1

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wcgwcgawmhvnf; uRefrwdkU jrefrma,musfm;awG awmfawmfpdwfxm; jrifhjrwfMuyg&JU[k a&½Gwfrdonf/ uRefr pdwfwdkif;rusp&m trsKd;orD;½kyfawGESifh jyu©'defwdkU Wall Sheet wdkUudk jrifrdonfhtcgrsKd;rSm jzpfwwfonf/ jrefrmh ½kyfjrifoHMum;ESifh jr0wDuaMumfjimawGudk jrifrdonfhtcgrsKd;rSm jzpfwwfonf/ uRefrwdkU jrefrm½kyf½Sifrif;orD;wcsKdU? udk,f[efjyr,fwcsdKUonf "mwfyHk½dkufcHvQif tvdktavsmufyif rawmfrwJh [efyefawG jzpfukefwwfMuavovm;/ 'gawmh uRefr rodEdkifay/ uRefr jrifawGUae&onfh udk,f[efawGuawmh enf;enf;rS Munfhraumif;yg/ txl;ojzifh xdkifvsufyHkawGjzpfonf/ ukvm;xdkifay:rSmyJ xdkifxkdif? jrufcif;ay:rSmyJ xdkifxkdif? xdkifvdkuforQ udk,f[efawGu a,musfm;awGtwGuf pdwf½dkif;0ifp&m [efawGcsnfh jzpfonf/ vSovm;qdkawmh tJ'D[efawGu enf;enf;rQ rvS/ a,musfm;awGU&JU qGJaqmifonfqdkvQifvnf; ajyajyjypfjypf qGJaqmifEdkifrSmr[kwf/ tEkynmygyg qGJaqmifrSm r[kwf/ wpfwpfcGcG qGJaqmifjcif;yJ jzpfEdkifonf/

uRefrwdkUEdkifiHrSm bmhaMumifh jyu©'defawG  Wall  Sheet  awG azmif;yGae&ovJ U U U [k uRefr wcgwav pOf;pm;Munfhrdonf/ aps;uGufaumif;vdkUaygh? 0,folrsm;vdkUaygh [k uRefruvGJNyD; vlwdkif;BudKufaeonfhaygh/ 'gjzifh a,musfm;awGeJU rdef;rawG b,folu onfyHkawGudk ydkBudKufrSmygvdrfh/ a,musfm;awGu ydk0,fovm;? uRefrrdwfaqG a,musfm;awGu onfyHkudk 0,fwm wcgrQ rawGUbl;yg/ wcgwkef;uawmh a,musfm; oli,fcsif;wa,muf\ tdyfcef;udk wpGef;wp jrif&wkef;u olUtcef;eH&HrSm tar&dueftqdkawmf rufa'gem;\ yHk Wall  Sheet ESpfckvm; jzwfueJ? awGUvdkufzl;onf/ 'gyJ/ onfawmhvnf;

2

onfjyu©'defawGudk b,folawGu 0,faeMuygovJ [k uRefr pdwf0ifpm;oGm;&avonf/

jyu©'defqdkonfrSm trsm;tm;jzifh tdrfwtdrf\ {nfhcef;rSm ae&may;cH&wwfonf/ {nfhcef;rSm ae&may;cH&rnfh jyu©'defonf tEkynmajrmuf&rnf? "mwfyHkudk Munfh&if; pdwfcsrf;ajrUap&rnf/ uRefrwdkUqDu yef;½dk;r jyu©'defrsm;onf olwdkUqDu jyu©'defrsm;vdkyif tEkynmqefpGm rsufpday'om jzpfaponf/ uRefr tBudKufqHk; jrefrmEdkifiH jyu©'defrSm yef;½dk;rjzpfonf/ t&ifwkef;u yef;½dk;rjyu©'defudk vufaqmifr&vQif 0,fí tdrfrSm csdwfqGJcJhzl;onf/ 'kwd,tBudKufqHk; jr0wDjyu©'def jzpfcJhonf/ uRefr ESpfoufzl;onfh jyu©'defrsm;ü ½kyf½Sifrif;orD;yHkygaom jyu©'defawGvnf; ½SdcJhzl;ygonf/ udk,ftxufydkif; oHk;yHkwyHk 'gr[kwf rsufESmydkif; "mwfyHkrsm; jzpfonf/ uRefr rSwfrdoavmufawmh "mwfyHkodef;aZmfvGifESifh rdwfuyf aroDcvm; tJonfvdk emrnfrsKd;ESifh "mwfyHkrsm;jzpfonf/ &ifudk tom;ay;wm wifudk tom;ay;wm wckrQr½Sd/ rsufESmydkif;ESifh vnfyif;ydkif;yJygonf/ tvif; tarSmif? rsufESmxm;? rdwfuyf? aq;a&mif tvGefajyjypfonfh "mwfyHkrsm;jzpfonf/

,ckawmh jyu©'def 0,fusifhr½Sdawmhojzifh jyu©'defwef;awGqD ra&mufjzpfwm ESpfaygif;MumcJhNyD/ oGm;&if;vm&if; wdk;vdk;wef;vef; csdwfxm;onfh jyu©'defrsm;udk jrif&wmuawmh odyftajctae raumif;yg/ uRefr oli,fcsif; a,musfm;av; oHk;av;a,mufudk jyu©'defxJu trsKd;orD;awGtaMumif; ajymjyzl;onf/ tJonf "mwfyHkawG [efawGu olwdkU\pdwfudk rnfuJhodkU jzpfay:apovJ[k ar;Munfhonf/ olwkdU uRefrudk qJMuygonf/

uRefrwdkUqDrSm olwdkUqDavmuf npfnrf;rIawG r½SdMuvdkU awmfygao;&JU/ vdifqdkif&m tom;,l tjrwfxkwfjcif;? csOf;uyfjcif;? prf;oyfjcif;rStp rk'drf;rItxd olwdkU EdkifiHrSmvdk rrsm;vdkU awmfygao;&JU/ jrefrmtrsKd;orD;awG\ vHkNcHKpGm 0wfpm;qif,ifrIvnf; waMumif;ygvdrfhrnf/ jrefrmtrsdK;om;awG\

3

udk,fusifhodu©m wnfMunfatmif BudK;pm;xdef;csKyfrIvnf; waMumif;ygvdrfhrnf/ bwfum;ay:rSm? vrf;ay:u vloGm;pBuFefay:rSm vdifrIqdkif&m npfnrf;onfh tajymtqdk? [eftrlt&mjzifh trsKd;orD;rsm;tm; aESmuf,Sufonfh a,musfm;awGvnf; ½Sdawmh ½Sdwmayghav/ vlenf;pkjzpfojzifh uRefrwdkU a½Smif½Sm;vdkU&ygonf/ vlenf;pk\ rawmfwa&mf pdwfxm;rsKd; vlrsm;pk ay:aygufvmvQif 'ku©yJ[k uRefr rMumcP aMumuf½GHU pdk;&drfrd&onf/ uRefr wa,mufwnf;yJ pdk;&drfaeovm; rod/ "mwfyHk½Sif trsKd;orD;awGrSm uRefrxuf ydkNyD; vHkNcHKpdwfawG ½Sdaeovm;/ 'gr[kwf þuJhodkUaom taMumif;aMumifh xdkuJhodkU tusdK;jzpfay:wefaumif;[kyif rpOf;pm;rdMuwmvm;? uRefr rodEdkifyg/

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4

wdkif;wmonf/ ,cktcg ydefydefoG,foG,f udk,fcEmrsm;yg ae&m&vmonf/ t0wftpm;awGuvnf; pHtrsKd;rsKd; jzpfvmonf/

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aemufydkif;rSm uGif;xrDawG 0wfvmMuonf/ uGif;xrD\ aumif;usKd;awGaMumifh jzpfonf/ ajcvSrf;&wm vG,fulonf/ ajcvSrf;awmfawmf usJvdkvQif xrDtxufqifpudk pkvHk;NyD; ajcovHk;ay:atmif wkdwkd 0wfEdkifao;\/ ½SnfcsifvQif

5

txufqifydkif;udk jzefUNyD; ajcrsufpdzHk;atmif 0wfEdkifao;\/ uGif;xrD\ uRefrtBudKufqHk; tcsufrSm cg;atmufydkif; a½SUjrifuGif;udk awmfawmfvHkNcHKatmif zHk;ay;Edkifjcif;yifjzpfonf/ puwfrSmu t0wfp wvTmwnf;om zHk;xm;onf/ puwfxrDrSm a½S;acwfu jyefUxrDrSm atmufvTmESifh tay:vTm[k ESpfxyfjzifhom zHk;xm;onf/ uGif;rSmu oHk;xyf U U U b,frS nmodkU ywf,laom atmuftvTmwxyf? nmrS b,fodkU ,lí csdwfaom tay:vTmu ESpfxyf r[kwfvm;/ tm;vHk;oHk;xyfaygh/ b,favmuf vHkNcHKvdkufygovJ/

,ckwavm rdef;uav;awG yg;yg;vSyfvSyf aysmhaysmhtdtd t0wfprsm;udk *g0efajzmifhajzmifh t½Snfuav;awG puyfuav;awG csKyf0wfaewm jrif&onf/ t0wftqif uav;awG vSyg&JU qef;yg&JU/ wcgwcg t0wfu yg;vdkUvm;/ csKyfwJholu tcsKd;rusvdkUvm;/ udk,fcE¨mudku xif½Sm;aevdkUvm; rod? a½SUjrifuGif;u odyfrvSywmawG uRefr BuHK&jrif&onf/ vdif qGJaqmifrIwmh jzpfp&mr[kwf? [m;p&myJ jzpfrnfxifonf/ uRefrudku rdef;uav;awGESifh ywfoufNyD; enf;enf;rQ ajymp&mtuGuf rjzpfapcsifvdkUvm; rod/ jrifvdkUawmh odyfraumif;wm trSefygyJ/ tay:u wD½SyfyGyG ½Snf½SnfBuD;awG zHk;NyD; 0wfxm;wmjrif&vQif uRefr pdwfcsrf;om&avonf/

uRefrwdkUqDrSm olwdkU EdkifiHawGrSmvdk vkyfief;cGifrSm vdiftjrwfxkwfcH&jcif; odyfr½Sdbl;xifonf/ odyfrMum;&bl;qdkawmh odyfr½SdvdkU jzpfrSmayghaemf/ olwdkUqDrSmawmh tvkyf½Sifu tvkyforudk tom;,lwm? tjrwfxkwfwm? qwfaqmhwm? jrLqG,fzsm;a,mif;wm cPcP Mum&zl;onf/ w&m;½Hk;awGrSm tJonfvdktrlawG trsm;BuD;yJ[k ajymjyygonf/ uRefrwdkUqDu tpdk;&½Hk;awG yk*¾vdu½Hk;awGrSm tJonfh rawmfwa&mftjzpfawG odyftoHrxGufvmay/ uRefrwdkU rdef;rawGu olwdkUqDu rdef;rawGxufydkNyD; taetxdkif xdef;csKyfvdkUvm;/ uRefrwdkUqDu a,musfm;awGu olwdkUxufydkNyD; udk,fusifhodu©mudk wefzdk;xm;MuvdkUvm;/ odkUr[kwf trIudk &Jwdkifavmufatmif

6

owådr½SdMuvdkUvm;/ (zsufcHxm;&) taMumif;awmh trsKd;rsKd; ½SdrSmayghav/

txnfcsKyfpuf½Hku tvkyforav;awGqDu rauseyf toHrsKd;awGawmh uRefr wcgwcg Mum;&zl;yg&JU/ 'gu &mcdkifEIef;ESifh ,SOfMunfhawmh odyfr½Sdyg/ 'guvnf; wcsKdUu vkyfief;cGifrSm tqifrajyrSmpdk;vdkU tvkyfvufrJh jzpfrSmpdk;vdkU? t½SufuGJrSmpdk;vdkU onf;nnf;cH NrdKodyfaecJhonfh trIawG b,favmufrsm;rSef; rod/ bwfpfum;ay:rSm rawmfwa&mf xdawGUrIawGjzifh trsKd;orD;awG tjrwfxkwf cHaeMu&wmvnf; t&nftwGufawmh renf;vSyg? olwdkU wkdifwmawGvnf; wcgrS uRefr rBuHKbl; rMum;bl;yg/ onfawmh &Jpcef;rSm wkdifcsufzGifhcH&onfh vdifqdkif&m tjrwfxkwfcH&rIrsm; b,favmufrsm;jym;aecJhovJ? pm&if;Z,m; rSef;acs uRefrwdkU rodEdkifyg/ rwdkifMubl;qdkawmh odyfepfempGm tjrwfxkwfcJhjcif;rsKd; r[kwfvdkUyJ[k pdwfajzp&m ½Sdygonf/

bmyJjzpfjzpf vrf;ay:rSm tiSm;um;ay:rSm awGU&rnfh a,musfm;awGonf jypfrIusL;vGef&ef tvm;tvm½Sdaom (potential) pdwf"mwfydkif½Sifrsm; jzpfMuonfrSm trSefyJjzpfonf/ tajctaeESifh tcsdeftcg tcGifhta&; oifhwifhrQwvQif ,drf;,dkifEdkifpGrf; ½Sdolrsm;csnf; jzpfonfr[kwfvm;/ a,musfm;jzpfap? rdef;rjzpfap pdwf,drf;,dkifrI tvm;tvm odyfruGmayr,fh cE¨maA'ESifh ZD0½kyfwnfaqmufyHk ZD0ur®oabmw&m;t& a,musfm;\ pdwf,drf;,dkifrIu ydkí vQifjrefonfqdkwm rdefuav;awG oabmaygufxm;oifhonf/ uRefrwdkU rodaom a,musfm;awG\ jrifhjrwfrItay: rdrd\ vHkNcHKrIudk yHktyf ,HkMunfypfvdkufrnfhtpm; rdrdukd,fwdkif xdef;csKyfa½SmifMuOf jcif;jzifh vHkNcHKrIudk r½SmazGoifhbl;vm;/ uRefrwdkUbufu wwfEdkiforQ vHkNcHKrI&xm;zdkU rvdktyfbl;vm;/

rdrd\ pdwfqE´ oabmwlnDrI om,mrIrygbJ rdrd\ vdifty:rSm tjrwfxkwf tom;,lcH&onfhtjzpfrSm uRefrwdkU rdef;uav;awGtwGuf qdk;0g;wJh epfemrIyJ/ 'gxuf qdk;wmu

7

uRefrwdkUuvnf; epfemao;&JU tJ'D epfemrI[m uRefrwdkU 0wfpm;qif,ifyHk vQyfay:avmfvDvdkU jzpf&wmaygh[k apmfum;olawGbufu qifajcjyEdkif avmufatmifvnf; uRefrwdkUrSm [muGufawG ½Sdaer,fqdkvQif uRefrwkdUbufrS ESpfcgrem&aybl;vm;/

wcgwcg EdkifiHjcm; ½kyf½Sifrif;orD;rsm;\ 0wfpm;qif,ifyHkudkMunfhNyD; uRefrwdkU pdwftcefUroifhjzpf&onf/ olwdkUu uRefrwdkUESifh ajymif;jyef udk,ftxufydkif;udk azmfEdkiforQ azmfzdkU BudK;pm;wDxGif jyMu\/ wcsdKU0wfxm;onfh t0wfpm;awGu &ifom;udk enf;enf;uav; zHk;onfqdk½Hkuav; zHk;[efjyxm;onfh yHkpHrsKd;/ jzpfrSjzpf&av 'gqdkvJ 0wfraeygeJUawmh wcgwnf; cRwfyJxm;vdkufyg awmhvm; U U U [k uRefr a&½Gwfrdonftxd pdwftaESmuft,Suf jzpfcJhMu&onf/

(zsufcHxm;&) bmaMumifhrsm; rdrdESifh roufqdkifonfh a,musfm;tm;vHk;udk jycsif&wmvJ/ rdef;rawG&JU tJ'Dpdwf[m awmfawmfxl;qef;wmyJ U U U [k uRefr em;rvnfEdkifatmif jzpfrdonf/ tJonfvdk rdef;rawG[m a,musfm;ESifh rdef;r wef;wltcGifhta&;a&m vdkcsif&JUvm;? a,musfm;\ OmPf&nfudk &ifabmifwef; trDSvdkufEdkifonfh OmPf&nfrsKd;awGa&m vdkcsif&JUvm;/ rdrd\ rdef;rqefqef vSyEGJUaESmif;rI cE¨m\ vdifcGeftm;udkom t"du wefzdk;xm;olrsm; jzpfavovm;/ udk,fhudkudk,f cspfonfh Narassus trsKd;tpm;tjzpf owfrSwf&rvm;/

½kyfjrifoHMum;rSm ½kyf½SifrSm tJonfvdk rdef;rrsKd;awGu tvStyudk rawmfwa&mf jya&m? olwdkU udk,fwdkifuawmh vrf;ay:rSm vkyfief;cGifrSm avQmufoGm;ae&wm r[kwf? vHkNcHKa&;tapmifhawGESifh tvHkydwf tzdk;wefum;awGESifh vHkNcHKa&;pepf aumif;aumif;jzifh apmifha½SmufumuG,fxm;aom tdrfBuD;awGESifh vHkNcHKvdkU/ olwdkUudkMunfNyD; rawmfwa&mfpdwfawG xukefr,fh a,musfm;wcsKdUudk olwdkU BuHKBudKuf&ifqdkif&rSm r[kwf? tJonf  potential a,musfm;awGudk vQyfppful;atmif olwdkUudku zefwD;ay;vdkufrdNyD

8

qdkwmvnf; tod0ifp&m rvdkay/ tJonf a,musfm;awGudk BuHKBudKuf&ifqdkif&onfu omreftrsKd;orD;uav;awG U U U /

tvkyfcGifrSm U U U ? bpfpum;ay:rSm U U U ? ajratmuf &xm;blwm½HkrSm aeUpOfESifhtrQ ½kef;uefvIyf½Sm;aeMuonfh rdef;uav;awG U U U / olwdkUav;awGuom xkda,musfm; trsKd;tpm;twGuf om;aumifawG jzpf&onf/ olwdkUav;awGrSm abmf'D*wf r½dSyg/ vufeufudkif vHkNcHKa&;tapmifh r½Sdyg/ tzdk;wefum;BuD;awG r½Sdyg/ olwdkUav;awG vHkNcHKrIudk b,folursm; umuG,fay;EdkifrdkUvJ/ tvkyfcGifrSmvnf; a,musfm;awG? vrf;ay:rSmvnf; a,musfm;awG U U U ajratmuf &xm;blwm½HkrSm &xm;wGJxJrSmvnf; a,musfm;awG U U U rdrdwdkufcef;t0if pBuFef [dkbuf onfbuf awGrSmvnf; a,musfm;awG U U U / onfhxuf vHkNcHKonfh wdkufcef;odkUvnf; aiGaMu; tajctae& rajymif;Edkif/ olwdkUtwGuf bmudk tumtuG,f ,l&rSmvJ/ tJonf tcgrsKd;rSm rdrdab;twGuf a,musfm;awG\ jrifhjrwfrIudk tm;udk;,HkMunfxm;&½HkyJvm;/ wjcm; bmenf;awGrsm; ½Sdao;vdkvJ/

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9

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