Upload
pinelopi-malliara
View
170
Download
1
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
8. ΕΠΙΜΟΡΦΩΣΗ ΕΚΠΑΙΔΕΥΤΙΚΩΝ ΜΕΣΩ ΕΝΟΣ ΜΙΚΤΟΥ ΜΟΝΤΕΛΟΥ ΕΚΠΑΙΔΕΥΣΗΣ ΠΟΥ ΕΝΣΩΜΑΤΩΝΕΙ ΑΡΧΕΣ ΤΗΣ ΜΑΘΗΣΗΣ ΠΟΥ ΒΑΣΙΖΕΤΑΙ ΣΤΗΝ ΕΡΓΑΣΙΑ (ΔΙΠΛΩΜΑΤΙΚΗ ΕΡΓΑΣΙΑ - ΔΙΜΕΝΤΕ)
Citation preview
&
: - -
: , .
: ,
,
: 270005
, 2010
2
3
, ,
,
, ,
(Guskey,
2002), (, 2006). ,
,
,
, (, 1992).
.
,
,
.
,
,
,
. ,
Moodle,
19-20, .
, ,
.
, ,
,
4
,
, ,
(, , , )
,
. , ,
, ,
(Blended/Job Embedded/Work Based
Learning), .
(Blended Learning),
(Community of Inquiry, Garisson & Vaughan, 2008),
(Job Embedded Learning) (Work
Based Learning.
,
.
5
.
,
. ,
,
, ,
.
. ,
,
: , ,
.
. ,
,
.
. .
,
.
,
.
.
, ,
.
6
7
............................................................................................................... 3
............................................................................................................. 5
........................................................................................ 7
I: ................................................................................................. 13
................................................................................................................ 13
.............................................................................................. 14
I: & .......................................... 17
.................................................................................................................. 17
1. .......................................................... 17
1.1.
................................................................................................ 17
1.1.1. ............................................................................ 17
1.1.2. ....................................................... 19
1.2. ......................................... 23
1.3. .............................................................................................. 28
II: ............................................................................. 29
.................................................................................................................. 29
2.
....................................................................................... 30
2.1. .......................................................................... 30
2.2. & .................................... 31
2.2.1. ................................. 33
2.2.2. (Distributed Cognition) ............... 33
2.2.3. (Situated Cognition) ........................... 34
2.2.4. ..................................................... 34
8
2.3. ............................................................................ 35
2.4. (CoI) .................................................................... 41
2.4.1. ............................. 43
2.4.2. ............................................................................. 45
2.4.3. ........................................................................... 46
2.5. (Job Embedded Learning) .............. 48
2.6. (Work Based Learning) ......................... 50
2.6.1. Work Based Learning ....................................... 53
2.7. .............................................................................................. 59
IV: ............................................................... 63
3.
19-20 .......................................................... 63
3.1. ................................................................................ 63
3.2. ....................................... 64
3.2.1. ........................................................................... 65
3.2.2. ........................... 67
3.2.3.
68
3.2.4. ....................... 69
3.2.5. ............................................ 71
3.2.6. ................................................................ 73
3.2.7. ........................... 77
4. ........................................... 78
4.1. ..................................................................... 78
4.2. ............................................................................... 78
4.3. ................................................. 79
9
4.4. ............................................................................ 82
4.4.1. ............................................................................. 83
4.4.2. ................................................................ 84
4.4.3. ............................................................... 88
4.5. & ................................ 88
4.5.1. .............................................................. 90
4.5.2. ................................................................................ 90
4.5.3. ............. 91
4.5.4. ................................................................... 92
4.5.5. & ........................ 93
4.5.6. & ........... 96
4.5.7. .................................................... 97
4.5.8. : ...................................................................................... 98
4.6. ..................... 99
4.6.1. ................. 99
4.6.2. ..................................................................................... 110
4.7. ... 111
4.7.1. (Cognitive Presence) ......................................... 111
4.7.2. ....................................................... 111
4.7.3. ......................... 112
4.7.4.
122
4.7.5. .......................................................................... 123
4.7.6. ..................................................................................... 127
4.8. ...................... 128
4.8.1. (Social Presence) ............................................. 129
10
4.8.2.
....................................................................................................... 129
4.8.3. ..................................................................................... 136
4.9. (Education/Learning Outcome)
137
4.9.1. .................................................... 139
4.9.2. ......................................................................... 142
4.9.3. ........................................................................ 143
4.9.4. ..................................................................................... 144
5. & ........................................................... 146
5.1. ........................................................................... 146
5.1.1. & ............................... 147
5.1.2. .................................................................................. 148
5.1.3. ..................... 148
5.1.4. ........................................................................... 149
5.1.5. &
149
5.1.6. ......................................................................... 150
5.1.7. ...................................................................... 150
5.1.8. ............................................................ 151
5.2. ........................................................................ 152
5.3. ...................................................................................................... 154
VII: ................................................................................... 155
............................................................................................. 168
............................................................................................. 168
................................................................................................... 169
............. 170
11
. 174
........................................................ 176
.......................................................................... 180
(Wiki) ....... 183
: .... 184
: ... 185
................................................................................................ 186
.................................................................. 189
. .............. 190
.......................................... 193
e- .. 206
12
13
I:
,
.
(2009),
, ,
, .
.
/
/
. ,
,
,
- ,
,
(, 2008; , 2009).
,
(Blended or Hybrid Learning)
(work based/job embedded learning),
,
.
.
14
.
1 ( 1)
. 1
.
.
, ,
, , .
.
2 (( 2)
. ,
.
(Distributed learning)
(Situated learning). (Blended
learning) (Community
of Inquiry) , , (Cognitive,
Teaching, Social Presence).
(Job Embedded Learning)
(Work Based Learning).
.
3 ,
.
(3 ), ,
, .
,
15
,
.
,
,
.
.
, (4 ) .
,
, ,
.
,
.
,
,
.
,
, ,
.
(moodle),
,
.
,
.
().
.
5
.
16
,
,
,
.
17
I: &
, ,
.
.
.
(, 2004).
1.
1.1.
1.1.1.
Alan Rogers (Rogers, 1998),
.
,
, (, 1999).
. ,
.
, (Jarvis, 2003).
Knowles (Knowles, 1980)
.
18
Rogers (Rogers, 1998)
:
.
.
.
.
.
.
(1998, . 92).
(, 1999) , ,
,
.
.
,
. , ( . , 2005)
, :
,
, .
(,
, , , ).
,
. .
(, 1989)
, () , ()
19
, () , () , () , () , () , ()
() .
Malcolm Knowles (Knowles, 1973) The Adult Learner: A neglected
Species :
1- .
2-
.
3- .
4-
.
,
,
, (, 2002).
,
( & , 2004).
1.1.2.
,
,
(, 2002).
(, 2000)
,
.
, ,
,
.
20
,
(Day,
2003) ,
( )
.
,
,
, .
, ,
, , ,
.
,
. ,
,
.
, ,
.
,
.
, .
,
(, 2001).
,
, ,
,
21
.
,
( & , 1998).
,
,
,
(Henderson, 1978). , ,
,
. ,
.
, (1999, 2000) ..
,
,
,
,
.
(Fullan, 1991),
(Doyle, 1996).
.
,
(Tiffin & Rajasingham, 1995). 1
,
. , ,
1 ,
, , 2009
22
- ,
,
.
,
(_, 2009).
,
, ,
.
, ,
,
. ,
,
,
,
. ,
,
,
.
,
,
().
,
, ,
. ,
23
,
, ,
,
.
,
( & , 1998).
1.2.
, ,
,
.
, , ,
,
(_, 2009). (, 1992)
,
,
,
(, 1992).
(, 1989), (,
2002), (, 2002), (Hargreaves & Fullan, 1995)
:
1. .
2. .
3.
.
24
4.
.
5.
,
6.
7.
.
8. .
9.
.
10.
.
11.
.
12. .
,
( & , 2001).
, ,
.
(Bork, 1985), (Sproull, Kiesler, &
Galleghe, 1998)
.
,
.
25
, ,
.
(,
, 2009):
(,
, 2009):,
,
,
.
, ,
,
,
,
.
.
26
,
(elearning,
),
, -
,
.
,
(Harasim, 1989), (Mason, 1998),
(Palloff & Pratt, 1999). ,
(Palloff & Pratt, 1999).
. -
.
(
)
(
)
.
,
.
,
,
,
(, 2007), (, , , ,
, & , 2004), (Vosniadou & Kollias, 2001).
27
,
,
(, 2007),
( .., 2004), (Vosniadou & Kollias, 2001)
, . ,
/
. ,
.
,
. ,
,
,
, .
, ,
( .., 2004). , 2008,
-1
,
,
72 .
,
, .
:
28
() , ,
,
,
,
( & , 2009). () ,
,
()
(, , ),
, , )..
, ,
, ,
(Rogers, 1998).
, , ,
, (Jarvis, 2003).
(Rogers, 1998), (Knowles, 1990), :
, , ,
, ,
.
.
,
(, 2002), (,
2002).
1.3.
, ,
29
,
.
:
,
II:
,
(F2F) (online),
.
,
online
.
online ,
.
.
,
,
30
,
,
(Garrison & Vaughan, 2008).
2.
.
.
2.1.
(, 2004).
.
.
.
,
, .
( & , 2003).
:
,
,
.
.
.
.
31
, , ,
. ,
. ,
.
, ,
,
(Dimitrakopoulou, 2004).
, ,
, ,
. ,
,
(-,
2001).
2.2. &
(,
2007). ,
,
,
, ,
.
.
, (Johnson,
Johnson, & Holubec, 1990), :
32
:
, .
: ,
.
, , ,
, ,
..
:
.
. ,
.
:
.
.
.
.
.
,
,
(-, , 2001)
,
. ,
, ,
.
,
,
( . ., 2002).
33
2.2.1.
.
,
, ,
.
,
,
( ) ,
( ).
, ,
,
.
,
,
.
2.2.2. (Distributed Cognition)
,
,
(Distributed Cognition).
, ,
.
,
(distributed) ( & , 2003).
,
(
) ( ).
34
,
(, 2007).
.
-
.
.
2.2.3. (Situated Cognition)
1980
.
,
,
.
(communities of practice/learning) (,
, 2007).
2.2.4.
(Lave & Wenger, 1991)
. ,
,
, , .
. , ,
,
.
,
, ,
,
35
, . ,
,
.
(Scardamalia & Bereiter, 1994). ,
,
,
.
:
, ,
( ., 2001).
,
.
.
, (
),
.
,
(, , , 2007).
2.3.
(blended learning)
(elearnspace, Categories of eLearning, 2004)
,
(Dziuban, Hartman, & Moskal, 2004).
36
: (e-
learning) . ()
()
.
,
.
, .
(, 2004).
,
, .
,
(realtime)
.
, (
) ,
.
.
.
ntranet nternet. H
,
,
, ,
audio videoconferences,
37
.
(, 2004).
.
, ,
(Derntl Motsching-Pitrik, 2004; Ginns
Ellis, 2007) .
.
,
(, , 2007).
Dziuban, Hartman Moskal (2004)
. ,
.
(
) .
, ,
(McDonald, 2006).
(Derntl & Motsching-Pitrik, 2005),
,
.
(.. , ,
..) ,
, .
38
(Dziuban, Hartman, & Moskal, 2004).
,
, (Dziuban,
Hartman, & Moskal, 2004). (Gray, 2006),
,
.
(elearnspace, 2004),
,
,
.
,
, ,
,2
(blended learning),
,
, online
. ,
,
. ,
, online
, ,
(Dziuban, Hartman, & Moskal, 2004).
,
,
(, ..)
, , .
, ,
2 www.sch.gr, ,
, www.sch.gr/e-learning
39
,
( , ),
(, , ),
(Lambropoulos & Christopoulou, 2004).
.
,
(Singh, 2003). (Brown, 1998))
, ,
.
,
(chat rooms, forums, e-mail).
Tinzmann (Tinzmann, Jones, & Fennimore, 1990)
,
.
(Carman, 2005) ,
/.
.
,
, .
()
. (Merrill, 1994)
, ,
40
. ,
, ,
.
,
,
(Dziuban, Hartman, & Moskal, 2004).
,
,
, (Dziuban, Hartman, &
Moskal, 2004).
, .
moodle
.
,
,
.
, ,
.
,
. , ,
,
.
41
. ,
.
,
( ),
,
(blended learning).
() .
2.4. (CoI)
Garrison
Archer (Garrison & Archer, 2000),
,
.
.
2-1:
42
.
(Community of Inquiry, CoI),
, .
, , ,
.
,
/3 (Teaching/Cognitive/Social Presence).
,
,
.
.
.
,
, .
.
.
(Dewey, 1933),
.
. ,
, .
3
.
43
.
, .
.
,
,
.
, . Paavola (Hakkarainen, 2004,
Paavola, Lipponen, 2004) ,
.
.
, ,
.
2.4.1.
, : ()
,
,
, ()
()
,
, .
, ,
.
, ()
(Instructional design and organization), ()
(Facilitating Discourse)
() (Direct Instruction).
44
,
, ,
,
.
, ,
,
,
, .
,
.
(Paulsen, 1995), (Rossman, 1999) .
,
.
, ,
.
(Harasim, 1989). , ,
,
.
,
.
,
.
45
, .
Laurillard, Stratfold, Lukin, Plowman Taylor (Laurillard, Stratfold,
Luckin, Plowman, & Taylor, 2000)
.
,
. Scardamalia
Bereiter (Scardamalia & Bereiter, 1994)
(knowledge-building community),
. ,
.
(social presence) (Rourke, Anderson,
Garrison, & Archer, 1999),
. ,
,
.
,
,
.
, ,
. (scaffolding)
Vygotsky (Vygotsky, 1985)
. Salmon (Salmon, 2000)
e- (e-moderator)
.
2.4.2.
,
46
,
.
.
Garrison & Vaughan (Garrison & Vaughan, 2008),
, ,
, .
,
.
()
, () , ()
() / .
, //,
, .
,
.
,
.
,
/ .
, ,
, ,
.
, //, ,
.
2.4.3.
, , ,
,
,
,
.
47
,
,
.
() ,
() () / .
,
.
,
.
.
.
.
,
.
,
,
.
, .
, ,
.
.
,
, ,
48
.
chat room.
.
/
,
:
2.1:
/
/
2.5. (Job Embedded Learning)
,
,
.
,
.
(),
,
49
(Wood and McQuarrie, 1999).
,
, (
) .
,
,
, , ,
, , Sparks (Sparks, 1994). ,
,
,
.
,
.
,
(Wood & McQuarrie, 1999).
,
.
,
. ,
, ,
,
, ,
,
,
.
,
,
,
50
.
, .
.
,
, ,
.
.
, , ,
.
, ,
. ,
. , , ,
, ,
, ,
.
,
,
. (Betts,
2008)
.
2.6. (Work Based Learning)
(Betts, 2008)4 () (Work Based Learning)
, .
4
51
.
, .
(Woodward, 2008).
,
,
.
.
.
.
(Woodward, 2008)
.
Ebbutt (Ebbutt, 1996)
:
() ,
.
, ,
.
() ,
,
.
() ,
,
, ,
.
52
() ,
,
.
()
,
.
Raelin (Raelin, 2000)
. ,
,
,
. ,
projects
. ,
,
. ,
, -,
.
Eraut (Eraut, Alderton, Cole, & Senker, 1998), ,
,
.
.
.
,
, .
, ,
.
,
,
.
53
. ,
, .
,
,
, .
.
. , ,
,
.
.
(Action Learning)
,
,
,
.
2.6.1. Work Based Learning5
- -
, .
6.
Vygotsky Kolb
Vygotsky (zone of
5 Work-based Learning: Theory into Practice?, Ian Woodward, University of Leicester
6 Work-based Learning: Theory into Practice?, Ian Woodward, University of Leicester
54
proximal learning),
.
Kolb (Kolb, 1984)
.
.
,
. ,
, , .
,
,
,
.
, ,
(Loo, 2008).
Billet (Billett, 1992), Evans Rainbird (Evans,
Hodkinson, & Unwin, 2003), Fuller Unwin (Fuller & Urwin, 2006) Hoskin
Anderson-Gough (Hoskin & Anderson-Gough, 2004). Evans Rainbird (Evans,
Hodkinson, & Unwin, 2003), Lave
(Lave & Wenger, 1991) Brown, Collins Duguid (Brown, Collins, & Duguid, 1989)
.
(conceptual knowledge)
, ,
.
( )
55
(awareness), (understanding), (inspiration) ,
(guidance), (motivation) (feedback).
.
Fuller and Unwin (Fuller & Urwin, 2006)
.
Fuller Unwin (situated learning
theory).
(Activity Theory), (Hardy, 2003),
.
Cole (Cole, 1995), Engestrm (Engestrm, 2001), Lave
(Lave, The culture of acquisition and the practice of understanding. J. W. Stigler, R. A.
Shweder, & G. Herdt, 1990), Lave Wenger (Lave & Wenger, 1991), Rogoff (Rogoff,
1995), Wenger (Wenger, 1998), Guile Young (Guile & Young, 1999).
(Griffiths & Guile, 2003).
. Robson (Robson, 2006),
, :
. ,
, , .,
,
,
... ( ).
.
,
(experiential learning), (action learning)
Kolb (Kolb, 1984).
56
,
.
,
,
(Raelin J. A., 1997).
Revans (Revans, 1998),
" ,
".
Weinstein (Weinstein, 1995) : ..
:
, ,
,
(Weinstein, 1995).
,
, ,
. , .
, ,
,
.
,
,
, .
,
,
(
).
,
.
57
(experiential learning)
Kolb (Kolb, 1984) Boud (Boud, Keogh, & Walker, 1985)
(reflective practitioner),
Schon (Schon, 1983).
.
.
,
. ,
,
.
(flexible learning).
,
()
,
()
.
.
, ,
, ,
(Walker & Dewar, 1997).
,
.
58
.
.
,
On-line.
.
.
project .
.
.
:
.
, ,
.
.
.
(problem-solving)
(case studies)
,
, .
,
, .
, . ,
, .
59
.
.
.
.
(Barry,).
2.7.
. ,
,
.
.
(Garrison & Kanuka, 2004).
,
,
, (/
), (
), ( -
), ( ),
( & .
, , , -
,
.
60
,
,
.
,
,
.
, , :
,
, ,
, ,
, -,
,
.
,
(, , & , 2007).
(Dziuban, Hartman, & Moskal, 2004).
.
,
.
61
,
,
.
,
(Job embedded learning)
, .
:
,
, , ,
.
,
.
projects,
,
.
,
. ,
, ,
.
,
, .
62
,
,
,
, .
,
(, , , ,
)
.
,
(Garrison, ., 2000)
/ ,
,
.
.
63
IV:
3.
19-20
3.1.
Moodle
19-20,
19-20, .
-19-20
()
moodle .
, ,
.
,
: ()
moodle , ()
()
,
, .
, ,
.
(:
. )
,
,
,
, ,
64
, .
57 , 24
,
(, , ), .
,
,
,
,
, .
,
, Moodle ,
,
.
.
, , ,
.
,
e- ,
, .
3.2.
,
on line ,
(Osguthorpe & Graham, 2003).
on line
,
, ,
. H
Mac Donald (McDonald, 2006),
65
(online face-to-face),
,
.
, ,
. Levy
(Levy, 2005)
.
.
(Dede, 2006)
.
,
,
(Garrison & Vaughan, 2008).
3.2.1.
(Garisson & Vaughan, 2008), (MacDonald,
2006), ( & , 2007)
(Wood & McQuairrie, 1999), (Holmes, Polhemus, & Jennings, 2005),
(Boud & Solomon, 2001).
(Garrison & Archer, A.) transactional perspective on teaching and
learning: A framework for adult and higher education, 2000)
, (social presence), (cognitive presence),
(teaching presence),
(Garisson & Vaughan, 2008).
:
, / .
.
,
.
66
& ,
, .
:
,
/ .
, //, ,
.
,
.
:
, ,
/ , /
.
( ) .
, ,
,
.
(Wood & McQuairrie, 1999).
,
,
() , ()
, () , ()
()
.
, : ()
,
, ()
,
67
,
, ()
, ()
,
(template), ()
,
, ()
,
()
,
.
3.2.2.
.
,
, / . ,
,
. ,
, ,
.
. ,
(Vivitsou, Lambropoulos, Konetas, Paraskevas, &
Grigoropoulos, 2008).
. ,
,
,
(Mason & Weller, 2000) (Haughey & Anderson, 1998).
:
68
3.2.3.
,
.
,
online .
.
(Meyer, 2003). , ,
.
.
, , ,
.
.
, .
,
. (Collis, 1996).
, , ,
(Beer, Slack, & Armitt, 2005),
, .
,
.
69
:
() , ()
,
(moodle), ()
,
, ()
, ,
, ()
,
()
.
() ()
,
moodle ; moodle
;, ()
,
, ()
.
,
.
,
.
3.2.4.
, ,
,
.
,
,
/ .
70
,
//, ,
.
, , ,
.
,
,
. /,
, Moodle
,
,
.
.
, ,
,
.
,
(/), (
/ ) .
,
, .
.
, ,
,
.
,
,
. ,
,
71
. , ,
,
, ,
, ,
. :
/, / /.
,
.
:
.
, ,
.
.
.
3.2.5.
,
, .
moodle,
.
moodle ,
.
(social constructionist pedagogy)
. moodle ,
& , ,
72
(, , ),
,
, (,
, , , ).
,
(Chat), (forums)
, , .
Moodle (
), ( audio, video, , .
doc, .pdf, .ppt, .),
, .
Moodle
,
. &
,
(, ) ,
(discussion forums) ,
(chat) ,
,
,
,
, ,
,
.
moodle,
: ()
, , ()
, (chat)
(Forums), ()
73
,
, , .
3.2.6.
12 5
, 2 ,
, 3 , 2 2009
17 2010.
e-, ,
, ,
( ) .
. ,
.
:
(1): & (;),
(2): Moodle (;),
(3): Moodle ( ;),
(4): Moodle ( ; ;
;)
(5): Moodle ( ).
.
.
,
,
(
), (
74
) ,
,
. ,
,
.
,
, ,
, , ,
.
,
( ) ,
,
, .
,
, ,
.
, ,
.
, ,
.
,
,
.
,
( ).
.
,
75
. ,
, .
,
.
. Reeves (Reeves & Okey, 1996),
,
.
,
,
,
,
(Mason &
Weller, 2000), (Jarboe, 1996).
, ,
.
f2f ,
, ,
,
, (
). , , ,
,
( ).
,
76
Moodle .
( ). ,
( ).
1
,
,
(
). , 1
,
,
( ).
moodle ,
( ).
(
).
,
,
.
, ,
,
(
) , .
,
.
.
4 ,
77
,
, .
.
3.2.7.
,
, ,
. , ,
( -
template),
(. 1, , 1,
).
(. 2, 1,
),
(forums),
(
), ,
.
, ,
,
.
() , () F2F ()
On Line. (. 3 4, 1 , 1,
).
78
4.
.
4.1.
,
,
, .
, , ,
,
,
,
, .
,
,
,
,
,
.
4.2.
,
,
,
(Community of Inquiry, Garisson & Vaughan,
2008) (Job Embedded/Work Based Learning)
-19-20 ()
Moodle .
79
,
,
,
.
4.3.
, ,
,
:
,
, ,
,
, ,
, ,
(, , ,
) ,
.
, ,
, ,
(Blended/Job Embedded/Work Based
Learning),
,,
() ,
,
() , ,
80
()
.
, Garrison, Anderson
Archer (Garrison & Archer, 2000). ,
,
: ,
.
:
3 (,
, / teaching-cognitive-social), /
,
/ (learning/education experience)
(professional development)
.
, :
() (
),
()
( )
()
( ).
:
1. (Teaching Presence)
,
,
, ,
81
, (design
and organization).
:
() ,
.
() (e-)
.
() ,
,
(direct instruction), ,
(facilitating discourse).
2. (Cognitive Presence)
(professional development),
, (
) (education/ learning outcome).
:
()
,
,
.
() , (i)
, (ii) (iii) ,
,
.
() ,
,
,
.
82
3. (Social Presence)
, , ,
, ,
, ,
,
.
4.4.
,
.
,
.
,
,
,
,
,
, (Bell, 1997).
,
,
, .
, ,
,
(Cohen & Manion, 2000).
( )
( )
83
.
,
,
.
4.4.1.
, ,
, ,
.
,
,
. ,
/.
.
,
(, 2003). . Lecointe (Lecointe, 1994),
,
, ,
,
.
,
.
,
,
,
. ,
,
,
84
. ,
, . ,
(. ),
,
,
.
, ,
- ,
. R.Kohn & P.Negre (Kohn &
Ngre, 1991),
.
4.4.2.
, ,
(triangulation*7).
.
,
. .
(Denzin, 1978). (, 2001),
,
,
. ,
7 , , ,
.
85
, ,
.
, .
(data triangulation),
.
,
, /,
.
, ,
.
,
e-,
. / ,
,
(moodle), e- (,
, , .).
,
. , ,
, .
:
/
/
, ,
, .
,
86
, ,
.
.
, ,
.
(: 8).
,
. , : (1) , (2)
(3) & , (4)
& , (5) &
, (6) & , (7) , (8)
& , (9) & .
, Likert,
. 24
21.
( 11).
(RUBRIC)
e-, , ,
.
, , , : (MyT4L Rubric,
Committee for Evaluation of Exemplary Online Courses-1, Quality Assessment Rubric for
eLearning Design, Nimer, Hanadi, & Amal, Cradler & Cradler, Minimum standards for
8
87
online courses and guidelines for proposing and, developing online courses at Yavapai
College, Burns, Correia, Sederberg, Shelton, & Van Duzer) ( 12).
(RUBRIC)
( )
,
, , ,
, , ,
, ,
, .
( 8).
(moodle)
,
moodle.
e-,
.
.
, ,
, () , () ()
. 507 ,
379 121
.
88
4.4.3.
forum. ,
, ,
.
.
(CoI) ()
Anderson, Rourke, Garrison
Archer (Anderson, Rourke, & Archer, 2001) ( )
( 7). ()
Rourke, Anderson, Garrison Archer (Rourke, Anderson, Garrison, & Archer, 1999)
( ) ( 8).
, ( ),
, .
. , ,
,
.
4.5. &
,
, ,
19-20,
,
. ,
89
, , ,
().
,
,
.
, ,
, .
.
24 19-20 ()
.
,
,
. 57
24 ,
.
,
,
, . ,
, ,
,
,
,
.
, 21 (
).
,
, 21
.
90
4.5.1.
, 29,17% (=7)
70,83% (=17) .
4.1:
%
7 29,17% 17 70,83% 24 100%
25 54
, 95,14%, 35 54 .
:
4.2:
%
25 34 1 4,76% 35 44 12 57,14% 44 54 8 38,10% 55 0 0,00% 21 100,00%
4.5.2.
:
4.3:
:
%
7 33,33%
9 42,86%
5 23,81%
21 100,00%
:
91
4.4:
():
%
0-2 0 0,00%
2-8 6 28,57%
8-12 5 23,81%
12-20 8 38,10%
20 2 9,52%
21 100,00%
8 20
.
4.5.3.
,
, (
, )
,
(, , ,
, , & , 2004).
/ .
42,86% (=9) ..
, 14,29% (=3) ..
42,86% (=9) .. , 5
4 .
.
4.5:
:
%
- : 9 42,86%
3 14,29%
-: 9 42,86%
21 100,00%
42,86% (=9)
, 7
92
. 1
.
23,81% (=5) (-).
4.6:
%
: 9 42,86%
: 1 4,76% / 5 23,81%
4.5.4.
:
4.7:
/
:
%
93
4.5.5. &
, 9
,
,
,
, .
4.9: 1
:
%
1 2 5 13 85,71%
1
4 15 90,48%
3 3 4 10 66,67%
1
4 4 11 71,43%
2
1 5 13 85,71%
(=15, 90,48%) (=13, 85,71%) ,
(=10, 66,67%)
(=11, 71,43%),
.
(, 2007, , ,
, , , & , 2004, Vosniadou & Kollias, 2001).
9
.
.
94
4.10: 2
;
%
6 15 100,00%
4 5 4 5 2 33,33%
1 3 7 10 80,95%
1 2 6 12 85,71%
19/20
4 2 8 4 2 28,57%
, ,
,
(=21, 100%),
(= 2,
28,75%).
(
100%),
, 19,05%.
,
( )
(= 10, 47,62%),
(= 7, 33,33%).
95
4.11:
%
( ) 7 33,33%
2 9,52%
0,00%
( )
10 47,62%
( SECOND LIFE)
2 9,52%
21 100,00%
,
.
4.12:
%
4 19,05%
1 4,76%
5 23,81%
3 14,29%
0,00%
&
5 23,81%
3 14,29%
21 100,00%
,
(28,57%).
96
4.13:
%
9 42,86%
( )
4 19,05%
6 28,57%
2 9,52%
21 100,00%
, ,
, .
,
( ).
4.5.6. &
4.14:
,
, (= 11, 52,38%) (=10,
47,62%). ,
(=14, 70%),
MOODLE
0 0 0 10 11
% 0% 0% 0% 47,62% 52,38%
14 4 2 0 0
% 70,00% 20,00% 10,00% 0% 0% ( )
9 8 3 0 0
% 45,00% 40,00% 15,00% 0% 0%
11 3 3 0 0
% 55,00% 15,00% 15,00% 0% 5,00%
97
() (=9, 45%)
(-11, 55%) .
4.15:
, ,
, (= 18, 90%)
,
(=13, 65%). 42,86% (=9)
(moodle, e-class), 23,81% (=5)
(moodle, e-class).
4.5.7.
, ,
,
, :
Moodle.
.
.
moodle .
.
.
% %
2 10,00% 18 90,00%
7 35,00% 13 65,00%
(MOODLE, E-CLASS)
9 42,86%
(MOODLE, E-CLASS)
5 23,81%
98
.
.
.
moodle.
.
moodle .
.
, .
,
, .
.
,
,
, (55%),
, .
,
(moodle).
4.5.8. :
24 ,
, , 35-54
8-20 ,
, ,
.
99
,
.
//
.
, .
, .
.
4.6.
4.6.1.
,
(design and organization) , :
,
, ,
( 11).
100
4.16:
;
12 57,14%
15 71,43%
15 71,43%
18 85,71%
& 20 95,24%
( ) 0,00%
;
16 76,19%
19 90,48%
16 76,19%
14 66,67%
& 15 71,43%
( ) 1 4,76%
, ' ' ; 12 57,14%
12 57,14%
4 19,05%
8 38,10%
& 11 52,38%
( ) 0,00%
; 17 80,95% 2 9,52% 1 4,76% 1 4,76%
0,00%
( ) 0,00%
(85,71%, =18)
(95,24%, =20)
(90,48%,
101
=19). (80,95%, =17),
.
,
,
( 11).
4.17:
&
;
4 11 5 1
% 19,05% 52,38% 23,81% 4,76% 0,00% 0,00% ;
3 10 7
1
% 14,29% 47,62% 33,33% 0,00% 4,76% 0,00%
;
4 12 4 1
% 19,05% 57,14% 19,05% 4,76% 0,00% 0,00%
;
4 9 6 1 1
% 19,05% 42,86% 28,57% 4,76% 4,76% 0,00%
;
6 9 4 2
% 28,57% 42,86% 19,05% 9,52% 0,00% 0,00%
;
4 10 6 2
% 19,05% 47,62% 28,57% 9,52% 0,00% 0,00%
;
3 9 9
% 14,29% 42,86% 42,86% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00%
, 52,38%, (=11) ,
19,05% (=4),
102
.
, ;
, , ,
35% (=7),
25% (=5),
50% (=12), 40% (=9)
.
, :
: .
: ????
.
.
,
. :
- moodle.
.
!
: F2F!!!
:
.
:
. ,
moodle.
:
.
103
: (
forum
).
:
.
.
.
F2F .
.
1-2 .
" "
.
, , ,
(rubric)
( 12).
4.18: e-
(3) %
(2)
%
(1) %
(0)
%
: , , 14 70,00% 6
30,00% 0,00% 0,00%
: 16 80,00% 3
15,00% 0,00% 1 5,00%
11 55,00% 8
40,00% 1 5,00% 0,00%
: 14 70,00% 6
30,00% 0,00% 0,00%
16 80,00% 4
20,00% 0,00% 0,00%
104
16 80,00% 4
20,00% 0,00% 0,00%
15 75,00% 5 25,00
% 0,00% 0,00% : 12 60,00% 7
35,00% 1 5,00% 0,00%
, 15 75,00% 5
25,00% 0,00% 0,00%
. 19 95,00% 1
5,00% 0,00% 0,00%
. 18 90,00% 2
10,00% 0,00% 0,00%
19 95,00% 1
5,00% 0,00% 0,00%
15 75,00% 5
25,00% 0,00% 0,00%
19 95,00% 1
5,00% 0,00% 0,00%
16 80,00% 4
20,00% 0,00% 0,00%
14 70,00% 6 30,00
% 0,00% 0,00%
. ( ) 16 80,00% 4
20,00% 0,00% 0,00%
: (.. ). 16 80,00% 4
20,00% 0,00% 0,00%
, , . 10 50,00% 9
45,00% 0,00% 1 5,00%
. 18 90,00% 2
10,00% 0,00% 0,00%
10 50,00% 10 50,00
% 0,00% 0,00%
. 13 65,00% 6
30,00% 1 5,00% 0,00%
17 85,00% 3 15,00
% 0,00% 0,00% , , 18 90,00% 2
10,00% 0,00% 0,00%
. 13 65,00% 6
30,00% 1 5,00% 0,00%
10 50,00% 6
30,00% 2 10,00% 2 10,00%
,
, , e-,
105
.
,
.
,
.
.
, ( 11).
4.19:
.
; 16 3 1 1
% 76,19% 14,29% 4,76% 0,00% 0,00% 4,76% ; 19 1 1
% 90,48% 0,00% 4,76% 0,00% 0,00% 4,76%
; 18 1 1 1
% 85,71% 4,76% 4,76% 0,00% 0,00% 4,76% ; 17 2 1 1
% 80,95% 9,52% 4,76% 0,00% 0,00% 4,76% ; 15 4 1 1
% 71,43% 19,05% 4,76% 0,00% 0,00% 4,76% ; 18 1 1 1
% 85,71% 5,00% 5,00%
, , ; 17 2 1 1
% 80,95% 9,52% 4,76% 0,00% 0,00% 4,76% ; 18 2 1
% 85,71% 9,52% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 4,76%
106
; 13 6 1 1
% 61,90% 28,57% 4,76% 0,00% 0,00% 4,76%
; 18 1 1 1
% 85,71% 4,76% 4,76% 0,00% 0,00% 4,76%
,
.
,
,
.
Anderson, Anderson, Rourke, Garrison Archer (Anderson, Rourke, & Archer,
2001) ,
,
, ,
,
.
(Anderson, Rourke, & Archer, 2001), (De Wever,
Schellens, Valcke, & Van Keer, 2006).
Anderson, Rourke,
Garrison,
,
,
,
.
() &
, () & ()
107
& .
( 6).
, ()
, () ()
.
, . ,
,
,
, .
,
,
.
. 121
, 17 .
,
.
.
108
4.20:
%
&
27 22%
( ) 33 27%
22 18%
4 3%
&
, , 15 12%
4 3%
10 8%
, 9 7%
/ 1 1%
&
/ 2 2%
31 26%
, .., , , , 5 4%
3 2%
2 2%
1 1%
, :
4.21:
%
& 70 58%
& 34 28%
& 44 36%
109
: 1.
(=70, 58%)
&
(=34, 28%) & (=44,
36%).
(
) (=31, 26%), (=33, 27%)
(=27, 22%),
(=1, 1%)
/ (=1, 18%).
,
, ,
, ,
,
.
,
.
, 227
110
.
.
4.6.2.
,
,
.
,
.
,
. ,
e-,
.
, ,
,
. ,
.
,
, .
, , , ,
, [14] , , ,
.
. 4 ,
.
,
111
,
, ,
, ,
,
, ,
.
, 5-6
.
4.7.
4.7.1. (Cognitive Presence)
,
,
,
.
,
.
4.7.2.
(Garrison & Vaughan, 2008). (Garrison &
Vaughan, 2008, (Heckman & Annabi, 2005),
,
.
. ,
, ,
,
. :
112
()
,
,
,
e- (moodle),
.
() ,
,
, ,
,
, .
()
,
, .
4.7.3.
, ,
.
,
,
,
() .
moodle
() ,
, .
113
,
:
4.22: F2F (1)
1
2.12.2009
2
16.12.2009
3
13.01.2010
4
27.01.2010
5
17.02.2010
21 20 20 21 20
88% 83% 83% 88% 83%
24
.
, , 2,5 ,
,
()
(. , . , .).
,
, .
: 2. F2F (1)
,
.
. ,
.
,
, .
114
%
5 16 46%
2 9 38% 3 3 13% 2 1 4%
: 4.1: F2F (2)
: 3. F2F (2)
moodle
.
. :
%
1 21 88%
2 14 58%
3 17 71%
4 12 50%
5 20 83%
20 83%
20 83%
20 83%
RUBRIC 18 75%
RUBRIC e- 20 83%
21 88%
WIKI 18 75%
115
21 88%
24 100%
: 4.2:
21
(88%),
, .
,
,
().
(
: ).
moodle,
74 , :
%
s1 58 78%
s2 31 42%
s3 35 47%
s4 28 38%
s5 46 62%
s6 70 95%
s7 39 53%
s8 60 81%
s9 37 50%
s10 53 72%
s11 9 12%
s12 32 43%
s13 16 22%
116
s14 61 82%
s15 6 8%
s16 41 55%
s17 66 89%
s18 2 3%
s19 13 18%
s20 27 36%
s21 15 20%
s22 8 11%
s23 62 84%
s24 23 31%
: 4.3:
,
. 11 (46%),
50%, 5 80% .
,
,
,
, ,
.
/
s1 41 4 356 321 35 17 58
s2 26 6 229 219 10 22 31
s3 36 5 286 267 19 5 35
s4 48 8 219 206 13 7 28
s5 33 2 138 131 7 12 46
s6 24 13 419 402 17 4 70
s7 65 11 322 300 22 20 39
s8 72 17 488 473 15 6 60
117
s9 39 5 251 229 22 8 37
s10 33 3 369 329 40 18 53
s11 9 0 0 0 0 1 9
s12 39 12 277 264 13 5 32
s13 35 14 221 205 16 28 16
s14 64 16 676 625 51 59 61
s15 5 0 0 0 0 5 6
s16 47 9 303 290 13 17 41
s17 43 14 307 290 17 30 66
s18 18 4 60 49 11 5 2
s19 13 2 38 30 8 5 13
s20 32 6 228 214 14 25 27
s21 7 0 0 0 0 0 15
s22 18 3 155 125 30 16 8
s23 65 19 434 412 22 50 62
s24 57 13 434 412 22 14 23
: 4.4:
79 ,
, (=11, 46%) ,
4 (17%) .
7 (29%) 4 (17%)
.
(=21, 88%) .
/
( 676 38 625 30 ).
,
,
, .
, ,
.
118
.
;
7 4 7 3
33,33% 19,05% 33,33% 14,29%
;
5 7 9
23,81% 33,33% 42,86% , :
4 1 9 7
19,05% 4,76% 42,86% 33,33% ,
; ( )
> 10
5-10
1-5
1
3 10 8
14,29% 47,62% 38,10%
; ( )
> 2
1
2
3
1
4 10 3 4
19,05% 47,62% 14,29% 19,05% : 4.5:
,
, ,
, ,
17 (71%)
4 (17%) 3
. 12 (50%)
,
,
119
/
moodle.
(86%)
(90%),
, (62%)
. ,
,
.
,
' .
,
,
,
.
' ;
5 10 4 2
24% 48% 19% 10% 0% 0% ;
14 4 3
67% 19% 14% 0% 0% 0% ;
9 10 2
43% 48% 10% 0% 0% 0% ;
8 5 7 1
38% 24% 33% 5% 0% 0%
120
' ; 5 10 4 2 24% 48% 19% 10% 0% 0% ' ;
11 52%
15 71%
15 71% 15 71%
18 86% : 4.6:
,
, (=4, 20%), (=11, 50%)
(=5, 25%).
57 %
67%
.
,
.
:
.
.
.
!
.
.
.
.
121
.
&
,
, 19 (79%) ,
. ,
(67%).
;
7 12 2
34% 57% 10%
;
18 86%
19 90%
20 95%
8 38%
7 33%
( ) 3 14%
;
8 6 5 2
38% 29% 24% 10%
;
10 48% 19 90%
11 52%
8 38%
17 81%
( )
: 4.7:
,
; 45% (=9)
,
122
20% (=4)
.
4.7.4.
,
.
, ,
, ,
, ,
, . ,
, .
,
.
,
. ,
, ,
,
, ,
,
.
.
: .
, ,
() , () , ()
() .
123
, .
507 379
.
:
59 12% 4 1% 55 11% 118 24%
117 23% 12 2% 53 11% 182 36%
176 35% 20 4% 16 3% 212 42%
50 10% 20 4% 5 1% 75 15%
48 13% 42 11% 90 24% 55 15% 5 1% 60 16% 55 15% 1 0% 56 15% 4 1% 0 0% 4 1%
208 24% 242 27% 268 30% 79 9% : 4.8:
,
, ,
. ,
. ,
,
.
4.7.5.
, ,
. ,
. ,
124
,
, 7 .
.
, (Chat rooms)
( ,
:
) ,
Wiki .
,
,
, .
.
, .
Wiki, ,
, ,
,
. ,
/chat (
( ),
.
,
,
.
,
125
,
. ,
,
.
,
. ,
.
,
. ,
,
,
.
, ,
,
.
(
, :
),
, .
3 2 1
11 61,11% 6 33,33% 1 5,56%
9 50,00% 8 44,44% 1 5,56%
12 66,67% 6 33,33% 0,00%
7 38,89% 9 50,00% 0,00%
16 88,89% 2 11,11% 0,00%
11 61,11% 5 27,78% 0,00%
0,00% 15 83,33% 3 16,67%
8 44,44% 10 55,56% 0,00%
14 77,78% 4 22,22% 0,00%
126
8 44,44% 7 38,89% 3 16,67%
: 4.9:
, 3
() 1 () .
, ,
, .
, ,
;
45% (=9)
, .
,
:
.
,
,
.
. ,
,
.
,
.
;
. .
.
127
.
F2F
. ,
.
.
.
.
.
-
.
.
.
.
.
.
; .
.
4.7.6.
,
,
.
128
, ,
, .
, , ,
,
(moodle)
.
,
.
,
.
.
,
.
,
,
.
4.8.
.
.
,
,
.
129
4.8.1. (Social Presence)
, /
.
.
,
.
4.8.2.
, , ,
, ,
.
,
.
, Rourke, Anderson, Garrison Archer (Rourke, Anderson, Garrison, &
Archer, Assessing social presence in asynchronous text-based computer conferencing,
1999) ,
,
.
, ,
.
() , ()
() .
: : .
() :
, , ()
: , ,
, ,
130
() : ,
1
. ,
,
,
, .
, ,
. 507
379
121 .
,
.
.
%
369 42%
71 8% 266 30%
308 35% 133 15%
215 24%
241 27% , 64 7%
258 29%
131
318 36%
1 280 32%
359 41% : 4.10:
(. , .) ,
.
,
,
.
,
(
), , , ()
, ()
() .
% % % %
54 11% 24 5% 95 19% 173 34%
6 1% 3 1% 12 2% 21 4%
59 12% 16 3% 62 12% 137 27%
94 19% 9 2% 85 17% 188 37% 20 4% 10 2% 27 5% 57 11%
78 16% 18 4% 61 12% 157 31%
61 12% 17 3% 67 13% 145 29%
, 13 3% 4 1% 4 1% 21 4%
132
50 10% 20 4% 48 10% 118 24%
83 17% 12 2% 70 14% 165 33%
1 22 4% 9 2% 34 7% 65 13%
94 19% 13 3% 65 13% 172 34% : 4.11:
% % %
139 37% 57 15% 196 52%
41 11% 9 2% 50 13%
83 22% 46 12% 129 34%
60 16% 60 16% 120 32% 68 18% 8 2% 76 20%
36 9% 22 6% 58 15%
73 19% 23 6% 96 25%
, 40 11% 3 1% 43 11%
111 29% 29 8% 140 37%
143 38% 10 3% 153 40%
133
1 159 42% 56 15% 215 57%
175 46% 12 3% 187 49% : 4.12:
,
,
. ( 4-1)
,
,
.
,
,
, :
4-1:
134
.
;
6 6 7 1 1
29% 29% 32% 5% 5% , ;
10 9 1 1
48% 42% 5% 5%
, ;
8 8 3 2
38% 38% 14% 10% , ;
11 8 1 1
52% 38% 5% 5% , ;
13 6 1 1
61% 29% 5% 5% ;
4 4 10 2 1
19% 19% 48% 5% 5% ;
9 10 1 1
42% 48% 5% 5%
; 4 10 7
19% 48% 33%
, ;
5 8 7 1
24% 38% 33% 5%
; 5 8 7 1
24% 38% 33%
5,00% , ;
10 6 5
48% 29% 23%
; 5 5 8 3
24% 24% 38% 14%
;
8 8 4 1
38% 38% 19% 5% 5% : 4.13:
(58%)
,
(76%)
(90%) .
,
135
(90%),
(38%)
(67%) ,
(77%).
(48%)
(76%).
,
:
,
.
.
.
: , ,
, .
.
: Moodle
.
.
:
.
:
. , .
.
.
.
.
136
: . .
.
: . .
.
.
,
.
,
,
.
:
.
:
.
.
.
. .
, .
,
, .
: , ,
.
().
4.8.3.
,
137
, ,
.
,
.
, ,
,
,
.
() ,
,
.
4.9. (Education/Learning
Outcome)
/
(education/ learning outcome/professional
development), :
()
, ,
,
()
, ,
,
() ,
.
138
.
&
.
;
9 9 3
43% 43% 14%
;
15 4 1 1
71% 19% 0% 5% 5%
& ;
12 5 2 1 1
57% 24% 10% 5% 5%
moodle, ;
11 6 2 1 1
52% 29% 10% 5% 5%
;
7 9 3 1 1
33% 43% 14% 5% 5%
;
11 4 5 0 1
52% 19% 24% 0% 5%
;
6 29% 6 29% 19 90% 4 19%
5 24%
( ) 1 5%
: 4.14:
90% (=18) &
(=17, 81%). (=16,
76%) (=15, 71%) ,
.
139
4.9.1.
, .
.
;
0 1 2 2 15 1
0% 5% 10% 10% 71% 5% ;
18 2
86% 10%
;
14 6 1
67% 29% 5% , ;
20 0 1
95% 0% 5% , ;
20 0 1
95% 0% 5%
;
18 86% 12 57% 14 67% 20 95% &
16 76% ( ) 1 5%
; 12 57% 14 67% 15 71% & 15 71% 11 52% ( ) 1 5%
: 4.15:
,
(=18, 96%)
, . 19
140
(95%) ,
,
(=20, 96%).
(=20, 85%), (=18, 86%),
(=16, 76%)
.
,
, .
(=15, 71%),
(=15, 71%)
(=14, 67%),
(=12, 57%) (=11, 52%).
,
;, :
.
,
. ,
150-250 .
.
. .
.
.
, ,
.
( ,
, .)
.
141
.
.
.
.
, .
, .
!!! ,
. , .
, .
.
, ,
;, :
.
.
- .
.
.
,
.
,
.
.
142
.
, .
,
, ;,
:
,
45 .
,
.
, -
.
( ).
, ,
,
,
,
.
,
,
.
4.9.2.
,
, (template) e-
.
.
. ,
, ,
143
.
.
. , ,
, ,
.
.
21
, (:
).
4.9.3.
, ,
7 , :
_1 2
_1 4
_1 Logo 5
_1 4
_2 4
_1 3
_1
2
: 4.16:
144
. , ,
.
,
,
, ,
.
,
,
.
,
, 14
.
4.9.4.
, .
&
.
'' ;
12 6 1 1 1
57% 29% 5% 5% 0% 4,76%
();
11 7 2
52% 33% 10% 0% 0% 0%
();
1 19
0% 0% 0% 5% 90% 0%
;
4 10 3 2
19% 48% 14% 0% 10% 0%
;
20 0
95% 0%
;
19 1
90% 5%
;
1 19
5% 90%
;
1 19
5% 90%
: 4.17:
145
:
.
!
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
,
, .
,
( !).
-
.
, /
. .
146
, ,
.
,
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
, , , , , .
, .
.
.
.
.
5. &
5.1.
, (Bliuc, Goodyear, &
Ellis, 2007) ,
,
,
.
,
.
147
,
,
.
,
,
.
(Garrison & Vaughan, 2008), (,
)
,
, ,
,
.
:
5.1.1. &
,
,
,
.
, .
.
, , ,
.
,
148
.
, ,
.
5.1.2.
,
,
.
,
( ),
.
5.1.3.
, ,
.
, ,
, .
,
, , .
, ,
.
,
,
,
.
149
, ,
.
5.1.4.
.
,
. ,
,
.
.
,
,
,
.
,
.
5.1.5. &
(. ),
,
.
,
, , ,
,
.
.
,
150
.
,
,
,
, .
5.1.6.
( ,
)
.
5.1.7.
,
. ,
(Scardamalia & Bereiter, 1994).
.
moodle
on line , .
12 5 .
. , ,
.
. !
,
. 2 (1 ..
1 ..) . on-line
. (8-1-2010)
, 5
151
. , on-line
.
,
,
. .
, .
. ,
moodle ,
.
. .
.
...
.
,
. ,
.
. .
5.1.8.
, ,
, .
,
.
,
152
, , ,
.
, ,
, , ,
,
,
,
. ,
, ,
, ,
.
5.2.
, (Bliuc, Goodyear, &
Ellis, 2007) ,
,
,
.
,
.
,
,
.
,
153
,
.
:
(1)
,
.
(2)
( ),
(3)
( )
(4) ,
,
(5)
, ,
(6)
,
(7) .. Moodle
( ), ,
.
.
(8)
,
,
154
(9) ,
,
(10)
,
(11) ,
(12) ,
(13)
(14)
(15)
5.3.
:
.. Moodle ,
( ), ,
.
.
, ()
,
, Moodle,
.
moodle.
.
, , ,
. , moodle.
155
VII:
Anderson, T., Rourke, L., & Archer, W. (2001). Assessing teaching presence in a
computer conference context. Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks , 5(2).
Barry, B. Work-based Learning and the Learning Organisation.
Beer, M. D., Slack, F., & Armitt, G. (2005). Collaboration and Teamwork: Immersion
and Presence in an Online Learning Environment. Information Systems Frontiers , 7(1),
27-37.
Bell, J. (1997). .
: Gutenberg.
Betts, B. (2008). Teacher Quality: The Principal s Role.
Billett, S. (1992). Towards a theory of workplace learning. Studies in Continuing
Education , pp. 14:2, 143-155.
Bliuc, A., Goodyear, P., & Ellis, R. (2007). Research focus and methodological choices
in studies into students experiences of blended learning. Internet and Higher Education ,
10, 231-244.
Bork, A. (1985). Personal computers for education. New York: Harper & Row.
Boud, D., & Solomon, N. (2001). Work-Based Learning. A New Higher Educatio