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2
© ɃÕ∆ πŒƒº ≠Œæ∆¬÷¤, û¬Ÿ πŒ”», 2003,
geñk b rfwbz yf cf q nt ≈÷÷œ://ŸŸŸ.ºƒÕ∆¤Œƒº.Œ”ƒ
Yfcnjzofz ãktrnhjyyfz dthcbz
geñkbretncz gj bplfybç:
Rhbgnjuhfvvs Djcnjrf.
3-t bplfybt, ljgjkytyyjt.
Hbuf: Eueyc, 1999.
1-t bpl._ •º”∆’, 1929
© Eueyc, 1992, c bpvtytybzvb
© Eueyc, 1999, c bpvtytybzvb
Dct ghfdf cjøhfyzçncz.
Kçñjt djcghjbpdtltybt ljgecrftncz
njkmrj c gbcmvtyyjuj hfphtitybz bplfntkz.
3
X f cnj nfr yfp s df tvst fgjrhbas cjø h f y z çn
v yjubt xthns lt q cn d b ntk myj cnb, bpüznst bp ja b-
w b fk my s ø nt rcnjd . D ãn b ø y tjå b l f y y s ø h f cc rf-
pfø b g h b n x f ø , h f c r b yen s ø c h tl b y f h jljd F p b b ,
epyfäv, rfrbt bvt y yj jñkbrb åbden d yfhjl yjv
cjp y f y b b .
Jn Fknfz lj Wt q kjyf yfhjls vtx nf çn j Dtk b-
rbø Ex b ntkzø, ghbgjvbyfz bp lhtdyj cnb xthns bø
åbpyb b ghbñk b åfz bpkjåtybt r øf h f rnt he cdjt q
cnh f y s .
Cjñ b h fnm ãnb rhbgnjuhfvvs dtkbrbø lev _
p y fxbn pf uk z yenm d leie yfhjljd .
Y fx fkj gen b
D kf l s rf Ñellf lt q cn d b ntk myj gjr b yek hjl yjq
ujh jl. Lt q cn d b ntk myj cjpt h wfk gjl lt h t djv vel-
h j cnb. Lt q cn d b ntk myj exbk d Ñtyfhtct. Lt q cn d b-
ntk myj jrjyxbk Ex b ntk m cn dj Cdjä d Rei b y f uf h t .
Yj dt rf ghbñfdbkb vyjuj ñf ct y .
D kf l s rf gjr b yek hjl yjq ujh jl yf rjyt d cj-
g h jdjå ltybb gj c kf y yjuj ckeub. Ljh juf ktåfkf
yf ct dt h j - pfgfl, dljkm ljkbys htrb. Ldt ytltk b
g h jljk åfkcz ec rjhtyysq genm. Rjulf vbyjdfk b
ujhyst ghjøjls, rjy x b kcz rjyysq genm, lfk mi t
dtkf jøjn y b x mz nh jg f .
Pltcm zdktyysq ckeuf jcnfdbk Tuj, yj yf ghjof-
ybt crfpfk: ≤Ñhfn wfhtdbx, blb, b rjulf yfqläim
ø b å b ye jøjn y b rf, gthtlfq tve ãnjn recjr lt h t df ≥ .
B lfk Tve recjr lt h t df c nh tvz pyfrf v b .
D kf l s rf iäk ctvm lytq gj nh jgt. Yf dj c mvjq
lt y m lji ä k lj ø b å b y s . L dt h m ñ skf jn r h s nf , b d s-
cjrbq cnfhbr, jltnsq d cnf heç, uhz p yeç gjl l ä d re,
cnheufk lt h t dj .
5
D kf l s rf jñ h fn b kcz c ghbdtncn d b tv, cjukf c yj
jñsxfç Bylbb. Yj jøjnybr hfcc vt z kcz b erfpfk
y f lt h t dj . D kf l s rf dc gjv y b k j rec rt lt h t df b g t-
h tl fk tve. C nf h b r d y b vfntk myj jcvjnh tk pyfrb
b ljñ h jlei yj erfpfk yf cnjk d øbåbyt. Dkf l s rf
gjyzk ghbukfitybt b jn dtl fk lbxm b väl. Pfntv
cnfhbr pyfrfvb erfpfk Dkf l s rt jnljø yen m .
Rjulf Dkf l s rf Ñellf ghjcyekcz, cjk y wt njk mrj
x nj jpf h b kj cytuf. Jøjn y b rf yt ñskj d øbåbyt,
yj cj ldjhf hfpl f dfkcz cner tuj njgjhf. Yj djn
t uj abuehf gjrfpfkfcm d ldt hzø b gjl fkf Dkf l s rt
gbnmä bp välf. Pfntv cnfhbr dpzk ceve b rjgmä b
erfpfk yf cjk y wt. Dkf l s rf gjyzk, xnj gjhf d gen m ,
b, dpzd gj cjø, dsitk bp øbåbys. Cnfhbr nh b å l s
gjrkjy b kcz Tve b erfpfk cktljdfn m .
Gjljq l z r recnf h y b re, jy h fpl d b yek dtn d b , b jñ-
y f heå b kfcm ep rfz nh jgf. Jy cltkfk pyfr Dkf l s rt
c ktljdfnm pf ybv b ñscnhj gjiäk dgthäl, erfp s-
dfz yf cjk y wt. Nfr ikb jyb lj gjkelyz, ktc yfx fk
h tltnm, b cnfk ljyjcbnmcz iev htrb. Jyb dsikb
yf ñt h t u.
C nfhbr yfnz yek ker b gj c kfk cnh tke. Vjkx f
å l fkb jyb. Dkf l s rf cyzk c ctñz jcnf d i b tcz er h f-
6
itybz b gjl fk cnf h b re. Yj njn erfpfk ñhjcbnm
d htre.
D jn gjz d b kcz yf lheujv ñt h t ue dscjrbq xtkjdt r ,
d s l d b yek xäky b yfg h f d b kcz r ybv. Rf anfy tuj
ñ sk jnjh jxty vtøjv b kbwj jxtym cveukjt, ib-
h jrjt. Lj cn b u yed ñt h t uf, ytp y f rjvtw gjrkjy b kc z
D kf l s rt b ghbukfcbk d xäky.
D kf l s rf øjntk ghjcnbnmcz c jøjn y b rjv, yj njn
y tpf vtn yj bcx tp. Ytp y f rjvtw nf r åt øhfybk vjkx f-
ybt. Lj cn b u yed ñt h t uf, jyb ctkb yf rjytq b cnfk b
gjl s vfnmcz d ujhe.
Yjx mç lj cn b ukb jyb ghtltkf cytujd b yf hfc-
c dtnt cgecnbkbcm d Jñbntk m .
7
P f dt ofyysq Vfqnh t z
Ukfpf wf h t d b x f - h tñ ä y rf hfyj jn r h skbcm yf
xeltcf vbhf. Ybxnj yt ec rjk m pfkj jn Tuj ghjy b r-
yjdt y yjuj dybvf y b z .
Wfhm crfpfk: ≤Ghjy b wfntk myj cnm tcnm dtytw dkf-
lsrb, yj rhtgj cnm herb tuj tcnm tuj obn. Gecn m
erhtgbn here yf ntn b dt kerf. Gecnm ltnb pyfn y s ø
r i fnhbtd cj cnz pf çncz c wf h t d b x tv ≥ .
Vfn m - wf h b wf ghbñf d b kf: ≤Tckb ghjy b wfntk m-
yj cnm tcnm dtytw dkflsrb b rhtgj cnm her b _
o b n t uj, nj cbzybt dkflsrb tcnm vbkj cnm b pyf-
ybt. Ghtl gjx ne dbltnm vjt uj gjnjv rf d jr heåt y b b
g b cfdibø Dtls Lãd Vel h j cn b ≥ .
Njulf cnfhsq velhtw jñ h fn b kcz r wfhç, ujdjhz :
≤ Vfnm gjx b nf tvfz, b ns, dkf l s rf, gjdtk b nt vyt
cjtlbybnm dfib åtkfybz. Gjdtk b nt ghtlcnf d b n m
dfv ne, rjnjheç vs pjdäv ljx t h mç Dtk b rjuj Yfuf .
Rjnjheç vs ghbyzkb d ljv cdjq b eåt ctv b ktn b t
rfr bpev k z tvcz tä vel h j cnb b rhtgj cnb tä cnh tks .
Gjb cnbyt jyf lj cnjqyf herb, yfx t hnfditq vel-
h j cnm Dtl ≥ .
8
≤ G h b dtl b ≥ , _ erfpfk wf h m .
Velhsq cjdtnybr ghbdäk vjkjljt ceotcn dj b
c rfpfk: ≤Vf q nhb, gjikb kexibq ghbdtn yfitve
wf h ç ≥ .
Ytñ s dfkj ñskj dbltnm ctv b ktnyçç lt djx re
d ñtkjv jltzybb c kerjv d hert b rbyåfkjv
pf gjz cjv. Eñjh nävysø djkjc nz å rj yt ckei fkc z
jñ hexf Yfuf, b ukfpf cvjnh tkb uhecn yj b ceh jdj .
Wfhm ghbrfpfk: ≤Vf q nhb, tckb ns vjåtim gec-
nbnm cnh tke, nj ghjypb gfdk b y f ≥ .
Vf q nhb gjrkjy b kfcm wfhç, crfpfd: ≤Yt vjue kb-
i fn m å b djn yjt å b p y b . Yj gjp djk m , wf h m , g h jy p b n m
z ñkjrj yf dthibyt zñkjy b ≥ .
Erfpfk wfhm Vf q nhb ñsnm ghb wfhtdbxt b
v yjuj el b dk z kcz vel h j cnb, yfqlt y yjq yf ñt h t ue
jpt h f .
V yjuj ktn ghjdäk wfhtdbx c Vf q nhb, yfp s dfz
tä nj uhjp yjq, nj cbzçotq, nj djb yjv, nj ghjh b-
wfntk my b wtq vel h j cnb Yfujd .
B ldthm Genb jn r h skf Vf q nh b .
Rjulf åt vjoysq Ktd dt h yekcz b hsrjv Bcn b-
ys gjr h sk ujhs, Vf q nhb cjø h f y b kf Tve kex i eç
9
ex t y b we b crfpfkf: ≤Jyf ghjckfdbn vtcnj nheljd
Ndjb ø ≥ .
D kf l s rf Bcnbys crfpfk: ≤Vf q nhb, zdkt y y s q
G h jdjlybr b Lt håfntkm. Ns, cjrhsdibq vel h j cn m
c djç jn njkgs, Ns pf cnegbim vtcnj Vjä, rf r
D kf l s rf Cj cnhflfybz b Nhelf. Vf q nhtz gjdtl ä n
y f h jls r Cdtne, b cnh tkf gjl d b uf ghbytcän zñkjrj
P y f y b z ≥ .
C rfpf y yjt nfr åt dt h yj, rfr e vtcnf ghjckf d-
ktybz Ex b ntkz djpl d b u y tncz Øhfv Pyfybz.
C rfpf y yjt nfr åt dt h yj, rfr ex t y b wf Ñkf uj-
c kjdt y yjuj jnl f cn bvz cdjä Øhfve Pyfybz.
J c yjdfybt zdktybz Bcnbys pf r h t g kt yj nhel f v b
å b p y b .
L f yj d Xjhnty Rf h gj .
1 0
Eøjl
Rjulf ghbñk b p b kjcm dhtvz eqnb, Ñkf uj c kjdt y-
ysq crfpfk cdjtq åtyt: ≤Eq l ä v ≥ .
B nhbåls crfpfk _ x t h tp vuke yjxb, gjl pyjtv
gjkelyz b d kext dj cøjl f .
Yj yjx mç hsrfkb nbuhs. D pyjt dsgjkpkb pvt b .
B yfenhj cnjkgbkbcm jñtp mz y s .
≤Toä ñjçc m , _ crfpfkf åt y f , _ ysyt≥.
≤ Njåt y f ñkf uj , _ c rfpfk Ñkf uj c kjdt y y s q , _
ñtp pjdf cdjtç gj cneg mç gjy tcäim Ex t y b t ≥ .
B ckjy pfnheñbk ctvm hfp, jgjdt ofz chjr yjdj-
uj cdblfybz.
1 1
P f dtns
≤ Øjh jij, ødfkç ntñz, Fyfylf, bñj ñtp pjdf blän
en dt hl b ntk my b wf ≥ .
B Ñkf uj c kjdtyysq ed b ltk yf ifhat d Ytñt
cel m ñe Cdtnf Vfnthb Vbhf.
Pltcm Ñkf uj c kjdtyysq gthtlfän: ≤Dcä lkz dct uj
b dct ul f ≥ .
≤ P f vtnm xtnsht pf rjyf: Pfrjy Dvt otybz, Pfrjy
Ñ tccnhfibz, Pfrjy Ñk b pj cnb, Pfrjy Ñkf uf ≥ .
1 2
Bpñhfybt yf gjl d b u
Rfr Ñellf bpñ b h fk ex t y b rjd yf gjldbu? Chtl b
pfyznbq, rjulf enjv ktybt eåt jdkf lt dfkj ex t y b-
rfvb, Ñellf ghtl kf ufk cfvsq ytjåblfyysq djg h j c
b ålfk crjh t q i t uj jn dtnf .
Bkb, gj cnfdbd cfvsq ghjcnjq ghtl vtn, ghtl-
kf ufk jg b cfnm tuj yt ñjktt xtv nh tvz ckjdfvb bkb
vt y tt xtv cjnytç cnh f y b w .
Bkb, gj cnfdbd ex t y b rf gthtl pfg t hnjç ldt h mç ,
c g h f i b dfk: ≤Xtv jn r h jtim tä?≥
Bkb gj c skfk vep s rf y njd gjl jr yj b pf cnf dk z k
g tnm ubvys, cjdt h i t y yj ghjn b djgjkjåysø cjlt h-
åf y b q .
Bkb, pf vtnbd ljrex k b deç veøe, ghtl kf ufk ex t-
y b re gjdnjhbnm ckjdf, ytjå b l f y yj crfpf y y s t .
Bkb, ghjøjlz gthtl ex t y b rfvb, cghfibdfk :
c rjk mrj hfp ghji ä k ?
Bkb, pf vtnbd ñjzpym gthtl åbdjnysvb bkb
g t h tl zdktybzvb ghbhjls, cnfdbk ec kjd b tv gj-
ñjh jn m .
Nfr vjoysq Ktd pf rfkzk rk b yjr leøf .
1 3
K çñbvfz buhf Ñells
c ex t y b rf v b
Nf r åt yt yflj pf ñ s dfnm kçñ b veç buhe Ñells
c ex t y b rfvb d vbyene jnl s øf .
Ex b ntkm ñhjcfk d ghjcnh f y cn dj jl yj ckjdj, gj
rjnjh jve extybrb cnh jbkb wtkeç vsckm.
Ytn ñjktt vel h juj bcgsnfybz cj cnjzybz cj-
p y f y b z .
1 4
J c y jdf Ex t y b z
K çlb yt ez c y z çn ctñt jcyjde Extybz Ñkf uj-
c kjdt y yjuj. Jcyjdf _ lbcwbgkbyf. Leøjd yj b nt-
ktc yj vjyfø jñobys cnh tv b kcz elt håfnmcz yf
genb. Gthdst ujls jy yäc nz åä kjt gj c kei f y b t .
T ve dj c g h t ofkjcm eñ b dfnm ctñz eg h f å y t y b z v b
cnjk g y b rf, yj ghtl g b c s dfkjcm dtcnb ñbnde tl b-
ysv yfx fkjv leøf .
Nfr ceh jdj exbk Ñellf ex t y b rjd .
D jb cn b ye, njk mrj d leøjd yjq ñbndt pyfkb jy b
h f lj cnm, gjnjve ujdjh b ncz j nthybzø gen b .
Njk mrj rjulf djkz gjl d b å y b rf hjå l fkfcm gj-
ljñ yj kmde b ct h tñ hzyfz eplf leøf cdt h rfkf yf
xedcn dfø ex t y b rf, njk mrj njulf Dkf l s rf ghbjn-
r h s dfk pf dtce b lfdfk pf l fxe.
P fntv eåt gj cnt g t y yj extybr gj c dz ofkcz d
Nfqys Pyfybz.
1 5
J n rfp jn cj ñcn dt y y jcn b
Jlyfåls extybr cghjcbk Ñkf uj c kjdt y yjuj :
≤ Rfr gjyznm bcgjkytybt pfgjdtlb jn rfpf jn cjñ-
cn dt y yj cnb? Jlby extybr gjr b yek dct dtob, yj
Ex b ntkm ghjljk åfk eg h t rfnm tuj d cjñcn dt y yj cn b .
L heujq jcnf dfkcz d jr heåtybb dt otq, yj yt pf-
c keåbk eg h ä rf ≥ .
≤ X edcn dj cjñcn dt y yj cnb bpvt hz tncz yt dt of v b ,
yj vsckzvb. Vjå yj bvtnm dtob b yt ñsnm cjñ-
cn dt y y b rjv ≥ .
Ñellf gj cnjz y yj cjdtnjdfk bvtnm djpvjå yj
vt y mit dt otq, xnjñs yt jnl f dfnm bv ckbirjv
v yjuj dhtvt y b .
1 6
J ceå ltybt bpe dt h jd
Ñellf ujdjhbk ñhfvbyfv: ≤R xtve ghbdtkf df i f
jnltk ä y yj cnm? Pf øktñjv ds blänt yf jñobq ñfpf h
b wt y b nt vjy tns bp rji tkz ielhs. Dfif jnltk ä y-
yj cnm ghjcnj yfp s df tncz uhfñtåjv. B cdz ot y y s t
dtob dfib ghjcnj jhelbz jñvfyf. Bveotcn dj
ñjufnjuj ñhfvbyf yt tcnm kb gjyjitybt Ñjåt-
cn dt y yjuj Pfrjy f ?
Ds cx b nf tnt çu cdtnjv b ct dth nmvjç. Ñeltn
d h tvz, rjulf ghble jn gjkeyjxb, b dfi cdtn
gjvt h r y tn. Lfåt gnbws ktnzn yf ct dth, xnjñs nf v
g h b y tcnb vbhe gnt y wjd. Lfåt cthst uecb pyfçn
wt y yj cnm bveotcn df yf ptv kt. Yj ñhfvby gsnf-
tncz yfñbnm pjkjnjv gjzc cdjq b yfñhfnm cjr h j-
d b of gjl jx f ujv b gjl gjh jujv ljvf .
Ñhfvby, ns dtläim åfk reç åbpym b rjytw ndjq
ñeltn åfkrbv. Ns gthdsq ñeltim gjl ktåfn m
ey b x njåt y b ç .
Tckb eq le yf ct dth, nj jn nelf b dt h yec m ≥ .
1 7
Nhb Fhøfnf
Nhb Fhøfnf ytjncneg yj ghjcbkb Ñel le gjp dj-
kbnm bv bcgsnfnm xelj. Ñellf gjvtcnbk rf å ljuj
d nävyeç rjv y fne b pfgth bø. Gj c kt ljk ujuj dht-
vtyb Ñkf uj c kjdtyysq dspdfk bø b cghjcbk j db-
lt y yjv bvb. Rfålsq hfcc rfpfk hfpyst dblt y b z .
Yj Ñellf crfpfk: ≤Ntgthm ds ljkåys cjukf c b n m-
cz, xnj xeltcf yt gjktpys, bñj ukf d yjt xelj ds
yt joenbkb. Bñj ds vjukb joenbnm ñsnbt dyt
p h b vj cnb, b ãnj joeotybt vjukj yfghfdbnm dfc
pf ghtltks ptv k b .
Yj ds ghjljk åfkb cjp y f dfnm ctñz cblzobvb
yf ptv kt, b vsckb dfib ghbnz u b dfkb r ptv kt
djkys cnbøbq. Yfñeøfybt cnbøbqysø jñk b rjd ds-
p dfkj gjnhz ctybz d hfpysø cnhfyfø. Ds hfp he-
ibkb crfks b ey b x njåbkb eh f uf yjv rjh f ñk b .
D jn ns dbltk rhfcyjuj pdt hz c gkf vt y yjq
rjh jyjq, yj jujym, bpdktxäyysq njñjç bp ñtpl y s ,
c g fkbk ljvf ñtppf o b n y s ø _ blb b gjvju b !
Ns dbltk zothf c jñk b rjv ltds, ns pf cnf d b k
djkys cvsnm hsñfwrbt kjl r b _ cgtib gjvjx m !
1 8
D jn ns dbltk jhkf ktnz ot uj, b eh f ufy cyäc
eh jåfq nhel z o b øc z _ blb b djpvtcnb!
Ult åt gjk m pf dfif, Fhøfns? Cjdf d leg kt gj-
ktp y tt ghjdtkf dhtvz. Bkb ds nhel b ntcm d gjnt
k b wf yf ptv kt, bkb d vbyene etlbytybz djp-
d s i f q nt ctñz yfl ptvkäç. Yj ñtcc v s c kt y yjt
djpveotybt cnbøbq gecnm yt ñeltn pf y z n b tv vel-
h juj ! ≥
Bcn b y yj, gthj, dsgfditt bp rhskf vfkt y mrjq
gnbws, ghjb p djlbn uhjv yf lfk mybø vbhfø.
Dl s øfz djpleø, vs ghbjñ of tvcz rj dctv
vbhfv. Velhsq blän jn ptvkb rdt høe, bñj vbhs
jn r h jçn lheu lheue vel h j cnm cdjç .
1 9
G f cn eø b cf y y m z c b y
G f cneø ed b ltk xtkjdt rf gjl lt h t djv, cblzot uj
d hfpv s i ktybb. Jy ctk hz ljv b gsnfkcz pf le-
vfnmcz, gjl h f åfz xtkjdt re.
Jy yfx fk gthtcx b n s dfnm cdjbø ñf h f yjd b vsc-
kt y yj dp dt i b dfnm dsujle heyf bø.
J ñf cbltkb vjkxf. Yfrjytw gfcneø cghjcbk:
≤ Uj c gjlby, j xäv levftim ns?≥ Njn crfpfk: ≤J
Ñ jut ≥ .
G f cneø cghjcbk: ≤Pyftim kb, j xäv levfk z?≥
≤ Njåt j Ñjut ≥ .
≤ J i b ñftimcz, j dsujlt ghjlfåb hey f ≥ .
≤ Bcn b y yj, njåt j Ñjut. Njk mrj vjtve Ñjue ytx t-
uj ghjl f dfnm, ndjq åt Ñju ljk åty cgthdf cøjl b n m
yf ñfpfh. Yj vjåtn ñsnm, jy yf genb dcnh tn b n
h fpñjq y b rf, rjnjhsq gjvjåtn jñ h fnbnmcz tve r
ãnjve lt h t de≥ .
Nfr ujdjhbk Ufenf vf .
C øjl b nt yf ñfpfh. Elevf q nt crjh tt, xnjñs dt h-
yen m c z .
2 0
G h jlf dtw jñtp m z y
Yf rjh f ñkt gksk ghjl f dtw jñtp mzy. Yf lj ceut
jy yfexbk bø gjl h f åfnm vjhz rfv, rfr nt hfcgec-
rfkb gfhecf .
Yj gjl y z kfcm ñehz, vjhzrb ñhjcbkbcm eñ b h fn m
c y f cnb. Jñtp mzys åt, pyfz kbim, rfr hfcgec rfn m ,
ikb cktljv b yfnz u b dfkb cyfcn b .
Rjh f ñkm gjubñ, bñj ex b ntkm ghtl d b ltk kbim
z c yeç gjujle.
Nfr crfpfk Ñel l f _ J ñ yjd b ntkm Kjnj cf åbpyb.
2 1
G hbnxf j dj g h j i f d i tv
L uek yjh cx b nfkcz cfvsv velhsv. Jy bvtk
cx f cnmt gjkexbnm Ex b ntkz bp Cdz ot y yjq Gjlptv-
yjq Cnhfys, yj Jy ñsk kbiäy zpsrf b ghfdjq
her b .
Ecnh tvbdibqcz extybr pf l fk djghjc, b Ex b ntk m
r b d yek ujkjdjq .
Extybr pf l fk ldf djg h j cf, b Ex b ntkm ldf å l s
r b d yek .
C rjhj extybr pf l f dfk ytghthsdyj djghjcs,
b Ex b ntkm ytghthsdyj rbdfk. Nhb ujlf ghjljk-
åfkjcm djg h jifybt, b nhb ujlf rbdfk Ex b ntk m .
≤ P y fx b n, gj jg s ne ndjtve, dcä ñsdf tn?≥
B Ex b ntk m y t njk mrj r b d yek , yj b gjrkjy b k-
c z d ptv k ç b , jn r h s d y f u hel b jltå le, gjrfpfk
yf uhelb bpjñ h f åtybt Ñkf uj c kjdt y yjuj, lfçot uj
jñtbvb herf v b .
Nfr ñskf en dt hå ltyf vel h j cnm b ñskj djp dt-
k b x t yj ndjhx tcn dj åbpyb.
2 2
Rjk tcj Pfrj y f
Ñkf uj c kjdtyysq crfpfk ghbnxe j Rjktct Pfrjy f .
R bcrec yjve gthtgbcx b re ghbiäk gjxnäyysq xt-
kjdtr b gjhexbk gthtgbcfnm djpp dfybt r Ñjue, lkz
x t uj ghbyäc lj cnfnjxysq gthuf vt y n.
D c ktl pf ybv ghbiäk xtkjdtr c gjhex t y b tv
g t h t g b cfnm gbcmvj, gjk yjt eu h jp, b lfk nf r åt gth-
uf vt y n, njh jgz jrjyxbnm crjh tt .
X njñ eujlbnm tve, gthtgbcxbr yfheibk jx t h tl m
b gjcgtibk c tuj gjhex t y b tv, ghbxäv d gj c g t i-
yj cnb cø dfnbk rjåe gthdjuj pf rfpf .
Eu h jåfdibq jcnfkcz jxtym ljdjkty b gjñtåfk
b pkbnm cdjç pkjñe.
P fntv ghbiäk gthdsq pf rfpxbr b, cvjnhz yf
g t h uf vt y n, crfpfk: ≤Ult rjåf, lfyyfz vyjç?≥ Ep y f d
dcä ckex b d i ttcz, jy ghjbpyäc: ≤Rjåf lkz vjk b n d
yj c b kf ñkf uj c kjdtybt bcgjkytybz, njulf rfr rjåf
lkz eu h jp ñskf kbityf djplt q cn d b z .
Xtkjdt r y t dt h y s q , y f hei b d pf rjy c h jrjd , n s k b-
ibk vjk b n de cbks, rjnjhfz ljkåyf ñskf gjvjx m
2 3
ñjk myjve, yj vfkj njuj, ns ghbdäk d lt q cn d b t
eu h jps, rjnjhst gjkys ytc ks øfyysø gj c ktlcn d b q .
G h jg fk nhel Fhøfnf, ñkf uj c kjd b d i t uj vjç rjåe.
G h jg fk nhel Fhøfnf, kbibdibq pkj cbks .
Ns dsgecnbk d vbh pkjñ yjt ghjrkznbt, b ytbp-
ñtå yj jyj dt h y ä ncz r ntñt. Ns cnjk r yek c gen b
Rjktcj Pfrjyf, b jyj yt ñeltn dtcnb ntñz, yj gtht-
ctxän genm ndjq ≥ .
Yt gbibnt pf rjys yf vähn djq rjåt, rjnjheç
gthdsq djh ey tc ä n.
Ytc b nt Pfrjys d leøt, b lsøfybt Ñkf uf gjy tc ä n
g t h tl dfvb Rjktcj Pfrjyf, jñktuxfz dfi gen m .
Yt dt h yj cnm gthtgbcx b rf vjåtn djdktxm wtks q
vbh d ñtlcn d b t .
2 4
X t hnf ytj ñøjl b v jcn b
J n x t uj yfx fkjcm hfpkbxbt vtå le Ñel ljç b
Lt df l fn njç ?
Lt df l fn nf cghjcbk: ≤C xtuj yfx b y fnm rf å ljt
lt q cn d b t ? ≥
Ñkf uj c kjdtyysq jn dtx fk: ≤C cf vjuj ytjñøj-
l b vjuj, bñj rf å ljt vuyjdtybt bvttn cdjç yt-
jñøjl b vj cnm b ãnj yfp s df tncz cghfdtl k b dj cn mç
lt q cn d b z ≥ .
Lt df l fn nf yfcnf b dfk: ≤Rfr djp y b rf tn jx t d b l-
yj cnm ytjñøjl b vj cn b ? ≥
Ñkf uj c kjdtyysq jn dtx fk: ≤Ybnm ytjñøjl b vj cn b
g h jøjl b n x t h tp dct v b h s . Yj y t gjy z d i b q t ä
j cnf y tnc z d jg f c yjv eotk m t b y t pf o b o ä y y s v
jn rf v y t q ≥ .
Nfr yt vju Lt df l fn nf jnkbxbnm xthne ytjñøj-
l b vj cnb, b ãnf nmvf pf c kjy b kf genm tve.
2 5
B crfn tkm Ñe l l s
Jlby xbcnsq xtkjdtr øjntk ed b l fnm Ñel le, elt h-
å b dfz cdjä dybvfybt yf cfvsø hfp yjjñ h fp y s ø
g h tl vtnfø. Herb tuj yt ødfnfkb velhst jñ h fps,
b ukfpf tuj yt ghjy pfkb ghtl vtns gjx b nf y b z _
z dktybt yt ghbøjl b kj .
Y f rjytw, ghtrkjybdibcm d vjk b n dt, bcrfntk m
gjxezk, rfr yf kjñ tve cgecn b kfcm ybnm gfen b y s .
Jy jnñhjcbk tä, b hfpl fkcz xänrbq ujkjc: ≤Pfx tv
g h jujyztim here Vjç? Kex Vjq cktljdfk pf nj-
ñjç, gjp djkm jñyznm ntñz ≥ .
Njulf pf l h jåfk d xtkjdt rt cjk y txysq pvtq, b
yfiäk jy jn ñ h ji t y yeç ybnm. B d herfø tuj jy f
jñ h fn b kfcm d cjh jr åtv xeåby, b rfålfz yj c b kf
Kbr Ñells. Gj c h tlb ñsk rf vtym, b yf yäv yfl-
gbcm: ≤Jndf uf _ jn x f z y b t _ jnh f l f ≥ .
Gj c ktljdfntkm Ñells gjkexbk jnh f le, bñj pyfk
genb r ytq.
2 6
G jp y f d i b q
R dtk b rjve Gjp y f d i tve ghbiäk extybr, åt-
kfdibq xeltc _ ≤ gj c kt xelf edt heç ≥ .
Ex b ntkm gtx fk myj eks ñ yekcz b gjrfpfk tve
dtk b rjt xelj .
Extybr dj c rk b r yek: ≤Ntgthm z cjukf cty gjl
Ndjtq herjq ghjqnb cnegtyb Ex t y b z ! ≥
Yj Ex b ntkm gjrfpfk tve yf ldthm b crfpfk :
≤ Ntgthm ns Vyt ñjk mit yt yeåt y ≥ .
2 7
C g f ctybt xtk jdt rf
Ñkf uj c kjdtyysq cbltk yfl cnhezvb ukeñjrjuj
jpthf. D ukeñbyt vjå yj ñskj hfcc vjnh tnm wtks q
vbh hsñ b djljh j c kt q .
Ñkf uj c kjdtyysq pf vtnbk, rfr ãnjn vbhjr cøjlt y
c wfhcrbvb ldjhfvb. Tckb nelf jgecn b ncz xtkjdt r ,
jy cnegyäq cjr heibn dct ghbphfxyst xthnjub, yj
cfv pf ljø y ä ncz. Bp nfrbø ukeñby yt gjl s vf tnc z
leø xtkjdt rf .
≤ Dg h jx tv , _ eks ñ yekcz Ex b ntk m , _ yf dcä tcn m
c h tlcn dj. Vjå yj ghjñbnm crfke b dsgecn b n m
jpthj. Ekbnrb ljkåys ñelen bkb pf cjø yenm, bkb
yfqnb lheujt ceotcn djdfybt, yj xtkjdtr eåt yt
gju b ñ y tn ≥ .
Rjks ñtkm vkf lt y wf gjøjåf yf ljvbr ek b n r b .
L f q nt ltnzv djpleø. Lfqnt yt cnh tv ktybt r ghtl-
vtnfv hjlf cdjt uj, yj gecnm rfålsq htñ ä yjr
d s q ltn ghjnbd cjk y wf ñtp ødj cnf kjø vjn m t d !
2 8
G hbnxf j wfht Vfhfuj h f
Ñkf uj c kjdtyysq lfk ãne ghbnxe Yfhflt .
D kf l s rf Låfnfrb crfpfk cdjtve kçñ b vjve cj-
dtn y b re: ≤Pyftim kb ltkf wf hz Vf h f ujhf? Cks øfk
kb bvz tuj? B ep y fk kb lt q cndbz tuj ? ≥
Cjdtnybr juk z yekcz b ghji t g nfk: ≤Dkf l s rf, ãnj
pkjt bvz ytghjb p yj c b vj ecnfvb. Rfålsq vhfr
øhfybn cktl lt q cndbq tuj ≥ .
≤Lfç ntñt gjhextybt: cjñthb cnj dthysø kçlt q
b yfqlb yføjl x b dj cnm jñjqnb ptvkç Vf h f ujhf b
njx yj jgbib vyt dct jñsxfb tuj. Tckb åt dcnh t-
nbim cf vjuj wf hz, nj gthtlfq tve, xnj z yt ñjçc m
g h jb p yjcbnm tuj bvz≥.
G h ji kj ltcznm ktn. Djp d h f of tncz cjdtn y b r ,
evelhäyysq dbljv, yj gjkysq cveotybz. Eåt
yt cnj xtkjdtr, yj nsczxf cjg h jdjå l f tn tuj .
≤ D kf l s rf, vyjuj gjkjåt yj vyjç nhelf, b cnjb n
g t h tl njñjç nsczxf cdbltntktq, yj gjhextybt ndj ä
yt bcgjk y t yj. Ñtp cx ä nf jg h ji t yj kçltq, b vs
gjnt hzkb cxän ptvtkm ghjq ltyysø. Crf åe ntñt ,
2 9
dkf l s rf, cf vjt ytjñ s x yjt _ wfhm Vf h f ujhf yt
ceotcn detn, b ytn pksø jñsxftd tuj ≥ .
≤ Ljñ h j , _ crfpfk dkf l s rf ,_ vjåtim gjrk z cn m-
cz d ckjdfø ndjb ø ? ≥ _ ≤ Gt h tl njñjç nsczxf b jl y f
rk z n df ≥ .
≤ Njulf djp mvb cdbltntktq b jñjqlb dct gkjof l b
b øhfvs, b jñüzdb b yfgbib yf cnjkñfø nj, xnj
en dt hå l f t i m .
Csy vjq, ns bcgjkybk vjä gjhextybt. Ns nhe-
lfvb cdjbvb gjh fpbk pdt hz nmvs. Ghbphfr eåf cf
h f cct z kcz, b ybrnj yt ñjb ncz njuj, xnj pyfçn.
Vf h f ujh zdkty eåf cjv xtkjdtx tcn df b hfp hei t y
nhelfvb jn dfub b ghtl f y yj cnb. Ñelm vjbv csyjv ,
h fp hei b ntkm vhfrf ! ≥
3 0
Y f cnf dktybz ghfdbntkç
Hf l å f u hb ø b
Jlyfåls Ñkf uj c kjdtyysq gj ctnbk ghfdbntk z
Hf l åfuhbøb. Ghfdbntkm jñ h fnbk dybvfybt yf xb-
cnjne c djt uj g h b ä v yjuj gjrjz . Yj Ñkf uj c kjdt y-
y s q c rfpfk: ≤Gjrfåb kexit xbcnjne jgjx b dfk my b ,
ev s dfk myb b jx f uf. Ghbävysq gjrjq jcrdt h y ä y
v yjubvb ytlj cnjq y s v b , yj nf v , ult n djh b nc z cj-
p y f y b t n djä, nfv gecnm ñeltn xbcnj ≥ .
B crfpfk Ñkf uj c kjdtyysq: ≤Yeå yj hfpk b x fn m
gjy b vfçobø b cjukf i f ç o b øcz. Gjyzdibq Ex t-
ybt yt pf vtlkbn ghbvtybnm tuj r åbpyb. Cjukf-
cbdibqcz ñeltn rbdfnm ujkjdjq b ghtdjp yj c b n m
Extybt rfr pf vtx fntk myeç vel h j cnm, yj yt ghb-
vtybn ãne vel h j cnm d åbpyb.
Cjukf c b d i b øcz vyjuj, yj jyb, rfr ceøjq ktc ,
ñtc g kjlys b ñtp ntyb, njk mrj nktybt jå b l f tn bø.
Gjyzdibø vfkj, yj jyb, rfr ueñ rf, dgbnsdf çn
l h f ujwt y yjt pyfybt b ujnjds lhfujwt y yjq dkf ujq
jvsnm crdthys vbhf.
3 1
Gjyzdibq yt vjåtn yt ghbvtybnm Extybt, bñj ,
gjy b vfz wtktcjjñ h fp yj cnm, jy gjkex f tn tuj rf r
b cøjl åbpyb.
Yt nt hz q nt vyjuj dhtvtyb yf cjukf c b d i b øc z ,
gecnm cgthdf gjrf åen ghbvtytybt gthdjuj pjdf ≥ .
Nfr ghbgbcsdf çn Ñkf uj c kjdt y yjve wtktcjjñ h fp-
yjt jn yjitybt r ghbøjl z o b v .
3 2
P dtplf
X nj ãnj pf P dtpl f , rjnjh f z dtkf vf ujd ? Rjy tx-
yj , ãnj Erfp Ñhfncn df, xnjñ ghbdtncn djdfnm Bbcecf
b cjøhfybnm b gthtl fnm ñtl yjq ctvmt ytrjnjh s t
c h tlcn df .
Gj kbwe ptvkb, yt pyfz njx yjuj vtcnf, vs ikb.
Erfps Nt h f a b vf dtkb bpj lyz d ltym. Rjulf vs
c ks i fkb: ≤Ñk b p rj≥, bvt y yj njulf vs nt hzkb dc z-
rbt ghbpyfrb åbkmz .
Vjå yj kb jå b l fnm xelj ytc ks øf y yjuj Ghjdjp-
dtcnbz chtlb dt h ñk çå mbø jn ñ h j cjd b htdeo b ø
j c kjd? Vsiktybt xtkjdtx tc rjt gsnfkjcm gjvtc-
nbnm ñeleot uj Ghjh jrf øjnz ñs jrjkj øhfvf bkb
c h tlb dtk b x tcn dtyysø cnt y .
Vs gjkexbkb Erfp jcnf yjdbnmcz yf ñtl yjv
gj cnjz kjv ldjht. D ybprjv gjvt otybb, jñvfpf y-
yjv uk b yjç, vs jcnf yjdbkbcm yf yjxm. Rj cnäh
b vfkt y mrfz vfckzyfz kfvgf yfgjkyzkb rjv y fne
rhfcysv cdtnjv .
Gj c kt eåbyf vs pf vtnbkb, xnj ckeåf y rf ckb-
df tn jcnfnrb vjkjrf d jnltk myeç fvajhe. Crfpfk b
3 4
tq: ≤Yt ujl b ncz cjøhfyznm ãnj≥. Jyf åt crfpfkf :
≤ Yt lkz ntñz, uj c gjlby, yj lkz ñtl yjq åt y o b y s .
Pltcm pf cnt yjç åbdän gkjnybr, e ytuj ytl f d yj
h jl b kcz csy!≥
Gjneibd jujym, vs djpkjåbkb herb b cghj-
cbkb: ≤Relf yfv blnb lfk mit?≥ Ñskj crfpf yj :
≤ Ñk b åt ñk b p rjuj, ybåt ybprjuj, dsit dscituj ≥ .
Yt gjyzd cvsckf, vs ghjcbkb Erfpf. Yj ñskj
c rfpf yj njk mrj: ≤Gecnm eib cks i fn ≥ .
B cbltkb vs d ntv yjnt b d ñtpvjkdbb. B ec ks-
i fkb, rfr pfg kf rfk htñ ä yjr ult - nj pf cnt yjq. Vs
cnfkb pf vtx fnm yfg h f dktybt gkfxf b ec ks i fk b
vfnt h b y c reç gtct y re, rjnjheç vjå yj xfcnj ec ks-
i fnm d ljvt ptv kt g f i wf. Jyf pyfxbn: ≤Gecn m
k çlb cx b nf çn ntñz gføf h tv, yj z pyfç, csyjr,
x nj ns wfhm. Rnj åt, rhjvt ntñz, djp h f cnbn pt h yj
cf vjt nex yjt? Gjpjdän Dkf l s rf csyrf vjt uj b crf-
åtn: ¥ Njk mrj ndjä pt h yj er h f c b kj gbh Vjq. Czlm
cj Vyjç, wfhm kexibø pähty!¯≥.
Rjulf vs ec ks i fkb ãne gtct y re, nhb elfhf hfp-
l fkbcm d gjnjkjr. Vs crfpfkb: ≤Vs enh jv gjq l ä v
nel f ≥ .
3 5
Gt h tl hfcc dtnjv vs jltkb kexibt jltåls b
ghjcbkb ckeåf y re ghjdtcnb yfc gj yfg h f dkt y b ç
g kfxf. Jyf crfpfkf: ≤Uj c gjlby øjx tn gj ctn b n m
ctv mç gkjn y b rf, kexit z ghjdtle dfc rheujv, gj-
njve xnj pltcm yflj ghjqnb xthtp pf ujy crjnf ≥ .
Gjvyz Erfp, vs bpñ h fkb rhfnrbq gen m .
D jn pf z c k z v b vfkt y mrjt å b k b ot , g h b c kjy ä y-
yjt r crfkt. Djn e jx f uf åtyobyf b yf herfø Jy!
Rfrbt åt ñskb pyfrb ghb ãnjv? Jy ghjnz yek
r yfv hex re, b yf kf ljyb ñsk rhfcysq pyfr. Yf
ãnjn pyfr vs gjkjåbkb kex i eç åtv xeå b ye bp
g h b dtpäyysø yfvb.
Gt h tlfd wt y yj cnb b cdz otyyst ghtl vtns, vs
g h tleg h tlbkb vfnm j ytjñøjl b vj cnb cnh f y cn d b q .
B ytvtl kt y yj jnghfdbkbcm jñ h fn yj, dsqlz xthtp
njn åt pf ujy crjnf .
Gjpflb vfnm crfpfkf: ≤Dblbim, csyjr, ns wf h m .
à njn fk vfp gj cnfdm yf kjñ rjyz cdjt uj ≥ .
Vs eikb, gjvyz pyfr rhfcyjq pdtpls yf
kf ljy b .
Njulf åt ñskj crfpf yj gjvybnm dhtvz rhfcyjq
p dtpls yf kñe djb y f .
3 6
Ø jå ltybt Øhb cnf
Nfr yfxyäv jg b cfybt Tuj åbpyb, xnjñs ytbpdhf-
o ä y yjt ckjdj ñskj pfg b cf yj yf ptv kt .
Nh b l wfnm ktn øjlbk Jy, gjdnjhzz xnjñ jnl fn m
ntv, rnj yt ghbvtn. Extybt Ñells, Pjh jf cnhf b
cnfhst crfpfybz Dtl ep y f dfk Jy yf crhtot y b z ø
gent q .
Edblz xbcnst ukfpf, Jy cghfibdfk: xnj pyftnt
j Ñjut ?
Xt h tp gthtdjp htr gjl å b l fk Jy gen y b rjd, cghf-
i b dfk: yt ns kb ytcäim lkz Vtyz? Bñj ljk åt y
ñ sk ptvysvb yjufvb ghjqnb b xtkjdtx tc r b v b
c kjdfvb cghjcbnm.
Rjulf Tve ujdjhbkb j pyfrfø pdäpl, Jy øjntk
p y fnm htitybt, yj fpñerf Tuj yt ghbdkt rfkf. ≤Yt
ntv kçlb åbden. Rfr vjue ghtrhfnbnm ueñ b ntk m-
yeç ñehç? Rfr vjue jnrhsnm ytñj kçl z v ?
Gjx tve jyb jnjh dfys jn Ñsnbz dtx yjuj, rj-
njh jve ghbyflktåfn ? ≥
3 7
Nf rjt Extybt ceo yj cnb pfnvt dfkj vf u b x tc r b t
ghbävs. Bñj dvtcnj gjrjhtybz vfksø leøjd ghb-
h jls, Jy vtxjv leøf cdjt uj hfp heñfk dct ght-
g z ncndbz. Extybt Tuj ecnh tv k z kj kçltq r djp-
vjå yj cnzv leøf. Gjnjve djk ø djd yt ñskj jrjkj
Yt uj, yj kbim gj pdäplfv pyfkb j Yä v .
Vs pyfkb vyjujt, Jy åt vju dcä. Gj c keå b n m
T uj Extybç htibkb vs njul f .
3 8
G hb øjl Øhb cnf
Y f lj gjv y b n m lt y m rjy wf cf vjuj ñtp h f lj cn-
yjuj ghbyji t y b z Ø h b cnf, rjnjhsq njk mrj lfdfk ,
yt ghbyzd ybxtuj. Ãnf htibvj cnm c hfyybø ktn
g h jdtkf Tuj xthtp hfcgfk ä y yeç gecnsyç, b yju b
T uj ujh tkb nfr åt, rfr e ghjcnjuj gjujy o b rf .
Vs ålfkb Tuj, yj, rfr ñsdf tn dct ulf, vbyenf
T uj ghbøjlf ñskf ytjåblfyyf. Vyt gjl dtkb rjy z ,
b cjñ b h fkcz z ghjcnbnmcz c ctvmäq, rjulf ckeuf
pf vtnbk jñjh df y yjuj gen y b rf. Tuj lkbyyjt kbwj
ñ skj ñktl yj b djkjcs ñskb cgeotys ep r b v b
g hzlzvb ybåt gktx. B njk mrj cthsq øjkcn gjr h s-
dfk Tuj ntkj. Lfåt nsrds lkz gbnmz z yt pf vtn b k .
Yj åtyf gthdfz gji kf Tve yfdcnh txe, b rjul f
gj c kt z cghjcbk, gjx tve jyf ecnh tv b kfcm, jyf crf-
pfkf: ≤Rfr pdtplf pf ujh tkfcm d vjtq uhelb, b åf h
lj ñjkb ñhspyek åbkrfvb jn ytä≥. Bñj øjl b k
d s cjrj genybr, rjulf gjljiäk r ifnhe. B z gjy z k ,
Rnj ghbiäk.
Gj c kt gecnsyb ghbyzk Jy kbim vf b cjdsq øktñ
b xfie djls. B cghjcbk rjh jn rj: ≤Rjulf gjq l ä v ? ≥
3 9
Z jn dtnbk: ≤Rjulf Pdtplf gjp djkbn≥. B vs
å l fkb pyfrf Pdtpls, b vjkx fk Jy, njk mrj ujdjhz :
≤ Rjulf?≥ B yfñk çlfz pdäpls, z crfpfk: ≤D hsñf ø
r h jdm≥. Jy njk mrj rbdyek ujkjdjq .
Nfr ålfkb vs nhb ujlf rfålsq ltym, b cdtn
P dtpls yfl yfvb cbzk.
Vyt gjv y b ncz, Jy ujdjhbk jxtym vfkj j dblt-
ybb Cdtnf, rjulf vfkt y mrbq Vfk mxbr ghbyäc Tve
vtx, b rfr Cdtn hfleujq kbkcz gthtl Ybv b ñtp-
p dex yj ujkjc gj c skfk Tuj blnb.
Vyt nf r åt erfpf yj ñskj ghjdjlbnm Tuj, relf z
cfv yt vju toä djq n b .
Yf ñtkjv dt h ñk çlt dstøfkb vs yjx mç b yjx-
ysvb gthtøjlfvb ljikb lj Kf øjhf, ult yfikb
rfpfkjcm ålfdituj yfc gj c ktljdfntkz Ñel l s .
Y b rjulf yt dbltk nf rjq htibvj cnb, bñj ñskb
d genb nhb ujlf. B nhb ujlf ghjñ sk Jy nfv, rel f
z yt vju djq n b .
Vs ålfkb Tuj b ghjdtkb lj Bjhlfyf. Nfr åt
ñtksq øjkcn gjr h s dfk Tuj, b nfr åt jl b yjrj
gjiäk Jy gjl enhtyybv cjk y wtv. Yfl Ybv ñskf
h f leuf .
4 0
Pyfrb Øhb cnf
P dtplf Fkkf øf ñflf erfpfkf genm. B nfr vs
gj ctnbkb Cf h y fnø b Ufç. Dtplt yfikb gjyji t y b t
h tkbubq. Yf jñ h fn yjv genb, d gjk yjkeybt, ghj-
b pji kj gfvznyjt bphtxtybt Øhbcnf .
Dj dhtvz yjx yjuj gthtøjlf ghjdjlybr gjnt hz k
genm. Z yfiäk, gj c kt gjb c rjd, Øhbcnf, cblzot uj yf
g tcx f yjv øjk vt b cvjnhz ot uj yf gtcrb, pfk b n s t
keyjç .
Z crfpfk: ≤Vs gjnt hzkb genm, yflj ljå l fn m c z
p d ä pl yjuj gjkjåt y b z ≥ .
≤ Hf cek V., xnj yfv genm, rjulf dcz ptvkz ålän
y f c ! ≥
Dpzd ñf vñerjdeç nh j cnm, Jy jx t hnbk rdf l h fn
djr heu jn g tx fn rf Tuj cktlf, ghbñfdbd: ≤Bcn b y yj
ujdjh ç _ yjujç xtkjdtx tc rjç ≥ .
Gjnjv, jn g tx fnfd kf ljym, nf r åt pf rk çxbk tä
d rdf l h fn. ≤Bcn b y yj, herjç xtkjdtx tc rjç ≥ .
Vtå le rdf l h fnfvb Jy yfx t hnbk gjljñbt rj-
kjyys b gjr h sk rfr ñs gjkecat h jq .
4 1
Jy ujdjhbk: ≤J, rfr Fev ghjy b r y tn d cjp y f y b t
x tkjdtx tc rjt! Djn Z cltkfk gtcnbr b yfl ybv leue,
b pfkjåbk jcyjdfybt yf xtnsht cnjh jys. Rjul f
yjufvb xtkjdtx tcrbvb b herfvb xtkjdtx tc r b v b
ñeltn gj cnh jty Øhfv, ult ghjw dtnän pfkjåt y y s q
v yjç gtcnbr, gecnm Vjbv genäv ghjq len cnh jb-
ntkb. Gjx tve åläv genb, rjulf jy gthtl yfvb?≥
B dcnfd, nh j cn mç cvt i fk yfx t hnf y yjt .
≤ Rjul f b v z Ø h f vf g h jb p y tct yj ñeltn, njul f
d s cnegbn yfx t hnfybt. Pfgjvybd Vjä cjp dtpl b t ,
r df l h fn b lt dznm pdäpl pf c b z çn yfl Øhfvjv. Pyfr
cnegyb b herb ñeltn yfx t hnfy yfl rf v y tv rhft-
eujk my s v ≥ . _ Nfr ãnj Cfv crfpfk yfrf yeyt yjdj-
key b z .
Åfh gecnsyb ñsk dtk b r .
4 2
Hf ccrfp Vfhbb Vfulfkb y s
Ds pyftnt vjq jñ h fp åbpyb, rjulf gj yjxfv yfc
p y fkb b lyäv jn djh fx b dfkbcm. Nf r åt b r Øhbcne
gj yjxfv øjlbkb, f lyäv kbwj jn d h f ofkb. Vyt
gjlevfkjcm: djn z cf vfz ybprfz b vtyz cn s l z nc z
ghb cjk y wt, yj cf vjuj dscjrjuj Ghjh jrf nf r åt
lyäv bpñt uf çn. Nfr cf vjt ybprjt b cf vjt dscjrjt
jl b y f rjdj bpñt uf çnc z .
B djn htibkf z yfqnb Tuj b lyäv ghjnz yen m
T ve here. Jltkf cdjq kexibq øbvfn b jåt h tkmt
b p C v b h y s b y f lei b kf djkj c s _ nf r gji kf , x nj-
ñs crfpfnm yfhjle: ≤Ghb cdtnt cjk y wf bpñt uf tv s t
njñjç ybprjt b dscjrjt dcnh tx f çnc z ≥ .
B rjulf ed b ltkf Tuj, cblzot uj gj c h tlb hsñf rjd ,
njk mrj øjkcn b yjq gjr h s njuj, jcnfkfcm xthtp ek b we
b gjljqnb yt vjukf. Vtå le yfvb ghjøjlbkb kçl b ,
jl b y f rjdj bpñt ufz yfc.
Nfr ñskf htityf vjz åbpym, bñj Jy crfpfk
ex t y b re cf vjve kçñ b vjve: ≤Djp mvb ot gjnm gskb
b jn y tcb ãnjq åtyobyt, xnjñs ñskj yf xnj ghj-
vtyznm tä jåt h tkmt. Djb cn b ye, d ãnjq pjkt ñjk mi t
4 3
c dtnf, ytåtkb d tä rfvyzø. Bñj bp pjks vjue
cjpl fnm rf vtym, yj bp rf v y z _ njk mrj gsk m ≥ .
J cnfk myjt ds eåt pyftnt, bñj Jy yt jcel b k
vtyz, yj kbim dp dtcbk vjb wtgb, b wtgb gjpjh f
h fpktntkbcm gsk mç .
G h j cnj htifk Jy, ybrjulf yt pfnhel y z kc z
gj c kfnm cfvsq ghjcnjq ghtl vtn, htifdibq dc ç
åbpym. Lj ãnbø gj c skjr Jy ljnh f u b dfkcz, rfr ñs
jleøjn djhzz bø.
G enm Tuj ñsk gecn, bñj yfhjl, gjkexbd jn Yt uj
lfh, gj c g t i yj hfpñt ufkcz. B åtkfk Jy djpkjå b n m
herb, b gecnj ñskj .
A ehbb chfvf ytckbcm pf Ybv b ghbndjh yj
vf øfkb dtn dzvb, rjulf Jy eåt ñsk jceåläy. Wt y f
h fpñjq y b rf zdbkfcm lj cnjq yjq njk g s .
Hfpñbk wtgb djb cn b ye, bñj lfk pyfybt, yt ghb-
yzd vpl s .
4 4
Ry b å y b r b
Eåt dtxth yfcnfk. Øhbcnjc cbltk yf gjh jut .
G h jøjlbk rybåybr b cghjcbk: ≤Gjx tve cblbim
yf ghjøjåtv vtcnt ? ≥
J n dtx fk Øhbcnjc: ≤Bñj Z gjh ju r leøe. Tckb
øjxtim ghjqnb, ghjqlb xthtp Vt y z ≥ .
Yjdsq rybåybr cghjcbk: ≤Ghfdlf kb, xnj csy
Lfdblf cblbn yf gcbyjv vtcnt ? ≥
Ø h b cnjc jn dtx fk: ≤Bcn b y yj, gjyjcbim Lfdblf,
J n wf Vjt uj ≥ .
C nfkj ntv yj, b nh tnbq rybåybr cghjcbk: ≤Xnj
cblbim, njx yj ñjbimcz ljvf cdjt uj ? ≥
J n dtx fk Øhbcnjc: ≤Åle, xnjñ nmvf yjxyfz jcdj-
ñjl b kf Vtyz jn kbwf ndjt uj. Bcn b y yj, nmvf dj
n mve eq l ä n ! ≥
Gjnjv dcnfk b erfpfk yf ujhe Vjhbf, ult cnjz k
Øhfv. ≤Vjq Ltl cjpl fk rf vtyysq Øhfv, yj cblbn
gjl øjkcn b yjç ifnh f ≥ .
C rfpfk rybåybr: ≤Ñtpevtw, Cjkjvjyf åbdsv
gjx b nf tn ≥ .
4 5
B gjikb d ytp y f y b b .
Gj c kt dsikf Vfhbz bp ljvf b, ed b ltd Øhbcnf ,
c rfpfkf: ≤Hfpltkb, Ex b ntkm, dtxthç yfie≥ .
Ø h b cnjc jn dtnbk: ≤Lfh ct hl wf cbztn dj nmvt ≥ .
4 6
D j g h jcs Cbytl hb j y f
C g h f i b dfk Øhbcnf xkty Cbytl h bjyf: ≤Gji ä k
ñs ns r yfv, tckb gjpjd ä v ? ≥
Ø h b cnjc jn dtx fk: ≤Kexit gjq le yf rkf l ñ b ot ,
b ñj nfv ytn kåb≥.
G h jljk åfk xkty Cbytl h bjyf: ≤Gjx tve yt ghb-
pyfäim yfc, tckb lfåt jn wf ndjt uj ñhfrj cjx tnfk
yfi xkt y ? ≥
≤ Gjljå l b nt, gjrf hfp dfk b ncz ljv dfi, njul f
Vs ghbläv≥.
≤ P fx tv ghblänt, hfp hei fnm bkb ckjå b n m ? ≥
≤ Yt hfp heitybt b yt ckjåtybt, yj jx b ot y b t ,
b ñj yt jñ h f oecm r cnf h jve gtgtk b oe≥ .
≤ Rfr åt ns, yt edf åftim ghfjn wtd cdjb ø ? ! ≥
≤ Yjdst cj cels gjl f çn yf gbh. Edf åfz ltlf,
yt gmçn bp tuj xfib≥.
4 7
Ukfp f _ j n r h s nst hfys
Gjrfpfkb Øhbcne bpjñ h f åtybt lfk mytq cnh f y s .
Yf kf ljyzø b yf cnegyzø ñskj dblyj bpjñ h f åt y b t
h f c r h s njuj ukfpf .
Cghjcbkb: ≤Cet dthbt kb ãnj? Vjå yj kb dbltn m
herjq bkb cneg y ä q ? ≥
Ex b ntkm crfpfk: ≤Bcn b y yj, yfex f tvcz dbltn m
herjç b yjujç. Ñeltn kb pyfnm ceo yj cnm yt-
ldbåysq? Rfr ckjå b ncz eñtå ltybt yfit, tckb yt
g h b kjåbv herb? Leø yfi yf ptv kt gthtyj c b nc z
cneg y z v b ≥ .
Ex b ntk m ljñf d b k : ≤ Vel h s t k çl b l fk b ãnj b pjñ h f-
åtybt, xnjñs yfgjvybnm j ceo yj cnb dt ot q ≥ .
B toä ljñfdbk: ≤Yt gjøjåb kb ãnb ukfpf yf jn-
rhsnst hfys? Bcn b y yj, bcn b y yj, xthtp jn r h s n s t
hfys ghbøjlbn Cdtn ! ≥
4 8
V fnthm Vbhf
Vfnthm Vbhf crhsdf tn Bvz Cdjä. Vfnthm Vbhf
pf r h s df tn Kbr Cdjq .
Vfnthm jñ ofz Dkf l s rf v _ yt cbvdjk, yj Dt-
k b rjt zdktybt Åt y c rjuj Yfx fkf, ghtlcnf dk z ç ot uj
leøjd yeç Vfnthm Øhbcnf b Ñells. Nf, rjnjh f z
ex b kf b herjgjkjå b kf Bø yf gjl d b u.
C lfdybø gjh Vfnthm Vbhf gj c skf tn yf gjl d b u.
Gj bcnjhbb xtkjdtx tcn df Tä Herf ghjdjlbn ythfp-
h s d yeç ybnm.
Ghb Cbyft ujkjc Tä pdex fk. Jñhfp Rfkb ñsk
g h b y b vf tv, jcyjdf Bcbls, Binf h .
Gj c kt Fnkfynbls, rjulf Kçwbath yfyäc el f h
rek mne Leøf, Vfnthm Vbhf yfx fkf yjdeç ybnm.
Gj c kt Fnkfynbls Vfnthm Vbhf cjr h skf Kbr
C djq b pfg h tn b kf ghjb p yjcbnm Bvz, gjrf yt ghj-
ñmän xfc cdtn b k .
5 0
Cbzybt Vfn t hb Vbhf
K b kjdfz Fehf Vfnthb Vbhf cdtnbn yfv. Rnj yt
g h t rkjy b ncz? Rnj lt hpyän yf Yt ä ?
C h tlb ceåläyysø cjr h jdbo øhfyzncz Tä cdtn-
kst erhfitybz. Extybt j Ytq ujhbn abjktnjd s v
kjnj cjv .
G ecnm ñjkm wt y nh jd cjk y tx yjuj cgktntybz ñeltn
c dz pfyf c Tä lyzvb.
G ecnm yjdst rjk mwf pvbz hfcgktnf çncz d Tä
d h tvz. Gecnm nheñs djpleøf pdex fn d Yfx fkj Tä.
Vfnthm Vbhf, gecnsyç ghjqlb, bñj wdtns pf
Njñjç. Vfnthm Vbhf, yf ujhe dp ukzyb, bñj cdt-
nz ncz ujhs juyäv Ndjb v !
Eikb ytyfdbcnyst kçlb, gjl s vf çncz jhl s .
Yjdst xeltcf, yjdst yj c b ntkb, b heitybt cnt y
gjr h s nj ukf cjv: ≤Vfnthm blän!≥
≤ Vfnthm Ñells, Vfnthm Øhbcnf, ecnh tvb Csyj-
dtq Ndjb ø !
Tckb lfåt crfkf gflän yf vtyz, ñele pyfn m _ jn
I f ujd Ndjb ø ! ≥
Nfr yfgjkybv ghjcnh f y cn dj .
5 1
G hb rfp
B gjdt hø dctø ckjdtcysø ghbrfpjd pdex b n
G h b rfp Ñtpvjkdysq, Dct g h jy b rfçobq, Ytjnvt y-
ysq, Ytltkbvsq, Ytjn dt h uf tvsq, Jckt g b ntk my s q ,
Otlhsq, Ytjg b cetvsq, Yt gjdnjhz tvsq, Yt gjd h t-
åläyysq, Yt b p h txtyysq, Ñtp d h tvtyysq, Ytjn-
kjåysq, Pfåbufçobq, zdktyysq d Vjk y b b .
D jn ldf Ghbrfpf _ yf rjy wfø Vbhf Dkf l s r b
Ø h b cnjc b Ñellf. B ckjdj Bø rfr vtx cdt h rf ç o b q ,
yj gjdt hø Bø uhjvf zdkty Ghbrfp Ñtpvjk d y s q .
Gjdt hø Bø gjrhsdifz Kbr Cdjq, cjn rf d i f z
g hz åe lfk mybø vbhjd, Gj c kf y y b wf Ytc rfpf y yjuj ,
Gjdtk b ntk my b wf Ytekjd b vjuj, Lfntk my b wf Yt gj-
dnjh t y yjuj !
Ndjbv Ghbrfpjv jrtfy pf vjk rf tn b dbøhb xthn s
ytdblbvsø pyfrjd yfyj c z n.
B Jyf, Kbr cjrhsdifz, dcnf y tn yf cnh f åt Jl y f
d cbzybb pyfrjd .
B ybrnj yt dpjqlän yf Dthibye, ybrnj yt ed b-
lbn cbzybt Ljlt rfãlhf, pyfrf Tä Vjo b .
5 2
Bp cgbhfkb Cdtnf pyfr cjn rfkf Cf vf d vjkx f-
ybb. Jyf, Djl b ntk my b wf bleobø yf gjl d b u !
Xtn s h t eukf _ p y f r En dt hå lt y b z z dkt y T ç d y f-
gencndbt htibdibvc z .
5 3
Buhf Vfn t hb Vbhf
Rf rfz dtk b rfz buhf Vfnthb Vbhf! Jyf gjlp s-
df tn ltntq jn lfk my t uj gjk z .
≤ C g t i b nt, ltnb, øjxe yfexbnm dfc. E Vtyz ghb-
ujnjdktys lkz dfc pjhrbt ukfpf b jnrhsnst ei b .
G h b c z l mnt yf Vjä gjr h s dfkj, ñeltv ex b n m c z
ktnfn m ! ≥
5 4
Juytyysq obn
Erfpfkf Vfnthm Vbhf: ≤Cjñt h b ntcm dtnhs, cjñt-
h b ntcm cytuf, yt zdk z q ntcm gnbws b yt gjl øjl b nt
p dt h b .
Yt en dt hl b ncz yjuf xtkjdtx tc rfz yf Vjt q
Dthibyt. Yt en dt hl b ncz jcyjdf lt hpfybz nävyjuj .
Yt elt hå b ncz cdtn vtc z wf, yj kex cjk y wf lj-
cn b u y tn Dthibys.
Cjøhfyb, cjk y wt, Dthibye Vjç, bñj ult dcnf ye
yf cnh f åt ?
Y b rjulf yt dpjqlän pdthm b yt elt hå b ncz cbkf
x tkjdtx tc rf z ≥ .
Cf vf Vfnthm Ceot uj c juytyysv obnjv cnf y tn
yf cnh f åt .
X nj ñktcnbn yf Dthibyt? Xtve dbøhb ckjå b k b
dtytw cbzçobq?
Jyf, Dtk b rfz Vfnthm, jlyf gjl y z kfcm yf Dth-
i b ye.
B ybrnj yt dpjqlän pf Yt ç .
5 5
G kfvtyysq gkfn
Yf cf vjq dscjrjq ujht cbztn Vfnthm Vbhf.
Jyf nmve gjh fpbnm dsikf .
Gjx tve eg f l f çn dhfub b relf c jn x f z y b tv jñ h f-
of çn ukfpf ?
Jyf jltkf gkf vtyysq gkfn b jr heå b kfcm cnt yjç
ju y z .
Jyf yfif rhtgj cnm b ecnh tv kt y b t !
5 6
G jct otybt Fgjk k j y b tv
Nb f y crbv ct dthf Bylbb
Cjøhfybdibqcz hfcc rfp j tuj åbpyb cjlt hå b n
gjdtcn djdfybt j gj ct otybb bv ct dthf Bylbb.
L f ä ncz gjl h jñ yjt jg b cfybt ujh jljd, vtcn b åb-
ntktq, yj cjdt h i t y yj egeoty dyenhtyybq cvsck
t uj gjtplrb. Ghfdlf, Fgjk kjybq Nbfycrbq ñsk
b p dtcnty rfr kçñ b ntkm cnh f y cn djdfybq, yj ãnj
g kjøj jñü z c y z tn tuj gjtpl re.
Toä ñelexb vjkjlsv xtkjdt rjv, jy cks i fk jn
jl yjuj wt y b ntkz b cjñ b h fntkz ytjñ s r yjdt y y s ø
b cnjhbq j ceotcn djdfybb Jñbntkb Ñhfncn df. Njul f
jy vfkj jñ h fn b k d y b vf y b z , yj cj d h tvt y tv , rj-
ul f tve ghbikjcm vyjujt ep y fnm b vyjuj ed b ltn m ,
jy dc gjvybk b d nfqyt leøf htibk gj ctnbnm ct dt h
B y l b b .
E ytuj ñsk lheu, ñjk mijq exäysq b ghbyzdibq
v yjubt cntgtyb gj c dz otybz; r ytve jñ h fn b kc z
F gjk kjybq pf cjdtnjv. Cnfhtw pf levfkcz b jñt ofk
ep y fn m .
5 8
B djn xthtp ujl ghbiäk jn dtn. Cnfhtw jñ h fn b kc z
r Fgjk kjybç: ≤Lheu vjq, djb cn b ye cx f cnmt c nj-
ñjç. Vyt gbien, ns vjåtim cjñ b h fnmcz d gen m .
D Rfivbht ns dcnh tnbim jl yjuj vjt uj lheuf _
cx b nfç, jy vjåtn lfnm ntñt ytjñøjlbvst erfpf-
ybz. Bnfr, cjñbhfqcz d gen m ≥ .
G enm Fgjk kjybz ñsk ljkju. Yf genb dcnh tx f-
kbcm hfpyst kçlb. Jlby bp dcnh txysø, rfr ñs
jn uf l s dfz yfvthtybt Fgjk kjybz, crfpfk: ≤Vjue
ñsnm ntñt gjktpysv. Kbwj, r rjnjh jve yfg h f dk z-
timcz, vyt pyfrjvj. Ghjie ntñz dj c gjk m pjdfn m c z
vjbv ljvjv, rjulf lj cnbuytim lhtdytq Uf y l øf-
hs≥. B dcnh txysq gjl fk Fgjk kjybç øhfybkmy b we
l f h jd. Fgjk kjybq nfr b yt ep y fk bvtyb ytp y f-
rjv wf .
Lj cn b u yed Nf rc b ks, Fgjk kjybq yfiäk ljv yt-
p y f rjv wf b, gjljqlz r ldthb, elfhbk vjkjnjv .
L dthm jn r h skfcm, b vjkjljq bylec ghbukf c b k
F gjk kjybz djqnb. Nen njk mrj Fgjk kjybq dc gjv-
ybk, xnj yt pyftn bvtyb dkf ltk mwf ljvf. Ghbdhfn-
ybr, dblbvj, ålfk. Fgjk kjybq, xnjñs jñü z c y b n m
c djq ghbøjl, gjrfpfk øhfybkmy b we lfhjd. Ghb-
d h fnybr cltkfk pyfr herjq b ghjdäk Fgjk kjybz
d rjv y fne, ult cnjzk cnjk b ldf rhtc kf .
5 9
Xt h tp ytrjnjh jt dhtvz ldthm jn r h skfcm b d rj-
v y fne djiäk dscjrbq xtkjdtr. Yf yäv ñsk rf a-
nfy b pyfrb lj cnjb y cn df rjy yjuj yfx fk my b rf .
Yjdjg h b i tlibq yfp dfkcz ñhfnjv ytp y f rjv wf b,
rfr ñs pyfz, pfx tv ghbiäk Fgjk kjybq, crfpfk :
≤ Vjb kçlb pf dnhf ghjdjlzn ntñz ≥ .
Y fenhj Fgjk kjybq ed b ltk yf ldjht ytc rjk mrj
djb yjd b rjytq. Nh jyekbcm d genm b cgtiyj lj-
tøfkb lj Ct dthysø ujh .
Pltcm djbys jcnfdbkb Fgjk kjy b z .
6 0
Eøjl Fgjkkjybz Nb f y crj uj
D åbpytjg b cfybb Fgjk kjybz bp Nbfys bcrf-
åt yj ckjdj jñ eøjlt tuj. Yj bvttncz cdbltntk m cn dj
ex t y b rf Rfk k b r h fnf j gj c ktl y tv øjå ltybb Ex b-
ntk z .
F gjk kjybq yfx fk cks i fnm ujkj cf, pjdeobt tuj
jgznm r ntv ñt h t ufv, ult jy eåt gjñ s dfk c gjk m-
pjç lkz leøf. Dpzd c cjñjç ex t y b rf Rfk k b r h fnf ,
Ex b ntkm, yt ujdjhz j wtkb cdjt uj genb, ytvtl kt y yj
jn g ksk .
Rjulf åt ghbñskb r gtotht, ult Dtkbrbq Ex b-
ntkm lfdfk gj c dz otybt Fhøfnfv, yfdcnh txe bv
d s i tk dscjrbq Cnfhtw b ljk uj ñtctljdfk c Fgjk-
kjy b tv. Rfk k b r h fn ec ks i fk kbim gj c ktlybt ckjdf
C nf h wf: ≤Tckb ns htibk ghbyznm xfie Fgjkjutnf
Extybz, nj yt vtl k b ≥ .
F gjk kjybq, rjulf Cnfhtw crhskcz d ukeñ b y t
g t oths, erfpfk Rfk k b r h fne cgtiyj cjñ h fnm lj-
cnfnjx yjt rjk b x tcn dj ñkf ujdjyysø lthtdmtd b
c kjåbnm d gtotht gjljñbt dscjrjuj kjåf. Nf r åt
erfpfk, rjulf Rfk k b r h fn ec ksibn ujkjc gjl cdjljv
6 1
g t oths, pf åtxm, yt juk z l s dfzcm, lt h t dj, b vjåtn
cgtibnm r ñt h t ufv Uhtwbb, pfñsd j ghjb c i tl i tv .
P fntv Ex b ntkm gju hep b kcz rfr ñs d cjy .
Rfk k b r h fn cbltk ytgjl d b å yj, gjl lt hå b df z
jujym lj ukeñjrjq yjxb, rjulf dscjrj gjl cdjljv
h fpl fkcz ytjñ s x yj pdexysq ujkjc Ex b ntkz: ≤Bnf r ,
z yt evth, yj ble ghbyznm xfie Fgjkjutnf ≥ .
Njulf Rfk k b r h fn bcgjkybk dcä erfpf y yjt b pf dt-
ofk gjkjåbnm cdbltntk m cn dj c cjñjç d uhjñ y b we.
6 2
G h jdjpdtcnbt Dkf l s x b w s
G h b i kj dhtvz erfpfnm ukf d yjt j cbzçotv
d b ltybb Dkflsxbws. Yteåtkb dtk b rjt ghtlerf-
pf y yjt dbltybt ñskj vjkx fk b dj? Yteåtkb gjnhz-
ctybt leøf b ctlbyf djkjc yt ñskb cktlcn d b tv
G h jdjp dtcn b z ?
D kf l s x b wf crfpfkf: ≤Ghblän dhtvz Vjä, rjul f
y tñtc yjt c dtn b kj Vj ä r P tv kt ecnh tv b nc z , b nj-
ulf ghbläim ns bcgjkybnm djkç chjrjd .
B ytyfdbcnyst ñelen cgfcbntkzvb, b gjñtå l ä y-
ysq ñeltn dtcnb gjñtlbdibø. B nhb rjhyz, hfp-
ltkäyyst ghjrk z n b tv, chfcnencz kçñjd mç, b dtcn b
bø ñeltn Gj c kfyysq yt bp bø gktvtyb. Lj chjrf
g h jrk z yen nfnfh b tdhttd, b jyb ghjrk z yen ptv k ç
H ecc reç .
Rjulf åt ndjb rj cnb ñelen ghtlfys ey b x njåt-
ybç, nhäv ghjrkznbzv bcgjk y b ncz chjr. B ytdb-
l b vj dblbvsq cnfytim e ghtcnjkf, jñktx ä y y s q
D t y wfvb b Gt h cn y tv .
B ult ghbkjåbim Gt h cntym, nfv ñeltn Herf Vjz
b Dkf l s r ≥ .
6 4
Y f cnf dktybz Ct h u b z
≤ B åt ec g ttn ec ks i fnm cdjt uj leøf ujkjc, yfl
ñtpl yjç djp y tc ä ncz≥. Nfr ujdjhbk Ct h u b q .
≤B ei tlibq d ktcf yt cvjåtn cks i fnm htx m
k çlc reç. B yf kjåt ec yedibq yt ec ksibn gnb-
xtr, cjk y wf djp dtcn y b rjd. B xele zdkt y yjve vjk-
xfobq jn rf åtncz jn ukfpf. B vjkxfobq yf ñhfne
gjvjom pf yjpe bp yjub cdjtq yt dsytn≥. Nfr ujdj-
hbk Ct h u b q .
R Cthubç ghbiäk Cdz n b ntkm Fkt rcbq c djg h j-
cjv: xnj ltkfn m ?
Cthubq jn dtnbk: ≤Gjvjub ptv kt Hecc rjq ≥ .
Rjulf Cthubz cghjcbkb rhtcn mzyt: xnj ltkfn m ?_
jy jn dtnbk: ≤Gjvju b nt ptv kt Hecc rjq ≥ .
Rjulf Vbyby jñ h fn b kcz r Cthubç, njulf ghbiäk
jn dtn: ≤Gjvjub ptv kt Hecc rjq ! ≥
6 5
Nhels Ct h u b z
D jn eåt ñjh jlf ctlfz. Djn eåt Leø Gkf vt y y s q
d cj c keåtybb. Djn eåt ryzpm gjrkjy b kcz, yj cnjb n
djpe c øktñjv pfgjpl fn m _ b ñhfnbz djpk çñkt y-
yfz yt dthbn yb yf xfc.
C njbn dhtvt y yj jcreltnm rji tk ç _ b ñhfn b z
lj cnjqyfz b bpñhfyyfz ujnjdf ghjvtyznm xeltc-
yeç Ñkf ujl fnm yf xeåjq uhji. Toä crf åen: ≤Xnj -
nj Eujlybrb ndjb jcreltk b ≥ .
B lyäv, b yjx mç yeåyf yt Ñkf ujl fnm, f ñkf uj-
lt y cndbt ntkf .
Ujdjhbkb j Cthubb, xnj buevty xfcnj ukeøjç
yjx mç jñøjlbk rtk mb, b, yføjlz cgzobø, jy iäk
l fk mit, yt nh t djåf .
Vjåtn ñsnm, jy yflt z kcz yfqnb ñjl h cn deç ot uj .
6 6
G h tl d b ltybt Ct h u b z
Nf r åt Cthubq ujdjhbk byjulf j Ñtkjq Ujht,
yj ybrjulf yt erfp s dfk vtcnj tä.
Rjulf rnj - nj cnex fkcz ytjå b l f y yj, ñhfnbz ujdj-
h b kf: ≤Yt buevty kb?≥
Cthubq ujdjhbk: ≤Yf Ñtkjq Ujht åbden hfp y s t
n dfhb. Rjulf bv yeå yj, j ldeø ujkjdfø b j gznb
yjufø. Yf yfibø ytgjøjåb. Cfyb nfv ñtp rjytq
b lkz crjh j cnb vjuen ktnfn m ≥ .
6 7
Ct h tñ hzysq Dtcn y b r
Gjl lt h t djv Frñfh bvtk dbltybt. Ct h tñ hz y s q
D tcnybr ytjå b l f y yj ghtlcnfk b crfpfk: ≤Djn db-
lbim Vtyz d gthdsq b gj c ktlybq hfp, ñel nj Vt y z
yt ñsdfkj. Ñeltim cnh jbnm wf h cn dj b d yäv Øhfv
ñeleobq. B rfr dkf l s rf ghjqläim gjkt åbpyb,
y tcz d leøt Øhfv ñeleo b q .
Gjb cnbyt, ljk uj ns ghtñ s dfk yf genb c Uj c-
gjljv. Yeå yj jrjyxbnm ptv yeç gzne. B Ujkj cf
Vjt uj yt ec ksibim, b Cdtnf Vjt uj yt ed b l b i m ,
b ujnjd yj cnm cjøhfybim blnb genäv Ñjåtc r b v .
Yj rjulf ghblän xfc jnrhsnm cktleçobt Dhfnf ,
nj åt y f n djz , l f y y f z Uj c gjljv , ec ks i b n cner
Vjq b crf åtn: ≤Jy e djh jn≥. Ns åt ed b l b i m
Vt y z , k b i m g t h t q l z x t hne. Yj rjul f åt y f dcne-
g b n yf gj c ktlybq genm, jyf edblbn ntñz d jñ h fpt
Vj ä v .
Ns åt ñelm ptv yjq wfhm b ptv ktltktw gjnjv. Ns
åt, rjyxfz ptv yjq genm, jñjqlb gjkt cflf ndjt uj .
Rfålsq, eøjlz, yt jcnfdbn rhjøb yf cnjkt gbhf.
J ñjqlb dct nh jgbyrb pfhjcibt b gjvyb: xtv
6 9
ñk b åt, ntv lfk mit. Cyfx fkf d uhjpt, gjnjv d
dbøht, gjnjv d vjkx f y b b ≥ .
B gjnjv Dtcnybr pf ujh tkcz ct h tñ h jv, b kbcn mz
lt h t df cnfkb ghjp h fxysvb b hfleåysvb. B gj c kt
pfnh t g tnfk djpleø b dcä ghbikj d jñsxysq dbl.
F rñfh ñjk mit ybrjulf ybxtuj yt dbltk. Rjul f
åt ghbiäk xfc jcdjñjå ltybz, jñf hfljdfkbcm, bñj
toä jlby chjr ghbñk b p b kcz. B chjr ghfdbkmy s q ,
b ñj vju b ks yt ceotcn detn.
7 0
G jvjom Ytñf
En dt hl b kc z dkf l s rf , x nj gjvjo m Ytñf g h b-
län d rfålsq nhelysq xfc. Djn yfcnfkj dhtv z
jñüzdbnm djq ye dkf cn b ntkzv Ujk rjyls, b pfnhel-
y b kcz dkf l s rf h t i t y b tv . Ñkeå l fk ukfp dkf l s r b
gj gjke, b dblbn: veh f dtq ytcän ju h jv yeç yji e,
b ljk uj vex b kcz veh f dt q .
Y f rjytw Frñfh dj c rk b r yek: ≤R xtve pfnhel y z n m
ctñz nz åtcn mç Ujk rjyls!≥ B ghbrfpfk jcnf yjd b n m
g h b ujnjdktybz r gjøjle.
L heujq hfp ghbcencn djdfk dkf l s rf d cjñ h f y b b
celf b øjntk ghbcjtlbybnmcz r ghbujdjhe, yj dyb-
vfybt tuj ñskj ghbdktx t yj nh t g tnf y b tv ñf ñjx r b ,
ñbditqcz e jryf. B pf ñ sk ckjå b d i ttcz eåt
c kjdj, b gjlevfk: gecnm bcgjkyzn ljku cel mb , _
c rfpfd: ≤Ct ujlyz z kbim uj cnm pltc m ≥ .
B ghbujdjh ñsk cghfdtl k b dj vbkj ct hlt y .
Gjrei fk b c m d h f u b y f å b p y m F rñf h f . Eñ b q wf eåt
cnjzk pf lt h t djv cflf, rjulf dkf l s rf cjdt h i fk
7 1
jlby ghjuek re. Xähyfz pvtz gthtgjkpkf ljh jå re,
b dkf l s rf gjdt h yekcz gjp dfnm ckeue. D gjb c rf ø
pvtb yfikb eñ b q we pf lt h t djv .
C rfpfk dkf l s rf: ≤Gjvjom Ytñf gjkpf tn gj ptv-
kt. Gecnm kbim ukfp b eøj ñelen jn r h s n s ≥ .
7 2
G jk rjdjl w s
J ldeø gjk rjdjl wfø Frñfhf. Jlby gjkex fk ghj-
cnhfyyst erfpfybz, lheujq kbim cfvst jnh s djx-
yst. Yfrjytw dnjh jq jñ h fn b kcz r Frñf he, ujdjhz :
≤ Xtv z yt pf c keåbk ghjcnhfyysø erfpfybq, rjul f
cnjk mrj gjñtl ghbyäc?≥
F rñfh jn dtx fk: ≤Ndjz gjy z nk b dj cnm elt håfkf
gjnjr ckjd. Gecnm rf å ljt vuyjdtybt, njñjç cjø h f-
y ä y yjt, jnvtx t yj ñeltn kexitç åtv xeå b yjq ≥ .
Gjnjve dtk b rf hflj cnm ntø, rnj vjåtn gjy z n m ,
cjøhfyzz yfg b njr Bcnjx y b rf .
G h b ñf d b v j nh tn m tv . J y c g h j c b k : ≤ Gjx tve gjpl-
yj bkb ckbirjv hfyj gjh b wf tncz jl b y f rjdj ? ≥
F rñfh crfpfk: ≤Lheu vjq, ytn jl b y f rjdsø dtk b-
xby. Gjnjve, tckb ghtå lt d h tvt y yj cnm pf rk çx f tn
d ctñt yføjl x b dj cnm, nj tä wtyf kexit, bñj pfgjp-
l fkj cnm cjtlbytyf kbim cj cvt hn mç. Ghtå lt d h t-
vt y yj cnm cel b vf, pfgjpl fkj cnm eåt jceå lt y f ≥ .
7 3
C ntcyäyysq b eu h jåf tvsq, Frñfh ujdjhbk cdj-
bv djålzv: ≤Xtv vt y tt djk yetncz dt otcn dj, ntv
z c y tt jnh f åtybt dt h i b y ≥ .
Gj c kt cvjnhf djq c rf Frñfh crfpfk: ≤Xtn d ä hnf z
x f cnm cltkfyf. Dbltk csnsø kçlt q , _ jcnfk myjt
edblbv gj c kt lyz pyjz, gj c kt lyz ljålz, gj c kt
ñtccjy yjq yjx b ≥ .
7 4
D h f u b
F rñfh, yfp dfyysq Dtkbrbv, jxtym ñt h tå yj jn-
yj c b kcz r dhfufv. Kçñbvsq cjdtnybr däk cgbcjr
d h f ujd. Frñfh xfcnj jcdtljv k z kcz, yt gjz d b kjcm kb
d cgbcrt rf rjt -k b ñj lj cnjq yjt bvz.
≤ Rjulf ed b åe lj cnjq yjuj xtkjdt rf, gjikç ghb-
dtn gthtjltnjve lheue≥ .
B toä ujdjhbk Frñfh: ≤Cx f cnkbd, bñj vju
g h b kf ufnm d åbpyb cdz ot y yjt Extybt, vju lfn m
ljdjk m cn dj yfhjle b ñsk jn ntyäy ñjk mi b v b
d h f uf v b ≥ .
Nfr ujdjhbk Frñfh, pyfz wt y yj cnm dhfuf v .
C h tlb dhfåtcrbø el f h jd Frñfh ñsk cghji t y :
jn relf cnjk mrj yfg f lt y b q ?
F rñfh jn dtx fk: ≤Lfqnt b dhfufv vbyene pf-
y z n b z ≥ .
7 5
Dblbvsq ytdblbvj
G h b l djhysq bcnjhbr Frñfhf jlyfåls crfpfk
g h f d b ntkç: ≤Chtlb ghfdbntktq yfñk çlfç ythfp-
h t i b vjt zdktybt. Jlyb dkflsrb lt håfk b c m
y tlj cneg yj dl fkb jn yfhjlf, bø cdt h ufkb pf yt-
yeå yj cn mç. Lheubt døjlbkb d åbpym rf å ljuj lyz,
r ybv ghbdsrfkb b cdt h ufkb pf jñ s x yj cn mç ≥ .
F rñfh eks ñ yekcz: ≤Pyfx b n, ghfdbntkm ljk åt y
j cnf dfnmcz ytdblbvsv, døjlz b yfg h f dkzz dct
lt q cn d b z ≥ .
Nfr htibk velhsq ghfdbntkm b ghtlerfpfk
ñeleott .
Dblbvsq ytdblbvj !
7 6
Rjc v j uj y bx tcrfz crfp rf
Rj c vjujy b x tc rfz bylecc rfz crfp rf cjjñ of tn :
Å b kj eåf c yjt xeljd b ot, gjå b h f d i tt kçlt q .
Jlyfåls xeljd b ot ghtc ktljdfkj yfvtx t y yeç
åt hn de. Xtkjdtr, cgfcfzcm, yshyek d jpthj. Xelj-
d b ot ghsuyekj pf ybv. Bof cgfctybz, gkjdt w
c rf r yek yf cgbye xeljd b of b rhtgrj cø dfn b kcz
pf njhxfobq uhtñt y m .
X eljd b ot yt vjukj jg h jr b yenmcz yf cgbye, bñj
ñ h çøj tuj yt ñskj pf o b ot yj. Jyj ecnh tv b kj c m
ñtitysv ñt ujv, jåblfz, rjulf xtkjdtr bpyeh b nc z .
Yj xtkjdtr levfk, xnj jy cdjbv jnxfzyysv gj-
kjåt y b tv cgfcf tn xtkjdtx tcn dj. B d ãnjq vbhjdjq
vtx nt cbks tuj yfg hz ukbcm ñtp ecnfk b .
X eljd b ot vtå le ntv nfr ec rjh b kj ñt u, xnj
bcrhs ktntkb juytyysv ødj cnjv. B d gkf vt y b
xeljd b ot cnfkj gjl s vfnmcz yfl ptvkäç. Vbhjdf z
vsckm xtkjdt rf gjl y z kf lfåt dhfuf .
7 8
Rjulf kçlb dblzn rjvtne, jyb ñkf ujl f hzn jn df å-
yjuj, ecnh tv k ä y yjuj dtx yj. Vsckb kçlcrbt vxfnc z
b lfçn yjdst cbks dcf l y b re xeljd b of .
Ñ tkst, åäknst, rhfcyst b xähyst kçlb ecnh tv-
k z çn vsckb r njve, rnj lfdyj cnfk ju y t y y s v .
7 9
G jc kfytw Cdtnf
C nfhfz kt utylf ujdjh b n :
C lfk my t uj vbhf ghbiäk Gj c kfytw, xnjñs lfn m
k çlzv hfdt y cn dj, ñhfncn dj b hflj cnm. Kçlb lfdyj
pf ñ skb gtcyb b jvt hndbkbcm ytyfdbcn mç .
Gj c kfytw bpujyzk ntv yjne b ntc yjne, gjh f åfk
pf h fpe b cnh jbk hflj cnysq nhel. En b økf ytyf-
d b cnm, b vtx Gj c kf y wf jcnfkcz yf cntyt. Yj dct
ñ skb vjkx fkbds b yt evtkb pfg tn m .
Njulf Gj c kfytw cjñ h fk vfkt y mrbø ltntq b ed ä k
bø d ktc b crfpfk: ≤Dfib wdtns, dfib hex mb, df i b
lt h t d mz. Ybrnj yt gjiäk pf yfvb. Z jnljø ye, f ds
y fgjk y b ntcm hflj cn mç≥. Nfr yfx fkbcm hjñrbt ghj-
uekrb gj ktce.
Y f rjytw cfvsq vfkt y mrbq jcnf yjd b kcz yf
gjkzyt b pf c vjnh tkcz yf kex cjk y wf. Njulf åä k nf z
b djk uf yfx fkf cdjq ghbpsd. Pf ytç vfksi pf-
i t g nfk b crjhj hflj cn yj pfp dt y tk: ≤Yfit cjk y wt ! ≥
D t h t y b wtq dt h yekbcm ltnb yf gjk z ye, b pfp dex fk
yjdsq ubvy Cdtne.
Gj c kfytw crfpfk: ≤Kçlb pfg tkb. Yfcnfk chjr ! ≥
8 0
Ctvm cke u
D jn vs gjikäv ctvm ckeu yf ñfpfh ghbytcn b
d b yju h f l .
X nj dbåe? Gthdsq ent hzk lt y mub. Dnjh jq ghj-
vtyzk bø yf øvtk myjt dbyj. Nh tnbq enfbk bø.
Xtn d ä hnsq yt hfcgjp y fk ptkäysq dbyjuhfl. Gz-
nsq, ghjñez phtkj cnm, hfplfdbk dcç dtn re. Itcnjq
jnjñ h fk evtkj, yj njk r yek b hfcc s g fk gj ytj cnj-
h jå yj cnb. Ctl mvjq ghbyäc cgtkeç dtndm b yfiäk
k b cn mz, xnjñs erhfcbnm dtn re.
Nfr ctvthj ghjikb jl yjç ljh jujq b d jl yj
d h tv z .
8 1
Jgkjn dt h y jcn b
Gjdtk b ntkm cghjcbk vel h t wf: ≤Rfr ed b ltnm uyt-
plj bpvtys b jg kjn dt h yj cn b ? ≥
Velhtw gjrfpfk yf njk ge hfpjltnsø dcf l y b rjd
b crfpfk: ≤Uy tplj bpvt y s ≥ .
Gj c kt erfpfk yf jl b yjrjuj gen y b rf b crfpfk :
≤ J g kjn dt h yj cnb, bñj jl b yjx tcn de ybxnj yt bp-
vt y b n ≥ .
B c njuj lyz gjdtk b ntkm jr heå b kcz dt h yj cn mç .
8 2
G jx b nfybt Ex b n tk z
Vfkt y mr b q b y lec , gjp y f d i b q Ex b ntk z . V s c g h j-
cbkb tuj: ≤Yteåtkb cjk y wt gjntv y ttn lkz ntñz ,
tckb edblbim tuj ñtp Ex b ntk z ? ≥
Vfk mxbr eks ñ yekcz: ≤Cjk y wt jcnf y tncz cjk y wtv ,
yj ghb Ex b ntkt vyt ñelen cdtnbnm ldt y f l wfn m
cjk y w ! ≥
Cjk y wt vel h j cnb Bylbb ñeltn cdtnbnm, bñj yf
ñt h t ue htrb cblbn vfk mxbr, pyfçobq Ex b ntk z .
8 3
V b kf h t g f
Ex b ntkm Vbkfhtgf xfcnj ñtctljdfk c åbdjn-
ysvb. Jrjkj tuj etlbytybz uytplbkbcm gxäks ,
cjp b l fkb ujh jlf veh f d mb, pfktnfkb gjgeufb b
jñtp mzyf cf l b kfcm gjljñ yj Ex b ntk ç .
Ex b ntk m c rfpfk veh f d mz v : ≤ G f øf h b b cjp b l fnt-
k b , y b rnj dfc yt pyftn, yj ds djp yj c b nt dscjr b t
jñ o b y s ≥ .
C rfpfk gxäkfv: ≤Cjñ b h f q nt väl pyfybz b jñ h f-
pjd kexibø. Ybrnj yt ghthdän ckflrbq nhel df i ≥ .
P f vtnbk gjgeufç: ≤Gj rhbre ndjtve dbåe, xnj
cjñ h fkcz ñsnm celmäq b ghjgjdtl y b rjv ≥ .
B gju h jpbk htp djq jñtp mzyt: ≤Ns hfp heibk ve-
h f d mbyst cnh jtybz b gjøbnbk xeåjq väl. Vjåtn
ñsnm, htibkcz cnfnm ghfdbntktv ? ≥
8 4
J n i tkm y b r
Nh b v s i b g h b ñk b p b k b c m r jn i tk my b re, g h b-
dktxäyyst tuj ytl d b å yj cn mç. Jy crfpfk rf å ljq
bp ybø: ≤Ns gj ctk b kfcm d vert. Øjnz pfg f cjd tä
ø dfnbn yf dtcm hjl ndjq, yj jn njuj ns yt cnfkf
ljñ h tt .
Ns bpñ h fkf vtcnjå b ntk m cn dj d rybufø b gtht-
u h s pkf ytvfkj bø, yj yt cnfkf jñ h fpjdf y y tt .
Ns gjvtcn b kfcm chtlb cdz otyysø ghtl vtnjd,
yj yt cnfkf djp d s i t y y tt .
G h f dj, vsib, ds vjåtnt cnfnm kçl mvb. Rf r
k çlb, ds gj c h f v k z tnt lfyyst cjr h jd b of ≥ .
Nhb kmdf ghbikb r jn i tk my b re. Jy crfpfk rf å-
ljve: ≤Ns njk mrj xnj evt hndbk gen y b rf, cgtibd-
i t uj r ctv m t .
Ns gjøbnbk tl b y cn dt y yeç jd we e ckt gjq .
Ns ey b x njåbk rjyz e dtcn y b rf df å yjuj .
8 5
Vjåtnt, kmds, cnfnm kçl mvb. Yflt y mnt cnh f i-
yeç uhbde b yfx y b nt djq ye. Yt el b dk z q ntcm, xnj
k çlb jrf åencz ñjktt åtcnjrbvb, ytåtkb ds≥.
Nhb ujkeñz ghbktntkb r jn i tk my b re. Jy crfpfk
rf å ljve: ≤Ns crkt dfk xeåjt pt h yj b cxäk tuj
c djb v .
Ns dsnfobk wtktñ yjt hfcntybt b gjx b nf t i m c z
c dz ot y yjq gnbwt q .
Ns ghbkt g b kcz r xeåjve øhfve b dj bvz
cet dthbz pf cnfdbk rjhvbnm ctñz .
G h f dj, ujkeñb, gjhf dfv cnfnm kçl mvb. Cet dt h b t
b øf y åtcn dj ckf d yj ghjrjhvzn df c ≥ .
8 6
Ñ fn eh Ñfrif
Ñ fneh Ñfrif ghbiäk crfpfnm yfhjlfv ckjdj
Bcn b y s .
Ujdjhbn Ñfneh njdf h b ofv: ≤Crf åe dct ckjdf
Bcnbys≥. Ecnhfibkbcm njdfhbob: ≤Kexit crf åtv
gjkjd b ye Bcnbys, byfxt yt ecnjbn ndählfz ptv k z ≥ .
Yj Ñfneh yt vjåtn ghjvtlkbnm, blän crfpfn m
gjk yjt ckjdj Bcnbys. Jñhfn b kfcm pvtz d xähyeç
cnh tke. Rfr el f h b kf pvtz gj c h tlb Ñfneh jdjq uhel b .
C kjdj Bcnbys yt crfpf yj .
Ñelen øjh jybnm Ñfnehf yf gtx fkm dctv kçl z v .
Yj yt vjåtn jn pvtb gjrjyxbnmcz cfv Ñfneh.
Jy jcnfdbk d uhjñt jheåbt cdjä b jnjiäk nf q yj
d gjkt. ≤Gjq le bcrfnm yjdsø njdf h b otq, rnj yt
ñjb ncz gjk yjuj ckjdf Bcn b y s ≥ .
Øjlbn Ñfneh gj ujhfv, øjlbn gj gecnsyzv. Rf r
cjk y wt, ååän gjk yjt ckjdj Bcnbys. Gjñtktk Ñfneh
jn pyjz Bcn b y s .
P jd ä n Ñ fneh f Cf v D jb ntk m I f vñfks : ≤ Ã q , Ñ fneh !
Lfv ntñt jl yj bp Vjbø Bväy, lfv ntñt yjd s ø
8 7
njdf h b ot q , y t gju yenc z jy b jn gjk yjuj c kjdf
Bcn b y s .
Ns dpjqlb yf ujhe Flsufy, ns gj c vjnhb yf gjk-
ltym: rjulf pf vtnbim gskm dtk b reç, rfr pf c vj-
nhbim rjg mz, rfr gj cx b nftim rjytq, nfr Cfv Z
b le. Zvexb Cfv cktljv pf Vyjç .
Gjcgtifq, pfx tv juk z l s dfnmcz, cvjnhb yf gjk-
lt y m _ c kjdj Bcnbys ghbikj ! ≥
Nfr gjçn d ukeñbyt Fpbb.
Ñ fneh Ñfrif yt evth, yj botn yjdsø njdf h b-
otq, yt ñjz o b øcz gjk yjuj ckjdf Bcnbys. Jnvt-
x t yj jñjh fx b dfybt Ñfnehf yf gjk lt y m .
Nfrbvb ckjdfvb Fpbz ålän gjk yjt ckjdj
Bcn b y s .
8 8
Ñ tkfz Uj h f
Ujhf Ñtkfz, Ujhf, gjpyfdifz, jn relf djlf ñtkf z
gji kf .
Gjikän Ujhf rfvyb Rfneyb. Cyjczn rfvyb ñt h t-
uf ñtkst, hfpltk z çn rfvyb ñhfnf jn ñhfnf. Pfrhfc-
y tkf rhjd mç Rfneym, blän djq y f .
Ñ tkfz Ujhf, ns kb gj c kfkf rhfcyst rfvyb? Ult
n djä Ñtkjdjl m t ?
D jp mve gj cjø rtlhf, jr hexecm ñtkjç jltå ljç ,
gjl s vecm yf Ñtkeç Ujhe, e ytä cghji e _ jn rel f
gji kf ñtkfz djl f ?
Jn Ujhs, jn cf vjq dthibys gjrfpfkbcm cjh jr
cjh jrjd dthiby. Pf ybvb cdtn b ncz Ujhf Ñtkf z !
Rf vtym kb ujhbn? Nfqyf jñjp y fx b kf c m .
Gjqläv, ñhfnbt, yf njn Cdtn cbzçobq!
Yt d b l f y yjt ed b lt yj. Ytc ks øf y yjt ec ks i f yj .
Yf Ñtkjq Ujht cnjbn uhfl. Pdjy cksity. Gtneø
d chjr pf r h b x fk .
El fk b vcz d ujh jl b gj c kei f tv Rybue Dtk b reç .
8 9
Cnh tks vscktq
Gj c vjnhbv yf pdäpls. Yfv crfpfkb, xnj cj cel
Vel h j cnb ghjk b kcz bp Neibns b rfgkb xeltc yjuj
y fg b n rf pfcbzkb d Ghjcnh f y cn dt .
Yj Ex b ntkm crfpfk: ≤Ãnj cbzçn yfrjy tx y b r b
cnh tk vscktq. Bñj vsckm djy pf tncz d kex t yj c yjt
dt otcn dj b pfx b y f tn vbhs≥.
Vsckm ndjhz ofz! Yt jcnfdm er h f i fnm Ghj-
cnh f y cn dj wdtnfvb Cdtnf !
9 0
V s c km vbhf
Cjkjvjy ujdjhbk: ≤Gj cnf dkç ntñz yf hfcgen m t ,
b cltkfç ntñz vjkxfobv b ytl d b å y s v .
B gthtl njñjç gjq len pyfrb cjñ s n b q .
Nfr evthbim xtkjdtx tc rjt kçñjg s ncn dj .
Nfr pf ukzytim d ceå l ä y yjt ntxtybt gjnjrf .
B ñj gjdt hø xtkjdtx tc rjuj vsiktybz ytc ä nc z
vsckm vbhf≥.
Nfr yfñk çl f q nt ntxtybt cjñsnbq, rfr ñs c dt h-
ibys ñfiyb cx b nf tnt cnflf jdt w .
9 1
B cnjxybr nthgtybz
≤ D kf l s rf ctv b D h fn ! Gjdtl b y f c d cnjh jye cjk y-
wf, yfc, ghji tlibø gjk yjx m .
C nh tks yfib ghbyflktåfn Ntñt, Dkf l s rf .
Ñ tp Ndjt uj Erfpf vs yt djqläv d cntys jnl s øf .
Yb xfc, yb ltym, yb ujl yt ghtuhfålfçn gen m .
D tlm Ns, Ñscnhtqibq, lt håbim gjdjl rjy t q
y f i b ø .
D tlm Ns, Cfv, bcgsnfk genm b gjhex b kcz nt h g t-
y b tv .
C rfåb, Lt håfntkm, jn relf ntxän bcnjxybr nt h g t-
y b z ? ≥
≤Bp hels ljdt h b z ≥ .
Rnj pyftn, ult dtcnybr vt y z tn rjy z !
9 2
Ø h f y b n tkm ctvb Dhfn
J ujhx b kcz Øhfybntkm ctvb Dhfn. ≤Lfç kçl z v
y tc rjy x f tv s q gjnjr xeltc , yj jy b y t h f c gjp y f-
ùn bø.
Lfç yjdst pdäpls, yj cdtn bø yt bpvt y z tn xtkj-
dtx tc rjt vsikt y b t .
Gju heåfç d ukeñ b ye djl wtkst cnhfys, yj
vjkxbn cjpyfybt xtkjdtx tc rjt .
D jp yjie ujhs b Extybz Bcnbys, yj lfåt uj-
kjds kçltq yt jñ h f of çncz r pjde.
Gj c skfç djqys b vjh, yj lfåt eåfc yt pf cnf d-
k z tn kçltq gjv s c k b n m .
Gj c skfç hflj cnm pyfybz, yj kçlb ltkf çn bp
c dz ot y yjq nh fg tps gjøk ä ñ re.
Ytn e Vtyz pyfrjd, xnjñs jn d h fnbnm xtkjdtx t-
cn dj jn ubñtk b ! ≥
C rfpfk Øhfybntkç Dscibq: ≤Rjulf cnh jb ntk m
pf rkf l s df tn plfybt, hfp dt jy gjdt of tn dctø hfñj-
nfçobø yf gj cnh jq rt? Vt y mifz xfcnm pyftn j ht-
iäyysø hfpvt h f ø .
9 3
Njk mrj ytc rjk mrbv ljdt h t yj yfp y fxtybt pl f y b z .
Nt, rnj hjçn rfvyb ghtåybø jcyjdfybq, yt dvtc-
nzn lfåt jl yjuj jcyjdfybz yjdjuj .
Yt vjåtn ãn b v jujhx fn m c z cnh jb ntk m , tc k b d jñk b-
rt hfñjnfçobø ytn pyfybz j ceo yj cnb tuj pf v s-
c kf. Jy njk mrj vjåtn cjjn dtncn dt y yj hfcghtltk z n m
h f ñjne≥ .
Nf r åt b d cjpyfybb kçltq ñeltv pyfnm, xnj yt-
dvt ofçobt b ytdybvfçobt vjuen bcgjk y b n m
kbim ybpieç hfñjne.
G ecnm jlby gjyzdibq en dt hl b ncz rfr cnj nsczx
vel h t wjd. B pyfrb lkz ytuj hfp dt h yencz rfr yf-
x t hnf y b z .
9 4
G kf v t y y s q
G kf vtyysq crfpfk Ryzpç Nmvs: ≤Ns jnh f d b k
djpleø, Ns pf u hzpybk djls, Ns bcnjobk ptvkç,
yj r juyç Ns yt ghbrj c yekcz, b jujym yt nh jyen
Njñjç. B jujym ñeltn åtxm Ntñz, rfr cdtn nmve
gjh f åf tn. Yt ecnf y tn dtk b rjt gkfvz, b yt lt hp-
yäim dsqnb bp jñ b nfk b of cdjt uj .
G h b pjde bp Ghjcnh f y cn df yjdst juyb, b jy b
b ccei fn ltkf Ndjb. Rfr nhtobys ñtc g kjlyst, rf r
rj cnb bcnktdibt, nfr ñeltim ey b x njåty, bpuyfy,
jncneg b i m .
C ntyf gkf vtyyfz gjl d b y tncz, b yt yfqläim
d ytq cktljd cdjbø. Jøhfyç gkfvz lfk mybvb vb-
hfvb. Yt vjåtim jnhfdbnm, pf u hzpybnm, bcnjo b n m
t uj .
Cjñt he hjl gkf vt y y s q , _ hjåläyyst ju y ä v ,
jyb yt gjl l f lencz, b cveoäyyst Njñjç djls yt
pfk mçn bø ujh t y b t .
Ryzpm Nmvs, ñjqcz Juyz!!≥
9 5
Lfh Nm v s
Leø Nmvs vsckbk: ≤Rfr toä rhtgxt ghbdz pfn m
x tkjdtx tcn dj r ptv kt? Gecnm ñelen cjøhfytys jñ s-
xfb b ghbdsxrb. Ybxnj nfr yt ghbrhtgkztn xtkj-
dtx tcn dj r jñsxysv jñk b rf v .
Yj ãnj chtlcn dj ujl yj kbim lkz vyjåtcn df ,
ujh fplj jg f c y tt jl b yjx tcn dj. D yäv ghjcdtnk z tnc z
cjpyfybt b cjp b l f çncz yjdst gj cnh jt y b z .
Y eå yj juhfybxbnm xfcs jl b yjx tcn df. Yt cktletn
k çlzv jcnf dfnmcz jlybv. Cyfñåe bø jnh f åt y b tv ,
b gecnm ghbdsrf çn r cdjtve jñk b re≥ .
C keub Nmvs ghbytckb kçlzv pt h rfkj .
9 6
D jp y f u h f å lt y b t
Jlby xtkjdtr jnl f dfk vyjuj pjkjnf yf ljñ h s t
ltkf, yj ålfk djp y f u h f å ltybz. Jlyfåls Ex b ntk m
t uj ghbckfk tve rf vtym c pfg b c rjq: ≤Ghbvb djp-
lfzybt, cjr h jd b ot lfk mytq pdtpl s ≥ .
Xtkjdtr djp y t ujljdfk: ≤Dvtcnj vjt uj pjkjnf
vyt lfy rf vtym! Xnj vyt lj lfk mytq pdtpl s ! ≥ _
b ñhjcbk d jujhxtybb rf vtym d ujhysq gjnjr .
Yj ghbiäk Ex b ntkm, ujdjhz: ≤Rfr yfiäk ns
cjr h jd b ot? D rfvyt pf rk çxäy ñsk cfvsq wt y y s q
fk vfp, cdt h rfçobq ñjk mit dctø lhfujwt y yj cnt q
v b h f ≥ .
D jnxfzybb xtkjdtr ñhjcbkcz r gjnjre b, cktlez
gj ntxtybç, cgec rfkcz dcä ybåt b ybåt .
Yj vtk mrfybt djky yfdct ulf crhskj cjr h jd b ot .
9 7
L df Gbnhb
L df Gbnhb gj c gjhbkb vtå le cjñjç j xtkjdt rt .
C dtnksq ujdjhbk, xnj xtkjdtr dcä jnl f cn.
Yj Nävysq ghjn b djh txbk, jn dtxfz, xnj xtkjdt r
enfbn lkz ctñz ytx nj .
Y fx fkb jyb bcgsnsdfnm xtkjdt rf. Dct uj kbib-
kb, nfr xnj rfr jl b x fksq ñhjlbk jy, gjr h s n s q
jl yjq bpjh df y yjq nhz g rjq .
≤Dblbim, dcä jnl fk b åbdän≥, _ erfpfk Cdtn-
ks q .
≤ Gjljå l b ≥ , _ ec vtø yekcz Nävysq. B gjl r b yek
yf ljh jue gkfxeot uj htñ ä y rf .
Xtkjdtr ghbrhsk htñ ä y rf gj c ktlytq nhz g rjq
b ghjkbk cktpe.
≤Dblbim, dcä jnl fk ≥ , _ crfpfk Cdtnks q .
Yj Nävysq jn dtnbk: ≤Lf, nhz g re jnl fk, yj
ct hl wt cjø h f y b k ≥ .
Nfr gthtø b nhbk Nävysq Cdtnkjuj .
9 8
K ç w b at h
Nfr vyjuj ujdjh b kjcm j nävysø, xnj cktletn
c rfpfnm jcyjd yeç hfp y b we vtå le Øhbcnjv b Fynb-
ø h b cnjv, yfp s df tv s ø ljñ h jv b pkjv, bkb cjdt h-
i t y cn djv b ytcjdt h i t y cn djv, bkb toä ñk b åt
c rfpfn m _ b ltfk b pvjv b vfnt h b fk b pvjv .
D xäv ñskj dj ccnfybt Kçwbathf? Jy pf øjntk
j cnfnmcz d ghtltkfø gkf y tns, b kt utylf j Ryzpt
Vbhf ct uj ljdjk myj ghfdbkmy f .
J rjkj ctñz jy yfx fk cjñ b h fnm leøjd, ljdjk m-
cn deç o b øcz ptv k z yjq feh jq. Xnjñ elt håfnm ghb-
dt håt y wtd, jy yfx fk hfp d ä hn s dfnm gthtl ybvb
djpvjå yj cnb Ptvkb, gjl h f åf z _ b yjulf ljdjk myj
b c rec yj _ g h jn b djgjkjåtybzv lheujq cnjh jy s .
Vjå yj ujdjhbnm j xeltcfø Fynbøhbcnf. ≤Pfx tv
yfv cjpyfybt j ñeleotv, rjulf vjue gjrfpfnm df v
c b ks Ptv k b ! ≥
Yj vtå le tuj gj c ktljdfntkzvb ybrnj yt crf åtn,
gjrblfz Ptvkç: ≤Djcøjåe, Uj c gjlb≥. Yj cjl h ju-
y ä ncz, jnh s dfzcm jn ptv yjuj cdt h rf y b z .
1 0 0
G h f dlf, Kçwbath ñsk ghtrhfcty b lfk kçl z v
gj - c djtve gjpyfybt ptv yjuj cbzybz. Yj ñtp ytuj
yt ñskj ñs jg h tltk ä y yjq uhfybws vtå le ptv k ä q
b lheubvb cathfvb. Ñtp ytuj hfpkbxbt åbpyb yf
ptv kt b d lheubø cathfø ljk å yj ñskj gj cnt g t y yj
cn b h fnmcz, lfdfz djg kjoäyysv leøfv gjl d b å-
yj cnm vfnt h b b .
Yj l h t d y b q R y z p m V b h f , y f jñjh jn, g h b rjd s-
df tn vfnthbç r rjht pf y b vf tvjq bv gkf y tns.
Rfr gkf y tnysq leø, jy pyfk ytlhf Ptvkb, yj tuj
pf ñkeå ltybt ktåbn d ytåtkfybb cjnhel y b x tcn df
c lheubvb gkf y tnfvb. Bvt y yj jyj lfkj vbhe
Ø h b cnf .
D nj dhtvz rjulf Kçwbath ghtdjp yjcbn cdtn
P tvkb, Øhbcnjc erfp s df tn yf rhfcjne dct uj Vbhj-
pl f y b z .
Vs ujdjhbv: ≤Gecnm ujhbn cdtn Kçwbathf, yj
pf ybv yt crhjtncz dtkbxbt lheubø juytq≥. Vs yt
ñjb vcz ghjb p y tcnb tuj bvz. Vs pyftv tuj ceot-
cn djdf y b t .
Vs ujdjhbv: ≤Genm ndjq yt vjåtn pf dt h i b n m
P tvkb cel m ñe, bñj njk mrj jñ ot y b tv c lheu b v b
vbhfvb åbpym ndjtq ndt hlb jñ yjd b ncz. Bpyj c z nc z
1 0 1
n djb crfks, b ult en dt hlbim ghtcnjk cdjq? B
åbpym dtxyfz b jñvty dtxysq lfän yfv dtx y s q
ljv. Øhbcnjc ybxtv yt jnk b x fkcz jn ckeu ndjbø,
yj gjrfpfk ghtbveotcn dj ldbåtybz pf ghtltks
P tvkb≥. Øhbcnjc ujdjhbk: ≤Vjue gthtyjx t dfnm yf
g h t r h f c yjq Ptv kt, xnjñ ghjljkåbnm genm. Yj ,
Øjpzby Ptvkb, elt håb ckeu, xnjñ yt ghtgzncn dj-
dfkb Vyt ghb dj cøjlt ghjljkåbnm gen m ≥ .
Bnfr, jlby dj cø b n b kcz vfnthbtq, lheujq åt blän
r vbhfv djpvjå yj cntq Cdtnf .
Ø h b cnjc cnh jbn dtx yjt ldbåtybt. Øhbcnjc, ujdj-
hz : ≤ R x tve jl y f P tv k z , rjul f ceå lt y s dct v b h s ! ≥ ,
nfr cjplfän ghfdbkmysq genm xtkjdtx tcn df, rjul f
i b h jrbv rjjg t h fn b djv ñeltn pfkjåty yfcnjz o b q
jñvt y .
K ç w b ath, yfcnfän dhtvz, rjulf jñ yjdbnm kf v ge
n djç !
K ç w b ath, vjuibq ñsnm Ghtlcnf d b ntktv Tlby-
cn df, ghtl gjxäk juhflbnmcz jn cj ctltq. Rjy tx yj ,
vjå yj njk mrj pfnhelybnm, yj ghthdfnm gjnjr
y tkmpz. Cf vjljdktybt ptv yjq vfnthbb dspsdf tn
rjh h t rnbd d kbwt Ñhfncn df Cdtnf _ Ex h tå lt y b z ,
y tp y f rjvjuj lheubv gkf y tnfv gj cdjtq ytdjk myjq
1 0 2
ñjt ujnjd yj cnb. Ghfdj, r xtve ãnb Wfhb Vbhf,
r xtve ñtkst b xähyst ghjwtccbb, rjulf vjå yj
z dkznmcz cjnhel y b rf v b ?
Gj cnh jtybt vfnthbb b leøf yt pf rk çx f tn d
j c yjdt dhfåls. Pfx tv jcnf y f dk b dfnm ldbåtybt
d ghtrhfcyeç Ñtc g h tltk myj cnm? B pfx tv yfuhj-
vjå l fnm ghbphfxyst pfg hels jrjkj Ptvkb? Åfk m
y t yeå yj pf lt håfyysø gen y b rjd, bñj ãnb ptv y s t
cnfywbb bv dc ä - nfrb yt ghbujl z ncz lfk mit bp-
dtcn yjuj chjrf. R xtve cjnyz djg kjotybq, tc k b
ltc z n mç vjå yj gthtifuyenm gjh ju ?
Yj ñjh m ñf jnxfzybz gthtvt y b kf Yj c b ntkz Cdt-
nf, b heñ b yjdfz fehf yfgjk y b kfcm fksv pf h t djv .
Gj c ktljdfntk b t uj , gjb cn b y t , y fx fk b g h b ñt ufn m
r gj cnslysv chtlcn dfv, rjnjhst kbim pf lt hå b-
df çn chjrb, yj yt bcx t h g s df çn cel m ñe.
Gjnjve Yfib lj c g tøb b vtxb c hflj cn mç vjuk b
ñs ñsnm gthtrjdfys yf xfcnb kf ñjh fnjhysø fg g f-
h fnjd ujh fplj hfymit, b Yfif ktcn y b wf, pdt yj
ptvkb b Ytñf, vjukf ñsnm ujh fplj ñk b åt .
Rfr vjå yj dc gjvybnm gj c ktl y t uj Dtk b rjuj
Ex b ntkz, ghbyzdituj gjpjh yeç cvt hnm pf nj, xnj ,
rfpfkjcm, eåt lfdyj ñskj bpdtcn yj xtkjdtx tcn de !
1 0 3
Ñ tlysq Yj c b ntkm Cdtnf, d rjyxbyt Øhbcnf ns
ljgecnbk ytgjg h f d b veç ji b ñ re. Rtlh kbdf y c r b q ,
gjlyzdibq ntkj Øhbcnf, kbim cjr h fnbn genm r
D s c i tve Vbhe. B ghbläncz ntñt jnjqnb yf Cf-
nehy, gjnjve eåt lfdyj ntñz yfp s df çn Cfnf y. Yj
b nfv Cf ljdybr vfnthbb yfqlän gjkz b vjåtn nhe-
lbnmcz, rfr yf Ptv kt. B ghbvb gj c ktlybq cjdtn _
g t h tc vjnhb hzls ckeu ndjb ø .
Gj ktcn y b wt åbpyb ns øjntk jg t h tlbnm Ex b ntk z .
D jn ntñt lfyj jcnt h tåtybt. Djn cnjbn Yfif cdb-
ltntk my b wf ndjtq ex f cnb. B pdtplf Vfnthb Vbhf
dcnfkf pyfvt y tv ñtpevbz ndjt uj, rjulf ns htibk
eybpbnm yj c b ntk my b we Leøf .
Dblbim, dt h y ä ncz åtyf yf vtcnj ceå l ä y yjt !
1 0 4
P jk j nj
Z dktybt df å yjt ghjb cøjl b n _ b vt y yj, ez dkt y
ufp, hfp hei b ntk mysq lkz gkf y tn s .
X b cnjt pjkjnj cjlt håbn tuj. Elt håfnm tuj yflj .
Veåtcn dt y yjt htitybt djdkt rkj yfqnb ceo yj cn m ,
y f b ñjktt jg f c yeç lkz gkf y tns. Rjy tx yj, jñ h fn b-
kbcm ghtå lt dct uj r ghtl vtnfv, yfbñjktt ñk b p r b v
r jñ b øjle xtkjdtx tcn df. Rjy tx yj, rfvyb b vtnfk-
ks yfbñjktt cdz p s df çn xtkjdt rf c ytlhfvb gkf-
y tns b vjuen ñsnm jx f ufvb pf h fp s .
Rfr bpdtcn yj, vtlm b cdbytw ytpljh jds. Ct h t-
ñhj cjlt håbn ez dktyysq cj cnfd, yfg b n s df ç o b q
ãythubç. Åtktpj gjktp yj, yj jrbcm åtktpf lfän
u y b t y b t .
I b h jrjt gjx b nfybt pjkjnf pf cnf d b kj jñ h fn b n m
d y b vfybt yf ytuj. Gj c h tlcn djv ckjåysø bpscrf-
ybq gsnfkbcm ghbkjåbnm djplt q cndbt pjkjnf yf
h fpkbxyst ghjz dktybz rj c v b x tcrbø cbk.
Yt ñskj cjvytybz, xnj ãnjn vtnfkk jcjñt y yj
y f c s oty cbkmysvb ãvfyfwbzvb cdtnf, b pjkjn s t
å b ks cjjñ of çn z dkt y b z f cnh fk myjuj c dtnf y tl h f v
1 0 6
P tvkb. Gjnjve, tckb vbh fcnh fk mysq d gjhz l rt ,
h jkm pjkjnf vjåtn ñsnm lfåt ñkf ujltntk my f .
Yj bvt y yj ãnjn ghjdjlybr vjåtn jñ h fnbnmcz
d ybnm r gjh jøjdjve crkf le.
Vjå yj g h tlcnf d b n m , rf r kt u rj ãnjn vtnfk k vjåtn
g t h tl fnm rjhbxytdsq ufp, cueoäyysq ñtpjñ h fp b tv
f cnh fkf. B leø jrf åtncz dp h s dfntktv b djpñel b-
ntktv dek rf yjd .
Vjå yj kb jå b l fnm egjhz ljxtybz fcnh fk myjuj
vbhf ñtp gjl d b uf ptvkb r Jñobyt?
Vjå yj hfp heibnm ñtpjñ h fpbz fcnh fkf bltt q
jn rfpf jn cjñcn dt y yj cnb. Yeå yj pyfnm vhfx y s t
pf rjekrb fcnh fkf. Yj lj cnfnjx yj jñüzdbnm nfv
j yjdjv gjhz l rt ptvkb, b kbøjh f l rf ñtpjñ h fp b z
pf rjktñktnc z _ dtl m f cnh fk jx t y m g h b dz pf y r reh-
ce ptvkb, b lfåt cnfhst jñ b nfntkb fcnh fkf jx t y m
ñjz pk b dj xbnf çn ptvyst ufptn s .
D tcnm j ptvysø gthtdjh jnfø gjljñyf dt y n b k z-
njhe. Ljgeotybt ptvysø gthtdjh jnjd bvttn ñjk m-
ijt pyfxtybt yt njk mrj yf rjht Ptv k b .
Nt g t h m ed b l b v h fp d b n b t ñjk mi b ø cjñ s n b q . B
c vtxjv, b c dtcfvb ñeltn htifnmcz yfbñjktt gj-
ktp yjt .
1 0 7
Nm v f
Fñcjk çnyfz Nmvf tcnm fynbgjl Cdtnf. Ãnj dhfu
dct uj ceot uj. Ãnj jnh b wfybt åbpyb. Ãnj elei b-
ntkm b jnh f d b ntk m .
X nj åt ãnj nf rjt? Ãnj bpdt håtybz ytcjdt h i t y-
yjuj leøf. Ytn ckjd jg b cfnm ãnjn uyän b elei t y b t .
Yt vyjubt vjukb dbltnm ãnjuj dhfuf gkf y tns ñtp
pf ñjkt df y b z .
B vt y yj ãnf Nmvf yfx b y f tn gjr b l fnm ghtå y b t
dvtcn b k b of . Ø b v b x tc r b ujdjhz , ãnf ãcct y w b z f y n b-
vjybz b økjh b cnjuj fvvbfrf dstl f tn yf cdj ä v
genb dct ãktvtyns, b ufp ghjdjlbn d ãnb rf dt h y s
cnbøbb hfp hei t y b z .
G h f dlf, el fkjcm ghjheñbnm njx re xthtp ãne
vf cce, yj ghjhsd tä gjukjof tn cnjk mrj ãythubb,
x nj, lt q cn dez c jl yjq kbim cnjh jys, vjå yj bp-
h f cøjljdfnm dct pfg f c s .
P y fx b n, yflj cjpl fnm ntxtybt cbk xtkjdtx tcn df .
B ghbywbg Jñobys vjåtn ñsnm tl b y cn dt y y s v
nf h f yjv ndt hlsym Nmvs. Rfr dct ulf, ghbywbg
leøjd yj cnb bvttn vfnt h b fk myjt jcyjdf y b t _
l f åt fcnh jø b v b x tc rjt jcyjdf y b t .
1 0 8
Kt ut y lf j Rf v y t
B le gecnsytq. Ytce xfie, obnjv gjr h s neç .
Cjr h jd b ot d ytq _ lfh Jhbjy f .
G kfvz Yjczobq, gjvyb Kjñ - yjh b hfcrbym
i fnhs. Rere - yjh _ rjym cgtibn.
B d øhfvt Beltb yt jcnfkcz ≤Jujym Yj c z o b q ≥ .
B cgfc tl df Gfcctl dfy. Eiäk bp hfp dfkby Rbnf z .
Yt nzybcm, Key, r Rfvyç. Jy cfv ghblän, tc k b
ljå l ä i m c z .
Yj kerf dcn dj ø h f vf c keå b ntkt q gjø b n b kj Cjr h j-
d b ot e gjdtk b ntkz Bylbb, xnjñ djp y tcnb xeåeç
cnh f ye.
G ecnm Ujhf ujhlj cnb yt ljk uj Rf vtym er h skf .
G ecnm dtk b x f tncz ujh jl Rfvyz, yj genm Cjr h j-
d b of yfvtx t y .
Gjhf Rfvyç dt h yenmcz ljvjq .
Rjulf gkfvz yfl xfitq rjk mwjv cjd m ä ncz, njul f
ñk b p rj dhtvz Vj ä .
1 1 0
Yf Kf y rt ktåbn Rf vtym. Pføjh jyty pf bpvt ye
Hf dfys. Jnjqlän xthtp vjh t .
Pf ybv, rfr ødj cn rjvtns, cx f cnmt toä ñktcn b n,
yj yt ljk uj .
G ecnm cnj cnegtytq Rbnfz ghbdtn gji k çn
≤ J ujym Yj c z otve≥. Yj Gfcctl dfy Rf vtym eyj c b n,
b gtcrb gthtl fkb Jujym djb ntkç yftpl y b re Nb-
vehe. Gjljiäk Dtkbrbq r Zynf h yjq cntyt, gjr h sk
pyfväyfvb gjkt .
≤ G ecnm Rf vtym ktåbn dj Øhfvt, gjrf dt h yec m ≥ .
Yj åbpym xelj ghbdtkf dyere. Genm Rfvyz käu
yf Pfg f l .
Gjl ptvkäç cjñ b h f çncz jnws leøjdyst tcntcn dj
Rfvyz bcgsnsdfnm. Gjx tve, rjulf Rf vtym nävt y ,
njulf nexb pf øjl z n. Rjulf Rf vtym nz åä k _ r h jd m
g h jk b df tncz. Rjulf pdtplf yfl Rf v y tv, njulf el fx f .
Rjulf nhtobn Rf vtym, njulf dhfu blän. Rjul f
c y b ncz jujym yfl Rf v y tv, njulf vbh cjl h juf tnc z .
Rjulf Rf vtym gjrjb nc z _ i f ufq cvtkj. Yj dbyjv
Rfvyz yt jñktq, rehb yfl Rf v y tv kbim rtl h jdeç
c vjke. Yjcb Rf vtym d rj cnz yjq rjh jñ rt .
1 1 1
Rfr r åf he b rfr rj kmle ghbdsryenm yflj,
nfr yflj ghbdsryenm b r bpkextybç Rfvyz. Rf å-
lsq, Rf vtym yjczobq, ljk åty nbøj gjåbnm c ybv.
Lehvfy kextq ytdblbv, yj åfh nfqysq cbkmy tt
hflbz. Tktq kmäncz ytdblbvsq. Zdyj åt Rf vt y m
gjrjb ncz yf nrfyb hjlbys cdjt q .
E lsøfybz cntgtq b e øhecnfk mysø pdjyjd ujh
leø Rfvyz erfpetn genm pyfvtyb. Djlbn xelj yf-
h jl _ kextq Jhbjyf. E lkbyysø çncf rjd b Rf h f-
rjhev - yjh Ex b ntkç yflj gjdtcnb rjytq. E Eçñ -
yjh Zdktybt jå b l f tnc z .
Å h tx tc rjt cjpyfybt dctø dhtväy ujnjd b kj kçlt q
r ghbyznbç lj cnjq yjve Cjr h jd b of. Pfrjys vel-
h j cnb lfdyj erfpfkb chjr, rjulf pfnvtybt ldjq yjt
b rjulf gju heåtybt cdznsym d djkys jp y f vt yeçn
gjz dktybt yjdjt Rfvyz. Ñeltv vjk b n dt y yj ålfn m
yfi åhtñ b q .
Etpåfq, Rf vtym, pf vjht, lfq gnbwt ljy tcn b
dtcnm d eøj: Rf vtym tltn.
Nä v yjç yjx mç d nävyjq jltå lt ytc ks i yj gjl-
øjl b n ujy t w ep y fn m , rf r å len jy b ? E gjdjh jnf ,
pf eukjv, ålän hex yjq pdthm, yj cjv gjdjl b n, kfge
1 1 2
nz y tn, gj c kf y d h f ujv . Rnj rjgji b nc z pf ktcn y b-
wt q , rfrbt veøb yfktntkb, jn relf dbøhm ktnbn? Yj
b le rhtgrj, lt håe Rf vtym ghjx yj, exe vjk b n de:
≤ Yt gjrbym, Dkf l s rj, gjnjve cjñ h fk z cbks vjb ,
yt gjrbym, bñj r Ntñt ble ! ≥
Yf ujht Fh f h fn ktåbn ujh çx Rf vtym. Yjd ujh jl-
crbq ñjufnshm hfpñ b kcz j Rf vtym, bñj yt dt h b k .
D jkz Yjd ujh jlf erfp s dfkf yf dkf ltybt Cjr h jd b-
otv, yj ytdthbt pf c kjy b kj djpvjå yj cnm xel f .
K ex i tt yfgjvbyfybt j vjob Rfvyz gjkjåt yj
d pvt b yjv rf v y t _ c ktl vel h juj dkf ltybz. Gj-
c ktljdfntkm yjxb gsnfkcz gjrfpfnm ghbcdjt y b t
Rfvyz, yj Cjr h jd b ot dct ulf ñskj cdtnksv ghb-
p y f rjv. Kerfdst dkflsrb yt yfljk uj dkf ltkb Rf v-
y tv, yt pyfz, xnj kbim ecnh tv ktybt r ljñ he
gjrjhz tn jujym Rf v y z .
Eh jbk Ptyf, leø djpleøf, ghbyäc wfhç Cjkjvjye
Rf vtym. Djcrk b r yek leø yf xen rjt eøj: ≤Gjdtkt-
y b tv Uj c gjlf Cbk dhexfç ntñt Cjr h jd b ot Vbhf!≥
≤ Ljñ h j ≥ , _ crfpfk wfhm b jnyäc Rf vtym dj øhfv.
Jl y f rj yfikj vsiktybt cjøhfybnm xfcnm Cjr h j-
1 1 3
d b of yf ctñt. Ghbpdfk wfhm Tahtvf bp rjkt y f
B el b y f _ pkfnjrjdfxf, b erfpfk jnñbnm xfcn m
Rfvyz, b dpznm xbcnjuj ct h tñhf, b crjdfnm gth-
cntym, b yfx t hnfnm yf Rfvyt xfie vel h j cnb, gkf-
vt y tv g h j c b z d i eç . Levfk wf h m y t h f ccnfn m c z
c Cjr h jd b otv. Yj leø crfpfk: ≤Yt ujl yj ns yf-
heibk Dscitt F-Tcntcn dj. Nhel y tt ñeltn dkf ltn m
Rf v y tv csyfv xtkjdtx tcrbv, b njk mrj nt, rnj
c njñjç, vjuen gjdt h yenm Rf vtym r ljñ he. Cj-
p dtpl b tv erf åe genm Rf v y z ≥ .
Etøfk gj cjk r øf ye Nf vt hkf ye, yt kt u rj ktå b n
Rf vtym d Jnf ret. Yflj gj c kfnm cnh f åe nhäø pyf-
väy. Tlen yf dt h ñk çlfø kçlb, gskm cnjkñjv
pf r h s df tn cjk y wt. Gjujlf kçltq gjr h skf _ ñtp
rjy wf blen. B rfçrb gjdt h yekb rjytq r ljve.
Yjx mç rnj eñt h tåän Rf vtym? Gecnsyz edtkf
xeåbø kçltq, b Rf vtym eiäk c ybvb yf gjk lt y m .
Elevfq, øfy, rfr lju y fnm Rf vtym d ujlysø genz ø !
Uhecnm gji kf, ødjh j cnm, lfåt rjym jcneg f tncz.
R ujlysv tpljrfv zdk z tncz leø zdktyysq: ≤Yt
b o b nt, njk mrj dhtvz gjrf åtn genm≥. Rfålsq ekec
gj - c djtve gjän j Rf v y t .
1 1 4
J nt w C ek mg b w b q b vtk d b lt y b t : Ñ tks q jñkfx-
y s q cnjkñ ghbldbyekcz b ujkjc hfpl fkcz: ≤Øhfyb-
nt Rf vtym d rjdx t ut, ghbdtp ä y yjv bp Hjnt y ñeh uf .
Yf yäv xtnsht rdf l h fnf cj pyfrjv ≤V≥ d rf å ljv .
Z dktybt ñeltn zcyj, rjulf Z ghjb p y tce: ¥ G en m
x tn dthsø yf Djcnjr¯. Ybxnj yt eñfdbn Pfgjdtl m .
Ecneg b nt ceå l ä y yjve xfce. Cjñt he djb yjd Pdtpl s
Vjtq. Rjve ceå lt yj gjp y f y yjt dj dhtvt y b _ nt
cjñt hencz. Cbt cdbltntk m cn deç ntv xfcjv, xnj
Rf vtym gjljñty ct hl we xtkjdtx tc rjve b d yäv
pf rk çxäy rhbcnfkk cbzçobq!≥ Gj c kt ntø bphtx t-
ybq cnjkñ hfcgfkcz cbybvb bcrhfvb, gjdt h u yed
jn wf Cek mgbwbz d ñtc g h b vt h yjt lhjåfybt. Nf r
pf vtx fntk myj, xnj Rf vtym, ghbñsdibq c Djcnjrf ,
b vttn ajhve hfcgkçot y yjuj gkjlf bkb ct hl wf ,
el k b y ä y yjq ajhvs. Yf rjdx t ut yfqltys crfpf y-
yst ñerds, pyfxtybt bø ytbpdtcn yj .
Reh yjdee, Ghfdbntkm pjkjnjv gjrhsnsq, gj-
kexbk jn Nf w kf dee Rf vtym nävysq, rjnjhsq pf-
rk çx fk rhbcnfkk åbpyb. B ghfdbntkm yjcbk ãnjn
Rf vtym gjdt hø pjkjnf .
1 1 5
Bp rybub Nh b cnfyf, yfp df y yjuj Keyjv. ≤Rjul f
Csy Cjk y wf cjiäk yf ptvkç yfexbnm yfhjls,
c ytñf eg fk obn, rjnjhsq yjcbk cbke vbhf. Gj-
c h tlb obnf, vtå le nh tvz jnkbxysvb gznyfvb,
d s cneg fkb ct h tñ hzyst pyfrb, ghtl dt ofdibt cj-
ñsnbz gjl kexjv Cjk y wf. Zdktybt ytjå b l f y yjq
n mvs yf Cjk y wt gjdt h ukj d jnxfzybt Csyf Cjk y-
wf, b jy dshjybk b hfpñbk obn, bñj cjp dtpl b t
ñ skj dhfåltñ yj. Yj cbkf jcnfkfcm d jñkjv rt
ct h tlbys, nfv rf cfkcz kex Cjk y wf. Ujdjhz n, wf h m
Cjkjvjy dsyek dyenhtyyçç xfcnm Rfvyz lkz
g t h cnyz. Crfpfybt yfibø åhtwjd nf r åt ujdjhbn
j hfpñ b njv obnt Cjk y wf. Pktqifz ji b ñ rf jnh b-
wfnm Rf vtym. Gjb cnbyt, z dbltk tuj _ j c rjkjr
o b nf vbhf! Gjvyç dtk b x b ye tuj, lkbyjç c vjq
gznsq gfktw, cthsq jn ñktcr, rfr ceøjq gkjl. Lfåt
pyfrb gjvyç, yj yt gjyzk bø. Gjkjå b ntk myj z
d b ltk Rf vtym, b yfqle tuj. Ujdjhz n, Rf vtym cf v
g h b øjl b n, dpznm tuj ytkmpz. Tckb nfr, z ljå lec m
Rfvyz. Hflb tuj ble d gecnsyç lj rjy wf åbpyb≥.
Gjvyb, Key , _ ns htibk ljå l fn m c z .
1 1 6
Rjulf e gjdtk b ntkz Bylbb ghjg fk Rf vtym, åt y f
c rfpfkf: ≤Yfqläv tuj jgznm. El fksq ghjcbn ker ,
g n b we cfv lj cnf y tn ≥ .
Rjulf bvgthfnjh Rbnfz dkf ltk Cjr h jd b otv
Cjk y wf, jy gj cnh jbk lkz ytuj øhfv bp ñbhçps
w dtnf xbcnjuj ytñf. Rjulf åt vfkt y mrbt ghbyws
c ytdtcnjç pf uk z yekb d ldthm ckbirjv ljk uj ,
b v g t h fnjh crfpfk: ≤Kbcf dfc dtl ä n, xetnt Hf lj cn m
V b h f ≥ .
Åtktpyfz rjh jyf kf y ujñf hljd _ njåt dj c gj-
vbyfybt j Rfvyt. Yt ljk uj uj cnbk Rf vtym jrjkj
Ujhs ujhlj cnb. Vyjuj gj c kjd c Djcnjrf. Eyj c z n
dt h ñk çls Rf vtym d Nb ñtn. Gj gecnsyt ytcen, b
c ybv _ yjdeç cbke.
B gj c ktlybq gjkän yf Pfgfl jcdtnbk wf h cn dj
y tñ s dfkjt ytel fx yjuj tlbytybz yfhjljd Pfg f l f .
Yf rf å ljv kext Djcnjrf eåt boen Rf vtym. Dhtv z
y f cnf ä n, chjrb bcgjk y z ncz. Hjr ceåläyysq pfg b-
cfy, rjulf c Pfgflf ljñ h jdjk myj Rf vtym ghblän.
En dt hå l f tv ålfnm b gjyznm Rfvyz genm. En dt h-
1 1 7
å l f tv gjyznm ceåläyysø yj c b ntktq Rfvyz, ble-
obø ljvjq. Rjh f ñkm ujnjd !
Nb ñtn b Yjdfz Cnhfyf gjq len yfdcnh txe ctv b
p d ä plfv gjl pyfrjv nhäø pdäpl, gj c kfdibø Rf vt y m
v b he. Cjr h jd b ot ujnjdj, b dhfu yt djp mvän pjkj-
njv gjrhsnsq obn!
Å l b nt Rf vt y m !
1 1 8
G h j h jx tcn df j Ifvñfkt
b Vfqnh tt
Cjr h jd b ot c Pfgflf djp d h f of tncz. Gj ujh f v
pf å b uf çncz juyb hflj cntq. Gj c vjnh b nt yf ljh j-
ue _ b len yjczobt Rf vtym. Yf rjdx t ut pyfrb
Vf q nh t b .
Bp Cdz ot y yjuj Wf h cn df chjr erfpfy, rjul f
h f ccntkbnm rjdäh jåblfybz. Pyfrfvb ctvb pdäpl
jn r h jçncz Dhfnf .
≤Juyäv zdkç Vjbø gj c kfyysø. Cjñt h b nt ghtle-
rfpfybz cx f cn mz df i t uj ! ≥
Nfr bcgjk y z çncz ghtlc rfpfybz ghtl rjd b gb-
cfybz vel h s ø .
Y f q l b nt ev dcnh tnbnm yfp y fx t y yjt, rjulf d gz-
njv ujle gjz dz ncz dtcnybrb djb yjd Ct dt h yjq
I f vñfks. Yfqlbnt ev dcnh tnbnm bø b ghbyznm
Yjdeç Ckf de !
Lfv vjq pyfr Vjk y b b !
1 2 0
Erfp Rtcf h - øfyf. ≤E Vtyz vyjuj cjr h jdbo, yj
vjue lfnm bø Vjtve yfhjle kbim d yfp y fx t y y s q
c h jr. Rjulf djb y cn dj Ct dt h yjq Ifvñfks ghbytc ä n
rjgbt cgfctybz, njulf jn r h jç ujhyst nfqybrb b
h fpltk b nt c djb y cn djv Vjb cjr h jd b of gjh jd ye
b åbdbnt d cghfdtl k b dj cnb. Njve Vjtve Erfpe
c rjhj gj c g tnm yfl dctvb gecn s y z v b .
Rjulf pjkjnj Vjä ñskj hfp dt z yj dtnh f v b ,
gjkjåbk chjr, rjulf kçlb Ct dt h yjq Ifvñfks
g h b len cjñ b h fnm Vjä bveotcn dj .
Njulf pf ujnjdbn Vjq yfhjl vtirb lkz ñjufn-
cn df, b rf å ljve lfv cghfdtl k b deç ljk ç ≥ .
≤ Vjå yj yfqnb gtcjr pjkjnjq, vjå yj yfqnb
l h f ujwt y y s t rf v y b , yj b cn b y yjt ñjufncn dj g h b-
l ä n kbim c kçl mvb Ct dt h yjq Ifvñfks, rjul f
ghblän dhtvz gj c kfnm bø.
Nfr pfgjdtl f ç ≥ .
G h b øjlzobq Vf q nhtz bpjñ h f åf tncz cj cgeot y-
ysvb yjuf v b _ c b v djk cgtiyj cn b .
Z dktybt Vf q nhtb crfpf yj gj c kt djqy, yj gj-
c ktlybt djqys ñelen pf Bcn b y yjt Ex t y b t .
1 2 1
Ghbxäv rfålsq dj ccnfdibq ghjnbd Ifvñfks
ñeltn gjh f åäy dj dctø ltkfø cdjbø. B djkys ñelen
c v s dfnm ljv tuj, b lfåt gäc yt ghblän yf pjd tuj .
Yt nexb, yj vjkybb ñeltn dbltnm jy d gj c ktl y ç ç
yjxm. B Rhfcysq Dtcnybr dcnf y tn yf cnjkñf ø
C dtnf .
Extybt erfp s df tn, rfr rfålsq djby Ifvñfks
y f h tx ä ncz ytgjñtl b v s v .
Cfv Dkf l s rf cgtibn, b pyfvz Tuj eåt yfl
ujh f v b !
Ñkf uj c kjdtyysq Ñellf gj c skf tn dfv kçñ b vjuj
Vf q nhtç, xnjñs ds vjukb ghbñkbpbnmcz r Jñob-
yt. Dfib gfcn ñ b of ghjnz yencz yf Pfgjdtl f y yeç
ptv k ç .
Rjulf ds cnt h tåä nt cnflf, yt cks i b nt kb ujkj cf
d rfvyzø? Ãnj hfñjnybrb Vf q nhtb ujnjdzn lkz df c
cjr h jd b of .
Rjulf dtnth cdbcnbn d rjd skt, gjy b vf tnt kb, xnj
ãnj cnh tks Vf q nhtb ktnzn yf pf o b ne ?
Rjulf vjkybz jpf hz tn dfib ekecs, pyftnt kb ds,
x nj ãnj cdtn df i t uj åtkf y yjuj Vf q nh t b ?
1 2 2
Rjve åt gjhex f tncz cnh f åf d gthdeç yjx m ? _
D f v !
R rjve åt yfg h f dk z çncz Vjb gj c kf y y s t ?_
R df v !
Rnj dcnh tnbn bø gthdsvb?_ D s !
C pfgflf, c ujh ghblen Vjb kçlb. Rnj åt ghb-
vtn bø b cjøhfybn bø?_ D s !
Vjk b nt Nf he gjñsnm c dfvb. Åtkf q nt ct hl wf
jvsnm lj ghbøjlf Vjt uj .
Rfålsq epyfdibq j Vjäv åtkfybb gjr h jtn
i fg re rhfcysv dt højv b jñthyän yfkjñybr epl s
r h f c yjç ntc mvjç .
C vjnh b nt ghbcnfk myj yf rjk mwf ghbøjl z o b ø .
Nfv, ult Vjz xfif, nfv dfit cgfct y b t .
Yf ujhfø pf å ukbcm juyb, ghbøjlbn yjdsq ujl .
Rnj ghjcgbn, njn ñjk mit yt ghjcyänc z .
Ct dthyfz Ifvñfkf blän!
Vs yt pyftv cnh f øf. Vs yt pyftv ey s y b z .
Ler rfh vyjujjrfz b vyjujherfz gj c skf tn yfv
x b cnst vsckb.
Gjlevf q nt xbcnsvb vsckzvb, gjlevf q nt cdtn-
ksvb vsckzvb!
1 2 3
Hfp, ldf, nhb, dbåe nhb yfhjl f .
Hfp, ldf, nhb, dbåe nhb rybub: gthdeç _
Cf vjuj Ñkf uj c kjdt y yjuj, dnjheç _ z dkt y yeç Fi-
df u øjitç, nh tn mç _ z dkt y yeç Wjy r øfgjç .
Hfp, ldf, nhb, dbåe nhb rybub Ghbøjlf Vf q nh t b .
Gt h dfz yfg b cfyf yf Pfg f lt, dnjhfz yfg b cfyf yf
D j cnjrt, nh tn mz yfg b cfyf yf Ct dt h t .
Hfp , l df , nh b , d b åe nh b z dkt y b z . Gt h djt c vtxjv ,
dnjh jt c pf rjyjv, nh tnmt cj cdtnjv .
Hfp, ldf, nhb, dbåe nhb rjyz. Gthdsq xähysq,
dnjh jq rhfcysq, nh tnbq ñtks q .
Hfp, ldf, nhb, dbåe nhb rjh f ñkz. Gthdsq yf
djlt, dnjh jq gjl djljç, nh tnbq yfl ptv k ä ç .
Hfp, ldf, nhb, dbåe nhb jhkf. Jlby cblzobq yf
rfvyt, dnjh jq rkççobq ljñ s xe, nh tnbq ktnz o b q
r cjk y we.
Hfp, ldf, nhb, dbåe boeobø cdtn. Kex rhfcysq,
kex cbybq, kex ñtks q - ct h tñ hz y s q .
En dt hålfç, xnj Extybt dsikj bp Ñjl ø b -Ufz
b dt h y ä ncz nel f .
Rjul f i tcn d b t c B pjñ h f åt y b tv I f vñfks gjq l ä n
gj ptvkzv Ñells b dt h y ä ncz r Gt h djb cnjx y b re,
1 2 4
njulf yfcnegbn dhtvz ghjb p y tctybz cdz ot y yjuj
c kjdf I f vñfkf.
Njulf vjå yj gjkexbnm gjk m pe jn ghjb p y tct y b z
ãnjuj ckjdf. Njulf vsckm j Ifvñfkt lfcn gboe.
Njulf en dt hå ltybt Ifvñfks cnf y tn yfx fkjv
dctø lt q cndbq b pf rjy x b ncz ñkf ujl f h yj cn mç Ifv-
ñfkt .
D tk b rjt b vfkjt ghjy b r y tncz gjy z n b tv Ex t y b z .
C dz otyyfz Ifvñfkf bpjñ h f åf tncz chtlb vtx t q
b rjgbq d ytgjñtl b vjv lj c g tøt .
Njhåtcn dt y yj en dt hå l f ç _ y t gjñtl b vf Ifv-
ñfkf !
P f dt h i b kcz rheu ytctybz Bpjñ h f åtybz! D vtc-
nfø Ñells, d vtcnfø Vf q nhtb ghjy tct yj Bpjñ h f-
åtybt. ≤Rfkf u b z ≥ _ g h jb p y tct yj. Rfr pyfvz hfp-
dt h yekjcm Bpjñ h f åt y b t !
C rfpf y yjt nfr åt dt h yj, rfr gjl rf v y tv Uevf
ktåbn ghjh jx tcn dj j Cdz ot y yjq Ifvñfkt .
J ñjqlän pyfvz Ifvñfks chtlbyyst ptvkb Ñkf-
uj c kjdt y yjuj. Ghbpyfdibt tuj djp h f leçncz, b
cjl h ju yencz jn dt h u i b t .
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Cghjcbn Nf i b -kf vf Dtk b rjuj Lfkf q -kf ve: ≤Xnj
ceå lt yj gj c ktl y tve Lfkf q -kf vt ? ≥
≤ J n dt h u yedibq ñeltn ghtlfy cele b pf ñ dt y b ç ,
b gjqlän djb y cn dj gjl pyfvt y tv Vf q nhtb, b
cnf y tn ujh jl Køf cf jv h fxäyysv b gecn s v .
D j ccnfdibt ghjnbd Ifvñfks ybpdt h u yen s
ñelen.
Rfr rhjdm, jntxän pyfvz Vf q nhtb ptvkb Yjdjuj
Vbhf lkz pfntvyäyysø, b rfr rhfcyjt cjk y wt _
lkz gjy z d i b ø ! ≥
Yfqlän Nf i b -kf vf Dtk b rjuj Lfkf q -kf ve, b crf-
åtn Lfkf q -kf vf: ≤Gjikç ntñt kexibq pyfr vjq
vjkybb, blb b ghbvb Nb ñtn. Rjk mwj cjø h f y b n ! ≥
1 2 6
J ukf dk t y b t
Cnh f y b wf cj r h jdtyyjq bcnj hbb
D kflsrb Ñe l l s
Y fx fkj gen b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
P f dt ofyysq Vf q nh t z . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Eøjl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
P f dtn s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
B pñhfybt yf gjl d b u . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3
K çñ b vfz buhf Ñells c ex t y b rf v b . . . . . . . . . . . 14
J c yjdf Ex t y b z . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
J n rfp jn cjñcn dt y yj cn b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
J ceå ltybt bpedt h jd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Nhb Fhøfnf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
G f cneø b cf y y mz c b y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 0
G h jl f dtw jñtp mz y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Ghbnxf j djg h ji f d i tv . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2
Rjktcj Pfrjy f . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 3
Xt hnf ytjñøjl b vj cn b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 5
Bc rfntkm Ñel l s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 6
Gjp y f d i b q . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 7
C g f ctybt xtkjdt rf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 8
Ghbnxf j wfht Vf h f ujh f . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 9
Y f cnf dktybz ghfdbntkç Hf l åf u h b ø b . . . . . . . . . . 31
1 2 7
Bp åbpyb Øhb cnf
P dtpl f . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 4
Øjå ltybt Øhbcnf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 7
G h b øjl Øhbcnf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 9
Pyfrb Øhbcnf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Hf cc rfp Vfhbb Vf ul fk b y s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
R y b å y b r b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 5
D jghjcs Cbytl h bjy f . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 7
Ukfpf _ jnrhsnst hfys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 8
V fnthm Vbhf
Vfnthm Vbhf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 0
Cbzybt Vfnthb Vbhf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
G h b rfp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 2
Buhf Vfnthb Vbhf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 4
Juytyysq obn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 5
G kf vtyysq gkfn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 6
F g jkkjybq Nb f y cr b q
Gj ct ot y b t F gjk kjy b tv Nb f y c r b v ct dt h f B y l b b . . 5 8
Eøjl Fgjk kjybz Nb f y c rjuj . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
1 2 8
Bp åbpyb Cthubz Hf lj y tåcrj uj
G h jdjp dtcnbt Dkf l s x b w s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 4
Y f cnf dktybz Ct h u b z . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 5
Nhels Ct h u b z . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 6
G h tl d b ltybt Ct h u b z . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 7
Fr ñfh Dtkb r b q
Ct h tñ hzysq Dtcn y b r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 9
Gjvjom Ytñf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Gjk rjdjl w s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
D h f u b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Dblbvsq ytdblbvj . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
C rfp f y b z
Rj c vjujy b x tc rfz crfp rf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
Gj c kfytw Cdtnf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 0
Ctvm ckeu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
J g kjn dt h yj cn b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 2
Gjx b nfybt Ex b ntk z . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 3
V b kf h t g f . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
J n i tk my b r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 5
Ñ fneh Ñfrif . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 7
1 2 9
Ñ tkfz Ujh f . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 9
C nh tks vsckt q . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 0
Vsckm vbhf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Bcnjxybr nt h g t y b z . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 2
Ø h f y b ntkm ctvb Dhfn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 3
G kf vt y y s q . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 5
Lfh Nmv s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 6
D jp y f u h f å lt y b t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 7
L df Gbnh b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 8
Ryzpm Vbhf ct uj
K ç w b at h . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 0
P jk j nj b Nm v f
P jkjnj . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 6
Nmvf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 8
Kt ut y lf j Rf v y t
Kt utylf j Rf v y t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
G h j h jx tcn df j Ifvñfkt b Vfqnh tt
G h jh jx tcn df j Ifvñfkt b Vf q nh tt . . . . . . . . . . 12 0
1 3 0
Jn htl f r w b b
à nf rybuf kt utyl, crfpfybq b ghjh jx tcnd (Bp åbpyb Ñel l s ,
Ø h b cnf, Fgjk kjybz Nb f y c rjuj, Cthubz Hf ljy tåc rjuj; Vfnt h m
Vbhf; J Ifvñfkt b Vf q nh tt; J Rfvyt b lh.), rjnjhst ñsk b
cjñhfys Tkt yjq B df yjd yjq Ht h b ø d 19 23 –1928 ujlfø. Pfg b c b
g h jb p djlbkbcm gj ghtbveotcn de d Bylbb, f nf r åt dj dhtv z
Wt y nh fk myjfp b fnc rjq ãrc g tlbwbb Ht h b øf (19 25 –19 2 8 ) .
D rybut ghbjn r h s df çncz cjr h jdtyyst cnhfybws åbpyb
D tkbrbø Ex b ntktq xtkjdtx tcn df, gj ñjk mitq xfcnb ybult yt
pfg b cfyyst, yj yfläåyj cjøhfyäyyst ecn yjq nhflbwbtq Djc-
njrf. Vyjubt bp ãnbø ghtlfybq b rhbgnjuhfvv dcnh tx f çncz
d gthdsø rybufø Extybz Fuyb-Qjub bkb Åbdjq Ãnbrb.
Ghb gjl ujnjd rt 3-uj bplfybz bcgjk m pjdfys dct lj cneg y s t
f høbdyst vfnt h b fks T. B . Ht h b ø. Yf jcyjdt herjg b ctq dj c-
cnf yjdkty hzl ghjgec rjd, ljgeotyysø d gthdjv bpl f y b b
(Gfhbå, 1929), b ljñf dktys ytrjnjhst ahfuvtyns, dji tl i b t
d fyukbqcrbq gthtdjl (ò. ≠º ∆ Õ ÷ -î∆ … º ∆ ” ¬ . † Õ ë º ’ ÷ ¬ ” Õ â” Œ ’ ’ ” Œ º ¿ ’ .
û π , 19 3 0 ; 2 - t b pl . _ 1992).
Gct dljybv (Å.Ct y n -B kth), lfyysq gj nh tñjdfybç gfhbå-
c rjuj bpl fntkz, jgeoty, b rybuf dsøjlbn ñtp bvtyb fdnjhf _
nfr, rfr ghtl gjkf ufkjcm dyfx fkt .
D rybue drk çxtys ljgjkytybz b enjxytybz, cltkf y y s t
T .B . Hthbø lkz gj c ktleçobø bplfybq, yj lj cbø gjh yt geñ-
k b rjdf d i b tc z .
1 3 1