrnf h

aumifrav;>id kr J hr J hE Si f hajumufvef hp d k ;xdwfum aoG;a7mifv#rf;IeD7 J7 J

_zpfaeaomrsufESmtrlt7mudk t7omcHumwpdrf hp drf hjunfhIaeavonf?

xdk hajumifh q7mra':wifrm0if;udk bdkifba7wmt<lcdkif;_yD;aemuf

bmqufv ky f y g[ lI ra _ym _zp f ao;ay ? a' :wi frm0i f ; r S mvn f ;

odef;atmifausmfxHrS trdef hpum;rjum;7ao;aomajumifh bdkifba7wmudk

nmvufwGifud ki f7if; qdkzgab;em;wGif onftwdki f;rwfwyf7yfv#ufom;

@S daeonf?

rusi f[ke fonf rdr dud k<fr dr dtm;ay;7i f ; atmufE S kwfcr f ;ud k

377

oGm ; _zi f htomud ku fum wi fy g ; ju D ;u d k atmufo d k htomz dc sonf?

awhuyfxm;aomvD;acsmi f ; juD ;> xdy fy d ki f ;'p fz l ; juD ; ptd kaygufxJ

wpfI0ifonf?

Þ tm;- -uÈwfuÈwf- - ß

vD;'p fwd k ;0i fr S Kajumi f h zi f0_y JtmoGm;7m pp fueJemonfr d k h

rusif[kefrsufESmav;rJ hum pkwfoyfnnf;vd kufrdonf?

xd ktcs de fr Smyif- - -

Þ uvif- -uvif- -uvif- - ß

w<fvDzke f;u @kwfw7uf_rnfvmonf?

av;a<mufvHk;yif vefhoGm;juonf? rusif[kefonf wifjuD;udk

@ kwfw7uf_yefjuGvd kuf7m zifaygufxJ0ifaeaomvD;'pfjuD; _yefuÈwf

xGufonf?

a':wifrm0if;rSmvnf; @kwfw7ufvef hoGm;7mrS tusif hygaeonfh

twdki f; w<fvDzke f;ud k qwfueJaumufud ki fvd kufonf? w<fvDzke f;r Sm

a':wifrm0if;E Si f hvufwurf;tuGmavmufwGif@ S dae7m vSrf;<lzd k hvnf;

tvGefud ktqifa_yvG<fulaeonf?

378

Þ [Jvd k- - ß

Þ q7mra':wifrm0if;vm;- - ß

Þ uÈefr a':xm;7ifyg- - ß

wbufrSa_ymaeolrSm ausmif;tkyfq7mrjuD;a':xm;7if_zpfonf?

Þ atmf- -[kwfuJ h? a_ymyg q7mrjuD; ß

q7mrjuD;qdkaomtoHajumifh ausmif;om;ausmif;olrsm;_zpfaom

ode f ;atmifausm f | 7efy d ki fp d k ;E Si f h rusif[ke fwd k h | wa<mufrsufE Smud k

wa<mufjunfhvd kufrdjuonf?

Þ uÈefrnDr olZmcifuav? q7mr[kdaehua_ymwJh ygwdwf

tqifawGjunfhcsifvd k h wJ h? tJ'g uÈefrwd k h tckyJvmcJ hr<f ß

xdkod k ha_ym_yD;aemuf wbufrSausmif;tkyfq7mrjuD;a':xm;7ifu

w<fvDzke f;ud kcsoGm;onf? a':wifrm0if;yif pum;_yefa_ymcs de fr7vd kuf?

rdrdwd k hwawG| t0wfryg| Avmudk<fvH k;wD;rsm;_zif h 0wf0ufuG J

379

atmifvd k ;aeaqmfaejuonfhae7mod k h ausmif;tkyfq7mrjuD;a7mufvm

awmhrnfqd kaomajumif h a':wifrm0if;rSm xdwfxdwf_ym_ym_zpfoGm;7

onf?

Þ [m- -'kuQyJ? _y\emawmh wuf_yD? ß

a':wifrm0if;onf w<fvDzkef;udkrcsEd lifao;yJ udkif_rJudkifxm;7if;

a7;juD;okwf_ymyifa_ymvd kufonf?

Þ q7mrjuD;u bmwJhvJ- - ß

Þ q7mrjuD;e J h ol hnDrolZmcif | 'Dud kvmjurvd k hwJ h? tJ'g

b<fvd kvkyfrvJ? cuf_yD? cuf_yD- - ß

q7mrjuD;a':xm;7ifonf touf (30)cefh@S d tysdKjuD;wpfa<muf

_zp fonf? t7yftarmi f ;u a':wifrm0i f ;avmufe D ;y g ; _ri f honf?

u d k< fv H k ;u d k< fay gu fuawm h a':wi frm0i f ; avmu frx Gm ; ju d K i f ; ?

o d k haom f usp fusp fvp fvp fE Si f h tcs d K ;usawmi f hwi f ;r S Kawm h@ S donf?

a':wifrm0if;vd k acwfrqef? cyf@k d ;@k d ;0wfpm;wwfonf? olZmcifuawmh

a':xm;7i f>nDrti<fqH k ; _zp fonf? touf(17)E Sp fom@ S d ao;um

wuUod kufausmif ;olwa<muf_zpfonf? acsmarmvSyawmif hwif;olr d k h

judKufolrsm;0d ki f ;0 d ki f ;vnfaeonf?

380

Þ b<fvd kvkyfjurvJ[if- - uGd Ki fwufukefawmhrSmyJ ß

rusi f[ke fuvnf; rsufvH k ;av;uv<fuv<fESi f ha_ymonf?

7efyd ki fp d k ;uvnf; rjuHwwf? odef;atmifausmfud k tm;ud k ;wjuD;ESi f h

vSrf;junfhonf?

odef;atmifausmfr Smvnf; @kwfw7ufawmh tpOf;pm;7juyfoGm;

onf? odk haomfolonf rdef;rtawmfrsm;rsm;ud ktyd kifud kifum vdk;aeavol

_zpfonfhtwdkif; rdef;rrsm;ud k vdk;p7m[koabmxm;wwfay7m vdk;7rnfh

bufuom awG;wwfonfhtwGuf| rdrdwdk htzd k h umrpnf;pdrfxl;xl;_cm_cm;

cHpm7@S dE d li frnf htuGufaumif;ud k awG;rdavawmhonf?

Þ bmrSryle J h? tjuH7_yD? q7mrjuD;vmawmhaum bm_zpfvJ?

ol hud kyg t7cs d Ki fypfvd kuf7if_yD;wmyJ ß

odef;atmifausmfu _yefa_ymvd kufonf?

Þ a[haumif junfhvkyftkef;uG? q7mrjuD;u b<favmuf

a'gojuD; _y D ; p dwfxufw<fqd kwm rif ;vnf;todom;y J? tm;vH k ;

@ S Ky fukefr<faemf ß

7efyd ki fp d k ;u a_ymonf?

381

olonf odef;atmifausmfavmuf rde f ;rrsm;rsm;rvd k ;z l ;ao;yg?

_y D ;awmh ausmi f ;tky fq7mrjuD;a':xm;7ifud kvnf; ajumuf@ G H hr S Ku

@S dao;onf? olud k<fwd ki f q7mrjuD;>judrfvH k ;pmud k cHzl;c J holrd k hvnf;

yd kvef haeonf?

Þ b<favmufxufxufuGm? olhr Smvnf; apmufywfygwmyJ?

apmufywfygwJ hr de f;rud k vD;eJ htyd ki fxdef;7if 0yfoGm;rSmyg? udki f;- -

tpDtpOfqG Jjur<f? tcsde fr7bl;? ß

o de f ;atmi fausm fu ausmi f ;t ky fq7mrju D ;a':xm;7i fE S i f h

olr>nDr olZmcifwd k hud k rnfok d hrnfyH kt7cs d Ki ftyd ki fud ki f7rnfqd konfh

tpDtpOfud k t_yefyifa_ymqd k@ Si f; _yonf? olonfrde f;rrsm;ud k cGi fcsum

tydkifjuHcJ honfhtawGhtjuHKtawmfrsm;aeonfhtwGuf b<fvdkta_ctae

rs d K ;wGif b<fenf;b<fyH kvSKyf@ Sm;7rnfud k csufqd kem;cGufu|rD;awmuf

onfhtvm; od@S dem;vnfaeonf?

rjumrD ausmif;tkyfq7mrjuD;a':xm;7ifa7mufvmawmhrnfrd k h

tpDtpOfrsm;udkt_refyifa_ym_yD; xdktwdkif;vkyfaqmifEd lif7ef cyfoGufoGuf

yifqufI_yKvkyfjuonf? av;a<mufom; 0uf0ufuG Jatmifvd k;yG Jqif

382

xm;I umrppfa_r_yif_zpfaeaom a':wifrm0if;>{nfhcef;ud k t_ref

@Si f;vif;juonf? a':wifrm0if;u t0wftpm;rsm;t_ref_yef0wfonf?

odef;atmifausmf| 7efyd ki fp d k ;ESi f h rusif[kefwd k huawmh tdyfcef;xJod k h0ifum

yke f;aevd kufjuonf?

olwdh k{nfcefh@Sif;vif;_yD;Ic^tjumrSmyif vlac:acgif;avmif;oHu

_rnfvmonf?

t0wftpm;rsm;_yef0wf_yD;ump_zpfaom q7mra':wifrm0if;onf

tda_ENrysufatmifjudK;pm;umxdef;_yD; tdrfwHcg;ud koGm;zGi f hay;vd kufonf?

Þ ajomf- -q7mrjuD;ygvm;? olZmvnf;ygvmwmudk;? Þ

q7mra':wifrm0if;onf ausmif;tkyfq7mrjuD;a':xm;7ifwd k h

nDtrtm;ESKwfqufpum;qd kum tdrfcef;xJod k hz dwfac:onf?

a':xm;7ifonf zufzl;a7mifygwdwftxufatmuf0rf;qufud k

0wfxm;onf? a':xm;7if>_zLazG;0if;0gaomtom;t7nfESif h vd kufzuf

onf? tuFs Dvuf@SnfcyfyGyG | xrDud ka_crsufpdz H k ;atmif aoaooyfoyf

0wfum twGi f ;c HZmabm fvD | y dwfpuyfwd k hy g0wfxm;onf htwGuf

a':xm;7if> wifae7ifus|ud k<ftvSonf odyfay:ay:vGi fvGi fjuD;

383

@S draeyg? awmif hwif;tcs d K ;usaom udk<fae[efxm;avmufom odom

aeEl di fonf? qHyif@ Snfrsm;ud k aemufwGi fqHxH k ;xH k ;xm;onf htwGuf

@S d7if;toufxuf tenf;i<fyd k7if hoa<mifa<mif@S donf?

ausmi f ;tky fq7mrjuD;a':xm;7i fu ryGi f hwyGi f htomwcsuf

_y H K ; _y D ; tda_E N77_zi f h {nf hce f ;xJod k htomav#mufvSr f ;0i fvmonf?

a':wifrm0if;onf (odef;atmifausmfrSmjum;xm;cJ honfhtwdkif;) tdrfcef;

wHcg;ud k aoaocsmcsmcsmususee aomhESpfxyfcwfIydwfxm;vd kufonf?

a':xm;7ifud k tyd ki fud ki fE d li fz d k h tpys d K ;vkyfaqmifvk duf7rSK_zpf7m

(ausmif;tkyfq7mrjuD;tay: ajumuf@G H hrS KtcHuvnf;@S dao;aomajumifh)

a':wifrm0if;onf 7ifw'def;' de f ;c ke fum| rodromyif wkefwkef7if7if

_zpfae7avonf? renf;juD;ud k tda_ENqnfumxdef;ae7onf?

a':xm;7ifu ESpfa<mufxd ki fqd kzgjuD;ay:wGif tom0ifxd ki f

v d ku fonf ? olZmci fuawm h wa<mufx d k i fq d k z gc k e fwc kay:w Gi f

0ifxk di fonf?

a':xm;7ifxd ki faomESpfa<mufxd ki fqd kzgcke fr Sm apmapmyd ki f;av;

uyif a':wifrm0if;ESi f hrusif[kefwd k h y<fy<fe<fe<ftvdk;cHxm;7aom

ae7m_zpfonf? aoaooyfoyf_zpfatmif@Si f;vif;xm;_yD;_zpfaomfvnf;

0uf0ufuG Jatmifvd k;juaqmfju7mrS xGufuscJ haomapmuf7nfjunfESif h

384

okwf7nfrsm;ayusHae7m (uref;uwef;okwfcJ h _y D;_zpfonfhwd ki f) tpGef;

tuGufav;r sm ; xi fuse faeavao;onf? xd k h _yi f okwf7nfE Si f h

apmuf7nfjunfeH hrsm;vnf; pG Jusefavao;onf?

xd kteH hrsm;ud ka':xm;7if@SLrd7m olr>aoG;om;wd k honf obm0

tav#muf umrtaiG htoufrsm;ud kem;vnfum wodrf hodrf hvSKyf@ Sm;I

vmonf? <ifzd kr Sroef;zl;ao;aom tysd Kppfppfausmif;tkyfq7mrjuD;

uawmh onft_zpfud kr7dyfr dao;? a':wifrm0if;uom a':xm;7ifteD;

qdkzgwGifxdkifcs7if; okwf7nfeHh| apmuf7nfjunfeHhrsm;udk@SLrdum (olronf

umrrS KwGi f0g7i f hae_y D ; 7rufxef7m~_yif ;aomrde f ;ry Dy D | bmteH hawG

_zpfajumif; csufcsif;em;vnfonf?) rsufESmtxm;7cufovdk pdwfvnf;

vSKyf@Sm;Ivmonf?

a':wifrm0i f ;onf t0wftpm;rsm;uref ;uwef; _ye f0wfc J h7m

b7mpD<mpnf;aESmifc J haomfvnf; twGif;cHyifwDud kawmh _yefr0wf_zpf

cJ hyg? 'gajumif ha':wifrm0if;onf atmufcHabmif;bDrygyJ xrDwxyf

wnf; _zp faeonf? xd k h _yi f ode f ;atmi fausm fvd k ;xm;vufpwef ;vef ;

apmufywfudkvnf; okwfrypfcJ hrd7m| vdk;xm;rSK>7v'f| apmuf7nfjunf

rsm;xyfIxGufvm7m trs d K ;orD ;r Sm yd kItae7txd ki f7cufaeonf?

{nf hc Hpum;yifrqd kE d li fy J acgif;juD;iH k hv#ufxd ki faerdonf?

Þ q7mr- -bm_zpfaewmvJ? aeaumif;7J hvm; ß

385

a':wi frm0i f ;> y H k r S e fr[ kw faomtr lt7mtoGi ft_yi fu d k

tuJcwfrdaoma':xm;7ifu ar;vd kufonf?

a':wifrm0if ;r Sm vef hovd kyi f _zp f7um iH k hxm;aomacgi f ;ud k

uAsmu7myif _yefIarmhvd kuf7onf?

Þ aumif;ygw<f- -q7mrjuD; ß

Þ q7mrjunfh7wm wrsd K ; _zpfaeyg hvm;- - ß

Þ [dk- -[dk- -q7mrjuD;- -xif- -xifvd k k hyg- - ß

a':wifrm0if ;>toHrsm; ododomomyif wke f7i fIaeonf?

tuif ;y g ;aomausmi f ;tky fq7mrjuD;u a':wifrm0i f ;r lrr Se fonfud k

tuJzrf;rdoGm;av_yD?

Þ r[kwfao;ygbl;- - ß

a':xm;7ifxdkodk ha7@Gwfvdkufrdcdkufyif tdyfcef;xJrS odef;atmifausmf

7efyd ki fp d k ;E Si f h rusif[kefwd k hoH k ;a<muf a_y;xGufvmjuonf?

odef;atmifausmf>rlvtpDtpOft7qdkv#if (odef;atmifausmfwd k h

386

vdk7r<f7<lvmcJ hjuaom) 7rufjuGaq;rsm;cyfxm;onfhvdarRm f7nfud k

a':xm;7ifwd k htm; a':wifrm0if;uwdkufauÈ;{nfhcH_yD;rS odef;atmifausmf

wd k huxGufvmjuum a':xm;7ifwd k hud k twif;rk' de f;usif htyd ki fud ki f7efyif

_zpfonf?

<ck a':xm;7i f>a@ S har SmufwGi f a':wifrm0i f ;wa<muf

tawmf hud ktda_ENysufp_yKae7m ta_ctaer[efawmhajumif;7dy fr donfh

twGuf odef;atmifausmfu 7rufjuGaq;cyfxm;aomvdarRm f7nfrsm;

wd kufauÈ;rS Kud krapmif hawmhyJ twif;rk' de f;usif htyd ki fud ki fa7;tpDtpOfud k

vkyf7ef tcsufay;_yD;xGufvmju_cif;_zpfonf?

xGufvmjuwmrS odef;atmifausmfESif h7efyd kifpd k;wdk hrSm udk<fwHk;vHk;|

rusif[kefuawmh xrD7ifvsm;av;ESif h?

rlvtpDtpOfuawmh a':xm;7ifudkcsKyfud k fi frk'def;usif h7efa_y;xGuf

vmv#if oH k;a<mufvH k; ud k<fwH k;vH k ;@ S daeap7ef_zpfonf? tdyfcef;xJwGif

ykef;atmif;apmif haejuaomtcg a<mufsm;av;ESpfa<mufu onftwdkif;

0wfvpfpvpfqufaejuaomfvnf; rusi f[ke fr Smr l r de f ;uav;y Dy D |

tvd k ;c Hxm;7_y D ;onf hwd ki f @ Sufp dwfav;u@S daeaomajumif h xrDud k

7ifvsm;xm;cJ honf?

387

xdkajumifh ta7;ay:tpDtpOfa_ymif;_yD; wqifhausmfumxGufvm

juaomtcg odef;atmifausmfu rusif[kefud kxrDcÈwfxm;cJ h7efra_ym

rdawmhyg?

udk<fwHk;vH k;a<mufsm;ys d KESpfa<mufESif h xrD7ifvsm;0wfxm;aom

aumi frav;wa<muf @ kwfw7ufxGufay:vmaomtcg tys d K juD ;

a':xm;7ifeif h tys d Krav;olZmcifwd k hr Sm tHhjoxdwfvef hum bmvkyf

7rnfrSe f;rodawmhatmif _zpfukefjuonf?

odef;atmifausmf | 7efyd ki fp d k ;wd k hE Si f h rusif[kefwd k hoH k ;a<mufu

judKwifpDpOfxm;rSKajumifh bmvkyf7rnfqdk_cif;udk odonf? odonfhtwdkif;

v#if_refpGmvSKyf@Sm;ypfvd kufjuonf?

ode f ;atmi fausm fE Si f hrusi f[ke fwd k hu ausmi f ;t ky fq7mrjuD ;

a':xm;7i f>te D ;o d k h v$m ;ue J0i fo Gm ; juovd k 7e fy d k i fp d k ;uvnf ;

tys d Krav;olZmcifxHod k h cke f0ifoGm;onf?

ode f ;atmi fausm fu ausmi f ;t ky fq7mrjuD ;ud kc s Ky fzr f ;onf?

csKy fzrf;y H ku _refovd k | jurf;vnf;tawmfjurf;onf? a':xm;7if>

vufESp fbufud k aemufbufrSqG J<lcs Ky fzrf;um vdrfIrdr d77ud ki fxm;

vd kufonf? xd ktcs de fwGi f 7efy d ki fp d k ;uvnf; tys d Krav;olZmcifud k

rvSKyfEd li fatmif csKyfzrf;xm;vd kuf_yD;av_yD?

388

Þ toHwcsufrxGufeJ h? _idr f _i dr fae? r[kwf7if emr<frSwf ß

7efyd ki fp d k ;u tHjudwfumavoHrmrmESif h _c dr f;acsmufonf? olZm

cif>qHyifud kvnf; cyfjurf;jurf;aqmif hqG Jum txm_yvd kufonf?

olZmcif toHrxGuf7Jawmh? wkwfwkwfrSrvSKy f7 Jawmh? _idr fukwfI

oGm;onf?

a':xm;7ifrSmrl ajumufvef hwkefvSKyfoGm;7mrS @kef;uefatmf[pf

onf?

Þ a[h- -v$wfprf;- -v$wf- -v$wf- -vkyfygtkef;q7mr7J h?

' Dr Sm bmawGvJ- - ß

Þ a':wifrm0if;ud k tultnDrawmif;eJ h? olvnf; uÈefawmfwd k h

tzG J huyJ? atmfcsif7ifvnf; judKufoavmufatmf? 'Dtcef;u vHkw<f?

awmf@k Hwef@k HtoH t_yifud krxGufbl;? t_yifud kxGufw<fqd k7ifvnf;

q7mrjuD;atmfoHud k b<folrSjum;rSmr[kwfbl;? tckvd kwe~FaEGaeh

qd k7i f ' Dwd kufwef;utdr fce f ;awGr Sm b<folr Sr@ S d juyJ t_yifxGuf

vnfywfaejuwmrsm;w<f? ? a[h- -usifusif? olhxrDeJ htuFs Dud k

qG JcÈwfav[m- -bm7yfjunfhaewmvJ- - ß

389

ode f ;atmi fausm fu a':xm;7i fud k _c dr f ;ac smufa_ymjum;7i f ;

wqufwnf;yif usifusif hud kcyfaigufaigufavmaqmfvk dufonf?

odef;atmifausmfcsKyfzrf;xm;aom a':xm;7if>udk<fay:rStuFs D

E Si f hxrDwd k hud kt_refqG JcÈwfypf7e f rusif[ke fu wm0ef<lxm;7onf?

' gayr<f h wu<fwrf ;vky f7rnf@ S daomtcgwGi fawmh rusi f[ke fr Sm

ausmif;tkyfq7mrjuD;a':xm;7iftay: ajumufvef hp dwf_zif h @S de fum

rvky f7 Jy J @ S d aeonf ? o de f ; atmi fausm fu cy fai gu fai gu fa _ymq d k

avmaqmfawmhr S rusif[ke fvnf; rdr dvky f7rnf htvkyfwm0eftwd ki f ;

p Ge f hpm;um vkyfaqmif7avawmhonf?

Þ a[h- -rvkyfe J h- -z<f- -bmrSwfaevd k hvJ? z<fprf; ß

a':xm;7ifu rmefrcsao;yJ aigufief;@ke f;uefae7m e~d kuyif

@S de faeaomrusif[kefuvnf; ajumufajumufvef hvef hE Si f hvkyf7av7m

xrDyif qG JcÈwfr7Ed li f _zpfaeonf? 7ifvsm;xm;aomrusif[ke f>xrD

a_yav#musoGm;av7m rusif[kefr Sm a':xm;7ifxrDrcÈwfEd li fy J rdrd>

a_yav#musoGm;aomxrDud k uref;uwef; _ye f7i fvsm;vd kuf7avawmh

onf?

Þ w<f- -eif h7ifvsm; vkyfraeeJ hawmh? cÈwfcsxm;vd kuf?

q7mr- -vm0ifulvd kuftkef;? 'Daumifav;wa<mufwnf; rcÈwfwwf

yJ_zpfaew<f ß

390

ode f ;atmifausm fu a_ymvd kuf7m| rusi f[ke fr Sm avsm h7 J7 J

7ifvsm;xm;_yD;umpxrDav;udk cÈwfypfvdkuf7onf? _yD;awmh udk<fvHk;wD;

_zif h q7mrjuD;a':xm;7if>xrDud kqG JcÈwf7efvkyf7avawmhonf?

a':wifrm0if;vnf; tid ki fom;xd ki fae7mrSxum rusif[kefud k

ulnDay;7avonf? a':xm;7ifu uefausmuf@ke f ;uefaeaomfvnf;

trsdK;orD;ESpfa<muf0d kif;cÈwfjuaomajumifh xrDa_yav#muÈwfoGm;onf?

atmufc Hy dwfpuyf@ S daeao;onf htwGuf xrDa_yuÈwfoGm;aomfvnf;

a' :xm ;7i fr S m atmufy d k i f ; Avmr _zp f ao;y g ? y dw fpuy fuvnf ;

a@S;qefqef cyf@Snf@Snf| xlxlxJxJ_zpf7m tawmftoif hz H k ;z H k ;z dz dawmh

_zpfaeao;onf?

'gayr<fh Ad ki f;aumif;ausmufzd| tda_ENoduQmESif hwnfwnfjunf

junfae7aom ausmif;tkyfq7mrtysd KjuD;c_rm twGif;cHydwfpuyfESi f h

@ S dae7rSKud kyif tawmfjuD;@Sufaeavonf?

onfjum;xJwGi f olrud kaemufbufr S vufE Sp fbufqG Jvdr f

zrf;csKyfxm;aomodef;atmifausmf> rwfawmifaeavaomvD;acsmif;juD;u

[dkem;xdonfem;axmuf_zpfae_yefav7m a':xm;7ifjuufoD;awGzsef;zsef;

xp_yKvmonf?

391

a':wifrm0if ;E Si f hrusi f[ke fwd k hu a':xm;7if>tuFs Dus<foD;

rsm;ud k quf_zKwfju_yefonf?

Þ rvkyfjuygeJ h- -rvkyfjuygeJ h? raumif;ygbl;? ß

a':xm;7ifonf tpyd ki f ;wkef;uvdk a'gooH_zih f[def;a[muf_cif;

r_yKEl di fawmhyg? id koHygjuD;ESi f hawmif;yefae7@Smavonf?

Þ bm raumif;7rSmvJ q7mrjuD;7Jh? q7mrjuD;aumif;vmatmif

vkyfay;rvd k hyg- - ß

odef;atmifausmfu a_ymvd kufonf?

'gayr<fh tufs Dus<foD;awG wvHk;_yD;wvHk; wckruseft_zKwf

cHvd kuf7@Smonf? a':xm;7if0wfxm;aomtay:tuFs Dr Sm 7ifbwfyGif h[

oGm;av_yD? tuFsDus<foD;tm;vHk;_zKwfay;_yD;aomtcg odef;atmifausmfu

aemufbufqG Jum cyfjurf;jurf;vdrfIcsKy fxm;aoma':xm;7if>vuf

ESpfbufud k v$wfay;vd kufonf? xdkod k hv$wfay;7if; tuFs Dus<foD;rsm;

_yKwfaeaom a':xm;7if>tuFs Dud kyg wygwnf;qG JIcÈwfc Gmz<f@ Sm;

ypfvd kufonf?

392

onfudpPrs d K;wGif 0g7if huÈrf;usifaeonfrd k h a':xm;7ifrSmb<fvdkrS

umuG<frSKyifr_yKvd kuf7yJ tay:tuFs DuÈwfuGmxGufoGm;avawmhonf?

<cktcgwGi f ausmi f ;t ky fq7mr| tys K drjuD ;a':xm;7i fr Sm

ZmabmfvDESi f h atmufcHydwf fpuyfwd k homv#if t0wftpm;qd kIusefae

awmhonf? ZmabmfvDrSm vH kvH kvJvJawmh@S donf? 7ifom;qd ki frsm;ud k

aoaooyfoyfvH katmifzH k ;umxm;Ed li fonf? od k haomf ycke f;om;0if;0if;

a_ya_yav#mav#mrsm;| 7ifnGef hom;rsm;awmh ay:ae_yD? xd k h _yif @ke f;uef

xm;7rSKajumif h ZmabmfvDtay:od k htenf;i<fa@G hum ydwfpuyfuvnf;

atmufod k henf;enf;av#musae7m ZmabmfvDatmufem;pESif h ydwfpuyf

cg;pnf;jum; [aeaomae7mwGif Ad kufom;azG;azG;rsm;wpf_yLay:vGif

aeonf?

a':wifrm0if;ESi f hrusif[kefwd k h tomaemufqkwfz<fcGmoGm;ju

onf? a':xm;7if>xrDESif htuFs Dwd k hud kcÈwfcGm_yD;v#if olwdk h0wW7m;ukef_yD?

a':xm;7ifud kodef;atmifausmfu qufIrk'de f;usif hayvdrf hrnf?

trs d K;orD;ESpfa<mufonf 7efyd ki fp d k ;xHod k hoGm;um 7efyd ki fp d k ;tyd ki f

zrf;cs Ky fxm;aomolZmcifud k yd kIpdwfcs7atmif vuf_yefjudK;ususee

wkyfaESmifjuonf?

xdktcsdefwGifodef;atmifausmfuawmh ausmif;tkyfq7mrtysdKjuD;

393

a':xm;7ifud k rk'de f;usif htyd ki fvd k ;7ef vSKyf@Sm;vkyfaqmifaeav_yD?

a':xm;7ifonf vufESp fbufzrf;cs Ky fxm;rS Kr S a_yuÈwfoGm;

onfESi f h twif;xumxGufa_y;z d k h jud K ;pm;ao;onf? olr>us<foD;

tm;vH k;_yKwfaeaomtuFs Dom qGJtcÈwfcHvk duf7onf? olrtaeESif hawmh

vGwfatmifra_y;Ed li f@ Sm? odef;atmifausmf>odrf;us H K ;ayG hzuf_cif;ud kom

cHvd kuf7@Smonf?

ode f ;atmifausm fonf tys d KjuD;a':xm;7if> wpfwpf7pf7pf

udk<fvHk;juD;udk tm;7yg;7ayG hzufum [dkud kifonfprf;vufo7rf;aeonf?

tys d KjuD;c_rm xlylzde f;@ S de f ;um uwkefu7if_zpfonf?

Þ v$wfyg odef;atmifausmf7<f? ig hud krjuHygeJ h ß

a':xm;7ifc_rm id koHygESi f hawmif;yefae7@Smonf? odef;atmif

ausm f>tud ki ftwG<f | tyGwftE S d Ku fr sm ;onf a':xm;7i ftwGuf

tonf ;<m;7i fz d k p7maw G _zp f aeonf ? p dw faw Gv S Ky f @ S m ;vmonf ?

7ifcke fvd kufwmuvnf; ra_ymygeSi f hawmh? <ckrdr dud k twif;tjuyf

vky faeolr Sm rdr dausmi f ;tky fq7mrjuD;t_zp ftky fc s Ky f7aomausmi f ;r S

ausmif;om;wa<muf_zpfajumif;odoGm;_yDrdk h a':xm;7iftzdkh ydkI@Sufajumuf

ae7avonf? odef;atmifausmf>jurf;wrf;aomfvnf; xdrdynmygaom

vufrsm;u a':xm;7if>7rufrD;ud k Ed k ;juGatmifrD;ar$;ay;vd kufEd li fc J h _y D?

394

@kef;uefaeonfhjum;rSyif 7rufrD;onf yd kIawmufavmifvm

onf? a':xm;7if>rsufvH k ;rsm; arS;pif;usonf? touf@SLoHuawmh

_yif;r S _yif;? 7ifbwfxJwGif rD;7xm;q<fpD;ckwfarmif;0ifaeovm;[k

xifrSwfrSm;avmufonf?

o d e f ; atmi f au s m fu y dw f puy fu d k twi f ;q G Jv S e fon f ?

a':xm;7ifu ydwfpuyfvefrwuf7avatmif vuf_zif h jud K ;pm;um

qGJzH k;zdxm;onf? a_covHk;om;ESif haygifom;azG;azG;rsm;uwmh ray:wcsuf

ay:wcsuf_zpfaeonf?

odef;atmifausmfu ydwfpuyfqGJvSefae7mrS @kwfw7ufZmabmfvD

aemufausmcs dwfwckud k v#if_refp GmqG J _zKwfypfvd kufonf? a':xm;7if

0wfxm;aomZmabmfvD>aemufausmrS tay:qHkcs dwf_yKwfxGufoGm;onf?

wif;wif;7i f ;7i f ;csy fc sy f7y f7y f@ S daeaomZmabmfvD tenf;i<favsm h7 J

oGm;onf?

Þ td k- -'kuQygyJ- - ß

ZmabmfvDtenf;i<favsmh7JoGm;rSKajumifh a':xm;7if| 7ifckefum

tvef hwjum;nnf;rd@Smonf?

395

odef;atmifausmfu a':xm;7if0wfxm;aomZmabmfvDyckef;od ki f;

judK;ud k tomab;od k hqG Jcsypfvd kuf_yefonf? ZmabmfvDycke f;od ki f;judK;

b<fbufvufarmif;tv<favmufqDod k h av#musonf? tenf;i<f

avsmh7JaeaomZmabmfvD>b<fbuf7ifbH kae7monf r[w[_zpfonf?

tomqGJvSefjunfhv#if ZmabmfvD7ifbH katmuf@S d rd k h0ef;aomb<fbuf

Ed k htH kom;ud k _rifEd li fay_yD?

odef;atmifausmfu Ed k hom;ud k _rifatmifrjunfhao;? 'gayr<fh

r[w[_zpfaeaomZmabmfvD7ifbH katmufod k h b<fvufud kxd k ;oGif;um

a':xm;7if>7ifom;ud k tomudki fprf;vd kufonf?

Þ td k- -tarh- -rvkyfygeJ h- -[m ß

a':xm;7if>ESKwfzsm;rS a<mif<rf;nnf;wGm;oHay:Ivmonf?

a':xm;7ifonf odef;atmifausmf>aygifay:wGif wufxd ki fxm;ovdkrs d K ;

_zpfae7m odef;atmifausmf>vD;acsmif;juD;u a':xm;7if>wifjuD;ESif h

x dr daeonf? vD ;ac smi f ; ju D ;>y laE G ;rmawmi faeaomtxdtawG hu d k

tys d KjuD;c_rm cHpm;od@S dum 7ifcke fae7avonf?

onfjum;xJ olr>woufwmwGi f yxrqH k ;tjudr ft_zp f

Ed k htud ki fc H7_yef7m onf;xdwf7ifzd kv#uf wrsd K ;juD;_zpfoGm;7avonf?

396

@kef;uefrS KawGuawmh ododomomavsmhyg;vmonf? odef;atmif

ausmf>ayG hzufxm;rSKwGif a':xm;7ifacGacGaysmaysmhav;_zpfp_yKae_yD?

Þ a[haumif 7efyd ki fp d k ;? olhapmufywfud k vmxdk;uvday;uGm?

olpdwft7rf;xvm7if zd kufjuwmayg h- - ß

ode f ;atmi fausm fu 7e fy d ki fp d k ; ;u d kv Sr f ;tcsufay;vd ku fonf?

_yD;awmh a':xm;7if>'l;acgif;ESpfckaxmifv#ufom;@S daeatmif qGJryif h<l

um ab;od k hcy fum;um;vky fay;vd kufonf? 'l ;acgi f ;r sm;axmifv#uf

_zpfoGm;rS KE Si f htwl twGif;c Hy dwfpuyfuvnf;vefum aygif7if;em;od k h

y H kusonf? aygi fr sm ;um;oGm;r S Kajumi f h aygi fc GqH k@ S dapmufz kwfjuD ;

txif;om;ay:vmonf?

odef;atmifausmfonf ESpfa<mufxdkifqd kzgckefjuD;ay:wGifxd kifum

a':xm;7ifud kaygifay:wifv#uf aemufrSod ki f;zufud ki fwG<fae_cif;_zpf7m

apmufywfjuD;txif;om;ay:aeaomfvnf; r_rifEd li fao;yg?

7efyd ki fp d k ;uawmh qdkzga@S hjurf;_yifay:wGifcif;xm;aomaumfaZm

ay:wGif ususeezifxd ki fcsvd kuf7m a':xm;7if>ay:wifjuD;_zpfaeaom

apmufywfjuD;ud k uGufuGufuGif;uGif;yif_rifae7avonf?

Þ q7mrjuD;7J hapmufzkwfu b<fvd kaevJuG- -? tawmf

397

juD;ovm;? azgif;a7mazgif;aevm;- - ß

a':xm;7if>'l;acgi f ;E Sp fc kud k auG;xmifqG Jxm;_y D ;xde f ;ay;xm;

7mrS odef;atmifausmfu ar;vd kufonf?

Þ juD;w<fuG? azgif;vnf;azgif;aewmyJ? apmufar$;awGuvnf;

tawmfxlw<f? aygif7if;rSm rnf;eufaewmyJ? ß

7efyd ki fp d k ;u _yefa_ymonf?

a':xm;7ifrSm xd kpum;rsm;ud kjum;ae7ay7m rsufESmb<fvd k

xm;7rnfr Se f ; rodawmhatmi f _zp faeonf? 7i fvnf;t_ywfc ke fum

@kef;uefxGufzd k hvnf; tiftm;r@S dawmhatmif_zpfaeonf?

398

7e fy d k i fp d k ;u tomnmvufud kqe f hwe f ;um a':xm;7i f>

apmufywfud k ud ki fprf;onf?

Þ td k- - ß

a':xm;7ifqwfueJwGef hum yg;pyfrSnnf;oHav;oJhoJ hxGufonf?

7efy d ki fp d k ;u tzkwfud kvuf_zi f htky fud ki fI tomav;yGwfay;vd kuf7m

csufcsif;yifrd k hazgif;juGwufvmonf? a':xm;7ifrSm tar$;!Sif;uav;rsm;

awmifukefatmifyif ylxlzdef;@Sdef;IoGm;onf? wudk<fvHk;qwfqwfwkefv#uf

aqmufwnf7mr7awmh?

7e fy d ki fp d k ;u apmufz kwfud ky Gwfae7mr S vufcv<fxdy f _zi f h

tuGJajumif;twdki f; yGwfqG Jay;vd kuf_yefonf?

Þ trav;av;- -tm; tdtd ß

a':xm;7if xGef hxGef hvl;oGm;onf? apmufywfxJrSt7nfjunf

awGrw7m;xGufonf? a<mufsm;rsm;eSi f huif;uif;@Si f;@Si f;aeum 7nf;pm;

rqd kxm;bd? 7if;ES D ;aoma<mufsm;om;rdwfaqGyifr@S dc J haom a':xm;7if

wa<muf| <ckawmh zd k"gwfESi f htyDt_yifxdawGhae7av_yD? ESpfaygif;

oH k ;q<fjumoufwrf;wav#muf ikyfv# d K ;aeum vHk;0ray:cJ haomumr

399

7rufp dwfaZmrsm;u <ckawmh w[ke fxd k ;E d k ; juGxef _yi f ;vm7yg _y D ?

Þ apmuf7nfjunfawGt_ywfxGufae_yDuG? olpdwfxaeyg_yD?ß

7efyd ki fp d k ;u a_ymvd kuf_yefonf?

Þ olhapmufywfuxGufwJ ht7nfu yspfovm;? usJovm;? ß

Þ o dy fty sp f ju D ; awm h r[ kw fb l ; ? o dy fvn f ;rus Jb l ; ?

tavmawmfavmufyJuG? ß

Þ apmufacgif;0a7m- - ß

7efyd ki fp d k ;u apmufacgif;0wGif vufcv<fxdyfud ktomxdk;oGif;

vd kuf7m a':xm;7ifzifjuGwufoGm;onf?

Þ td k- -b<fvd kvkyfaewmvJ? 'kuQygyJ? @G Hvnf;r@G Hbl;? ß

Þ apmu fyw fu @ G H p7mr[kw fy gb l ;A s m ? c sp fp7mju D ;y g ?

a[m 'DrSmjunfh- - ß

400

7efyd ki fpd k ;ua_yma_ymqdkqd k a':xm;7if>aygifjum;xJod k hwd k;0if_yD;

apmufzkwfudkwcsufyspfueJukef;erf;vdkuf7m tysdKjuD;a':xm;7ifwa<muf

xckefvkrdrwwf_zpfoGm;7avonf?

Þ tm;- -tm;- -ß

yg;pyfrSvnf; atmfvd kufrdonf?

Þ ol htz kw fuxGufaewJ ht7nfawG uavm f<l _y D ; _yvd ku f

prf;uGm? _yD;7if ol hud kwufvd k;wmayg h- - ß

odef;atmifausmfua_ymvd kuf7m 7efyd ki fp d k ;vnf; a':xm;7if>

apmufywfr S<d kp dr f hx Gufaeavaom apmuf7nfjunfcÈ Jus dus dr sm ;ud k

vuf!S d K ;vufrwd k h _zif h uavmf<lum udki faÕrmuf_yonf?

Þ [kdr Smjunfhav? q7mrjuD;apmufywfuxGufwJ h apmuf7nf

junfawG? cÈ Jus dus de J h ryspfrcÈ Jav;- - ß

odef;atmifausmfu a':xm;7if>em;@Gufem;uyfum a_ymonf?

_yD;awmh vnf~kwfom;EkEkav;udk wcsuferf;vdkuf7m 7ifzd kzdef;@S de f;aeonfh

jum;rSyif a':xm;7ifrSm ausmav;wGef hoGm;7onf?

401

Þ [if htif;- -[if htif;- -rjunfhbl;? ß

a':xm;7ifu rsufaphpH kr S dwfum _iif;y<fonf?

7efyd kifpd k;u uavmf<lxm;aomapmuf7nfjunfrsm;udk a':xm;7if

>nmbuftay:E S Kwfcr f ;txuf ESmoD;0em;wGi f tomvSr f ;wd k hay;

vdkufonf?

Þ td k;- -tarh- - ß

a' :xm ;7i fwa<mu f a<mi fnn f ; av;nn f ; r d _ ye fon f ?

ap;uyfuyf| ylwlwlxdawG hr S KE Si f htwl !S DwDwDteH hoif;oif;av;ud kyg

@SLrdonf?

apmuf7nf| okwf7nfwd k h>teH hrsm;wGif umrqdyfwufapaom

tmedoifv# d K h0 Sufp Gm@ S dae7m rdr d>apmuf7nfe H hud k@ S Lr daoma':xm;7i f

wa<muf 7rufaZmyd kxef_yif;vmwm rqef;ay?

xd kaemufodef;atmifausmfu a':xm;7ifud k qd kzgjuD;ay:wGif

yufvuf_zpfatmifwGef;vS Jum oluvnf;v#if_refpGmyif tay:rSwufcG

vd kufonf? vky fy H k _re fvSay7m a':xm;7ifr Sm rdr db<fenf;b<fy H k

402

yufvufvefusoGm;onfudkyif aoaocsmcsmrodvdkuf? odef;atmifausmf

>cGpD;xm;rS KatmufwGif yufvufuav;vefv#ufom;@S daeonf?

atmufcHydwfpuyfudkrcÈwfypfao;aomfvnf; cg;wGifvefwufae7m

atmufyd ki f;onf tumtuG<frJ hIaeonf? a':xm;7ifu aygifESpfacsmif;

ud kqG Japhzd k h judK;pm;ao;onf? od k haomfodef;atmifausmfu aygifwefjuD;

rsm;ud k twif;qG J _z Jum aygifESp fc kjum;0ifIae7m<lvd kuf7m a':xm;7if

rSm aygifum;v#ufom;_zpfoGm;7_yefonf? b<fvd kr S@ ke f;uefvd k hr7awmh?

tys d KjuD;wa<mufrd k h umrpyf<SufrS Krsm;wGif A[kokwr@S dvS

aomfvnf; rdr duk ode f ;atmifausm fvd k ;awmhr Smud kawmh a':xm;7if

odaeonf?

Þ csrf;omay;ygodef;atmifausmf7<f? rvkyfygeJ h? @Sufp7mjuD;

[<f- - ß

ausmif;tkyfq7mrjuD;a':xm;7ifonf olrud kwufvd k;awmhrnf h

ausmif;om;av;odef;atmifausmfud k oem;pzG<fawmif;yefae@Smonf?

Þ q7mrjuD;ud k uÈefawmfvd k;csifaewmjum_yD? 'DaehrSyJ vd k;cGi f h

juHKawmhw<f? q7mrjuD;vnf; zDvif7_yD;ndrf haeatmif uÈefawmf

aumif;aumif;vd k;ay;rSmyg ß

403

Þ [m- -bmawGa_ymaewmvJ- - ß

ode f ;atmi fausm fu tys d K ju D ;rr p dwfawGy d kx@ Gvmatmi f

umrpyf<Sufr S Kqd ki f7mpum;rsm;ud k wpfwpfc Gc Gyi fa_ymcsvd kufonf?

xd kpum;toH k ;tESKe f ;ta_ymtqdkrsm;onf a':xm;7if>ESpfaygi f;rsm;p Gm

i ky f@ S d K ;aeavaomumrpdwf@ k di f ;ud k tyDt_yifvSKy fE S d K ;ay;vd kufE d li fonf?

apmapmuxuf yd kIumrqdyfwufvmonf?

juufoD;awGzsef;zse f;xonf? rsufvH k;vnf; yGif hyifryGif hE d li f

awmh? arS;arS;pif;aeonf? touf@SL7wm juyfovdkvd k | 7ifwzd kz d k

tonf;wat;at;ESif h? td k b<fvd kjuD;_zpfaewmvJ?

Þ _i dr f _i dr fae_y D ; aumi f ;aumi f ;tvd k ;c Hpr f ;y gq7mrjuD ;7m?

q7mrjuD;7J hapmufywfxJ uÈefawmfhvD;juD;udkoGif;awmhr<f? [kwfvm;ß

ode f ;atmifausmfu a_ymvm_yefonf? odef;atmifausmfonf

aygif_zJum;xm;I tumtuG<frJ haeavaom a':xm;7if>apmufywfudk

vuf0g;ESi f hususeetkyfum yGwfay;vd kufonf? a':xm;7ifrSm rsufaph

awGyif _yma0oGm;onf?

404

Þ [if htif;- -[if htif;- -rvkyfygeJ h- -rvkyfygeJ h- -td ktd k ß

awmif;yefoHrSm tm;r@S d? 7rufcd k ;awGv$rf;aeonf? aemufqH k;

jud K ;pm; _ci f ;t_zp f zi fjuD;ud kaumhum vSKy f@ Sm;@ ke f ;uefygao;onf?

ode f ;atmifausmfuvnf; vD;ud ktoma@S hod k haumhay;vd kuf7m zifjuD;

tvSKyfwGif ptd k0ud kvD;awhaxmufrdoGm;onf?

Þ [m- -bmjuD;vJ- - ß

a':xm;7if>yg;pyfr S a<mif<rf;a7@GwfoHay:onf? vD;E Si f h

xdrdoGm;aomptdkaygufuawmh <m;usdusdyif_zpfonf? odef;atmifausmfu

olhvD;ud k apmufywf0wGifxd k ;awhonf?

Þ apmufywfxJ vD;xd k ;oGif;awmhr<f ß

yg;pyfuvnf; a_ymvd kufao;onf?

Þ [if htif;- -[if htif;- -roGif;e J h? r7bl;- - ß

a':xm;7i fu twif ; _ii f ;qe f7i f ; zi f ju D ;u d kv S Ky f<r f ; _y D ;

vD;acsmif;juD;>tEW7m<fudk judK;pm;a@Smif@Sm;ao;onf? odef;atmifausmf

>vD;onf apmufywfud kraxmufr dy J a':xm;7i f>wifyg ;om;rsm; |

405

aygif7if;om;rsm;ud k xd k;r daxmufrdaeonf?

y l aE G ; aomv D ; ju D ; E S i f h tx dc H 7r S Kon f x l ; _ cm ;v Son f ?

a':xm;7if>@ke f;ueftm;awG ododomomavsmhusonf? vD;xdyfwGif

p d kaeaom umra@S ha_y;t7nfjunfrsm;uvnf; [d kayonfay_zpf7m

xd kt7nfjunf>umrpGrf;tm;wufjuGaponfhowWdajumif h a':xm;7if

7rufy d kxe fvmonf? 7rufxe fr S Ku a':xm;7i f>@ ke f ;ue faer S Ku d k

avsm honfxufavsm husoGm;aponf? roif havsm fr Se f ;odygaomfvnf;

_ii f ;qefz d k htm;r@ S dawmh? tys d K juD ;a':xm;7i f>taoG;tom;wd k honf

tawG htm@ k Hud k rvGe fqefE d li f juawmh? ausmi f ;tky fq7mrjuD;c_rm

vufaÕrmuft@S H K;ay;vd kuf7av_yD?

tcGi f haumif ;ud kapmi f haeaomode f ;atmi fausm fu pyf<Suf7m

apmufacgi f ;0ud kc s de f@ G<fum vD;ud ktyd ki fz daxmufvd kufonf? rde f ;r

vd k ;aeusrd k h cd se fom;ud kufonf? vD;onf apmufacgif;0ud kwnfhrwfpGm

axmufrdonf? _yD;awmh tzkwfxJod h k 'pf_yJjuD;av#mueJwd k ;0ifonf?

Þ bGyfbGyf- -bkAspf- - ß

Þ tm;- -uÈwfuÈwf- -tara7- - ß

tys d K juD ;a':xm;7i f> yguify dwfapmufywfxJ vD;'p f juD ;

406

wd k ;0i fogm;7m olrwud k<fvH k ;y lxlIoGm;onf? juufoD;awGvnf;

xonf? tzkwf0rSmwif;v#uf apmufacgif;xJwGifwpfqd k hqd k hjuD;_zpfae

onf? rdr d>rde f ;rt~F gxJod k h a<mufsm;wefqmjuD;toGif;c Hvd kuf7_yD ;

vD;0ifoGm;_yDqd kaomtodonf a':xm;7ifud k tjuD;tus<fpdwfvSKyf@Sm;

oGm;aponf? @Sufajumuf0rf;enf;rS Krsm;_zpfonfhtwl wbufwGifvnf;

p dwful;xJwGi fray:z l ;aom xl;_cm;vSonf hvS Ky f@ Sm;7ifz d kz G<f7mcHpm;r S K

ud kvnf; cHpm;7onf?

tys d KjuD;a':xm;7if w[if h[if hi d kvd kufrdonf? p tvdk;c H7aom

rdef;rwa<muf> vD;ud kt@S H K ;ay;vd kuf7onfh txdrf;trSwfav;yg?

Þ uÈe fawm f hvD ;'p f juD ; apmufywfxJ0i foGm; _y Dq7mrjuD ;?

b<fvd kaevJ[if- - ß

ode f ;atmi fausm fu qufroGi f ;ao;y J 0i faeaomvD;'p fud k

apmufywfxJtompdrfxm;7if ar;onf?

Þ rodbl;- -rodbl;- -rar;eJ h- - ß

a':xm;7ifu acgif;ud kcg<rf;um _yefa_ymvd kufonf? rsufvH k ;

rsm;rS rsuf7nfrsm;vnf;<d kp D ;usvmonf?

407

Þ yd k0ifatmif zdoGif;vd kuftkef;r<f- - ß

onfwcgwGi fr l a':xm;7if _ye fra_ymawmh? @ke f ;uefz d k hvnf;

rpOf;pm;awmh? vD;0ifae_yDrd k h @ke f;uefaev#ifvnf; tajumif;rxl;[k

em;vnfonf? rdr donf odef ;atmifausm f>r<m;_zpf7av_yD[kvnf;

oabmyd kufxm;vd kufonf? odef;atmifausmfu tomzifa_ymifjud;ud k

v S Ky fc gv#uf vD ;ud kz do Gi f ;onf? vD ;ac smi f ;aemufxyfwvufrce f h

apmufacgif;xJ_rKyf0ifonf?

Þ bGyf- -AspfAspfAspf- - ß

Þ tm;- -[if h[if h- - ß

vD;0ifr S Kajumif h a':xm;7if>ESKwfzsm;r S nnf;!loHav;ay:

xGufonf? ode f ;atmi fausm fu xyfz doGi f ;vd kuf7m vD;w0ufce f h

apmufz kwfxJ0ifonf? vD;wefxdy fz l ;onf a':xm;7if>apmufacgi f ;

xJwGif zH k ;<Sufv#uf@S daeavaom tysd KtarS;yg;ud k xdrdaxmufrdonf?

Þ [m- -q7mrjuD;u tysd Kppfppfygvm;As- - ß

ode f ;atmi fausm fonf a':xm;7i fud k vifr@ S dao;wmodaom fvnf;

tys d KtarS;yg;@S dtke f;rnf[k rar#m fvif h? tda_ENjuD;wcG Jom;ESi f h td kufwif

cHaeaomfvnf; judwfIpm;xm;rnf[kxifxm;onf? 'Dvd kr Sr[kwfv#if

408

rdrdbmomxd k;E S d Kuftmoma_z7if; tys d KtarS;yg;p kwf_ywfaernf[kvnf;

xifxm;onf? olonfr de f ;rrsm;ud k Øvd k ;p7m× [komoabmxm;7m

rde f ;rawGqdwfuG<f7mta_ctaea7mufv#i f umrrS Kwrs d K ;r s d K ;vky fju

vdrh frnf[k wbufowfwGufxm;cJ honf? 'gajumif h<ck tys d KtarS;yg;

ud kvD;ESi f h xdaxmufrdaomtcg wtHhwjoa7@Gwfrdonf?

Þ i g hr S m vi fr Sr@ S d ao;wm? tys d Ktpp fay g h[? ei fuom

ig hud k rawmfrw7m;juHwm- - ß

a':xm;7ifu a_ymonf? rcHcsi fp dwfajumif ha_ymvd kufr S KwGi f

a'gooHw0uf| 7rufoHw_crf; a7maESmaeonf?

Þ rawm f rw7m ;v ky fwm r[ kw fy gb l ; A s m ? q7mrju D ;

avmupnf;pdrfc Hpm;wwfatmif rdwfqufvrf;zGi f hay;wmygAs? ß

a_yma_ymqdkqd kodef;atmifausmfonf vD;ud ktomzdwGef;ay;onf?

vD;wGef;ay;wd ki f; tys d KtarS;yg;onf wif;ueJwif;ueJ_zpfonf?

xd kxdawG hr S Konf a':xm;7ifud k t7rf;t7omawGhapovdk odef;atmif

ausmftwGufvnf; t_ywfzDvif7onf? a':xm;7if w[if;[if;_zpfae

onf? odef;atmifausmfvnf; tHwjudwfjudwfESi f h?

odef;atmifausmfonf vD;ud ktomzdwGef;7if; tys d KtarS;yg;ud k

409

xdk;azmufae_cif;_zpfonf? tysd KtarS;yg; pkwf_ywfyGif hoGm;rnf ht7omudk

aumif;aumif;cHpm;zd k hvkyfae_cif;[kvnf; qdkEd li fonf?

a':xm;7i f> tys d K ju D ;oufwr f ;tE Sp fo H k ;q<fwav#muf

@ S daec J haomtys d Ktar S ;y g ;r Sm tawmfav;c d ki fce f honf? awmf@ k Hwe f@ k H

wGef;tm;ESif hrayguf? tm;pd kufumzdxd k ;vd kufrS tys d KtarS;yg;pkwf_ywfum

apmufacgi f ;vrf;ajumif ;y Gi f hoGm;onf? tys d KtarS ;yg ;p kwf_ywfy Gi f hoGm;

_yD;aemuf odef;atmifausmfuvnf; qufzdxd k ;csvd kuf7m vD;acsmif;juD;

wacsmif;vH k ; apmufywfxJtqHk;0ifoGm;avawmhonf?

Þ bGyfbGyf- -AspfAspf- - ß

Þ tm;- -tm;- -emvd kufwm- -tm; tm;- - ß

a':xm;7ifwa<muf 7ifawGyifaumhwufum| zifjuD;vSKyf<rf;

oGm;onf? aygifvH k ;juD;rsm;yg qwfqwfwkefvmonf?

odef;atmifausmf>vD;acsmif;juD;onf tys d KtarS;yg;pkwf_ywfI

yguifyGif hoGm;avaom a':xm;7if>apmufywfjuD;xJodk h tqHk;wdkifatmif

yifwd k ;0ifonf?

410

apmuf7nfjunfawGt7rf;p d k@ $ Jaeaomfvnf; vD;0ifz l ; _cif;r@S dy J

t da _E No du Qm@ S d p G mx de f ;o dr f ;xm;c J h aom tys d K ju D ;>apmufac gi f ;r S m

usOf;juyfvSay7m vD;wd k ;0ifoGm;oHu tawmfud ky Dy D _yif_yif_rnfonf?

vD;wd k ;0ifr S KE Si f htwl apmufacgif;xJrSapmuf7nfjunfrsm;onf t_yifod k h

tHxGufvmoHwd k hyg a7m_yGrf;aeonf?

ausmi f ;tky fq7mrjuD;a':xm;7i fwa<muf toufoH k ;q<f

t@G<fwd ki f tys d KjuD;b0_zif h a<mufsm;av;rsm;eSi f h uif;uif;@Si f;@ Si f;

aecJ h _y D; <ckrSvD;ESi f hxdawG htvdk;c H7v#uf t7oma7m| tysd KtarS;yg;

p kwf _ywfonf hemjuifr S Ka0'emt_yif rdr dxde f ;odr f ;vmcJ haomtys d K7nf

y su f<Gi f ;7av_y D[ laom @ Su fajumuf0r f ;enf ;< lus H K ;r7p dw fw d k hy g

a7m_yGrf;cHpm;7onf? vD;acsmif;juD;tqHk;wdkifxdk;oGif;cHvdkuf7rSK'^fajumifh

7ifawGyifaumhwufv#uf zifjuD;vSKyf<rf;oGm;onf? um;ay;xm;7aom

aygifvH k ; _zL_zLwkwfwkwfjuD;rsm;yg qwfqwfwkefvmonf?

Þ tm;- -tm;- -emvd kufwm- -tm; tm;tm;- - ß

yg;pyfrSvnf; atmf[pfnnf;!lvd kuf@Smrdonf? olr>udk<fay:

wufcGumvdk;aeol odef;atmifausmf>7ifbwfjuD;ud kvnf; vuf0g;av;

rsm;_zif h uref;uwef;yif vSrf;IwGef;r donf? rsufaphESp fbufud kawmh

pH kr d Swfxm;onf?

411

ode f ;atmi fausm fonf ausmi f ;t ky fq7mrjuD ;a':xm;7i f>

Ed k htH kjuD;rsm;ud k vSrf;qG Jonf? a':xm;7ifr Sm ZmabmfvD0wfxm;qJ

_zp fonf? ZmabmfvDaemufbufr S tay:qH k ;c s dwft_zKwfc Hxm;7_y D ;

b<fbufyc ke f ;od ki f ; jud K ;uvnf; bufvufarmi f ;7i f ;em;avmufud k

a7mufaeonf?

Zmabm fv D av sm h 7 J aeaom fvn f ; 7i fom ;q d k i f r s m ;uawm h

ay :wi f ju D ;r _zp f ao; ? b<fbufE d k ht H kom ; r _yL hw_yL _zp fv #u f

nmbufEd k htH kuawmh ZmabmfvD7ifbH katmufwGif vH kvH k _c H K _c H K@ S daeao;

onf? ode f ;atmifausm fu ZmabmfvDud kcÈwfc Gmrypfao;yJ tay:rS

tomtkyfIud ki fonf? a':xm;7ifonf a@S;@d k ;y H kZmabmfvDud k0wfxm;7m

7ifbH krsm;u xlxJonf? rmuspfonf?

odk haomfodef;atmifausmfu cyf!Spf!Spfud kifvd kuf7m xlxJrmuspf

aom7ifbH krsm;atmufrS rd k h0ef;wif;7if;aom7ifom;qd ki fwd k h>txdtawGh

ud kawmh rodromcHpm;7onf? a':xm;7iftaeESif hawmh xdkod k hE d k htudki fcH

v d ku f7r S Kajumi f h z Dvi ft_ywf7aeonf? E d k hE Sp fv H k ;u d kq ky fe<f7i f ;

vD;acsmif;juD;ud kvnf zduyfumaumhaumhay;ae7m tys d KjuD;c_rmrSm

w[if;[if;ESi f h vl;umvGef humaumhumys Hum_zpfae7@Smonf?

yguifzGi f h _y D;ump tysd KjuD;>apmufywfESi f h xd k;oGif;xm;aom

412

vD;acsmi f ;juD; <Ofyg;tHusatmif acwWr#z duyfxd k ;p dr fxm;_y D ;aemuf

odef;atmifausmfu ausmif;tkyfq7mrjuD;a':xm;7ifud k pIvdk;aqmif h

avawmhonf? tpyd ki f ;wGi f wcsufcsi f ; _znf;_znf;r Se fr SE faqmif hoGi f ;

r S K _zif h tpys d K ;onf?

Þ zGwfzwfzkwfzkwf- -zGwfzGwfzwfzkwf- - ß

Þ tm;- -trav;- -tif h [if h- - ß

Þ zGwfzGwfzkwf- -td k;- -zGwfzGwf- -tif h[if h[if h ß

Þ zGwf- -tdtd tm;- -zGwfzGwfzGwf- -trav;aemf [if; ß

tm;odyfrxnfhao;yJ jurf;_yifnDaqmifhenf;_zif h _znf;_znf;rSefrSef

aqmifhvdk;ae7m tysdKjuD;rSm zDvifawGwufvmv#uf @Sufajumuf0rf;enf;

aeonf h jum ;r Syi f touf@ S Lr S m ;o H | nnf ;o Hav;r s m ; _y Kr don f ?

vD;juD;ud k zdaqmif hoGif;vd kufwd ki f; olr>wifyg;qH kjuD;onf qdkzgay:

tdItdIwif;oGm;onf? ptd kaygufu r_yJw_yJ_zpfonf? onfjum;xJ

a~G;tkrsm;u zifjum;ud kwzwfzwfESif h@ k dufrdae_yef7m ptdk0wnfhwnfhod k h

@ k dufr donf htcgrsm;wGi f a':xm;7ifwa<muf yd kI7ifz d karm[d kufoGm;

7onf? odef;atmifausmfuvnf; umrrSKwGifaumif;aumif;uÈrf;ae7m

ausmif;tkyfq7mrtysd KjuD;pG Jrufavmufatmif tpGrf;_yvd k;ay;aeonf?

413

umrt7omonf a':xm;7ifwudk<fvH k;v$rf;rd k ;xm;onf? a':xm;7if

c_rmrSm umrEG Hr S@ ke f;rxGufEd li fawmh_yD? odef;atmifusmf>tawGhxl;_yD;

taqmif haumif;vSaomvdk;csufrsm;wGif t7nfaysmfumusoGm;7avawmh

onf?

odef;atmifausmfonf jurf;_yifnDaqmif hvd k;enf;_zif h tysdKjuD;>

7ruftm@ k Hxe f _yi f ;vmatmi f q<f hi g ;c sufr #aqmi f hv d k ;ay; _y D ;aemuf

atmufyif haqmif henf;ESi f h a_rpd kufaqmif henf;rsm;ud k a_ymif;oH k ;vmonf?

aqmif htm;vnf; yd kIyd kIÕrif hwifay;onf? a':xm;7if>b<fbufEd k htH k

ud kvnf; ZmabmfvD7ifbH kxJrS t_yifod k hwpf_yLxGufvmatmifqG Jxkwf

<lum y<fy<fe<fe<fvuf0g;_zif h tkyfud ki fqkyfe<fonf?

atmufyif hESif ha_rpd kufaqmifhvd k;csufrsm;oHk;um aqmifhvd k;aeaom

vD;acsmif;juD;onf a':xm;7if>apmufaphud k tyDyif xdrdyGwfrdonf?

xd k;r dwd kufrdonf? vD;uapmufacgif;xJod k hvnf; eif haeatmif0ifonf?

txl;o_zif h atmufyif haqmif hcsufrsm;wGi f vD;'pfonf om;tdr fud k

w'kwf'kwf_rnfatmifyif xdrdaqmif hr donf?

tvdk;cHae7olausmif;tkyfq7mrtysd KjuD;rSm apmapmyd ki f;uxuf

yd kIt7omawGhaeonf? wudk<fvH k;qwfqwfwkefcgonf? qdkzgcke fay:

cif;xm;aomuwDygpudk vufacsmif;rsm;_zif hukwf_cpfqG Jrdonf? aygifjuD;

414

rsm;onf aumhumaxmifum a_caxmufrsm;udkavxJodkhvSKyf@Sm;uefausmuf

ovdkvkyfr donf? yg;pyfuvnf; toHyvHrs d K ;p H k _rnfwrf;a7@Gwfrdonf?

aqmif hvd k ;oHawGu yd kus<fvmonf?

Þ bGyfbGyfbkbGyf- - ß

Þ tm;yg;yg; @S D ;- - ß

Þ bGyf- -tD;- -bGyfbGyf- -trav; av;- - ß

Þ b<f hE S<fvJq7mrjuD ;- -tvd k ;c H7wm aumi f ;vm_y D

r[kwfvm;- - ß

415

ode f ;atmi fausm fu aqmi f hv d k ;tm;u d ktenf ;i<fav#m hum

zduyfjudwfvd k;ay;7if; tysd KjuD;>em;em;uyfI ESpfud k<fjum;ar;vd kuf

onf? xd ko d k har;t_y D ;wGi f cy fqwfqwfa_rp d ku faqmi f hc sufwcsuf

aqmif hcsvd kuf7m a':xm;7iftif hueJ touf@SLrSm;yifoGm;onf?

ausmif;tkyfq7mrjuD;onf odef;atmifausmf>tar;udk _yefra_z?

tHwif;wif;judwfv#uf rsufESmud kwbufod k hv$ Jxm;vd kufonf? olr>

wudk<fvH k ;@ S daoG;om;rsm; qlyGufatmifyifEd k ;juGvmum umrrD;avmif

_r d Ku fI t7omt_ywfawG hae7wmr Se faom fvnf ; <ckr Sy gui fz Gi f h

ptvdk;cH7aomtysdKjuD;wa<mufrdk h tvdk;cH7wmaumif;onf[kay:wifjuD;

xkwfa_ym7rSmud kawmh @Suf@G Hvd k haeygonf?

odef;atmifausmfonf ZmabmfvD7ifbHkatmufrS qGJxkwfxm;aom

b<fbufEd k htH k>Ed k hoD;acgif;ud k cyfqwfqwfav;udkif!Spfum atmufyif h

aqmif hvd k ;csufoH k ;csuf tm;_yif;_yif;aqmif hvd k ;xnfhvd kufavonf?

Þ bGyfbGyfbGyf- -tm; uÈwfuÈwf- -aoyg_yD tm; ß

xdrd_yif;xefaomaqmif hcsufrsm;rd k h a':xm;7ifpkwfoyfnnf;um

zifjuD;awG<rf;oGm;onf?

416

Þ q7mr emoGm;vd k hvm; ß

odef;atmifausmfu udkif!Spfxm;aomEd k hoD;acgif;ud k cyfememav;

vdrfqG J _y D; ar;vd kufonf?

Þ [if h- -tif;- - ß

zDvift7rf;wufaecs de fwGif Ed k hoD;qdwftqGJcH7aomtcg emem

juifjuifESi f h umrqdyfwrs d K ;xl;aomajumif h a':xm;7ifrSm rdef;r de fr l;r l;

_zpfum toHwkefwkefav;ESif h _yefa_ym@Smonf?

Þ 'gqd k aumi f ;w<fayg h ? [kwfvm;? aqmi f hv d k ;ay;wm

cHvd k hr d kufw<fr[kwfvm;- - ß

Þ [m- -rodbl;uGm- -wu<fyJ ß

Þ q7mrjuD;remawmhbl;qd k7if t_ywfvd k ;awmhr<f?

a[m'DrSm- - ß

odef;atmifausmfu a':xm;7if>zifqH kjuD;ud k qGJ<lyif hwifum

w7jurf;aqmif hvd k;ypfvd kufonf?

417

Þ bGyfbGyfbGyf- -bk- -bGyfbGyf- - ß

Þ trav;av;- -tm; ß

Þ bGyfbGyf- -tm; tD;- -tm;- -bGyfbGyfbGyfbGyf ß

ode f ;atmifausm fu wtm;uke fyi f tm;remwrf;jurf ;jurf ;

aqmif hvd k ;ypfvd kufonf? zifqH kjuD;qG Jyi f hum zdaqmif hvd k ;csufrsm;r d k h

xdrd_yif;xefvSonf? a':xm;7ifonf zDvift7rf;wufum 7rufaZm

t_ywfxefae7m odef;atmifausmf>jurf;wrf;_yif;xefaomvdk;csufrsm;udk

tyDyifcHaeonf? yg;pyfu atmf[pfnnf;wGm;oHawGay:xGufaeaomfvnf;

zifjuDud k aumhaumhay;onf?

odef;atmifausmfu tm;t_yif;qHk;aqmif hcsufig;csuf pufaoewf

ypfovdk usHK;IaqmifhoGif;ay;vdkufaomtcgwGifawmh ausmif;tkyfq7mrjuD;

a':xm;7i fr Sm umrpnf ;p dr ftxGwftxdy fo d k hwufvSr f ;a7muf@ S dum

wcs D Ø_yD;× oGm;7avawmhonf?

Þ tm;tD;tD;- -b<fvd kjuD;vJ td k;td k ;- -trav;av;- -

tm; tm;- - ß

418

olrwoufESi f hwud k<f rjuH Kz l ;ao;aomumrt7omajumif h

a':xm;7ifr Sm vl;vGe f haumhys Hum rsufaphp H kr S dwfI yg;pyfr SwtD;tD;

wtm;tm;atmf[pf_rnfwrf;um odef;atmifausmfud k vufESpfbuf_zif h

twif;vSrf;Iyif zufxm;vd kufavonf?

rdrdvd k ;ay;rS Kajumif h ausmif;tkyfq7mrjuD; Ø_yD;× oGm;ajumif;

7 dy fr daomode f ;atmi fausm fu ol>vD;acsmi f ; juD ;ud k apmufywfxJ

tqHk;xd k ;oGif;um zduyfay;xm;vd k fonf? zdtm;ajumif h a':xm;7if>

rd k hazgif;aeaomqD;cke fE Si f hapmufywfjuD;yif ydyd_ym;_ym;_zpfonf?

Todk hvD;acsmif;juD;ud k apmufacgif;xJod k htqHk;zdxd k ;oGif;ay;xm;

vd kufonfhtwGuf odef;atmifausmftae_zif h a':xm;7if hapmufywf>

xl;_cm;vSaompkyftm;ud k yD_yifpGmcHpm;cGi f h7@S doGm;avawmhonf?

rde f ;rrsm;>apmufywfrsm;onf wckESi f hwckrwlyg? tcs d K haom

rdef;rwd k h>apmufywfrsm;u vD;ud k!Spf<lpkyfwwfonf? a':xm;7if>

apmufywfonf xd kod k h!Sp f<lwwfaomapmufywftrs d K ;tpm;_zpfonf?

apmapmyd ki f;vd k ;aqmif haepOfwkef;uawmh apmufywfonf onfavmuf

!Spf<l_cif;r@S dao;ay? cyfomomav;om!Spfae7m odef;atmifausmf

uvnf; ygui fz Gi f h _y D ;ump tys d K ju D ;>apmufywfvd k ;aumi f ;v SI

zdwG<fae7m apmufywf!Spftm;udk owdrrlcJ hr day? <ckyxrqHk;tjudrf

a':xm;7if Ø_yD;× cJ haomtcg olr>aoG;om;rsm;u tqifhukefEd k ;juG

419

xef_yif;vSKyf@ Sm;vm7m apmufywfjuD;uvnf; tyDt_yif!Spf<lpkyf<k l

aecs de f | odef;atmifausmfuvnf; vD;acsmif;juD;ud ktqH k;z dxd k ;oGif;um

zduyfxm;av7m xl;_cm;vSaomapmufywf!Spfay;rS Kz Dvifud k ususee

xdawGhcHpm;7avawmhonf?

!Spf<lrS Kuvnf; wu<fhud kaumif;onf? apmufacgif;twGif;

om;rsm;omru apmufzkwfES Kwfcrf;om;rsm;_zif hyg!SyfI ppfueJppfueJ

aeatmif !Spf<lpkyf<lju_cif;_zpfonf? apmufacgif;twGif;om;rsm;onf

El;nHhv#uf apmuf7nfjunfrsm;uvnf; cÈJusdaeav7m qDokwfxm;aom

vuf_zif h vD;ud kqkyfe<fay;aeovdkrs d K ; _zpfonf?

apmufywfESKwfcrf;om;rsm;> !Spftm;pkyftm;uawmh apmufacgif;

xJu!SpfyH kE Si f hrwl? wpfbmom_zpfonf? apmufzkwfES Kwfcrf;om;onf

ol hbmomawmhe l ;nH haom fvnf; apmufcgi f ;twGi f ;om;rsm;E Si f hpmv#i f

cyfxlxl_zpfonf? umrqdyfwufcs de fwGif apmuftH kjuD;zl;z l;@ Gaecs de fr d k h

apmufywfeS Kwfcrf;om;rsm;uvnf; rd k hazgif;xltrf;aeonf? xd ktzkwf

E S Kwfcr f ;om;xlxlazgi f ;azgi f ;r sm;u vD;t7if ;y d ki f ;ud k!Sp f<laeav7m

odeff;atmifausmf>vD;juD;onf aighueJaighueJvSKyfcg vD;xdyfzl;juD;rSmvnf;

[d kvS Ky fonf<rf; _zp fv#uf euf@ S d Ki f ;p Gmwd k ;0i faeavaomapmufacgi f ;

twGif;bufyd ki f ;ESi f hom;tdrf0wd k hud k ususeexdyGwfay;ovdkrs d K ; _zpfonf?

420

xdkod k hvD;'pfvSKy f@ Sm;y Gwfwd kufr S Krs d K ;onf omrefta_ctaewGif

r_zpfE d li fovd k vkyf<lIvnf;r7yg? <ckapmufywfES Kwfcrf;om;xlxl

rsm;u vD;weft7if;yd ki f ;ud k!Spf<lvd kufaomajumif h vD;wacsmif;vH k ;@ S d

tm@k Hajumrsm; "gwfvd kuftm;oGi f ;c H7ovd ktouf0ifoGm;onf htwGuf

vD;acsmif;ESi f;'pfzl;wd k honf tvdkvd kvSKyf@ Sm;xd k ;ar$ay;ae_cif;_zpfonf?

aemufqH k ;ay:txl;p Dr HwDxGi fxm;aom bd ki fba7wmrsm;r Som

vky faqmifay;E d li fp Gr f ;@ S daomudp P _zp fonf? 'gajumif h atmufbuf@ S d

ausmi f ;t kyrq7mrjuD ;a':xm;7i fa7m | ausmi f ;t ky fq7mrjuD ;u d k

wufc Gum csaeaomausmi f ;om;o de f ;atmi fausm fy g wud k< fv H k ;

tajumqGJovdk xd k;xd k ;xGef hxGef hyif_zpfukefjuavonf?

Þ tm;yg;yg;- -[if h[if h[if h- -tk dtd k- - ß

tys d KjuD; ar;@k dufoHav;eSif h wkefwkefc d kufcd kufnnf;vd kufonf?

Þ tm;tdtd- -q7mrjuD;7m- -tm; tm;- - ß

odef;atmifausmfonf tHjudwfum a7@Gwfrdonf? ol>OD;acgif;

armhIarmhIyifoGm;onf?

421

apmufywf>xda7mufv Saom !Sp ftm ;p ky ftm ;w d k h a jumi f h

odef;atmifausmfr Sm okwf7nfawGrxGufoGm;7atmifyif renf;juD;yif

xde f ;xm;vd kuf7onf? a':xm;7if>apmufywfxJwGi f okwf7nfrsm;

yef;xnfhay;_cif;ud k rvkyfvd kao;yg? olhwGif tjuH@S donf?

a':xm;7ifrSm wudk<fvHk;juGwufoGm;atmifud k rdef;rdef;rl;rl;juD;

Ø_yD;× oGm;cJ h7mrS tenf;i<f_yefwnf_idr fvmv#uf 7rufaZm'D~7Dvnf;

tenf;i<favsmhusvm7m rdrdonfodef;atmifausmfud k vufESpfbufESi f h

wif;juyfp Gmtm;7yg;7ayG hzufxm;@k Homru odef ;atmifausm f>cg;ud kyg

a _caxmufr sm ;E Si f h ty Dyi fc s dw f! Sy fum@ S daeonfud k owd _y Kr dum

tawmfjuD;ud k @Suf@ G H hoGm;v#uf| yg;pyfr S Ø[m× [ka<mifatmfum

zufxm;aomvufrsm;ud ka_zv$wfI cGxm;aoma_caxmufrsm;ud kvnf;

z<fcGmonf? odef;atmifausmftm;vnf; ab;od k hwGef;z<fypfonf?

o de f ;atmi fausm fr S m a':xm;7i ftay: z g ;p D ;i g ;p D ;q d kovd k

ususeewufcGxm;v#ufom;@S daeonfht_yif ol hvD;acsmif;juD;uvnf;

apmu fyw fx Jo d k h oy f@ k du fo Gi f ;xm ;ovd ktqH k ;x d k ;o Gi f ;xm ;ay7m

a':xm;7ifwGef;z<fcsaomfvnf; r7Ed li fy J tay:rS7ifcsif;tyfv#ufom;

xyfv#ufom; @S d _r J@ S daeonf?

Þ [dwf- -z<fawmhuGm- -_yD;_yDr[kwfvm; ß

a':xm;7ifu yg;pyfrSvnf;a_ymvd kufrdonf? rdrd>ausmif;rS

422

ausmif;om;wa<mufESif h cGv#ufom;juD;@S daeonfud k tae7t7rf;cuf

aeonf?

Þ q7mrjuD;om _yD;oGm;wm? uÈefawmfrS v7nfrxGufao;yJ?

uÈefawmf hvD;juD;uvnf; awmifaewkef;yJav? [kwfw<fr[kwfvm; ß

a_ym7if;odef;atmifausmfu a':xm;7if>apmufzkwfxJ tqHk;wdkif

xduyfxd k ;p dr fxm;aom ol hiyJacsmi f ;juD;ud kwcsufaumhay;vd kufonf?

a':xm;7if>7rufpdwfxef_yif;rSK tenf;i<ft@SdefusoGm;I apmufywfjuD;

>!Sp ftm;p ky ftm;uvnf; avsm hy g ;aysmufysufoGm;aomajumi f hom

<ckvd kvD;ud k aumhvd kufEd li f _cif;_zpfonf? wtm;!Spf<lpkyf<laewkef;om

aumhvd kufygu okwf7nfawGxGufukefzd k hrsm;ayonf? xdkod k haumhvd kufrS K

a jumi f h apmufac gi f ;u d kv D ;E Si f h z dy Gw fv d ku fovd kr d k h a':xm;7i fr S m

7ifxJ'de f;ueJyifcke fum yg;pyfrSvnf; Øtd k ; × [kyif toHxGufrdonf?

Þ 'kuQygyJ? _yD;yJ r_yD;Ed li fawmhbl;vm; ß

odef;atmifausmfu okwf7nfrxGufao;yJ vD;rwfawmifaeqJrd k h

r dr d>tvdk;cHZmwfvrf;vnf; wpcef;r7yfao;? odef;atmifausmfvk d ;wm

qufIc H7tke f ;rnf[kawG ;r dum a':xm;7i fnnf ;! lvd ku favonf?

a':xm;7ifrSm umrpyf<SufrS Kt7omudk aumif;rSe f;odp_yKum wyfruf

oabmusae_yD_zpfaomfvnf; a<mufsm;rsm;eSifhuif;uif;@Sif;@Sif;aevmcJhaom

423

ausmif;tkyfq7mrtysd KjuD;wa<mufrd k h tvdk;cHae7wmudk @Sufaeao;

onf?

Þ uÈefawmfu wrifv7nfrxGufatmif xdef;ay;xm;wmyg

q7mrjuD;&J h? q7mrjuD;udkvdk;7if; apmufywfxJrSmv7nfawGxGufukef7if

q7mrjuD; ud k<f0ef@S doGm;_yD; Ad kufjuD;vmrSmayg h- - ß

TtcgusrSyif ausmif;tkyfq7mrjuD;r Sm a<musfm;ESi f hr de f ;r

umrpyf<Sufv#if Ad kufjuD;wwfajumif;ud kowd7v#uf xdwfxdwf_ym_ym

_zpfoGm;7avonf?

Þ [m- -ig hud k [d k- -Ad kufjuD;wJ htxdawmh rvky fyge J h

odef;atmifausmf&<f? tJ'gud kawmh qif_cifygaemf ß

a':xm;7ifu awmif;yef@Smonf? apmufywfxJvD;juD; weifhwydk;

0ifatmiftoGif;c H7_yD; _y Dr d k h a':xm;7iftae_zif h rvd k ;z d k hawmif;yef_cif;

r_yKomawmhyJ rdrdA d kufrjuD;vma7;ud kom a_ym7avawmhonf?

Þ apmufywfxJv7nfyef;rxnfh7if b<fvd kvky fA d kufjuD;E d li f

r S mvJ ? ' gayr<f hv d k ;w<fqd kwm v7nfxGufr Sz Dvi ft_ynf h7wm?

'Dawmh q7mrjuD; uÈefawmf hud kv7nfxGufatmifawmh vkyfay;7vdrf h

424

r<f? vkyfay;rSmvm;- - ß

tysd KjuD;rr| _yefta_zay;7ef@Sufum ESKwfwGef hIaeonf?

Þ tJvd k rvkyfay;7if q7mrjuD;7J hapmufywfxJrSmyJ v7nfawG

yef;xkwfay;vd kufr<f- - ß

a_yma_ymqd kqd k oH k ;csufqif hum cyf_yif; _yif;aqmif hay;vd kuf

onf?

Þ bGy f- -bGy fb Gy f- -ti f h [i f h[i f h - -rxnf hy ge J h ?

txJrSmawmh rxnfhyge J h? ß

a':xm;7ifonf xdrdaomaqmif hcsufoH k ;csufajumif h touf@SL

yifrSm;oGm;7_yD;aemuf tavmwjuD;yifa_ym@Smonf?

odef;atmifausmfu aqmifhcsufrsm;udk7yfum vD;udkapmufywfxJ

xd k;ESp fp dr fxm;vd kuf_yD;- -

Þ 'gqdk uÈefawmfhudkv7nfxGufatmif q7mrjuD;vkyfay;rSmvm;ß

Þ ig- -igu- -b<fvd kvkyfay;7rSmvJ- - ß

425

a':xm;7if wkefwkef7D7DESi f har;vd kufonf?

onfpum;rs d K ;awG tcs Dtcsa_ymae7I @SufvSonf? xdkenf;wl

onfpum;rs d K ;a_ymvd kuf7rSKajumif hvnf; olr>7rufpdwfu _yefvnfI

'D~7D_rif hwufvmonf?

Þ b< fv d kv k y f a y ; 7r< fq d kwm ae mu f awm h a _ y mr< f ?

vkyfr<f rvkyfbl;om t7ifa_ym- - ß

Þ vkyf- -vkyf- -yg hr<f ß

bmawGvkyfcd ki f ;rnfud k rodaomfvnf; rdrdtae_zif h Ad kufrjuD;

zd k huta7;juD;vSonfhtwGuf a':xm;7ifrSm rvkyfcsifygyJESi f h oabmwl

vufcHvdkuf7onf?

Þ 'Dvd kr Sayg h? ud ki f;- -tck [kdaumif7efyd ki fp d k ;ud k tvSnf hay;

vd kuftke f ;r<f? oluvnf; q7mrjuD ;ud kvd k ;z d k h vD ;armi f ;wi f _y D ;

apmif haewm- - ß

ausmif;tkyfq7mrjuD;a':xm;7ifudk tydkifudkifEd lif_yDrd k h odef;atmif

ausmfu tm;7auseyfpGma_ym_yD; olhiyJjuD;ud kapmufywfxJrSqG Jxkwfum

426

a':xm;7if>udk<fay:rS z<fcGmoGm;onf?

TtcgrSyif a':xm;7ifonf teD;ywf0ef;usifud k owd_yKrd

vmonf? apmapmuawmh ajumufpdwf| 0rf;enf;p dwf| xd kaemuf

umr7rufaZmt[kefwd k hajumif h rdr dab;em;wGi frnfolawG@S daeonfud k

rodEd li fy J arhovdk_zpfaecJ honf? <ckrS q7mra':wifrm0if;| ausmif;ol

rav;rusi f[ ke fE S i f h r dr d>nDr olZmci fw d h k av;a<mufom;onf

rdrdt@Sufukefatmif tvdk;cH7onfhtem;wGif@S daejuum rdrdtvdk;cHyH krsm;udk

tprStqHk;awGh_rifukefju_yDudk em;vnfum t7rf;@SufajumufoGm;onf?

@Sufajumufolrdef;rwdk h>vkyf_rJtwdkif; eD;7ift0wftxnfwckudk

vSrf;qG Jv#uf rdrdrsufeSmud kz H k ;tkyfxm;vd kufrdonf? a':xm;7ifvSrf;qG J

<lvd kufr donfrSm ode f ;atmifausm fcÈwfcsxm;aom olr>tay:0wf

tuFs Dyif_zpfonf?

Þ a[h- -7efyd ki fp d k ;? vmaqmfayawmh? yguifyGi f hoGm;wmrd k h

apmufywfrSm aoG;awmhxGufaew<f? a7aq;cd ki f ;csi fc d ki f ;av- - ß

odef;atmifausmfu 7efyd ki fp d k ;ud kvSrf;a_ymonf?

rdrdudk olwdkhtvdk;cHrdef;rt_zpfoabmxm;um tvSnfhhay;aeajumif;

em;vnfaomfvnf; a':xm;7ifrSm bmrSra_ymomawmhyg? @SufvGef;vS

427

aomajumifh rsufESmudktkyfI aygifwefjuD;awGaphum wapmif;cyfauG;auG;

av;vkyfaerdonf? tvdk;cH_yD;umprd k h ydwfpuyfu cg;wGifvefwufae7m

zifjuD;u ta_ymifom;_zpfIaeonf?

Þ a7aq;rc d ki f ;awmhy gbl ;uGm? okwfyp fvd kuf7 ki f 7wmyJ?

usifusif- -wpf@SL;ayygay;prf;? q7mrjuS D;apmufywfrSm ayusHaewm

awGokwfypf7atmif ß

7efyd ki fpd k ;ua_ym_yD; vufurf;vk duf7m rusif[kefu wpf@SL;ayyg

wvdyf<lay;vd kufonf?

r su fe S mu d ktuF s D E S i f ht ky fum r su fap hp H k r S dw fxm;aom fvnf ;

pum;oHrsm;udkawmh a':xm;7ifaumif;aumif;jum;ae7onf? odef;atmif

ausm fcsoGm;_y D ;aemuf t_cm;ausmif;om;wa<muf_zpfaom7efy d ki fp d k ;u

rdrdud kqufI vdk;awmhrSmygvm;[kem;vnfod@S dum @Sufajumuf7ifzd k |

7rufaZmxefum pdwfvSKyf@ Sm;aeavonf?

Þ q7mrjuD;- -yufvufvSefvd kufyg- - ß

7efyd ki fp d k ;u cyfapmif;apmif;| cyfapGapGav;_zpfaeI tdwif;ae

avaom a':xm;7if>zifqH k _zL_zLjuD;ud k vufESi f hcyfomomykwf7if;

428

a_ymonf? a_yma_ymqd kqd kyi f a':xm;7i f>wifom;juD ;ud kqG Jum

yufvuf_zpfatmifvkyfvd kufonf? a':xm;7ifonf acwWawmif hc Hae

ao;aomfvnf; 7efyd ki fp d k ;qG J<l7mod k hygum yufvufuav;_zpfoGm;onf?

rsufeSmud kawmh tkyfxm;qJ?

Þ aygifjuD;awG um;vd kufav? apmufywfud k okwfay;r<f ß

7efyd ki fp d k ;u a_ym_yefonf?

a':xm;7ifu aygifwefjuD;rsm;ud k um;ray;? aph_rJaphxm;onf?

xd kajumif h7efyd ki fp d k ;uyif vuf_zif hy d ki fy d ki fE d li fE d li fud ki fum qGJum;ypfvd kuf

onf? a':xm;7if>aygifwef_zL_zLwkwfwkwfjuD;ESpfacsmif; cyfum;um;

_zpfoGm;av_yD?

odef;atmifausmfyguifzGifhum vdk;xm;avaoma':xm;if>apmufywf

juD;r Sm apmuf7nfrsm;p d k@ $ Jazmif ;r d k hum aoG;rsm;vnf;xGufIaeonf?

7efyd ki fp d k ;u wpf@SL;ayygpuULprsm;_zif h a':xm;7if>apmufywfjuD;ESi f h

aygif_cHw0d kufayusHaeonfrsm;udk ususeeyifokwfypfonf? okwfay;7if;

tzkwfudk rxdwxdqdkovdkyGwfay;ovdkvd kvkyfay;vdkuf7m a':xm;7if>

pdwfxJwGif at;ueJ|aEG;ueJ_zpfIoGm;onf?

Þ aqmf7if olhud kom_yD;atmifvkyfay;- -? apmufywfxJrSmawmh

t7nfawG yef;rxGufapeJ h- - ß

429

a':xm;7i fud kvd k ;awmhrnf h7e fy d ki fp d k ;tm; ode f ;atmi fausm fu

vSr f ; a _ymonf ? ' guvnf ; tvd k ;c H7rn f h ausmi f ;t ky fq7mrju D ;

p dwfy d kvS Ky f@ Sm;vmap7efE Si f h rdr dwd k hqufvuftvkyfc d ki f ;rnf h 7ufa7m

yufpufonfhumrrSKrsm;ud k a':xm;7ifr_iif;Ed li f7atmif judKwifcGi fcs

vd kufrSKvnf;_zpfonf?

Þ at;yguG? igenf;vnfygw<f- - ß

Þ _yD ;oGm;wJ htcg ol hapmufz kwfu t7rf;!Sp fwwfp ky fwwf

wmuG? tJ'gud kvnf; owdxm;tkef;- - ß

'guawmh 7efyd ki fp d k ;ud k owday;vd kufrS K _zpfonf?

Þ td kau- -aus;Zl;yJ- - ß

a':xm;7i f>apmufywfr Sm pky ftm;aumif ;aomapmufywf[k

od7I 7efyd ki fp d k ;oabmusonf? olonfodef;atmifausmfavmuf rdef;r

pH katmifrvd k;z l;ao;yg? apmufywftcs d K h pkyftm;!Syftm;aumif;wwfyH k

tajumif ;rsm;ud k pmtky frsm;xJwGi fzwfz l ; _y D ; olrsm;a_ymwmjum;z l ;

aomfvnf; udk<fwd ki fawmh rjuHKawG hz l;ao;ay?

430

pkyftm;!Spftm;aumif;vSonfqdkaom a':xm;7if>apmufywfjuD;

ud k vd k;junfhvd kp dwfxufoefvmav7m ayusHaeonfrsm;ud kt_refokwf

ypf _y D ;aemuf apmufz kwf0wGi fvD;acsmi f ;juD;ud k ususeeawhaxmuf

v d ku fonf ? a':xm;7i fr S m @ Su fajumufw ke fv S Ky faeonf hen f ;w l

7rufaZmvnf;Ed k ;juGae7m tzkwfonfaEG;aw;aw;ESif h rd k hr d k hazgif;azgif;

@Gaeonf? t7nfjunfrsm;uvnf; wpdrf hp dr f hxGufaeavao;onf?

odef;atmifausmf>vD;juD;'^fajumifh tzkwfrSmtenf;i<fa<mifI

teDa7mifawmh oef;aeonf? 7efyd ki fp d k ;onfvD;ud k tzkwf0wGifususee

awhaxmuf_yD;aemuf wHawG;rsm;axG;csonf? wHawG;wd k honf vD;acsmif;

juD;ay:od k husonf? apmufywf0ESif hvD;xdyf awhuyfrdaomae7may:od k h

vnf;usonf? apmufywfay:od k hvnf; usao;onf? apmufywfwGif

apmuf7nfjunfrsm;p d k@ $ Jaeaomfvnf; <ckrSpItvd k ;c Hz l ;oltys d KjuD;r d k h

vD ;t0ify d kacsmr Gwfap7ef 7efy d ki fp d k ;u wHawG;rsm;qGwfay;vd kuf _ci f ;

_zpfonf?

vD ;>t7omud k tyDodae_y D _zp faom apmufywfjuD ;onf

vD;tawhcH7aomtcg w'dwf'dwfESi f haoG;awGwd k;v#uf wqwfqwfyif

vSKy fIwkefvmonf? awhxm;aomvD;rSmvnf; apmufywfwodrf hodrf h

wkefr S Kud k tdueJtdueJaeatmif xdawGhc Hpm;ae7onf? pkyftm;!Spftm;

aumif;vSonfqdkaomapmufywfjuD;udk vdk;junfhvdkpdwfxufoefaeaom

431

7efyd ki fpd k ;rSm TxdawGhrS K>qGJaqmiftm;ajumif h pdwfawGrxdef;Ed li fatmif

_zpfvmonf? umrpdwfrke f<k daomqif@k di f ;vd k @k di f ;p d ki f ;jurf;wrf;Ivm

av_yD? xd kajumif hawhxm;aomolhiyJjuD;ud k a':xm;7if>apmufywf

juD;xJodk h tm;7yg;7yifzdaqmifhxdk;oGif;csvdkufavawmhonf? pdwfxxESifh

z dxd k ;oGi f ;vd kufonf htwGuf vD;toGi f ;ud k xde f ;yi frxde f ;E d li fawmh?

TwGif yguifyGi f h _y D ;ump vD;0ifvrf;ajumif;vnf;a_zmif haeavaom

apmufywfjuD ;xJod k h 7e fy d ki fp d k ;>vD ;ac smi f ; juD ;onf w@S de fw d k ;yi f

' kwfueJwd k ;0ifoGm;avawmhonf?

tawmfawmh toGi f ;7ufpuf7musoGm;onf? 7efy d ki fp d k ;onf

q7mrjuD;ud kvd k ;7mwGif olhiyJtm; wxpfcsif;wtdtdacsmhumoGif;ay;zd k h

p dwful;@S donf? 'gayr<fh vdk;csifaZmtm;juD;rS KESi f h apmufywf>wkefcgrS K

txdtawGhwd k hajumif h xd kp dwful;b<fa7mufoGm;onfrSe f;rodyJ _rif;ud k

432

Zufy H kay;vd ku fovd k vD ;ud kvnf ;tm; _zi f hz daqmi f hx d k ;o Gi f ;c sr donf?

z daqmif htm;ajumif h vD;acsmi f ;juD;wacsmi f ;vH k ; wcsufwnf;E Si f hyi f

apmufywfxJtqHk;wd ki f _rKyf0ifoGm;avawmhonf?

Þ bGyfbGyfbkAspf- -yvpfbGyfbGyf ß

Þ trav;av;- -emvdkufwm? juyfw<f- -t7rf;juyfw<f?

aoyg_yD- -tm;- - ß

tys d KtarS ;yg ;p kwf _ywfum yguifz Gi f hc Hxm;7_y D ; _zp faomfvnf;

7efyd ki fp d k ;>vD;oGif;jurf;rS K'^fajumif h a':xm;7ifrSm apmufywfxJwGif

atmif hItvGefemum xGef hxGe f hyifvl;oGm;7avonf? wcsufwnf;ESi f h

tqH k ;xd k ;o Gi f ;vd ku fonf hvd k ;c sufatmufwGi f a':xm;7i f>tys d K7nf

ysuf_yD;ump apmufywfjuD;onf wif;juyfyd_ym;oGm;avonf?

Þ aqm7D;Asm- -q7mrjuD;? vd k;csi ftm;juD;_yD; wcsufwnf;

tqHk;z doGif;vd kufrdw<f? t7rf;emoGm;vm; ß

rdrd>vD;'^fudk rcsdrqefhcHae7@Smaom ausmif;tkyfq7mrjuD;udk

7efyd ki fp d k ;u oem;oGm;um| wtm;qufrvd k;ao;yJcs d Kxm;v#uf juifem

[ef_zif h ar;onf?

433

Þ t7rf;juD;xd k ;cswmud k;- -emwmayg h- - ß

a':xm;7ifu id koHygjuD;ESi f ha_ymonf? 7efyd ki fp d k ;>7ifbwfud k

b<fvufoD;qkyfav;_zif h vSrf;xkonf?

xkcsufr Sm tawmftm;yg7m 7efy d ki fp d k ;7ifbwftenf;atmif hI

ud k<fyif<dr f ;<dr f ;<d ki f<d ki f _zp fonf? xd ktcs de fwGi fol hvD;acsmi f ;juD;u

apmufywfxJtqHk;wd k ;0ifum wpfvpfjuD;_zpfae7m udk<f<drf;<d ki foGm;

aomtcg apmufywfud kvD;ESi f hxd k ;vSnf har$ES H hvd kufovdkrs d K ; _zpfoGm;onf?

a':xm;7ifrSm vD;toGif;jurf;rS Kajumif h tonf;xdwfatmifemcJ h7onfh

a0'emud kyifarhoGm;v#uf zif_zL_zLjuD;awG vSKyf@Sm;<rf;cgvl;vGef hoGm;

7avawm honf ? apmufyw fr S mvnf ; touf0i fv S Ky f@ S m ;vmum

t7if;wd ki fxd k ;0ifaeavaomvD;wefjuD;ud k zspf!Spfpkyf<lvd kufavonf?

a':xm;7i fud k 7e fy d ki fp d k ;pIvd k ;onfE Si f h ode f ;atmi fausm fu

vuf _ye f ju d K ;w ky f aE S mi fxm ;c H 7aom o lZmci fte D ;o d k ho G m ;on f ?

434

olZmcifonf qdkzgcke fjuD;ay:wGiftvdk;c Hae7aom olr>tr_zpfolud k

rsufvH k;t0d ki f;om;ESif h pl;pd kufumjunfhIaeonf? tpyd ki f;wkef;uawmh

olZmcifonf tvGef@Suf@G H hajumufvef hv#uf acgif;juD;ud kwGifwGifi H k hI

aecJ honf? od k haomf odef;atmifausmfwd k hvd k ;aeaqmfaeju7mrS ay:xGuf

vmaomtoHAvHrsm;u olZmcif>7rufaoG;om;rsm;ud k obm0usus

vSKyfE S d K ;av7m touf(16)ESp fomomt@G<f| aoG;om;rsm;ql_z d K ;ump

tysdKaygufrav;olZmcifrSm rdrdudk<frdrdbm_zpfrSef;rodatmifyif umrqdyf

w7dyf7dy fwufvmcJ honf?

toHAvHrsm;jum;ae7onfud kyif tm;r7Ed li fawmhyJ iH k hxm;aom

ac gi f ;u d k arm f junf hr donf ? xd ko d k h ac gi f ;arm f junf haomtcs d e f r S m

a':xm;7ifwa<muf odef;atmifausmf>uÈrf;usifvSaom aqmifhvdk;csuf

rsm;ajumif h umrt7omtxGwftxdyfod k ha7mufum Ø_yD;× vkvk@S daom

tcs de f _zp fonf? tmomir f ;ir f ; _zi f ht@ Sufuif ;p Gm 7uf7ufa7ma7m

tvdk;cHaerSK_rifuGif;onf olZmcif>7rufaZmudk yd kItm;_yif;vmaponf?

xd kajumif h qufvufI_zpfaeyH krsm;ud k rsufaphtpGrf;ukefz Gi f hI

junfhaerdonf? umrqdyfv$rf;rd k ;r S Ktm;aumif;vSay7m (olr>trjuD;

a':xm;7if_zpfcJ hovdk) ywf0ef;usifud kvnf; arhIaeonf? r_rifpzl;

_rifawG hae7aom umrpyf<SufrS K _rifuGif;u (vd k;yG Juvnf; wu<fhud k

jurf;jurf;wrf;wrf;aqmfonf hy G J _zpfygonf?) olZmcif>todtm@k H

435

rSefor#ud k vH k;0csKyfud ki fodrf;us H K ;qG Jaqmifxm;onf? olZmcif>tzkwf

onfvnf;rd k hazgif;vmum t7nfjunfav;rsm;pd kp_yKvmonf?

olZmcifuawmh rdrd>tzkwfu vD;udkawmif hwaerSef;rodao;yg?

7efyd ki fp d k ;E Si f h rdrd>trjuD;wd k h qufvd k;aejuyH kud kom tm@k Hp l;epfv#uf

pl;pl;pd kufpd kufjuD;junfhaeonf? odef;atmifausmfwd k h>ZmwfoGif;<lvmrSK

ajumif h umrrSKudpPrsm;wGif7Jwif;p_yKaeaom q7mra':wifrm0if;ESi f h

rusif[kefwd k honfvnf; 7rufaZmjuGzG<fa':xm;7if>tvdk;cH_rifuGif;ud k

tm;7yg;7_r de f7nf<Suf7nfjunf haejuav7m (a':wifrm0i f ;qd kv#i f

junfh7if;z DvifwufvmI udk<f htzkwfud k<f_yefxd k ;uvdaeao;onf?)

ju d K ;w kw fxm;aomtys d Krav;o lZmci fu d kyi f ar hovd k _zp faeonf?

olZmcif>tzkwfrd k hazgif;vmonfud k trs d K;orD;ESp fa<muf rodjuyg?

olZmci f>tem;od k h wd k ;uy fvmaomode f ;atmi fausm fuom

od_ri foGm;onf? ode f ;atmi fausm fonf tpyd ki f ;u tys d Krav;ud k

tpys d K ;onfhtae_zif h ayG hayG hy d kufyd kuf| [d kud ki fonfud ki fvufu_rif;7ef

tem;uyfoGm; _ci f ; _zp fonf? <ck tys d Krav;tzkwfazgi f ;aeonfud k

_rif7aomtcg odef;atmifausmfu pdwful;wrs d K ;7vmonf?

Þ b<fvd kvJ olZmcif? rif;trjuD;t7rf;a[mh_yD; tyDtvdk;c H

aewmud k junf h _y D ; ri f ;a7mtzkwf<m;ae_y Dvm;? [m tzkwfjuD ;

436

rd k hazgi f ;aeygvm;? uJ- -q7mra':wifrm0if;e J husi fusi fa7- -'Dr Sm

junfhprf;? olZmcif htzkwfjuD; rd k hazgif;aew<fAs ß

ode f ;atmi fausm fu cyfaomaomtoHus<fav;_zi f ha _ymum

a':wifrm0if;ESi f hrusif[kefwd k hud k vSrf;Iac:vd kufonf?

odef;atmifausmf>a_ymvdkufrSKajumifh a':wifrm0if;ESif hrusif[kef

wd k h>tm@k Honf olZmcifxHod k ha7mufoGm;juonf? umr<rf;td k;aygufuG J

ovdkz Dvift7rf;wufum 7rufrD;awGawmufavmifaeaom7efyd ki fp d k ;E Si f h

a':xm;7ifwdk hom udk<fhudpPESif hudk<fr$efaeum odef;atmifausmfus<fus<f

a_ymvd kufonfhpum;ud kyif rjum;Ed li fju?

Þ [if- -[kwfvm;? _yprf;- -junfh7atmif- - ß

Þ [m- -[kwfw<f? wu<fud k rd k hazgif;aewmyJ ß

trs d K ;or D ;E Sp f a<mufu olZmci f h ay gi fc G jum;o d k h junf hum

rSwfcsufcsvd kufonf?

Þ usifusif- -olhxrDud k cÈwfypfvd kufygvm;? aoaocsmcsm

junfhEd li fwmayg h- - ß

437

odef;atmifausmfu rusif[kefud k apcd ki f;vd kufonf?

Þ [kwf- - ß

w^SmaZmxefum 7Jwif;aeaomrusif[kefonf q<fausmfouf

aumifrav;awG>toHk;tESKe f;twdki f; wd kwd koGufoGufa_ymum olZmcif

0wfxm;aomxrDESif htwGif;cHyifwDabmif;bDwd k hud k qGJcÈwfypfvd kufonf?

Þ td ktd k- -td k; tarh- -rvkyfygeJ h- td ktd k- -b<fvd kvJ ß

a':xm;7iftvdk;cHae7yH kud k tm@k Hp l;epfum rsufvH k;t_yL;om;ESif h

junfhaeaomolZmcifr Sm <ckrSyifowd_yef0ifvm7m @SufajumufpGm

a_ym7if; @ke f;onf? vuf_yefjudK;wkwfxm;onfhtwGuf @ke f;uefrS Ku

t7mra7muf? xrDESi f htwGif;c Habmif;bDuÈwfoGm;onfESi f h atmufyd ki f ;

Avmusif;oGm;um apmufzkwfav;onf r_yLhw_yLay:vmavawmhonf?

Þ a[m- -t7nfjunfav;awGawmif xGufaeyga7mvm; ß

rusif[kefu wtHhwjoa_ymvd kufonf?

Þ enf;enf;yg;yg; uvdjunfhygvm; ß

438

odef;atmifausmfu enf;ay;vrf;_yvkyfonf?

Þ rvkyfygeJ h@ Si f- -raumif;ygbl;- -rvkyfygeJ h ß

tys d Krav;olZmcifu id koHygav;ESif hawmif;yef@Smonf?

rusif[kefonf olZmcif>apmufzkwfav;ud k vuf0g;av;_zif h

tkyfum tomyGwfay;vd kufonf? xdk ht_yif apmufacgif;tuGJajumif;

wav#mufud kvnf; vufacsmif;_zif hy Gwfum qGJvd kufonf?

Þ td k- - ß

olZmcif hyg;pyfrS nnf;oHav;ay:xGufvmonf? rusif[kefu

qufvufIuvday;7m olZmcifc_rm pyg;juD;a_rGt!SdK hc Hvd kuf7olozG<f

umra7<OfajumwGif a_rmoGm;7avawmhonf?

odef;atmifausmfu tysdKrav;olZmcifud k qdkzgay:wGifarSmufckef

wifvdkufonf? udk<ftxufydkif;u qdkzgckefay:wGif@Sdaeapv#uf a_caxmuf

rsm;u jurf;_yifay:odk husaeonf? qdkzgonf cyfykyk_zpf7m olZmcifonf

'l;wkyfumukef;ay;xm;7onfhtaetxm;rs d K ; _zpfonf?

xd kaemuf rusif[kefud kac:I olhvD;wGifqDqGwfcd ki f ;vd kufonf?

_yD;awmh olhvD;ud k olZmcif>tzkwf0wGifawhvd kufonf?

439

Þ rvkyfygeJ h@ Si f- -csrf;omay;yg? rrjuD;a7- -u<fygtkef; ß

olZmcifu olhtrjuD;a':xm;7ifudk vSrf;ItultnDawmif;onf?

Þ atm fraee J h ? ei f htrjuD ;u ei f hu d ku<fz d k h aeaeomom

[d kr Sm ol hzmomolz Dvifwufaewm? eifvnf; 'Dvd kz Dvifrs d K ;c Hpm;7

rSmyg[m ß

ode f ;atmifausm fu a_ymvd kufonf? xd kaemufol hvD;juD;ud k

tomzdxd k;oGif;vd kuf7m ÞbGyfß ueJ[laomtoHESif htwl vD;'pfjuD;onf

apmufacgif;xJod k h _rKyf0ifoGm;avawmhonf?

Þ tm;- -emw<f- -emw<f [if h[if h- -rvkyfygeJ h@ Si f ß

olZmcifu id koHygav;ESif hawmif;yef@Smonf?

od k haomfode f ;atmifausm fu !Smwm_cif;r@S dy J qufIwtdtd

zdxdk;oGif;vkduf7m vD;xdyfzsm;onf olZmcif>tysdKtarS;yg;udk oGm;axmuf

rdonf? olZmcifonf emvGef;vSaomajumif h wtD;tD;wtm;tm;atmfI

ae7avonf?

440

Þ q7mreJ husi fusi f- -ol hE d k hoD;awGud k pd k hay;vd kufyg? 'gr S

olzDvifvm_yD; tys d KtarS;yg;pkwfoGm;wJ h'^fud k cHEd li fr Sm ß

odef;atmifausmfu apcd ki f;vd kuf7m a':wifrm0if;ESi f hrusif[kef

wd k hvnf; olZmcif>wbufwcsufwGifae7m<lum olZmcif>Ed k hoD;acgif;

av;rsm;ud k yg;pyfESi f hi H kI pd k hay;vd kufonf?

Ed k hp d k hc H7aomajumif h olZmcif>tzkwfrS t7nfjunfav;rsm;

y d kIxGufonf? emjuifr S Kvnf; tenf;i<favsm ho Gm ;ovd k@ S donf?

xd ktcs de fwGi fode f ;atmi fausm fu ol hvD ;juD ;ud ktm;tenf;i<fxnf hI

qufz do Gi f ;v d ku f7m vD ;we f juD ;onf olZmci f>tys d Ktar S ;y g ;u d k

' kwfueJaeatmif xdk;azgufypfvd kufavawmhonf?

Þ tm;- -trav;av;- -aoyg_yD- -tm; emw<f emw<f

r7bl;? _yefxkwfvd kufyg@Si f- -_yefxkwfay;yg- -tm;- -emw<f ß

olZmcifonf emvGef;vSI atmf[pfnnf;!lawmif;yef@Smonf?

@ke f;vnf; @kef;uefonf? od k haomfodef;atmifausmfu olZmcif>cg;ud k

vufESpfbuf_zif hqkyfudkifxm;_yD; qufIzdxdk;oGif;7m vD;wefjuD;wacsmif;

vH k ;onf olZmcif>apmufzkwfxJod k h tqHk;wd ki fyif _rKyf0ifoGm;avawmh

onf?

441

xdkaemufode f ;atmifausmfu qufraqmif hao;yJ olZmcif>

apmufaphav;ud k vuf!S d K ;av;ESi f hz dy Gwfay;onf? Ed k hoD ;E Sp fc k _y d Ki fwl

tp d k h c H7 _y D ; apmufap hvnf ;ty Gwfc H7aomajumi f h c^tjumwGi f

olZmcifrSm emjuifrS Ka0'emyifarhaysmufum zDvifwufIw[if;[if;

_zpfIvmonf?

xd ktcgusrSodef;atmifausmfu _znf;_znf;csif;aqmif hIay;onf?

olZmcifrSmvnf; vD;aqmif hcsufESi f htnD zifjuD;ud krodrom<rf;ay;

vmonf?

Þ b<fhES<fvJ- -aumif;vm_yDr[kwfvm;- - ß

Þ td k bmawGvma_ymaewmvJ? rodbl; rodbl;- - ß

yg;pyfurodbl;[k a_ymaeaomfvnf; zifvSKyf<rf;ay;rS Kuawmh

rysuf? xdkajumifhodef;atmifausmfuvnf; t@SdefwifIaqmifhvdk;ay;onf?

tcsufi g ;q<fce f haqmi f hv d k ;ay; _y D ;aomtcg vD;xdy fz sm ;r Sy laE G ;aom

okwf7nfrsm;ud k olZmcif>apmufacgif;xJ yef;xnfhay;vd kufavonf?

olZmcifrSmvnf; umrpnf;pdrfc Hpm;rS K>t7omudk od@S doGm;um

7efyd ki fp d k ;E Si f hodef;atmifausmfwd k h> tvdk;cHrav;b0odk h a7muf@S doGm;av

442

awmhonf? xd kaemuf 7efyd ki fp d k ;E Si f hode f;atmifausmfwd k honf ausmif;tkyf

q7mrjuD;a':xm;7if| q7mra':wifrm0if;| ausmif;olrav;rusif[kef

ESifh tysdKrav;olZmcifwdkhudk yufvufvSefIwzHk| av;bufaxmufIwenf;|

ab;apmif;wrsdK;| tay:wufrSwufcd kif;IwoG<f ponf_zif h trsdK;pH katmif

0uf0ufuG Jatmifvd k ;awmhonf? wcs D _y D ;oGm;v#ifvnf; acwWem;um|

wvSnf hp DvD;pkyfc d ki f ;I apmufzkwf| yg;pyfESi f hzifayguf oH k;aygufpH katmif

0uf0ufuG Jatmifvd k;ypfvd kuf7m n(7)em7Dcef hr Syif vdk;yG Jwpcef;odrf;av

awmhonf?

yG Jodrf;tae_zif h ausmif;tkyfq7mrjuD;a':xm;7ifonf 7efyd ki fp d k ;

ESif hodef;atmifausmfwd k h>vD;rsm;udk okwf7nfxGufonftxdpkyfay;7v#uf

okwf7nfrsm;ud k aomufrs d Kcs7avownf;?

_y D ;yg _y D?