( )
( )1- 1-1- . . ( ) . 1-2- . 1-3- : 1-3-1- A .1-3-2- B 1-3-3- .
1-3-4- A . . .1-3-5- B . . . . 1-4- . . 2- 2-1- ASTM : * D2399 *
D4442 . 3- .3-1- ( ) ( ) ( ) . . 3-2- A ( ) . 3-3- . . . . A . 3-4-
. . 4- 4-1- . 2%+65 . . . A 5- 5-1 . . . . 6- b in in18 (2) . . 12
. 6-2- (a) . . (b ) . 16.3 . 6-3- 01/0 001/0 . 16.1 16.2 . 16.3 .
7-1- (1) (2) . . 4/1 . . . . 18 1 . v . . . v . . . .7-2- - 3 12 .
:
N = MIN/ IN (MIN/ON) = IN (CM)R = 8 ( )
= .
7-2-1- . 3 12 . . 7-3- . . .
. . .8- 8-1- 0.0001 in (mm 0.002) 12 . 2 3 . .9- - 9-1 :
= psi (mm/N) p= () bf1(N)
W= in (mm)
L= in (mm)
.
9-2- :
G= psi (mm/ N)T= in (mm)
= in/ bf 1 (mm/N) 9.1 .
. B- -
10- - 10-1- 4 . . . 1- . .
11-
11-1 . . 4.5 in (mm 115) 10 in (mm 255) .2- . .
11-2- - 0.001 in (mm 0.02) . .
12- 12-1- :
L= (in)
d= (in)
fb= (psi)
Fv= (psi)
12-2- 16 11 .
3: . . 15% 15% . . 10% .13- 13-1- . . .
14- 14-1- 4 6 . 0.05 mm/ in .
14-1-1- - ( ).
15- - 15-1- - :
Fv= (psi)
p= (1bf)B= (in)
d= (in) 4: .
15-2- - :
Fb = (psi)
p= (1bf)L= (in)
b= (in)
d= (in) 5: .
16- - 16-1- - . in2 4 (26cm2) . .
16-1-1- . .
16- 1-2- d4442 .16-2- - d2395 . 2in3 (cm3 33) . .
16-3- - - . . in- 3 (7.5 cm) 6 in (15cm) . - . ( ) .16- 3-1- . .
. 16-3-2- 16.3.1 . .
16-4- - . .
17- - w 1- . . : 17-1-1- 17-1-2- 17-1-3-
17-1-4- 17-1-5-
17-1-6-
17-1-7-
17-1-8- .
17-2- .
18- - 18-1- . .
19- - 19- 1- - - -
_1308123637.unknown
_1308123951.unknown
_1308125497.unknown
_1308126143.unknown
_1308127070.unknown
_1308124216.unknown
_1308123689.unknown
_1308087734.unknown
_1308087735.unknown
_1308087733.unknown
_1308075473.unknown
