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Ç vq\J_, �� &#$&%L"

K/ L,6,-, M#6'+#

IJKµLJMNMOM, PQMRSLT, OUJ VWXLJ YµZJ V[\ OUJ µW]^LJ. (_ `$.. 2,9)

µnsµ�niË� ()B./%L

¥fi\]�� voc. pl. *2$%L'

Ç ~m��, �� %2D@

§µzn =!. .$N

Ç µm�w��, �� &%2$@$./"

K/ C,-,$"E9'%):

��Z�wgn�� a�~ail ~ZÒ µiaÙ am~�n �d\ln µgnil �Z�wgn��.

(?"@$+". -)&42"&.K6 4 ,+$&$)

23

��d�� cÙ� Î� [nw�� ~ZÒ �Íq� Î� ]l\dnw��

(A%2".' 5"+/4)6 !'%./RK, ('%K6 $.%/Q).)

§ �Z�wgn��, �� >"-$ �d�� &%2$@$%L

a�~a� 2)P@$%L Î� 4$4

µiaÙ + acc. ()&+" Ç [nw��, �� #"+)-"4

Ç am~��, �� 2)P@"./" �Íq� &($&$%L

�d\ln &.)-$! Ç ]l\dnw��, �� #"+)-"4)+0*"R

µgn� (2"*K-$%L, )&%$-$%L&'

823#9%'%):

I. !2)&4+).'6%": Ç \mc��, Ç ng�� mn��. !$@"P.K" Q)2BK ("-

2"-"@/%".

II. !2)&(2',$6%" ,+$,)+ ]g�� - /JÖ'-/%"+L.)B .$4+).".//, $

,+$,)+ µZnwdn� - ()-"+/%"+L.)B. !)+D#"..K" Q)2BK ("2"-"-

@/%".

III. !"2"(/N/%" / ("2"-"@/%": W. �g�� a»n �mn�n. 2. ��ai�i aº a�� ]�\�� \mc¡. 3. ��\�� ]�\�n �Zlfi�ga�. 4. ��Ì i� µZn-

wdniln. 5. �mn�� µÌ ]i�cmna�n. 6. �·~ i� �ZlfiËil� a»n ]�-\�n. 7. ��\�l ]�\�l� �l�ai�mna�n. 8. Ø a�� ]�\�� \mc�� \\d-

~l� ¢\_�n ]g�il. 9. hy ]�\�� ³�iai, �l�aiËiai a�� ]�\�l�. W0.

�g�i ¥iÒ a�Õ� a�� ]�\�� mn��.

24

2"?) 2

?DC"&%-/%"+L.K" II &4+)."./':

ci��cm�. Imperfectum activi &) &+)-

,)-KB (2/2$C"./"B; tn, t�Zn.

Genetivus - QD.4R// ."&),+$&)-$..),) )(2"@"+"./' ((2)@)+P.). Dativus possessivus. ?DC"&%-/%"+L.K" *"J $2%/4+' 4$4 /B"..$' #$&%L &4$JD"-B),). Y·am� = ipse; Z·a�� / %.@. = eius / %.@. !2"@+),/ ¦n, iy�, ¦~.

$5F9F8 4VAFD8DC8. Oxytona

?DC"&%-/%"+L.K" & )&%2KB D@$2"./"B .$ ("2-)B &+)," )%

4).R$ (oxytona) - 2)@/%"+L.)B / @$%"+L.)B ($@"P$3 "@. / B.. #.

/B"0% (()@)*.) $2%/4+0) )*+"#"..)" D@$2"./". 5 4$#"&%-" )*-

2$JR$ 2$&&B)%2/B &4+)."./" &DC"&%-/%"+L.),) ci��cm� =$5-

+$!$+$#:


Nominativus Ç ci��cm� �¨ ci��c��

Genetivus a�� ci��c�� azn ci��czn

Dativus aº ci��cº a�� ci��c��

Accusativus a»n ci��cmn a�Õ� ci��c�Ë�

Vocativus (�) ci��cg (�)! ci��c��!

*Y8D3 79CA3G358A6DE8 :5F9FGF 4VAFD8DC;

5 ,2"#"&4)B 'JK4" "&%L (2/+$,$%"+L.K" I-II &4+., I-III &4+., II

&4+. / III &4+.

!2/+$,$%"+L.K" ( " 2 - ) , ) � - % ) 2 ) , ) & 4 + ) . " . / ' �

T%) (2/+$,$%"+L.K" 3 - 3 ) 4 ) . # $ . / 6 . :3 &+)-$2.$' Q)2B$

&+"@D0C$': ¥cZwm�, ¥cZw¯, ¥cZwmn � /"4"A)7, /"4"A(?, /"4"-

A$$. =DP&4)6 / &2"@./6 2)@ &4+).'0%&' () -%)2)BD, $ P".-

&4/6 () ("2-)BD &4+)."./0.

I (2/+$,$%"+L.KB - % ) 2 ) , ) & 4 + ) . " . / ' )%.)&'%&'

(2/+$,$%"+L.K", /B"0C/" )*CD0 Q)2BD @+' BDP&4),) / P".-

25

&4),) 2)@$ .$ -�� / Q)2BD &2"@.",) 2)@$ .$ -�n. H./ .$JK-$0%-

&' (2/+$,$%"+L.KB/ 2 - 3 ) 4 ) . # $ . / 6 . ×)+LN/.&%-) /J ./3

'-+'0%&' &+)P.KB/ /+/ &)@"2P$% (2/&%$-4D. :3 &+)-$2.$'

Q)2B$ &+"@D0C$': [fl~��, [fl~�n %$D4(9$!%E7((?), %$D4(9$!%"$; ~Z��]m�� D+"!"%".%E7((?), D+"!"%".%"$; ]�mnlµ��, ]�mnlµ�n

G+(,"4(=05%E7((?), G+(,"4(=05%"$.

=DP&4)6 / &2"@./6 2)@ (2/+$,$%"+L.K3 I-II &4+. / -&" %2/

2)@$ (2/+$,$%"+L.K3 II &4+. &4+).'0%&' %)#.) %$4 P", 4$4 &))%-

-"%&%-D0C/" /B () %/(D D@$2"./' &DC"&%-/%"+L.K" II &4+.

(.$(2/B"2, Æ\�c�� 5(+E7 &4+).'"%&' 4$4 ]�\��, $ ¥cZwm� /"4"-

A)7 4$4 ci��cm� / %.@.).

Imperfectum (M-augmentum)

KN2'3*'1+. BCD)' $6'5'%):

:B("2Q"4% � (2)N"@N"" (/&%)2/#"&4)") -2"B', )*)J.$-

#$0C"" ."J$4).#"..)" @"6&%-/" - (2)N+)B. H.) )*2$JD"%&' )%

)&.)-K .$&%)'C",) -2"B"./ & ()B)CL0 -%)2/#.K3 )4).#$./6.

V%/ )4).#$./' -B"&%" & &)"@/./%"+L.KB/ ,+$&.KB/ )*2$JD0%

&+"@D0C/6 .$*)2 - % ) 2 / # . K 3 ) 4 ) . # $ . / 6 $ 4 % / - . ) , )

J $ + ) , $ :


W -�-n -�-µin

2 -i-� -i-ai

3 -i(n)W -�-n

O3)3#D'%)'

!2/ )*2$J)-$.// /B("2Q"4%$ 42)B" )4).#$./6 /&()+LJD-

"%&' %$4P" ( 2 / 2 $C " . / " (augmentum). 5 @$..)B D2)4" BK

2$&&B)%2/B & + ) , ) - ) " ( 2 / 2 $C " . / " (augmentum sylla-

bicum, /+/ i-augmentum). ?+),)-)" (2/2$C"./" &%$-/%&' ("-

2"@ )&.)-)6, .$#/.$0C"6&' & &),+$&.),):

�ZlfiË� � ¦�Z�fi��n.

W O$4 .$JK-$"B)" n (2/&%$-.)", @)*$-+'"B)", 4),@$ &+"@D0C""

&+)-) .$#/.$"%&' & ,+$&.),).

26

Imperfectum activi (augmentum syllabicum)

<$&&B)%2/B &(2'P"./" ,+$,)+$ �ZlfiË� - imperfectum activi:

Singularis Pluralis

W ¦-�Z�fi�-�n ? 9".D)&E9(+ ¦-�ZlfiË-�-µin 5E 9".D)&E9(+)

2 ¦-�Z�fi�-i� &E 9".D)&E9(+ ¦-�ZlfiË-i-ai 9E 9".D)&E9(+)

3 ¦-�Z�fi�-i(n) "% 9".D)&E9(+ ¦-�Z�fi�-�n "%) 9".D)&E9(+)

NB O$4 4$4 - Q)2B$3 W, 2, 3 +/R$ "@. #. / 3 +/R$ B.. #. ()&+"@./6 &+),

42$%)4, $ D@$2"./" - +/#.K3 Q)2B$3 ,+$,)+$ &%2"B/%&' 4 .$#$+D &+)-$,

%) ).) J@"&L ("2"N+) .$ %2"%/6 &+), )% 4).R$. 5 Q)2B$3 W / 2 +/R$

B.. #. D@$2"./" &%)/% .$ 3 &+)," )% 4).R$.

723:9'%)' -"#-,"# wE56 6 impf.


W tn tµin

2 t�wZ tai

3 tn t�Zn

7)%+#1$)$

W. H(2"@"+"./" B)P"% &%)'%L / ()&+" )(2"@"+'"B),) &+)-$, .)

%),@$ ("2"@ ./B @)+P". ( ) - % ) 2 ' % L & ' $2%/4+L ($%2/*D%/--

.$' ()J/R/'):

Ç _�� x Zyg pMHipyg = Ç azn ci��czn _�� C)=%B =$5+$-

!$+B#$9.

2. >$%"+L.K6 ($@"P B)P"% -K2$P$%L (2/.$@+"P.)&%L (dativus

possessivus):

ZJz_ sMJz_ {rKg nZ�� G",) )5$+) /4(5E (*D4-. 0 G","9 GE+)

/4(5E, +$%. deis erant templa).

3. <)@/%"+L.K6 ($@"P B)P"% D4$JK-$%L .$ -K@"+"./" #$&%/ /J

R"+),) (2)@/%"+L.K6 2$J@"+/%"+L.K6 � genetivus partitivus):

��\\�Ò µÛn azn wizn 5%",)$ )= G","9.

4. !"2"@ /B"."B, .$3)@'C/B&' - &)&%$-" &4$JD"B),), $2%/4+L

." &%$-/%&':

Ç Þ�Z~\`� {g k]qJ_ azn ci��czn a$4('+ GE+ !40,"5 =$5-

+$!$+B#$9.

27

5. H(2"@"+/%"+L.)" B"&%)/B"./" Z·am� .(5 /JB".'"%&' %)P"

() II &4+)."./0. 5 4)&-"..K3 ($@"P$3 ).) B)P"% -K()+.'%L

QD.4R// B"&%)/B"./' 3 +/R$:

piÕ� Z·am� .(5 ;$9., .)

Ç _�� Z·a�� $," C)=%B.

6. !2"@+), ¦n 9 (,!$?) D()%2"*+'"%&' %)+L4) & @$%"+L.KB ($@"-

P)B:

Qg Z| �·�Zn| 9 %$G$ (+$%. in caelo).

7. !2"@+), iy� 9 ('0!(?) D()%2"*+'"%&' %)+L4) & -/./%"+L.KB

($@"P)B:

Mh_ Zfg �·�Znng 9 %$G" (+$%. in caelum).

8. !2"@+), ¦~ )=, "& (+$%. ex) D()%2"*+'"%&' %)+L4) & 2)@/-

%"+L.KB ($@"P)B:

³\�in Qd ��\\yg �mnHg ".9"G"C!(+ "& 5%",)/ &40!"9. !"2"@ ,+$&.KB (2"@+), (2/./B$"% -/@ ¦�:

Q} ¥c�J[ )= D"+?.

9. ?2$-./%"+L.K" (2"@+)P"./' --)@'%&' &)0J)B Î� (Ê��i�):

~_ (�rmMi) ³\ic�n '(' "%) ,"9"4)+) (+$%. ut dicebant).

&893VA<, S9UG j8YA8S8A6�8:

Ø azn Á\\snl~zn wizn ¥�lwµ»� �·~ Æ\�c�� tn. �� Á\\snl-

~�� wi�� t�Zn ~Z\�Ò nZ��. ��\\�Ò µÛn azn wizn ¦_lmai��n, Î�

�¨ ¥�lf�Ò ³\ic�n, ¦n aº �·�Znº, ��\\�Ò fÛ ¦n a�� aZµ�� Ú ¦n

a�� ¥c��. �¨ ci��c�Ò ¦wi�d�i��n a�Õ� wi�Ë�. �¨ cÙ� wi�Ò

a�Õ� ¥c��Õ� ¦]Ë\Zaa�n.

Þ�Z~\`� tn ]�\�� azn ci��czn. Ø _�� Z·a�� µi�a»� tn

��\\zn �mn�n Ê��i� ~ZÒ Ç _�� Ç azn ci��czn. Ø µÛn Þ�Z~-

\`� Z·a�Õ� ³\�in ¦~ ��\\zn �mn�n, �¨ fÛ ci��c�Ò Z·aº ¦��-

ai��n.

±\\Ù piË�, Ç �ZaÌ� Z·a��¾ ��\\�Ë��, ³]s, ��mn�� ³�Z�-

�i�, � �¨g, ¦n aº _�¡. Â_\g��µin, � wi��, a»n ~Z\»n ~ZÒ ¥cZw»n

w�µ»n Z·a��. ��\\d~l� Z·a»n ¦wZ�µdqiai, Ê��i� ~ZÒ ¦cÜ Z·-

a»� ¦wZËµZq�n Z·amn. vnsa»� µÛn tn, n�n fÛ ¥iÒ _l�ai�ga� ¦n aº

µZ~�º �·�Znº�. � }ZÒ piÕ� Z·a»� [cil a»n �¨»n iy� a»n �·�Znmn.

W 1.%/#.K6 ,"2)6, - +$%/.&4)6 %2$@/R// � 8"24D+"&.

28

J'1$)1#

�qqLgIdn_ (¯, mn) ,2"#"&4/6

Ç sMn_, �� ×), (*),) (.4. &$"+",)?,

D"+)&$)=5)

Ç �iIsµn_, �� #/&+) (.4. (4)*-

5$&)'()

�q]pJ_ (s, �n) ."B.),)#/&+".-

.K6, B$+K6 (.4. "+),(4/)? �

9+(.&B %$5%",)/)

tn, t�Zn ). ($, )) *K+ ($, )), )./

*K+/

dKqn_ (¯, mn) 42$&/-K6, (2"-

42$&.K6

Ç gKn_, �� 32$B

mJqqJ] (Z�, d) B.),/"

_l�aiË� (.4. _��) P/%L

Î�, Ê��i� 4$4

Ç �JIan_, �� ("-"R

¦n + dat. (,!$?) -

Ç JìKgn_, �� ."*) (.4. b4(%)

Ç mJZKµn_, �� 2"4$ (.4. 3$."D"-

&(5)?)

Ã /+/

Ç �pin_, �� ()+" (+(&. ager) (.4.

(,4"%"5)

Ç pMHipn_, �� J"B+"@"+"R (.4.

a$"4,)7)

wi�Z�iË� ()#/%$%L; D3$P/-$%L

(.4. &$4(D)?)

]�\daa� &%)2)P/%L, )32$.'%L

(.4. D4"*)+('&)'()

Ç Þ�Z~\`� (Þ�Z~\g��) 8"2$4+

K`Zn_ (¯, m) ). ().$, ).)) (+(&.

is, ille, hic); &$B (&$B$, &$B))

(+(&. ipse) (.4. (9&"5(&, (9&"-

5"G)+B)

µMrZn_ (¯, mn) ()+.K6

\Ë� 2$J-'JK-$%L, )&-)*)P@$%L

(.4. (%(+)=)

¦~, ¦� + gen. /J (& � " 94$5$%)) (+(&.

e, ex)

Ç �Za¯� (�Za�m�) )%"R (+(&. pa-

ter)

³]s ,)-)2/+, &4$J$+ (3 +. "@.#.,

+(&. inquit)

�d�� &%2$@$%L, %"2("%L (+(&.

patior)

Ç N�n_, �� &K.

_\g�� &B)%2"%L

�pKsn_ (¯, mn) @)*2K6, ()2'-

@)#.K6 (.4. c,(*)?)

Ç sNµn_, �� @D3, BDP"&%-) (+(&.

animus)

wZ�µdq� + acc. D@/-+'%L&', -)&-

3/C$%L&'

wnsam� (¯, mn) &B"2%.K6

n�n .K.", &"6#$& (+(&. nunc)

µKdin_ (d, mn) *)+LN)6, @)+-

,/6

[c� -"&%/ (+(&. ag�)

iy� + acc. ('0!(?) -

K/ L,6,-, M#6'+#

dU RLeXWJ, PQMRSLT, ][TfMOM gJ hifTj. (`)+. 3, _)

�k lfemOUn OLo pMLo k gVRMVOWn. (>'. 23, 35)

a» \�l�mn -(2)#"B Ç }Ë�l��, �� 8)&()@L

Ç ¥fi\]m�, �� *2$% Ç ��l�am�, �� ß2/&%)&

�Z�� 2$@)-$%L&'! ¦~\i~am�, ¯, mn /J*2$..K6

29

K/ C,-,$"E9'%):

h·\�csa»� Ç vi»� §µzn �dna�ai, n�n ~ZÒ ¥iÒ� (5)J,+$& -"-

#"2./)

��Ò ��g�il °µn�� aº viº. (!)&+"@)-$./" D%2"./)

i·\�csam� (¯, mn) *+$,)&+)-".-

.K6

�dna�ai -&",@$

�� %"*"

§µzn =!. .$N Ç °µn��, �� ("&.L

823#9%'%):

I. !2)&4+).'6%" ($2$++"+L.): W. Ç _�� / Ç �¨m�. 2. Æ\�c�� ¥�lwµm� / ¥cZw»� ]�\��.

II. !"2"-"@/%": �d��il� � _l�aiË�µin � wi�Z�iËil � ]�\daaiai (2

Q)2BK) � wZ�µdq� � ³\ic�n (2 Q)2BK) � µdnwZni � ¦µdnwZni �

µÌ �Z��mna�n � ³��i�i � ¦]iËciai � �· ]iËciai � µÌ ]iËciai �

�·~ ¥iÒ i� ¦µdnwZni�.

III. H(2"@"+/%" J.$#"./" (2"@+),)- / ("2"-"@/%": ¦n aº ¥c�º �

¦~ azn ��aZµzn � iy� a�Õ� nZ�Ë� � ¦n aº ¥�lwµº aº azn wizn �

¦~ a�� ¥�lwµ�� a�� azn ¥cZwzn ¥�lfzn.

IV. !"2"-"@/%", )*2$C$' -./B$./" .$ J.$#"./" &+)-$ Z·am�:

W. ��\\d~l� �mn�� ³�iai¾ ¥\\Ù ]g�iai Z·a�Ë�. 2. �� wi�� t�Zn ��\\�Ò nZ��¾ �¨ ci��c�Ò ¦wi�d�i��n a�Õ� wi�Õ� ¦n a�� nZ�� Z·azn. 3. �¨ fÛ wi�Ò Z·a�Ò �·~ t�Zn ¦n Z·a��, ¥\\ ¦n

aº �·�Znº.

V. !"2"-"@/%": W. �¨ ng�l wZ�µZqmna�n ~ZÒ wi�Z�i�mna�n a�Õ� ¥cZw�Ë�. 2.à�i ¥iÒ ¥cZw»n w�µmn. 3. Ø ]�\�� Z·a�� tn ¥cZ-

w»� Ê��i� �Za¯�. 4. Ø �ZaÌ� a»n �¨»n ³\�in ¦~ ��\\zn �mn�n.

30

2"?) 3

?DC"&%-/%"+L.K" / (2/+$,$%"+L.K" II &4+)."./': f��\��, [nw��.

Accusativus cum infinitivo (2/ ~i\iË�. Accusativus temporis. !2"@+),/ �i��, [ni�, �Z�d; &)0JK ¦�i�, áal, Ê�ai.

$5F9F8 4VAFD8DC8. Properispomena, proparoxytona.

I) II &4+. )%.)&'%&' %$4P" /B".$ & )*+"#"..KB D@$2"./"B

.$ -%)2)B )% 4).R$ &+)," (properispomena) / & )&%2KB D@$2"./-

"B .$ %2"%L"B )% 4).R$ &+)," (proparoxytona). 9$(2/B"2, f��-

\��, [nw��.

!2/ &4+).".// &+)- %/($ properispomena / proparoxytona -

4)&-"..K3 ($@"P$3 (2)/&3)@'% )(2"@"+"..K" /JB"."./' -

D@$2"./'3. X)2BK 2)@/%"+L.),) / @$%"+L.),) ($@"P"6 "@.#. /

2)@/%"+L.),), @$%"+L.),) / -/./%"+L.),) ($@"P"6 B..#. /B"0%

@)+,/" )4).#$./'. 5 &))%-"%&%-// & )*C/B/ (2$-/+$B/ @2"--

.",2"#"&4),) D@$2"./' - &+)-$3 properispomena - T%/3 Q)2B$3

)*+"#"..)" D@$2"./" B".'"%&' .$ )&%2)", $ - &+)-$3 pro-

paroxytona )&%2)" D@$2"./" ("2"3)@/% .$ -%)2)6 &+), )% 4).R$.

<$&&B)%2/B &4+)."./" &+)- f��\�� 4(G / [nw�� -$+"9$':


Nominativus Ç f��\�� 4(G �¨ f��\�l 4(GE

Genetivus a�� f�Ë\�� 4(G( azn! f�Ë\�n 4(G"9

Dativus aº f�Ë\¡ 4(G0 a�� f�Ë\�l� 4(G(5

Accusativus a»n f��\�n [9)C0]4(G( a�Õ� f�Ë\�� [9)C0]4(G"9

Vocativus (�) f��\i " 4(G! (�)! f��\�l! " 4(GE!


Nominativus Ç [nw�� ¨! [nw��l

Genetivus a�� ¥nw�¼�� azn! ¥nw�¼��n

Dativus aº ¥nw�¼�¡ a�� ¥nw�¼��l�

Accusativus a»n [nw��n a�Õ� ¥nw�¼��

Vocativus (�) [nw��i (�)! [nw��l!

3W

NB 5 W-)B / 2-)B &4+)."./'3 )4).#$./' nom. pl. -�l / -Zl &#/%$0%&' ()

)%.)N"./0 4 D@$2"./0 4 2 $ % 4 / B / .

!2/+$,$%"+L.K" ¥nf�i�� /4(G4E7 / [c�l�� - BDP&4)B 2)@"

&4+).'0%&' $.$+),/#.) &))%-"%&%-D0C/B () %/(D D@$2"./'

&DC"&%-/%"+L.KB.

7)%+#1$)$

W. !2/ ,+$,)+$3 &) J.$#"./"B 9"+$)=q?9+$%)? (2'B)" @)()+."-

./" B)P"% 2$&(2)&%2$.'%L&' /.Q/./%/-)B. O$4)" 2$&(2)&%2$-

."..)" @)()+."./" .$JK-$"%&' )*)2)%)B a c c u s a t i v u s c u m

i n f i n i t i v o / ("2"-)@/%&' .$ 2D&&4/6 'JK4 (2/@$%)#.KB

(2"@+)P"./"B /JÖ'&./%"+L.KB:

~i\iËil Zfg f��\Jg [w\�� mtreMIg "% 9$+)&, -&"GE 4(G

."9$4A(+ (D4$&$4D$9(+) D"!9),).

2. 5/./%"+L.K6 ($@"P B)P"% /B"%L -2"B".."" J.$#"./" / )%-

-"#$%L .$ -)(2)& '(' !"+,"? (a c c u s a t i v u s t e m p o r i s ):

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{| }~f �i}Wn µLi ]fKmOUn V[\ OU SLfOTLJ µLi gR[SfWJ gmOeJ.

(3*. __, 30)

�LVeµ[��O� Q� �J^f�XLn �[iOUJ V[\ L�O�n gV OLo �fOLi gm-

ê�O� V[\ gV OLo XLOKfTLi XeJ�O�� (_ 2"4. __, 28)

Ç q�cm�, �� '2B), /,)

µ�� gen. )% ¦c¼ '

��s�am� (¯, mn) ()+"J.K6, *+$,)6

a» ]��a��n, �� ,2DJ, *2"B'

¦\Z]�m� (d, mn) +",4/6

f�~lµdq� /&(K%K-$%L

äZ�amn acc. sg &$B),) &"*'

Ç [�a��, �� 3+"*

¦�w�� "&%L

a» ��a¯�l�n, �� #$N$

��n� (/%L

40

K/ C,-,$"E9'%):

��Z��i, áal aÙ �·�dnlZ ��nZcd\\iaZl aå cå¾ �Z��i, áal aÙ

¦��cilZ ��c��iËil �·�Zn�� (14$Q/&%, /4)& 4)

�Z��i ¿cl�n æ��, ~ZÒ wi�_dfl�a�n. �Z��i ³µk��i _dai, ~ZÒ

¥~Zad]\i~ai � (?"@$+". -)&42"&.K6 6 ,+$&$)

�·�dnl�� (�n) ."*"&.K6

¢�� ,)2$

��nZcd\\iaZl pers. 3, sg. 2$@D"%-

&' -B"&%"

wi�_dfl�a�� (�n) (2)3)@/BK6

×),)B

aå cå dat. sg. J"B+"

³µk�� (�n) )@DN"-+"..K6

¦��cil�� (�n) J"B.)6

Ç _da��, �� 4)+0#"" 2$&%"./",

4D(/.$

��c��iË� (+'&$%L -B"&%"

¥~Zad]\i~a�� (�n) .")($+/BK6

823#9%'%):

I. !2)&4+).'6%": a» µZ~�»n µgcZ��n; a» µgcl�a�n fz��n.

II. !"2"-"@/%": W. �Ù a�� ]�\�� fz�Z ~Z\Ù ~ZÒ \Zµ��d ¦�aln. 2. �Ù ³�cZ aÙ azn ��µµd��n ¥nf�i�Z ~ZÒ wZ�µd�ld ¦�aln. 3.

�º �\��¡ ci��cº ��\\�Ò aZ�� iy�ln. 4. Þ�Z~\`� ��\\d ai ~ZÒ filnÙ ³��Zaain. 5. ¸c�lZ ws��Z ��aÛ a�Õ� azn ci��czn ¥c��Õ� ³_\Z�ain. 6. �mµ�� azn wizn a�Õ� ni~��Õ� ¦~g\i�in iy� a»n �d�aZ��n ~ZaZ_Z�niln. 7. Þ�Z~\`� �· a»n }g�_i��n ]iËcil, ¥\\Ù a» ]�_i�»n ws��n ¦~ a�� Z�ad�� ¥nZ]g�il. 8.

Ø µgcl�a�� wim�, áai aÙ a�� ¨�� ³�cZ _\g�il, Z·a»n wZ�µdqil. 9. �°a� flÙ aÙ ~Z\Ù ³�cZ Ç ¥nf�i�� iy� a»n �·�Zn»n ¥nZ_Z�nil.

4W

2"?) 5

!$&&/-.K6 J$+),: indicativus / infiniti-vus praesentis.

!2/@$%)#.K" (2"@+)P"./' (áal, Î�, ac-cusativus cum infinitivo). :.Q/./%/- (2/ ,+$,)+$3 %/($ ��a�g��. Dati-vus mensurae. !2"@+), ç�m + genetivus

Praesens indicativi passivi

5 ,2"#"&4)B 'JK4" -"&LB$ 2$&(2)&%2$.". ( $ & & / - . K 6

(&%2$@$%"+L.K6) J$+),. >+' )*2$J)-$./' .$&%)'C",) -2"B"./

&%2$@$%"+L.),) J$+),$ /JÖ'-/%"+L.),) .$4+)."./' /&()+LJD-

0%&' )&.)-$ .$&%)'C",) -2"B"./ / ( " 2 - / # . K " B " @ / ) -

( $ & & / - . K " ) 4 ) . # $ . / ' W & &))%-"%&%-D0C/B/ &)"@/./-

%"+L.KB/ ,+$&.KB/. !2/ &)"@/.".// %"B$%/#"&4/3 ,+$&.K3 /

)4).#$./6 )*2$JD"%&' &+"@D0C/6 .$*)2 (2$4%/#"&4/3 ( " 2 -

- / # . K 3 B " @ / ) ( $ & & / - . K 3 ) 4 ) . # $ . / 6 :


W -�-µZl -m-µiwZ

2 - (-il)2 -i-�wi

3 -i-aZl -�-naZl

<$&&B)%2/B &(2'P"./" ,+$,)+$ �ZlfiË� - praesens indicati-

vi passivi:

Singularis Pluralis

W �ZlfiË-�-µZl ? 9".D)&E9(F.B �Zlfi�-m-µiwZ 5E 9".D)&E9($5.?

2 �ZlfiË- &E 9".D)&E9($AB.? �ZlfiË-i-�wi 9E 9".D)&E9($&$.B

3 �ZlfiË-i-aZl "% 9".D)&E9($&.? �ZlfiË-�-naZl "%) 9".D)&E9(F&.?

W O$4/":


W -µZl -µiwZ

2 -�Zl -�wi

3 -aZl -naZl

2 :J -i-�Zl. ="P@D ,+$&.KB/ � -K($@$"%, $ ,+$&.K" &+/-$0%&'.

42

Infinitivus praesentis passivi

:.Q/./%/- .$&%)'C",) -2"B"./ ($&&/-.),) J$+),$ )*2$JD-

"%&' (2/*$-+"./"B )4).#$./' -�wZl & ()B)CL0 &)"@/./%"+L-

.),) ,+$&.),) -i- 4 )&.)-" .$&%)'C",) -2"B"./: �ZlfiË-i-�wZl

9".D)&E9(&B.?.

7)%+#1$)$

W. !2/@$%)#.K" /JÖ' &./%"+ L.K" (2"@+)P"./' --)@'%&'

&)0J$B/ áal, Î�:

n�µ�q��ln (\gc��ln), �ZI (~_) fsµl��cm� QrZI azn ¥nw�¼-

��n .-)&(F& (,"9"4?&), -&" "% &9"4$# +F!$7.

2. H*)2)% a c c u s a t i v u s c u m i n f i n i t i v o (&B. D2)4 3) D()%-

2"*+'"%&' %$4P" (2/ ,+$,)+$3 &) J.$#"./"B ,"9"4)&B, D"+(,(&B

(dicendi, putandi) / ("2"-)@/%&' .$ 2D&&4/6 'JK4 (2/@$%)#.KB

/JÖ'&./%"+L.KB:

n�µ�q��ln (\gc��ln) K`Zng M�gKI aLµIJNipfg azn ¥nw�¼-

��n .-)&(F& (,"9"4?&), -&" "% &9"4$# +F!$7.

3. !2/ ,+$,)+$3 &) J.$#"./"B &4$G"9(%)?, D4)%0C!$%)?, 4$4 / -

2D&&4)B 'JK4", D()%2"*+'"%&' /.Q/./%/- :

miJZilmJµKI a�Õ� ¥nw�¼�� kNqtZZMIg 5$%? D4)%0C!(-

F& "/4(%?&B +F!$7.

4. >$%"+L.K6 ($@"P (2/ &2$-./%"+L.)6 &%"("./ (2/+$,$%"+L-

.K3 / .$2"#/6, (2/ )*)2)%$3 &) J.$#"./"B &2$-."./' /B""%

J.$#"./" B"2K (dativus mensurae) / )%-"#$"% .$ -)(2)& %(.'"+B'"?:

��\\Jz_ fÛ ¦nlZ�aJz_ °�ai��n %( 5%"," +$& D"=C$.

5. !2/ ,+$,)+" - ($&&/-.)B J$+)," @"6&%-D0C"" +/R) -K2$-

P$"%&' 2)@/%"+L.KB ($@"P)B & (2"@+),)B ç�m (genetivus

auctoris):

\gciZKI �mf Zyg ¥�lfyg ,"9"4)&.? D$9#(5), D$9#E ,"9"4?&

(+$%. a po�tis, R"24)-.)&+. "&q D$9#$9q).

R9FY858�

±cZw»� ]�\�� tn a�� ¥nw�¼��l� ~ZÒ Ç ��µswiË�. �i�Ò Z·-

a�� \gciaZl ç�» azn ¥�lfzn, Î� fsµl��cm� ¦�al azn ai ¥nw�¼-

��n ~ZÒ [\\�n qÍ�n. �¨ ±wsnZ��l n�µ�q��ln Z·a»n a�� ¥n-

43

w�¼��l� \Zµ��Ù fz�Z �Z�g�iln. �gcl�a�n fÛ fz��n tn a»

��W.

à\ici cÙ� ��µswiË�¾ �· f�~Zlmn ¦�al a»n azn ¥nw�¼��n

_��n ¥iÒ iµnZl ~Z~mn. èµi�� µÛn cd�, � [nw��l, ¥nZc~dqi�wi

¦n ��s\Z��l� _l�aiËiln¾ §µi�� fg, �¨ wi��, _�¡ µZ~Z��¡ ai��mµi-

wZ. è�» azn µÛn [\\�n wizn �¨ [nw��l �é�� ]�\daa�naZl.

±\\ ¦cÜ ��a�g��µZl a�Õ� ¥nw�¼�� ³al µÐ\\�n ]�\daailn Ú

��mai��n.

��µswiÕ� ��n ¦�wZ��iaZl ç�» azn wizn, ~ZÒ piÕ� ~i\iËil

Z·a»n ��»� a»n }ZË~Z��n fi�µiËi�wZl. �gcil ��»� Z·amn¾ �Õ

n�n ~�\dq , áal a»n µgcl�a�n wi»n ¥alµdqil�. ��Ì fÛ �°a�� ¥iÒ

~�\dqi�wZl a�Õ� ~Z~�Ë�. à�ilaZ piÕ� a»n ¥ia»n �gµ�il ��»�

a»n ¦�w�mn. è�» fÛ a�� ¥ia�� a» ê�Z�2 Z·a�� ¦�w�iaZl. �Ë~a��

fÛ �d\ln Z·�dniaZl.

��\\�� fÛ ¦nlZ�a�� °�ai��n Ç Þ�Z~\`� �Íqil a»n azn ¥n-

w�¼��n ]�\�n ~ZÒ ]�niËil a»n ¥iamn. ��µswiÕ� fÛ ~ZÒ piÕ�

��nZ\\daa�naZl.

J'1$)1#

ç�m + gen. -K2$P$"% @"6&%-D0-

C"" +/R) (2/ ($&&/-.)B J$-

+)," (+$%. a, ab; R"24)-.)&+. "&)

Î� (&2. áal) #%)

Ç fsµl��cm�, �� %-)2"R

a» qº�n, �� P/-)%.)" (.4. =""+",)?)

Ç ±wsnZ��, �� $Q/.'./.;

$Q/.&4/6

n�µ�q� &#/%$%L, ()+$,$%L

f�~Zl�� (Ô, �n) &(2$-"@+/-K6

($', )") (2$-"@.K6 ($', )")

iµnZl /.Q/./%/- ,+$,)+$ GE&B

(+$%. esse)

~Z~m� (¯, mn) (+)3)6, J+)6

çµi�� -K

¥nZc~dq� (2/.DP@$%L

a» ��¯\Zl�n, �� ("C"2$

§µi�� BK

µZ~d�l�� (Ó, �n) &#$&%+/-K6

ag�� 2$@)-$%L

�é��, µ¯�� "C" ."

a�g�� ()-)2$#/-$%L (.4. &4"D)'))

��-a�g�� ()*DP@$%L, &4+)-

.'%L, ())C2'%L

¦�wZ�� .".$-/@"%L

Ç }ZË~Z��, �� I$-4$J

fi�µiË� &-'JK-$%L, &4)-K-$%L

~�\dq� .$4$JK-$%L

¥-alµdq� *"&#"&%/%L, ." ()#/-

%$%L

³�ilaZ J$%"B, ()%)B

Ç ¥iam�, �� )2"+

W ),).L 2 ("#".L

44

�gµ�� ()&K+$%L

Ç ¦�w�m�, �� (&2. ¦�wZ��) -2$,,

-2$P@"*.K6

¦�w�� "&%L

nË~a�� .)#L0 (+$%. noctu)

Z·�dn� D-"+/#/-$%L (+$%.

augeo)

°�ai��n ()J@.""

]�niË� D*/-$%L

��nZ\\daa� (2/B/2'%L

K/ L,6,-, M#6'+#

diSRL\ PJ[�R�XLimeJ, ]�RL\ XMfeX[OLomeJ (XMfeX[O�LimeJ),

RMXfL\ V[^[fT�LJO[e V[\ V�SL\ PVLNLimeJ, JMVfL\ g}MTfLJO[e�

(>'. 7, 22)

a�]\m� (¯, mn) &+"()6 ~ZwZ��q� )#/C$%L

¥nZ_\g�� (2)J2"-$%L ~�]m� (¯, mn) ,+D3)6!

��\m� (¯, mn) 32)B)6 ¥~�Ë� &+KN$%L!

�i�l�Zag� 3)@/%L ni~�m� (d, mn) B"2%-K6

\i��m� (d, mn) (2)4$P"..K6! ¦ci�� -&%$-$%L!

K/ C,-,$"E9'%):

�aZ��»� çk��aZl (çkm�aZl) �¯µi��n, ~ZÒ ~m�µ�� ëcldqiaZl

� (V4J$()&%/+$2/6 5)J@-/P"./')

Ç �aZ��m�, �� 42"&% Ç ~m�µ��, �� B/2

çkm� ()@./B$%L, -)J@-/,$%L ëcldq� )&-'C$%L

�¯µi��n &",)@.'

823#9%'%):

I. !"2"-"@/%", )*2$C$' -./B$./" .$ D()%2"*+"./" Q)2B /

4).&%2D4R/6 ($&&/-.),) J$+),$: ¥nZ]g�i�wZl � çµi�� µÐ\\�n wZ�µdqi�wi Ú §µi�� [c�naZl iy� a» µgcZ��n � _\d�a ç�» a�� ¦nZna�� a»n �µ~�n ~ZwZ��µin � �¨ nZ�Ò ~ZwZ��naZl � ç�» ��\\zn wZ�µdq � fz�Z ç�» a�� ]�\�� \Zµ_dniaZl � ¥nZc~dqi�wi ]iËciln � µÌ ¥nZc~dqiai Z·a»n ¦~_Z�niln � Ç ws�Z��»� Z·a�� Z·�dniaZl � �é�� ~�\�mµiwZ � ��Ì n�n a�Õ� ¦�w��Õ� ¥alµdqi�wZl ~ZÒ ~�\dqi�wZl.

II. !"2"-"@/%": W. ��µswiÕ� ç�» azn ±wsnZ��n wi�Z�iËiaZl¾ Ç wi»� \Zµ�� f¼��l� ag��iaZl. 2. ��\\Ù azn ±wsnZ��n ³�-

45

cZ ~ZÒ ç�» azn n�n ¥nw�¼��n wZ�µdqiaZl. 3. è� ¦n��n ��\-

\Ù µÛn \gciaZl, Æ\�cZ fÛ ��daaiaZl. 4. ��µ�q�µin a»n azn ¥cZwzn _��n a�� nmµ�l� ]�\daai�wZl. 5. �� nmµ�l� ~i\i�m-

µiwZ ~Z~Ù ³�cZ ~ZÒ ]iËciln ~ZÒ ~�\Ëiln. 6. ��g�il a�Õ� nm-

µ�� µÌ ¥alµdqi�wZl.

46

2"?) 6

!$&&/-.K6 / B"@/$+L.K6 J$+),/: prae-sens (indicativus, infinitivus, impertai-vus) / imperfectum.

Infinitivus (2/ ,+$,)+$3 %/($ ¦wg\�. Da-tivus sociativus (2/ µd��µZl, flZ\g-c�µZl; accusativus (2/ ¥µËn�µZl, ]�\daa�µZl. !2"@+),/ ¦��, �Ën.

Praesens indicativi medii (passivi)

5 ,2"#"&4)B 'JK4" ()B/B) @"6&%-/%"+L.),) / &%2$@$%"+L-

.),) J$+),)- &DC"&%-D"% "C" / &2"@./6 (B"@/$+L.K6) J$+),,

4)%)2K6 )J.$#$"%, #%) &D*Ö"4% (2)/J-)@/% @"6&%-/' - &-)/3

/.%"2"&$3, @+' &"*'. 5 .$&%)'C"B -2"B"./ / /B("2Q"4%" Q)2-

BK &2"@.",) J$+),$ &)-($@$0% & Q)2B$B/ ($&&/-.),) J$+),$,

)*2$JD' %$4 .$JK-$"BK6 B"@/)($ & &/-.K6 J$+),. H%+/#/%L

B"@/$+L.)" J.$#"./" Q)2BK )% ($&&/-.),) B)P.) +/NL ()

4).%"4&%D. O$4/B )*2$J)B, /JD#"..K" - (2)N+)B D2)4" Q)2BK

($&&/-.),) J$+),$ /B"0% "C" / B"@/$+L.)" J.$#"./":

Singularis

W �ZlfiË-�-µZl ? 9".D)&E9(F !+? .$G? (.$G$)

2 �ZlfiË- &E 9".D)&E9($AB !+? .$G? (.$G$)

3 �ZlfiË-i-aZl "% 9".D)&E9($& !+? .$G? (.$G$)

Pluralis

W �Zlfi�-m-µiwZ 5E 9".D)&E9($5 !+? .$G? (.$G$)

2 �ZlfiË-i-�wi 9E 9".D)&E9($&$ !+? .$G? (.$G$)

3 �ZlfiË-�-naZl "%) 9".D)&E9(F& !+? .$G? (.$G$)

Infinitivus

�ZlfiË-i-�wZl 9".D)&E9(&B !+? .$G? (.$G$)

Imperativus praesentis medii (passivi)

X)2BK ()-"+/%"+L.),) .$4+)."./' B"@/)($&&/-.),) J$+)-

,$ )*2$JD0%&' )% )&.)-K .$&%)'C",) -2"B"./ & ()B)CL0 &("-

R/$+L.K3 )4).#$./6:

47


2 -�� -i-�wiW

3 -g-�w� -g-�w�n2

!2)&(2',$"B - imperativus praesentis medii (passivi) ,+$,)+

�ZlfiË�:

Singularis

2 �ZlfiË-�� -)&(/%K-$6 .$G$; D0.&B &$G? 9".D)&E9(F&

3 �Zlfi�-g-�w� (D&%L "% 9".D)&E9($& .$G$; D0.&B $," 9".D)&E9(F&

Pluralis

2 �ZlfiË-i-�wi -)&(/%K-$6%" .$G$; D0.&B 9(. 9".D)&E9(F&

3 �Zlfi�-g-�w�n (D&%L "%) 9".D)&E9(F& .$G$ D0.&B )/ 9".D)&E9(F&

Imperfectum medii (passivi) (augmentum syllabicum)

I$4 / -&" /&%)2/#"&4/" -2"B".$, imperfectum medii (passivi)

)*2$JD"%&' & ()B)CL0 -%)2/#.K3 )4).#$./63, 4)%)2K" (2/

&)#"%$.// & &)"@/./%"+L.KB ,+$&.KB )*2$JD0% &+"@D0CD0

&/&%"BD - %)2/#.K3 )4).#$./6 ($& &/-.),) J $+) , $ :


W -m-µsn -m-µiwZ

2 -��4 -i-�wi

3 -i-a� -�-na�

W H4).#$./" 2 +. B..#. imperat. praes. medii (passivi) &)-($@$"% & &)-

)%-"%&%-D0C"6 Q)2B)6 /.@/4$%/-$. H%."&%/ &+)-) & %$4/B )4).#$./-

"B 4 4).42"%.)BD .$4+)."./0 B)P.) +/NL - J$-/&/B)&%/ )% 4).%"4-

&%$! 2 5)JB)P.) / )4).#$./" -g-�w��Zn. 3 O$4/3:

U/R) Sg. Pl.

W -µsn -µiwZ

2 -�� -�wi

3 -a� -na�

4 :J -i-��; � B"P@D ,+$&.KB/ -K($@$"%, $ i / � &+/-$0%&' - ��.

48

9DP.) ()B./%L, #%) ,+$,)+K, .$#/.$0C/"&' & &),+$&.),), -

/&%)2/#"&4/3 -2"B".$3 ()+D#$0% &+),)-)" (2/2$C"./":

Singularis

W ¦-�Zlfi�-m-µsn ? 9".D)&E9(+ !+? .$G? (.$G$); ? 9".D)&E9(+.?

2 ¦-�ZlfiË-�� &E 9".D)&E9(+ !+? .$G? (.$G$); &E 9".D)&E9(+.?

3 ¦-�ZlfiË-i-a� "% 9".D)&E9(+ !+? .$G? (.$G$); "% 9".D)&E9(+.?

Pluralis

W ¦-�Zlfi�-m-µiwZ 5E 9".D)&E9(+) !+? .$G? (.$G$); 5E 9".D)&E9(+).B

2 ¦-�ZlfiË-i-�wi 9E 9".D)&E9(+) !+? .$G? (.$G$); 9E 9".D)&E9(+).B

3 ¦-�ZlfiË-�-na� "%) 9".D)&E9(+) !+? .$G? (.$G$); "%) 9".D)&E9(+).B

7)%+#1$)$

W. !2/ ,+$,)+$3 &) J.$#"./"B C$+(%)?, 4$4 / - 2D&&4)B 'JK4",

D()%2"*+'"%&' /.Q/./%/- :

QslqMI �µogMIg a»n wdnZa�n /"-$& D4$!"&94(&)&B ("&4(-

=)&B) .5$4&B.

2. >$%"+L.K6 ($@"P B)P"% )*)J.$#$%L &D*Ö"4%, & 4)%)2KB

(2)/&3)@/% @"6&%-/" (*)2L*$, )*C"./" / %.@.) ()@+"P$C",).

O$4$' QD.4R/' @$%"+L.),) ($@"P$ .$JK-$"%&' dativus sociativus:

µd�i�wZl Z| �ln�aZË�� .4(C(&B.? . 3)%"&(94"5;

flZ\gci�wZl Z| }lg� 4(=,"9(4)9(&B . -0C$.&4(%#$5.

3. 8+$,)+K - B"@/)($&&/-.)B J$+)," B),D% D(2$-+'%L -/./ -

% "+ L.KB ($@"P)B:

¥µËni�wZl Zfg �ln¼aZ��Jg =(y)y(&B.? "& 3)%"&(94(;

]�\daai�wZl Zf ws��Jg ".&$4$,(&B.? =9$4?.

4. !2"@+), ¦�Ò &)#"%$"%&' & 2$J+/#.KB/ ($@"P$B/ / /B""%

2$J.))*2$J.K" J.$#"./':

Qmb Z| �a�µ�� (Qmb ZJ[ �a�µ�JN) ¿�ailn D4)'4$D+?&B '" 9/"!0;

Qmb Z| ¥nf�i�� w�µ| wZ�µdqiln 0!)9+?&B.? 50C$.&9$%%"-50 !0/0;

Qmb Zfg wdnZaJg �gµ�iln D".E+(&B %( .5$4&B.

49

5. !2"@+), �Ën . -&",@$ %2"*D"% (2/ &"*" @ $% " + L.) ,) ($@"P$:

r^g Z·aJz_ ]iËciln G$C(&B . %)5) (+(&. cum).

%C56 /9C3SDE

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tn YyciË�. Â�iÒ fÛ Ç vs�iÕ� niZn��~�� tn, �¨ ±wsnZ��l µd\Z

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a��n ag~nZ.

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�\��n, Ç YyciÕ� _Z�l\iË�¾ �d\ln, � ³]s,� ¦~i\i�mµsn ag~nZ

azn ±wsnZ��n ¦�Ò wdnZa�n �gµ�iln. ±\\ �·~ ¦�ZlfiËi�wi, �

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[�Z ~ZÒ a»n ng�n íw\�n.

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n��, áai _\g�il a»n ~Z\»n �gn�n, ¦wg\il Z·aº ¥µËniln a»n wdnZ-

a�n ~ZÒ \dw�� flZ\gciaZl Z·aº. �·fi��, � ³]s, � f�nZam� ¦�al

a»n �ln¼aZ��n [ni� á�\�n ~ZÒ fm\�� ¥µËni�wZl. �dµ_Zni

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\Z_��nw�� a�µ�¡. ��\daa�� a» ]�_i�»n ws��n, µd�� a��

á�\�l�, � �gni. hy�g��i�wi �Õn Z·aº, � äaZ��l, ~ZÒ �i�wi�wi

Z·aº. �sfiÒ� iy�i��g�w� [w�µ��.

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�¡qg�w�n ¦n Æ\�c¡ ��mn¡ �¨ äaZ��l. à�ilaZ iy�g��naZl, ~ZÒ Ç

vs�iÕ� i� µd�iaZl aº �ln�aZË�¡ ~ZÒ ]�niËil Z·amn. Þ fÛ ±�l-

dfns ]iËcil �Õn a�� ±wsnZ��l�.

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50

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.$B/)

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¦naZ�wZ J@"&L, %$B

Ç \Z_Ë�lnw��, �� +$*/2/.%

Ç ��a��, �� 3+"*, (/C$

a» ag~n�n, �� @/%'

a��a�� (s, �n) %2"%/6 ($', "")

a» a��a�n - %2"%/6 2$J

Ãfs DP"

ä�ad &"BL (+(&. septem)

§ �Z�wgn��, �� @"-DN4$, @"-$

(.4. @(4*$%"%)

a» �\��n, �� 4)2$*+L, &D@.)

¦�� + acc. .$, 4 (4D@$?)

¦�� + gen., dat. .$, D (,@"?);

+ dat. "C" B)P"% )J.$#$%L

(2/#/.D

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¿\l� @)-)+L.), @)&%$%)#.)

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(D4"&)9 '","-+)G")

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iy�-, ¦�-, ¥�-g��µZl -3)@/%L,

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(2/'%.)"

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IWJLJ P�T�n OLo Mv[}}MRTLi OLo lfemOLo XLReOMNMm^M. (`)+. _, 27)

µmn�n %)+L4) a» i·Zccg\l�n, �� *+$,)-"&%/"

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K/ C,-,$"E9'%):

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.$' .$ «8)&()@/, -)JJ-$3�», ,+$& 7)

�Ë %K iµ pers. 2 sg. %K "&%L ("&/)

µ�� gen. sg. B".', B)6 Zy��Ën�µZl &%K@/%L&'

823#9%'%):

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B"@/)($&&/-.)B J$+),".

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J$+),$) ,+$,)+ ]�\daa�.

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� �Z��q�� ¦�Z��q��.

IV. !"2"-"@/%" 4$4 Q)2BK ($&&/-.),) / B"@/$+L.),) J$+),$:

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iln.

52

2"?) 7

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R89:F8 4VAFD8DC8. @C7 D3 K purum

H3+)1"F. Q'%$1)0 3,5


Nominativus § Z¨

Genetivus a`� azn

Dativus aå aZ��

Accusativus a¯n ad�

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)*+"#"..)" D@$2"./"; - @$%"+L.)B ($@"P" )*)/3 #/&"+ (2/&D%&%-D"%

6)%$ (- "@/.&%-"..)B #/&+" � ()@(/&.$'). I2)B" %),), )&%2)" D@$2"-

./" - $2%/4+" -/./%"+L.),) ($@"P$ )*)/3 #/&"+, 4$4 / - $2%/4+" BDP-

&4),) /+/ &2"@.",) 2)@$, B".'"%&' .$ %D()" (2/ &)"@/.".// $2%/4+' &

)(2"@"+'"BKB &DC"&%-/%"+L.KB: aÌn §µg�Zn, aÙ� §µg�Z�.

O'36,' $1",%'%)'. BCD)' $6'5'%):

I I &4+)."./0 )%.)&'%&' /B".$ P".&4),) (2"P" BDP&4),))

2)@$ & )&.)-)6 .$ Z, 4)%)2$' - ."4)%)2K3 ()J/R/'3 B)P"% ("-

2"3)@/%L - s. 5 /B"./%"+L.)B ($@"P" "@/.&%-"..),) #/&+$

/B".$ P".&4),) 2)@$ )4$.#/-$0%&' .$ Z (@)+,D0 /+/ 42$%4D0)

/+/ .$ s, $ BDP&4),) � .$ Z�, s�.

71",%'%)' $ED'$+6)+'"F%&G %# R purum.

Paroxytona, oxytona

7&+/ .$ 4).R" &+)-$ Z .$3)@/%&' - ()+)P".// ()&+" ,+$&-

.),) /+/ � (��]�Z, §µg�Z), %) ).$ .$JK-$"%&' #/& %)6 (Z pu-

53

rum) / &)32$.'"%&' -) -&"3 ($@"P$3. M/&%$' $+LQ$, 4$4 (2$-/-

+), *K-$"% @)+,)6.

!2/-"@"B (2/B"2 &4+)."./' & #/&%)6 $+LQ)6 - )&.)-" /

)&%2KB D@$2"./"B .$ 42$%4)B (2"@()&+"@."B &+)," (%/( par -

o xyto na):


Nom. § §µg�Z! !$%B Z¨!§µg�Zl !%)

Gen. a`� §µg�Z� !%? azn!§µi�zn !%$7

Dat. aå §µg�� !%F aZ��!§µg�Zl� !%?5

Acc. aÌn §µg�Zn [9)C0] !$%B aÙ�!§µg�Z� [9)C0] !%)

NB <)@/%"+L.K6 ($@"P B.)P"&%-"..),) #/&+$ $ED'$+6)+'"F%&G

("2-),) &4+)."./' 6$'-5# /B""% )*+"#"..)" D@$2"./" .$ )4).#$.//.

7&+/ (2"@()&+"@./6 D@$2.K6 &+), @)+),, %) - /B"./%"+L-

.)B ($@"P" B.)P"&%-"..),) #/&+$ D@$2"./" &%$.)-/%&' )*+"-

#"..KB:


Nom. § �¼�Z! .&4(%( Z¨! �z�Zl .&4(%E

Gen. a`� �¼�Z� .&4(%E azn! ��zn .&4(%

Dat. aå �¼�� .&4(%$ aZ��! �¼�Zl� .&4(%(5

Acc. aÌn �¼�Zn .&4(%0 aÙ�! �¼�Z� [9)C0] .&4(%E

NB H4).#$./" -Zl /B"./%"+L.),) ($@"P$ B.)P"&%-"..),) #/&+$ ()

)%.)N"./0 4 D@$2"./0 � 42$%4)".

?4+)."./" &+)- & )&.)-)6 .$ Z purum & ()&%)'..KB D@$2"-

./"B .$ 4)."#.)B &+)," (%/( o x y t o n a ) /B""% %" P" )&)*"..)-

&%/, #%) / &))%-"%&%-D0C/6 %/( -%)2),) &4+)."./':

Singularis Pluralis

Nom. § flZ]��d! 4(=+)-)$ Z¨! flZ]��Z� 4(=+)-)?

Gen. a`� flZ]��Ð� 4(=+)-)? azn! flZ]��zn 4(=+)-)7

Dat. aå flZ]��ï 4(=+)-)F aZ��! flZ]��Z�� 4(=+)-)?5

Acc. aÌn flZ]��dn [9)C0]

4(=+)-)$

aÙ�! flZ]��d� [9)C0]

4(=+)-)?

54

*Y8D3 79CA3G358A6DE8 789:FGF 4VAFD8DC;

BCD)' $6'5'%):

:B".$ (2/+$,$%"+L.K" ("2-),) &4+)."./' (2"@&%$-+'0%

&)*)6 P".&4/6 2)@ (2/+$,$%"+L.K3 %2"3 )4).#$./6 (&B. D2)4 2),

.$(2/B"2, \Zµ��m�, qKµmit, \Zµ��mn .9$&+E7 (-(?, -"$), ng��,

glK, ng�n 5"+"!"7 (-(?, -"$).

!2/+$,$%"+L.K" ("2-),) &4+)."./' /B"0% )4).#$./" -Ô,

"&+/ "BD (2"@N"&%-D0% i, l, �. 5 )&%$+L.K3 &+D#$'3 T%/ (2/+$-

,$%"+L.K" )4$.#/-$0%&' .$ s.

5 &-)"B &4+).".// )./ - )&.)-.)B ()-%)2'0% &))%-"%&%-

-D0C/6 %/( &4+)."./' &DC"&%-/%"+L.K3. H@.$4), /B"0%&'

)(2"@"+"..K" )&)*"..)&%/:

W. !2/+$,$%"+L.K" I &4+. ." ("2".)&'% D@$2"./" .$ ()&+"@./6

&+), - Q)2B" gen. pl.

2. 9$#$+L.)6 Q)2B)6 (2/+$,$%"+L.),) '-+'"%&' Q)2B$ nom.

sg. BDP&4),) 2)@$. A@$2"./", ()@#/.''&L J$4).$B, &%2"-

B/%&' &)32$./%L&' .$ %)B P" &+),", ,@" ).) &%)'+) - .$-

#$+L.)6 Q)2B".

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<$&&B)%2/B &4+)."./" (2/+$,$%"+L.),) f�~Zl��, Z, �n

.D4(9$!+)9E7, -(?, -"$:

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m f n m f n

Nom. f�~Zl�� fl~Z�Z! f�~Zl�n f�~Zl�l f�~ZlZl! f�~ZlZ

Gen. fl~Z�� fl~Z�Z� fl~Z�� fl~Z��n

Dat. fl~Z�¡ fl~Z�� fl~Z�¡ fl~Z��l� fl~Z�Zl� fl~Z��l�

Acc. f�~Zl�n fl~Z�Zn f�~Zl�n fl~Z�� fl~Z�Z� f�~ZlZ

NB >/Q%).,/ -�l / -Zl .$ $*&)+0%.)B 4).R" () )%.)N"./0 4 D@$2"-

./0 42$%4/". X)2B$ gen. pl. P.2. &)-($@$"% & &))%-"%&%-D0C"6 Q)2-

B)6 BDP&4),) 2)@$.

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4).R$ &+)," ¥nZc~Z��, Z, �n %$"G/"!)5E7 (%/( properispomena)

&4+).'"%&' &+"@D0C/B )*2$J)B:

55

Singularis Pluralis

m f n m f n

N. ¥nZc~Z�� ¥nZc~Z�Z! ¥nZc~Z��n ¥nZc~Z��l ¥nZc~Z�Zl! ¥nZc~Z�Z

G. ¥nZc~Z�� ¥nZc~Z�Z� ¥nZc~Z�� ¥nZc~Z��n

D. ¥nZc~Z�¡ ¥nZc~Z�� ¥nZc~Z�¡ ¥nZc~Z��l� ¥nZc~Z�Zl� ¥nZc~Z��l�

A. ¥nZc~Z��n ¥nZc~Z�Zn ¥nZc~Z��n ¥nZc~Z�� ¥nZc~Z�Z� ¥nZc~Z�Z

R9C93X8DC8 : 79C453:F>DET GA3GFA3T

7&+/ ,+$,)+ /B""% (2/&%$-4D, %) (2/ )*2$J)-$.// /&%)2/-

#"&4/3 -2"B". (2/2$C"./" &%$-/%&' B"P@D (2/&%$-4)6 / 4)2."B:

iy�_d\\� %(D(!(F � iy�l_Z\\�n ? %(D(!(+.

!"2"@ (2/2$C"./"B (2/&%$-4$ -K&%D($"% - &-)"B ."/JB"-

."..)B -/@", - 4)%)2)B ).$ &)-($@$"% & &))%-"%&%-D0C/B

(2"@+),)B - ()J/R// ("2"@ .$#$+L.KB ,+$&.KB, ." /B"0C/B

,D&%),) (2/@K3$./':

Qd_d\\� 9EG4(.E9(F Q}g_Z\\�n ? 9EG4(.E9(+

rNµ_d\\� .G4(.E9(F rNgg_Z\\�n ? .G4(.E9(+

Qµ_d\\� 9G4(.E9(F Qgg_Z\\�n ? 9G4(.E9(+ Qp~\i�� =(D)4(F Qgg~\il�n ? =(D)4(+.

7&+/ (2/&%$-4$ )4$.#/-$"%&' .$ ,+$&.K6 J-D4, %) T%)% J-D4

-K($@$"%:

QmI_d\\� %(G4(.E9(F Qmg_Z\\�n ? %(G4(.E9(+

�mJ_d\\� "&G4(.E9(F �mg_Z\\�n ? "&G4(.E9(+.

:&4+0#"./" &)&%$-+'0% (2/&%$-4/ �i�l- / ��-:

mMiI_d\\� G4".(F 9"'40, mMiIg_Z\\�n ? G4".(+ 9"'40,

miJ_d\\� G4".(F 9D$4$! miJg_Z\\�n ? G4".(+ 9D$4$!.

7)%+#1$)$

W. ?/.%$4&/#"&4/6 )*)2)% nominativus cum infinitivo D()%2"*-

+'"%&' - J$-/&/B)&%/ )% ,+$,)+)- &) J.$#"./"B ,"9"4)&B, !0-

5(&B, 4),@$ )./ /B"0% ($&&/-.D0 Q)2BD: \gc�µZl, n�µ�q�µZl.

9$ 2D&&4/6 'JK4 T%)% )*)2)% ("2"-)@/%&' (2/@$%)#.KB (2"@-

+)P"./"B & &)0J$B/ -&", -&"GE, '(':

56

� qK\oiIgsJ_ ¦\gcMZJ \Zµ��»n uipJg a�� eZlfd\�� M�gKI a"9"4)+), -&" +(G)4)%& � H&" 9$+)'"+$D%"$ &9"4$%)$ 6$!(+(.

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+)-, )*)J.$#$0C/3 D@$+"./", )%@"+"./", )&-)*)P@"./", (2"-

42$C"./" / %. @., D()%2"*+'"%&' 2)@/%"+L.K6 ($@"P - )%@"+/-

%"+L.)6 QD.4R// � genetivus separationis:

Ø ��n�� a»n eZ�fZ\�n Qd�qNM aJ[ nm�aJN 3)%". D4$D?&-

.&9"9(+ 9"=94(y$%)F 6$!(+( (*D4-$+L.): 0!$4C)9(+ 6$!(+( "& 9"=-

94(y$%)?).

3. <)@/%"+L.K6 ($@"P, (2"@&%$-+'0C/6 &)*)6 +),/#"&4)"

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.$JK-$"%&' 2)@/%"+L.KB &D*Ö"4%$ (genetivus subiectivus):

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(dativus limitationis):

Ø eZ�fZ\�� ¦µ�il��P azn [\\�n ¥nw�¼��n aIlkMiMg 6$-

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5. !2"@+), µiad & 2)@/%"+L.KB ($@"P)B /B""% J.$#"./" &)--

B"&%.)&%/ («&»), $ & -/./%"+L.KB ($@"P)B � J.$#"./" «()&+"»,

D4$JK-$' .$ ()&+"@)-$%"+L.)&%L &)*K%/6 /+/ (2"@B"%)-:

µMZ� µZ~��g ��i�Kg D".+$ !"+,"," D0&$A$.&9)?.

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Ø \Z_Ë�lnw�� ¦\gcia� \Zµ��»n ³�c�n a�� eZlfd\�� iµnZl.

Âµ�il�� µÛn azn [\\�n ¥nw�¼��n flg]i�in, flÙ fÛ aÌn wZ�-

µZ��Zn ��]�Zn a�� wi�� áµ�l�� iµnZl ¦n�µ�qia�.

ðn µÛn Ç eZ�fZ\�� ¦~ a`� ±wsnZ�Z� �¼�Z�. Ø fÛ ��n�� Z·-

a»n ~ZÒ ñ~Z��n a»n �¨»n Z·a�� ¦~¼\�i a�� nm�a��. ��\\Ù� §µg-

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aº a��dnn¡ �i�wi�wZl �·~ ¦_�Ë\ia�, aÌn ¦\i�wi��Zn ng¡ fm\¡

¦��qia�.

�dw�� cÙ� Ç �ZaÌ� ~ZÒ Ç �¨»� wZ�µd�lZ �ai�Ù �Z�i�~iËZ-

q�n. à�ilaZ �ga�naZl ¦n µg�¡ a�� ·�Zn�� ~ZÒ a�� mna��. Ø

�ZaÌ� ��ni_�Ë\i�i aº Ï~d�¡ µÌ [cZn �\s�ldqiln aå a�� §\��

57

]�_i�ï _��. Â�iÒ fÛ Ç �¨»� Z·aº �·~ ¦�i�wia�, fli\Ëia� aÙ �ai�Ù

Z·a��, ~ZÒ Z·a»� iy��ail iy� a»n �mna�n. Ø fÛ �ZaÌ� µd\Z ¦~-

�\¯aaiaZl aå wg� ~ZÒ µgµ]iaZl a�Ë� ai wi�Õ� ~ZÒ aÙ� wiÙ� ¦�

¥fl~��. Y·a»� fÛ µiaÙ µZ~�Ùn ��i�Zn î~il iy� aÌn �l~i\�Zn.

J'1$)1#

Ç eZ�fZ\��, �� >"@$+

§ QµmMIi]K, Z� )(K%.)&%L, J.$-

./" (.4. H5D)4)-$.')7)

flZ-]g�� )%+/#$%L&'

§ rJk]K, Z� BD@2)&%L (.4. �"*)?,

*)+"."*)? � +FG"9B ' 50!4"-

.&))

áµ�l��, Z, �n ()@)*.K6

§ e�iK, Z� J"B+', &%2$.$

Ç ñ~Z��, �� :4$2

Ç nm�a��, �� -)J-2$C"./" (.4.

%".&(+B,)?)

§ �µliK, Z� @".L

§ \]K, Z� &/+$, .$&/+/"

¦c-~\i�� J$4+0#$%L, J$(/2$%L

_�Ë\�µZl 3)%"%L

��q� @)&%$-+'%L

��q�µZl @)&%$-+'%L &"*"

§ QqMNsMi]K, Z� &-)*)@$

�~i�dq� ,)%)-/%L

�Z�Z-�~i�dq� &.$2'P$%L, ()@-

,)%$-+/-$%L

a» �ai�mn, �� 42K+)

�ga�µZl +"%$%L

µg��, s, �n &2"@./6 (+(&. me-

dius)

a» µg��n, �� &"2"@/.$

��µ-_��\iË� &)-"%)-$%L

[cZn &+/N4)B, )#".L

�\s�ldq� (+dat.) (2/*+/P$%L&'

Ç î\l��, �� &)+.R" (.4. ,$+)7,

,$+)"&$4(D)?)

flZ-\Ë� )&-)*)P@$%L, 2$J-'JK-

-$%L

��a� ($@$%L

iy�-��a� ($@$%L -) #%)-+/*),

-($@$%L

�\¯aa� */%L, ()2$P$%L

¦~�\¯aa� (D,$%L

§ slK, Z� J2"+/C" (.4. &$(&4)

µgµ]�µZl (2)4+/.$%L

§ sMt, Ð� *),/.' (P. 2. )% wim�)

§ �-aId]K, Z� ."&(2$-"@+/-)&%L

(.4. f�~Zl��)

µiad (+ acc.) ()&+";

(+ gen.) c

§ mJiM]K, Z� (D%"N"&%-/"

î~� (praes. 9 =%(-$%)) perfect.)

*K%L J@"&L, (2/3)@/%L

§ �l~i\�Z, Z� ?/R/+/'

K/ L,6,-, M#6'+#

I� �n gJ O� X[fLimT� µLi µWJLJ, PRR~ JoJ XLRR� µ�RRLJ gJ

O� PXLimT� µLi, µMO~ SW�Li V[\ OfWµLi O�J m�OKfT[J V[OMf}��M-

m^M. (`)+. 2, _2)

58

§ �Z��Z, Z� (2/&D%&%-/" Ç a�mµ��, �� %2"("%

§ ¥��Z, Z� )%&D%&%-/" § ��as��Z, Z� &($&"./"!

Ç ]m_��, �� &%2$3 ~Zai�cdq�µZl &)-"2N$%L

K/ C,-,$"E9'%):

��]�Z! È�w��!

��Z��i, �Z�Ð� a`� ¢na�� sµi��n¾ �Z��i, ¥�Ð� a`� ¥��Z�Z�

\Ëa��n � (:4)& 2 $4$Q/&%$ M"&%.)BD I2"&%D)

§ ��]�Z, Z� (2"BD@2)&%L

Æ�wm�, ¯ mn (2'B)6, (2$-/+L-

.K6 (.4. "4&"D$!, "4*",4(*)?)

§ �Z�d, Ð� 2$@)&%L

¢na�� adv. ()/&%/."

a» �sµi��n, �� J.$4, J.$B"./"

§ ¥�d, Ð� (2)4+'%/"

¥��Z��, Z, �n @2"-./6

a» \Ëa��n, �� /&4D(+"./"

823#9%'%):

I. !2)&4+).'6%" ($2$++"+L.): Ç wim� / § wid.

II. !2)&4+).'6%": § �\��Z �¼�Z.

III. !"2"-"@/%" / )(2"@"+/%" - 4$P@)B &+D#$" .$#$+L.D0 Q)2-

BD &+)-$: _�� _�¡ � fz�Z � §µg�� f�~ZlZ � fl~Z�Z � Çµ��Z �

��]d.

IV. !"2"-"@/%": W. Þ eZlfd\�� ¦µ�il��Z wZ�µZ��Z iµnZl ¦n�µ�-

qia�. 2. �Õn aº �¨º iy� aÌn azn ±wsnZ��n �¼�Zn �gai�wZl ¦_�Ë\ia�. 3. Þ a`� ¦\i�wi��Z� §µg�Z Z·a»n µd\Z ³ai��in. 4. �Zµ��Ù tn § a�� mna�� wgZ. 5. �iaÙ µZ~�Ùn ��i�Zn vs-

�iÕ� �Õn a�� äaZ��l� aº \Z_��nw¡ �\s�ldqil. 6. Þ a�� l-

n�aZË�� _�Z ]�_i�Ù iµnZl \gciaZl. 7. ±�ldfns ��]�� ~ZÒ fm-

\¡ a»n ¥nf�i��n �gn�n �Íqil. 8. �dw�� Õn Z·aº ¦~ azn _Z�l-\i��n ]iËcil.

59

2"?) 8

I &4+)."./": &DC"&%-/%"+L.K" / (2/+$-,$%"+L.K" .$ -s, -s�. !2/%'P$%"+L-.K" B"&%)/B"./'; participium prae-sentis medii-passivi; 4)+/#"&%-"..)" (2/2$C"./".

�g�n ¦�a�n, ¦µmn ¦�aln: -K2$P"./" )*'J$..)&%/, J$@$./'. Genetivus (2/ (2/+$,$%"+L.K3 ([�l��); á\��.

R89:F8 4VAFD8DC8. @C7 D3 S

7&+/ &DC"&%-/%"+L.)" /+/ (2/+$,$%"+L.)" ("2-),) &4+)."-

./' )4$.#/-$"%&' - /B. (. "@. #. .$ s, %) ).$ &)32$.'"%&' -) -&"3

($@"P$3 "@/.&%-"..),) #/&+$. 5) B.)P"&%-"..)B #/&+" &4+)-

."./" &)-"2N"..) $.$+),/#.) ($2$@/,B" & #/&%)6 $+LQ)6 -

)&.)-".

Singularis Pluralis

Nom. § ag�ns! ).'0..&9" Z¨! ag�nZl ).'0..&9(

Gen. a`� ag�ns� ).'0..&9( azn! ai�nzn ).'0..&9

Dat. aå ag�n ).'0..&90 aZ��! ag�nZl� ).'0..&9(5

Acc. aÌn ag�nsn [9)C0] ).'0..&9"

aÙ�! ag�nZ� [9)C0] ).'0..&9(

R9C5;W358A6DE8 Y845FCY8DC;

!2/%'P$%"+L.K" B"&%)/B"./' - @2"-.",2"#"&4)B 'JK4"

&4+).'0%&' () )*2$JRD (2/+$,$%"+L.K3 I�II &4+)."./'. :B"-

0%&' &+"@D0C/" Q)2BK:

¦µm�, ¦µ¯, ¦µmn 5"7, 5"?, 5"$;

�m�, �¯, �mn &9"7, &9"?, &9"$;

§µgai��, §µiag�Z, §µgai��n %(A, %(A(, %(A$; çµgai��, çµiag�Z, çµgai��n 9(A, 9(A(, 9(A$.

R9C>345C8 D345F;X8GF :98Y8DC Y8SC3A6DF-7344C:DFGF j3AFG3

!2/#$&%/" .$&%)'C",) -2"B"./ B"@/$+L.)-($&&/-.),) J$-

+),$ (participium praesentis medii-passivi) )*2$JD"%&' )% )&.)-K

60

.$&%)'C",) -2"B"./ (2/*$-+"./"B &)"@/./%"+L.),) ,+$&.),)

-�-, &DQQ/4&$ -µin- / 2)@)-K3 )4).#$./6 -��, -s, -�n:

�Zlfi�-m-µin-�� 9".D)&E9(Fy)7 .$G?, 9".D)&E9($5E7;

�Zlfi�-�-µgn-s 9".D)&E9(Fy(? .$G?, 9".D)&E9($5(?;

�Zlfi�-m-µin-�n 9".D)&E9(Fy$$ .$G?, 9".D)&E9($5"$.

?4+).'0%&' T%/ (2/#$&%/' () )*2$JRD (2/+$,$%"+L.K3 I �

II &4+)."./'.

)FAC>845:8DDF8 79C93X8DC8

7&+/ ,+$,)+ .$#/.$"%&' & ,+$&.),) J-D4$, %) (2/ )*2$J)-$-

.// /&%)2/#"&4/3 -2"B". (2/2$C"./" -K2$P$"%&' - D@+/."-

.// .$#$+L.),) ,+$&.),) )&.)-K. O$4)" (2/2$C"./" .$JK-$"%-

&' 4)+/#"&%-"..KB. !2/#"B:

Z / i D@+/.'0%&' - s

[�� t��n, ¦�wZ��µZl � ò�wZl�mµsn,

� D@+/.'"%&' - �

Ç�\�q� � Ê�\lq�n,

ó D@+/.'"%&' - ô

¨f�Ë� � õf��n,

ö D@+/.'"%&' - ÷

ç_��q� � °_�lq�n.

5 @/Q%).,$3 D@+/.'"%&' ("2-K6 4)B().".%, (2/#"B 6)%$

&%$.)-/%&' ()@(/&.)6:

Z·�dn� � sé�Zn�n

Z½�� ø��n,

�y~�q� � ù~lq�n.

7)%+#1$)c

W. <)@/%"+L.K6 ($@"P (2/ ,+$,)+" GE&B 3 +/R$ "@. #. &+DP/%

@+' -K2$P"./' &-)6&%-, 4$#"&%- /+/ )*'J$..)&%"6 / .$JK-$"%&'

genetivus characteristicus:

ngHg QrZ]g 5"+"!E5 .9"7.&9$%%", .+$!0$& (+$%. adulescenti-

um est).

9): ¦µmn, �mn ¦�aln H&" 5"$, &9"$ (+$%. meum, tuum est).

6W

2. !2/ (2/+$,$%"+L.)B [�l�� !".&"7%E7 &%$-/%&' 2)@/%"+L.K6

($@"P:

�}In_ ¦�al ayg µic��aHg alµyg !".&")% 9$+)-(7A)/ D"-$.&$7

,wAFVF 93jSF93

Ân aå viaaZ\�� t��g ��ai �s\iË�. Þ fÛ a`� fl~Zl��Ëns� Z·-

a�� ]¯µs fl¯��ia� á\sn aÌn �¼�Zn. Â�iÒ ��n Ç cdµ�� tn Z·-

a�� ¨»� fÛ Z·a�� tn °�ai��n Ç ±�l\\iË� � t�Zn ~ZÒ �¨ wi�Ò ~ZÒ

Z¨ wiZÒ ¦n aå ä��aå. �mns fÛ à�l�, § a`� flZ]��Ð� wid, �· �Z-

�`n, áal ç�» azn wizn ò�wZ��ia�. �Zµ��Ù ��n tn § ä��a¯.

±�m\\�n cÙ� ~Z\Ù� ©fÙ� øfi ~ZÒ �°a�� sé�Zni aÌn §f�n¯n.

ú�wl�n fÛ �¨ wi�Ò ¥µ_��Zn a��]¯n, Î� ��g�il Z·a��.

ànwZ ��n § à�l� flÙ a`� wË�Z� iy�_d\\il ��nW µ`\�n

iy� aÌn �y~�Zn ~ZÒ \gcil¾ ��å ~Z\\��a �. Y·a�~Z fÛ c�cniaZl fil-

nÌ flZ]��d. ±]��f�as cd�¾ �Âµmn, � ³]s, � a» fz�mn ¦�aln�. Þ

fÛ ±wsnÐ¾ ��· �¯ ¦�aln § f��id, ¥\\ ¦µÌn iµnZl Z·aÌn \gc�,

áal �· µmn�n § ¦µÌ µ��]Ì ~Z\¯ ¦�aln, ¥\\Ù ~ZÒ ¥nf�i�� Ç ¦µ»�

w�µm��. Ä�Z fÛ Æ�clq�µgns¾ ��· f�~ZlZl, � ³]s, � Z¨ çµgai�Zl

cnzµZ� iy�ln¾ �·fiÒ� cÙ� �°a�� [�lm� ¦�al azn µic��a�n alµzn,

Î� § a�� µic��a�� wi�� cZµia¯. Þµgai��n [�Z ¦�aÒn [��iln,

çµgai��n fÛ ~ZÒ azn [\\�n ng�n wizn [��i�wZl ~ZÒ �i�wi-

�wZl�. ànwZ piÕ� Æ�clqmµin�� ~i\iËil aÙ� wiÙ� §��dqiln ~ZÒ

�gµ�il Z·aÙ� ��»� a»n ��ldµ�� ~Z\»n �¨mn. Y¨ fÛ wiZÒ ç�» a��

azn wizn ¥ccg\�� ¥cmµinZl �ga�naZl ��»� aÌn ��l~Ìn �¼�Zn.

7'%+'%T):

}Z~»n ]g��l ~Z��»n �¨ ~Z~�Ò ]�\�l.

J'1$)1#

[�� (2$-/%L, .$#$+L&%-)-$%L

(.4. 5"%(4/)? (9+(.&B "!%","))

§ aIdKIJrogL, s� &(2$-"@+/-

-)&%L (.4. f�~Zl��)

§ k�µL, s� B)+-$, &+$-$ (+(&.

fama)

fl-g��µZl (iy�-, ¦�-, ¥�-) (2)-

3)@/%L (--, -K-, D-)

á\��, s, �n -"&L, R"+K6

§ �JiZ�, `� (2$J@./4

µmn��, s, �n "@/.K6, "@/.&%-".-

.K6 (.4. 5"%"&"%%E7)

W acc. sg. &2"@.",) 2)@$ )% �� ="+"&"7

62

§ flZ]��d, Ð� 2$J+/#/", 2$J@)2,

&()2 (.4. flZ]g��)

�Z�-i�nZl (2/&D%&%-)-$%L (+(&.

adesse)

§ �a�, `� ("&.' (.4. "!()

ûf� ("%L

§ �aJg�, `� .$&+$P@"./"

¥µ_�m�l��, Ô, �n *"&&B"2%.K6

(.4. c594".)7, (5G4"=)?)

§ ZiJk�, `� (/C$ (.4. !).&4"*)?)

³nwZ %$B; %),@$

§ wË�Z, Ô� @-"2L

_d\\�; iy�- _d\\� *2)&$%L;

-*2$&K-$%L (.4. G(++).&)'()

a» µ`\�n, �� '*+)4)

§ �y~�Z, Ô� @)B, 4)B.$%$ (.4.

�µ~��)

~d\\l�a��, s, �n (2"42$&."6N/6

(.4. ~Z\m�)

Z·a�~Z %)%#$&

c�cn�µZl -)J./4$%L, 2)P@$%L&'

Qµn_, ¯, mn B)6 (+(&. meus)

§ ±wsnÐ, Ð� 1Q/.$

rn_, ¯, mn %-)6

§ f��id, Ð� ()@$2)4

�· µmn�n � ¥\\Ù ~Z� ." %)+L4)

� .) /

§ µJik�, `� Q)2B$, 42$&)%$ (.4.

5"4*"+",)?, 5$&(5"4*"=()

Æ�c�q�µZl ,."-$%L&'

�µlZMiJ_, Ô, �n .$N

§ pg�µL, s� B."./", BK&+L

[�l��, Ô, �n @)&%)6.K6

§ ZIµ�, s� #"&%L, ()#"&%L

�µlZMiJ_, Ô, �n .$N

§��dq� *K%L &()4)6.KB,

B)+#$%L

Ç [cci\��, �� -"&%./4, $.,"+ (.4.

(%,$+)

��l~m�, ¯, mn %2)'.&4/6

K/ L,6,-, M#6'+#

�}}e�MJ Q� Y �LfO� OZJ P�Nµ�J Y RM}Lµ�JK X�m][. (>'. 22, _) �e�f]MOL Q� µ�RRLJ k RW}Ln XMf\ [vOLo, V[\ miJ�f]LJOL �]RLe

XLRRL\ PVLNMeJ V[\ ^Mf[XMNMm^[e... (>'. 5, _5)

|vQM\n mOf[OMiWµMJLn gµXR�VMO[e O[�n OLo �TLi Xf[}µ[OMT-

[en� (2 :)5. 2, 4)

¦cc�q� (2/*+/P$%L&' Ç ¢�\��, �� .$2)@!

§ ä��a¯, `� (2$J@./4 wi�Z�iË� /&R"+'%L!

[q�µ��, �n *"&4-$&.K6 (3+"*) �a�ZaiË� )%(2$-+'%L&' .$ -)6.D

a» �d��Z !$&3$! ¦µ�\g~� -(+"%$%L

��ng��µZl &3)@/%L&'! § ��ZcµZai�Z, Z� J$.'%/"

K/ C,-,$"E9'%):

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~�ni� (14$Q/&%, /4)& 6)

��Z��i, § �a¯\s a`� �Z�win�Z�¾ �Z��i, § �Ë\s a`� ��as��-

Z�� (14$Q/&%, /4)& W0)

63

§ a��]¯, `� (/C$ § �a¯\s, s� &%)+*

a» µdnnZ (%$.'+.) B$..$! § �Z�win�Z, Z� @"-&%-)!

Ç, § fldf��, �� (2""B./4 § �Ë\s, s� @-"2L, -)2)%$

§ a��]¯, `� .$&+$P@"./"! § ��as��Z, Z� &($&"./"!

Ç, § fld~�n��, �� &+DP/-

%"+L(./R$)

823#9%'%):

I. !2)&4+).'6%": § ¥cZwÌ a��]¯ � § \Zµ��Ù µ��]¯ � § çµiag�Z

cn¼µs.

II. !2)&(2',$6%" - impf.: ¥ndc� / ¥ndc�µZl.

III. H*2$JD6%" %2"*D"BK" Q)2BK impf. / ("2"-"@/%": W sg. act. )%

,+$,)+)- [��, ~Zadc�, ¿�a�, ¥alµdq�, ¥µËn�, ûf�; W pl. act. )%

,+$,)+)- ¦�w��, ¦�wZ��, §��dq�, î~�, Z·�dn�; W sg. / pl. med.

)% ,+$,)+)- ¥µËn�µZl, ³��µZl, iy�g��µZl, Æ�c�q�µZl.

IV. !"2"-"@/%": W. Ø azn ±wsnZ��n ä��azn ¥�lwµ»� µgcl�a��

tn. 2. Ân aZ�� \Zµ��Z�� ä��aZ�� \\ZÒ ©fZÒ üf�na�. 3. }Z\\��-

as tn § a`� ±wsnÐ� ä��a¯. 4. �mai ��\\�Ò �gn�l iy� aÌn azn ±ws-

nZ��n �¼�Zn ê~�n. 5. ²\Zl Z¨ �y~�Zl µi�aZÒ t�Zn �gn�n. 6. ú�-

��na� iy� a»n a`� wiÐ� nZ»n ~ZÒ Z·aÌn ¦wi�d�i��n.

64

2"?) 9

I &4+)."./": &DC"&%-/%"+L.K" .$ -Ó, -Ô� / -Ó, -s�. U/#.K" B"&%)/B"./'. Futurum iyµ�. Accusativus / nomina-tivus duplex. Participium coniunctum. 5)(2)&/%"+L.K" (2"@+)P"./' & a��, a�. Dativus causae (îf�µZl).

R89:F8 4VAFD8DC8. Proparoxytona, properispomena

71",%'%)' %# -U, -VW ) -U, -SW

:.),@$ #/&%$' $+LQ$ (%."., 4$4 DP" *K+) D4$J$.), $+LQ$ -

()+)P".// ()&+" ,+$&.),) /+/ �) - /B"./%"+L.)B / -/./%"+L-

.)B ($@"P$3 "@/.&%-"..),) #/&+$ *K-$"% 42$%4)6, .$(2/B"2, -

&+)-$3: § [n�lÓ G$=05)$ (%/( proparoxytonon) /+/ § µ��Ó .0!BG(

(%/( properispomenon). 5 %$4)B &+D#$" &4+)."./" &DC"&%-/-

%"+L.K3 /B""% &+"@D0C/6 -/@:

Singularis Pluralis

Nom. § [n�lZ! G$=05)$ Z¨! [n�lZl! G$=05)?

Gen. a`� ¥n��Z�! G$=05)? azn! ¥n�lzn! G$=05)7

Dat. aå ¥n��! G$=05)F aZ��! ¥n��Zl�! G$=05)?5

Acc. aÌn [n�lZn! [9)C0] G$=05)$ aÙ�! ¥n��Z�! [9)C0] G$=05)?

Singularis Pluralis

Nom. § µ��Z .0!BG( Z¨!µ��Zl .0!BGE

Gen. a`� µ��Z�! .0!BGE azn!µ�l�zn! .0!$G

Dat. aå µ��! .0!BG$ aZ��!µ��Zl�! .0!BG(5

Acc. aÌn µ��Zn! [9)C0] .0!BG0 aÙ�!µ��Z�! [9)C0] .0!BGE

H*K#.) 42$%4$' $+LQ$ *K-$"% «."#/&%)6» (alpha impurum),

%.". .$3)@/%&' ." ()&+" ,+$&.K3 /+/ �. O$4$' Z ("2"3)@/% - s -

2)@/%"+L.)B / @$%"+L.)B ($@"P$3 "@/.&%-"..),) #/&+$. !2/-

B"2$B/ B),D% &+DP/%L &DC"&%-/%"+L.K" § fm�Z .+(9(, 5%$%)$ (%/( paroxytonon), § wd\ZaaZ 5"4$ (%/( proparoxytonon), § c\za-

aZ ?=E' (%/( properispomenon).

65

Singularis Pluralis

Nom. § fm�Z 5%$%)$ Z¨! fm�Zl! 5%$%)?

Gen. a`� fm�s�! 5%$%)? azn! f��zn! 5%$%)7

Dat. aå fm� ! 5%$%)F aZ��! fm�Zl�! 5%$%)?5

Acc. aÌn fm�Zn! [9)C0] 5%$%)$ aÙ�! fm�Z�! [9)C0] 5%$%)?

Singularis Pluralis

Nom. § wd\ZaaZ! 5"4$ Z¨!wd\ZaaZl! 5"4?

Gen. a`� wZ\daas�! 5"4? azn!wZ\Zaazn! 5"4$7

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Gen. a`� c\¼aas�! ?=E'( azn! c\�aazn! ?=E'"9

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Acc. aÌn c\zaaZn! [9)C0] ?=E' aÙ�! c\¼aaZ�! [9)C0]?=E')

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Gen. ¦µ��, µ��! B".' §µzn! .$&

Dat. ¦µ��, µ�l! B." §µ�n! .$B

Acc. ¦µg, µi! [-/PD] B".' §µÐ�! [-/PD] .$&

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Dat. ��, ��l! %"*" çµ�n! -$B

Acc. �g, �i! [-/PD] %"*' çµÐ�! [-/PD] -$&

NB X)2BK ¦µ��, iµ��, iµg / ��, ��, �g & D@$2"./"B &%$-'%&' - %)B

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\iËil &$G$ C$ "% D4)'(=E9($&) /+/ ()&+" (2"@+),)-.

Futurum -"#-,"# Mhµ]

8+$,)+ iyµ� GE&B - *D@DC"B -2"B"./ /B""% )4).#$./' B"-

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2 ³� G0!$AB ³�i�wi G0!$&$

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7)%+#1$)$

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4"B-+/*)» - @2"-.",2"#"&4)B 'JK4" (4$4 - +$%/.&4)B / &%$2)-

&+$-'.&4)B) &%$-'%&' @-$ -/./%"+L.K3 ($@"P$, )@/. /J 4)%)2K3

'-+'"%&' -/./%"+L.KB (2'B),) @)()+."./' («&#/%$%L 4),)»), $

-%)2)6 � -/./%"+L.KB /B"./ &)&%$-.),) &4$JD"B),) («&#/%$%L

4"B»):

n�µ�q� rM ¦�w\ng .-)&(F &$G? G+(,"4"!%E5;

Æn�µdq� rM i�w\ng %(=E9(F &$G? G+(,"4"!%E5.

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. / % " + L . K 6 (accusativus duplex).

!2/ ,+$,)+$3 - ($&&/-.)B J$+)," @-)6.)6 -/./%"+L.K6 (2"-

-2$C$"%&' - @-)6.)6 /B"./%"+L.K6 (nominativus duplex):

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4).( .-)&(F& G+(,"4"!%E5.

67

2. !2/#$&%/" B)P"% &),+$&)-K-$%L&' & 4$4/B-+/*) /B"."B, .$-

3)@'C/B&' - (2"@+)P".//. O$4)" (2/#$&%/" .$JK-$"%&' p a r -

t i c i p i u m c o n i u n c t u m ((2/#$&%/" &),+$&)-$..)"). 5 (2"-

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e�~Zqi, Z]_ QrZI ~Z\\��as. �(..0!), '&" .(5(? D4$'4(.%(?.

?+"@D"% J$()B./%L, #%) -)(2)&/%"+L.)" B"&%)/B"./" /B""%

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2$P$0C/3 #D-&%-$ (d a t i v u s c a u s a e ):

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5. <)@/%"+L.K6 ($@"P +/#.K3 B"&%)/B"./6 D()%2"*+'"%&' @+'

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68

(US R39C43

²ai Z¨ a�i�� wiZÒ ~ZÒ Ç Á�µ`� ê~�n ��»� aÌn ��l~Ìn �¼-

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ÆnmµZqg µi ~Z\\��asn. �mai ~ZÒ piË�, Ç �Za¯� µ��, �Z�g�aZl ��l�.

à�ilaZ ±]��f�as �]Z\i�ï c\¼aa Æ\�c�� \gcil \mc��¾

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asn iµnZl \gcil, ~ZÒ a» µ`\�n \Zµ_dnil § ±]��f�as. Þ fÛ Ä�Z

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aÌn fl~Z�Zn µ��Zn�.

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Nom. Ç nZËas� 5"4?' �¨ nZ�aZl 5"4?')

Gen. a�� nZËa�� 5"4?'( azn!nZ�azn 5"4?'"9

Dat. aº nZËa 5"4?'0 a�� nZËaZl� 5"4?'(5

Acc. a»n nZËasn [9)C0] 5"4?'( a�Õ� nZËaZ� [9)C0] 5"4?'"9

Voc. (�) nZ�aÓ " 5"4?'! (�)!nZ�aZl! " 5"4?')!

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Voc. (�) ±a�i�fs! " c&4)!! (�)!±a�i�fZl! " c&4)!E!

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Pluralis

m f! n

Nom. �� < ��Ë�i�l! ��Z�! < ��Ë�iZl! ��Ð < ��Ë�iZ

Gen. ��zn < ��g�n

Dat. �� < ��g�l� ��Z�� < ��gZl� �� < ��g�l�

Acc. �� < ��g�� Ð� < ��gZ� ��Ð < ��Ë�iZ

Singularis

m f! n

N. ¥�c�� <¥�cË�i��!¥�c��Ð! <¥�c��gZ! ¥�c��n <¥�cË�i�n

G. ¥�c�� <¥�c��g�� ¥�c��Ð� <¥�c��gZ� ¥�c�� <¥�c��g��

D. ¥�c��º <¥�c��g¡ ¥�c��ï <¥�c��g� ¥�c��º <¥�c��g¡

A. ¥�c��n <¥�cË�i�n ¥�c��Ðn <¥�c��gZn ¥�c��n <¥�cË�i�n

Pluralis

m f! n

N. ¥�c�� <¥�cË�i�l! ¥�c��Z�! <¥�cË�iZl! ¥�c��Ð <¥�cË�iZ

G. ¥�c��zn < ¥�c��g�n

D. ¥�c�� <¥�c��g�l� ¥�c��Z�� <¥�c��gZl� ¥�c�� <¥�c��g�l�

A. ¥�c�� <¥�c��g�� ¥�c��Ð� <¥�c��gZ� ¥�c��Ð <¥�cË�iZ

?5DF4C58A6DF8 Y845FCY8DC8 �_, �, �

V%) B"&%)/B"./" (4$4 / (2)#/" )%.)&/%"+L.K" B"&%)/B"-

./') D()%2"*+'"%&' 4$4 - J.$#".// '&", -&", %$4 / - J.$#".//

'"&"4E7, '"&"4(?, '"&"4"$. ?4+).'"%&' ).) () I / II &4+)."./'B

() )*2$JRD (2/+$,$%"+L.K3 oxytona, %)+L4) - &2"@."B 2)@"

90

/B"./%"+L.K6 / -/./%"+L.K6 ($@"P/ "@/.&%-"..),) #/&+$

/B"0% Q)2BD á:

Singularis Pluralis

Nom. á� î! á �õ Zõ! ¿!

Gen. �þ ê� �þ !n

Dat. " # " �¶� Z¶� �¶�

Acc. án în á �°� ¿�! ¿

O,%:+)' , -"#-,"F%,0 ,$%,6'

<$J+/#.K" Q)2BK @2"-.",2"#"&4),) ,+$,)+$ )*2$JD0%&' )%

2$J.K3 )&.)- ()&.)-$ .$&%)'C",), )&.)-$ *D@DC",), )&.)-$ $)-

2/&%$, )&.)-$ ("2Q"4%$). 8 + $ , ) + L . ) 6 ) & . ) - ) 6 '-+'"%&'

%$ #$&%L ,+$,)+$, )% 4)%)2)6 B)P.) )*2$J)-$%L -&" ",) -2"B".-

.E" )&.)-K. O$4 4$4 - &+)-$2'3 ,+$,)+K @$0%&' - Q)2B" .$-

&%)'C",) -2"B"./, .")*3)@/B) DB"%L «-K-)@/%L» (%$B, ,@" T%)

-)JB)P.)) ,+$,)+L.D0 )&.)-D /J )&.)-K .$&%)'C",) -2"B"./.

!"#-,"F%#: ,$%,6# -"#-,",6 %# -"#$%&0

8+$,)+L.$' )&.)-$ &)-($@$"% & )&.)-)6 .$&%)'C",) -2"B"./

D ,+$,)+)-, 4)%)2K" - .$&%)'C"B -2"B"./ /B"0% )&.)-D .$

@)+,/6 ,+$&.K6 /+/ @/Q%).,.

7&+/ )&.)-$ .$&%)'C",) -2"B"./ )4$.#/-$"%&' .$ 42$%4/6

,+$&.K6, %) ,+$,)+L.$' )&.)-$ /B""% &))%-"%&%-D0C/6 @)+,/6

,+$&.K6, (2/ T%)B:

Ó ()&+" i, l, �, �� D@+/.'"%&' - Ô, - (2)#/3 &+D#$'3 - s;

i D@+/.'"%&' - s;

� D@+/.'"%&' - �;

ó D@+/.'"%&' - ô;

ö D@+/.'"%&' - ÷.

5)% ."4)%)2K" (2/B"2K:

�+"9(4%(? *"45( ¡.%"9( %(.&. 94. a+(,"+B%(? ".%"9(

\�� 4(=9?=E9(F \÷- \÷-

�ZlfiË� 9".D)&E9(F �Zlfi�- �Zlfi�-

wi �µZl .5"&4F wiÓ-! wiÔ-

9W

�il� �µZl DE&(F.B �il�Ó-! �il�Ô-!

_� � '4)-0 _�Ó- _�s-

~��µg� 0'4(A(F! ~��µi- ~��µs-

Futurum indicativi activi C medii GA3GFAF: 4 GA34DEYC F4DF:3YC

A ,+$,)+)- & ,+$&.KB/ )&.)-$B/ *D@DC"" -2"B' )*2$JD"%&'

(2/&)"@/."./"B &DQQ/4&$ -�- 4 ,+$,)+L.)6 )&.)-".

?(2'P"./" ,+$,)+)- - *D@DC"B -2"B"./ )@/.$4)-) & /3

&(2'P"./"B - .$&%)'C"B -2"B"./: 4 )&.)-" *D@DC",) (2/&)"-

@/.'0%&' &))%-"%&%-"..) $4%/-.K" /+/ B"@/$+L.K" +/#.K"

)4).#$./' & &)"@/./%"+L.KB/ ,+$&.KB/. 5 )%+/#/" )% .$-

&%)'C",) -2"B"./, - 4)%)2)B Q)2BK B"@/$+L.),) / ($&&/-.)-

,) J$+),$ &)-($@$0%, ($&&/-.K6 J$+), - *D@DC"B -2"B"./ )*-

2$JD"%&' )&)*) / *D@"% 2$&&B$%2/-$%L&' ()J@."".

×D@DC"" -2"B' /JÖ'-/%"+L.),) .$4+)."./' &))%-"%&%-D"%

2D&&4)BD *D@DC"BD -2"B"./ ."&)-"2N"..),) / &)-"2N"..),)

-/@$.

Activum

Singularis

W �ZlfiË-�-� ? G0!0 9".D)&E9(&B, ? 9".D)&(F

2 �ZlfiË-�-il� &E G0!$AB 9".D)&E9(&B, &E 9".D)&($AB

3 �ZlfiË-�-il "% G0!$& 9".D)&E9(&B, "% 9".D)&($&

Pluralis

W �ZlfiË-�-�µin 5E G0!$5 9".D)&E9(&B, 5E 9".D)&($5

2 �ZlfiË-�-iai 9E G0!$&$ 9".D)&E9(&B, 9E 9".D)&($&$

3 �ZlfiË-�-��l(n) "%) G0!0& 9".D)&E9(&B, "%) 9".D)&(F&

92

Medium

Singularis

W �ZlfiË-�-�µZl ? G0!0 9".D)&E9(&B .$G$,

? 9".D)&(F .$G$

2 �ZlfiË-�- &E G0!$AB 9".D)&E9(&B .$G$, &E 9".D)&($AB .$G$

3 �ZlfiË-�-iaZl "% G0!$& 9".D)&E9(&B .$G$, "% 9".D)&($& .$G$

Pluralis

W �Zlfi�-�-mµiwZ 5E G0!$5 9".D)&E9(&B .$G$, 5E 9".D)&($5 .$G$

2 �ZlfiË-�-i�wi 9E G0!$&$ 9".D)&E9(&B .$G$, 9E 9".D)&($&$ .$G$

3 �ZlfiË-�-�naZl "%) G0!0& 9".D)&E9(&B .$G$, "%) 9".D)&(F& .$G$

Infinitivus futuri

:.Q/./%/- *D@DC",) -2"B"./ )*2$JD"%&' )% )&.)-K *D@D-

C",) -2"B"./ $.$+),/#.) /.Q/./%/-D .$&%)'C",) -2"B"./:

infinitivus futuri activi � �ZlfiË-�-iln,

infinitivus futuri medii � �ZlfiË-�-i�wZl.

:.Q/./%/- *D@DC",) -2"B"./ D()%2"*+'"%&' - J$-/&/B)-

&%/ )% ,+$,)+)- &) J.$#"./'B/ %(!$?&B.?, '+?.&B.?, "G$y(&B, %(5$4$9(&B.?, $ %$4P" - /.Q/./%/-.K3 )*)2)%$3.

7)%+#1$)$

:.Q/./%/- *D@DC",) -2"B"./ D()%2"*+'"%&' - J$-/&/B)&%/ )%

,+$,)+)- BK&+/ / 2"#/ - /.Q/./%/-.K3 )*)2)%$3 / ("2"-)@/%-

&' .$ 2D&&4/6 'JK4 ,+$,)+)B *D@DC",) -2"B"./. 9$(2/B"2, -

)*)2)%" accusativus cum infinitivo:

¦\��q� �µ¥_ aå _��\å µ�� mIrZMorMIg ~ZÒ ¦n Æ\�cZl� §µg-

�Zl� mJiMorMrsKI ? %(!$F.B, -&" 9E D".+0A($&$ 5"$," ."9$&( ) 9 G+)C(7A)$ !%) "&D4(9)&$.B 9 D0&B.

&8D9CT ¦ACY3DD

$~�Ëiai, � µZwsaZ�, �i�Ò a�� l~�� \gµ��, %� ��\\��

tn filnm�, ~ZÒ �i�Ò a`� ±�ldfns�, & a»n ±aal~»n �gn�n ³�¡qin,

93

~ZÒ �i�Ò a�� \��, % a�Õ� ±�c�nZËaZ� iy� aÌn [�iln�n wd\Za-

aZn ³]i�in. �·~ [cn��a�l çµ�n iy�ln �¨ wi��, �´ ç�» azn ±�Zlzn

¦wi�Z�iË�na�, �·~ [cn��a�l ³nlZl azn n�µ]zn, Z´ ¦n ¦�¯µ�l�

n¯��l� ¦_lmai��n, �·fÛ aÙ ³�cZ, ' Þ�Z~\`� ³��Zaain.

±\\Ù f`\mn ¦�al a�Ëa�� a�Õ� µËw�� ³�cZ ��lsazn iµnZl,

!n [�l�a�� ~ZÒ µgcl�a�� tn Ç ²µs��. ²µ�� ¦��Ëaaia� ¦n aº

n�n ��mn¡ ¦~ a`� c`� ��\\d, ¦� !n a»n amai _��n i� clcn¼�~�µin.

��za�� n (��aai bi�µZnl~»� ³µ��. �þa�� Ãfs, áai ng-

�� tn, a»n n��n ³a�i�in ¦�Ò a�Õ� ¥��Z�� µËw��. ±\\Ù a»

��za�n µgn, ¦�iÒ Ã��ia� Æ�Ëaailn, ��\\�� ¦]Z�nia� [n�� iµ-

nZl. }Z�a�l ¦�¼��aain ¦n aå ��l~å ai ~ZÒ ��~inZ�� cå µic�-

�a�� ¥��Z��n fi��azn �Ë�c�� ~ZÒ s°�l�~i ��n ~m�µ�n

~ZÒ ¥�c��Ð ��a¯�lZ ~ZÒ �Z\~Ð á�\Z ~ZÒ Æ�aÐ ¥nw�¼��n ~ZÒ

[\\Z ��\\d. �d�Z fÛ ¦wZËµZqi a»n bi�µZnl~»n á\s § c`.

RA3D 7U58�845:C;

�Zna��Z µgn, � ]�\�l, Ãfs ò~�Ëiai �i�Ò a�� Á\\snl~�� _��,

��\\Ù fÛ [\\Z n�n çµ�n µsnË��.

ØfiË��µin cÙ� flÙ ��\\zn ��zn ~ZÒ µZ~�zn ��mn�n �·fÛ

~lnf�niË�iai ¦n aZËa aå ��i��. �éai cÙ� [c�l�l [niµ�l �éai

wd\ZaaZ �éai ��aZµ�Ò çµÐ� ~�\Ë��ln. Þc¯��µZl çµ�n iy�

��\sa�n ~ZÒ ±w¯nZ� ~ZÒ ��d�asn. Â~i� wid�i�wi ��\\Ù wZ�-

µd�lZ ~ZÒ ¥~�Ë�i�wi �i�Ò ��\lal~zn ~ZÒ ]l\��m]�n ~ZÒ ��ls-

azn, ~ZÒ �il�Z�mµiwZ clcn¼�~iln, a� ~ZÒ §µi�� a�Ëa�l� Æ]i�\�µin.

elÙ a��a� ¦\��q� çµÐ� aå _��\å µ�� l�aiË�iln ~ZÒ ¦n Æ\�-

cZl� §µg�Zl� ��iË�i�wZl.

7'%+'%T):

��`� �Z\lnm� ¦�aln ¥nw�¼��l� Ç n��.

J'1$)1#

¥~�Ë� &+KN$%L, &+DN$%L (.4.

('0.&)'()

Ç µZwsa¯�, �� D#"./4

�_, �, � 4)%)2K6

³�sµ��, �n (D&%K..K6

f`\��, s, �n '&.K6, )#"-/@.K6,

'-.K6

áµ�� )@.$4)

Æ�Ëaa� 4)($%L

¦��Ëaa� -K4$(K-$%L

94

§ p�, p�_ (&"+B'" sg.) J"B+',

&%2$.$ (.4. ,$"+",)?, ,$",4(*)?)

clcn¼�~� DJ.$-$%L (.4. ,%".$"+"-

,)?)

��za��, s, �n ("2-K6 (.4. D4"-

&"&)D)

Ç ³µ��, �� 4D("R

Ç gJ[_, gJ[ DB

¥��Z��, Z, �n @2"-./6 (.4. (4-

/$"+",)?, (4/()'()

�gJN_, �gJNg *"JDB.K6

M¤gJN_, M¤gJNg @)*2)P"+$-

%"+L.K6, *+$,)2$&()+)P".-

.K6

~Z�a�l )@.$4)

iç��~� .$3)@/%L

Ç ~m�µ��, �� ()2'@)4, 42$&)%$,

D42$N"./" (.4. '".5".)

eiNrJ[_, �, J[g J)+)%)6 (.4. ¨4)-

=".&"5)

�ipNiJ[_, ¥, J[g &"2"*2'.K6

eKqdJ[_, �, J[g B"@.K6

a» �rZJ[g, �� 4)&%L

µsnË� -)J-"C$%L

ÇfiË� (D%"N"&%-)-$%L

~lnf�niË� *K%L - )($&.)&%/

�éai... �éai ./... ./

µ¯ai... µ¯ai ./... ./

§cg�µZl (+dat.) -"&%/, (2"@-)@/-

%"+L&%-)-$%L

§ ��\sa��, �� =/+"%

Z¨ ±w`nZl, zn 1Q/.K

wid�µZl 2$&&B$%2/-$%L, &)J"2-

R$%L

Ç ��\lal~m�, �� ,)&D@$2&%-"..K6

@"'%"+L, ()+/%/4

Ç ]l\m��]��, �� Q/+)&)Q

�il�d�µZl (K%$%L&'

Æ]i�\� *K%L @)+P.KB, *K%L

)*'J$..KB

flÙ a��a� ()T%)BD

¦\��q� .$@"'%L&'

§ ±aal~¯, `� 1%%/4$

±aal~m�, ¯, mn $%%/#"&4/6

bi�µZnl~m�, ¯, mn ,"2B$.&4/6

��~snZ��, Z, �n B/4".&4/6

Ç �Z\lnm�, �� DJ@$

a» ��a¯�l�n, �� 4D*)4 (.4. D"&)4)

Ç �Ë�c��, �� *$N.'

K/ L,6,-, M#6'+#

{¦µM�n Q� JLoJ lfemOLo ¥]LµMJ. (_ 2"4. 2, _6)

pMµ�ReLJ }~f �RRLJ LvQM\n QNJ[O[e ^M�J[e X[f~ OUJ VMTµMJLJ, §n gmOeJ xKmLon lfemOWn. (_ 2"4. 3, __)

hNfeLJ OUJ pMWJ mLi XfLmViJ�mMen V[\ [vO� µWJj R[OfMNmMen.

(>0'. 4,8)

Ç n��, n�� DB ~i�µin��, s, �n +"P$C/6

Ç wiµg\l��, �� )&.)-$./" á�, î, á 4)%)2K6

fËnZµZl B)#L ��~�ng� ()4+).'%L&'

wi�nZl (inf.) ()+)P/%L \Za�iË� &+DP/%L

95

K/ C,-,$"E9'%):

Þ �Z�wgn�� ¯µi��n a»n ç�i��Ë�l�n a�~ail, ~Zl § c` a»

��¯\Zl�n aº ¥��aº ��dcil� (I).@$4 <)P@"&%-$)

�¯µi��n &",)@.' a» ��¯\Zl�n, �� ("C"2$

ç�i��Ë�l�� &-"23&DC.)&%.K6 ¥��m�la��, �n ."(2/&%D(.K6

a�~a� 2)P@$%L ��dc� (2/-)@/%L

823#9%'%):

I. !2)&4+).'6%": a» ¥�c��n á�\�n � § ±aal~Ì c` (sg.)

II. H*2$JD6%" ind. / inf. fut. )% ,+$,)+)-: wË� � §cg�µZl � wid�µZl.

III. !"2"-"@/%": W. ��Ðaai ¥iÒ a��a�, % ��Ì ��daailn. 2. �Ì �i�-w�� a�Ëa¡, á� ¦�aln [n��. 3. �l�aiË��µin a�Ëa�l�, !n Ç n�� ¦�aln ¦�w\»� ~ZÒ f�~Zl��. 4. ) ~i\iËil�, [n�ld ¦�aln, � ]�\i. 5.

�mn�l �þa�l �¨ µZwsaZ�, �´ i� ¦µdnwZn�n, ~Z\»n ³�Zln�n \Zµ-

_dn��ln. 6. Â\��q�µgn �i �l�aiË�iln a�� ién�l� ]�\�l�. 7.

±cZµgµn�n, " ��\\�Ò Ç�\�aZl ¦�i�w�na�, filn»� tn fi��mas�. 8. ±�l\\iË�, �þ § µ¯as� tn wid, ~ZÒ ç�» azn ¦nZna��n ¦wZ�-

µdqia�.

96

2"?) < 4

III &4+)."./": )&.)-K .$ -�, -n. Particip-ium futuri medii ,+$,)+)- & ,+$&.KB/ )&.)-$B/.

:.Q/./%/-.$' 4).&%2D4R/'. Participi-um futuri & R"+"-KB J.$#"./"B (Î�). Genetivus (2/ (2/+$,$%"+L.K3 (¦�l�a¯µ�n). !2"@+), ç�g�.

i3'+F' $1",%'%)' $ED'$+6)+'"F%&G.

BCD)' $6'5'%):

I III &4+)."./0 )%.)&'%&' &+)-$ & )&.)-$B/ .$ -&" &),+$&-

.K", $ %$4P" .$ ,+$&.K" -l / -� (2"@4) .$ -� / -�), .$ @/Q%).,/ -

i�, -Z�, -��. !)&4)+L4D )&.)-K - III &4+).".// -"&LB$ 2$J.))*-

2$J.K / - /B"./%"+L.)B ($@"P" "@/.&%-"..),) #/&+$ B),D%

*K%L (2"@&%$-+".K - /JB"."..)B -/@", %) @+' )(2"@"+"./' )&-

.)-K &+)-$ - &+)-$2" 2'@)B & /&3)@.)6 Q)2B)6 - /B"./%"+L-

.)B ($@"P" D4$JK-$"%&' %$4P" / 2)@/%"+L.K6 ($@"P "@/.&%-

-"..),) #/&+$ @$..),) &+)-$ (/.),@$ ()+.)&%L0, .) #$C" �

%)+L4) 4)."#.$' #$&%L )&.)-K & )4).#$./"B, 4$4 T%) (2/.'%) /

- +$%/.&4)B 'JK4"). I III &4+)."./0 )%.)&'%&' &+)-$ -&"3 %2"3

2)@)-. 9$(2/B"2: Ç ¥¯�, ¥g�� 9"=!0/, § �w¼n, �w�nm� =$5+?, a»

³Z�, ³Z�� 9$.%(.

@98568 4VAFD8DC8. ?4DF:E D3 -j, -g

5 @$..)B D2)4" 2$&&B$%2/-$0%&' (+$-.K" )&.)-K .$ -� ()&-

.)-$ .$ -\ (2"@&%$-+".$ %)+L4) - &+)-" Ç ¿\�, ë\m� ."+B) / .)&)-

-K" .$ -n.

B$%,6& %# -j

:B"./%"+L.K6 ($@"P "@/.&%-"..),) #/&+$ )&.)- .$ -� )*-

2$JD"%&' $&/,B$%/#"&4/W / - *)+LN/.&%-" &+D#$"- & 2$&%'P"./-

"B ,+$&.),) J-D4$ )&.)-K, (2/#"B � ("2"3)@/% - �, $ i - s, .$-

(2/B"2:

W ?/,B$%/#"&4)6 .$JK-$"%&' Q)2B$, )*2$JD0C$'&' & ()B)CL0

)4).#$./' (/+/ &DQQ/4&$) «&» (() .$J-$./0 ,2"#"&4)6 *D4-K � � .),-

5(). 1&/,B$%/#"&4$' Q)2B$ %$4),) «&» ." &)@"2P/%.

97

Ç �¯a�� "4(&"4 ()&.)-$ �sa��),

Ç ¥¯� 9"=!0/ ()&.)-$ ¥i�).

O$4/B )*2$J)B, nom. sg. )&.)- .$ -� B)P"% )4$.#/-$%L&' .$

-��, -s�, -Z�. 5 4)&-"..K3 ($@"P$3 )&.)-$ -K&%D($"% - #/&%)B

-/@", .$(2/B"2, 2)@. (. "@. #.: a�� ¯a��.

7&+/ P" 4)."#.K6 ,+$&.K6 )&.)-K @)+),, %) /B"./%"+L.K6

($@"P (2"@&%$-+'"% &)*)6 #/&%D0 )&.)-D (Ç ~�Za¯�, ~�Za`��

-(A(, )&.)-$ � ~�Zas�). ?+)-$ & (+$-.)6 )&.)-)6 () (2"/BDC"-

&%-D *K-$0% BDP&4),) 2)@$, /.),@$ � P".&4),) / &2"@.",).


Nom. Ç �¯a�� "4(&"4 �¨ �¯a��i� "4(&"4E

Gen. a�� ¯a�� "4(&"4( azn �sam��n "4(&"4"9

Dat. aº �¯a��l "4(&"40 a�� ¯a��l(n) "4(&"4(5

Acc. a»n �¯a��Z "4(&"4( a�Õ� �¯a��Z� "4(&"4"9

Voc. (�) �à�� " "4(&"4! (�)!�¯a��i�! " "4(&"4E!


Nom. Ç ~�Za¯� -(A( �¨ ~�Za`�i� -(A)

Gen. a�� ~�Za`�� -(A) azn ~�Za¯��n -(A

Dat. aº ~�Za`�l -(A$ a�� ~�Za`��l(n) -(A(5

Acc. a»n ~�Za`�Z -(A0 a�Õ� ~�Za`�Z� -(A)

Voc. (�) ~�Za¯� " -(A(! (�)!~�Za`�i�! " -(A)!

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\z� _l�aiËiln. 4. Þ fm�Z �� \dµkil ¦n á\¡ aº ~m�µ¡. 5. �� µiai�gµk� ¦~ aZËas� a`� n¯��, � ³µ��i; 6. �gµkZai ]d�µZ-

~Z ~ZÒ ��a�n iy� aÙ� ¥��l~�Z�, � ��\�aZl. 7. ��nZ� �¼�Z� ¦_\gkZ-

ai, � nZ�aZl, ¦n aº a`� �l_Ës� �i��\¡; 8. Ø ¥�lf»� §µÐ� ai�kd-

a� ©fZ�� al�ln.

IV. !"2"-"@/%", )*2$C$' -./B$./" .$ D@$2"./': nZ�aZ� alni� �

a�ni� ci�a�ni� � yµdalmn al � Yyw��k� al�ln � i¶� ¥�a¯� � ¥�a¯�

al� � a��l c�nZl��n � ¦n \lµgnl aln� � a�n�n ai�nlazn ³�cZ � �sam-

��n alnzn \mc�l.

W28

2"?) < 9

III &4+)."./": JD*.K" )&.)-K. Dativus modi. !2"@+),/ ��m, Ýni~Z.

@98568 4VAFD8DC8. -UwDE8 F4DF:E

H&.)-K .$ JD*.K" J-D4/ - @2"-.",2"#"&4)B 'JK4" (2"@&%$--

+".K - )&.)-.)B &DC"&%-/%"+L.KB/ P".&4),) / &2"@.",) 2)@$.

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/ P".&4),) 2)@$ & JD*.KB/ )&.)-$B/ (f, a, w) )*2$JD"%&' &/,B$-

%/#"&4/. SD*.)6 J-D4 ("2"@ &/,B)6 - nom. sing. / - dat. pl. -K-

($@$"%. !)T%)BD nom. sg. /B". BDP&4),) / P".&4),) 2)@$ &

JD*.KB/ )&.)-$B/ B)P"% )4$.#/-$%L&' .$:

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9/P" (2/-)@/%&' &4+)."./" &DC"&%-/%"+L.K3 § ¦\��, ¦\-

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G+(,"!(&B, 5)+".&B, D4$+$.&B, § ~m��, ~m��w�� ()&.)-$ ~��w-)

A+$5.

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N. § ¦\�� %(!$C!( Z¨! ¦\��fi�! %(!$C!E

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A. aÌn ¦\��fZ! %(!$C!0 aÙ�! ¦\��fZ�! [9)C0] %(!$C!E

V. (�) ¦\��! " %(!$C!(! (�) ¦\��fi�! " %(!$C!E!

W29

Singularis Pluralis

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A. aÌn �d�ln G+(,"!(&B aÙ�! �d�laZ�! 5)+".&)

V. (�) �d�l�! " G+(,"!(&B! (�) �d�lai�! " 5)+".&)!

Singularis Pluralis

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NB 5 -/./%"+L.)B ($@"P" "@/.&%-"..),) #/&+$ D &+)- .$ -l� / -�� %/($

barytona )4).#$./" -n: �d�ln, ~m��n. S-$%"+L.K6 ($@"P "@/.&%-"..),)

#/&+$ D ./3 4$4 (2$-/+) 2$-". /B"./%"+L.)BD (�d�l�, ~m��), 4$4 / -

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-a )&.)-K )%($@$"%: a» c�dµµZ, c�dµµZa�� G0'9(; a» ¢n�µZ, Ænm-

µZa�� )5?.

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7)%+#1$)$

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vus modi (&2. ablativus modi - +$%/.&4)B 'JK4"). 9$ 2D&&4/6

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W30

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a�Ëa¡ aº a�m�¡ &(')5 "G4(="5;

]�cå G$,"5.

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��» �l\¯a�� D$4$! 3)+$&"5,

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�m��n ~ZÒ n�µ�wiazn ~ZÒ ��lsazn ��dcµZaZ.

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a�m�¡ s·�dnia� î ai ¦µ��Z ~ZÒ § i·fZlµ�n�Z § azn ��\lazn

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�þa�l ³n ai a�� \��n ci��czn ¥c�� ~ZÒ ¦n a�� µiad\-

\�l� ¦�cdqi�wZl ònZc~dq�na�. ð�Zn fÛ �¨ f��\�l azn ~��n

~a¯µZaZ �·fÛ tn Z·a�� nm�a�� ¦\��.

ðn ~ZÒ ��\\Ù ¦�cZ�a¯�lZ, ¦n �¶� �¨ f��\�l ~Z~z� ³�Z��n.

�ic��as cÙ� tn ³nfilZ ¨µZa��n ~ZÒ ¥cZ\µda�n ~ZÒ w��d~�n

~ZÒ ¥��f�n. ²�\Z cÙ� ]g�iln ~ZÒ ~lnfËn�n clcn�µgn�n aÌn

�Za��fZ ]�\daailn ¦\i�wg��n ��\lazn tn.

7'%+'%T))

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aZ. 3. }a`µZ iy� ¥i�. (!) B."./0 XD4/@/@$, %$4)-) *K+) @)&%)-

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[�al ."@$-.) ¦�scg�µZl 2$&&4$JK-$%L, 2$JÖ-

'&.'%L a» pitµµK, Za�� *D4-$ (.4.

,4(55(&)'() a» vgJµK, Za�� /B' ��¯�lµ��, s, �n ()+"J.K6 a» mi¥pµK, Za�� @"+), -"CL (.4.

D4(,5(&)=5) a» gnµIrµK, Za�� B)."%$ (.4.

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#/.)6, -/.)-.K6 Ç a�m��, �� )*2$J, &()&)* § i·fZlµ�n�Z, Z� &#$&%L", *+$,)-

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a» ei�µK, Za�� -"CL, @"+) aÙ ei�µKZK, �n @".L,/, /BDC"-

&%-) ��\\gc� &)*/2$%L �\g�n *)+LN" Ýni~Z D".+$ gen. 2$@/, /J-J$ a» µgaZ\\�n, �� 2D@./4 (.4. 5$-

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K/ L,6,-, M#6'+#

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VT� [vOLo. (3*. _3, 57)

h[\ xKmLon XfL�VLXOMJ gJ O� mLST� V[\ YReVT� V[\ ]�feOe X[f~

^M� V[\ PJ^fsXLen. (>'. 2, 52)

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(mXLiQ��MOM) �OKfM�J O�J �JWOKO[ OLo XJMNµ[OLn gJ O�

miJQ�mµj O·n Muf�JKn¢ ¬J mZµ[ V[\ »J XJMoµ[� (�*. 4, 3-4)

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§ ��]¯as�, �� (2)2)4 § änmas�, sa�� "@/.&%-)

[alµ��, �n ."D-$P$"BK6 Ç �Ënfi�µ��, �� &)0J

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a» ��`µZ, Za�� -/@, -."N.)&%L! q¡��lg� )P/-+'%L

as�g� *"2"#L

W32

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Zy�n��n� (14$Q/&%, /4)& 8)

§ ~\iÒ�, ~\ilfm� 4+0# Zy¼nl��, �n -"#.K6

§ ¦\�Ò�, ¦\��f�� .$@"P@$

823#9%'%):

I. !2)&4+).'6%": a» �»n ��ÐcµZ � § ��\�ns ¥�� § ]�_i�Ù

³�l�.

II. H(2"@"+/%" .$#$+L.D0 Q)2BD / Q)2BD 2)@/%"+L.),) ($@"P$

"@/.&%-"..),) #/&+$ & $2%/4+"B / ("2"-"@/%": W. �¯a��ln � c\Z�-

��n � §ciµm�ln � ¸�Zkln � �ilµz�ln � �d�l�ln � ¥cd\µZ�ln �

¥�a�d�ln � ��¯µZ�ln � ~m�Z�ln. 2. ¥g�Z � [n�lZ � µ`nZ � µgaZ\-

\Z � nmµl�µZ � ]d�µZ~Z � �Za��fZ � ~a¯µZaZ � ag~a�nZ � ag~-

nZ � Yyw��Z � c�nZ�~Z.

III. !"2"-"@/%": W. �zn ci��czn tn aÌn c`n ¦�cdqi�wZl, azn fÛ

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~\i��na�. 3. �·~ ¦�`n a�� f�Ë\�l� �½~Zfi ¦�Zng��i�wZl. 4. Â~�-

\Ë�na� ç�» azn ~��n, �´ Z·azn t��n, a�� ¦\i�wg�� _��. 5.

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�� ¦�cdqi�wZl �·~ ¦�ZË�na� fl á\�� a�� _��.

W33

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-D / )4$.#/-$"%&' .$ ,+$&.K6 (()&+" )%($@"./' 4)."#.),) &)-

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W34

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W35

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W59

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*�ZlfiË��na� %(5$4$9(Fy)7.? 9".D)&E9(&B (9".D)&(&B), �Zl-

fiË��Z < *�ZlfiË�nalZ %(5$4$9(Fy(?.? 9".D)&E9(&B (9".D)-

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%2"%L"BD.

m f n

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Gen. �ZlfiË��na�� Zlfi��Ë�s� �ZlfiË��na��

Dat. �ZlfiË��nal �Zlfi��Ë� �ZlfiË��nal

Acc. �ZlfiË��naZ �ZlfiË��Zn �Zlfi��n

Pl. Nom. �ZlfiË��nai� �ZlfiË��Zl �ZlfiË��naZ

Gen. �Zlfi��mna�n �Zlfi��zn �Zlfi��mna�n

Dat. �ZlfiË��l(n) �Zlfi��Ë�Zl� �ZlfiË��l(n)

Acc. �ZlfiË��naZ� �Zlfi��Ë�Z� �ZlfiË��naZ

Participium aoristi activi

!2/#$&%/" $)2/&%$ @"6&%-/%"+L.),) J$+),$ )*2$JD"%&' )%

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5 BDP&4)B 2)@" )*2$J)-$./" Q)2B (2)3)@/% () (2/.R/(D

&DC"&%-/%"+L.K3 %/($ c�cÔ� / (2/+$,$%"+L.),) �Ð�, �Ð�Z,

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@$ � () %2"%L"BD.

m f n

Sg. Nom. �ZlfiË�Z� �ZlfiË�Z�Z �Zlfi��Zn

Gen. �ZlfiË�Zna�� Zlfi��d�s� �ZlfiË�Zna��

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Acc. �ZlfiË�ZnaZ �ZlfiË�Z�Zn �Zlfi��Zn

Pl. Nom. �ZlfiË�Znai� �ZlfiË�Z�Zl �ZlfiË�ZnaZ

Gen. �Zlfi��dna�n �Zlfi��Z�zn �Zlfi��dna�n

Dat. �ZlfiË�Z�l(n) �Zlfi��d�Zl� �ZlfiË�Z�l(n)

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W62

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+$-&4$JD"B),), .$JK-$"%&' -/./%"+L.KB ($@"P)B -.D%2"..",)

)*Ö"4%$ (accusativus obiecti interni), /+/ -/./%"+L.KB ($@"P)B

&)@"2P$./': µicd\sn µd�sn µd�i�wZl !(9(&B G"+BA"$ .4(C$-

%)$. 5 @2"-.",2"#"&4)B 'JK4" (2/ .$+/#// )(2"@"+"./' D &D-

C"&%-/%"+L.),) B)P"% )(D&4$%L&' &$B) &DC"&%-/%"+L.)", $ )(-

2"@"+"./" %),@$ &%$-/%&' - &2"@."B 2)@" "@/.&%-"..),) /+/

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È\Ëµ�lZ nl~`�Zl "!$4C(&B D"G$!0 %( ¡+)5D)7.')/ ),4(/.

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¥w\iË��Zl �é��ai t�Zn ¦n aå È\�µ��.

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fÛ ä��a`� ai\i�as�d�s� �¨ ��\�aZl a�Õ� ¦�Zni��µgn�� ¦fg-

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ai�n�aZl a�� È\Ëµ�lZ nl~¯�Z�ln ¥nf�ldnaZ� õf��n. elÙ �Zn-

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ä��aÌn [c� (2$J@.)-$%L

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c�µnm�, ¯, mn ,)+K6

c�µnl~m�, ¯, mn ,/B.$&%/#"&4/6

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¥cznZ [c� (2)-)@/%L &)&%'J$-

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c�µndq� D(2$P.'%L, %2"./2)-

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a» íw\�n, �� .$,2$@$ J$ ()*"@D

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a» wiµg\l�n, �� QD.@$B".%

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ai�win µi��q��Z Î� iy� ¥��Ù� iy� ag��Z�Z h·Zccg\lZ�

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W66

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cin¯�, i·cing� G+(,"4"!%E7.

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Activum


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Aoristus coniunctivi

Activum


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Medium


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Aoristus optativi Activum


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Medium


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Infinitivus aoristi activi � µZw-i�n

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Dat. aå n�~a� aZ�� n��(n)

Acc. aÌn nË~aZ aÙ� nË~aZ�

Voc. (�) nË� (�) nË~ai�

?2"@/ (2/+$,$%"+L.K3 %2"3 )4).#$./6 III &4+)."./' "&%L

)#".L ."*)+LN$' ,2D(($ (2/+$,$%"+L.K3 & )&.)-)6 .$ -n, /J

4)%)2K3 .$/*)+"" D()%2"*/%"+L.KB '-+'"%&' &+)-) µg\Z�,

µg\ZlnZ, µg\Zn -$4%E7. :B"./%"+L.K6 ($@"P "@/.&%-"..),)

#/&+$ BDP&4),) 2)@$ )*2$JD"%&' D .",) &/,B$%/#"&4/ & 2$&%'-

P"./"B ,+$&.),) )&.)-K: µg\Ô� < µg\Ón + �. :B"./%"+L.K6,

-/./%"+L.K6 / J-$%"+L.K6 ($@"P/ "@/.&%-"..),) #/&+$ &2"@-

.",) 2)@$ 2$-.K #/&%)6 )&.)-" � µg\Zn. X)2B$ P".&4),) 2)@$

)*2$JD"%&' & ()B)CL0 &DQQ/4&$ -lZ )% )&.)-K .$ -Zn, (2/#"B

,2D(($ Zn + lZ ("2"3)@/% - -ZlnZ: µi\Zn + lZ > µg\ZlnZ. V%$

Q)2B$ /JB".'"%&' () I &4+)."./0:

m f n

Sg. Nom. µg\Z� µg\ZlnZ µg\Zn

Gen. µg\Zn�� µi\Z�ns� µg\Zn��

Dat. µg\Znl µi\Z�n µg\Znl

Acc. µg\ZnZ µg\ZlnZn µg\Zn

Voc. µg\Zn µg\ZlnZ µg\Zn

Pl. Nom. µg\Zni� µg\ZlnZl µg\ZnZ

Gen. µi\dn�n µi\Zlnzn µi\dn�n

Dat. µg\Z�l(n) µi\Z�nZl� µg\Z�l(n)

Acc. µg\ZnZ� µi\Z�nZ� µg\ZnZ

Voc. µg\Zni� µg\ZlnZl µg\ZnZ

5 D2)4" 23 BK DP" 2$&&B$%2/-$+/ (2/+$,$%"+L.K" %2"3

)4).#$./6 III &4+)."./' & )&.)-)6 .$ na- %/($ (2/+$,$%"+L.),)

�Ð�, �Ð�Z, �Ðn 9$.B, 9.?')7 / D()B/.$+/, #%) %$4/" (2/+$,$-

%"+L.K" B),D% /B"%L ("2"@ 4)."#.)6 ,2D(()6 &),+$&.K3 )&.)-

-K 2$J.D0 ),+$&)-4D -Zna-, -ina-, -�na-. !2/+$,$%"+L.)" ä~¼n,

ä~��Z, ä~mn !"G4"9"+B%E7 ()&.)-$ ä~mna-) / (2)/J-)@.)" )%

.",) & ()B)CL0 )%2/R$%"+L.)6 $+LQK (< ¥g~�n) (2/+$,$%"+L-

W92

.)" [~�n, [~��Z, í~�n %$!"G4"9"+B%E7 ()&.)-$ ¥~mna-) )%.)-

&'%&' 4 &+)-$B & ),+$&)-4)6 -�na-.

:B"./%"+L.K6 ($@"P "@/.&%-"..),) #/&+$ BDP&4),) 2)@$

T%),) (2/+$,$%"+L.),) )*2$J)-$. $&/,B$%/#"&4/, 4$4 - &+)-" Ç

cg��n, & )%($@"./"B 4)."#.),) &),+$&.),) )&.)-K a- / D@+/."-

./"B � > � (ä~¼n < *ä~�na). :B"./%"+L.K6, -/./%"+L.K6 / J-$-

%"+L.K6 ($@"P/ "@/.&%-"..),) #/&+$ &2"@.",) 2)@$ (2"@&%$--

+'0% &)*)6 #/&%D0 )&.)-D & )%($@"./"B 4)."#.),) &),+$&.),)

)&.)-K a: ä~mn < *ä~�na. :B"./%"+L.K6 ($@"P "@/.&%-"..),)

#/&+$ P".&4),) 2)@$ )*2$JD"%&' & ()B)CL0 &DQQ/4&$ -lZ )%

)&.)-K .$ na-, ()&+" (2/*$-+"./' 4)%)2),) -�na-lZ > -��Z:

ä~�na + lZ > ä~��Z. X)2B$ P".&4),) 2)@$ &4+).'"%&' () ("2-

-)BD &4+)."./0 (4$4, .$(2/B"2, § ��Z).

m f n

Sg. Nom. ä~¼n ä~��Z ä~mn

Gen. ä~mna�� ä~�Ë�s� ä~mna��

Dat. ä~mnal ä~�Ë� ä~mnal

Acc. ä~mnaZ ä~��Zn ä~mn

Pl. Nom. ä~mnai� ä~��Zl ä~mnaZ

Gen. ä~mna�n ä~��zn ä~mna�n

Dat. ä~��l(n) ä~�Ë�Zl� ä~��l(n)

Acc. ä~mnaZ� ä~�Ë�Z� ä~mnaZ

!) %$4)BD P" (2/.R/(D &4+).'"%&' / (2/+$,$%"+L.)" [~�n,

[~��Z, í~�n %$!"G4"9"+B%E7.

7)%+#1$)$

!2/+$,$%"+L.K" �d�g, �dJ[rK, �dng !"G4"9"+B%E7 / �dHg,

�dJNrK, �dJg %$!"G4"9"+B%E7 - (2"@+)P".// #$&%) J$./B$0%

(2"@/4$%/-.D0 ()J/R/0, %) "&%L ." &+"@D0% J$ $2%/4+"B, .$-

3)@'&L +/*) ()&+" &DC"&%-/%"+L.),) & $2%/4+"B, +/*) ("2"@

$2%/4+"B. 5 %$4)B &+D#$" () J.$#"./0 )./ &%$.)-'%&' 4$4 *K

&4$JD"BKB @$..)6 BK&+/ (2/ )(2"@"+'"B)B &DC"&%-/%"+L.)B

4$4 ()@+"P$C"B T%)6 BK&+/:

~ZÒ tn ��ai ��mn��, áai ~ZÒ iy� aÌn ��d�asn ��lsaZÒ ä~mnai�

ê~�n ) GE+" %$'",!( 94$5?, '",!( ) 9 �D(4&0 D"H&E D4)/"!)+)

!"G4"9"+B%";

W93

�·� ä~mnai� �¨ ±�Zl�Ò aÌn f��\i�Zn ³]i��n (/$7#E D$4$%"-

.)+) 4(G.&9" D4"&)9 .9"$7 9"+);

�¨ ��Z�alÐaZl a�Õ� �i�l��~�� [~�naZ� ��a�ZaiËi�wZl

¦~g\i��n .D(4&(%#E D4)'(=E9(+) D$4)H'(5 D4"&)9 )/ 9"+) 95$-.&$ )!&) 9 D"/"!.

9$ 2D&&4/6 'JK4 T%/ (2/+$,$%"+L.K" - (2"@/4$%/-.)B D()%-

2"*+".// D@)*.) ("2"-)@/%L .$2"#/'B/ «@)*2)-)+L.)» / «."-

@)*2)-)+L.)» /+/ -K2$P"./'B/ «() &-)"6 -)+"» / «(2)%/-

-)+/».

? WCjDC : (73958

�dnai� �¨ �gn�l iy� aÌn ��d�asn ¦\wmnai� a» [�a� ¥ai��l�-

a�n iµnZl ¦wZËµZq�n. �¨ fÛ ��Z�alÐaZl ¥�i~��n�na� Z·a�� aÌn

azn ¥nf�zn ¥nf�i�Zn [�l�a�n [�ai�� ai�� iµnZl. �Ð� cÙ�

��Z�alZazn ¥nÌ� tn �a�Zal¼as�, ~ZÒ �Ð�l a�� ¥nf�d�ln �¨ nm-

µ�l, !n Z½al�� iµnZl Ç ��~��c�� ¦\gcia�, ¦�gaZaa�n §µg�Z� ~ZÒ

n�~a»� aÌn �Za��fZ ]�\daailn. elÙ a��a� �¨ [nf�i� ~�lnå µÛn aÙ

�¼µZaZ ¦cËµnZq�n, ~�lnå fÛ ~ZÒ Ã�wl�n ¦n a�� la��l� ~ZÒ

¦ag��na� i·ai\i� a��]å, µd\l�aZ fÛ aº µg\Znl q�µº. ð��n

fÛ Z·azn fË� _Z�l\i�� ~ZÒ �¨ a`� ci��Z� cg��nai� ~ZÒ �gnai

³]��l.

��»� fÛ a»n �a�Zal�azn _��n ¦�ZlfiË�na� �õ ai �Z�fi� ~ZÒ �¨

³]s_�l. �iaÙ cÙ� a»n Ý_f�µ�n ¦nlZ�a»n a» �ZlfiËiln �·~gal

aZ�� µsa�d�ln �·fÛ a�� Za�d�ln ¦�`n, ¥\\Ù ~ZÒ § azn ng�n

�Zlfi�Z tn ~�ln¯. �°a�� ¦µdnwZn�n aÙ �¼µZaZ ¥�~`�Zl, _�Z-

�g�� ¥��~��ni�wZl, �ZnaÒ ¥nf�Ò �i�wi�wZl, a�Õ� cg��naZ� wi�Z-

�iËiln. �Z\Zl»� ~ZÒ a�Z�Õ� nmµ�� tn a�Õ� �Z�fZ� ¦n aº a`� ±�-

agµlf�� nZº µd�al�l �\¯aai�wZl, õnZ µdw��ln [\cs ¥nf�i��

]g�iln. }ZÒ Z¨ azn ��Z�alZazn w�cZag�i� ¦c�µndq�na� ¦n aº

a�g�iln ~ZÒ aº ¿\\i�wZl, á�� § w�cdas� Çµ��Z cgnsaZl aå µs-

a�Ò y��Õn ~ZÒ çc�ilZn. ±\\Ù ~ZÒ ûfiln ~ZÒ ��iËiln ¦µdnwZn�n.

}ZÒ tn ��ai ��mn��, áai ~ZÒ iy� aÌn ��d�asn ��lsaZÒ ä~mnai�

ê~�n Î� ~Z\Z�� ©fZ�� ~ZÒ i·�i_g�ln °µn�l� aÙ� azn wizn ä��-

aÙ� ~��µ¯��nai�.

-�ai��n fÛ µiaÙ µicd\Z� azn i¨\¼a�n �ad�il� ~ZÒ �liqmµi-

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W94

¥µi\`�Zl. �mai § ��d�as �dna�� Çµ��Z tn �a�Za��gf¡. Â�Ò

��n µZ~�»n ��mn�n �¨ ��Z�alÐaZl ¦n �d� aå Á\\dfl [�l�a�l

�a�ZalzaZl ¦n�µ�q�na� iµnZl.

7'%+'%T))

W. Ïsa�»�W cÙ� ¥nÌ� ��\\zn ¥nad�l�� [\\�n. 2. ��s�a��

�Z� ¥nf�»� ��Ì ��]mn al µZnwdniln. 3. ±nf�zn �Õ ]ZË\�n á�-

~�n iy� °f�� c�d]i. 4. bËµnZqi �Z�fZ�¾ [nf�Z� �· cÙ� c�µnd-

�il�. 5. ^�Z�Õ� µÛn Ç _��, § fÛ ag�ns µZ~�d (8/(()42$%).

J'1$)1#

a» �rZN, i�� ,)2)@ (D42"(+".-

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Ç �g�i, ¥nf�m� BDP#/.$, #"+)-"4

§ nË�, n�~am� .)#L

~�lnm�, ¯, mn )*C/6

~�lnå J$)@.), -B"&%"

i·ai\¯�, g� @"N"-K6

µlqK_, µlqKIgK, µlqKg #"2.K6

(.4. 5$+(%/"+)?, 3$+(%$=)?)

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§ µd�al�, lc�� */#, 4.D%

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C/6 (2)%/- -)+/, ." @)*2)-

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4$-)$5: ." @)*2)-)+L.), (2)-

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i·�i_¯�, g� *+$,)#"&%/-K6

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a» �a�Zam�if�n, �� -)"..K6

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a» ��al�n, �� )*C/6 )*"@,

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K/ L,6,-, M#6'+#

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W95

|v }�f gmOeJ PJ�f gV }iJ[eVUn PRR~ }iJ� g� PJQfWn¢ V[\ }~f

LvV gVOTm^K PJ�f Qe~ O�J }iJ[�V[ PRR~ }iJ� Qe~ OUJ �JQf[. (_ 2"4. __, 8-9)

ÍLNRLµ[e LÉJ XfLmMN]Mm^[e OL£n �JQf[n gJ X[JO\ OWXj gX[T-fLJO[n kmTLin ]M�f[n ]�f\n ¹f}·n V[\ Qe[RL}emµLo. (_ :)5. 2, 8)

©u }~f �V¯J OLoOL Xf�mm�, µemÛJ ¥]�¢ Mu Q� �V�J� (_ 2"4. 9, _7)

§ ~i]Z\¯, `� ,+$-$, ,)+)-$

¦~a��ws &)J@$.

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á�l��, Z, �n (2"()@)*.K6

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K/ C,-,$"E9'%):

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aZ�� (V4J$()&%/+$2/6 &+DP*K &-'%/%"+0 9/4)+$0 =/2+/-

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($2L <)P@"&%-$)

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(2$-@$

823#9%'%):

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¥~mna�n a�� gn�l� �·~ ¦�`n ¦n aå ��d�a µgniln. W0. �m\�n��

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W96

2"?) 3 0

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?w93jF:3DC8 45878D8� 493:D8DC; D3 -ZMiJ_, -ZKZJ_

O3)"#-#+'"F%&'

5 (2"@K@DC/3 D2)4$3 (D2)4 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, W2, W3, W4, 23, 25, 26,

28, 29) BK DP" J.$4)B/+/&L & (2/+$,$%"+L.KB/ - ()+)P/%"+L-

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(2/+$,$%"+L.K3 )*2$JD0%&' &2$-./%"+L.$' &%"(".L (gradus

comparativus) / (2"-)&3)@.$' (gradus superlativus).

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)% (2/+$,$%"+L.),) f�~Zl��, fl~Z�Z, f�~Zl�n .D4(9$!+)9E7, (?, "$ ()&.)-$ fl~Zl�-) &2$-./%"+L.$' &%"(".L � fl~Zlmai��, fl~Zl�-

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W97

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��, -i�ag�Ô, -g�ai��n, $ (2"-)&3)@.D0 � (2/*$-+"./"B &DQ-

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fZlµ�ng�ai�� i·fZlµ�ng�aZa��.

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5 D2)4" WW DP" 2$&&B$%2/-$+)&L )*2$J)-$./" .$2"#/6 - ()-

+)P/%"+L.)6 &%"("./, (2)/J-)@.K3 )% (2/+$,$%"+L.K3 I � II

&4+)."./6, & ()B)CL0 4)."#.),) T+"B".%$ -��. O$4 P" )*2$-

JD0%&' / .$2"#/', (2)/J-)@.K" )% (2/+$,$%"+L.K3 III &4+)."-

./': aZ�Ë� GE.&4E7 � aZ�g�� GE.&4", �Z]¯� ?.%E7 � �Z-

]z� ?.%", �¼]��n 4(=05%E7 � ��]�mn�� 4(=05%", �Ð�

9$.B � �dna�� 9.?-$.'), �Z��il� D4)?&%E7 � �Z�lgna�� D4)-

?&%".

5 J.$#".// &2$-./%"+L.)6 &%"("./ .$2"#/' D()%2"*+'"%&'

-/./%"+L.K6 ($@"P "@/.&%-"..),) #/&+$ &2"@.",) 2)@$ (2/+$-

,$%"+L.),) - &2$-./%"+L.)6 &%"("./, $ - J.$#".// (2"-)&3)@-

.)6 &%"("./ .$2"#/' � -/./%"+L.K6 ($@"P B.)P"&%-"..),)

#/&+$ &2"@.",) 2)@$ (2/+$,$%"+L.),) - (2"-)&3)@.)6 &%"("./:

W98

��]z� 50!4" � ��]mai��n � ��]maZaZ; fl~Z�� .D4(9$!+)9" �

fl~Zlmai��n � fl~ZlmaZaZ; ë�\z� D4".&" � ë�\mai��n � ë�-

\maZaZ; i·fZlµmn�� .-(.&+)9" � i·fZlµ�ng�ai��n � i·fZlµ�-

ng�aZaZ.

&A3GFA Mhµ] 9"4)%)2K" Q)2BK ,+$,)+$ iyµ� GE&B DP" D4$JK-$+/&L

-KN" (&B., .$(2/B"2, D2)4 2, 9). 5 @$..)B D2)4" (2"@&%$-/B

Q)2BK T%),) ,+$,)+$ - R"+)B.

Praesens Imperfectum

Ind. Coni. Opt. Imper. Ind.

Sing. W iyµ� � i½sn t, tn

2 iµ ø� i½s� ½�wl t�wZ

3 ¦�a�(n) ø i½s ³�a� tn

Pl. W ¦�µgn �µin iµµin tµin

2 ¦�ag tai iµai ³�ai tai, t�ai

3 iy��(n) ��l(n) iµin ³�a�n,

¢na�n

t�Zn

X)2BK T%),) ,+$,)+$ - /.@/4$%/-" .$&%)'C",) -2"B"./

(42)B" iµ) � T.4+/%/4/, "&+/ )./ D()%2"*+'0%&' - J.$#".//

&-'J4/.

Infinitivus � i¶nZl.

Participium � (n, ��Z, ¢n; gen. sg. � ¢na��, �é�s�, ¢na��.

Futurum

Indicativus Optativus Infinitivus Participium

Sing.W ³��µZl ¦��µsn

2 ³� , ³�il ³��l�

3 ³�aZl ³��la�

Plur. W ¦�mµiwZ ¦��µiwZ

2 ³�i�wi ³��l�wi

3 ³��naZl ³��lna�

³�i�wZl

¦�mµin��

¦��µgns

¦�mµin�n

7)%+#1$)$

W. !2/ &2$-./%"+L.)6 &%"("./ (2/+$,$%"+L.K3 / .$2"#/6

D()%2"*+'"%&' +/*) &)0J Ú -$5 & /B"./%"+L.KB /+/ -/./-

W99

%"+L.KB ($@"P)B, +/*), 4$4 / - 2D&&4)B 'JK4", 2)@/%"+L.K6

($@"P &2$-."./' (genetivus comparationis): µsfÛn a�� \�aZl�

¦\i�wi��Z� alµ¼ai�mn ¦�aln = µsfÛn a�� \�aZl� alµ¼ai�mn ¦�-

aln Ú ¦\i�wi��Z � %)-$," %$& !+? ,4(C!(% !"4"C$ .9"G"!E = %)-$," %$& !+? ,4(C!(% !"4"C$, -$5 .9"G"!(. 5 +$%/.&4)B 'JK4" "BD &))%-

-"%&%-D"% ablativus comparationis.

<)@/%"+L.K6 ($@"P &2$-."./' B)P"% &%$-/%L&' / (2/ ,+$-

,)+$3, ."&DC/3 - &"*" &BK&+ &2$-."./': D4$9"./"!)&B '","-+)G",

GE&B %)C$ '","-+)G", 9+(.&9"9(&B %(! '$5-&", 4$4, .$(2/B"2,

(2/ ,+$,)+" diKZlH GE&B .)+B%$$ '","-+)G", 9+(.&9"9(&B %(!

'$5-&": �i\��nn¯�� d�s� Ç �g\�k ¦~�das�in %(! 9.$5

@$+"D"%%$."5 9+(.&9"9(+ @$+"D..

2. !2"-)&3)@.$' &%"(".L (2/+$,$%"+L.K3 / .$2"#/6 B)P"%

D&/+/-$%L&' #$&%/R$B/, .$(2/B"2, #$&%/R"6 ~_: Î� ë�\maZaZ

'(' &"+B'" 5"C%" D4".&", Î� fl~ZlmaZaZ '(' 5"C%" G"+$$ .D4(-

9$!+)9".

$Fj:E�8DC8 /BCD

Ân a�� Z\Zl�ag��l� ��mn�l� [\\Zl µÛn �m\il�, Ê��i� ��-

\sa�� ~ZÒ }m�lnw��, �\��l¼ai�Zl ~ZÒ ¦nf��mai�Zl t�Zn Ú Z¨

±w`nZl. Þ fÛ azn �Z~ifZlµ�n��n ��\lai�Z tn ��\iµl~�ag�Z

~ZÒ y��ag�Z a`� azn ±wsnZ��n ��\lai�Z�. Ø ��n �il��a�Z-

a�� a`� ¥��`� ~�Za¯�Z� ³��i��i �ZnaÒ a�m�¡, á�� § µÛn a�-

�ZnnÒ� �Ð�l a�� \�aZl� c\�~�ag�Z ~ZÒ ]l\ag�Z, a» fÛ [�a� ~ZÒ

�gn�l� ~ZÒ ¦n��~�l� Î� \Zµ��maZa�n ]Z�nsaZl. elÙ a��a� a��

�gns�l ci��c�� ¦_�¯ws�in¾ a»n fÛ ±aal~»n �µn�n ~ZÒ a» ³\Zl�n

�¨ ³µ��l µZ~��ag�� \�� ls�dµin�l ¦~mµl�Zn iy� a»n

�mna�n ~ZÒ aÌn Y½c��a�n ~ZÒ aÌn ÏaZ\�Zn. �¨ fÛ ai�n�aZl ��-

fZlmai��n ¦�cdqi�wZl Ã��Zna�, áai Ç �il��a�Za�� a» [�a� µi-

cZ\��i�g�aZaZ ~��µ`�Zl ¦_��\iË�Za�.

Â��s�i cÙ� çf�Zc¼cl�n, õnZ a�� \�aZl� Î� ~ZwZ�¼aZ-

a�n °f�� Z�g� , ~ZÒ ngZn ~ZÒ i·��ag�Zn ¥c��dn. ¹l~�fmµs�i

fÛ µgcZn el»� nZmn, ¦n fÛ aå ¥~��m\il ��Ë\ZlZ, á�� ¨ iy�-

i��mµin�l Î� ~Z\\��asn wgZn ³��ln, ~ZÒ aº ¥��Z�¡ �Z�winz-

nl �a�Ùn ��l~�\sn �i�l_d\\i�wZl ¦~g\i��in. �Z�� fÛ a`� ±ws-

nÐ� ä��aZ��, �ZnZwsnZ��l� a» ¢n�µZ, ��g_Z\in ¥cznZ� µ��-

200

�l~�Õ� ~ZÒ c�µnl~�Ë�. �Ù fÛ µicd\Z el�nË�lZ Z·a»� a» ��za�n

~Zai�~iËZ�in, ~ZÒ îfi § ä��aÌ i·~\ii�ag�Z ¦cgnia� azn [\\�n.

el�n��l� cÙ� �¨ ¦nf��maZa�l ��lsaZÒ a�Zc¡f�Z� ¦f�fZ�~�n,

aÌn fÛ ��¼asn vg��l�. �°a� �il��a�Za�� a�Õ� µÛn ±wsnZ��

i·fZlµ�ni�ag�� l¯�iln Ã\�lqin, aÌn fÛ a��Znn�fZ ¥�]Z\i�-

ag�Zn.

7'%+'%T))

W. �mµlqi µsfÛn µsa�»� i·µing�ai��n. 2. �·~ ³�aln ¥�ia`�

~a`µZ alµl¼ai��n. 3. �i�~mai��n �lmn��, µi\dnai��n ��aas�,

c\�~Ëai��n µg\la��. 4. â �Z�, cgn�l� �Za�»� i·a��g�ai��.

J'1$)1#

��\iµl~m�, ¯, mn -)"..K6, -)/.-

&%-"..K6

~�Zag� *K%L &/+L."6N/B, (2$-

-/%L

c\�~Ë�, i�Z, Ë &+$@4/6, (2/'%-

.K6

_�swg� ()B),$%L

��fZ��, Ô, �n D&"[email protected]

µicZ\��i�¯�, g� -"+/4)+"(.K6

~ZwZ�m�, d, mn #/&%K6

�y~�f�µg� -)J-)@/%L

[~��, Z, �n -K&)4/6, -K&N/6,

+D#N/6

§ ¥~�m��\l�, i�� 42"B+L, 42"-

()&%L, $42)()+L

§ �Ë\s, s� -)2)%$ ("GE-%" pl.)

(.4. `$45"D)+E)

aÙ ��Ë\ZlZ, �n !2)(/+"/

Ç �Z�win¼n, zn��

!$2Q".).

§ �a�d, Ð� ()2%/4, ?%)' (.4.

.&")')

�i�l_d\\� .$*2$&K-$%L, .$+$,$%L

aÙ �ZnZw¯nZlZ, �n

!$.$Q/."/

��_d\\� .$*2$&K-$%L; .$($-

@$%L; (2/4/@K-$%L

§ a�Zc¡f�Z, Z� %2$,"@/'

Mhµ] (T.4+.), inf. iµnZl *K%L

§ �l¼n, mn�� &.",

i·µin¯�, g� *+$,)&4+)..K6

i·a��¯�, g� D@$#+/-K6

\i�~m�, ¯, mn *"+K6

a» µg\l, µg\la�� B"@

§ ��aaZ, s� &B)+$

a�µl��, �Z, l�n ()#"%.K6

a» ³\Zl�n, �� )+/-4)-)" B$&+)

a» çf�Zc¼cl�n, �� $4-"@D4, -)-

@)(2)-)@

flfd�~� D#/%L, (2"()@$-$%L;

&%$-/%L @2$BD

K/ L,6,-, M#6'+#

�g}¯ µ�J �Q[Oe �[XOT�� ±µ�n¢ ¥f]MO[e Q� k um]ifWOMfWn

µLi� (>'. 3, _6)

�OU µ�fUJ OLo ^MLo mLSsOMfLJ OZJ PJ^fsX�J gmO\J V[\ OU

Pm^MJ�n OLo ^MLo um]ifWOMfLJ OZJ PJ^fsX�J. (_ 2"4. _, 25)

20W

|¤OLe Q� Ëm[J Mv}MJ�mOMfLe OZJ gJ pMmm[RLJTV�� (6$?%. _7, __)

�V[O~ O�J PVfe�MmO�OKJ [¾fMmeJ O·n YµMO�f[n ^fKmVMT[n ¥�Km[ Î[fem[�Ln. (6$?%. 26, 5)

ÏµM�n Q�, P}[XKOLT, gXLeVLQLµLoJOMn (gXLeVLQLµ�LJOMn) �[i-

OL£n O� À}e�O�O� ±µZJ XTmOMe, gJ XJMNµ[Oe À}Tj XfLmMi]WµMJLe,

�[iOL£n gJ P}�X� ^MLo OKf�m[OM� (�0!. 20, 2_)

a» °f��, °fZa�� -)@$

µ��m�, d, mn *"JDB.K6

¥�win¯�, g� &+$*K6

§ Zõ�i�l�, i�� =!. D#"./"

§ w�s�~i�Z, Z� =!. -"2$

¦��l~�f�µg� =!. .$&%$-+'%L

as�g� )*"2",$%L

K/ C,-,$"E9'%):

��Ìn alµl�ag�Zn azn �i��_iÒµ ~ZÒ ¦nf��ag�Zn ¥��c~��-

a�� azn �i�Z]iÒµ, aÌn ¥flZ]wm�� vi»n �mc�n ai~��Zn, aÌn

¢na�� vi�am~�n �Û µicZ\Ën�µin. (>)&%)6.) "&%L�)

�zn ëc��n iy� ¿clZ § ëc�Z ~ZÒ [µ�µ�� ¦n ëc�¡ �niËµZal

iy��l~�qiaZl ~ZÒ fl� ¥ccg\�� ¦~a�g]iaZl, aº ¢nal ç�d��Z ¥cl-

¼aZa�� nZ»� a�� ëc�� vi�� §µzn� (?%/3/2$ .$ «8)&()@/,

-)JJ-$3» 5-"@"./', ,+$& 4)

¥��c~��a�� ."&2$-./B)

¥flZ]wm�� ."()2)#.)

a�~a�, aor. 2 ³ai~�n 2)P@$%L

¢na�� @"6&%-/%"+L.)

µicZ\Ën� -)J-"+/#/-$%L, (2)-

&+$-+'%L

[µ�µ��, �n *"JD4)2/J."..K6

¦~a�g]� -&4$2B+/-$%L

823#9%'%):

I. H*2$JD6%" &%"("./ &2$-."./' )% (2/+$,$%"+L.K3 ¥nZc~Z��,

[�l��, Æ�Ë�, ¥~�l_¯�, �¼]��n. H*2$JD6%" .$2"#/' )% T%/3 (2/-

+$,$%"+L.K3 / &%"("./ &2$-."./'.

II. !"2"-"@/%", )*2$C$' -./B$./" .$ Q)2BK ,+$,)+$ iyµ�: W.

h½wi i½s� Î� i·fZlµ�ng�aZa��. 2. �dnai� �¨ [nf�i� ³�a�n Î� fl-

~ZlmaZa�l. 3. Âµ�� ]¼ai�� 0n i½s. 4. �·fiÒ� ��]��ng�ai��

iµnZl ¦n�µ�qia� a�� m\�n��. 5. à�ai w�Z�Ëai��l azn ¦nZna��n.

6. ðai §µzn ¥w\l¼ai��l. 7. ±iÒ ½�wl Î� ��fZlmaZa��, � �Z�.

8. �·fiÒ� ³�aZl �� i·~\ig�ai��. 9. �é��ai t�wZ ¦µ�Ò ]�\ai��

Ú n�n. W0. h½wi �¨ ��Ò \mc�l iµin �Z]g�ai��l. WW. }�� ~Z��i�

�\��l¼aZa�� 2n ~Z~z� ¦ai\iËas�in.

202

III. !"2"-"@/%", )*2$C$' -./B$./" .$ J.$#"./" Î�: W. �¨ ��Z�-

alÐaZl a�Õ� �Z�fZ� Î� a�Z�ËaZaZ ¦�Z�fi��n, Î� cgn�naZl [n-

f�i� ¦�w\maZa�l. 2. Âµdwiai Ãfs, Î� ¦~i� ~ZÒ Z¨ w�cZag�i� ¦c�µ-

ndq�na�, Î� ��l ~d\\l�aZl ~ZÒ y��maZaZl. 3. �¨ ³]��l, Î� �¨

��cc�Z]i�� \gc��ln, a�Õ� �gn�� ¦~ a�� [�ai�� ¥�Z\\daai-

�wZl ¦~g\i��n Î� ��\iµ��. 4. �¨ ��Z�alÐaZl iy�g_Z\�n iy�

a�Õ� �i��sn�� Î� ~as�mµin�l aÌn �¼�Zn Z·azn.

203

?H>7<319:7

M$&%L ("2-$' .......................................................................................................3

HO ?H?O15:O7U74........................................................................................5

5-)@.K6 D2)4 I ...................................................................................................7

1+Q$-/%........................................................................................................7

8+$&.K" / &),+$&.K" ..................................................................................8

5-)@.K6 D2)4 II ................................................................................................W2

!2/@K3$./" / D@$2"./" .........................................................................W2

!2$-/+$ ()&%$.)-4/ D@$2"./' .............................................................W3

S.$4/ (2"(/.$./' ...................................................................................W3

A2)4 W .................................................................................................................W6

5%)2)" &4+)."./". Paroxytona ...............................................................W6

?(2'P"./" ,+$,)+$ - .$&%)'C"B -2"B"./.........................................W8

A#/%"&L, @2DJL'! ........................................................................................2W

A2)4 2 .................................................................................................................24

5%)2)" &4+)."./". Oxytona....................................................................24

:B".$ (2/+$,$%"+L.K" -%)2),) &4+)."./' .......................................24

Imperfectum (i-augmentum) ...................................................................25

8"2$4+, @2D, J"B+"@"+LR"- .....................................................................27

A2)4 3 .................................................................................................................30

5%)2)" &4+)."./". Properispomena, proparoxytona. ........................30

8"2$4+, ()B)C./4 +0@"6 ......................................................................32

A2)4 4 .................................................................................................................35

5%)2)" &4+)."./". ?2"@./6 2)@...........................................................35

?+)-$ *"J D@$2"./' ..................................................................................36

>-$ ()@-/,$ 8"2$4+$: E"2*"2 / 1-,/"-K 4).0N./ .........................38

A2)4 5 .................................................................................................................4W

Praesens indicativi passivi ........................................................................4W

!2)B"%"6 ...................................................................................................42

A2)4 6 .................................................................................................................46

Praesens indicativi medii (passivi) ..........................................................46

9/%L 12/[email protected] ..........................................................................................49

204

A2)4 7..................................................................................................................52

!"2-)" &4+)."./". O/( .$ Z purum .....................................................52

:B".$ (2/+$,$%"+L.K" ("2-),) &4+)."./' .......................................54

!2/2$C"./" - (2/&%$-)#.K3 ,+$,)+$3 ...............................................55

>"@$+ ...........................................................................................................56

A2)4 8..................................................................................................................59

!"2-)" &4+)."./". O/( .$ K ...................................................................59

!2/%'P$%"+L.K" B"&%)/B"./' ............................................................59

!2/#$&%/" .$&%)'C",) -2"B"./ B"@/$+L.)-($&&/-.),) J$+),$ ..59

I)+/#"&%-"..)" (2/2$C"./"................................................................60

;*+)4) 2$J@)2$ .........................................................................................6W

A2)4 9..................................................................................................................64

!"2-)" &4+)."./". Proparoxytona, properispomena.........................64

U/#.K" B"&%)/B"./' (pronomina personalia)....................................65

?D@ !$2/&$.................................................................................................68

A2)4 W0................................................................................................................7W

!"2-)" &4+)."./". =DP&4)6 2)@ .........................................................7W

5%)2)" &4+)."./". 3".&4/6 2)@...........................................................72

1,$B"B.). .................................................................................................73

A2)4 WW................................................................................................................77

9$2"#/' )% (2/+$,$%"+L.K3 I-II &4+)."./6 .......................................77

A4$J$%"+L.K" B"&%)/B"./' ...................................................................77

H@/&&"6.......................................................................................................79

A2)4 W2................................................................................................................82

!2)#/" D4$J$%"+L.K" B"&%)/B"./' ....................................................82

!2/+$,$%"+L.K" @-D3 )4).#$./6 .........................................................82

!D%"N"&%-/" $2,).$-%)-.........................................................................84

A2)4 W3................................................................................................................87

?+/%.K" Q)2BK I � II &4+)."./'. .........................................................87

H%.)&/%"+L.)" B"&%)/B"./" á�, î, á ...................................................89

Futurum indicativi activi / medii ,+$,)+)- & ,+$&.KB/ )&.)-$B/..9W

8".2/3 G+/B$........................................................................................92

!+$. (D%"N"&%-/'....................................................................................93

A2)4 W4................................................................................................................96

O2"%L" &4+)."./". H&.)-K .$ -f, -J.......................................................96

!2/+$,$%"+L.K" III &4+)."./' & )&.)-)6 .$ -LJ ..............................W00

Participium futuri medii ,+$,)+)- & ,+$&.KB/ )&.)-$B/ ................W00

S$&"+"./" =$+)6 1J// ,2"4$B/...................................................W02

205

A2)4 W5 .............................................................................................................W05

Aoristus activi ,+$,)+)- & ,+$&.KB/ )&.)-$B/ .................................W05

82"#"&4$' 4)+)./J$R/' *"2",)- M"2.),) B)2' ..............................W08

A2)4 W6 .............................................................................................................WWW

Aoristus medii ,+$,)+)- & ,+$&.KB/ )&.)-$B/.................................WWW

5)(2)&/%"+L.K" B"&%)/B"./' OTn, OT ................................................WW2

!)+/%/#"&4$' *)2L*$ - >2"-."6 82"R// .........................................WW4

A2)4 W7 .............................................................................................................WW7

O2"%L" &4+)."./". S$@."'JK#.K" )&.)-K. ........................................WW7

Futurum / aoristus activi / medii ,+$,)+)- & J$@."'JK#.KB/

)&.)-$B/ ...........................................................................................WW9

1Q/.K -) -2"B".$ >2$4).$ / ?)+).$ ..............................................W20

A2)4 W8 .............................................................................................................W23

O2"%L" &4+)."./". 8D*.K" )&.)-K ......................................................W23

Futurum / aoristus activi / medii ,+$,)+)- & ,D*.KB/

)&.)-$B/ ...........................................................................................W23

9")(2"@"+"..K" B"&%)/B"./' O\n, O\ ...............................................W24

X/./4/6RK / ,2"4/...............................................................................W25

A2)4 W9 .............................................................................................................W28

O2"%L" &4+)."./". SD*.K" )&.)-K......................................................W28

<$*)-+$@"+L#"&4)" 3)J'6&%-) ..............................................................W30

A2)4 20 .............................................................................................................W33

O2"%L" &4+)."./". SD*.K" )&.)-K ((2)@)+P"./").........................W33

Futurum / aoristus activi / medii ,+$,)+)- & JD*.KB/

)&.)-$B/ ...........................................................................................W34

I2"J / ?)+). ...........................................................................................W35

A2)4 2W .............................................................................................................W39

Coniunctivus praesentis et aoristi activi et medii ...............................W39

="&%)/B"./" ¥\\¯\�n.........................................................................W42

!/&/&%2$% - *)2L*" J$ -+$&%L ..............................................................W43

A2)4 22 .............................................................................................................W46

Optativus praesentis, futuri et aoristi activi et medii ..........................W46

MD@"&.)" &($&"./" ("-R$ 12/).$ ......................................................W49

A2)4 23 .............................................................................................................W53

O2"%L" &4+)."./". H&.)-K .$ -na-.......................................................W53

!2/+$,$%"+L.)" �Ð�, �Ð�Z, �Ðn ........................................................W54

>"+LQ/6&4/6 )2$4D+ ............................................................................W56

206

A2)4 24..............................................................................................................W60

Participium praesentis, futuri / aoristi activi ......................................W60

H+/B(/6&4/" /,2K................................................................................W62

A2)4 25..............................................................................................................W66

O2"%L" &4+)."./". H&.)-K .$ -m-.........................................................W66

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VWNRSXRXQ, [ee� TyY�P ¯ik�U. 2. ��P YZPOµXQ, [rN RTQ

�Tck¤RO. 3. �y WgPSOU �WQRSgµcP, ½ r¡WrU. 4. �T�ST S~

�eqTU WXkrtP Ty\ ¾P Y^PXNµcP. 5. ��P YZP�, Vek� ©U

Sg_QRSX rhU �RS^. 6. �zSr [\iQ��U TzSr SX_]OU µXkrtP

VWNRSXRkr. 7. ¿jkr YZPXQT RO�iTP]RSriTP �QTSrZrQP. 8.

�WWNXU ST§U VPXPSNTÛ [µZPrQP Ty Y^PgµrPTU l�^qrP V\

ST� �RSrOU. 9. °erQRk]PcU S®P WTeQSrNXP [eegSSOP

VWNRSr^r S� Y¤µª. �0. �À ST� �WWNT^ Y^PgµrQ WTeeT�

Vq]PTPST VPXPSNTQ.

�3

2"?) 3 2 ��

Verba contracta .$ -]O: praesens / imperfectum activi / medii-passivi.

¸T�]TµXQ, µ¤. !2"@+), We¤P.

Verba contracta B3 -ZG

8+$,)+K & )&.)-$B/ .$ ,+$&.K" X-, r-, T- Db" 2$&-

&B$%2/-$+/&L - D2)4$3 �3 � �7 - a)2B$3 aD%D2DB$ / $)-

2/&%$, 4)%)2K" )*2$J)-K-$+/&L &)-"2`"..) $.$+),/#.)

a)2B$B {%/3 -2"B". ,+$,)+)- & )&.)-$B/ .$ ,+$&.K" Q-,

^-. 5 .$&%)'C"B b" -2"B"./ / /B("2a"4%" D ,+$,)+)- &

)&.)-$B/ .$ X-, r-, T- 4)."#.K6 ,+$&.K6 )&.)-K -) -&"3

a)2B$3 &+/-$"%&' &) &+"@D0C/B ,+$&.KB. !){%)BD %$-

4/" ,+$,)+K .$JK-$0%&' &+/%.KB/ (verba contracta). 5

@$..)B D2)4" 2$&&B$%2/-$0%&' &+/%.K" ,+$,)+K .$ -]O.

?+/'./" (2)/&3)@/% () &+"@D0C/B (2$-/+$B: r

(),+)C$"%&' @)+,/B J-D4)B; r + r > rQ; r + T > T^. 8+$,)+

�Qe]O +D@)&A, .$(2/B"2, &(2',$"%&' &+"@D0C/B )*-

2$J)B (- $%%/#"&4)B @/$+"4%" D()%2"*/%"+L.K %)+L4)

%" a)2BK, 4)%)2K" ()+D#".K - 2"JD+L%$%" &+/'./', $

a)2BK, @$..K" J@"&L / @$+"" - %$*+/�$3 &+"-$, (2/-)-

@'%&' @+' ()./B$./' (2)�"&&$ &+/'./'):

Praesens activi Indicativus

� �Qe]O > �Qe� �Qe]TµrP > �QeT�µrP 2 �Qe]rQU > �QertU �Qe]rSr > �QertSr 3 �Qe]rQ > �Qert �Qe]T^RQ(P) > �QeT�RQ(P)

Coniunctivus

� �Qe]O > �Qe� �Qe]OµrP > �Qe�µrP 2 �Qe]�U > �QeÀU �Qe]cSr > �Qe¢Sr 3 �Qe]� > �QeÀ �Qe]ORQ(P) > �Qe�RQ(P)

�4

Optativus

� �QerTNcP > �QeTNcP �Qe]TQµrP > �QeTtµrP

2 �QerTNcU > �QeTNcU �QerTNSr > �QeTtSr

3 �QerTNc > �QeTNc �Qe]TQrP > �QeTtrP

Infinitivus praesentis activi � �Qe]rQP > �QertP.

Imperativus praesentis activi:

Sg. 2 +. � �Nerr > �NerQ

3 +. � �Qer]SO > �QertSO

Pl. 2 +. � �Qe]rSr > �QertSr

3 +. � �QerfPSOP > �QeTZPSOP

Participium praesentis activi:

�Qe]OP > �Qe�P (gen. sg. �QeT�PSTU),

�Qe]T^RX > �QeT�RX (gen. sg. �QeTZRcU),

�Qe]TP > �QeT�P (gen. sg. �QeT�PSTU).

Praesens medii / passivi

Indicativus

� �Qe]TµXQ > �QeT�µXQ �QerfµrkX > �QeT�µrkX

2 �Qe]�,]rQ > �QeÀ,�Qert �Qe]rRkr > �QertRkr

3 �Qe]rSXQ > �QertSXQ �Qe]TPSXQ > �QeT�PSXQ

Coniunctivus

� �Qe]OµXQ > �Qe�µXQ �Qer�µrkX > �Qe�µrkX

2 �Qe]� > �QeÀ �Qe]cRkr > �Qe¢Rkr

3 �Qe]cSXQ > �Qe¢SXQ �Qe]OPSXQ > �Qe�PSXQ

Optativus

� �QerTNµcP > �QeTNµcP �QerTNµrkX > �QeTtµrkX

2 �Qe]TQT > �QeTtT �Qe]TQRkr > �QeTtRkr

3 �Qe]TQST > �QeTtST �Qe]TQPST > �QeTtPST

Infinitivus praesentis medii-passivi � �Qe]rRkXQ >

�QertRkXQ.

�5

Imperativus praesentis medii-passivi

Sg. 2 +. � �Qe]T^ > �QeT�

3 +. � �Qer]RkO > �QerNRkO

Pl. 2 +. � �Qe]rRkr > �QertRkr

3 +. � �Qer]RkOP > �QertRkOP

Participium praesentis medii-passivi

�QerfµrPTU > �QeTZµrPTU,

�QerTµ]Pc > �QeT^µ]Pc,

�QerfµrPTP > �QeTZµrPTP.

Imperfectum indicativi activi et medii-passivi

Activum Medium - Passivum

Sg. � V�NerTP > V�NeT^P V�QerfµcP > V�QeTZµcP

2 V�NerrU > V�NerQU V�Qe]T^ > V�QeT�

3 V�Nerr > V�NerQ V�Qe]rST > V�QertST

Pl. � V�Qe]TµrP > V�QeT�µrP V�QerfµrkX > V�QeTZµrkX

2 V�Qe]rSr > V�QertSr V�Qe]rRkr > V�QertRkr

3 V�NerTP > V�NeT^P V�Qe]TPST > V�QeT�PST

/#*'%01#1

�. !2/ ,+$,)+$3 / -K2$b"./'3 &) J.$#"./"B *)'J./

(.$(2/B"2, (2/ ,+$,)+" _L`ZLµUI) - @2"-.",2"#"&4)B

'JK4" &%$-/%&' (2/@$%)#.)" @)()+./%"+L.)" (2"@+)-

b"./" & &)0J)B µa, D4$JK-$0C"" .$ a$4% ."b"+$%"+L-

.K6 @+' *)'C",)&' +/�$. 9$ 2D&&4/6 'JK4 (2"@+)b"-

./" & µ¤ ("2"-)@/%&' (2/@$%)#.KB & &)0J)B -&" (& *D-

@DC/B -2"B"."B) /+/ (2/@$%)#.KB & &)0J)B -&"@< %$

(& (2)`"@`/B -2"B"."B):

�T�T�µXQ, µ® � WXS®i lek� C @"D.A, -&" =4)!$&

"&$# /+/ C @"D.A, -&"@< %$ =4)B$+ "&$#.

�6

7&+/ ()@+"b$C"" ,+$-.),) / (2/@$%)#.),) (2"@+)b"-

./6 )@.) / %) b", - 2D&&4)B ("2"-)@" B)b"% /&()+LJ)-

-$%L&' .")(2"@"+"..$' a)2B$ *"J )%2/�$./':

�T�rtSXQ, µ® lek� "% @")&.C =4)!&).

5 (2/@$%)#.K3 @)()+./%"+L.K3 & µ¤ (2/ ,+$,)+$3 /

-K2$b"./'3 *)'J./ &%$-/%&' 4).�0.4%/- .$&%)'C",)

-2"B"./ /+/ $)2/&%$, $ %$4b" )(%$%/- .$&%)'C",) -2"-

B"./ /+/ $)2/&%$. 52"B".$ )(%$%/-$ B),D% *K%L %)+L4)

%),@$, 4),@$ &4$JD"B)" ,+$-.),) (2"@+)b"./' -K2$b".)

,+$,)+)B - /&%)2/#"&4)B -2"B"./. <$J./�$ B"b@D ()-

&%$.)-4)6 (2"J".&$ /+/ $)2/&%$ -/@)-$', (){%)BD

4).�0.4%/- / )(%$%/- .$&%)'C",) -2"B"./ ("2"-)@'%-

&' .$ 2D&&4/6 'JK4 ,+$,)+)B ."&)-"2`"..),) -/@$, $

4).�0.4%/- / )(%$%/- $)2/&%$ � ,+$,)+)B &)-"2`"..)-

,) -/@$.

2. !2"@+), TbaH D()%2"*+'"%&' - J.$#".// '4"5$ &

2)@/%"+L.KB ($@"b)B:

WgPSrU We®P ¥µ�P 9.$, '4"5$ 9(..

?5D3]=BC= C8BCEc=7

85 D=94C]4P8R8 c39:

(8P. 500 R. ]8 ". d.)

Á\TZRXSr ±Yc Wri� °ZiT^, ÂU S~P °iTtRTP PQ\¤RXU

WeTZSª \X� \igSrQ WgPSOP S�P SfSr �XRQe]OP YQ]�rirP.

�\igSrQ Ty µfPTP S�P �riR�P, [ee� \X� S�P ÃPY�P, ¶X-

�êOPNOP, }ZiOP, ÃT^YXNOP, ¸TQPN\OP, �^Y�P \X� S�P

VP SÀ �RNo Äee¤POP. �Wr� Y� ST§U WrQkTµ]PTÛ Ty\ �YN-

\rQ, TÅSTQ V�T�T�PST µ�P XySfP, [ee� Ty\ VµNRT^P. °Xµ-

�7

�ZRcU Y], � ^�~U XyST�, ÂU \X� S®P Æjq^WSTP \XSrRSi]-

¹XST, l_kQRSTU \X� YrQPfSXSTU YrRWfScU VPTµNsrST r¡PXQ

\X� YQ� S~ µ]qX �iTPrtP VµQRrtST. �TZST^ Y� Srer^S¤RXP-

STU |XirtTU WwRXP S®P [i_®P VY]�XSTÇ S®P Y� °ZiT^

WiofScSX VµQµrtST, µRSr WTeeT� XyS~P V�NeT^P We®P

S�P Ã�POP.

�� q�i ÈOPrU Ty_ uY]OU VWrNkTPST \X� ÉSTQµTQ �RXP

RSgRQP WTQrtRkXQ \X� STtU �]iRXQU ¥W�i S¢U Ver^kriNXU

WTerµrtP. ��P T¨P VP SÀ ·Qe¤Sª WTeQS�P ¯�]OU [ee¤-

eTQU ViQsfPSOP �iQRSXqfiXU SQUÇ �¸QeT�µrP, � �PYirU, �

l�c, � WgPSrU S®P Ver^kriNXP, µQRT�µrP Y� µRWri T� �e-

eTQ S®P YTêrNXP. �N q�i e^RQSreTNc ¾P S~ WOertP \X� S~

ÊPrtRkXQ \X� S~ WeT^SrtP �Pr^ Ver^kriNXU; �TP�µrP

WgPSrU, �WOU [WOk�µrP S®P SîXPPNYX \X� �µrP VerZ-

kriTQ µRWri WgeXQ�.Ä\XSXtTU Y� � lPYT�TU eTqTqig�TU

r¡WrPÇ �ËiX uqÀ r¨ WTerµ¤RrQP |XirNª, Ì µ]qQRSXQ

RSiXSQX� \X� WertRSXQ P¢]U rhRQP; �qÍ WTeeg\QU [WrY¤-

µT^P \X� Vkr�iT^P S®P YZPXµQP XyST�. ÎRSr RO�iTP]R-

SriTQ, � WTetSXQ. �WNRSXRkr, �SQ �T�ri�U ¾P V\rtPTU

¥µwU SQµOiTtST. ¸T�T�µXQ, µ® µfPTQ µX_fµrPTQ [S^_¢Sr�.

�TtU T¨P ·QecRNTQU TzSr WfPTÛ TzSr \QPYZPTÛ �T-

�T^µ]PTQU VYf\rQ Wi~U |XirtTP RSiXSrZrRkXQ. �PX Y� µ®

µfPTQ WTerµ�RQP, ST§U �X\rYXQµTPNTÛ \X� ST§U �kc-

PXNTÛ ÏScRXP XySTtU �TckrtP. ·rS� Y� ST�ST ©U RWT -̂

YXQfSXSX Wi~U WferµTP WXirR\r^gRXPST.

/(*'(*2##

�. ·QµT� S� RrµPg, µ® \X\T§U µQµT� SifWTÛ.

2. �PYi~U S� WiTRWNWSTPSX qrPPXNOU �]irQP.

�8

3(01#0%

� WeT�STU, T^ *),$%&%-) (.4. =+0&"'4(&)C)

S~ \igSTU, TÛ -+$&%L

_L`ZLµUI *)'%L&'

µQR]O .".$-/@"%L (.4. 5)->(%&4"=)

_eLHZG @DB$%L; µ]qX �iTP]O ,)2@/%L&'

_IbZG +0*/%L

We¤P + gen. 42)B"

uY]OU )3)%.) bfJIKgbZG (&('?$ S]ec eZO)

()B),$%L

ÊP]TµXQ ()4D($%L

TLHZG %2D@/%L&'

XTGhZG )%%$+4/-$%L � eTqTqig�TU, T^ /&%)2/4

giKfjZG *K%L D@$#+/-KB

XKfjZG %"2("%L ."D@$#D VLYZG @DB$%L, 4$J$%L&',

VLYgk + dat. 2"`".) ('$5-+)@")

UlKZG (2)&/%L, %2"*)-$%L WXiXR\r^gsTµXQ ,)%)-/%L-

&' Sg }T�RX, OP ?DJK, )@.$ /J

&%)+/� !"2&//

qrPPXtTU, X, TP *+$,)2)@-.K6

WiTRWNWSO -K($@$%L

u WiofScU, cSTU 42)%)&%L

¥Wr\W]µWO %$6.) ()&K-+$%L

Êk]O %)+4$%L

45 ,676&6 8%7('%

wW\ xTsVMVd lSm IGl xTsVM]\� (2 2"4. gg, 29)

yzsKMSdIU `{ ZiMXV\ lSm I| OZU`KµIYMXV\ }LMIU V~\ IG-

`{M �XVPIM �_lSWPI_M � HLJVUM XU � xlIqVUM XU lSUM�XVPIM.

(6$C% g7, 2g)

F�XV I�M OTsWVXV V�XV ZWMVXV V�XV XU ZIUVdXV, ZiMXS V~\

`�}SM �VIY ZIUVdXV. (g 2"4. g0, 3g)

hXV �µKM MtZUI\, OHiHI_M b\ MtZUI\, O�P�MI_M b\ Mt-

ZUI\, OHIJUj�µKM b\ MtZUI\� (g 2"4. g3, gg)

[RkrP]O *K%L ."B)C.KB VWQYcµ]O (2/*K-$%L, (2/-

"Jb$%L ry\XQi]O (2)-)@/%L &-)-

*)@.)" -2"B'

\XQPfU, ¤, fP .)-K6 VRkNO "&%L WNPO (/%L ±µcP (=">!.) = �P � P¤WQTU, T^ B+$@"."�

�9

eXe]O ,)-)2/%L �iTP]O BK&+/%L

eTqNsTµXQ @"+$%L -K-)@K, J$4+0#$%L

45 96&61$:;(*#.

}� ¥µPT�µrP, }� ryeTqT�µrP, }T� ry_XiQRST�µrP, °Z-

iQr, \X� Yrfµrkg RT^ � Ðr~U uµ�P. (!)&+"@)-$./" Ñ/-

%D2,//)

¥µP]O ("%L ry_XiQRS]O *+$,)@$2/%L

Y]TµXQ B)+/%L&'

<="%;*(*#.

I. H*2$JD6%" 4 ,+$,)+$B µQR]O / �T�]TµXQ a)2BK 2 sg. /

pl. -&"3 .$4+)."./6 - .$&%)'C"B -2"B"./ / - /B("2a"4%".

II. !"2"-"@/%" .$ 2D&&4/6 'JK4, )(2"@"+'' a)2BK

&+/%.K3 ,+$,)+)-: [WOkrtSr S®P SîXPPNYX � SQµO-

irNRkOP ST§U XhSNTÛ � VYf\rQ µTQ VWXP]i_rRkXQ � ÊPT�

\XeeNTPX ÒWWTP � STtU µ]qX �iTPT�RQ µ® WNRSr^r � ry-

S^_TNcU, � [Yre�¤ � rjkr µQµTtT ST§U [qXkTZU � V\rtPTU

uqrNRkO S� RSiXS� � [qXkT� qrNSTPrU uµtP e^RQSreT�-

RQP � ©µNerQ [r� [PYirNTQU PrXPNXQU.

III. H(2"@"+/%" a)2BK ,+$,)+)- / &DC"&%-/%"+L.K3:

�TckTtU, �TckTNcU � \iXSrt, \igSrQ (2) � WeTZSª, WeT^S�

(2) � WferµTQ, WTe]µQTQ, WTerµTNc � £µPTÛ, ¥µPT�RQ (2) �

�Ner, �NerQ � WfPOP, WTP�P � \TRµT�, \fRµT^, V\TRµT� �

W�erQ, WferQ.

IV. !"2"-"@/%", )*2$C$' -./B$./" .$ D()%2"*+"./"

)%2/�$./' µ¤: �. ·® �µNerQ YrQeTtU [PYigRQP. 2. ·¤WTSr

µQRrtSr (µQR¤RcSr) [ee¤eTÛ. 3. ¿jkr µc\]SQ [S^_TtSr.

20

4. ·cY]PX [YN\rQ ([YQ\¤R�U), ÒPX (�WOU, ©U) µ® XyS~U

[YQ\À. 5. ËiX �T�À, µ® �qXP WTPÀU; 6. }^µ�TêrZO RTQ

µcY�P �T�rtRkXQ. 7. ��P µ® WTP¢Sr (WTP¤RcSr), TyY�P

YQXWig�rSr.

2�

2"?) 3 3

Verba contracta .$ -gO: praesens / imperfectum activi / medii-passivi; ,+$,)+ lRScRX / ."4)%)2K" &+)b.K" & ./B ,+$,)+K (- D(-2$b."./'3).

Dativus sociativus (2/ ÓµX, � XySfU. Genetivus (2/ �XRQerZO; geneti-vus (2/ [W]RScRX, dativus (2/ VW]RScRX.

Verba contracta B3 -mG

A ,+$,)+)- & )&.)-)6 .$ ,+$&.K6 X- &+/'./" (2)/&-

3)@/% () &+"@D0C/B (2$-/+$B: X + r, c > Ô; X + �, rQ > o,

X + T, O, T^ > O, X + TQ > ª. 8+$,)+ PQ\gO ="@$?!(&A, .$-

(2/B"2, &(2',$"%&' &+"@D0C/B )*2$J)B:

Praesens activi

Indicativus

� PQ\gO > PQ\� PQ\gTµrP > PQ\�µrP

2 PQ\grQU > PQ\pU PQ\grSr > PQ\wSr

3 PQ\grQ > PQ\p PQ\gT^RQ(P)> PQ\�RQ(P)

Coniunctivus

� PQ\gO > PQ\� PQ\gOµrP > PQ\�µrP

2 PQ\g�U > PQ\pU PQ\gcSr > PQ\wSr

3 PQ\g� > PQ\p PQ\gORQ(P)> PQ\�RQ(P)

Optativus

� PQ\XTNcP > PQ\ÕcP PQ\gTQµrP > PQ\�µrP

2 PQ\XTNcU > PQ\ÕcU PQ\gTQSr > PQ\�Sr

3 PQ\XTNc > PQ\Õc PQ\gTQrP > PQ\�rP

Infinitivus praesentis activi � PQ\grQP > PQ\wP.

22


Sg. 2 +. � PN\Xr > PN\X

3 +. � PQ\X]SO > PQ\gSO

Pl. 2 +. � PQ\grSr > PQ\wSr

3 +. � PQ\XfPSOP > PQ\�PSOP

Participium praesentis activi:

PQ\gOP > PQ\�P (gen. sg. PQ\�PSTU),

PQ\gT^RX > PQ\�RX (gen. sg. PQ\�RcU),

PQ\gTP > PQ\�P (gen. sg. PQ\�PSTU).

Praesens medii - passivi

Indicativus

� PQ\gTµXQ > PQ\�µXQ PQ\XfµrkX> PQ\�µrkX

2 PQ\g� > PQ\p PQ\grRkr > PQ\wRkr

3 PQ\grSXQ > PQ\wSXQ PQ\gTPSXQ> PQ\�PSXQ

Coniunctivus

� PQ\gOµXQ > PQ\�µXQ PQ\X�µrkX> PQ\�µrkX

2 PQ\g� > PQ\p PQ\gcRkr > PQ\wRkr

3 PQ\gcSXQ > PQ\wSXQ PQ\gOPSXQ> PQ\�PSXQ

Optativus

� PQ\XTNµcP > PQ\ÕµcP PQ\XTNµrkX> PQ\�µrkX

2 PQ\gTQT > PQ\�T PQ\gTQRkr > PQ\�Rkr

3 PQ\gTQST > PQ\�ST PQ\gTQPST > PQ\�PST

Infinitivus praesentis medii-passivi � PQ\grRkXQ > PQ-

\wRkXQ

Imperativus praesentis medii-passivi:

Sg. 2 +. � PQ\gT^ > PQ\�

3 +. � PQ\X]RkO > PQ\gRkO

Pl. 2 +. � PQ\grRkr > PQ\wRkr

3 +. � PQ\X]RkOP > PQ\wRkOP

23

Participium praesentis medii-passivi:

PQ\XfµrPTU > PQ\�µrPTU,

PQ\XTµ]Pc > PQ\Oµ]Pc,

PQ\XfµrPTP > PQ\�µrPTP.

Imperfectum indicativi activi et medii - passivi


Sg. � VPN\XTP > VPN\OP VPQ\XfµcP > VPQ\�µcP

2 VPN\XrU > VPN\XU VPQ\gT^ > VPQ\�

3 VPN\Xr > VPN\X VPQ\grST > VPQ\wST

Pl. � VPQ\gTµrP > VPQ\�µrP VPQ\XfµrkX > VPQ\�µrkX

2 VPQ\grSr > VPQ\wSr VPQ\grRkr > VPQ\wRkr

3 VPN\XTP > VPN\OP VPQ\gTPST > VPQ\�PST

&Q3R8Q nJKoJU

C B=P8589O= 4Q8pBO= 4 BCN RQ3R8QO

8+$,)+ II &(2'b"./' ÒRScµQ .&(9)&A (&B. D2)4 54) -

$)2/&%" /B""% @-" a)2BK & 2$J.KB J.$#"./"B: $)2/&% I �

lRScRX C =".&(9)+ (("2"3)@.)" J.$#"./") / $)2/&% lR-

ScP, ) 4)%)2)B 2"#L *D@"% ./b", � C .&(+ (."("2"3)@.)"

J.$#"./"). 5 @$..)B D2)4" 2"#L /@"% )* $)2/&%" lRScRX,

4)%)2K6 &(2',$"%&' () )*2$J�D )*K#.),) &/,B$%/#"-

&4),) $)2/&%$, (2"@&%$-+"..),) - D2)4" �5��6.

Aoristus indicativi activi

Singularis Pluralis

� lRScRX C ="c&(9)+ VRS¤RXµrP 5< ="c&(9)+)

2 lRScRXU &< ="c&(9)+ VRS¤RXSr 9< ="c&(9)+)

3 lRScRr(P) "% ="c&(9)+ lRScRXP "%) ="c&(9)+)

Infinitivus aoristi activi � RS¢RXQ =".&(9)&A

24

Imperativus aoristi activi:

Sing. 2 +. � RS¢RTP =".&(9A

3 +. � RScRgSO =0.&A "% =".&(9)&

Pl. 2 +. � RS¤RXSr =".&(9A&$

3 +. � RScRgPSOP =0.&A "%) =".&(9C&

(/+/ RScRgSORXP)

Aoristus indicativi medii

Singularis Pluralis

� VRScRgµcP!C =".&(9)+

!+C .$@C (.$@$)

VRScRgµrkX 5< =".&(9)+)

!+C .$@C (.$@$)

2 VRS¤RO! &< =".&(9)+

!+C .$@C (.$@$)

VRS¤RXRkr 9< =".&(9)+)

!+C .$@C (.$@$)

3 VRS¤RXST! "% =".&(9)+

!+C .$@C (.$@$)

VRS¤RXPST "%) =".&(9)+)

!+C .$@C (.$@$)

Infinitivus aoristi medii � RS¤RXRkXQ =".&(9)&A .$@$.

Imperativus aoristi medii

Sg. 2 +. � RS¢RXQ =".&(9A .$@$

3 +. � RScRgRkO =0.&A "% =".&(9)& .$@$

Pl. 2 +. � RS¤RXRkr =".&(9A&$ .$@$

3 +. � RScRgRkOP =0.&A "%) =".&(9C& .$@$

(/+/ RScRgRkORXP)

x)2BK $)2/&%$ 4).�0.4%/-$ / )(%$%/-$ {%),) ,+$-

,)+$ $.$+),/#.K &(2'b"./0, (2"@&%$-+"..)BD @+'

&/,B$%/#"&4),) $)2/&%$ - D2)4$3 2� � 22.

Aoristus coniunctivi activi

Ñ/�) Singularis Pluralis

� RS¤RO RS¤ROµrP

2 RS¤R�U RS¤RcSr

3 RS¤R� RS¤RORQ(P)

25

Aoristus coniunctivi medii Ñ/�) Singularis Pluralis

� RS¤ROµXQ RScR�µrkX

2 RS¤R� RS¤RcRkr

3 RS¤RcSXQ RS¤ROPSXQ

Aoristus optativi activi Ñ/�) Singularis Pluralis

� RS¤RXQµQ RS¤RXQµrP

2 RS¤RXQU,

RS¤RrQXU

RS¤RXQSr

3 RS¤RXQ,

RS¤R-rQr(P)

RS¤RXQrP,

RS¤RrQXP

Aoristus optativi medii

� RScRXNµcP RScRXNµrkX

2 RS¤RXQT RS¤RXQRkr

3 RS¤RXQST RS¤RXQPST

8+$,)+ ÒRScµQ .&(9)&A #$&%) D()%2"*+'"%&' & 2$J.K-

B/ (2"a/4&$B/ / ()+D#$"% .)-K" J.$#"./'. 9$(2/B"2:

[PkNRScµQ =4"&)9"=".&(9+C&A, [�NRScµQ ".&(9+C&A,

0!(+C&A, >(.&(9+C&A "&=(.&A "& '","-+)@", V�NRScµQ ="-

.&(9)&A 9" ,+(9$, R^PNRScµQ .&(9)&A 95$.&$, ."@)4(&A.

/#*'%01#1

�. !2/ ."&)*&%-"..)B (2"@+)," qµU 95$.&$ &%$-/%&'

@$%"+L.K6 ($@"b &))*C"&%-$ (dativus sociativus):

ÓµX (SÀ) uµ]io %( 4(..9$&$, ÓµX XyS� 95$.&$ . %)5.

�$4)6 b" ($@"b B)b"% D()%2"*+'%L&' / (2/ B"&%)/B"-

.// XySfU & $2%/4+"B � � XySfU &"& ?$ .(5<7, "!)%(-

'"9<7:

S~ XyS~ (SXyS~) ¥µtP WigSSTµrP !$+($5 &" ?$, -&"

9< (&2. D2)4 6 / 3�).

26

2. !2/ ,+$,)+" ÙJIbgWG #(4.&9"9(&A %(! '$5-+)@"

&%$-/%&' 2)@/%"+L.K6 ($@"b (&B. genetivus comparatio-

nis - D2)4" 30):

ÎiOU S�P kr�P �XRQerZrQ � �4"& #(4.&90$& %(! @",(5).

3. 8+$,)+ [�NRScµQ ".&(9+C&A, 0!(+C&A, >(.&(9+C&A

"&=(.&A "& '","-+)@" ($)2/&% ("2-K6 � XTZJKoJU)

D(2$-+'"% 2)@/%"+L.KB ($@"b)B (&B. genetivus separa-

tionis - D2)4" 7):

�iQRSXqfiXU ST§U ÈOPXU [W]RScRr S�P �riR�P �

�4).&(,"4 >(.&(9)+ )"%)7#$9 "&=(.&A "& =$4."9.

4. =.),/" ,+$,)+K, (2/ 4)%)2K3 )*K#.) ." &%$-/%&' @$-

%"+L.K6 ($@"b, (2/ &)"@/.".// & (2"a/4&$B/ R^P-,

VP-, VWQ-, WXiX-, WriQ-, ¥WT-, WiTR- B),D% D(2$-+'%L @$-

%"+L.KB ($@"b)B, 4$4, .$(2/B"2, ,+$,)+ & (2/&%$-4)6

VWQ- V�NRScµQ =".&(9)&A 9" ,+(9$ -$,"-+)@" ($)2/&% ("2-

-K6 � STZJKoJU):

T� ·Qe¤RQTQ �iQRSXqfiXP SÀ RSgRrQ VW]RScRXP � 3)-

+$&#< =".&(9)+) �4).&(,"4( 9" ,+(9$ 9"..&(%)C.

"3AR98N 784453BC: C8BCEc=7

(494 R. ]8 ". d.)

�iQRSXqfiXU Wi�STP µ�P ST§U �X\rYXQµTPNTÛ �i-

µwP VWrQiwST VW� S~P �riRQ\~P WferµTP. °X� YQXerqfµr-

PTU °erTµ]PrQ S� �XRQertÇ �¬ipU, � l�c, � � �XRQer�, VP

S�Yr S� _Xe\� WNPX\Q WgPSX S� lkPc, ³P |XirtTU �XRQ-

erZrQ. ÖµtP T¨P, V�P ST�ST YiwSr, Â R^µ�TêrZO, V�]RSXQ

WTeeT§U kcRXîT§U \X� YTZeTÛ VP SÀ S�P �riR�P _�-

io \SwRkXQ, µgeQRSX Y� VP STtU S�P }TZROP �XRQerNTQU�.

27

¬ T¨P °erTµ]PcU S~P WNPX\X kr�µrPTU WTe§P µ�P

_ifPTP VRNqX. �]eTU Y]Ç ��W� µ]qXP P® |NX WferµTP

uµwU WrQip WrtRXQ. ×�P Y� SfYr Rr ViOS�, R§ Y� WrQi�

©U [eck]RSXSX VµT� ViOS�PSQ [WT\iNPrRkXQ µcY] µr

[WgSX. �fROP uµri�P �Y~P �WrRSQ S� }T�RX [W~ S¢U

S�P Ã�POP _�iXU;� �\TZRXU T¨P SiQ�P µcP�P �Y~P S�

}T�RX [WrtPXQ V�fcRrPÇ �PTÛ uqT�µXQ r¡PXQ ST§U ÈO-

PXU, �SQ [Y^PgSOP VWQk^µT�RQP. �y q�i ¾P PQ\�rP, [ee�

XhR_i�U ¾P uSS�PST. ØµwU Y� lX VP SÀ uµrS]io _�io �Q-

TSrZrQP, ÒPX µ® ÓµX ¥µtP uSS�µrkX�.

�� Y� �kcPXtTQ lWrµ¹XP STtU ÈORQP � �RXP q�i \X�

XyST� ÈOPrU S~ q]PTU � rj\TRQ PX�U We¤irQU [PYi�P,

W]PSr Y� \X� T� �irSiQrtU. ¬iµ�PSXQ WgPSrU Wi~U }gi-

YrQU, lPkX � S�P �riR�P RXSigWcU Ù\rQ. �XZScP S®P Wf-

eQP Wî� WTik¤RXPSrU VWXP]i_TPSXQ Wi~U S�U hYNXU Wf-

erQU, T� Y� �kcPXtTQ \X� �irSiQrtU Tj\XYr. �y q�i VSfe-

µOP STtU S�P �riR�P RSiXSTtU ±Yc Wi~U XyST§U �iµO-

µ]PTQU [WXPSwP.

�� Y� ÈOPrU [PYirQfSXSX rhR�XNPT^RQP rhU S�U PX�U

©U WTerµ¤RTPSrU S� S�P �riR�P \X� ¸TQPN\OP PX^SQ\�.

�ee� µrqge� PX^µX_No uSS�PSXQ. ·rS� SX�SX T� �]i-

RXQ S�U S�P Ã�POP WferQU WTeQTi\T�PSrU PQ\�RQP ¼Wg-

RXU, S®P Y� ·NecSTP V\WTeQTi\¤RXPSrU �eOU YQX�krN-

iT^RQP. °X� �k¤PcRQ SfSr µ]qX W]PkTU �P, \X� lPQTQ V�T-

�T�PST, µ® T� �kcPXtTN WTSr S~ XyS~ STtU ·QecRNTQU Wg-

kORQP.

/(*'(*2#.

Úe�SScU µgeQRSX WXPSX_T� WrQi� \iXSrtP.

28

3(01#0%

reµmG

@-/,$%L; �iµgTµXQ D&%2"B+'%L&' (.4. ,"45"%)

remG

-/@"%L (.4. =(%"4(5()

VemG

@"6&%-)-$%L, @"+$%L (.4. !4(5()

JIsmG

B)+#$%L

P® S~P |NX

4+'.D&L �"-&)B!

XTUKmG

)*B$.K-$%L WfRTU, c, TP

&4)+L -"+/4/6, &4)+L B.),)#/&+"..K6 (+(&. quantus)

WfRTQ, XQ, X &4)+L B.),/" (+(&. quot)

�WrQµQ ("& rhµN)

)%&D%&%-)--$%L

tKKmLµUI

%"2("%L ()2$b"-./"

SmG

()J-)+'%L; V� _XNirQP

(2"."*2",$%L, )&%$-+'%L - ()4)"

ÓµX

-B"&%", &)-B"&%.)

� RXSigWcU, T^

&$%2$(, %(-5$.&%)' =$4.)!.'"," #(4C

Th\]O

b/%L, )*/%$%L, .$&"-+'%L

KLbµmG

)%-$b/-$%L&'

XTUHKmG

-&%2"#$%L u PX^µX_NX, XU B)2&4)"

&2$b"./"

WTeQTi\]O

)&$b@$%L ,)2)@

V\WTeQTi\]O

J$3-$%K-$%L (,)2)@ & ()B)CL0 )&$@K)

S~ W]PkTU, TÛ

&%2$@$./", %2$D2

rj\TRQ @-$@�$%L

S~ PX^SQ\fP, T� a+)%

WXPSX_T�

()-&0@D

WTik]O

2$J2D`$%L

R^PNRScµQ

&%$-/%L -B"&%"

V�NRScµQ

&%$-/%L -) ,+$-"

[�NRScµQ

J$&%$-+'%L )%-($&%L )% 4),)-+/*)

45 ,676&6 8%7('%

yFPS_M�XV Xc\ JPS�i\, �XU eµVd\ ÌlVdXV OM SGXSd\ jp-

�M S~�MUIM nQVUMa lSm OlVdMSU V~TUM S| µSPX_PIYTSU ZVPm

OµIY. (�%. 5, 39)

�LHp `{ eµ�\ xµVPWµMI_\ VrMSU. � �JSµI\ µVPUµM� Xc

XIY l_PWI_, Z]\ xPLT� X� l_PW�a � `{ JSµtTS\ µVPUµM� Xc

XIY l�TµI_, Z]\ xPLT� X� J_MSUlW, � lSm N J_M� N �JSµI\

lSm N ZSPsLMI\ µVPUµM� Xc XIY l_PWI_, �MS � �JWS lSm X�

T�µSXU lSm X� ZMVqµSXUa N `{ JSµtTSTS µVPUµM� Xc XIY

l�TµI_, Z]\ xPLT� X� xM`PW. (g 2"4. 7, 32-34)

29

yFPpX]µVM `{ eµ�\, x`VH�IW, V~`LMSU XI�\ lIZU]MXS\

OM eµdM lSm ZPI�TXSµLMI_\ eµ]M OM l_PW� lSm MI_sVXIYM-

XS\ eµ�\ lSm NJVdTsSU SGXI�\ eZVPVlZVPUTTIY OM xJiZ�

Ùc X[ nPJIM SGX]M. V~PKMVqVXV OM kS_XId\. (g �$.. 5, g2-g3)

ViX^PgO /&&+"@)-$%L u qiX�¤, ¢U (/&$./" YT\]O &#/%$%L, ()+$,$%L µXiSî]O &-/@"%"+L-

&%-)-$%L [µ]iQµPTU +/`"..K6 J$*)% �qXµTU, TP *"J*2$#.K6,

."b".$%K6 µriQµPgO J$*)%/%L&' [i]R\O aor. ±irRX D,)b@$%L qXµ]O b"./%L&' u WXik]PTU, T ̂ @"-$

ViOSgO &(2$`/-$%L rhY]PXQ (inf.) J.$%L \TWQgO %2D@/%L&' WiTÛRSgµrPTU, c, TP &%)'-

C/6 -("2"@/, (2"@&%)'-%"+L

PT^krS]O -2$JDB+'%L, D,)--$2/-$%L

uq]TµXQ (>!.) ()#/%$%L ¥Wrir\WriQRRT� )#".L B.)-

,) rhicPrZO *K%L - B/2"

45 96&61$:;(*#.

�ÜXtir, \^T�TiT�RX �Ycq~P WeXPOµ]PTQUÇ _Xtir,

[WTqrPP�RX e^SiOS®P Xh_µXe�STQU� (14$a/&%, /4)& 7)

\^T�Ti]O .)&/%L (+)@ � �YcqfU, T� D4$JK-$0C/6

(D%L, (2)-)@./4 WeXPgO &*/-$%L & (D%/ [WTqrPPgO 2)b@$%L

� e^SiTS¤U, T� /J*$-/%"+L, )&-)*)@/%"+L

Xh_µgeOSTU, TP -J'%K6 - (+".

<="%;*(*#.

I. H*2$JD6%" )% ,+$,)+$ RQqgO a)2BK 3 +/�$ sg. / pl.

-&"3 .$4+)."./6 .$&%)'C",) -2"B"./ / /B("2a"4%$ (-

@"6&%-/%"+L.)B J$+),").

II. �) b" @+' WrQigTµXQ (- &2"@."B J$+),").

30

III. !"2"-"@/%": µcY]PX [WgSX � WfRTQU �]PTQU [W¤P-

SXU; � V�P P�P µg_rRkXQ STeµwSr (STeµ¤RcSr), PQ\¤Rr-

Sr � VwSr XyS~P �^qrtP � Yi�PSOP, ½ �TZeTPSXQ � � ¥µ]-

SriTU RSiXS~U uSS�ST �P � X� P¢rU VW� PX^µX_NXP ©i-

µ�PST � V�P \X\� �iwSr, µ® RQqwSr � rjkr Yi�Sr (YigRXQ-

Sr) [r� S~ Wi]WTP.

IV. H(2"@"+/%" a)2BK ,+$,),)- / &DC"&%-/%"+L.K3:

krp (3) � \S�µrkX, \S¤µXSX � PQ\wP, PN\cP, PQ\�P (3), Sr-

er^S¢U, Srer^SpU � SQµp (4), SQµÀ.

V. !"2"-"@/%", )*2$C$' -./B$./" .$ ,+$,)+K, &+)b.K" &

lRScRX: �. �iQRSXqfiXU ST§U ÈOPXU [W]RScRr S�P �ri-

R�P. 2. °X� T� �kcPXtTQ V¹c�NRXPST STtU �]iRXQU PX�U

SQPXU [PSQRS¢RXQ. 3. �Tee�U �eeXU WferQU VW� |XirtTP

R^RS¤RXPSrU T� ·Qe¤RQTQ �iQRSXqfiXP SÀ RSgRrQ VW]R-

ScRXP. 4. |XirtTU Y� YrQP®P RSiXSQ�P V\rNPTQU [PSQRS¢-

RXQ VYZPXST. 5. Üi® S~P RSiXSQ�ScP µ]PrQP, �WTQ ¾P (,@"

*K ./) RS¤R� XyS~P � RSiXScqfU. 6. ¬ ^�~U Wi~U S~P

RSiXScqfPÇ ��µ], � l�c, � VWNRScRTP STtU �WeNSXQU�.

7. �\rtPTU Y� ST§U �WeNSXU lRScRr Wi~ ST� RSiXSTW]YT^.

3�

2"?) 3 4

Verba contracta .$ -fO: praesens et imperfectum activi et medii-passivi.

Genetivus (2/ Ver^krifO / WecifO.

Verba contracta B3 -uG

A ,+$,)+)- & )&.)-)6 .$ ,+$&.K6 T- &+/'./" (2)/&-

3)@/% () &+"@D0C/B (2$-/+$B: T + r, T, T^ > T^; T + c,

O > O, T + TQ, rQ, � > TQ. 8+$,)+ YTêfO ="4(@"�(&A, .$-

(2/B"2, &(2',$"%&' &+"@D0C/B )*2$J)B:

Praesens activi

Indicativus

� YTêfO > YTê� YTêfTµrP>YTêT�µrP

2 YTêfTQU > YTêTtU YTêfrSr > YTêT�Sr

3 YTêfrQ > YTêTt YTêfT^RQ(P)>YTêT�RQ(P)

Coniunctivus

� YTêfO > YTê� YTêfOµrP > YTê�µrP

2 YTêf�U > YTêTtU YTêfcSr > YTê�Sr

3 YTêf� > YTêTt YTêfORQ(P)>YTê�RQ(P)

Optativus

� YTêTTNcP > YTêTNcP YTêfTQµrP>YTêTtµrP

2 YTêTTNcU > YTêTNcU YTêfTQSr > YTêTtSr

3 YTêTTNc > YTêTNc YTêfTQrP > YTêTtrP

Infinitivus praesentis activi � YTêfrQP > YTêT�P.


Sing. 2 +. � YTZeTr > YTZeT^

3 +. � YTêT]SO > YTêTZSO

Pl. 2 +. � YTêfrSr > YTêT�Sr

3 +. � YTêTfPSOP > YTêTZPSOP

32

Participium praesentis activi

YTêfOP > YTê�P (gen. sg. YTêT�PSTU),

YTêfT^RX > YTêT�RX (gen. sg. YTêTZRcU),

YTêfTP > YTêT�P (gen. sg. YTêT�PSTU).


Indicativus

� YTêfTµXQ > YTêT�µXQ YTêTfµrkX>YTêTZµrkX

2 YTêf� > YTêTt YTêfrRkr > YTêT�Rkr

3 YTêfrSXQ > YTêT�SXQ YTêfTPSXQ> YTêT�PSXQ

Coniunctivus

� YTêfOµXQ > YTê�µXQ YTêT�µrkX>YTê�µrkX

2 YTêf� > YTêTt YTêfcRkr > YTê�Rkr

3 YTêfcSXQ > YTê�SXQ YTêfOPSXQ>YTê�PSXQ

Optativus

� YTêTTNµcP>YTêTNµcP YTêTTNµrkX>YTêTtµrkX

2 YTêfTQT > YTêTtT YTêfTQRkr > YTêTtRkr

3 YTêfTQST > YTêTtST YTêfTQPST>YTêTtPST

Infinitivus praesentis medii-passivi � YTêfrRkXQ > YT^-

eT�RkXQ.

Imperativus praesentis medii-passivi:

Sg. 2 +. � YTêfT^ > YTêT�

3 +. � YTêT]RkO > YTêTZRkO

Pl. 2 +. � YTêfrRkr > YTêT�Rkr

3 +. � YTêT]RkOP > YTêTZRkOP

Participium praesentis medii-passivi

YTêTfµrPTU > YTêTZµrPTU,

YTêTTµ]Pc > YTêT^µ]Pc,

YTêTfµrPTP > YTêTZµrPTP.

33

Imperfectum indicativi

Activum

� VYTZeTTP > VYTZeT^P VYTêfTµrP > VYTêT�µrP

2 VYTZeTrU > VYTZeTÛ VYTêfrSr > VYTêT�Sr

3 VYTZeTr > VYTZeT^ VYTZeTTP > VYTZeT^P

Medium � Passivum

� VYTêTfµcP > VYTêTZµcP VYTêTfµrkX > VYTêTZµrkX

2 VYTêfT^ > VYTêT� VYTêfrRkr > VYTêT�Rkr

3 VYTêfrST > VYTêT�ST VYTêfTPST > VYTêT�PST

/#*'%01#1

�. 8+$,)+ SbgfhgeuG ".9"@"?!(&A "& -$,"-+)@" D(2$--

+'"% 2)@/%"+L.KB ($@"b)B (&B. genetivus separationis -

D2)4" 7):

Ver^kriT�P ST� �f�T ̂ ".9"@"?!(&A "& .&4(/(.

2. !2/ ,+$,)+$3 &) J.$#"./"B %(="+%C&A -$5-+)@", @<&A

="+%<5 -$5-+)@", )5$&A -&"-+)@" 9 )>"@)+)) &%$-/%&' 2)-

@/%"+L.K6 /J)*/+/' (genetivus copiae). �$4)-, .$(2/-

B"2, ,+$,)+ TboeuG %(="+%C&A -$5-+)@":

�wRX u Äee�U SfSr VWeciT�ST S¢U S�P �kcPXNOP

Yf�cU � �.C �4$#)C &",!( @<+( ).="+%$%( .+(9< (*)%C%.

5 +$%/.&4)B 'JK4" "BD &))%-"%&%-D"% ablativus copiae.

v393^8B4P3: @C573

(490 R. ]8 ".d.)

|XirtTU ST§U ÈOPXU scµQ�RXU ·XiYfPQTP VW]RScRr

YrQP� Sr PX^SQ\� \X� µrqgeª Wrs� ©U \TegRTPSX

STZSTÛ, TÝ V\rNPTQU V�T¤kcRXP. ¿hU Y� ST§U Ðip\XU \X�

34

ST§U ·X\rYfPXU rhR�XeÍP � ·XiYfPQTU VWXP]i_rSXQ,

VWr� �T�riT� _rQµ�PrU S�U PX�U [P]Sir¹XP.

�� Y� SiNSª µrS� SX�SX VPQX^S� �eeT �riRQ\~P

PX^SQ\~P YQ� ST� ÆhqXNT^ SÀ ÄeegYQ XySÀ WecRQgsrQ VP

WTeeXtU P¤RTQU [Pki�WTÛ ¼iWgsTP Þ kXPXST�P \X�

S�U Th\NXU WîT�P. �fSr Y® T� �kcPXtTQ µgeX �T�T�PSXQ,

µ® \X� XyST� �µTNOU YTê�PSXQ \X� u WfeQU Wî�SXQ.

�ee� r U [P®i r¨ R^µ�TêrZrQ STtU �T�T^µ]PTQU,

·QeSQgYcU S~ ßPTµX. ¬ Y� R��iTRQ \X� ¯�]RQ efqTQU ST§U

WTeNSXU WrNkrQ YceT�P, �SQ S¢U Ver^kriNXU ��QTN rhRQP.

�£SOU T� �kcPXtTQ �TêrZTPSXQ STtU �]iRXQU RSiXS~P

[PSQRS¢RXQ. �i�P Y� STtU WTerµNTQU VPXPSQT�RkXQ WXi�

S�P �X\rYXQµTPNOP R^µµX_NXP \X� �T¤krQXP [�QT�RQP.

�� Y� Wi~ S¢U Rre¤PcU WeckTZRcU Ty_ v�rQP

[WT\iNPTPSXQ. �ee� T� �kcPXtTQ \XNWri µfPTQ ßPSrU

XySN\X rhU S~ ·XiXk�PQTP WrYNTP �iµ�PSXQ, lPkX T�

�]iRXQ ±Yc RSiXSTWrYrZTPSXQ. �¢U T¨P µg_cU

qrPTµ]PcU T� S�P �kcPXNOP �WetSXQ Yifµª Wi~U S®P

S�P �riR�P �geXqqX �iµ�µrPTQ eXµWiTSgScP PN\cP

PQ\�RQ ST� ·QeSQgYT^ RSiXScqT�PSTU. ¬ Y� PQ\¤RXU

PrXPNXP �k¤PXsr lWrµ¹rP, ÒPX ST§U V\rt �f�T^

Ver^kriTt. °X� TÅSTU ��PQ\¤RXµrP� �T¤RXU ¥W~ ST�

WfPT^ [W]kXPrP.

�wRX Y� u Äee�U SfSr VWeciT�ST S¢U S�P �kcPXNOP

Yf�cU. �� Y� PQ\�PSrU S� ·QeSQgY� µ]qX SifWXQTP VP S�

V\rt WrYNª lRScRXP.

/(*'(*2##

�. à¤eT^ S~P VRke~P �PYiX \X� S~P R��iTPX. 2. ·®

µ]qX �ifPrQ, ÒPX µ® SXWrQPTt.

35

3(01#0%

S~ PX^SQ\fP, T� a+)%

S~ WrsfP, T� ("`"" -)6&4) hUHUKuG

DB"2C-+'%L

TfeuG

(2"@$-$%L ),.0

SHUHKIuLµUI

&)(2)%/--+'%L&', (2)%/-)&%)'%L

u �T¤krQX, rNXU

()B)CL u Rre¤Pc, cU

+D.$

RSiXSTWrYrZTµXQ

2$&()+$-,$%L&' +$,"2"B

u µg_c, cU

*/%-$, &2$b"./"

� YifµTU, T^

*",; &)&%'J$./" - *","; B"&%) @+' *",$ (.4. )=="!4"5)

u �geXq�, qqTU

a$+$.,$

RSiXScq]O

(2"@-)@/%"+L-&%-)-$%L -)6&4$B/

� �f�TU, T^

&%2$3

SbgfhgeuG

)&-)*)b@$%L

TboeuG

.$()+.'%L

KUTgIHuG

D./b$%L

S~ SifWXQTP, T^

%2)a"6

wobuG

&)2"-.)-$%L, ()@-2$b$%L; J$-/@)-$%L; 3-$-+/%L

[PXSi]WO

)(2)4/@K-$%L

45 ,676&6 8%7('%

�N JM]TU\ �_TUId, N `{ xJiZK I~lIÌµVd. (g 2"4. 8, g)

w[ ZIXtPUIM X�\ VGHIJWS\ VGHIJIYµVM, IGQm lIUMpMWS

OTXmM XIY S�µSXI\ XIY ¡PUTXIY; X[M �PXIM M lH]µVM, IGQm

lIUMpMWS XIY T�µSXI\ XIY ¡PUTXIY OTXUM; (g 2"4. g0, g6)

¢£ xJiZK µSlPIs_µVd, QPKTXVqVXSU N xJiZK, IG jKHId,

N xJiZK IG ZVPZVPVqVXSU, IG �_TUIYXSU, IGl xTQKµIMVd,

IG jKXVd Xc kS_X�\, IG ZSPI}qMVXSU, IG HIJWjVXSU X[

lSl�M, IG QSWPVU OZm X� xÙlW¤, T_JQSWPVU `{ X� xHKsVW¤a

ZiMXS TXLJVU, ZiMXS ZUTXVqVU, ZiMXS OHZWjVU, ZiMXS

eZIµLMVU. (g 2"4. g3, 4-7)

u qP�RQU, rOU J.$./" �^RQfO .$@B"-$%L \egO ("2"+$BK-$%L µX\iTk^µ]O @)+,)%"2("%L _icRSrZTµXQ *K%L @)*2KB scefO 2"-.)-$%L, J$-/@)-$%L RS]qO ()42K-$%L

WriWrirZTµXQ (2"-)J.)-&/%L&'

[R_cµTP]O ."(2/&%)6.) &"*' -"&%/

scS]O /&4$%L WXiT�ZPO 2$J@2$b$%L ¥WTµ]PO %"2("%L

36

45 96&61$:;(*#.

�ÜXtir, S�P �kcPXNOP S�U WeT\�U YQXRW�RXÇ _Xtir,

S�P ¼eQ]OP S�U RXq¤PXU WeciT�RX� (14$a/&%, /4)& 9)

u WeT\¤, ¢U (+"%"./" YQXRWgO 2$J2K-$%L .$ #$&%/ � ¼eQrZU, ]OU 2K*$4

u RXq¤Pc, cU 2K*)+)-.$' &"%L

WecifO .$()+.'%L

<="%;*(*#.

I. H(2"@"+/%" a)2BK, ("2"-"@/%": �. ·® [YQ\�µrP, µ®

[WXS�µrP, µ® scµQ�µrP. 2. ·QµTtPST �P, kr�PST �P,

VPXPSQTtPST �P. 3. á�]erQ, �iX, Y¤eT^. 4. �R\T�µrP,

V�µrP, [�QT�µrP. 5. ��P [WOk¢Sr, V�P �TwSr, V�P

Ver^kri�Sr. 6. �PX ¥µPÀU, ÒPX RQqpU, ÒPX YceTtU.

II. H(2"@"+/%" a)2BK ,+$,)+)-, (2/+$,$%"+L.K3 / .$-

2"#/6 / ("2"-"@/%": kXPgSª, kXPXS� (2) � WîN, WîTt

(2) � [�NTÛ, ��NTÛ � Weci�P (2) � YT�eTP, YTêT�P (2) �

Y¤eOP, Yce�P � VPXPSQT�, VPXPSNT^.

37

2"?) 3 5

H&)*"..)&%/ verba contracta: s¢P, _i¢RkXQ, WertP / @2.

|rt & infinitivus /+/ accusativus cum infinitivo; gen. inopiae (2/ Yrt µTQ / Y]TµXQ; dativus instrumenti (2/ _i¢RkXQ.

?48@=BB845C verba contracta

�. 5 ."4)%)2K3 ,+$,)+$3 .$ -gO &+/'./" (2)/&3)@/%

- c / � .$ B"&%" )*K#.K3 Ô / o. �$4)-K ,+$,)+K sgO

(s¤O) ?)&A, _igO (_i¤O) !(9(&A "&9$& ()* )2$4D+"),

_igTµXQ (_i¤TµXQ) ="+A>"9(&A.C, WrQPgO (WrQP¤O) ,"-

+"!(&A, YQ¹gO (YQ¹¤O) ).=<&<9(&A ?(?!0. 5 4$#"&%-"

(2/B"2)- (2/-"@"B &(2'b"./" .$/*)+"" D()%2"*/-

%"+L.K3 /J ./3 ,+$,)+)- sgO ?)&A / _igTµXQ ="+A>"-

9(&A.C.

Praesens activi

Indicativus Coniunctivus Optativus

Sg. � s� s� sÕcP

2 sÀU sÀU sÕcU

3 sÀ sÀ sÕc

Pl. � s�µrP s�µrP s�µrP

2 s¢Sr s¢Sr s�Sr

3 s�RQ(P) s�RQ(P) s�rP

Infinitivus praesentis activi � s¢P

Imperativus praesentis activi;

Sing. 2 +. � s¢

3 +. � s¤SO

Pl. 2 +. � s¢Sr

3 +. � s�PSOP

38

Participium praesentis activi � s�P, s�RX, s�P



Sg.� _i�µXQ _i�µXQ _iÕµcP

2 _iÀ _iÀ _i�T

3 _i¢SXQ _i¢SXQ _i�ST

Pl. � _i�µrkX _i�µrkX _iÕµrkX

2 _i¢Rkr _i¢Rkr _i�Rkr

3 _i�PSXQ _i�PSXQ _i�PST

Infinitivus praesentis medii-passivi � _i¢RkXQ

Imperativus praesentis medii-passivi

Sing. 2 +. � _i�

3 +. � _i¤RkO

Pl. 2 +. � _i¢Rkr

3 +. � _i¤RkOP


_i�µrPTU, _iOµ]Pc, _i�µrPTP.

Imperfectum indicativi activi et medii - passivi


Sing. � lsOP V_i�µcP

2 lscU V_i�

3 lsc V_i¢ST

Pl. � Vs�µrP V_i�µrkX

2 Vs¢Sr V_i¢Rkr

3 lsOP V_i�PST

2. 8+$,)+K & )@.)&+)b.)6 )&.)-)6 .$ -]O - &/&%"B"

.$&%)'C",) -2"B"./ &+/-$0%&' %)+L4) - %"3 a)2B$3, -

4)%)2K3 )% &+/'./' ()+D#$"%&' rQ, - )&%$+L.K3 b" a)2-

B$3 &+/'./' ." (2)/&3)@/%. �$4)-K ,+$,)+K We]O

39

=+<&A, WP]O !<B(&A, P]O =+<&A, m]O &$-A, _]O

+)&A, )%+)b/%"+L.K6 ,+$,)+ Y]TµXQ %0?!(&A.C.

5 4$#"&%-" (2/B"2)- (2/-"@"B &(2'b"./" ,+$,)+)-

m]O &$-A / Y]TµXQ %0?!(&A.C.

Praesens activi


Sg. � m]O m]O m]TQµQ

2 mrtU m]�U m]TQU

3 mrt m]� m]TQ

Pl. � m]TµrP m]OµrP m]TQµrP

2 mrtSr m]cSr m]TQSr

3 m]T^RQ(P) m]ORQ(P) m]TQrP

Infinitivus praesentis activi � mrtP

Imperativus praesentis activi

Sing. 2 +. � mrt

3 +. � mrNSO

Pl. 2 +. � mrtSr

3 +. � mrfPSOP

Participium praesentis activi � m]OP, m]T^RX, m]TP

Praesens passivi


Sg.� Y]TµXQ Y]OµXQ YrTNµcP

2 Y]rQ Y]� Y]TQT

3 YrtSXQ Y]cSXQ Y]TQST

Pl. � YrfµrkX Yr�µrkX YrTNµrkX

2 YrtRkr Y]cRkr Y]TQRkr

3 Y]TPSXQ Y]OPSXQ Y]TQPST

Infinitivus praesentis passivi � YrtRkXQ

40


YrfµrPTU, YrTµ]Pc, YrfµrPTP.

Imperfectum indicativi activi et passivi

Activum Passivum

Sing. � lâmrTP VYrfµcP

2 lâmrQU VY]T^

3 lâmrQ VYrtST

Pl. � Vâm]TµrP VYrfµrkX

2 VâmrtSr VYrtRkr

3 lâmrTP VY]TPST

NB 9" *K-$"% &+/'./' -) 2 +/�" "@/.&%-"..),) #/&+$ .$-

&%)'C",) -2"B"./ )% Y]TµXQ %0?!(&A.C � Y]rQ. ?+/%.$' a)2B$ Yrt D()%2"*+'"%&' *"J+/#.) � %0?%", .+$!0$&.

8+$,)+ Y]O 9C>(&A &(2',$"%&' &+/%.) -) -&"3 a)2B$3.

3. 5 )%+)b/%"+L.)B ,+$,)+" TjTµXQ !05(&A B)b"%

(2)/&3)@/%L &+/'./" - � +/�" "@/.&%-"..),) #/&+$ .$-

&%)'C",) -2"B"./ (TjTµXQ / T¡µXQ) / /B("2a"4%$ («f-

µcP / ÙµcP).

/#*'%01#1

�. !2/ B.),/3 *"J+/#.K3 ,+$,)+$3, .$(2/B"2, (2/ ,+$-

,)+" Vgk !"+?%", %0?%", &%$-/%&' CB^CBC5C7, -K()+-

.'0C/6 aD.4�/0 ()@+"b$C",):

S� Veg_QRSX Yrt X�irtRkXQ S�P \X\�P � )> >"+ %0?%"

9<@)4(&A %()5$%AB)$.

!2/ {%)B b" ,+$,)+" &%$-/%&' accusativus cum infinitivo,

"&+/ -K2$b".) +),/#"&4)" ()@+"b$C"" /.a/./%/-$:

Yrt S~P WTeNScP S~P [qXk~P VWNRSXRkXQ \X� YZPXRkXQ

\X� �i_rRkXQ \X� �i_rQP � %0?%", -&"@< /"4"B)7 ,4(?!(-

%)% 05$+ ) 5", ) ="!-)%C&A.C, ) 9+(.&9"9(&A.

4�

9$ 2D&&4/6 'JK4 %$4)6 )*)2)% )*K#.) ("2"-)@/%&' @)-

()+./%"+L.KB (2"@+)b"./"B & &)0J)B -&"@< /+/ ."-

)(2"@"+"..)6 a)2B)6 ,+$,)+$ & @$%"+L.KB ($@"b)B:

/"4"B$50 ,4(?!(%)%0 %0?%" 05$&A ) 5"-A ) ="!-)%C&A.C

) 9+(.&9"9(&A.

2. !2/ ,+$,)+$3 &) J.$#"./'B/ %0?!(&A.C 9 -$5-+)@",

+)B(&A '","-%)@0!A -$,"-+)@", 4$4, .$(2/B"2, (2/ ,+$,)-

+" Y]TµXQ %0?!(&A.C 9 -$5-+)@", =4".)&A '","-+)@", $

%$4b" (2/ *"J+/#.)B -K2$b".// Yrt + dat. (.$(2/B"2,

Yrt µTQ 5%$ %0?%") &%$-/%&' 2)@/%"+L.K6 ."@)&%$%4$

(genetivus inopiae):

YrfµrkX �TckrNXU 5< =4".)5 ="5"�); Yrt ¥µtP Pr�P

9(5 %0?%< '"4(@+).

5 +$%/.&4)B 'JK4" "BD &))%-"%&%-D"% ablativus inopiae.

3. !2/ ,+$,)+" _igTµXQ (_i¤TµXQ) ="+A>"9(&A.C -$5-

+)@" &%$-/%&' @$%"+L.K6 ($@"b )2D@/' @"6&%-/' � dati-

vus instrumenti (&2. D2)4 4). 5 +$%/.&4)B 'JK4" "BD &)-

)%-"%&%-D"% ablativus instrumenti, $ - 2D&&4)B � %-)2/-

%"+L.K6 ($@"b:

ã l_rQU, STZSTQU _i� ()+LJD6&' %"B, #%) /B""`L.

[8\8] )4=9P43 (480 R. ]8 ".d.)

�\]er^Rr Y® � ä]i�cU WgPSXU µ�P ST§U RXSigWXU

WTee�P µîQgYOP RSiXS~P \X� _QeNOP Pr�P PX^SQ\~P

WXiXR\r^gsrQP. �TtU Y� S]\STRQP VW]SX�r S~P Äee¤R-

WTPSTP qr�îT�P. °X� TÅSTQ RWT^YXNOU \X� S� WTee�P

ViqXS�P WfPª _i�µrPTQ ST�ST VWTNT^P. ÎYrQ q�i SÀ ST�

�XRQe]OU �TêÀ XySN\X WrNkrRkXQ. �Wr� Y� _rQµ�PrU hR-

_î�U WP]TPSrU S�U YZT qr�ZiXU YQ]e^RXP, ä]i�cU S®P

42

kgeXSSXP µXRSQqT�RkXQ \X� ST§U S]\STPXU �TPrZrRkXQ

V\]er^RrP.

·rS� Y� SX�SX VW� P]XQU qr�ZiXQU S~P RSiXS~P YQr�N-

�XRrP rhU S®P Ðio\cP. ÎPkX S~ µ�P Wrs~P \X� T� �WWrtU

VWTirZTPST YQ� S�P V\rt ÄeecPQ\�P WferOP \X� YQ� S�P

WTSXµ�P, TÝ rhU S~ ÆhqXtTP rhRi]T^RQP. Æ� Y� P¢rU WXi]-

WerTP WXi� S®P ±WrQiTP.

��P T¨P �riR�P [�Q\PT^µ]POP µ]qQRSTU �P � S�P

Äee¤POP �f�TU, µRSr WTeeT� STtU ä]i�T^ [qq]eTQU q¢P

\X� £YOi XhST�RQP ¥W¤\T^RXP. ÎPQXQ Y� WferQU �Tê¢U

YrfµrPXQ lWrµ¹XP Wi~U S~P |re�Q\~P krfP. �kgâmT^P

Y� T� �X\rYXQµfPQTQ \X� T� �kcPXtTQ, V\rtPTQ µ�P SÀ S�P

�WeQS�P hR_ZQ WQRSrZTPSrU, T� Y� �kcPXtTQ PX�U WTQcRg-

µrPTQ ©U YQX\TRNXU. ÐrµQRST\e¢U q�i ±Yc Wi~ S¢U ä]i-

�T^ WTirNXU r¡Wr SgYrÇ �¬i�, � WTetSXQ, ©U s¢Sr VP �f�ª

\X� [�TêNo. �ee� _i¢Rkr SÀ XySÀ WiTk^µNo, å V_i�µr-

kX ±Yc WTeeg\QU. �NPTU Y� _i¤µXSTU YrtRkr, V�P X¨kQU

WiTRWe]� �riRQ\fP SQ PX^SQ\fP; |rt ¥µtP Pr�P. �wRQ

�iX STtU _i¤µXRQ _i¢RkXQ Wi~U PX^WcqNXP VqÍ µ�P Y]T-

µXQ ¥µ�P, u Y� WXSi�U \rerZrQ�. �� T¨P �kcPXtTQ SX�SX

[\TZRXPSrU S� Y]TPSX lWiX�XP.

/(*'(*2##

�. �r� Yrt r¨ WTQrtP \X� r¨ WTPrtP. 2. Æ� �iQRSXQ YT\T�-

RXQ r¡PXQ �ZRrQU µgeQRSX WXQYrNXU Y]TPSXQ. 3. �gPSX mrt

(8"2$4+/%). 4. |QTq]PcU Wi~U e]qTPSg SQPX \X\~P r¡PXQ

S~ s¢PÇ ��y S~ s¢P, � l�c, � [ee� S~ \X\�U s¢P�. 5. ¬ Xy-

S~U ¯PrQYQsfµrPfU WTSr, �SQ VP SÀ [qTip VRkNrQÇ ��P SÀ

[qTip qgi, � l�c, � \X� VWrNPcRX�.

43

3(01#0%

u µc_XP¤, ¢U D&%2)6&%-), &()&)*, 3/%2)&%L (.4. 5$-/(%)'(, 5$/(%)>5)

jemLµUI ()+LJ)-$%L&', )*-C$%L&'

u

XySTPTµNX, XU

$-%).)B/', ."J$-/&/B)&%L, D(2$-+"-./" () &-)/B J$4).$B (.4. (9&"%"5)C)

wmG b/%L

u µîQgU, gYTU %LB$, @"&'%L %K&'# (.4. 5)4)(!<)

_NeQTQ, XQ, X

%K&'#$ (=4)+(,.; .4. ')+",4(55)

Vgk

.Db.) ('"50 + dat., -$," + gen.)

THZG @K`$%L (.4. =%$95(-&)-$.')7, =%$95"%)C)

u q]�îX, XU B)&% qr�îfO &%2)/%L B)&%, &)-

"@/.'%L B)&%)B � �WWrZU, ]OU -&$@./4

glJeZG -%"4$%L, -($@$%L

[�Q\P]TµXQ (2/3)@/%L ¯PrQYNsO ()2/�$%L

¥WX\TZO (2/&+D`/-$%L&', &+D`$%L&'

VZLµUI (2)`D, .Db@$0&L (9 -$5-+)@" + gen.)

kXâm]O @"2J$%L, )%-$b/--$%L&', *K%L &B"+KB

©U (=4) -).+)&$+A%</) (2/-*+/J/%"+L.)

YQX\fRQTQ, XQ, X @-"&%/ u [�TêNX, XU 2$&%"2'.-

.)&%L, )%&D%&%-/" [()@3)-@'C",)] 2"`"./', .")*-@DB$..)&%L

u WiTk^µNX, XU 2-"./"

TeLJTbZG ()@(+K-$%L

S~ VZLH, TPSTU (&('?$ pl.) @)+b.)", .")*3)@/B)", @)+,

YQX�Q�gsO ("2"(2$-+'%L µXRSQqfO */#"-$%L

u PX^WcqNX, XU 4)2$*+"-&%2)"./"

WrQPgO *K%L ,)+)@.KB, (2),)+)@$%L&'

45 ,676&6 8%7('%

yFµIm JcP X[ j�M ¡PUTX[\ lSm X[ xZIsSMVdM lLPÌ\.

(�)+. g, 2g)

�lSH[\ � M�µI\, OiM XU\ SGX� MIµWµp\ QP�XSU�

(g :)5. g, 8)

^Vd JcP lSm S|PLTVU\ OM eµdM VrMSU, �MS lSm I| `�lUµIU

�SMVPIm JLMpMXSU OM eµdM. (g 2"4. gg, g9)

44

ÎYHIM `{ l_PWI_ IG `Vd µiQVTsSU xHHc �ZUIM VrMSU

ZP[\ ZiMXS\, Ù`SlXUl�M, xMV}WlSlIM. (2 :)5. 2, 24)

[WTkP¤R\O, aor. [W]kXPTP DB/2$%L

S~ \]iYTU, rTU -K,)@$, ()+LJ$ PTµNµOU J$4)..) _igTµXQ ()+LJ)-$%L&',

D()%2"*+'%L u XÒirRQU, rOU (>!.))&)*)" D#"-

./", .$(2$-+"./", `4)+$ Yf\QµTU, TP (2)-"2"..K6,

/&(K%$..K6

�XPrifU, g, fP -/@/BK6, J$B"%.K6

qNqPTµXQ, aor. VqrPfµcP -)J./4$%L, ()'-+'%L&'

±WQTU, X, TP @)*2K6, (2/--"%+/-K6

YQYX\SQ\fU, ¤, fP ()D#$0-C/6

[Pr�N\X\TU, TP ."J+)*/-K6

<="%;*(*#.

I. !2)&(2',$6%" ($2$++"+L.) - ind. praes. / impf. act.

,+$,)+K XhS]O / WXiXWe]O.

II. ?@"+$6%" %) b" &$B)" @+' ,+$,)+)- �iµgTµXQ /

_igTµXQ.

III. !"2"-"@/%": _rQµ�PrU lWPrTP � P�P Ty\]SQ WP]T^-

RQP � rjkr [qXk~U �PrµTU WP]TQ � µ]qXU WTSXµ~U V\rt

WgeXQ lâmrQ � WgPSX mrtP r¡WrP � Øig\erQSTU � V�P µc-

\]SQ s�RQP � V�P lSQ s¢Sr � _i� S� R� P� � Y]TQ ¾P �Tc-

krtP � � �NeTU �TckTNc �P � µ® �T�T� [r� WTQrtP S~ Y]TP.

IV. !"2"-"@/%", )*2$C$' -./B$./" .$ D()%2"*+"./"

($@"b.K3 a)2B: �. |rfµrkg RT^ Ê�rertP uµwU. 2. |rf-

µrkX q�i �TckrNXU. 3. ã l_rQU, STZSTQU _i�Ç [ee� \X� �e-

eTÛ Ver^k]iT^ S¢U [Pgq\cU. 4. �� Neª Yrt _icµgSOP.

5. °X\T� �PkiOWTQ XyS~P [WTRSriT�RQ ST� \S¤µXSTU.

6. }§ uµtP uqT�Ç uqTZµrkX qgi Rr r¡PXQ VRkefSXSTP �PY-

iX. 7. �Yf\rQ STtU �kcPXNTQU WXirtPXQ STtU ÈORQP.

45

2"?) 3 6

Aoristus II activi et medii ()4).#$-./"). 5)J-2$%.K" B"&%)/B"./'; &))%.)&/%"+L.K" B"&%)/B"./' / .$2"#/' (�RTU � STRT�STU / @2.).

Participium praedicativum (2/ verba sentiendi (�igO, XhRkgPTµXQ, W^PkgPTµXQ).

Aoristus II activi C medii (8P8B>3BC=)

5 D2)4" 27 Db" ,)-)2/+)&L )* )*2$J)-$.// &/+L.),)

(-%)2),)) $)2/&%$ *"J /&()+LJ)-$./' &Daa/4&$, .) )%

)&)*)6 )&.)-K, )%+/#.)6 )% )&.)-K (2"J".&$ (/.),@$

@$b" &D((+"%/-.)6, %) "&%L )*2$J)-$..)6 )% @2D,),)

4)2.'), (2/-)@/+&' &(/&)4 ,+$,)+)- & &/+L.KB/ $)2/-

&%$B/, 4)%)2K" &+"@)-$+) J$D#/%L .$/JD&%L. 5 @$..)B

D2)4" {%)% &(/&)4 2$&`/2'"%&', 42)B" %),), $4%/-.""

--)@'%&' (2"a/4&$+L.K" / ."+/#.K" a)2BK ,+$,)+)- -

&/+L.)B $)2/&%".

>+' J$D#/-$./' .$/JD&%L (2"@+$,$0%&' &+"@D0C/"

,+$,)+K: �qO 9$.&) � ±qXqTP (WiTRgqO =4)9"!)&A �

WiTR¤qXqTP), X�i]O @4(&A, "/9(&<9(&A � r eTP, XhRkg-

PTµXQ -09.&9"9(&A, 0>%(9(&A � æRkfµcP, [�Q\P]TµXQ

=4)@<9(&A � [�Q\fµcP, �geeO @4".(&A � l�XeTP (rhR-

�geeO 9&"4,(&A.C � rhR]�XeTP), eXµ�gPO @4(&A �

leX�TP (\XSXeXµ�gPO >(/9(&<9(&A � \XS]eX�TP), erN-

WO ".&(9+C&A � leQWTP (\XSXerNWO ".&(9+C&A =".+$

.$@C � \XS]eQWTP), �igO 9)!$&A � r¡YTP, WNWSO =(-

!(&A � lWrRTP, W^PkgPTµXQ 0>%(9(&A, 4(..=4(B)9(&A �

VW^kfµcP.

46

!2/-"@"..K" - D2)4" 27 ,+$,)+K @)()+.'0%&' (2/-

&%$-)#.KB/ )*2$J)-$./'B/: li_TµXQ )!&), =4)/"-

!)&A � �ekTP, V�]i_TµXQ 9</"!)&A � V�¢ekTP, VWXP]i-

_TµXQ 9">94(�(&A.C � VWXP¢ekTP; Si]_O @$?(&A �

lYiXµTP, \XSXSi]_O .@$,(&A � \XS]YiXµTP, WiTSi]_O

9<@$,(&A 9=$4$! � WiT]YiXµTP; �rZqO @$?(&A, )>@$-

,(&A � l�^qTP, V\�rZqO )>@$,(&A, .'4<9(&A.C � V�]-

�^qTP.

$8A7935BO= N=458CN=BC: (pronomina reflexiva)

5)J-2$%.K" B"&%)/B"./' () &-)"BD J.$#"./0 B),D%

/B"%L %)+L4) 4)&-"..K" ($@"b/, (2/#"B - ("2-)B /

-%)2)B +/�" � %)+L4) BDb&4)6 / b".&4/6 2)@. H./ )*-

2$J)-$.K &+)b"./"B )&.)- +/#.K3 B"&%)/B"./6 & )(-

2"@"+/%"+L.KB B"&%)/B"./"B XySfU .(5 / /JB".'0%-

&' () I�II &4+)."./'B.

[=978= QCc8

Gen. VµX^ST�, -S¢U

5$%C .(5",", .(5"7, .$@C

uµ�P XyS�P

%(. .(5)/, .$@C

Dat. VµX^S�, -SÀ

5%$ .(5"50, .(5"7, .$@$

uµtP XySTtU, -XtU

%(5 .(5)5, .$@$

Acc. VµX^SfP,-S¤P

[9)?0] 5$%C .(5",", .(50, .$@C

uµwU XySTZU, -gU

[9)?0] %(. .(5)/, .$@C

$5898= QCc8

Gen. RrX^ST�, -S¢U

&$@C .(5",", .(5"7, .$@C

¥µ�P XyS�P

9(. .(5)/, .$@C

Dat. RrX^S�, -À

&$@$ .(5"50, .(5"7, .$@$

¥µtP XySTtU, -XtU

9(5 .(5)5, .$@$

47

Acc. RrX^SfP, -¤P

[9)!)BA] &$@C .(5",", .(-

50, .$@C

¥µwU XySTZU, -gU

[9)!)&$] 9(. .(5)/, .$@C

x9=56= QCc8

Gen. ²X^ST�, -S¢U

$," .(5",", $$ .(5"7, .$@C

²X^S�P

/+/ R��P XyS�P

)/ .(5)/, .$@C

Dat. ²X^S�, -À

/+/ T

$50 .(5"50, $7 .(5"7, .$@$

²X^STtU, -XtU

/+/ R�NRQPXySTtU, -XtU

)5 .(5)5, .$@$

Acc. ²X^SfP, -¤P, f

[9)!)&] $," .(5",", $$ .(50,

.$@C

²X^STZU, -gU, -g

/+/ R�wU XySTZU, -gU

[9)!C&] )/ .(5)/, .$@C

!)&4)+L4D @/a%)., X^ B)b"% (),+)C$%L J-D4 r, %) -

a)2B$3 -%)2),) / %2"%L",) +/�$ /&()+LJD0%&' @D*+"%-

.K" a)2BK: RX^ST� (-B"&%) RrX^ST�), X¥ST� (-B"&%)

²X^ST�) / %. @.

5 )%+/#/" )% 2D&&4),) 'JK4$, - 4)%)2)B -)J-2$%.)"

B"&%)/B"./" D()%2"*+'"%&' )@/.$4)-) @+' -&"3 +/�, -

@2"-.",2"#"&4)B 'JK4" 4$b@)" -)J-2$%.)" B"&%)/B"./"

/&()+LJD"%&' +/`L @+' )@.),) +/�$. !2/ D4$J$.// .$

()@+"b$C"" ("2-),) +/�$ � B"&%)/B"./" VµX^ST� /

%. @., (2/ D4$J$.// .$ ()@+"b$C"" -%)2),) +/�$ �

RrX^ST� / %. @., (2/ D4$J$.// .$ ()@+"b$C"" %2"%L",)

+/�$ � ²X^ST� / %. @. 9$(2/B"2: �i� VµX^SfP C 9)?0

.$@C, �ipU RrX^SfP &< 9)!)BA .$@C, �ip ²X^SfP "% 9)-

!)& .$@C, �i�µrP uµwU XySTZU 5< 9)!)5 .$@C, �iwSr

¥µwU XySTZU 9< 9)!)&$ .$@C, �i�RQP ²X^STZU "%) 9)-

!C& .$@C.

48

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.K", )%.)&/%"+L.K" / .")(2"@"+"..)-)%.)&/%"+L.K"

&+)-$ (2"@&%$-+".K ./b" - %$*+/�$3.

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SceN\TU &(')/ +$&

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49

9"4)%)2K" /J D4$J$..K3 a)2B -&%2"#$0%&' &2$-./-

%"+L.) 2"@4). �$4, STtTU J$B".'"%&' #"2"J STQT�STU / STQ-

fRYr, SfRTU � #"2"J STRT�STU / STRfRYr, SceN\TU #"2"J �

SceQ\T�STU.

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1$"=4$!$-+$%%"-"&%".)-&$+A%<$

WT� ,!$? WTZ ,!$-%)@0!A

VPkgYr, VPkX�SX >!$.A, V\rt, XyST� &(5

TÅ ,!$ �WT^ ,!$ @< %), ,!$

WfkrP "&'0!(?

WTk]P "&'0!(-%)@0!A

VPk]PYr, VPkr�krP "&.D!( V\rtkrP, XySfkrP "&&0!(

�krP, lPkrP "&'0!(

�WfkrP "&'0!( @< %), "&'0!(

WTt '0!(?

WTN '0!(-%)@0!A

VPkgYr, VPkX�SX .D!( V\rtRr, XySfRr &0!(

T , lPkX '0!(

�WTQ '0!( @< %), '0!(

WfSr '",!(?

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WcPN\X 9 '('"$ 94$5C !%C?

ScPQ\gYr, ScPQ\X�SX 9 ¨&" 94$5C !%C

uPN\X '",!(

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50

W�U '('?!

W�U '('-%)@0!A

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WÀ '0!(? ,!$? '('?!

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SÀYr, SXZS� .D!(, >!$.A, &('!

å '0!(, ,!$, '('!

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/#*'%01#1

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B)b"% )%.)&/%L&' 4 &D*�"4%D @"6&%-/' (()@+"b$C"BD

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'%/" (verba sentiendi) � �igO 9)!$&A, XhRkgPTµXQ -09-

.&9"9(&A, W^PkgPTµXQ 0>%(9(&A � &%$-/%&' (2"@/4$-

%/-.)" (2/#$&%/" - -/./%"+L.)B ($@"b" - 4$#"&%-"

(2/+)b"./' 4 @)()+."./0 D(2$-+'0C",) ,+$,)+$. 5

2"JD+L%$%" ()+D#$"%&' 4).&%2D4�/' accusativus cum

participio, 4)%)2$' ("2"-)@/%&' .$ 2D&&4/6 'JK4 @)()+-

./%"+L.KB (2"@+)b"./"B & &)0J)B -&":

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WTeeT§U Y� \X� �^qfPSXU ©(4A 0>%(+, -&" 5%",)$ )> $,"

(9")%"9) =(+), ( 5%",)$ ) @$?(+).

5 +$%/.&4)B 'JK4" {%)6 4).&%2D4�// &))%-"%&%-D"% ac-

cusativus cum infinitivo /+/ accusativus cum participio.

5�

vyp=457=BB3: 4N=956 4D3953Bc=7 D9C z=9N8DCQ3\ (480 R. ]8 ".d.)

ä]i�cU, µRWri VµgkrSr, S~ ²X^ST� RSigSr^µX rhU S®P

ÄeegYX ±qXqrP ©U SQµOicRfµrPTU ST§U �kcPXNTÛ. �z-

WTSr T� èeecPrU STRT�STP \NPY^PTP V\QPYZPr^TP, �RTP

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ST, T X VP SXtU Wi~U ä]i�cP µg_XQU. �i�STP µ�P T� �]i-

RXQ rhR]�XeTP rhU S®P ÐrSSXeNXP. �XZScP \XSXeX�ÍP

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STtU ©U �NeTÛ. �TQT�STU q�i �P � WTee�P WTeQS�P �f-

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}WXiSQgSXU \X� µQ\i�P S�P �eeOP Äee¤POP RSiXSQ�P

WiTR¤qXqrP rhU S�U ÐriµTWZeXU, ÒPX S®P V\rt RSrPT_O-

iNXP �êg�ORQP. ä]i�cP T¨P, VWr� r¡Yr S~P ¯eNqTP S�P

VPXPSNOP [iQkµfP, r er kX�µX S¢U kiXRZScSTU XyS�PÇ

\X� �WW]X e]qrSXQ W]µ¹XQ, ÒPX jY�, SN T� }WXiSQwSXQ Yi�-

RQP. ¬ Y� VWXPrekÍP STQgYr r¡WrPÇ �ê Y]RWTSX, r¡YTP

XyST§U q^µPXsTµ]PTÛ \X� \TRµT^µ]PTÛ S�U \r�Xe�U

µRWri rhU ²TiS¤P SQPX�.

éSr T¨P T� �]iRXQ �T�rip �No Wi~U ST§U èeecPXU

WiT]YiXµTP, �XRQer§U ÏRkrST ¯iqQsfµrPTU WTeeT§U µ�P

S�P ²X^ST� WrRfPSXU, WTeeT§U Y� \X� �^qfPSXU. �À Y�

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52

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µcP, � l�c, � STQX�Sg Rr \X\� WXkfPSX Wi~U S�P Äee¤-

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k~P Wgir_r, � Y]RWTSX�.

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53

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Sg. Nom. �RSQU vSQU � SQ

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Dat. ³SQPQ, �Sª ìSQPQ ³SQPQ, �Sª

Acc. �PSQPX vPSQPX � SQ

Pl. Nom. TÒSQPrU XÒSQPrU ÓSQPX, ÓSSX

Gen. ³PSQPOP,

�SOP

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�SOP

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�SOP

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�STQU

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#$&%/�$B/ (.$(2/B"2: rh +), WfSriTP... ± )+)... )+)),

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±PITÌl]MXI\ `{ XIY HSIY lSm ÙSHIJUjIµLMpM ZiM-

XpM OM XSd\ lSP`WSU\ SGX]M ZVPm XIY ²piMMI_, µtZIXV

SGX[\ V�K � QPUTX�\, xZVlPWMSXI HLJpM Z�TUM � ²piMMK\a

OJª µ{M ³`SXU RSZXWjp eµ�\a nPQVXSU `{ � ~TQ_P�XVPI\

µI_, I´ IGl V~µm |lSM[\ HYTSU X[M |µiMXS X]M eZI`KµiXpM

SGXIYa SGX[\ eµ�\ RSZXWTVU OM ZMVqµSXU �JW� lSm Z_PW.

(u'. 3, g5-g6)

�eXR�cµ]O 3D+/%L u ��rRQU, rOU )%(DC"./",

(2)C"./" lPT_TU, TP ()@-"2b"..K6,

()@+"b$C/6 S~ ¼µgiScµX, XSTU ,2"3,

)`/*4$ �WT^ ,@" WP]O @D%L u �OP¤, ¢U J-D4, ,)+)& T¡YXU %K J.$"`L WfkrP )%4D@$ ¥WgqO D3)@/%L WiTRYT\]O @DB$%L "C"

� eXfU, T^ +0@/, .$2)@ YQXeTqNsTµXQ 2$&&Db@$%L µ¤WTSr rjc ÜiQRSfU ."Db"-

+/ ). »2/&%)&? [WT\iNPTµXQ )%-"#$%L �XWSNsO 42"&/%L, (),2D-

b$%L - -)@D �\XPfU, ¤, fP &()&)*.K6, -

&)&%)'.// � �µgU, �µgPSTU 4)b$.K6

2"B".L S~ ¥WfYcµX, XSTU &$.@$+/' S~ W�i, WîfU ),).L

63

<="%;*(*#.

I. !"2"-"@/%", )*2$C$' -./B$./" .$ D()%2"*+"./" #$&%/�K

�P - ,+$-.K3 / J$-/&/BK3 (2"@+)b"./'3: �. �gPSrU ¥µ�P

uY]OU ¾P ¥W�i S¢U Ver^kriNXU µg_TQPST. 2. éRSQU ¾P ¥W�i

S¢U Ver^kriNXU µg_cSXQ, ¥W~ WgPSOP SQµwSXQ. 3. éWT^ S¢U

q¢U ¾P íU, jRkQ VRke~U \X� YN\XQTU. 4. �� RT� qTPrtU Rr �Q-

eTtrP ¾P \XNWri [WfPSX. 5. ��U �PTÛ îP �eeTQU ¾P uqTtT;

6. �Tir^RfµrkX, �WTQ ¾P �TZe�. 7. éSXP Tj\XYr VWXP-

]ek�U, P]TÛ �NeTÛ \S¤R�. 8. �yY]PX ¾P �egWSTQµQ ²\�P.

9. ïU ¾P �eeTÛ [YQ\¤R� ²\�P, STZSª µ]µ�T^. �0. ðSQPX

¾P T� PfµTQ \rerZORQP, SX�SX WiwSSr.

II. !"2"-"@/%", )*2$C$' -./B$./" .$ D()%2"*+"./" .$-

4+)."./6: �. �P SÀ Ðin\� ä]i�cU µ]qXP [iQkµ~P� VWTNc-

RrP, ÒPX jY�, WfRTQ RSiXSQ�SXQ X¥S� r¡rP. 2. �� kcPXtTQ

WTee� WXkfPSrU �WfiT^P, WTt ²X^ST§U \X� S� ²X^S�P

R�RT^RQP. 3. ÐrµQRST\e¢U VeTqNsrST, SNPrU S�P Äee¤POP

ÉSTQµTQ lRTPSXQ PX^µX_¢RXQ. 4. Ái�ScRr ST§U RSiXSc-

qTZU, WfSriTP VP }XeXµtPQ STtU �]iRXQU VPXPSQ�RTQPST

Þ S~ PX^SQ\~P Wi~U S~P ÃRkµ~P ��TQrP. 5. }X��U �WNRSX-

ST, VP �WTNo kXegSS� u PN\c [R�XerRSgSc lRTQST.

III. H(2"@"+/%", ,@" D()%2"*+".K &)0JK, $ ,@" � 2$J-

+/#.K" a)2BK B"&%)/B"./6: 6. éSr � ä]i�cU rhR]�X-

erP, ¯eNqTQ VP S� �RSrQ lµrPTP. 7. �PfµQsTP q�i T� WTet-

SXQ, �SQ �XRQer§U S�U �k¤PXU �eOU WTik¤RrQ. 8. eeTQ Y�

r¡WTPÇ �·]POµrP \X� �]iOµrP, � SQ ¾P T� krT� W]µ¹O-

RQP�.

� �@"&L � [iQkµfU )J.$#$"% .&4"$9"7 .5"&4.

64

2"?) 3 8

Futurum et aoristus passivi ,+$,)+)- & ,+$&.KB/ )&.)-$B/.

A()%2"*+"./" ($&&/-.K3 $)2/&%-.K3 a)2B D verba deponentia me-dio-passiva et passiva (WTirZTµXQ / @2.); @$+L."6`/" (2/B"2K .$ optativus obliquus.

Aoristus et futurum passivi

RQ3R8Q87 4 RQ34BONC 84B873NC

Aoristus I passivi

!"2-K6 (/+/ &+$*K6) ($&&/-.K6 $)2/&% )*2$JD"%&'

)% )&)*)6 )&.)-K. >+' "" ()+D#"./' .Db.) (2/&)"@/-

./%L &Daa/4& -kc- 4 ,+$,)+L.)6 )&.)-" () ,+$,)+L.)6

)&.)-" &B. - D2)4" �3): WXQYrZO 9".=)&<9(&A � WXQYr^-

kc-, kcigO "/"&)&A.C � kcigkc-, SQµgO ="-)&(&A �

SQµckc-, \TRµ]O 0'4(B(&A � \TRµckc-, YcefO "@%(-

40?)9(&A � Yce�kc-. !"2"@ Q / PS 4)."#.K6 &+), )&.)-K

&)42$C$"%&' - -kr-.

5 /J�'-/%"+L.)B .$4+).".// ($&&/-.K6 $)2/&%, 4$4

/&%)2/#"&4)" -2"B', /B""% (2/2$C"./". Ñ/#.K" /

(2)#/" )4).#$./' (2/&)"@/.'0%&' 4 )&.)-" *"J &)"@/-

./%"+L.),) ,+$&.),). :&()+LJD0%&' $4%/-.K" +/#.K"

)4).#$./': - /.@/4$%/-" / )(%$%/-" � )4).#$./' /&%)-

2/#"&4/3 -2"B"., $ - 4).�0.4%/-" � )4).#$./' ,+$-.K3

-2"B".. x)2BK 4).�0.4%/-$ / )(%$%/-$, 4$4 )*K#.),

-." 4).%"4&%$ ." ("2"-)@'%&'.

65


Sg.� VWXQYrZkcP

5$%C 9".=)&(+)

WXQYr^k� WXQYr^krNcP

2 VWXQYrZkcU

&$@C 9".=)&(+)

WXQYr^kÀU WXQYr^krNcU

3 VWXQYrZkc

$,", $$ 9".=)&(+)

WXQYr^kÀ WXQYr^krNc

Pl. � VWXQYrZkcµrP

%(. 9".=)&(+)

WXQYr^k�µrP WXQYr^krtµrP,

WXQYr^krNcµrP

2 VWXQYrZkcSr

9(. 9".=)&(+)

WXQYr^k¢Sr WXQYr^krtSr,

WXQYr^krNcSr

3 VWXQYrZkcRXP

)/ 9".=)&(+)

WXQYr^k�RQ(P) WXQYr^krtrP,

WXQYr^krNcRXP

NB 5 &)&+$,$%"+L.)B .$4+).".// c - &Daa/4&" -kc- &+/-$"%-

&' &) &+"@D0C/B/ ,+$&.KB/, (){%)BD ,+$,)+K &(2',$0%&' () )*2$J�D &+/%.K3 ,+$,)+)- .$ -]O - praesens coniunctivi.

!"2"@ (2/J.$4$B/ b"+$%"+L.),) .$4+)."./' Qc / Q

4)."#.K6 ,+$&.K6 )&.)-K r - &Daa/4&" -kr- &+/-$"%&' &

- @/a%)., rQ (> -krQc-, > -krQ-).

Infinitivus aoristi passivi � WXQYr^k¢PXQ @<&A 9".=)-

&(%%<5 -&",@$ /B""% )*+"#"..)" D@$2"./" .$ (2"@()-

&+"@."B &+)," (properispomenon).

Imperativus aoristi passivi

Sg. 2 +. � WXQYrZkcSQ @0!A 9".=)&(%%<5

3 +. � WXQYr^k¤SO =0.&A "% @0!$& 9".=)&(%%<5

Pl. 2 +. � WXQYrZkcSr @0!A&$ 9".=)&(%%<5)

3 +. � WXQYr^k]PSOP =0.&A "%) @0!0& 9".=)&(%%<5)

NB 5 /B("2$%/-" )4).#$./" -%)2),) +/�$ "@/.&%-"..),) #/&+$ -kQ ("2"3)@/% - -SQ - 2"JD+L%$%" @/&&/B/+'�// & (2"@-`"&%-D0C/B -k- &Daa/4&$.

66

Participium aoristi passivi � WXQYr^krNU 9".=)&(%-

%<7, WXQYr^krtRX 9".=)&(%%(C, WXQYr^k]P 9".=)&(%-

%"$. x)2B$ BDb&4),) 2)@$ )*2$J)-$.$ &/,B$%/#"&4/: -

krPS+U > -krQU. !2/ {%)B PS -K($@$"%, $ r 2$&%',/-$"%&'

- rQ. A@$2"./" )&%2)", -&",@$ .$ 4)."#.)B &+)," (oxyto-

non). ?4+).'0%&' (2/#$&%/' ($&&/-.),) $)2/&%$ () )*-

2$J�D (2/+$,$%"+L.K3 %2"3 )4).#$./6 & )&.)-$B/ .$

-PS- (&2. D2)4 23).

m f n

Sg. Nom.

= Voc.

WXQYr^krNU WXQYr^krtRX WXQYr^k]P

Gen. WXQYr^k]PSTU WXQYr^krNRcU WXQYr^k]PSTU

Dat. WXQYr^k]PSQ WXQYr^krNR� WXQYr^k]PSQ

Acc. WXQYr^k]PSX WXQYr^krtRXP WXQYr^k]P

Pl. Nom.

= Voc.

WXQYr^k]PSrU WXQYr^krtRXQ WXQYr^k]PSX

Gen. WXQYr^k]PSOP WXQYr^krQR�P WXQYr^k]PSOP

Dat. WXQYr^krtRQ(P) WXQYr^krNRXQU WXQYr^krtRQ(P)

Acc. WXQYr^k]PSXU WXQYr^krNRXU WXQYr^k]PSX

Futurum I passivi

>+' ()+D#"./' )&.)-K ("2-),) (&+$*),)) ($&&/-.),)

*D@DC",) -2"B"./ .Db.) 4 )&.)-" ($&&/-.),) $)2/&%$

@)*$-/%L &Daa/4& -R- (/+/ 4 ,+$,)+L.)6 )&.)-" (2/&)"-

@/./%L -kcR-): WXQYrZO 9".=)&<9(&A �WXQYr^kcR-,

kcigO "/"&)&A.C � kciXkcR-, SQµgO ="-)&(&A �

SQµckcR-, \TRµ]O 0'4(B(&A � \TRµckcR-, YcefO "@-

%(40?)9(&A � YceOkcR-.

!2/ )*2$J)-$.// a)2B ($&&/-.),) *D@DC",) 4 {%)6

)&.)-" (2/*$-+'0%&' )4).#$./' B"@/$+L.),) *D@DC",)

67

& ()B)CL0 &)"@/./%"+L.K3 ,+$&.K3 T / r. 9$ 2D&&4/6

'JK4 futurum passivi ("2"-)@/%&' *D@DC/B -2"B"."B

&%2$@$%"+L.),) J$+),$ &)-"2`"..),) /+/ ."&)-"2`".-

.),) -/@$.

Indicativus Optativus

Sg.� WXQYr^k¤RTµXQ

5$%C 9".=)&(D&,

@0!0& 9".=)&<9(&A

WXQYr^kcRTNµcP

2 WXQYr^k¤R�, WXQYr^k¤RrQ

&$@C 9".=)&(D&,

@0!0& 9".=)&<9(&A

WXQYr^k¤RTQT

3 WXQYr^k¤RrSXQ

$,", $$ 9".=)&(D&,

@0!0& 9".=)&<9(&A

WXQYr^k¤RTQST

Pl. � WXQYr^kcRfµrkX

%(. 9".=)&(D&,

@0!0& 9".=)&<9(&A

WXQYr^kcRTNµrkX

2 WXQYr^k¤RrRkr

9(. 9".=)&(D&,

@0!0& 9".=)&<9(&A

WXQYr^k¤RTQRkr

3 WXQYr^k¤RTPSXQ

)/ 9".=)&(D&,

@0!0& 9".=)&<9(&A

WXQYr^k¤RTQPST

Infinitivus -- WXQYr^k¤RrRkXQ

Participium - WXQYr^kcRfµrPTU, WXQYr^kcRTµ]Pc,

WXQYr^kcRfµrPTP

NB !$&&/-.)" *D@DC"" ." /B""% ()-"+/%"+L.),) / &)&+$-

,$%"+L.),) .$4+)."./6. ñ"+$%"+L.)" .$4+)."./" ($&&/-.),) *D@DC",) -2"B"./ D()%2"*+'"%&' %)+L4) - (2/@$%)#.K3 (2"@+)b"./'3.

68

2D859=@Q=BC= D344C7BO\ 389C45BO\ ^89N

y verba deponentia

I$4 Db" )%B"#$+)&L - D2)4" 3�, ,+$,)+K, 4)%)2K"

/B"0% +/`L B"@/$+L.D0 /+/ ($&&/-.D0 a)2BD (2/

$4%/-.)B J.$#".//, .$JK-$0%&' )%+)b/%"+L.KB/ (ver-

ba deponentia). !) *)+L`"6 #$&%/ )./ /B"0% - $)2/&%"

/ - aD%D2DB" B"@/$+L.K" a)2BK, .$(2/B"2, ,+$,)+ kr-

gTµXQ .">$4#(&A .$JK-$"%&' verbum deponens medium,

()&4)+L4D *D@DC"" -2"B' (krgRTµXQ) / $)2/&% (VkrXRg-

µcP) D .",) )*2$JD0%&' & )4).#$./'B/ B"@/$+L.),) J$-

+),$. ?2. %$4b": _igTµXQ ="+A>"9(&A.C � fut. med. _i¤-

RTµXQ � aor. med. V_icRgµcP.

?DC"&%-D0% / %$4/" ,+$,)+K, 4)%)2K" - $)2/&%"

/B"0% ($&&/-.D0 a)2BD & $4%/-.KB J.$#"./"B. òD@D-

C"" D ./3 () *)+L`"6 #$&%/ *K-$"% B"@/$+L.)". �$4,

,+$,)+ YZPXµXQ 5"-A � {%) verbum deponens passivum,

/B"0C/6 - aD%D2DB" B"@/$+L.D0 a)2BD (Y^P¤RTµXQ),

$ - $)2/&%" � ($&&/-.D0 (VY^P¤kcP). ?2. %$4b" ,+$,)+K:

�TZeTµXQ /"&$&A � fut. med. �Tê¤RTµXQ, aor. pass.

V�Tê¤kcP; uSSgTµXQ &$4=$&A ="4(?$%)$ � fut. med. uS-

S¤RTµXQ ("&%L / fut. pass. uSSck¤RTµXQ), aor. pass. uSS¤-

kcP; WTirZTµXQ "&=4(9+C&A.C � fut. med. WTirZRTµXQ,

aor. pass. VWTirZkcP; �T�]TµXQ @"C&A.C � fut. med. �T-

�¤RTµXQ, aor. pass. V�T�¤kcP.

/#*'%01#1

5 D2)4" 37 Db" )*&Db@$+&' J$B"./%"+L.K6 )(%$%/- (op-

tativus obliquus) - 4)&-"..)B -)(2)&". ? $.$+),/#.KB

D()%2"*+"./"B )(%$%/-$ BK /B""B @"+) / - ."4)%)2K3

@2D,/3 %/($3 (2/@$%)#.K3 (2"@+)b"./6.

69

�$4, 4)&-"..)6 2"#L0 '-+'0%&' () &D%/ / ]8D8QBC-

5=Q6BO= D9=]Q8p=BC: 4 48�A3NC ~KI, �M -'6 (2/

verba dicendi / sentiendi, $ %$4b" (2/ ."4)%)2K3 -K2$-

b"./'3. H*K#.) - %$4/3 (2"@+)b"./'3 &)32$.'"%&' .$-

4+)."./" / -2"B', 4)%)2)" *K+) *K - ./3 - &+D#$" /3

."J$-/&/B)&%/. H@.$4), "&+/ - ,+$-.)B (2"@+)b"./b

&4$JD"B)" -K2$b".) ,+$,)+)B - /&%)2/#"&4)B -2"B"./,

%) - (2"@+)b"./'3 & &)0J$B/ �SQ, ©U /+/ &)32$.'"%&'

.$4+)."./" / -2"B', 4)%)2)" *K+) *K - ./3 - &+D#$" /3

."J$-/&/B)&%/, /+/ b" ).) J$B".'"%&' b"+$%"+L.KB

.$4+)."./"B %),) b" -2"B"./:

lerqrP, �SQ qig�rQ / lerqrP, �SQ qig�TQ � "% ,"9"4)+,

-&" "% =)B$&.

5 +$%/.&4)B 'JK4" {%/B (2/@$%)#.KB (2"@+)b"./'B

&))%-"%&%-D"% accusativus cum infinitivo (- ."4)%)2K3

&+D#$'3 � (2/@$%)#.)" & quod explicativum).

5 D9C]358>BO\ D9=]Q8p=BC:\ c=QC 4 48�A3NC �HU,

~TGM, �M -'69+ (µa -'69+ *() B)b"% *K%L 4).�-

0.4%/- - +0*)B &+D#$", .) ()&+" &4$JD"B),) ,+$-.),)

(2"@+)b"./' - /&%)2/#"&4)B -2"B"./ B)b"% *K%L /

)(%$%/-:

ST§U �NeTÛ r¨ VWTNrQ, ÒPX (�WOU, ©U) XyS~U r¨ WigSS� /

ST§U �NeTÛ r¨ VWTNrQ, ÒPX (�WOU, ©U) XyS~U r¨

WigSSTQ � "% !$+(+ !"@4" !40>AC5, -&"@< .(5"50 ?)&A .-(-

.&+)9".

5 +$%/.&4)B 'JK4" {%/B (2"@+)b"./'B &))%-"%&%-D0%

�"+"-K" (2/@$%)#.K" (2"@+)b"./' & ut finale, - 4)%)-

2K3 &%$-/%&' 4).�0.4%/-.

!) %)BD b" (2/.�/(D &%$-'%&' .$4+)."./' / - ]8D8Q-

BC5=Q6BO\ D9=]Q8p=BC:\ 4 µa D9C RQ3R8Q3\ C 7O-

70

93p=BC:\ @8:ABC. d%) ,+$,)+K &) J.$#"./'B/ @"C&A.C

(.$(2/B"2, �T�]TµXQ, &2. D2)4 32), ".&$4$,(&A.C (.$(2/-

B"2, �êgSSTµXQ, &2. D2)4 50), -K2$b"./' $.&A "=(.$%)$,

$.&A "=(.%".&A / *+/J4/" 4 ./B:

V�T�TZµcP, µ® � WXS®i lek� / V�T�TZµcP, µ® �

WXS®i lekTQ � C @"C+.C, -&" "&$# =4)!$&.

!2/ D4$J$.// .$ a$4%, ."b"+$%"+L.K6 @+' *)'C",)&'

+/�$, /&()+LJD"%&' µ¤ (&2. +$%/.&4)" ne), (2/ D4$J$.//

b" .$ a$4%, b"+$%"+L.K6 @+' .",), /&()+LJD"%&' µ¤ Ty

(&2. +$%. ne non /+/ ut):

V�T�TZµcP, µ® � WXS®i Ty\ lek� /

V�T�TZµcP, µ® � WXS®i Ty\ lekTQ.

v894P8= 493p=BC= D9C (3Q3NCB=

(480 R. ]8 ".d.)

�Wr� u S�P RSiXScq�P �Tê® YQreZkc, ÐrµQRST\e¢U

µgeX V�T�¤kc, µ® T� WertRSTQ S~ µ]qX S�P VPXPSNOP

PX^SQ\~P hYfPSrU [WXeegSSTQPST Wi~U S®P �reTWfPPc-

RTP. |Q� ST�ST Yfeª _i¢RkXQ V�TêrZRXST, ÒPX V\rtPTQ

�No \Oe^k�RQ ST� �^qrtP.

ÎWrµ¹rP �iX egkio Wi~U ä]i�cP VWQRSTe®P YQ� Th\]-

ST^ SQP~U WQRST�. �ÅSTU T¨P [�Q\fµrPTU \X� ViOSckrNU,

� SQ �TZeTQSTÇ �ÐrµQRST\e¢U, � S�P �kcPXNOP RSiXSc-

qfU, � l�c, � SgYr RTQ, � �XRQer�, µcPZrQÇ µgPkXPr, �

Y]RWTSX, �SQ ¥W~ S�P Äee¤POP \g\QRSX VeTQYTi¤kcP.

|Q� ST�ST µweeTP �TZeTµXQ R� PQ\�PSX hYrtP Þ ST§U

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PX^SQ\~P ryk§U uSSckÀ \X� scµQOkÀ. �P SÀYr q�i SÀ

P^\S� V\rtPTQ Tj\XYr [WXeeg�TPSXQ \X� S~ PX^SQ\~P YQX-

7�

e^k¤RrSXQ. ��P T¨P ¥�� ¥µ�P VP R\fSrQ \^\eOk�RQP,

Ty\]SQ V�]RSXQ XySTtU [WT�^qrtP, [ee� µrqgec VeWNU

VRSQ WgPSXU �µT� PQ\ck¤RrRkXQ. Æ� µ�P RX� P¢rU Sg_QR-

SX �iµck]PSOP ©U PQ\¤RT^RXQ, S~ Y� R~P ßPTµX ¥µPck¤-

RrSXQ WXi� WwRQ STtU lkPrRQP�.

�q]PrST T¨P S� ¥W� V\rNPT^ R^µ�Têr^k]PSX \XNWri

VPNOP �riR�P �T�ck]PSOP, µ® ¥W~ ST� YTeriT� [PYi~U

[WXSckrtrP.

�� Y� èeecPrU WXPSX_fkrP \^\eOk]PSrU r¡YTP, ©U Þ

�TPr^k¤RTQPST Þ YTêOk¤RTQPST, V�P µ® [PYirQfSXSX

STtU WTerµNTQU VPXPSQOk�RQP. �XPS� T¨P Rk]PrQ VPX^µg-

_cRXP, \X� Vq]PrST, µRWri ÐrµQRST\e¢U XySTtU WiTrtWrÇ

S~ q�i �riRQ\~P PX^SQ\~P S� hYNª We¤krQ V\OeZkc \X�

[WrRSri¤kc WTee�P Sr WeTNOP \X� [PYi�P. óeNqXQ P¢rU

rhU S®P �RNXP YQrR�kcRXP.

ä]i�cU V\ S¢U [\S¢U VkrgRXST S®P µg_cP \Xkrsfµr-

PTU VP _i^R� kifPª. ÆhRkfµrPTU T¨P ST§U èeecPXU \X-

S� kgeXSSXP [PQ\¤STÛ ßPSXU R§P µ]irQ SQP� ST� WrsT�

Tj\XYr VWTirZkc \XSXeQWÍP SiQg\TPSX µîQgYXU �ri-

R�P, �WOU ·XiYTPNT^ RSiXScqT�PSTU WrQiXkrtrP \XS�

q¢P \iXS¢RXQ S¢U ÄeegYTU.

/(*'(*2##

�. Pr^ �µTPTNXU TyS� ¾P T¡\TU \Xe�U Th\ckrNc TzSr

WfeQU r¨ WTeQSr^krNc. 2. �^kXqfiXU ViOSckrNU, SN VRSQ

�NeTUÇ �eeTU Vq�,� � l�c.

3(01#0%

u VWQRSTe¤, ¢U (/&LB), ()-&+$./" (.4. ¨=).&"+C4%<7, +(&. epistula)

WQRSfU, ¤, fP -"2.K6

eTQYTi]O *2$./%L, ()2/-�$%L

72

[WT�rZqO *"b$%L )% 4),)-+/*), D*",$%L, D3)@/%L

�µT� -B"&%" WXPSX_fkrP )%)-&0@D

S~ Rk]PTU, TÛ &/+$, 42"-()&%L (.4. (.&$%)C, %$94(-.&$%)C)

S~ We¢kTU, TÛ B.)b"&%-), %)+($ (.4. +(&. plenus, plebs)

� kifPTU, T^ 42"&+), %2).

\XS� kgeXSSXP, \XS� q¢P .$ B)2", .$ &D`"

SiQg\TPSX %2/@�$%L

YQXRÕsTµXQ &($&$%L&', D&-4)+LJ$%L

WTeQSrZO *K%L ,2$b@$./-.)B, D(2$-+'%L

S~ R\fSTU, TÛ %"B.)%$

[PN\cSTU, TP ."()*"b@".-.K6, ."()*"@/BK6

45 ,676&6 8%7('%

hTXU\ `{ ef�TVU kS_X[M XSZVUMpstTVXSU lSm �TXU\ XS-

ZVUM�TVU kS_X[M efpstTVXSU. (3*. 23, g2)

µSm OÙlSU�sK N TI�WS xZ[ ZiMXpM X]M XLlMpM SGX�\.

(u'. 7, 35)

¢£ xJiZK IG`LZIXV ZWZXVUa V�XV `{ ZPI�KXVdSU, lSXSP-

JKstTIMXSUa V�XV JH]TTSU ZSqTIMXSUa V�XV JM]TU\ lSXSP-

JKstTVXSU. ¶l µLPI_\ JcP JUM�TlIµVM lSm Ol µLPI_\ ZPI-

�KXVqIµVMa �XSM `{ nHs� X[ XLHVUIM, X[ Ol µLPI_\ lSXSP-

JKstTVXSU. (g 2"4. g3, 8-g0)

·TZVP JcP OM X� ¸`cµ ZiMXV\ xZIsM¹TlI_TUM, I³Xp\

lSm OM X� ¡PUTX� ZiMXV\ j�IZIUKstTIMXSU. (g 2"4. g5, 22)

��MsPpZI\ XU\ VGJVM�\ OZIPVqsK V~\ Q�PSM µSlPcM

HSRVdM kS_X� RSTUHVWSM lSm eZITXPLfSU. (u'. g9, g2)

±IPV_sLMXV\ I�M µSsKXVqTSXV ZiMXS Xc nsMK� (3*.

28, g9)

¥¹fO -)J-K`$%L SXWrQPfO ()./b$%L, &B/-

2'%L YQ\XQfO (2/J.$-$%L (2$-

-/+L.KB WNWSO ($@$%L

u WiT�cSrNX, XU (2)2)#"-&4/6 @$2

\XSXiq]O D./#%)b$%L, )%-B".'%L

WXZO )&%$.$-+/-$%L u qP�RQU, rOU J.$./"

73

qQP�R\O = qQqP�R\O J.$%L S~ µ]iTU, TÛ #$&%L li_TµXQ, aor. �ekTP (2/-

3)@/%L S~ S]erQTP, T^ 4)."�, &)-

-"2`".&%-) sªTWT]O b/-)%-)2/%L

WTirZTµXQ /@%/ eXµ�gPO, aor. leX�TP

*2$%L ¥WTRSi]�O ()-)2$#/-$%L

.$J$@, -)J-2$C$%L&' µXkcSrZO (=">!.) D#/%L S~ lkPTU, TÛ .$2)@

45 96&61$:;(*#.

�RcµrQ�kc V�� uµwU S~ ��U ST� WiTR�WT^ RT^, °Z-

iQr. (!2/#$&%". 5)J@-/b"./')

¬ [_�icSTU WXPS� W�U V_Oi¤kc VP qXRSiN;� (?"@$-

+". <)b@"&%-$)

RcµrQfO )*)J.$#$%L, )%B"-#$%L

S~ WifROWTP, T^ +/�) [_�icSTU, TP ."-B"&%/BK6

_Oi]O (>!.) -B"C$%L u qXRS¤i, qXRSifU #2"-),

b/-)%

<="%;*(*#.

I. H*2$JD6%" )% �YiZO, Srer^SgO / WecifO -) -&"3 %2"3

$)2/&%$3 a)2BK 3 sg. act., 3 pl. act. ()-"+/%"+L.),) .$-

4+)."./' / /.a/./%/-K; )*2$JD6%" @+' ./3 a)2BD 3 pl.

ind. *D@DC",) -2"B"./ -) -&"3 J$+),$3.

II. H(2"@"+/%" a)2BK: ÒPX �TckÀ, V�P Ê�reckÀ, ÒPX

[WOkÀU, V�P �QeckÀU, ÒPX WTik�RQP, V�P WTikck�RQP.

III. !"2"-"@/%": �. éWTQ ¾P WTir^kÀU, µrS� RT� WTirZ-

RTµXQ. 2. éWT^ ¾P íU, WrQigRTµXN RTQ �TckrtP. 3. �ÒSQPrU

¾P uµtP VPXPSQOk�RQP, uSSck¤RTPSXQ. 4. ä]i�cU ©iµ¤kc

µ]qX �iTP�P [W~ S�P }giYrOP \X� l�^qrP uSSckr�U rhU

S� }T�RX. 5. ôeWQsrP � ¥�iQRS®U S®P ÄeegYX VP �iX_rt

_ifPª YTêOk¤RrRkXQ. 6. ôQRkrST ¯iqQsfµrPTU S�U ²X -̂

74

ST� PX�U YQXe^krNRXU \X� ST§U PXZSXU �TPr^k]PSXU.

7. �� }WXiSQwSXQ Vµg_TPST \TRµck]PSrU S�U \r�XegU.

8. |TêOk¢PXQ STtU èeecRQP XjR_QRSTP �P. 9. ÐrµQRST-

\e¢U VPfµQRrP, �SQ u Äee�U µrS� ¯eNqTP _ifPTP Ver^kr-

iOk¤RTQST. �0. �rQigkcSQ, � WXt, µQµrtRkXQ ST§U ST� Rr-

X^ST� Y¤µT^ [iNRSTÛ.

75

2"?) 3 9

Perfectum "t plusquamperfectum medii-passivi et activi ,+$,)+)- & ,+$&.KB/ )&.)-$B/.

A()%2"*+"./" ("2a"4%$; �XNPTµXQ & (2/#$&%/'B/; (2/#$&%/' (2/ verba affectuum (vYTµXQ).

Perfectum et plusquamperfectum

medii-passivi et activi


Perfectum. 8*%-(*#( # :=6'"(9$(*#(

!"2a"4% )*)J.$#$"% &)-"2`/-`""&' @"6&%-/", 2"-

JD+L%$% 4)%)2),) (2)@)+b$"%&' 4$4 &)&%)'./" - .$-

&%)'C"" -2"B'. !){%)BD ("2a"4% )%.)&/%&' 4 ,+$-.KB

-2"B".$B (&B. D2)4 �). 9$ 2D&&4/6 'JK4 ("2a"4% ("2"-

-)@/%&' (2)`"@`/B -2"B"."B &)-"2`"..),) -/@$,

/.),@$ & @)*$-+"./"B &+)- 0?$, &$=$4A: W]�r^qX \NPY^-

PTP C (0?$) )>@$?(+ "=(.%".&) = C (&$=$4A) %(/"?0.A 9%$

"=(.%".&). 5 &%2$@$%"+L.)B J$+)," (2/ ("2"-)@" /&-

()+LJD"%&' (2/#$&%/" (2)`"@`",) -2"B"./ &)-"2`".-

.),) -/@$ (WrWXNYr^µXQ C 9".=)&(%). 5 +$%/.&4)B 'JK-

4" @2"-.",2"#"&4)BD ("2a"4%D &))%-"%&%-D"% perfectum

praesens.

Perfectum medii-passiivi

&$%&6$67 1 &$%1*+@# 61*67%@#

="@/$+L.)-($&&/-.K6 ("2a"4% B)b"% /B"%L J.$#"-

./" 4$4 &2"@.",) (B"@/$+L.),)), %$4 / &%2$@$%"+L.),)

76

(($&&/-.),)) J$+),$, 4)%)2)" )(2"@"+'"%&' 4).%"4&%)B.

H&.)-$ B"@/$+L.)-($&&/-.),) ("2a"4%$ )*2$JD"%&' )%

,+$,)+L.)6 )&.)-K (D%"B D@-)"./' .$#$+L.),) &),+$&-

.),) J-D4$ 4)2.'. ?)"@/./%"+L.KB ,+$&.KB (2/ {%)B

&+Db/% r. 1 /B"..), "&+/ 4)2".L ,+$,)+$ .$#/.$"%&'

)@./B (2)&%KB &),+$&.KB J-D4)B, 42)B" i, /+/ ,2D(-

()6 muta cum liquida (."B)6, %) "&%L #/&%K6 &BK#.K6,

J-D4 � W, �, \, q, S, Y � & (+$-.KB, $ /B"..), & e, µ, P, i),

%) D@-)"./" &)&%)/% - %)B, #%) .$#$+L.K6 &),+$&.K6

J-D4 - &)#"%$.// & r &%$-/%&' ("2"@ )&.)-)6: WXQYrZO

9".=)&<9(&A � WrWXQYr^-, SQµgO ="-)&(&A � SrSQµc-,

\TRµ]O 0'4(B(&A � \r\TRµc-, YcefO "@%(40?)9(&A �

YrYceO-, WecifO %(="+%C&A � WrWeciO-. 7&+/ .$#$+L-

.K6 &),+$&.K6 (2/@K3$%"+L.K6 (�, _, k), %) - D@-)".//

). J$B".'"%&' &))%-"%&%-D0C/B ,+D3/B (W, \, S): �T-

PrZO 0@)9(&A � Wr�TPr^-, _Oi]O )!&) � \r_Oic-, kc-

igO "/"&)&A.C � SrkciX-.

5) -&"3 )&%$+L.K3 &+D#$'3 D@-)"./" )*2$JD"%&' )@/-

.$4)-) & (2/2$C"./"B. 7&+/ 4)2".L .$#/.$"%&' & ,+$&-

.),), %) ). ." D@-$/-$"%&', $ D@+/.'"%&' () %"B b"

(2/.�/($B, #%) / (2/ -2"B"..)B (2/2$C".//: ¯ikfO

.&(9)&A =4C5" � ÊikO-, Ê�re]O =4)%".)&A ="+A>0 �

Ê�rec-. 7&+/ 4)2".L .$#/.$"%&' & @/a%).,$, &)@"2b$-

C",) 6)%D, %) ).$ &%$.)-/%&' ()@(/&.)6: XhS]O =4"-

.)&A, &4$@"9(&A � æSc-. 7&+/ 4)2".L .$#/.$"%&' & i, %)

{%)% &),+$&.K6 D@-$/-$"%&' *"J &)"@/./%"+L.)6 ,+$&-

.)6, $ ("2"@ ./B ()'-+'"%&' (2/2$C"./": mNWSO @4"-

.(&A � VâmQ�-. 7&+/ 4)2".L .$#/.$"%&' & ,2D((K &),+$&-

.K3 (42)B" &)#"%$./' muta cum liquida) /+/ & @-)6.),)

&),+$&.),) (s, �, ¹), %) -B"&%) D@-)"./' %$4b" (2)/&3)-

77

@/% (2/2$C"./": RSiXSrZO ."9$4B(&A ="/"! � VRSiX-

Sr^-, scS]O ).'(&A � Vs¤Sc-, �rPfO 0,"�(&A � V�rPO-.

òD@D#/ ,+$-.KB -2"B"."B, ("2a"4% /B""% - /J�'-/-

%"+L.)B .$4+).".// +/#.K" )4).#$./' ,+$-.K3 -2"B".

B"@/$+L.),) J$+),$. d%/ )4).#$./' &)32$./+/&L -

("2a"4%" - @2"-."6`"B -/@" / (2/&)"@/.'0%&' 4 )&.)-

-" *"J &)"@/./%"+L.),) ,+$&.),). x)2BK 4).�0.4%/-$ /

)(%$%/-$ B"@/$+L.)-($&&/-.),) ("2a"4%$ )*2$JD0%&'

)(/&$%"+L.) &)#"%$./"B ("2a"4%.),) (2/#$&%/' B"@/-

$+L.)-($&&/-.),) J$+),$ / &))%-"%&%-D0C/3 a)2B

-&()B),$%"+L.),) ,+$,)+$ rhµN @<&A.

Indicativus

� WrWXNYr^µXQ C (0?$) 9".=)&(+ !+C .$@C;

C 9".=)&(%

WrWXQYrZµrkX

5< (0?$) 9".=)&(+) !+C .$@C;

5< 9".=)&(%<

2 WrWXNYr^RXQ

&< (0?$) 9".=)&(+ !+C .$@C;

&< 9".=)&(%

WrWXNYr^Rkr

9< (0?$) 9".=)&(+) !+C .$@C;

9< 9".=)&(%<

3 WrWXNYr^SXQ

"% (0?$) 9".=)&(+ !+C .$@C;

"% 9".=)&(%

WrWXNYr^PSXQ

"%) (0?$) 9".=)&(+) !+C .$@C;

"%) 9".=)&(%<

Coniunctivus

� WrWXQYr^µ]PTU � WrWXQYr^µ]PTQ �µrP

2 WrWXQYr^µ]PTU íU WrWXQYr^µ]PTQ �Sr

3 WrWXQYr^µ]PTU í WrWXQYr^µ]PTQ �RQ(P)

Optativus

� WrWXQYr^µ]PTU rjcP WrWXQYr^µ]PTQ r¡µrP

2 WrWXQYr^µ]PTU rjcU WrWXQYr^µ]PTQ r¡Sr

3 WrWXQYr^µ]PTU rjc WrWXQYr^µ]PTQ r¡rP

78

Infinitivus perfecti medii-passivi � WrWXQYr�RkXQ

@<&A 9".=)&(9B)5 !+C .$@C, @<&A 9".=)&(%%<5.

Imperativus perfecti medii-passivi:

Sg. 2 +. � WrWXNYr^RT

@0!A 9".=)&(9B)5 !+C .$@C, @0!A 9".=)&(%%<5

3 +. � WrWXQYrZRkO

=0.&A "% @0!$& 9".=)&(9B)5 !+C .$@C, =0.&A "% @0!$&

9".=)&(%%<5

Pl. 2 +. � WrWXNYr^Rkr

@0!A&$ 9".=)&(9B)5) !+C .$@C, @0!A&$ 9".=)&(%%<5)

3 +. � WrWXQYrZRkOP

=0.&A "%) @0!0& 9".=)&(9B)5) !+C .$@C, =0.&A "%) @0-

!0& 9".=)&(%%<5)

Participium perfecti medii-passivi � WrWXQYr^µ]PTU,

WrWXQYr^µ]Pc, WrWXQYr^µ]PTP 9".=)&(9B)7, (C, $$ !+C

.$@C, 9".=)&(%%<7, (C, "$.

Perfectum I activi &$%&6$67 1 &$%1*+@# 61*67%@#

H&.)-$ ("2-),) (/+/ &+$*),)) $4%/-.),) ("2a"4%$

)*2$JD"%&' (D%"B (2/*$-+"./' 4 )&.)-" B"@/$+L.)-($&-

&/-.),) ("2a"4%$ ($ /B"..), 4 ,+$,)+L.)6 )&.)-" & D@-

-)"..KB .$#$+L.KB &),+$&.KB) &Daa/4&$ -\-: WXQYrZO

9".=)&<9(&A � WrWXQYr^\-, SQµgO ="-)&(&A � SrSQµc\-,

\TRµ]O 0'4(B(&A � \r\TRµc\-, YcefO "@%(40?)9(&A �

YrYceO\-, WecifO %(="+%C&A � WrWeciO\-, �TPrZO

0@)9(&A � Wr�TPr^\-, _Oi]O )!&) � \r_Oic\-, kcigO

"/"&)&A.C � SrkciX\-, ¯ikfO .&(9)&A =4C5" � ÊikO\-,

Ê�re]O =4)%".)&A ="+A>0 � Ê�rec\- / %. @.

79

!2/ &(2'b".// a)2BK ("2a"4%$ /B"0% )4).#$./'

&3)@.K" & )4).#$./'B/ &+$*),) $4%/-.),) $)2/&%$,

42)B" %2"%L",) +/�$ B.)b"&%-"..),) #/&+$.

Indicativus Infinitivus

Sg.� WrWXNYr^\X

C (0?$) 9".=)&(+

WrWXQYr^\]PXQ

@<&A 9".=)&(9B)5

2 WrWXNYr^\XU

&< (0?$) 9".=)&(+

3 WrWXNYr^\r(P)

"% (0?$) 9".=)&(+

Participium

Pl.� WrWXQYrZ\XµrP

5< (0?$) 9".=)&(+)

WrWXQYr^\�U

(0?$) 9".=)&(9B)7

2 WrWXQYrZ\XSr

9< (0?$) 9".=)&(+)

WrWXQYr^\^tX

(0?$) 9".=)&(9B(C

3 WrWXQYrZ\XRQ(P)

"%) (0?$) 9".=)&(+)

WrWXQYr^\fU

(0?$) 9".=)&(9B$$

NB x)2BK /B("2$%/-$, 4).�0.4%/-$ / )(%$%/-$ $4%/-.),)

("2a"4%$ D()%2"*+'0%&' 42$6." 2"@4) / - @$..)B D2)4" ." 2$&&B$%2/-$0%&'.

:.a/./%/- $4%/-.),) ("2a"4%$ -&",@$ /B""% D@$2"-

./" .$ (2"@()&+"@."B &+)," (paroxytonon), $ (2/#$&%/'

BDb&4),) / &2"@.",) 2)@$ -&",@$ /B"0% D@$2"./" .$

)4).#$.// (oxytonon).

/0$6*(*#( ="#-%1'#. =("A(0'%

?(B1'7#'($)*6&6 5%$6&%

Participium perfecti activi - BDb&4)B / b".&4)B 2)@"

&4+).'"%&' () III &4+)."./0, 4$4 &+)-$ & )&.)-)6 .$ -S-

(&B. D2)4 �9), $ - b".&4)B 2)@" � () I &4+)."./0.

80

m f n

Sg.Nom.

= Voc.

WrWXQYr^\�U WrWXQYr^\^tX WrWXQYr^\fU

Gen. WrWXQYr^\fSTU WrWXQYr^\^NXU WrWXQYr^\fSTU

Dat. WrWXQYr^\fSQ WrWXQYr^\^No WrWXQYr^\fSQ

Acc. WrWXQYr^\fSX WrWXQYr^\^tXP WrWXQYr^\fU

Pl.Nom.

= Voc.

WrWXQYr^\fSrU WrWXQYr^\^tXQ WrWXQYr^\fSX

Gen. WrWXQYr^\fSOP WrWXQYr^\^Q�P WrWXQYr^\fSOP

Dat. WrWXQYr^\fRQ(P) WrWXQYr^\^NXQU WrWXQYr^\fRQ(P)

Acc. WrWXQYr^\fSXU WrWXQYr^\^NXU WrWXQYr^\fSX

Plusquamperfectum.

8*%-(*#( # :=6'"(9$(*#(

!+0&4-$B("2a"4% )*)J.$#$"% @"6&%-/", J$-"2`/--

`""&' - (2)`+)B, 2"JD+L%$% 4)%)2),) (2)@)+b$+ &D-

C"&%-)-$%L - (2)`+)B. !+0&4-$B("2a"4% )%.)&/%&' 4

/&%)2/#"&4/B -2"B".$B. 9$ 2D&&4/6 'JK4 a)2BK (+0-

&4-$B("2a"4%$ ("2"-)@'%&' (2)`"@`/B -2"B"."B &)-

-"2`"..),) -/@$, /.),@$ & @)*$-+"./"B &+)- 0?$, &",!(,

9 &" 94$5C: VWr�rZqrQP \NPY^PTP C (0?$ &",!() )>@$?(+

"=(.%".&) = C (0?$) %(/"!)+.C 9%$ "=(.%".&). 5 &%2$@$-

%"+L.)B J$+)," (2/ ("2"-)@" /&()+LJD"%&' (2/#$&%/"

(2)`"@`",) -2"B"./ &)-"2`"..),) -/@$ & ,+$,)+)B

@<+ (VWrWXQYrZµcP C @<+ 9".=)&(%).

Plusquamperfectum medii-passivi &$%&6$67 1 &$%1*+@# 61*67%@#

="@/$+L.)-($&&/-.K6 (+0&4-$B("2a"4%, ()@)*.)

("2a"4%D, - J$-/&/B)&%/ )% 4).%"4&%$ B)b"% /B"%L J.$-

8�

#"./" 4$4 &2"@.",), %$4 / &%2$@$%"+L.),) J$+),$. H&.)-$

B"@/$+L.)-($&&/-.),) (+0&4-$B("2a"4%$ &)-($@$"% &

)&.)-)6 B"@/$+L.)-($&&/-.),) ("2a"4%$. !+0&4-$B-

("2a"4%, 4$4 -2"B' /&%)2/#"&4)", /&()+LJD"% -%)2/#-

.K" +/#.K" )4).#$./' / /B""% (2/2$C"./" ("2"@ D@-

-)"./"B - -/@" V-, 4),@$ D@-)"./" &)&%)/% /J &),+$&.),)

J-D4$ & r (- (2)#/3 &+D#$'3 (2/2$C"./" ." -K2$b$"%-

&'): VWrWXQYrZµcP C @<+ 9".=)&(%, VRSr�XP�µcP C

@<+ 09$%-(%, Êik�µcP C @<+ =".&(9+$% =4C5". 5 a)2B$3

B"@/$+L.)-($&&/-.),) (+0&4-$B("2a"4%$ &)32$./+/&L

- @2"-."6`"B -/@" +/#.K" )4).#$./' &2"@.",) J$+),$

/&%)2/#"&4/3 -2"B"., 4)%)2K" (2/&)"@/.'0%&' 4 )&.)-

-" *"J &)"@/./%"+L.),) ,+$&.),).

Indicativus ="@/$+L.)" J.$#"./" !$&&/-.)" J.$#"./"

Sg.� VWrWXQYrZµcP C (0?$) 9".=)&(+

!+C .$@C

C @<+ (0?$)

9".=)&(%

2 VWrWXNYr^RT &< (0?$) 9".=)&(+

!+C .$@C

&< @<+ (0?$)

9".=)&(%

3 VWrWXNYr^ST "% (0?$) 9".=)&(+

!+C .$@C

"% @<+ (0?$)

9".=)&(%

Pl.� VWrWXQYrZµrkX 5< (0?$) 9".=)&(+)

!+C .$@C

5< @<+) (0?$)

9".=)&(%<

2 VWrWXNYr^Rkr 9< (0?$) 9".=)&(+)

!+C .$@C

9< @<+) (0?$)

9".=)&(%<

3 VWrWXNYr^PST "%) (0?$) 9".=)&(+)

!+C .$@C

"%) @<+) (0?$)

9".=)&(%<

NB !+0&4-$B("2a"4%, 4$4 / /B("2a"4%, /B""% %)+L4) /J�'-

-/%"+L.)" .$4+)."./".

82

Plusquamperfectum activi

&$%&6$67 1 &$%1*+@# 61*67%@#

H&.)-$ ("2-),) (/+/ &+$*),)) $4%/-.),) (+0&4-$B-

("2a"4%$ )*2$JD"%&' (D%"B (2/*$-+"./' -r /+/ -rQ 4 )&-

.)-" $4%/-.),) ("2a"4%$: WXQYrZO 9".=)&<9(&A � Wr-

WXQYr^\r- /+/ WrWXQYr^\rQ-, SQµgO ="-)&(&A � SrSQµc-

\r- /+/ SrSQµc\rQ-, \TRµ]O 0'4(B(&A � \r\TRµc\r-

/+/ \r\TRµc\rQ-, YcefO "@%(40?)9(&A � YrYceO\r-

/+/ YrYceO\rQ-, WecifO %(="+%C&A � WrWeciO\r- /+/

WrWeciO\rQ-, �TPrZO 0@)9(&A � Wr�TPr^\r- /+/ Wr�T-

Pr^\rQ-, _Oi]O )!&) � \r_Oic\r- /+/ \r_Oic\rQ-, kc-

igO "/"&)&A.C � SrkciX\r- /+/ SrkciX\rQ-, ¯ikfO

.&(9)&A =4C5" � ÊikO\r- /+/ ÊikO\rQ-, Ê�re]O =4)-

%".)&A ="+A>0 � Ê�rec\r- /+/ Ê�rec\rQ- / %. @. 5 $%%/-

#"&4)B @/$+"4%" - *)+"" @2"-./6 ("2/)@ (2/&)"@/.'-

+)&L -r, $ - *)+"" ()J@./6 � -rQ.

14%/-.K6 (+0&4-$B("2a"4%, ()@)*.) B"@/$+L.)-

($&&/-.)BD, /B""% %)+L4) /.@/4$%/-, )*2$JD"%&' & ()-

B)CL0 (2/2$C"./' / -%)2/#.K3 +/#.K3 )4).#$./6. 5

$%%/#"&4)B @/$+"4%" (2"@&%$-+".) @-$ 2'@$ +/#.K3

)4).#$./6 (+0&4-$B("2a"4%$: *)+"" @2"-./3 / *)+""

()J@./3.

Indicativus

ò)+"" @2"-./" a)2BK ò)+"" ()J@./" a)2BK !"2"-)@

Sg.� VWrWXQYrZ\c VWrWXQYrZ\rQP C (0?$) 4(>9C>(+

2 VWrWXQYrZ\cU VWrWXQYrZ\rQU &< (0?$) 4(>9C>(+

3 VWrWXQYrZ\rQ VWrWXQYrZ\rQ "% (0?$) 4(>9C>(+

Pl.� VWrWXQYrZ\rµrP VWrWXQYrZ\rQµrP 5< (0?$) 4(>9C>(+)

2 VWrWXQYrZ\rSr VWrWXQYrZ\rQSr 9< (0?$) 4(>9C>(+)

3 VWrWXQYrZ\rRXP VWrWXQYrZ\rRXP "%) (0?$) 4(>9C>(+)

83

/#*'%01#1

�. !2"@/4$%/-.)" (2/#$&%/" (&B. D2)4 36) &)"@/.'"%&' &

."4)%)2KB/ ,+$,)+$B/, .$(2/B"2, & ,+$,)+)B �XNPTµXQ

C9+C&A.C, @<&A 9)!%<5. !2/ ("2"-)@" .$ 2D&&4/6 'JK4

(2/#$&%/" #$&%) ("2"-)@/%&' +/#.)6 a)2B)6 ,+$,)+$, $

D(2$-+'0C/6 ,+$,)+ ("2"-)@/%&' .$2"#/"B:

�XNPrST SX�SX [qPT�P � "% C9%" ¨&"," %$ >%($&.

2. !2"@/4$%/-.)" (2/#$&%/" (2/ ,+$,)+$3, )*)J.$#$0-

C/3 #D-&%-$ (verba affectuum), &%$-/%&' - /B"./%"+L.)B

($@"b" - 4$#"&%-" (2/+)b"./' 4 ()@+"b$C"BD D(2$--

+'0C",) ,+$,)+$:

vYTµXQ [\TZOP RT^ �iTPNµTÛ efqTÛ � C 4(! .+<-

B(&A "& &$@C 4(>05%<$ 4$-).

)8B=c [=94C]4PC\ 78EB

�� èeecPrU V\ µrqNRSOP \QPYZPOP ere^µ]PTQ eXµW-

i�U T¨P ²TiS�U ±qXqTP STtU krTtU. �� iQRSX WXi� }X-

eXµtPQ PX^µX_¤RXPSrU µgeX VSQµ¤kcRXP, µgeQRSX Y�

ÐrµQRST\e¢U, �SQ S� ¯ik� R^µ�r�Têr^\ÍU \X� YQ� S¢U

²X^ST� RT�NXU S®P ÄeegYX RrRO\ÍU V�XNPrST. �ee�

\XNWri ä]i�T^ uSScµ]PT^ � WferµTU TzWO VW]WX^ST,

TyY� T� èeecPrU V\ ST� S�P �Xi�giOP �f�T^ ere^µ]PTQ

�RXP. ·XiYfPQTU q�i V\ S¢U ÐrSSXeNXU WgeQP VRSigSr^-

ST R§P YrQPÀ RSiXSQp. ��P T¨P Äee¤POP [kiTQsTµ]POP

\X� YQXerqTµ]POP, SN Y]TQ WigSSrQP, V�P T� �]iRXQ X¨kQU

rhR�geORQP, V\rtPTU rhU S®P �SSQ\®P VWrWfir^ST \X� S®P

q¢P \X� S�U �k¤PXU VWrWTik¤\rQ S~ YrZSriTP. �XPSX-

_T� Y� \X� PXT§U \X� Th\NXU RrRêc\fSrU \X� WrWîO\f-

SrU \X� WTeeT§U [Pki�WTÛ Wr�TPr^\fSrU T� �]iRXQ SX-

84

_]OU rhU S®P ¶TQOSNXP µiµcPST µrqgeT^ S�P �reTWTP-

PcRNOP RSiXSrZµXSTU WecRQgsTPSTU. ¸T�rip T¨P µg_�

WXi� SXtU �eXSXQXtU uSScµ]PTU ·XiYfPQTU [W]kXPr

R§P WTeeTtU S�P ²X^ST� RSiXSQOS�P. �� Y� V\rt PQ\¤-

RXPSrU µ]qX SifWXQTP lRScRXP uYfµrPTQ SXZS� SÀ Sr-

er^SXNo µg_� [eck�U �er^kriOµ]PTQ. �£SO �X^RXPNXU

� }WXiSQgScU, ÂU SfSr \TQP~U S�P Äee¤POP RSiXScq~U

�P, \XeeNRScP PN\cP VPrPQ\¤\rQ.

·rS� ¯eNqTP _ifPTP T� èeecPrU VWZkTPST SÀ XySÀ

uµ]io, ©U Ve]qrST, �eeT S�P �riR�P RSigSr^µX \X� S~

PX^SQ\~P VP SÀ S¢U �RNXU [\SÀ WXi� SÀ ·^\ge� uSS¢-

RkXQ \X� YQXereZRkXQ. �ee� �µOU lSQ SiQg\TPSX lSc T�

�kcPXtTQ \X� T� RZµµX_TQ XyS�P STtU �]iRXQU \XS� q¢P

\X� \XS� kgeXSSXP Vµg_TPST, ÉOU WwRXQ X� ÃOPQ\X� Wf-

erQU V\ S¢U S�P �Xi�giOP YTêrNXU Ve]e^PST. �� T¨P

�]iRXQ STRXtRYr µg_XQU PrPQ\cµ]PTQ \X� S¢U WiTS]iXU

Y^PgµrOU [WrRSricµ]PTQ RWTPY�U VWTQ¤RXPST STtU

�kcPXNTQU. �ÅSOU �iX T� WferµTQ VW]WX^PST, VP T U µ]-

qX S¢U ÄeegYTU µ]iTU VWrWfikcST \X� WTeeT� �PkiOWTQ

VWr�fPr^PST. �� Y� �kcPXtTQ \X� STtU PcRQ�SXQU \X� STtU

ÈORQ R^µµX_NXP VWTQ¤RXPST, ÒPX µ® �Pr^ R^µµg_OP WT-

erµNTQU VPXPSQOkrtrP. á�recµ]PTQ T¨P ¥W~ S�P R^µµg-

_OP PX^R� \X� [PYigRQ \X� �fiTQU VP �iX_rt _ifPª ST-

RXZScP YZPXµQP V\]\ScPST, µRSr µweeTP ¥Wc\fOP YrR-

WfSXQ Þ uqrµfPrU �µTNOP qrPfµrPTQ V�XNPTPST. ÎPQTQ

µ�P [WrQkrtP VWrQigkcRXP, [ee� YrQP�U VscµQ�kcRXP.

�]eTU Y� STtU �kcPXNTQU VWrNkTPST YQX\fRQXQ WferQU, \X�

� �rQiXQr§U VWrWe¤iOST SiQ¤iOP \X� VµWTir^SQ\�P

WeTNOP. Ø Y� WfeQU XyS® hR_îTtU SrN_rRQP V�r�XQ�kc

Wi~U �kTPriT§U VPXPSNTÛ.

85

>*(0?6'

�kcPXNT^ SQP~U ryeTqT�PSTU �qXP ST§U �PYiXU ST§U

VP SÀ µg_� SrSrer^Sc\fSXU, õ Vq]PrST Wi~U �X\rYXQµT-

PNTÛ, �qcRNeXTUÇ ��ee� WfRT^ VWXNPT^, - l�c, - [�NTÛ

uq¤R� uµwU ST§U V\rNPTÛ PrPQ\c\fSXU;�

3(01#0%

YrZSriTU, X, TP -%)2)6; S~ YrZSriTP -) -%)2)6 2$J

WXPSX_T� -"J@" RêgO ,2$*/%L

S~ SifWXQTP %2)a"6

Srer^SXtTU, X, TP ()&+"@-./6

S~ lSTU, TÛ ,)@

WifSriTU ("2-K6, *)+"" 2$../6

u RWTPY¤, ¢U -)J+/'./"; @),)-)2

� PcRQ�ScU, T^ )&%2)-/%'-./.

¥W¤\TTU, TP ()&+D`.K6; � ¥W. ()@@$..K6

[WrQk]O *K%L ."()&+D`.KB u SiQ¤icU, TÛ %2/"2$

�]�XQTU, XNX, XQTP 42"(4/6, (2)#.K6 �r�XQfO D42"-(+'%L

�kTPrifU, g, fP J$-/&%+/--K6

u ·^\gec, cU =/4$+" (5<. 9 �"%)))

� �rQiXQrZU, ]OU (�U) !/-2"6

�eXSXQXN, �P X� !+$%"/, ,)2)@ - ò")%//

ryeTq]O (2)&+$-+'%L, 3-$-+/%L

VµWTir^SQ\fU, ¤, fP %)2,)--K6, 4D("#"&4/6

45 ,676&6 8%7('%

µSm � ZLµfS\ µV ZSX�P OlVdMI\ µVµSPXqPKlVM ZVPm

OµIY� (�%. 5, 37)

�lSm I~lWS IGl nZVTVM, XVsVµVHWpXI JcP OZm X�M

ZLXPSM. (3*. 7, 25)

yFµIm `{ µ� JLMIUXI lS_Q�TsSU V~ µ� OM X� TXS_P� XIY

l_PWI_ Nµ]M ²KTIY ¡PUTXIY, Ù� I´ OµIm l�TµI\ OTXSqPp-

XSU lSJª l�Tµ�. (�(+. 6, g4)

86

yzHHc ¯XUMS ºM µIU lLP`K, XSYXS »JKµSU Ùc X[M ¡PUT-

X[M jKµWSM. ¸HHc µVMIYMJV lSm NJIYµSU ZiMXS jKµWSM Vr-

MSU Ùc X[ eZVPLQIM X�\ JM�TVp\ ¡PUTXIY ²KTIY XIY µ_PW-

I_ µI_� (�)+. 3, 7-8)

¼_Mm `{ QpPm\ M�µI_ ÙlSUITqMK sVIY ZV�SMLPpXSU µSP-

X_PI_µLMK eZ[ XIY M�µI_ lSm X]M ZPI�KX]M. («)5. 3, 2g)

WNWSO, aor. lWrRTP ($@$%L krµreQfO )&.)-K-$%L u W]SiX, XU 4$B".L RSXîfO 2$&(/.$%L uq]TµXQ, pf. vqcµXQ (J@.)

()+$,$%L, &#/%$%L

u scµNX, XU DC"2* µrPT�Pqr ()/&%/." ¥Wri]_O -)J-K`$%L&', (2"-

-)&3)@/%L P^PN .K." �XPrifO @"+$%L '-.KB

45 96&61$:;(*#.

×rPN\cPSXQ S¢U �ZRrOU T� �iTQ VP RTN, WXik]Pr

�_iXPSr� (?+Db*$ A&("./', /2B)& 9 ("&./ 4$.).$)

��rWegPcSXQ � WegPTU, � WeXPckr�U e^SiT�SXQ RT-

�No RÀ, Ðr] µT^� (!)3-$+K A%2"./ 5"+/4)6 ?D**)%K,

&%$%/' 3)

�W� RT� _XNirQ, °r_XiQSOµ]Pc, WwRX u °SNRQU, �qq]-

eOP S~ RZRScµX, \X� [Pki�WOP S~ q]PTU� (5)&42"&.$'

D%2".', &"@$+"., ,+$& 8)

�_iXPSTU, TP #/&%K6, ."J$-('%.$..K6

WeXPgTµXQ *+Db@$%L u \SNRQU, rOU %-)2"./"

WegPTU, TP --)@'C/6 - J$-*+Db@"./"

S~ RZRScµX, XSTU &%2)6

<="%;*(*#.

I. H*2$JD6%" 4 a)2B$B le^r � le^Rr � e]e^\r � VereZ\rQ

&))%-"%&%-D0C/" 2'@K a)2B )% ,+$,)+)- WTerµ]O �

kZO � �iµgO � scµQfO � R^µ�TêrZO.

87

II. �) b" &$B)" � 4 a)2B$B eZTPSXQ � eZRTPSXQ � e]-

e^PSXQ )% ,+$,)+)- krgTµXQ � XhS]TµXQ � RSiXSrZTµXQ.

III. H*2$JD6%" #"%K2" $4%/-.K3 /.a/./%/-$ / (2/#$&-

%/' )% ,+$,)+)- ViOSgO / �iTP]O; #"%K2" ($&&/-.K3

/.a/./%/-$ / (2/#$&%/' )% ,+$,)+)- ¥µP]O / �TPrZO.

IV. H(2"@"+/%" a)2BK / ("2"-"@/%": �iµwRkr (2), ©i-

µwRkr � VSTeµ¤RXµrP, SrSTeµ¤\XµrP � WeciT�SXQ, Wr-

We¤iOSXQ � V\TRµ¤RXSr, \r\TRµ¤\XSr � �QeTZµrkX, V�Q-

eTZµrkX, Wr�Qe¤µrkX, VWr�Qe¤µrkX � �YiZ\XSr, �YiZ\r-

Sr � T� WXtYrU WXQYr^]RkOP, T� Y� PrXPNXQ WrWXQYrZ-

RkOP � �YQ\¤µcP, �YQ\TZµcP.

V. !"2"-"@/%": �. ¿¨ �r�QTSr^\ÍU \X\�U [W]kXPrP. 2. ��

YrYTêOµ]PTQ _giQP l_T^RQ STtU �er^kriO\fRQP. 3. Ðr-

iXWrZrSr S®P µcS]iX S®P ¥µwU WrWXQYr^\^tXP. 4. �Te-

eT§U �eeTÛ �WXSc\ÍU P�P XyS~U �WgScSXQ. 5. �~ liqTP

VP ¯eNqª _ifPª WrWTQ¤RkO. 6. ×�P Ty _i® �TêrZrRkXQ,

[ee� �r�Têr�RkXQ. 7. �y\]SQ \XQifU VRSQ YiwP, [ee�

YrYiX\]PXQ. 8. ×TµNsO ¥W~ RT� ereTQYTi¢RkXQ \X� �YQ-

\¢RkXQ. 9. �rSNµcRT, � àr�, YQ� S~ uµwU RrRO\]PXQ.

�0. éSXP S~ liqTP r¨ SrSrer^Scµ]PTP í, SQµ¢U ��QTQ

lRrRkr.

88

2"?) 4 0

9"2",D+'2.K" a)2BK ,+$,)+)- & ,+$&.KB/ )&.)-$B/.

öU & (2/#$&%/"B @+' -K2$b"./' &D*�"4%/-.)6 (2/#/.K. �XZT-µXQ & (2/#$&%/"B; ÉOU �P c 4).�0.4%/-)B.

%=9=RyQ:9BO= ^89NO


C'1':=$(*#. 6' *6"@+

7 69"%567%*## ="#"%D(*#.

9"4)%)2K" ,+$,)+K, 4)%)2K" .$#/.$0%&' & r-, /B"0%

- (2/2$C".// rQ- ($ ." c-). :J ,+$,)+)- & ,+$&.KB/ )&-

.)-$B/ &0@$ )%.)&'%&' ,+$,)+K ²RSQgO 0,"�(D (imper-

fectum � r�RSNOP, aoristus � r�RSNXRX) / VgO !">9"+CD

(imperfectum � rjOP, aoristus � rjXRX).

C'1':=$(*#. 6' *6"@+

7 69"%567%*## 7"(@(*

�. 9"4)%)2K" ,+$,)+K & 42$%4/B 4)."#.KB ,+$&.KB

)&.)-K .$&%)'C",) -2"B"./ &)32$.'0% ",) 42$%4/B -)

-&"3 ,+$,)+L.K3 a)2B$3, (2/#"B ()&+" )&.)-K -&%$-+'-

"%&' -R-, "&+/ J$ )&.)-)6 &+"@D0% &),+$&.K" -µ, -S, -k.

d%) )*�'&.'"%&' %"B, #%) /&%)2/#"&4/ )&.)-$ %$4/3 ,+$-

,)+)- )4$.#/-$+$&L .$ R-. �$4)-K ,+$,)+K qregO .5$-

C&A.C ()&.)-$ qreXR-, futurum med. � qregRTµXQ, aoris-

tus act. � Vq]eXRX, aoristus pass. � VqregRkcP), RWgO

&(�)&A ()&.)-$ RWXR-, futurum act. � RWgRO, aoristus

89

act. � lRWXRX, aoristus pass. � VRWgRkcP, perfectum act. �

lRWX\X, perfectum med.-pass. � lRWXRµXQ), Sre]O

"'(%-)9(&A ()&.)-$ SrerR-, futurum act. � Sre� < Sre]RO,

aoristus act. � VS]erRX, aoristus pass. � VSre]RkcP,

perfectum act. � SrS]er\X, perfectum med.-pass. �

SrS]erRµXQ), XhY]TµXQ .&<!)&A.C ()&.)-$ XhYrR-, futu-

rum med. � XhY]RTµXQ, aoristus pass. � æY]RkcP,

perfectum med.-pass. � ÏYrRµXQ) / ."4)%)2K" @2D,/".

2. :.),@$ () %/(D ,+$,)+)- & &/,B$%/#"&4)6 )&.)-)6

-R- -&%$-+'"%&' / - ."4)%)2K3 a)2B$3 ()*K#.) - ($&&/--

.)B $)2/&%", ("2a"4%" / )%,+$,)+L.K3 (2/+$,$%"+L.K3)

,+$,)+)- & @)+,/B ,+$&.KB J-D4)B )&.)-K, 4$4, .$(2/-

B"2, D ,+$,)+$ \erNO (\eçO) >(=)4(&A ()&.)-$ \erQ-, fu-

turum act. � \erNRO, aoristus act. � l\erQRX, aoristus

pass. � V\erNRkcP, perfectum med.-pass. � \]\erQRµXQ) /

\rerZO =4)'(><9(&A ()&.)-$ \rer^-, futurum act. � \r-

erZRO, aoristus act. � V\]er^RX, aoristus pass. � V\rerZ-

RkcP, perfectum act. � \r\]er^\X, perfectum med.-pass. �

\r\]er^RµXQ).

3. 9"4)%)2K" ,+$,)+K & ,+$&.)6 )&.)-)6 - )@./3

-2"B".$3 /B"0% 42$%4/6 4)."#.K6 ,+$&.K6 J-D4 )&.)-

-K, $ - @2D,/3, () )*C"BD (2$-/+D, D@+/."..K6, 4$4,

.$(2/B"2, ,+$,)+K e�O 4(>9C><9(&A (futurum act. � e�-

RO, aoristus act. � le÷RX, aoristus pass. � Ve kcP, perfec-

tum act. � e]eø\X, perfectum pass. � e]eøµXQ), Y�O ="-

,40?(&A (futurum act. � Y�RO, aoristus act. � lY÷RX, aoris-

tus pass. � VY kcP, perfectum act. � Y]Yø\X, perfectum

pass. � Y]YøµXQ), Y]O .9C><9(&A (futurum act. � Y¤RO, ao-

ristus act. � lYcRX, aoristus pass. � VY]kcP, perfectum act. �

Y]Yr\X, perfectum pass. � Y]YrµXQ).

90

4. A ."4)%)2K3 ,+$,)+)- .$ -gO / -]O ,+$,)+L.$' )&-

.)-$ )4$.#/-$"%&' .$ @/a%).,/ X^- / r^-. 5 .$&%)'C"B

-2"B"./ / /B("2a"4%" 4)."#.K6 J-D4 )&.)-K ^- -K($-

@$"%, $ (2)#/" -2"B".$ )*2$JD0%&' )% )&.)-K & @/a%).-

,)B. 9$(2/B"2: \gO, \XNO ?$-A ()&.)-$ \X^-), fut. \XZ-

RO, aor. act. l\X^RX, aor. pass. V\XZkcP, perf. act. \]\X^-

\X, perf. pass. \]\X^µXQ; We]O =+<&A ()&.)-$ Wer^-),

fut. WerZRTµXQ, aor. act. lWer^RX, perf. act. W]Wer^\X.

5. !2/ )*2$J)-$.// -2"B". )%@"+L.K" ,+$,)+K /B"-

0% &-)/ &)*&%-"..K" )&)*"..)&%/, &-'J$..K" & /&%)2/-

#"&4/B 2$J-/%/"B /3 )&.)-, 4$4, - #$&%.)&%/, ,+$,)+ \X-

e]O ()&.)-$ \Xer-, \ec-): fut. act. � \Xe�, -rtU, aor. act. �

V\gerRX, aor. pass. � V\e¤kcP, perf. act. � \]\ec\X, perf.

med.-pass. � \]\ecµXQ.

/#*'%01#1

�. !)&4)+L4D & ()B)CL0 (2"@/4$%/-.K3 (2/#$&%/6

("2"@$0%&' 2$J+/#.K" )*&%)'%"+L&%-"..K" )%.)`"./'

(-2"B"..K", (2/#/..K", D&+)-.K", D&%D(/%"+L.K"), %)

@+' D4$J$./', 4$4)6 /B"..) )%%".)4 J.$#"./' J$4+0#$-

"% - &"*" (2/#$&%/", (2/ ."B B),D% &%$-/%L&' @)()+./-

%"+L.K" &+)-$. �$4, @+' -K2$b"./' &D*�"4%/-.)6 (2/-

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[WTerNWO ()4/@$%L, *2)-&$%L, )&%$-+'%L

� ¥Wci]ScU, T^ &+D,$, ()@-2D#.K6

rhRgqO --)@/%L

Yr�iT &0@$ µX\XiNsO &#/%$%L &#$&%+/-

-KB

� £WPTU, T^ &). (.4. ,)=%">)

u WrQk�, T�U D*"b@"./"

WTQ\NeTU, c, TP ("&%2K6

u PYiTU, T^ 1.@2)& [WTSi]WO )%4+).'%L; (2),)-

.'%L

45 ,676&6 8%7('%

�¿TZVP JcP N xTXPSZ� O}LPQVXSU xZ[ xMSXIH]M lSm

�SWMVXSU �p\ `_Tµ]M, I³Xp\ nTXSU N ZSPI_TWS XIY _|IY

XIY xMsP�ZI_a �ZI_ OcM � X[ ZX]µS, OlVd T_MSQstTIMXSU

I| xVXIW. (3*. 24, 27-28)

�00

�lSm VrZVM SGXId\a \ OcM `L}KXSU XIYXI X[ ZSU`WIM OZm

X� oM�µSXU µI_, Oµ{ `LQVXSU� (u'. 9, 48)

µSm JcP OM kMm ZMVqµSXU NµVd\ ZiMXV\ V~\ ¾M T]µS ORSZ-

XWTsKµVM, V�XV ²I_`SdIU V�XV ÀHHKMV\ V�XV ÌYHIU V�XV OHVq-

sVPIU, lSm ZiMXV\ ¾M ZMVYµS OZIXWTsKµVM. (g 2"4. g2, g3)

±iMXV\ `{ I| sLHIMXV\ VGTVR]\ j�M OM ¡PUTX� ²KTIY Ù-

pQstTIMXSU. (2 :)5. 3, g2)

u [RSiXW¤, ¢U B)+./' X� [PXSTeXN, �P -)&%)4,

-)&3)@ X� Y^RµXN, �P J$($@, J$4$% u WXiT^RNX, XU (2/*K%/",

(2/`"&%-/" YQ�\O ,.$%L

S~ WS�µX, XSTU B"2%-)" %"-+), %2D(

R^PgqO, pass. aor. R^P¤_kcP &)*/2$%L

WTSNsO ()/%L ryRr��U *+$,)#"&%/-)

45 96&61$:;(*#.

�ÜXtir, YQ� ìU VeZkc WXig�XRQU: _Xtir, YQ� ìU cPTN_kc

�XigYrQRTU� (14$a/&%, /4)& 8)

éRTQ rhU ÜiQRS~P V�XWSNRkcSr, ÜiQRS~P VPrYZRXRkr.

u WXig�XRQU, rOU (2"&%D(-+"./"

[PTNqO )%42K-$%L VPYZO )@"-$%L, .$@"-$%L

<="%;*(*#.

I. H*2$JD6%" )% ,+$,)+)- �êgSSO, W]µWO, q^µPgsO �) 3

pl. ind. -&"3 %2"3 $)2/&%)-; 2) .")(2"@"+"..D0 a)2BD

-&"3 %2"3 aD%D2DB)-; 3) 3 pl. con. / opt. ($&&/-.),) $)-

2/&%$; 4) (2/#$&%/" ($&&/-.),) $)2/&%$ - a)2B$3 gen. /

dat. pl. BDb&4),) 2)@$. !"2"-"@/%" {%/ a)2BK .$ 2D&-

&4/6 'JK4.

�0�

II. !"2"-"@/%": �. �� PcRQ�SXQ \XNWri RZµµX_TQ ßPSrU

¥W~ S�P �kcPXNOP ±i_kcRXP µRWri ¥W¤\TTQ. 2. éµc-

iTU V�cqrtSXQ S~P óY^RR]X ¥W~ µ�P �TRrQY�PTU YQO_k¢-

PXQ, [r� Y� ¥W� �kcPwU ROk¢PXQ. 3. �\c\fXSr \X� VP SÀ

}Q\reNo WTee�U ÄeecPQ\�U [WTQ\NXU \SQRk¢PXQ. 4. éSXP

\X\�U Wig��U, ¥W~ WTee�P �NeOP [WTerQ�k¤R�. 5. Ðr-

µQRST\e¢U ¥W~ �XRQe]OU eXµWi�U V�rPNRkc \XNWri S�P

RXSiXW�P ¯iqQRk]PSOP. 6. °X\TtU �µQe�P XyS~U \X\~U

PTµQRk¤R�. 7. PYiTP S®P P¢RTP ¥W~ S�P VPTN\OP r¨ � -̂

eX_krtRXP ÐrµQRST\e¢U ²ertP Ty\ VYZPXST. 8. ÄSXtiTP

[S^_T�PSX Þ [WTiT�PSX eQWÍP Ty\ ¾P ¯PTµXRkrNcU WQR-

S~U �NeTU. 9. }^µ�TZer^RTP \Xe�U Þ WrNRkcSQ S� \Xe�U

R^µ�TêrZRXPSQ. �0. ��P RSiXSQOS�P VRSQ WrQRk¢PXQÇ

�WT^ �P SQU SX_kÀ, V\rt [PYirNOU WTQcRgSO S� Y]TPSX.

��. °iTtRTU }feOPQ YQXer_k¢PXQ e]qrSXQ Wri� S¢U ryYXQ-

µTPNXU. �2. �P SXtU ÐriµTWZeXQU ä]i�cU vRkc ��QgeScP

r¥i�P WiTYfScP.

�02

2"?) 4 2

Perfectum et plusquamperfectum medii-passivi ,+$,)+)- & ."BKB/ )&.)-$B/ (2",D+'2.)" )*2$J)-$-./").

Genetivus obiectivus (2/ ¹rZYTµXQ.

Perfectum C plusquamperfectum medii-passivi

RQ3R8Q87 4 B=NONC 84B873NC

(9=RyQ:9B8= 8@93A873BC=)

A ,+$,)+)- & )&.)-)6 .$ ."B)6 J-D4 B"@/$+L.)-

($&&/-.K6 ("2a"4% )*2$JD"%&' (D%"B (2/&)"@/."./' 4

)&.)-" ("2a"4%$ )4).#$./6 B"@/$+L.)-($&&/-.),) J$-

+),$ *"J &Daa/4&$ / &)"@/./%"+L.),) ,+$&.),). 9$ &%K-

4" 4)."#.),) &),+$&.),) J-D4$ )&.)-K & .$#$+L.KB &)-

,+$&.KB J-D4)B )4).#$./' (2)/&3)@'% a)."%/#"&4/"

/JB"."./': $&&/B/+'�/' 4)."#.),) &),+$&.),) /+/ D(-

2)C"./" ,2D(( &),+$&.K3 (&B. %$*+/�D).

I)."#.K6 J-D4 )&.)-K 9$#$+L.K6 J-D4 )4).#$./'

+ µ + R + S + (R)k

,D*.K" (W, �, �) µµ ¹ WS �k

J$@."'JK#.K" (\, q, _) qµ � \S _k

JD*.K" (S, Y, k) Rµ R RS Rk

9$(2/B"2: e]qO ,"9"4)&A � e]erqµXQ, �i_O 9+(-

.&9"9(&A � �iqµXQ, SiN�O &$4$&A � S]SiQµµXQ, �e]WO

.5"&4$&A � �]�erµµXQ, ¹rZYO +,(&A � l¹r^RµXQ.

H4).#$./', .$#/.$0C/"&' & -PS (- %2"%L"B +/�"

B.)b"&%-"..),) #/&+$ ("2a"4%$ -PSXQ / - %2"%L"B +/�"

�03

B.)b"&%-"..),) #/&+$ (+0&4-$B("2a"4%$ -PST) ." B)-

,D% &)"@/.'%L&' & 4)."#.KB ,+$&.KB )&.)-K. !){%)BD

{%/ a)2BK )*2$JD0%&' )(/&$%"+L.) & ()B)CL0 ("2-

a"4%.),) (2/#$&%/' B"@/$+L.)-($&&/-.),) J$+),$ J.$-

#$C",) ,+$,)+$ / a)2B ,+$,)+$ rhµN @<&A (rhRN(P) @+'

("2a"4%$ / �RXP @+' (+0&4-$B("2a"4%$). H(/&$%"+L.)

)*2$JD0%&' %$4b" a)2BK 4).�0.4%/-$ / )(%$%/-$ (&2.

D2)4 39).

Perfectum indicativi medii-passivi

&$%&6$67 1 *(@+@# 61*67%@#

?(2'b"./" B"@/$+L.)-($&&/-.),) ("2a"4%$ ,+$,)-

+)- & ."BKB/ )&.)-$B/ -) -&"3 a)2B$3 )@/.$4)-) &)

&(2'b"./"B B"@/$+L.)-($&&/-.),) ("2a"4%$ ,+$,)+)-

& ,+$&.KB/ )&.)-$B/ (42)B" D4$J$..)6 -K`" )(/&$-

%"+L.)6 a)2BK 3 +/�$ B.)b"&%-"..),) #/&+$). >$+""

(2/-)@'%&' )*2$J�K &(2'b"./' ,+$,)+)- qig�O =)-

.(&A ()&.)-$ qiX�-), SgSSO 4(.="+(,(&A ()&.)-$ SXq-) /

PTµNsO .-)&(&A, ="+(,(&A ()&.)-$ PTµQY-).

Sg. � q]qiXµµXQ S]SXqµXQ PrPfµQRµXQ

2 q]qiX¹XQ S]SX�XQ PrPfµQRXQ

3 q]qiXWSXQ S]SX\SXQ PrPfµQRSXQ

Pl. � qrqigµµrkX SrSgqµrkX PrPTµNRµrkX

2 q]qiX�kr S]SX_kr PrPfµQRkr

3 qrqiXµµ]PTQ

rhRN(P)

SrSXqµ]PTQ

rhRN(P)

PrPTµQRµ]PTQ

rhRN(P)

Infinitivus perfecti medii-passivi � qrqig�kXQ, SrSg_-

kXQ, PrPTµNRkXQ

�04


Sg. 2 +. � q]qiX¹T, S]SX�T, PrPfµQRT

3 +. � qrqig�kO, SrSg_kO, PrPTµNRkO

Pl. 2 +. � q]qiX�kr, S]SX_kr, PrPfµQRkr

3 +. � qrqig�kOP, SrSg_kOP, PrPTµNRkOP

Participium perfecti medii-passivi � qrqiXµµ]PTU, qr-

qiXµµ]Pc, qrqiXµµ]PTP; SrSXqµ]PTU, SrSXqµ]Pc, SrSXq-

µ]PTP; PrPTµQRµ]PTU, PrPTµQRµ]Pc, PrPTµQRµ]PTP.

Plusquamperfectum indicativi medii-passivi

&$%&6$67 1 *(@+@# 61*67%@#

?(2'b"./" B"@/$+L.)-($&&/-.),) (+0&4-$B("2-

a"4%$ ,+$,)+)- & ."BKB/ )&.)-$B/ -) -&"3 a)2B$3

)@/.$4)-) &) &(2'b"./"B B"@/$+L.)-($&&/-.),) (+0-

&4-$B("2a"4%$ ,+$,)+)- & ,+$&.KB/ )&.)-$B/ (42)B"

D4$J$..)6 -K`" )(/&$%"+L.)6 a)2BK 3 +/�$ B.)b"&%-

-"..),) #/&+$).

Sg. � VqrqigµµcP VSrSgqµcP VPrPTµNRµcP

2 Vq]qiX¹T VS]SX�T VPrPfµQRT

3 Vq]qiXWST VS]SX\ST VPrPfµQRST

Pl. � VqrqigµµrkX VSrSgqµrkX VPrPTµNRµrkX

2 Vq]qiX�kr VS]SX_kr VPrPfµQRkr

3 qrqiXµµ]PTQ

�RXP

SrSXqµ]PTQ

�RXP

PrPTµQRµ]PTQ

�RXP

/#*'%01#1

!2/ ,+$,)+$3 &) J.$#"./"B "B)@(&A.C 9 -$5-+)@" (.$-

(2/B"2, ¹rZYTµXQ) &%$-/%&' 2)@/%"+L.K6 ($@"b )*�"4-

%$ @"6&%-/' (genetivus obiectivus), &2. D2)4/ �5, �6.

�05

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Ø YcµT\iXSNX, ©U T� �kcPXtTQ lerqTP, �k¤PcRQ S~

Wi�STP \XSrR\rZXRST ¥W~ }feOPTU. �fSr RrQRX_krNo T�

WrP]RSriTQ WTetSXQ [WceeXqµ]PTQ �RXP [Pgq\cU \X�

YTêrNXU. �� Y� WTetSXQ V\ ST� }feOPTU _ifPT^ YQXµrµr-

iQRµ]PTQ �RXP \XS� S�U ²\gRST^ WiTRfYTÛ rhU S]SSX-

iXU �ê�U Þ Sg�rQU, \X� ¥W~ ST� PTµTk]ST^ [\iQ��U VS]-

SX\ST, � SQ ²\gRS� Sg�rQ WiTR¤\TQ. �TtU T¨P ryqrP]RQ \X�

WeT^RNTQU V�¢P µrS]_rQP WXR�P S�P SQµ�P, T� Y� WrP]R-

SXSTQ V�r\]\erQPST S�P [i_�P. �ÅSTQ Y� SXZScP S®P WT-

eQSrNXP Vµ]µ�TPST, �SQ S¢U VeWNYTU V¹r^Rµ]PTQ r¡rP.

�rQRQRSigST^ ST� SîgPPT^ [WTkXPfPSTU \X� �WWNT^

V\ S¢U WferOU VâmQµµ]PT^ °erQRk]PcU \XNWri ryqrP®U

îP X¨kQU S®P WTeQSrNXP ±eeX�rPÇ S®P q�i _�iXP \X� S~

�RS^ rhU Y]\X P]XU �ê�U \X� ²\XS~P Y¤µTÛ YQrµ]iQRr

\X� STZSTQU VW]RScRrP X�irST§U Ycµgi_TÛ, ©U VP �eeª

S¢RYr S¢U �N�eT^ µ]irQ q]qiXWSXQ. |¢eTP Y¤ VRSQ STZSª

S� SifWª S®P S�P ryqrP�P YZPXµQP �r�eg�kXQ \X� YQX-

\r\f�kXQ. ÖW~ Y� °erQRk]PTÛ \X� �eeTQ PfµTQ qrqig�-

kXQ e]qTPSXQ µRWri TÒYrÇ ��PX \X� S~ \TQP~P µrS]_� ST�

S�P ryqrP�P WeTZST^, VWQSrSg_kOP XySTtU X� erQSTîqN-

XQ. ��P Y] SQU S¢U SîXPPNYTU VWQk^µ�P �XNPcSXQ, YQ�

ST� ¯RSiX\QRµT� ryk§U ST� �RSrOU V\\r\erNRkO�.

°XNSTQ STtU ryqrP]RQP Ty\ ¯eNqX Ve]erQWST. �TeeT�

\X� £RSriTP µrqNRSXQU [i_XtU \X� SQµXtU V\TRµT�PST.

�i_XNª Pfµª _i�µrPTQ VP SXtU RSiXSrNXQU \X� VP SXtU

WTµWXtU ÒWWr^TP. �~ Y� S�P qrOiq�P \X� YcµQTîq�P

We¢kTU Vµg_rST ©WeQRµ]PTP µ�P V\ S�P hYNOP�, ¥W� V\rN-

� 9$ &)*&%-"..K" &2"@&%-$.

�06

POP Y� rhU µg_cP �qµ]PTP \X� SrSXqµ]PTP VP SÀ S�P �W-

eQS�P �geXqqQ. �� Y� W]PcSrU �RXP q^µP¢SrU Þ rhU S�U

PX�U WrWrµµ]PTQ VirS�P liqX lWiXSSTP. �£SO Y® u S�P

�kcPXNOP WTeQSrNX ¥W~ WTee�P PrPTµQRµ]Pc r¨ SrSg_-

kXQ \X� WXirR\r^gRkXQ �PXPSQ�kc STtU �]iRXQU.

/(*'(*2#.

ã q]qiXWSXQ, q]qiXWSXQ.

>*(0?6'

°XtRXi S~P ùºT^�N\OPX YQX�XNPOP r¡WrPÇ ��âmN�kO �

\Z�TU�.

3(01#0%

YQXµriNsO 2$J@"+'%L u Sg�QU, rOU ()2'@)4, D&%-

2)"./", &%2)6, ()+)b"-./" (.4. &('&)'()

�FTKG *2)&$%L

YuTKG 2D*/%L

YQX\fWSO 2$J2D*$%L S~ \TQPfP, T� )*C/.$, ,)&D-

@$2&%-) � ¯RSiX\QRµfU, T� )&%2$-

4/JB

u RSiXSrNX, XU ()3)@

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�WeNsO -))2Db$%L � q^µP¤U, ¢STU ,/B."%, +",-

4)-))2Db"..K6 ("3)%/-."�

YeWTKG &42K-$%L (.4. '4)=&(, '4)=&",4(55()

YUbWTKG &42K-$%L (.4. 2(-+)=.")

YQX�XNPO ("2"(2$-+'%L&', ("2"3)@/%L

� \Z�TU, T^ /,2$+L.$' 4)&%L u erQSTîqNX, XU )*C"&%-

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45 ,676&6 8%7('%

��TIU JcP V~\ ¡PUTX[M ORSZXWTsKXV, ¡PUTX[M OMV`qTS-

TsV. (�(+. 3, 27)

�07

w� JcP QiPUXU OTXV TVT�TµLMIU Ùc ZWTXVp\� (½*. 2, 8)

ÛVPQ�µVMI\ JcP lSm xMSsVpP]M Xc TVRiTµSXS eµ]M

V´PIM lSm Rpµ[M OM Á OZVJLJPSZXIa ¸JM�TX� sV�� (6$-

C%. g7, 23)

ÂU `L XU QSPWjVTsV, lSJ�a lSm JcP OJª lVQiPUTµSU, V�

XU lVQiPUTµSU, Ù� eµ�\ OM ZPIT�Z� ¡PUTXIY� (2 2"4. 2, g0)

¢£ OZUTXIH� Nµ]M eµVd\ OTXV, OJJVJPSµµLMK OM XSd\

lSP`WSU\ Nµ]M � IG µLHSMU xHHc ZMVqµSXU sVIY j]M-

XI\� (2 2"4. 3, 2-3)

�OM SGX� OlXWTsK Xc ZiMXS OM XId\ IGPSMId\ lSm OZm

X�\ J�\, Xc �PSXc lSm Xc x�PSXS, V�XV sP�MIU V�XV l_PU�-

XKXV\ V�XV xPQSm V�XV O}I_TWSUa Xc ZiMXS ÙÃ SGXIY lSm V~\

SGX[M nlXUTXSU� (2"+. g, g6)

µSm �µIHIJI_µLMp\ µLJS OTXmM X[ X�\ VGTVRVWS\ µ_T-

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µ�, xMVHtµ�sK OM `�}�. (g :)5. 3, g6)

u _giQU, _giQSTU *+$,)@$%L RÕsO &($&$%L [PXkrOi]O 2$&&B$%2/-$%L

&.)-$ S~ R]�XRµX, XSTU (2"@B"%

()4+)."./', &-'%K.' � �OµfU, T� $+%$2L, b"2%-

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J2/BK6 [fiXSTU, TP ."-/@/BK6

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(2/J.$./0 S~ µ^RS¤iQTP, T ̂ %$/.&%-) �igO, pass. aor. ü�kcP -/-

@"%L \ciZSSO (2)()-"@)-$%L,

(2)-)J,+$`$%L [PXeXµ�gPO, pass. aor.

[Pre¤(µ)�kcP *2$%L --"23, *2$%L &.)-$

�08

45 96&61$:;(*#.

�RSfeQRµXQ, \XSrRSQqµ]PTP _QS�PX, \X� ýµXqµ]PTP

XhR_i�U�(I$.). (2(. 1.@2"' I2/%&4),), ("&.L 2)

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q�i ST� V\ RT� RXi\Ok]PSTU � ðYcU æ_µXe�SQRSXQ, �

�Y�µ [PX\]\ecSXQ, u \XSgiX PrP]\iOSXQ, u ¿zX �er^k]-

iOSXQ, � kgPXSTU SrkXPgSOSXQ, \X� uµrtU VsOTWTQ¤kc-

µrP� (5)&42"&.$' D%2".', ,+$& 2)

RSTeNsO )@"-$%L \XSXRSNsO ()42K-$%L ('%-

.$B/ � _QS�P, _QS�PTU 3/%)., .$-

%"+L.$' )@"b@$ X�µgRRO )42)-$-+/-$%L ¥WrirêTqcµ]PTU, c, TP

(2"*+$,)&+)-"..K6

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J-$%L -.)-L u \XSgiX, XU (2)4+'%/" Pr\ifO DB"2C-+'%L

<="%;*(*#.

I. H*2$JD6%" )% ,+$,)+)- \iZWSO, �êgSSO, [PXq\gsO

&+"@D0C/" a)2BK: �) 2 sg. / pl. ind. perf. pass.; 2) .")(-

2"@"+"..D0 a)2BD / (2/#$&%/" perf. pass.; )% ,+$,)+)-

¼iWgsO, \XeZWSO, �i_O � � / 2 pl. pqpf. pass.

II. H(2e@"+/%" a)2BK: �egWSrSXQ, �]�eXWSXQ � �SQµgR-

kcSr, �SNµXRkr (2) � Vq^µPgRXST, VqrqZµPXRST � ÊPfµX-

RSXQ, ÊPTµgRkXQ � �Pgq\XRXQ, [PXq\gRXQ (2) � �WeQsf-

µrPTQ, ©WeQRµ]PTQ � \r\iZ�kO, \i^�k¤SO � l\SQRSXQ,

V\SNRkXQ.

III. !"2"-"@/%": �. Ëi� r¨ qrqZµPXRXQ; 2. �� |ig\TPSTU

PfµTQ XÒµXSQ qrqig�kXQ Ve]qTPST. 3. �gRcU VeWNYTU

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�09

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\Xe^µµ]PX YceOk¤RrSXQ. 8. °XNWri WeT�STP \ScRgµr-

PTQ TzWO WgPSOP S�P \X\�P [W¤eeX_kr. 9. ûYr u WfeQU

¥W~ S�P ùºOµXNOP e]qrSXQ «\NRkXQ. �0. �PYirNOU �q�PQ-

RXQ, � �WetSX. ��. �~ liqTP ±Yc WrWig_kO. �2. Æ� VWQRST-

eX� qrqig�kOP.

IV. !"2"(/`/%" �, 2, 5, 8, �� / �2 (2"@+)b"./', B".''

("2a"4%.K" a)2BK .$ $)2/&%.K", a)2BK "@/.&%-"..)-

,) #/&+$ .$ a)2BK B.)b"&%-"..),), / .$)*)2)%.

��0

2"?) 4 3

Perfectum activi ,+$,)+)- & ."BKB/ )&.)-$B/ (2",D+'2.)" )*2$J)-$-./"); )*2$J)-$./" )&.)- (2$--/+L.K3 ,+$,)+)-.

�TQrtP & @-)6.KB $44DJ$%/-)B. |rQ-PfU & /.a/./%/-)B; r¨ WTQrtP, [qXk~P YiwP & $44DJ$%/-)B.

Perfectum activi RQ3R8Q87 4 B=NONC 84B873NC

(9=RyQ:9B8= 8@93A873BC=)

A ,+$,)+)- & )&.)-)6 .$ JD*.)6 J-D4 )*2$JD"%&' &+$-

*K6 ("2a"4% (D%"B (2/&)"@/."./' 4 D@-)"..)6 )&.)-"

&Daa/4&$ -\- / &))%-"%&%-D0C/3 )4).#$./6 *"J &)"@/-

./%"+L.),) ,+$&.),). �D*.)6 J-D4 4).�$ )&.)-K ("2"@ -

\ -K($@$"%. 9$(2/B"2: \TµNsO (2/.)&/%L ()&.)-$ \T-

µQY-) � \r\fµQ\X, q^µPgsO 0=4(?%C&A ()&.)-$ q^µPXY-) �

qrqZµPX\X.

A ,+$,)+)-, )&.)-$ 4)%)2K3 )4$.#/-$"%&' .$ J$@."'-

JK#.K6 /+/ ,D*.)6 J-D4, &+$*K6 (("2-K6) ("2a"4% ."

)*2$JD"%&'. ò)+L`/.&%-) /J ./3 ." /B""% ./ &+$*),),

./ &/+L.),) ("2a"4%$, .) ."4)%)2K" )*2$JD0% &/+L.K6

(-%)2)6) ("2a"4%. !2/ )*2$J)-$.// -%)2),) ("2a"4%$

&Daa/4& -\- )%&D%&%-D"%, $ 4)."#.K" J-D4/ )&.)-K +/*)

)&%$0%&' ."/JB"..KB/, +/*) -K&%D($0% - (2/@K3$-

%"+L.)B -$2/$.%".

I)."#.K" J-D4/ )&.)-K ." /JB".'0%&', 4$4 (2$-/+),

- 4)2.'3 & @)+,/B/ ,+$&.KB/ /+/ @/a%).,$B/, .$(2/-

B"2: \igsO «42/#$%L» ()&.)-$ \iÔq-) � \]\iÔqX, �rZqO

@$?(&A ()&.)-$ �r^q-) � W]�r^qX. :JB".'0% b" J-).-

4/6 / ,+D3)6 4)."#.K6 &),+$&.K6 .$ (2/@K3$%"+L.K6

��

,+$,)+K & )@.)&+)b.)6 42$%4)6 )&.)-)6, 4$4 SiN�O

&$4$&A ()&.)-$ SiQ�-) � S]SiQ�X, �qO ()&.)-$ [q-) � �_X,

/+/ @-D&+)b.K" & @)+,/B ,+$&.KB, 4$4 YQ�\O =4$.+$-

!"9(&A ()&.)-$ YQO\-) � YrYNO_X. !) {%)BD )*2$J�D )*-

2$JD0% ("2a"4% / ."4)%)2K" @2D,/" ,+$,)+K: [eegSSO

5$%C&A ()&.)-$ [eeXq-) � ±eeX_X. H%@"+L.K" ,+$,)+K

/&()+LJD0% )*" -)JB)b.)&%/: WigSSO !$+(&A ()&.)-$

WiXq-) � W]WiXqX, W]WiX_X.

5 ."4)%)2K3 &+D#$'3 ,+$,)+ /B""% @-" a)2BK ("2-

a"4%$ (&+$*D0 / &/+L.D0) & 2$J.KB/ J.$#"./'B/, .$-

(2/B"2: WrNkO 0@$?!(&A ()&.)-$ WrQk-, WTQk-) � W]WrQ-

\X C (0?$) 0@$!)+ (&+$*K6 ("2a"4% &) J.$#"./"B 2"-

JD+L%$%$), W]WTQkX C (0?$) 0@$?!$% (&/+L.K6 ("2a"4%

&) J.$#"./"B &)&%)'./').

?(2'b"./" ,+$,)+)- & ."BKB/ )&.)-$B/ - $4%/-.)B

("2a"4%" )@/.$4)-) &) &(2'b"./"B ,+$,)+)- & ,+$&.K-

B/ )&.)-$B/. >$+"" (2/-)@/%&' )*2$J"� &(2'b"./'

,+$,)+$ qig�O =).(&A ()&.)-$ qiX�-).

Indicativus Infinitivus

Sg.� q]qiX�X C (0?$) %(=).(+

qrqiX�]PXQ @<&A %(=).(9B)5

2 q]qiX�rU &< (0?$) %(=).(+

3 q]qiX�r(P) "% (0?$) %(=).(+

Participium

Pl. � qrqig�XµrP 5< (0?$) %(=).(+)

qrqiX��U (0?$) %(=).(9B)7

2 qrqig�XSr 9< (0?$) %(=).(+)

q]qiX�^tX (0?$) %(=).(9B(C

3 qrqig�XRQ(P) "%) (0?$) %(=).(+)

qrqiX�fU (0?$) %(=).(9B$$

��2

/#*'%01#1

�. !2/ ,+$,)+$3 &) J.$#"./'B/ !$+(&A, %(><9(&A, .-)-

&(&A, )>@)4(&A (4),)-+/*) 4"B-+/*)) - @2"-.",2"#"&4)B

'JK4" &%$-/%&' @-)6.)6 -/./%"+L.K6 ($@"b (accusati-

vus duplex). 9$(2/B"2, (2/ ,+$,)+" WTQ]O !$+(&A:

� WeT�STU uµwU VPNTSr S^�eT§U WTQrt � @",(&.&9" )%"-

,!( !$+($& %(. .+$=<5).

H@/. -/./%"+L.K6 ($@"b J@"&L '-+'"%&' -/./%"+L.KB

(2'B),) @)()+."./', $ -%)2)6 � {%) -/./%"+L.K6 /B"-

./ &4$JD"B),). 5 +$%/.&4)B 'JK4" - %$4)B &+D#$" %$4b"

&%$-/%&' @-)6.)6 -/./%"+L.K6 ($@"b, $ - 2D&&4)B � -/-

./%"+L.K6 ($@"b @)()+."./' / %-)2/%"+L.K6 ($@"b

/B"./ &4$JD"B),).

2. !2/ (2/+$,$%"+L.K3 &) J.$#"./"B +"9')7, .="."@%<7,

=4),"!%<7, ?$+(D�)7 @"+$%L #%)-+/*) (/+/ & (2)%/-)-

()+)b.KB J.$#"./"B) &%$-/%&' /.a/./%/- @+' -K2$-

b"./' %),), - 4$4)B )%.)`".// (2"@B"% /+/ +/�) )*-

+$@$"% @$..KB 4$#"&%-)B (infinitivus limitationis � )%-

*)%)&)9 ",4(%)-$%)C). 5 2D&&4)B 'JK4" (2/ %$4/3 (2/-

+$,$%"+L.K3 %$4b" &%$-/%&' /.a/./%/-:

YrQP~U e]qrQP &()&)*.K6 ,)-)2/%L, /&4D&.K6 )2$%)2.

3. !2/ -K2$b"./'3 g� TLIgkH / XsUh�H Ve�H !$+(&A

!"@4" ('"50-+)@") &%$-/%&' 7CBC5=Q6BOE D3]=p (2'-

B),) @)()+."./':

[qXk~P YiwRXQ S®P WfeQP .!$+(&A !"@4" ,"4"!0.

5/./%"+L.KB ($@"b)B D(2$-+'0% %$4b" / -K2$b"./'

\X\�U WTQrtP / \X\~P YiwP =4)-)%C&A >+" ('"50-+)@").

��3

$O4�CE 934c7=5 3^CB4P8E ]=N8P935CC

D9C [=9CPQ= (c 460 R. ]8 ".d.)

��P T¨P �riR�P V\ S¢U ÄeegYTU VâmQµµ]POP ³Yr

S�P WrP¤SOP SQP�U YQre]_kcRXPÇ �°TQPÀ VâmN�XµrP ST§U

�Xi�giTÛ V\ S¢U uµrS]iXU q¢UÇ \TQPÀ S®P WXSiNYX [W-

ceeg_XµrP S�P ¥�iQRS�PÇ \TQPÀ S� RSiXSrZµXSX XyS�P

\XSX\r\f�XµrP \X� S�U PX�U YrYZ\XµrP Þ rhU S�U S¢U

�RNXU [\S�U YrYQ�_XµrP. �N T¨P [�QT�µrP; |N\XQTP ¾P

rjc uµwU S�P XyS�P [i_�P \X� SQµ�P µrS]_rQP STtU

WeT^RQOS]iTQU \X� ryqrPrRS]iTQU�.

�y WTee� £RSriTP SX�SX YQrW]WiX\ST, µRSr \X� STtU

W]PcRQP V�¢P �Têr^SXtU Þ YQ\XRSXtU Þ �i_T^RQ qrP]-

RkXQ. |Q]WiX�r Y� ST�ST µgeQRSX � �riQ\e¢U, ryqrP®U

[P®i µRWri °erQRk]PcU, [ee� WTe§ YcµTSQ\�SriTU.

�kXZµXsr WXtU lSQ îP ST§U WXi� SÀ }XeXµtPQ PQ\�PSXU,

µgeQRSX Y� ST§U PXZSXU, TÝ V\rt S®P WXSiNYX [PYirNOU

VWr�êg_rRXP. �fSr T¨P cyYXQµfPQRrP X¥SfP, �SQ �kc-

PXtTP XyS~P u SZ_c WrWTQc\^tX rjc. þRSriTP \XS� VPQX^-

S~P RSiXScq~U îP VRSiXSrZrST WifU Sr �eeTÛ \X� ST§U

�X\rYXQµTPNTÛ. |rQP~U îP e]qrQP \X� RSiXScqrtP YcµX-

qOq~U Vq]PrST �iQRSTU, \X� � Y¢µTU ¥W� XyST� �qµ]PTU

V¹c�NsrST, ½ V\rtPTU R^Pr�r�TêrZ\rQ. ÿP �iX, ©U q]-

qiX�r ÐT^\^YNYcU, efqª µ�P YcµT\iXSNX, liqª Y� ¥W~

ST� Wi�ST^ [PYi~U [i_¤.

�£SOU XyST� R^µ�TêrZRXPSTU S]SX\SXQ WgPSXU

ST§U �Têr^S�U \X� YQ\XRS�U \X� �i_TPSXU \eciT�RkXQ,

ÒPX WwU �kcPXtTU S¢U WTeQSrNXU µrS]_rQP YZPXQST. �X�SX

YQXWrWiX_ÍU � lPYT�TU YcµXqOq~U WTeQSrNXP [eck�U

YcµTSQ\®P \XSrR\r^X\]PXQ PTµNsOP ³Y] WOU r¡WrPÇ ��y-

Yr�U l_OP SQ [qXk~P YiwRXQ S®P WfeQP WrPNo \r\�e^SXQ.

��4

ØµrtU Y� µfPTQ S~P µcY�P S�P WTeQSQ\�P µrS]_TPSX Ty\

[WigqµTPX, [ee� [_irtTP PTµNsTµrP. |Q� ST�ST e]qO

S®P uµrS]iXP WfeQP S¢U ÄeegYTU WXNYr^RQP r¡PXQ�.

>*(0?6'

�qcRNeXTU � �XRQer§U [WTkPçR\OP ST§U �NeTÛ V\]-

er^RrP rh\fPX ²X^ST� µ® WTQ¢RXQ. �¿h q�i \XefP SQ W]-

WiX_X, � l�c, � ST�Sf µTQ µPcµrtfP VRSQPÇ rh Y� µcY]P,

TyY� WgPSrU T� [PYiQgPSrU�.

3(01#0%

\XSX\fWSO /J2D*/%L

� �Têr^S¤U, T� &)-"%./4 u SZ_c, cU &+D#$6, D#$&%L

� YcµXqOqfU, T� .$2)@.K6 -)b@L, @"B)42$%/#"&4/6 +/@"2 (.4. !$5(,",)

ShFwG (2/D#$%L; VkNsTµXQ (2/-K4$%L

WOU (¨%'+.) 4$4-./*D@L

u rh\�P, fPTU 4$2%/.$, /J)-*2$b"./"

\ecifO .$J.$#$%L (/J*/-2$%L) () b2"*/0

S~ µPcµrtTP, T^ ($B'%./4

u WXNYr^RQU, rOU -)&(/%$-./", )*D#"./"

[_irtTU, TP *"&()+"J.K6 [WigqµOP, TPTU ." J$.'-

%K6 @"+)B, ([email protected]; ." %2"*D0C/6 %2D@)-

45 ,676&6 8%7('%

�ZVZHtPpXSU � lSUP[\ lSm �JJUlVM N RSTUHVWS XIY

sVIY� (3'. g, g5)

yFJª xZLTXVUHS eµ�\ sVPWjVUM IGQ eµVd\ lVlIZUilS-

XVa �HHIU lVlIZUilSTUM lSm eµVd\ V~\ X[M l�ZIM SGX]M V~T-

VHKHqsSXV. (�%. 4, 38)

F~\ XIYXI JcP lIZU]µVM lSm xJpMUj�µVsS, �XU �HZWlS-

µVM OZm sV� j]MXU, �\ OTXUM TpX�P ZiMXpM xMsP�ZpM µi-

HUTXS ZUTX]M. (g :)5. 4, g0)

��5

¢£ `{ ÅMXp\ QtPS lSm µVµIMpµLMK �HZUlVM OZm sV[M lSm

ZPITµLMVU XSd\ `VtTVTUM lSm XSd\ ZPITV_QSd\ M_lX[\ lSm

NµLPS\, N `{ TZSXSH]TS j]TS XLsMKlVM. (g :)5. 5, 5)

� \XQifU, T� .$@+"b$C"" -2"B'

VqqNsO (2/*+/b$%L, (2/-*+/b$%L&'

[WTRS]eeO, aor. [W]RSrQeX ()&K+$%L

kriNsO b$%L, &)*/2$%L D2)b$6

\TWQgO %'b"+) %2D@/%L&' u _¤iX, XU -@)-$

rhR]i_TµXQ, pf. rhRre¤e^kX -3)@/%L

µTPfO )&%$-+'%L - )@/.)-#"&%-"

WiTRµ]PO )&%$-$%L&', (2"-*K-$%L

RWXSXegO (2"@$-$%L&' .$-&+$b@"./'B

kP¤R\O, pf. S]kPc\X DB/-2$%L

45 96&61$:;(*#.

�¢U P^\S~U YQrekTZRcU ±qqQ\rP u uµ]iX \X� S~ ��U

S� \fRµª VW]eXµ¹r� (�2)($2L /J B)+/%- D%2"../3

&)-2"B"..),) ,2"#"&4),) B)+/%-)&+)-$)

<="%;*(*#.

I. H*2$JD6%" )% ,+$,)+)- q^µPgsO, ÓWSO, \ciZSSO #"-

%K2" $4%/-.K3 /.a/./%/-$ / (2/#$&%/' (@+' -&"3 %2"3

2)@)-). !"2"-"@/%" /3 .$ 2D&&4/6 'JK4.

II. !"2"-"@/%" &+"@D0C/" $)2/&%.K" a)2BK / )*2$-

JD6%" &))%-"%&%-D0C/" ("2a"4%.K" a)2BK: \XS]\T-

¹rP � V\¤i^�XP � VqZµPXRXU � Wig�XPSrU � Ó¹XRX �

�eg¹XU � ¹r�RXQ (2) � VY]�XPST � VR\]¹XRkr � kX^µg-

RXQrP �P � V�P \TµNR� � �qgqrSr.

III. !"2"-"@/%", )*2$C$' )&)*)" -./B$./" .$ D()%2"*-

+"./" /.a/./%/-)- / (2/#$&%/6: �. �� µ�P YrQPTN rhRQ

e]qrQP, T� Y� WigSSrQP. 2. �i�P e]qrQP Yrt Rr �r�Têr�-

��6

RkXQ. 3. ¬ YcµQTîq~U vRkc S~ liqTP \Xe�U WrWiX_�U.

4. ¬ RSiXScq~U e]qrQ S®P S�P VPXPSNOP Sg�QP YQX\r\T-

�]PXQ \X� YrYQO_]PXQ. 5. ÐrµQRST\e¢U �SQµgRkc ©U �r-

�eX�ÍU S~ �RS^. 6. !Q ¾P VWQSrSXqµ]PTP í Wri� ST�Yr

ST� WigqµXSTU rhWrtP, rhW]SO. 7. �riQ\e¢U S®P WTeQSrNXP

r¨ SrSX_ÍU V�XNPrST. 8. �T§U Wi�STÛ PfµTÛ STtU �kc-

PXNTQU qrqiX�]PXQ e]qrSXQ � |ig\OP. 9. ¬ q]iOP \XNWri

S~ [iqZiQTP \r\i^�ÍU VRê¤kc.

��7

2"?) 4 4

1)2/&%.K" / ("2a"4%.K" )&.)-K ."4)%)2K3 ."(2$-/+L.K3 ,+$,)-+)- (J$@."'JK#.K" / ,D*.K" )&-.)-K).

/89C45BO= C D=9^=P5BO= 84B87O

B=P8589O\ B=D937CQ6BO\ RQ3R8Q87

(A3]B=:AO>BO= C Ry@BO= 84B87O)

Aoristus II et futurum II passivi

I$4 Db" D4$JK-$+)&L - D2)4" 4�, D ),2$./#"..),)

#/&+$ ,+$,)+)- & )&.)-)6 .$ J$@."'JK#.K6 /+/ ,D*.)6

J-D4 )*2$JD"%&' &/+L.K6 (-%)2)6) ($&&/-.K6 $)2/&% (%)

"&%L )*2$JD0C/6 a)2BK *"J &),+$&.),) &Daa/4&$, /&-

()+LJD' ,+$&.K6 &Daa/4& -c-). H% %"3 b" ,+$,)+)- )*2$-

JD"%&' / &/+L.)" (-%)2)") ($&&/-.)" *D@DC"" -2"B' (D-

%"B (2/&)"@/."./' 4 )&.)-" &/+L.),) (-%)2),)) $)2/&%$

& &Daa/4&)B -c- ()4$J$%"+' *D@DC",) -2"B"./ -R-, &)-

"@/./%"+L.K3 ,+$&.K3 -T- / -r- / )4).#$./6 B"@/$+L.)-

,) J$+),$. d%/ ,+$,)+K, J$ 2"@4/B /&4+0#"./"B, /B"0%

)@.)&+)b.D0 )&.)-D & 42$%4/B ,+$&.KB. �$4)-K, .$-

(2/B"2 ,+$,)+K: qig�O ()&.)-$ qi"�-) =).(&A � aoris-

tus pass. Vqig�cP, futurum pass. qiX�¤RTµXQ; kgWSO

=",4$@(&A ()&.)-$ S"�-) � aor. pass. VSg�cP, fut. pass. SX-

�¤RTµXQ; \fWSO ()&.)-$ \TW-) 40@)&A � aor. pass. V\f-

WcP, fut. pass. \TW¤RTµXQ.

9"4)%)2K" ,+$,)+K B),D% /B"%L () @-" a)2BK )%

)&.)-K ($&&/-.),) $)2/&%$: &/+L.D0 / &+$*D0, #$C"

��8

*"J /JB"."./' J.$#"./', .$(2/B"2: [eegSSO ()&.)-$

[eeXq-) )>5$%C&A � aor. pass. �eegqcP / �eeg_kcP,

fut. pass. [eeXq¤RTµXQ / [eeX_k¤RTµXQ; �egWSO ()&.)-

-$ �eX�-) 94$!)&A � aor. pass. V�eg�cP / V�eg�kcP, fut.

pass. �eX�¤RTµXQ; We¤SSO ()&.)-$ Wecq-, WeXq-) 0!(-

4C&A, @)&A � aor. pass. VWe¤qcP, 2"b" VWe¤_kcP, fut.

pass. Wecq¤RTµXQ, .) & (2/&%$-4)6: V\We¤SSO ="4(-

?(&A � aor. pass. V�rWegqcP, fut. pass. V\WeXq¤RTµXQ;

(Rê)e]qO ()&.)-$ (Rê)erq-) ."@)4(&A � aor. pass.

(R^P)re]qcP / (R^P)re]_kcP, fut. pass. (Rê)erq¤RTµXQ.

H%@"+L.K" ,+$,)+K (2/ )*2$J)-$.// )&.)-K ($&-

&/-.),) $)2/&%$ /JB".'0% 4)2."-)6 ,+$&.K6: RSi]�O

="9"4(-)9(&A ()&.)-$ RSir�-) � aor. pass. VRSig�cP, fut.

pass. RSiX�¤RTµXQ; Si]WO ="9"4(-)9(&A ()&.)-$ SirW-) �

aor. pass. VSigWcP, VSi]�kcP, fut. pass. SiXW¤RTµXQ; Si]-

�O '"45)&A ()&.)-$ Sir�-) � aor. pass. VSig�cP, Vki]�-

kcP, fut. pass. SiX�¤RTµXQ.

?(2'b"./" ,+$,)+)- - &/+L.)B (-%)2)B) ($&&/-.)B

$)2/&%" ()+.)&%L0 &)-($@$"% &) &(2'b"./"B ,+$,)+)- -

&+$*)B (("2-)B) ($&&/-.)B $)2/&%" (&B. D2)4 38).

Perfectum et plusquamperfectum II activi

!2/ )*2$J)-$.// )&.)-K &/+L.),) ("2a"4%$ .$*+0-

@$"%&' #"2"@)-$./" ,+$&.K3 - )&.)-" (r > T, rQ > TQ, X > c),

(2"@&%$-+"..)" - a)2B$3 ("2a"4%$ / (+0&4-$B("2a"4-

%$: RSi]�O ="9"4(-)9(&A ()&.)-$ RSir�-) � perf. lRSiT-

�X, plusquamperf. VRSif�rQP; Si]�O '"45)&A ()&.)-$

Sir�-) � perf. S]SiT�X, plusquamperf. VSrSif�rQP; erNWO

".&(9+C&A ()&.)-$ eQW-) � perf. e]eTQWX, plusquamperf.

VereTNWrQP. :B"0%&' ,+$,)+K *"J %$4),) #"2"@)-$./':

��9

We]\O =+$.&) ()&.)-$ Wer\-) � perf. W]Wer_X, plus-

quamperf. VWrWe]_rQP.

5 2'@" ,+$,)+)- &)#"%$"%&' /JB"."./" ,+$&.),) )&.)-

-K / $&(/2$�/': Si]WO ="9"4(-)9(&A ()&.)-$ SirW-) �

perf. S]SiT�X, plusquamperf. VSrSif�rQP; W]µWO =".<-

+(&A ()&.)-$ W]µW-) � perf. W]WTµ�X, plusquamperf. VWr-

Wfµ�rQP; e]qO ."@)4(&A ()&.)-$ erq-) > perf. r¡eT_X,

plusquamperf. rhef_rQP. A ()&+"@.",) ,+$,)+$ (4$4 / D

."4)%)2K3 @2D,/3, .$#/.$0C/3&' & (+$-.),) J-D4$,

-B"&%) D@-)"./' /B""%&' rQ-).

Perfectum # plusquamperfectum II medii-passivi

=.),/" ,+$,)+K )*2$JD0% a)2BK )% )&.)-K B"@/-

$+L.)-($&&/-.),) ("2a"4%$, ),+$&)-4$ 4)%)2)6 ." &)--

($@$"% & ),+$&)-4)6 $4%/-.),) ("2a"4%$, $ /B"..),

/B"0% /+/ ),+$&)-4D r, /+/ ),+$&)-4D ": erNWO ".&(9-

+C&A � perf. act. e]eTQWX, perf. med.-pass. e]erQµµXQ, plus-

quamperf. med.-pass. VererNµµcP; Si]WO ="9"4(-)9(&A �

perf. act. S]SiT�X, perf. med.-pass. S]SiXµµXQ, plusquam-

perf. med.-pass. VSrSigµµcP.

A ,+$,)+)- Si]�O '"45)&A ()&.)-$ *kir�-) / kgWSO

/"4"%)&A ()&.)-$ *kX�-) (2/ )*2$J)-$.// B"@/$+L.)-

($&&/-.),) ("2a"4%$ / ."4)%)2K3 @2D,/3 -2"B"..K3

a)2B (2)/&3)@/% ("2"@-/b"./" (2/@K3$%"+L.)&%/ -

4)2.": Si]�O �fut. act. ki]¹O, aor. act. lkir¹X, perf. act.

S]SiT�X, perf. med.-pass. S]kiXµµXQ, aor. pass. VSig�cP

/ Vki]�kcP; kgWSO�fut. act. kg¹O, aor. act. lkX¹X, perf.

act. S]SX�X, perf. med.-pass. S]kXµµXQ, aor. pass. VSg�cP.

A ,+$,)+$ .=(.(&A (2/ )*2$J)-$.// a)2B B"@/$+L-

.)-($&&/-.),) ("2a"4%$ /&()+LJD0%&' @-$ -$2/$.%$ )&-

.)-K RªY- / RO-: R]RªRµXQ / R]ROµXQ.

�20

C'1':=$(*#. 6' *6"@+

7 69"%567%*## ="#"%D(*#.

I$4 Db" D4$JK-$+)&L - D2)4" 40, ."4)%)2K" @2"-."-

,2"#"&4/" ,+$,)+K, 4)%)2K" .$#/.$0%&' & r-, /B"0% -

(2/2$C".// rQ- ($ ." c-). :J ,+$,)+)- & ,D*.KB/ )&.)-

-$B/ &0@$ )%.)&/%&' ,+$,)+ ÉWTµXQ .+$!"9(&A (imperf. �

r�WfµcP, aor. � ²RWfµcP).

E(01'

�. ·rqgecU RSiXSQwU RêerqrNRcU ä]i�cU rhU S®P Äe-

egYX ©iµ¤kc. 2. ��P WXi� SÀ }XeXµtPQ Äee¤POP T�

�kcPXtTQ S�U WerNRSXU PX�U R^PrQef_rRXP. 3. �g\XQPg

SQU [\TZRXRX, �SQ � ^�~U RrROµ]PTU V\ S¢U µg_cU Wr�r^-

qÍU rjc, lqiX¹rP XyS�Ç ��]qT^RN SQPrU, �SQ W]�r^qXUÇ Þ

lerq�TP V\rNPTÛ ©U ¹rZYc e]qTPSXU Þ SrerZSX S~P

�NTP�. 4. Ø [\ifWTeQU VP S� WTe]µª \XSX\r\X^µ]Pc

¥W~ �riQ\e]TÛ rhU µ]qX �ri~P �eegqc. 5. ØiX\e¢U WgP-

SOP S�P WfPOP [WXeeXqr�U ¥W~ |Q~U rhU S~P TyiXP~P

±_kc. 6. °iTtRTU YQ� WXPS~U ST� �NT^ r¨ WrWiXqÍU S]eTU

WTee� \X\� lWXkrP. 7. è\SOi ¥W� �_Qee]OU YfiXSQ

Wecqr�U lWrRrPÇ T� Y� �i�rU hR_î�U V\WeXq]PSrU r¡YTP

S~P �iQRSTP �PYiX Srer^S�PSX. 8. �� ST� |QTPZRT^ Ói-

µXSQ rÒWTPST RgSîTQ. 9. �� è\STiQ �rZqTPSQ ÉRWrST

�_Qeer§U XÒµXSTU VWQk^µ�P. �0. �X^RXPNXU ¥W~ S�P

V�fiOP ©U WiTYfScU YQO_kr�U S®P }WgiScP VereTNWrQÇ

rhU PX~P l�^qr \X� V\rt eQµ� [W]kXPrP. ��. �� PYiQTQ

YrQP�U V\TegRkcRXP, �SQ µfPTQ S�P PcRQOS�P _i¤µXSX

Ty\ VWrWfµ�rRXP. �2. °iTtRTU S~P }feOPX µrSrW]µ¹X-

ST, ÒPX kX^µgR� ST§U ST� �XRQe]OU kcRXîTZU. �3. ��

�2�

�kcPXtTQ V�rWegqcRXP µXkfPSrU S®P S�P Ã�POP YZPX-

µQP ¥W~ S�P �riR�P \XSX\TW¢PXQ. �4. ÖW~ S�P �Xi�g-

iOP VP SXtU �k¤PXQU u �ri� VeXNX [Wr\fWcÇ [ee� u �kc-

Pw P]TP kXee~P l�^RrP. �5. éRSQU ¾P STtU R�XeriTtU \X-

\�P [Pki�WOP efqTQU WQRSrZR�, VP �iX_rt _ifPª µrqg-

eX �eX�¤RrSXQ. �6. �� }feOPTU PfµTQ rhU �êNPXU RXPN-

YXU qiX�¢PXQ e]qTPSXQ. �7. ¬ [qXk�P WTeQS�P PT�U [r�

S]SiXWSXQ Wi~U S� Y]TPSX. �8. ÆhR_ifP VRSQP VP ryS^_No

Wi~U £�iQP SiXW¢PXQ. �9. ùºOµZeTU \X� ùº¢µTU ¥W~ e -̂

\XNPcU SiX�¢PXQ Ve]qTPSTÇ £RSriTP Y� WTQµ]PrU ST§U

WXtYXU cÅiTP \X� lkir¹XP. 20. �y\ lRSQ S¢U kir¹gRcU

uYNOP _�iX. 2�. �� kcPXtTQ µ]qX V�ifPT^P VP Ver k̂r-

iNo SrkiXµµ]PTQ. 22. |Q\XNOU T� èeecPrU µrS� S®P VP

�eXSXQXtU PN\cP uqT�PST ST§U YrQPTSgSTÛ \QPYZPTÛ

S¢U ÄeegYTU [WrRSiT�]PXQ ([WrRSig�kXQ). 23. ä]i�cU

VP P� r¡_rP �ecP S®P ÄeecPQ\®P q¢P \XSXRSi]¹XRkXQ.

24. �� ÐrµQRST\e]TÛ ¯RSw ¥W~ �NeOP VP SÀ S¢U �SSQ\¢U

[\SÀ egkio SX�¢PXQ e]qrSXQ W]iXP S¢U }XeXµtPTU, TÅ

V\rtPTU \XeeNRScP PN\cP VPrPQ\¤\rQ. 25. �TeeT� S�P VP-

Yf�OP �kcPXNOP l�O S¢U WXSiNYTU SrkXµµ]PTQ rhRNP. 26.

×Zµ�XQ S~ Ã\giT^ R�µX lkX¹XP VP P¤Rª, õ £RSriTP

V\e¤kc Ã\XiNX. 27. ¸rQYNXU S~ _i^RT�P ST� |Q~U �qXeµX

rhiqgRXST VP SÀ óe^µWNoÇ WgPSrU Y� T� èeecPrU VPfµQ-

sTP S~P Sr_PNScP eXµWifSXSTP liqTP rhiqgRkXQ.

3(01#0%

u �g\XQPX, cU &($2%$.4$

Ve]q_O D+/#$%L, -K@$-$%L

S~ Yfi^, YfiXSTU 4)(L" �TLµUI &+"@)-$%L � RgSîTU, T^ &$%/2

S~ X µX, XSTU 42)-L (.4. (%$5)C, ,$5",+"@)%, +$7'$5)C)

� eQµfU, T� ,)+)@

[WT\fWSO )%2D*$%L

�22

�ZO .$&$b@$%L, -K2$C/--$%L; med. �ZTµXQ (aor. l�^P) 2)b@$%L&'

KeZ_G 4)2B/%L, -)&(/%K--$%L

� WTQµ¤P, ]PTU ($&%D3 (.4. E)5$%)

[WTRSi]�O ()-)2$#/-$%L, )%-2$C$%L (.4. (=".&4"*)

hmTKG 3)2)./%L

W]iXP () %D &%)2).D L� ,@" l�O -."

� |QfP^RTU, T^ >/)./& � ùºOµZeTU, T^ <)BD+

� ùº¢µTU, T^ <"B

u eZ\XQPX, cU -)+#/�$

� kXeefU, T� )%(2K&4, ()-*",

u RXPNU, NYTU @)&4$

45 ,676&6 8%7('%

yFZV�iMK JcP N QiPU\ XIY sVIY TpXtPUI\ Z�TUM xMsP�-

ZIU\� (:)&. 2, gg)

yÆÌ� µ_TXtPUIM eµdM HLJpa ZiMXV\ IG lIUµKsKT�µVsS,

ZiMXV\ `{ xHHSJKT�µVsS, OM xX�µ�, OM ÇUZ� o�sSHµIY,

OM X� OTQiX� TiHZUJJUa TSHZWTVU JcP lSm I| MVlPIm OJVP-

stTIMXSU ��sSPXIU lSm NµVd\ xHHSJKT�µVsS. (g 2"4. g5,

5g-52)

�SGX[\ � lqPUI\ OM lVHVqTµSXU, OM �pM� xPQSJJLHI_

lSm OM TiHZUJJU sVIY, lSXSRtTVXSU xZ� IGPSMIY lSm I| MV-

lPIm OM ¡PUTX� xMSTXtTIMXSU ZP]XIM, nZVUXS NµVd\ I|

j]MXV\ I| ZVPUHVUZ�µVMIU ¯µS T�M SGXId\ �PZSJKT�µVsS

OM MV�LHSU\ V~\ xZiMXKTUM XIY l_PWI_ V~\ xLPSa lSm I³Xp\

ZiMXIXV T�M l_PW� OT�µVsS. (g �$.. 4, g6-g7)

VWQ�XNPO, pass. aor. 2 VWr�g-PcP '-+'%L&'

ROS¤iQTU, TP &($&/%"+L.K6 \TQµgTµXQ, pass. aor. 3 V\TQ-

µ¤kcP DB/2$%L [eegSSO, pass. fut. [eeXq¤-

RTµXQ /JB".'%L&' VP [Sfµª B,.)-"..)

VP iQWÀ ¯�kXeµT� -) B,.)--"./" )4$

u RgeWQq�, QqqTU %2D*$ RXeWNsO %2D*/%L VqrNiO, pass. fut. Vqrik¤RT-

µXQ (2)*Db@$%L, -)&-42"`$%L

��kXiSTU, TP ."%+"..K6

�23

S~ \]er^RµX, XSTU ()-"+"-./", (2/4$J

[PNRScµQ, fut. [PXRS¤RO -)&&%$-+'%L, -)&42"`$%L

WriQerNWO )&%$-$%L&' - b/--K3

[iWgsO 3-$%$%L, ()3/C$%L u Pr�]ec, cU )*+$4) u [WgPScRQU, rOU -&%2"#$ � [¤i, []iTU -)J@D3

45 96&61$:;(*#.

�P SÀ �i^kip kXegRR� S¢U [WrQiTqgµT^ ×Zµ�cU rh-

\ÍP YQrqig�c WTS]� (>),B$%/4 5 ,+$&$)

�RSXî�kcU, VSg�cU, ÜiQRS], ©U ��Tê¤kcU� (?%/-

3/2K .$ 3-$+/%"3 -)&42"&.K", ,+$& 2)

Vi^kifU, g, fP 42$&.K6 u PZµ�c, cU ."-"&%$

[WrQifqXµTU, TP (=">!.) ."-/&4D&)*2$#.K6

<="%;*(*#.

I. H(2"@"+/%" a)2BK: R^P]er�r, R^PrNeT_r � Wecq¤-

RTPSXQ, V\WeXq¤RTPSXQ � R^Pre]qcRXP, YQre]_kcRXP �

eTQWgU, e]eTQWXU � ÉWrRkr, ÉRWrRkr � qig�rQU, qiX�rNU �

ViqXRfµrPTQ, ViqXRgµrPTQ, rhiqXRµ]PTQ.

II. H(2"@"+/%" a)2BK / ("2"(/`/%" /3, B".'' "@/.&%-

-"..)" #/&+) .$ B.)b"&%-"..)", / .$)*)2)%: Si]�OP,

Si]WOP, S]iWOP � ki]¹OP, Si]¹OP � Si]¹XU, ki]¹XU �

S]SiXWSXQ, S]kiXWSXQ � SiXWrNU, RSiX�rNU, SiX�rNU � Sr-

SiT��U (2), VRSiT��U � SrSigµµrkX, SrkigµµrkX � VS]-

kiXWST, VS]SiXWST � kgWSOP, SrSX�]PXQ, S]kXWSXQ,

SX�¤RrSXQ, kg¹XQ (3).

�24

2"?) 4 5

Futurum contractum ,+$,)+)- .$ -NsO; )*2$J)-$./" a)2B ,+$,)+)- & JD*.KB/ )&.)-$B/. H%,+$,)+L-.K" (2/+$,$%"+L.K".

?@93A873BC= ^89N RQ3R8Q87

4 Ay@BONC 84B873NC

8+$,)+K & )&.)-$B/ .$ JD*.K" &),+$&.K" 4)."#.KB

J-D4)B )&.)-K /B"0% Y, S, k, .$(2/B"2: #YO, [rNYO ()&-

.)-$ $Y-, [rQY-) =$&A, [PZSO, [PZO ()&.)-$ [P^S-, [P^-)

."9$4B(&A, YrNYO ()&.)-$ YrQY-) @"C&A.C, WrNkO ()&.)-$

WQk-/WrQk-/WTQk-) 0@$?!(&A. <",D+'2.)" )*2$J)-$./"

*D@DC",) -2"B"./ / $)2/&%$ $4%/-.),) / B"@/$+L.),)

J$+),)- {%/3 ,+$,)+)- 2$&&B$%2/-$+)&L - D2)4" 20, *D-

@DC",) -2"B"./ / $)2/&%$ ($&&/-.),) J$+),$ � - D2)4"

4�, B"@/$+L.)-($&&/-.),) ("2a"4%$ / (+0&4-$B("2-

a"4%$ � - D2)4" 42, $ ("2a"4%$ / (+0&4-$B("2a"4%$ $4-

%/-.),) J$+),$ � - D2)4" 43.

I$4 Db" D4$JK-$+)&L - D2)4" 20, D ."4)%)2K3 ,+$,)-

+)- & ,+$,)+L.)6 )&.)-)6 .$ JD*.)6 J-D4 - .$&%)'C"B

-2"B"./ ()&+" (2/*$-+"./' &Daa/4&$ -Q- )*2$JD0%&'

a)2BK .$ -sO: *q^µPgY-Q-O > q^µPgsO ()&.)-$ q^µPXY-)

0=4(?%C&A, *\TµNY-Q-O > \TµNsO ()&.)-$ \TµQY-) =4)%"-

.)&A. òD@DC"" -2"B' D ,+$,)+)- .$ -sO, 42)B" ,+$,)+)-

.$ -NsO & @-D&+)b.)6 / B.),)&+)b.)6 )&.)-)6, )*2$JD-

"%&' 2",D+'2.) (q^µPgsO 0=4(?%C&A � fut. act.

q^µPgRO, kX^µgsO 0!)9+C&A.C � fut. act. kX^µgRO,

�25

R�sO .=(.(&A � fut. act. R�RO). <",D+'2.) )*2$JD"%&'

).) / D ,+$,)+)- .$ -NsO & )@.)&+)b.)6 )&.)-)6 (R_NsO

4(>!$+C&A � fut. act. R_NRO). A ,+$,)+)- b" .$ -NsO & @-D-

&+)b.)6 / B.),)&+)b.)6 )&.)-)6 )*2$JD"%&' &+/%.)"

*D@DC"" -2"B' (futurum contractum).

Futurum contractum RQ3R8Q87 B3 -FwG

H% ,+$,)+)- .$ -NsO, /B"0C/3 - )&.)-" *)+"" @-D3

&+),)-, )*2$JD"%&' )&)*$' a)2B$ *D@DC",) -2"B"./, .$-

JK-$"B$' futurum contractum (&+/%.)" *D@DC""), /+/

futurum atticum ($%%/#"&4)" *D@DC""). H*2$JD"%&' ).$

(D%"B (2/&)"@/."./' 4 ,+$,)+L.)6 )&.)-" .$ QY- &Da-

a/4&$ -Rr-, (2/ {%)B Y- ("2"@ -R -K($@$"%, -R- )4$J$--

`""&' B"b@D ,+$&.KB/ (-QRr-) %)b" -K($@$"%, $ r- &+/-

-$"%&' &) &+"@D0C/B J$ ./B &)"@/./%"+L.KB ,+$&.KB:

\TµNsO =4)%".)&A ()&.)-$ \TµQY-), fut. \TµQ� (\TµQYR]O >

\TµQR]O > \TµQ]O).

?(2'b"./" %$4),) *D@DC",) -2"B"./ ()+.)&%L0

&)-($@$"% &) &(2'b"./"B &+/%.K3 ,+$,)+)- .$ -]O - .$-

&%)'C"B -2"B"./.

Futurum activi


Sg. � \TµQ]O > \TµQ� \TµQrTNcP > \TµQTNcP

2 \TµQ]rQU > \TµQrtU \TµQrTNcU > \TµQTNcU

3 \TµQ]rQ > \TµQrt \TµQrTNc > \TµQTNc

Pl. � \TµQ]TµrP > \TµQT�µrP \TµQ]TQµrP > \TµQTtµrP

2 \TµQ]rSr > \TµQrtSr \TµQ]TQSr > \TµQTtSr

3 \TµQ]TRQ(P )> \TµQT�RQ(P) \TµQ]TQrP > \TµQTtrP

Infinitivus futuri activi � \TµQ]rQP > \TµQrtP.

�26

Participium futuri activi:

\TµQ]OP > \TµQ�P (gen. sg. \TµQT�PSTU),

\TµQ]T^RX > \TµQT�RX (gen. sg. \TµQTZRcU),

\TµQ]TP > \TµQT�P (gen. sg. \TµQT�PSTU).

Futurum medii


Sg. � \TµQ]TµXQ > \TµQT�µXQ \TµQrTNµcP > \TµQTNµcP

2 \TµQ]�, ]rQ > \TµQÀ, rt \TµQ]TQT > \TµQTtT

3 \TµQ]rSXQ > \TµQrtSXQ \TµQ]TQST > \TµQTtST

Pl. � \TµQrfµrkX> \TµQT�µrkX \TµQrTNµrkX> \TµQTtµrkX

2 \TµQ]rRkr > \TµQrtRkr \TµQ]TQRkr > \TµQTtRkr

3 \TµQ]TPSXQ> \TµQT�PSXQ \TµQ]TQPST > \TµQTtPST

Infinitivus futuri medii � \TµQ]rRkXQ > \TµQrtRkXQ.


\TµQrfµrPTU > \TµQTZµrPTU,

\TµQrTµ]Pc > \TµQT^µ]Pc,

\TµQrfµrPTP > \TµQTZµrPTP.

C'1':=$(*#. 6' *6"@+

7 69"%567%*## ="#"%D(*#.

:J ,+$,)+)- & JD*.KB/ )&.)-$B/, 4)%)2K" .$#/.$-

0%&' & r- / /B"0% - (2/2$C".// rQ- ($ ." c-), &+"@D"%

D4$J$%L ,+$,)+ ViqgsTµXQ 4(@"&(&A (imperf. � rhiqXsf-

µcP, aor. � rhiqXRgµcP, perf. � rjiqXRµXQ).

C'&$%&6$)*+( ="#$%&%'($)*+(

H%,+$,)+L.K" (2/+$,$%"+L.K" (adiectiva verbalia) *K-

-$0% @-D3 -/@)-. !2/+$,$%"+L.K" ("2-),) %/($ )*2$-

JD0%&' (D%"B (2/&)"@/."./' 4 )&.)-" ,+$,)+$ 4)."#-

�27

.K3 {+"B".%)- -SfU, S¤, SfP / /B"0% J.$#"./" /+/ (2/-

#$&%/' (2)`"@`",) -2"B"./ ($&&/-.),) J$+),$ (.$-

(2/B"2, )% ,+$,)+$ [qXWgO +D@)&A � [qXWcSfU 9">-

+D@+$%%<7), /+/ ($&&/-.)6 -)JB)b.)&%/ ([qXWcSfU

&"&, '"&"4"," 5"?%" ="+D@)&A, )% ,+$,)+$ eZO ".9"@"-

?!(&A � e^SfU &"&, '"&"4<7 5"?$& @<&A ".9"@"?!$%).

!2/+$,$%"+L.K" -%)2),) %/($ )*2$JD0%&' (2/&)"@/."-

./"B 4 )&.)-" ,+$,)+$ 4)."#.K3 {+"B".%)- -S]TU, S]X,

S]TP / /B"0% J.$#"./" ($&&/-.),) @)+b".&%-)-$./'

(#%) &))%-"%&%-D"% +$%/.&4)BD ,"2D.@/-D): e^S]TU

&"&, '"&"4<7 !"+?$% @<&A ".9"@"?!$%.

!2/ )*2$J)-$.// )%,+$,)+L.K3 (2/+$,$%"+L.K3

,+$&.K" - &+/%.K3 ,+$,)+$3 D@+/.'0%&' (PQ\gO ="@$?-

!(&A � PQ\cSfU / PQ\cS]TU, \TRµ]O 0'4(B(&A � \TRµc-

SfU / \TRµcS]TU, YcefO C9+C&A � YceOSfU / YceOS]TU),

$ 4)."#.K" J-D4/ &),+$&.K3 )&.)- (2"%"2("-$0% J$4)-

.)B"2.K" a)."%/#"&4/" /JB"."./': ,D*.K" / J$@."'-

JK#.K" ),+D`$0%&' (WigSSO !$+(&A � WiX\SfU /

WiX\S]TU, qig�O =).(&A � qiXWSfU / qiXWS]TU), JD*-

.K" ("2"3)@'% - R (WrNkO 0@$?!(&A � WrQRSfU / WrQR-

S]TU), (+$-.K" e / i )&%$0%&' *"J /JB"."./' ([qq]eeO

.""@�(&A � [qqreSfU / [qqreS]TU), P &)32$.'"%&' /+/

-K($@$"% (\iNPO .0!)&A � \iQSfU / \iQS]TU, �XNPO C9-

+C&A � �XPSfU / �XPS]TU). 5 )@.)&+)b.K3 4)2.'3 (2)-

/&3)@/% #"2"@)-$./" ,+$&.K3 (RWrNiO .$C&A � RWXiSfU

/ RWXiS]TU).

H%,+$,)+L.K" (2/+$,$%"+L.K" &4+).'0%&' 4$4 (2/-

+$,$%"+L.K" %2"3 )4).#$./6 I � II &4+)."./6.

H%,+$,)+L.K" (2/+$,$%"+L.K" B),D% D()%2"*+'%L&'

4$4 - +/#.)6, %$4 / - *"J+/#.)6 4).&%2D4�//. 5 +/#.)6

�28

4).&%2D4�// )./ &),+$&D0%&' & ()@+"b$C/B: � WXS®i

VµT� SQµcS]TU VRSNP "&$# !"+?$% @<&A 5%"D ="-)&($5.

5 *"J+/#.)6 4).&%2D4�// )%,+$,)+L.K" (2/+$,$%"+L-

.K" D()%2"*+'0%&' - &2"@."B 2)@" "@/.&%-"..),) #/&-

+$ / ." &),+$&D0%&' ./ & 4$4/B #+".)B (2"@+)b"./':

S~P WXS]iX VµT� SQµcS]TP VRSNP. H*)J.$#"./" @"6&%-

-D0C",) +/�$ &%$-/%&' - @$%"+L.)B ($@"b".

[9=@O73BC= 7 /^CB3\

(435 R. ]8 ".d.)

°Xk� É\XRSTP VPQX^S~P ST� _rQµ�PTU Srer^S¤RXPSTU

� �rQiXQr§U WeciT�SXQ WXPSTNOP Pr�P. �XPSX_fkrP q�i

S�P R^µµg_OP Wi]R�rQU v\T^RQ S� S�P �kcPXNOP Y¤µª

�fiTÛ �]iTPSrU \X� lµWTiTQ üPQX WiTRgqTPSrU, WTeeT�

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(VeX_ZU)

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I)+/#"&%-"..K" #/&+/%"+L.K"; TyYrNU.

Genetivus quantitatis.

)8QC>=457=BBO= >C4QC5=Q6BO=

(numeralia cardinalia)

>2"-.",2"#"&4/" #/&+/%"+L.K", 4$4 2D&&4/" /+/ +$-

%/.&4/", *K-$0% 4)+/#"&%-"..KB/ (cardinalia) / ()2'@-

4)-KB/ (ordinalia). I)+/#"&%-"..K" #/&+/%"+L.K" &D%L

&+"@D0C/":

� r U, µNX, ÉP!

2 YZT!

3 SirtU, SiNX!

4 S]SSXirU, S]SSXiX!

5 W]PSr!

6 É�!

7 ²WSg!

8 ¯\S�!

9 VPP]X!

�0 Y]\X!

�� ÉPYr\X!

�2 Y�Yr\X!

�3 SirtU (SiNX) \X� Y]\X!

�4 S]SSXirU (S]SSXiX) \X� Y]\X!

�5 W]PSr \X� Y]\X!

�6 V\\XNYr\X!

�7 ²WSX\XNYr\X!

�8 ¯\SO\XNYr\X!

�9 VPPrX\XNYr\X!

�39

20 rj\TRQ(P)!

2� r U \X� rj\TRQ(P)

25 rj\TRQ(P) \X� W]PSr, W]PSr \X� rj\TRQ(P)

30 SiQg\TPSX!

40 SrSSXig\TPSX!

50 WrPS¤\TPSX!

60 ²�]\TPSX!

70 ²�YTµ¤\TPSX!

80 ¯qYT¤\TPSX!

90 VPPrP¤\TPSX!

�00 ²\XSfP!

200 YQX\fRQTQ, XQ, X!

300 SiQX\fRQTQ, XQ, X!

400 SrSiX\fRQTQ, XQ, X!

500 WrPSX\fRQTQ, XQ, X!

600 ²�X\fRQTQ, XQ, X!

700 ²WSX\fRQTQ, XQ, X!

800 ¯\SX\fRQTQ, XQ, X!

900 VPX\fRQTQ, XQ, X!

�000 _NeQTQ, XQ, X!

2000 YQR_NeQTQ, XQ, X!

�0 000 µZiQTQ, XQ, X!

A #/&+/%"+L.K3 -%)2),) @"&'%4$ -)JB)b.) 4$4 2$J-

@"+L.)", %$4 / &+/%.)" .$(/&$./". 5 #/&+/%"+L.K3 4, �4,

40 -B"&%) -SS- *K-$"% -RR- (S]RRXirU).

:J 4)+/#"&%-"..K3 #/&+/%"+L.K3 &4+).'0%&' %)+L-

4) r U, µNX, ÉP, YZT, SirtU, SiNX (&B. %$*+/�D); .$J-$./' &)-

%"., .$#/.$' & YQX\fRQTQ, $ %$4b" .$J-$./' %K&'# &4+)-

.'0%&' 4$4 (2/+$,$%"+L.K" I�II &4+)."./' proparoxyto-

na. 9$J-$./' b" #/&"+ )% 5 @) �99 ." &4+).'0%&'.

�40

m f n

Nom r U µNX ÉP YZT

Gen. ²PfU µQwU ²PfU Y^TtP

Dat. ²PN µQp ²PN Y^TtP

Acc. ÉPX µNXP ÉP YZT

m/f n m/f n

Nom SirtU SiNX S]SSXirU S]SSXiX

Gen. SiQ�P SiQ�P SrSSgiOP SrSSgiOP

Dat. SiQRN(P) SiQRN(P) S]SSXiRQ(P) S]SSXiRQ(P)

Acc. SirtU SiNX S]SSXiXU S]SSXiX

?59Cc35=Q6BO= N=458CN=BC:

(pronomina negativa)

H% #/&+/%"+L.),) r U )*2$JD0%&' )%2/�$%"+L.K" B"-

&%)/B"./' (2/ ()B)C/ )%2/�$%"+L.K3 #$&%/� Ty / µ¤

/ 2$J@"+/%"+L.),) &),+$&.),) Y: TyYrtU, TyYrµNX, TyY]P

/ µcYrtU, µcYrµNX, µcY]P %)'&", %)-&", %)'('"7. ?4+)-

.'0%&' )./ 4$4 a)2BK #/&+/%"+L.),) r U.

m f n

Nom. TyYrNU TyYrµNX TyY]P

Gen. TyYrPfU TyYrµQwU TyYrPfU

Dat. TyYrPN TyYrµQp TyYrPN

Acc. TyY]PX TyYrµNXP TyY]P

<$J+/#/' - D()%2"*+".// B"&%)/B"./6 TyYrtU /

µcYrtU )(2"@"+'0%&' 2$J+/#/'B/ - D()%2"*+".// )%-

2/�$%"+L.K3 #$&%/� Ty ()%2/�$./" )*�"4%/-.),) a$4-

%$) / µ¤ ()%2/�$./" #"2"J &D*�"4%/-.)" )%.)`"./" ,)-

-)2'C",) 4 a$4%D) (&B. %$4b" D2)4 �).

�4�

/#*'%01#1

<)@/%"+L.K6 4)+/#"&%-$ (genetivus quantitatis) D4$JK-

-$"% .$ -"+/#/.D /+/ -)J2$&% (2"@B"%$ /+/ +/�$:

SiQ�P µcP�P µQRkfU =+(&( >( &4) 5$.C#(,

SrSSgiOP uµri�P �YfU =0&A 9 -$&<4$ !%C,

[P®i VS�P �P ©U SiQg\TPSX 50?-)%( @<+ +$& "'"+"

&4)!#(&).

*N=B3 >C4QC5=Q6BO=

Æ. �. ·NX _reQYÍP Ty WTQrt k]iTU. 2. �iQRSTS]ecU � �Q-

efRT�TU e]qrQ �NeTÛ r¡PXQ µNXP ¹^_®P VP Y^TtP R�µX-

RQP. 3. �|Q� ST�ST, � l�c à¤POP � �QefRT�TU, � YZT µ�P

�SX l_TµrP, RSfµX Y� ÉP, ÒPX WerNO µ�P [\TZOµrP, vSSO

Y� e]qOµrP�. 4. �]XQPX ¯PrQYQsTµ]Pc ¥W~ [e�Wr\TU VW�

S� ÉPX µfPTP SN\SrQPÇ �èPX, � l�c, � [ee� e]TPSX�. 5. ��

TyYrP~U qNqPrSXQ TyY]P. 6. 9$@(/&L .$ @"+La/6&4)B

32$B": µcY�P �qXP. 7. ùºpTP ki]¹rQ r U WXS®i Y]\X S]\-

PX Þ Y]\X S]\PX ÉPX WXS]iX. 8. °QkXiªYfU SQU, ÂU VP S�

YQYXR\XerNª r¡_rP VPP]X µ�P rh\fPXU S�P ·T^R�P, ST�

Y� �WfeeOPTU µNXP, µXkcS�U Y� YZT, ViOS¤RXPSfU SQPTU,

WfRTÛ l_TQ µXkcSgUÇ �}§P STtU krTtU, � l�c, � Y�Yr\X�.

9. ÆjPQqµX S¢U }�Qqq~U �P STQfPYrÇ SN s�TP _i¢SXQ WiO�

S]SSXiRQ WTRNP, µrRcµ�iNXU Y� Y^TtP, ²RW]iXU Y� SiQRNP;

¶. �. �~ Srt_TU �P S~ µ�P rïTU WrPSr\XNYr\X WTY�P,

S~ Y� £¹TU ²\XSfP. 2. �~P ST� [Pki�WT^ �NTP �iNsTµrP

rhU ²�YTµ¤\TPSX lSc. 3. |XirtTU, � ST� ä]i�T^ WXS¤i, &�

\X� SiQg\TPSX VPQX^ST§U S�P �riR�P V�XRNer^RrP.

4. óY^RRr§U rj\TRQP lSc [W~ S¢U WXSiNYTU [W¢P. 5. �iQR�

S�P qQqgPSOP �RXP WrPS¤\TPSX \r�XeX� \X� ²\XS~P _rt-

�42

irU. 6. ¬ �rQiXQr§U [W¢P [W~ S�P �kcP�P SrSSXig-

\TPSX RSgYQX.

Ú. �. �~ lSTU VRS� Y�Yr\X µcP�P Þ SiQX\TRNOP ²�¤-

\TPSX W]PSr uµri�P. 2. �irtU \X� SrSSXig\TPSX \X�

YQX\TRNTÛ VPQX^ST§U VP SÀ ùº�µ� �XRQertU �RXP, ©U

e]qT^RQP. 3. �� [Pki�Wª VRS� YQX\fRQX \X� SiNX \X�

Y]\X ¯RSw. 4. �P ·XiXk�PQ Y]\X µîQgYrU �riR�P vS-

STPrU �RXP µîNOP Äee¤POP. 5. ¬ ×rteTU WTSXµ~U µ¢-

\fU VRSQ YQR_QeNOP \X� SiQRµîNOP RSXYNOP. 6. �P S�

�rOPNYT^ RSiXSrZµXSQ [i_®P We®P S�P �reTWTPPcRN-

OP �RXP ²\XS~P �f\iTQ, SrSiX\fRQTQ Ðc�XtTQ, ²WSX\f-

RQTQ ÐrRWQrtU, _NeQTQ ¸O\rtU.

3(01#0%

g�M, µFU, �H )@/. (+(&. unus) VWL @-$ (+(&. duo) S~ TÜ, ÊSfU D3) S~ RSfµX, STU 2)%, D&%$

SN\SO 2)b@$%L LiVgFM, LiVgµFU, LiVZH; µo-

VgFM, µoVgµFU, µoVZH ./4%), ./#%) (+(&. nemo)

KegkM, KeFU %2/ (+(&. tres) u µrRcµ�iNX, XU ()+@".L,

0,

u ²RW]iX -"#"2 u _rNi, fU 2D4$ (.4. /)404,)

YNU @-$b@K S~ RSgYQTP &%$@/6 (5$4( !+)%<, "'. g80 5), 2/&%$+/-C" (.4. .&(!)"%)

S~ XjPQqµX, STU J$,$@4$

¸O\rZU, ]OU b/%"+L x)4/@K � �f\iTU, T^ +)42/"�

� ×rteTU, T^ 9/+

� ÐrRWQrZU, ]OU a"&(/"�

Ðc�XtTU, X, TP a/-$.&4/6; � Ð. a/-$."�

u }�Nq�, }�QqqfU &a/.4&

u

ùº�µc, cU </B

u _reQY�P, fPTU +$&%)#4$

S~ YQYXR\XertTP, T^ D#/-+/C"

S~ rïTU, TÛ `/2/.$

� \QkXiªYfU, T� 4/a$2"@

u e]XQPX, cU +L-/�$

WiON 2$.) (D%2)B)

u

[e�Wc�, r\TU +/&/�$ S~ £¹TU, TÛ -K&)%$

�43

45 ,676&6 8%7('%

vG`Vm\ `qMSXSU `_Tm l_PWIU\ Ì_HVqVUMa � JcP X[M �MS

µUTtTVU lSm X[M �XVPIM xJSZtTVU, � kM[\ xMsL}VXSU lSm XIY

kXLPI_ lSXS�PIMtTVU� (3(&. 6, 24)

¢ÊZ[ ²I_`SWpM ZVMXilU\ XVTTVPilIMXS ZSPc µWSM nHS-

RIM, XPm\ OËÇSR`WTsKM, ¯ZS} OHUsiTsKM, XPm\ OMS_iJKTS,

M_QstµVPIM OM X� R_s� ZVZIWKlS� (2 2"4. gg, 24-25)

vr`S �MsPpZIM OM ¡PUTX� ZP[ OX]M `VlSXVTTiPpM,

V�XV OM T�µSXU IGl Ir`S, V�XV OlX[\ XIY T�µSXI\ IGl Ir`S,

� sV[\ Ir`VM, �PZSJLMXS X[M XIUIYXIM �p\ XPWXI_ IGPSMIY.

(2 2"4. g2, 2)

µQR]O .".$-/@"%L [PS]_O, fut. [Pk]�O &)(2)-

%/-+'%L&' VâmX�YNsO */%L ($+4)6 eQkgsO ()*/-$%L 4$B.'B/ PX^Xq]O %"2("%L 4)2$*+"-

42D`"./"

P^_k¤µriTP .)#L / @".L � �^kfU, T� ,+D*L, B)2&4$'

(D#/.$ T¡YX pf. = praes. ' J.$0 ¼iWgsO ()3/C$%L

<="%;*(*#.

I. !2)&4+).'6%": X� SirtU _giQSrU, S]SSXiX lSc, T� YZT

eQµ]PrU.

II. !"2"-"@/%" / )*�'&./%" D()%2"*+"./" TyYrNU /

µcYrNU: �. �� kcPXtTQ TyYrP� µweeTP VWNRSr^TP Þ �riQ-

\ert. 2. Ø TyYrP~U Yf�X µrNsOP �P Þ u �riQ\e]TÛ. 3. ×f-

µª �P SrSXqµ]PTP µcY]PX µrS]_rQP S¢U WTeQSrNXU, Ì µ®

WXS¤i Sr \X� µ¤Sci r¡rP �kcPXtTQ S~ q]PTU. 4. |Q� ST�ST

TyYrP� S�P �]POP V�¢P WTeNS� qrP]RkXQ. 5. ¿jkr VP µcYr-

µQp uµ]io \X\�U WigSSTQU. 6. ¿jkr µcY�P \X\~P WgkTQU.

7. �yY�P ¾P vYQTP rjc S¢U ¥qQrNXU.

�44

2"?) 4 8

Futurum et aoristus activi et medii ,+$,)+)- & &).)2.KB/ )&.)-$B/.

¬WfSXP & 4).�0.4%/-)B.

&Q3R8QO 4 48B89BONC 84B873NC

5 ,+$,)+L.K3 )&.)-$3 .$ &).)2.K" J-D4/ (e, P, i) (2/

)*2$J)-$.// a)2B 2$J.K3 -2"B". (2)/&3)@'% ."4)%)-

2K" a)."%/#"&4/" /JB"."./'. �$4, )&.)-$ .$&%)'C",)

-2"B"./ D ./3 )*2$J)-$.$ (D%"B (2/*$-+"./' &Daa/4-

&$ -j- 4 ,+$,)+L.)6 )&.)-" .$ &).)2.K6 &) &+"@D0C/B

2"JD+L%$%)B: e+j > ee, .$(2/B"2, *�Xe-j-O > �geeO (,+$-

,)+L.$' )&.)-$ �Xe-) @4".(&A, *[qqre-j-O > [qq]eeO

(,+$,)+L.$' )&.)-$ [qqre-) 9">9$�(&A; XP, rP, Xi, ri + j >

XQP, rQP, XQi, rQi, .$(2/B"2, *�XP-j-O > �XNPO (,+$,)+L-

.$' )&.)-$ �XP-) C9+C&A, *SrP-j-O > SrNPO (,+$,)+L.$' )&-

.)-$ SrP-) %(&C,)9(&A, *[i-j-O > XjiO (,+$,)+L.$' )&.)-$

[i-) ="!%)5(&A, *RWri-j-O > RWrNiO (,+$,)+L.$' )&.)-$

RWri-) .$C&A; 'P, øP + j > (P, ÷P, .$(2/B"2, *\i'P-j-O >

\i�PO (,+$,)+L.$' )&.)-$ \i'P-) .0!)&A, *[µøP-j-O >

[µ PO (,+$,)+L.$' )&.)-$ [µøP-) "&4(?(&A.

x)2BK )&%$+L.K3 -2"B". )*2$JD0%&' )% ,+$,)+L.)6

)&.)-K.

Futurum activi # medii &$%&6$67

1 16*6"*+@# 61*67%@#

A ,+$,)+)- & &).)2.KB/ )&.)-$B/ *D@DC"" -2"B'

)*2$JD"%&' (D%"B (2/&)"@/."./' -rR- 4 ,+$,)+L.)6 )&-

.)-". !2/ {%)B -R-, )4$J$-`$'&' B"b@D @-DB' ,+$&.K-

B/, -K($@$"%, $ -r- &+/-$"%&' & &)"@/./%"+L.KB ,+$&-

�45

.KB () (2/B"2D &+/%.K3 ,+$,)+)- .$ -]O (&B. D2)4 32):

�geeO (,+$,)+L.$' )&.)-$ �Xe-) @4".(&A, fut. act. �Xe�

< �Xe]O < �Xe]RO, fut. med. �XeT�µXQ < �Xe]TµXQ <

�Xe]RTµXQ. ?2. %$4b" [qq]eeO (,+$,)+L.$' )&.)-$

[qqre-) 9">9$�(&A � fut. act. [qqre�, fut. med. [qqreT�-

µXQ; �XNPO (,+$,)+L.$' )&.)-$ �XP-) C9+C&A � fut. act.

�XP�, fut. med. �XPT�µXQ; SrNPO (,+$,)+L.$' )&.)-$ SrP-)

%(&C,)9(&A � fut. act. SrP�, fut. med. SrPT�µXQ; XjiO (,+$-

,)+L.$' )&.)-$ [i-) ="!%)5(&A � fut. act. [i�, fut. med.

[iT�µXQ; RWrNiO (,+$,)+L.$' )&.)-$ RWri-) .$C&A � fut.

act. RWri�, fut. med. RWriT�µXQ; \i�PO (,+$,)+L.$' )&.)-

-$ \i'P-) .0!)&A � fut. act. \i'P�, fut. med. \i'PT�µXQ;

[µ PO (,+$,)+L.$' )&.)-$ [µøP-) "&4(?(&A � fut. act.

[µøP�, fut. med. [µøPT�µXQ.

?(2'b"./" %$4),) *D@DC",) -2"B"./ (futurum con-

tractum) -) -&"3 a)2B$3 &)-($@$"% &) &(2'b"./"B .$-

&%)'C",) -2"B"./ &+/%.K3 ,+$,)+)- .$ -]O.

Activum


Sg.� �XP� �XPTNcP

2 �XPrtU �XPTNcU

3 �XPrt �XPTNc

Pl. � �XPT�µrP �XPTtµrP

2 �XPrtSr �XPTtSr

3 �XPT�RQ(P) �XPTtrP

Infinitivus - �XPrtP

Participium: �XP�P, �XPT�PSTU

�XPT�RX, �XPTZRcU

�XPT�P, �XPT�PSTU

�46

Medium


Sg.� �XPT�µXQ �XPTNµcP

2 �XPrt, À �XPTtT

3 �XPrtSXQ �XPTtST

Pl. � �XPTZµrkX �XPTNµrkX

2 �XPrtRkr �XPTtRkr

3 �XPT�PSXQ �XPTtPST

Infinitivus - �XPrtRkXQ

Participium: �XPTZµrPTU, T^

�XPT^µ]Pc, cU

�XPTZµrPTP, T^

Aoristus activi # medii

&$%&6$67 1 16*6"*+@# 61*67%@#

?+$*K6 (("2-K6) $)2/&% D ,+$,)+)- & )&.)-$B/ .$

(+$-.K6 /+/ .)&)-)6 J-D4 )*2$JD"%&' )% ,+$,)+L.)6

)&.)-K (2/*$-+"./"B -X- ()&%$-`",)&' ()&+" /&#"J.)-

-"./' &/,BK ("2-).$#$+L.),) &Daa/4&$ -RX-) *"J &)-

"@/./%"+L.),) ,+$&.),). !2/ {%)B ,+$&.K6 J-D4 )&.)-

-K, .$3)@'C/6&' ("2"@ e, i, µ, P D@+/.'"%&': " ()&+" Q /

i D@+/.'"%&' - Ô, - (2)#/3 &+D#$'3 � - c; r D@+/.'"%&' -

rQ; ' D@+/.'"%&' - (; ø D@+/.'"%&' - ÷. 9$(2/B"2: [qq]e-

eO (,+$,)+L.$' )&.)-$ [qqre-) 9">9$�(&A � aor. act. ±q-

qrQeX, aor. med. �qqrQegµcP; �XNPO (,+$,)+L.$' )&.)-$

�XP-) C9+C&A � aor. act. l�cPX, aor. med. ([W)r�cPgµcP;

SrNPO (,+$,)+L.$' )&.)-$ SrP-) %(&C,)9(&A � aor. act.

lSrQPX, aor. med. VSrQPgµcP; XjiO (,+$,)+L.$' )&.)-$ [i-)

="!%)5(&A � aor. act. �iX, aor. med. �igµcP; RWrNiO (,+$-

�47

,)+L.$' )&.)-$ RWri-) .$C&A � aor. act. lRWrQiX, aor.

med. VRWrQigµcP; \i�PO (,+$,)+L.$' )&.)-$ \i'P-) .0-

!)&A � aor. act. l\i(PX, aor. med. ([W)r\i(PgµcP; [µ PO

(,+$,)+L.$' )&.)-$ [µøP-) "&4(?(&A � aor. act. ±µ÷PX,

aor. med. �µ÷PgµcP.

?(2'b"./" %$4),) $)2/&%$ -) -&"3 a)2B$3 &)-($@$"%

&) &(2'b"./"B &+$*),) (("2-),)) $)2/&%$.

Activum


Sg. � l�cPX �¤PO �¤PXQµQ

2 l�cPXU �¤P�U �¤PXQU, rQXU �¢PTP

3 l�cPr �¤P� �¤PXQ, rQr(P) �cPgSO

Pl. � V�¤PXµrP �¤POµrP �¤PXQµrP

2 V�¤PXSr �¤PcSr �¤PXQSr �¤PXSr

3 l�cPXP �¤PORQ(P) �¤PXQrP, rQXP �cPgPSOP

Infinitivus - �¢PXQ

Participium: �¤PXU, PSTU

�¤PXRX, gRcU

�¢PXP, PSTU

Medium


Sg. � V�cPgµcP �¤POµXQ �cPXNµcP

2 V�¤PO �¤P� �¤PXQT �¢PXQ

3 V�¤PXST �¤PcSXQ �¤PXQST �cPgRkO

Pl. � V�cPgµrkX �cP�µrkX �cPXNµrkX

2 V�¤PXRkr �¤PcRkr �¤PXQRkr �¤PXRkr

3 V�¤PXPST �¤POPSXQ �¤PXQPST �cPgRkOP

Infinitivus - �¤PXRkXQ

�48

Participium: �cPgµrPTU, T^

�cPXµ]Pc, cU

�cPgµrPTP, T^

/#*'%01#1

5 (2"@+)b"./'3 & &)0J$B/, )J.$#$0C/B/ '",!(, &%$-

-/%&' coniunctivus 4 >345Cc=E �H, "&+/ 2"#L /@"% ) "@/-

./#.K3 @"6&%-/'3, )%.)&'C/3&' 4 *D@DC"BD -2"B"./.

M$&%/�$ �P &+/-$"%&' & &)0J$B/, .$(2/B"2: �WfSr + �P

> rTuKUH. 9$(2/B"2:

�WfSXP lXi q]PcSXQ, RtSTP RWriT�µrP � 4),@$ .$&%D-

(/% -"&.$, BK *D@"B &"'%L 3+"*.

/^CB4PC= D93A]B=4573

¬ �]PTU uµ�P, R§P Ì PrORS� VP �RSrQ \X� VW� SÀ [\iT-

WferQ WriQrWXST�µrP, ³Yr e]qrQ Wi~U uµwUÇ ��ecRQgsrQ

S~ lXi, � �NeTQ. �®P q¢P \XkXirt S¢U _QfPTU, X� Y� _giQ-

SrU YQX�kriT�RQ S~P SiX_§P _rQµ�PX \X� �XPT�RQ STtU

[keNTQU P]XU VeWNYXU \X� WXPSX_T� RWriT�RQP �Pkc. Æ�

Y� VPP]X ·T�RXQ [WTRSreT�RQP ßiPQkXU qe^\]OU $YTZ-

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�52

2"?) 4 9

Aoristus I et futurum I passivi, per-fectum activi et medii-passivi ,+$-,)+)- & (+$-.KB/ )&.)-$B/.

?()&)*K -K2$b"./' ."/&()+./-B),) b"+$./'; VWrQY¤. �riN + ac-cusativus.

Aoristus I et futurum I passivi,

perfectum activi et medii-passivi

RQ3R8Q87 4 48B89BONC 84B873NC

Aoristus # futurum passivi

&$%&6$67 1 16*6"*+@# 61*67%@#

A ,+$,)+)- & &).)2.KB/ )&.)-$B/ &+$*K6 (("2-K6)

($&&/-.K6 $)2/&% )*2$JD"%&' (D%"B (2/&)"@/."./' 4

,+$,)+L.)6 )&.)-" &Daa/4&$ -kc- / &))%-"%&%-D0C/3

)4).#$./6 *"J &)"@/./%"+L.),) ,+$&.),). !2/ {%)B 4)-

."#.K" J-D4/ )&.)-K ." /JB".'0%&'. !$&&/-.)" *D@D-

C"" -2"B' D {%/3 ,+$,)+)- )*2$JD"%&' (D%"B (2/&)"@/-

."./' 4 )&.)-" &+$*),) (("2-),)) $)2/&%$ & &Daa/4&)B

-kc- ()4$J$%"+' *D@DC",) -2"B"./ -R-, &)"@/./%"+L.K3

,+$&.K3 -T- / -r- / )4).#$./6 B"@/$+L.),) J$+),$. 9$-

(2/B"2: [qq]eeO (,+$,)+L.$' )&.)-$ [qqre-) 9">9$-

�(&A � aor. pass. �qq]ekcP, fut. pass. [qqrek¤RTµXQ,

\XkXNiO (,+$,)+L.$' )&.)-$ \XkXi-) "-)�(&A � aor.

pass. V\XkgikcP, fut. pass. \XkXik¤RTµXQ, µQXNPO (,+$-

,)+L.$' )&.)-$ µQXP-) =".<+(&A � aor. pass. VµQgPkcP,

fut. pass. µQXPk¤RTµXQ.

�53

?(2'b"./" ,+$,)+)- & &).)2.KB/ )&.)-$B/ - &+$-

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&%L0 &)-($@$"% &) &(2'b"./"B ,+$,)+)- & ,+$&.KB/ )&-

.)-$B/ - &+$*)B (("2-)B) ($&&/-.)B $)2/&%" / aD%D-

2DB" (&B. D2)4 38).

Perfectum activi &$%&6$67

1 16*6"*+@# 61*67%@#

H% ,+$,)+)- & &).)2.KB/ )&.)-$B/ $4%/-.K6 ("2-

a"4% (4$4 &+$*K6, %$4 / &/+L.K6) )*2$JD"%&' )#".L 2"@-

4). ?+$*K6 (("2-K6) ("2a"4% )*2$JD"%&' (D%"B (2/-

&)"@/."./' 4 ,+$,)+L.)6 )&.)-" & D@-)"./"B &Daa/4&$

-\- / &))%-"%&%-D0C/3 )4).#$./6 *"J &)"@/./%"+L.),)

,+$&.),). 9$(2/B"2: [qq]eeO (,+$,)+L.$' )&.)-$ [q-

qre-) 9">9$�(&A � perf. act. ±qqre\X, \XkXNiO (,+$,)+L-

.$' )&.)-$ \XkXi-) «)#/C$%L» � perf. act. \r\gkXi\X, µQ-

XNPO (,+$,)+L.$' )&.)-$ µQXP-) «()&K+$%L» � perf. act.

µrµNXq\X.

?(2'b"./" ,+$,)+)- & &).)2.KB/ )&.)-$B/ 4$4 -

&+$*)B, %$4 / - &/+L.)B $4%/-.)B ("2a"4%" ()+.)&%L0

&)-($@$"% &) &(2'b"./"B ,+$,)+)- & ,+$&.KB/ )&.)-$-

B/ (&B. D2)4 39).

Perfectum medii-passivi

&$%&6$67 1 16*6"*+@# 61*67%@#

A ,+$,)+)- & )&.)-)6 .$ &).)2.K" J-D4/ B"@/$+L.)-

($&&/-.K6 ("2a"4% )*2$JD"%&' (D%"B (2/&)"@/."./' 4

D@-)"..)6 ,+$,)+L.)6 )&.)-" )4).#$./6 B"@/$+L.)-

($&&/-.),) ("2a"4%$ *"J &Daa/4&$ / &)"@/./%"+L.),)

,+$&.),). 9$(2/B"2: [qq]eeO (,+$,)+L.$' )&.)-$ [q-

�54

qre-) 9">9$�(&A � perf. med.-pass. ±qqreµXQ, \XkXNiO

(,+$,)+L.$' )&.)-$ \XkXi-) "-)�(&A � perf. med.-pass..

\r\gkXiµXQ, µQXNPO (,+$,)+L.$' )&.)-$ µQXP-) =".<-

+(&A � perf. med.-pass. µrµNXRµXQ, RS]eeO (,+$,)+L.$'

)&.)-$ RSre-) =".<+(&A � perf. med.-pass. lRSXeµXQ.

!2/ (2/&)"@/.".// )4).#$./6 4)."#.K" J-D4/ )&-

.)-K e / i ("2"@ µ, R, S )&%$0%&' *"J /JB"."./', P ("-

2"@ µ ("2"3)@/% - R (Pµ > Rµ, /.),@$ Pµ > µµ), P )&%$"%&'

*"J /JB"."./' ("2"@ S. x)2BK & )4).#$./'B/ -RXQ /

-RT )% )&.)- .$ P- ." )*2$JD0%&'. 5 ,2D(($3 -eRk-, -iRk-,

-PRk- &/,B$ -K($@$"%, %$4 #%) )&%$0%&' &)#"%$./' -ek-,

-ik-, -Pk-.

?(2'b"./" ,+$,)+)- & &).)2.KB/ )&.)-$B/ 4$4 -

&+$*)B, %$4 / - &/+L.)B B"@/$+L.)-($&&/-.)B ("2a"4-

%" ()+.)&%L0 &)-($@$"% &) &(2'b"./"B ,+$,)+)- & ,+$&-

.KB/ )&.)-$B/ (&B. D2)4 39).

>$+"" (2/-)@'%&' )*2$J�K &(2'b"./' ,+$,)+)- [q-

q]eeO (,+$,)+L.$' )&.)-$ [qqre-) 9">9$�(&A, \XkXNiO

"-)�(&A ()&.)-$ \XkXi-) / �XNPO C9+C&A ()&.)-$ �XP-).

Sg.

�

±qqreµXQ \r\gkXiµXQ W]�XRµXQ

2 ±qqreRXQ \r\gkXiRXQ �

3 ±qqreSXQ \r\gkXiSXQ W]�XPSXQ

Pl.

�

�qq]eµrkX \r\XkgiµrkX Wr�gRµrkX

2 ±qqrekr \r\gkXikr W]�XPkr

3 �qqreµ]PTQ

rhRN(P)

\r\XkXiµ]PTQ

rhRN(P)

Wr�XRµ]PTQ

rhRN(P)

Infinitivus perfecti medii-passivi � �qq]ekXQ, \r\Xkgi-

kXQ, Wr�gPkXQ

�55


Sg. 2 +. � ±qqreRT, \r\gkXiRT, �

3 +. � �qq]ekO, \r\XkgikO, Wr�gPkO

Pl. 2 +. � ±qqrekr, \r\gkXikr, W]�XPkr

3 +. � �qq]ekOP, \r\XkgikOP, Wr�gPkOP

Participium perfecti medii-passivi:

�qqreµ]PTU, �qqreµ]Pc, �qqreµ]PTP;

\r\XkXiµ]PTU, \r\XkXiµ]Pc, \r\XkXiµ]PTP;

Wr�XRµ]PTU, Wr�XRµ]Pc, Wr�XRµ]PTP.

/#*'%01#1

�. >+' 7O93p=BC: B=C4D8QBCN8R8 p=Q3BC: (&)b$+"-

./", #%) @"6&%-/" ." /&()+.'"%&' /+/ ." /&()+./%&') -

@2"-.",2"#"&4)B 'JK4" /&()+LJD"%&' indicativus imper-

fecti, #$&%) & #$&%/�$B/ rjkr, rh qgi:

rjkr �RkX Y^PXS~U ST�ST YiwP � ", $.+) @< &< 5", .!$-

+(&A ¨&"! (.) %K ." B)b"`L).

>+' -K2$b"./' ."/&()+."..),) b"+$./' (&)b$+"./",

#%) @"6&%-/" ." /&()+./+)&L) /&()+LJD"%&' indicativus

aoristi & %"B/ b" #$&%/�$B/:

rjkr RTQ, � �riN\erQU, SfSr R^PrqrPfµcP � " $.+) @<,

E$4)'+, C &",!( ."B$+.C . &"@"7! (.) ' ." &)`"+&').

9"/&()+./B)" b"+$./" B)b"% -K2$b$%L&' / )(/&$-

%"+L.) #"2"J ü�reTP (ü�rerU, ü�rer / @2D,/" a)2BK

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nitivus praesentis, $ ."/&()+."..)" b"+$./" #"2"J ü�r-

eTP & infinitivus aoristi. 9$(2/B"2:

[ee� ü�rer °�iTU s¢P %" $.+) @< 2)4 @<+ ?)9! (.)

",) %"("2L ."% - b/-K3);

�56

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%),@$ (2/`"+).

2. ?)0J STgIVa (D&/+/%"+L.K6 4 VWrN) - J.$#".// '",!(,

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b"./':

VWrQY® VSrerZScRr |XirtTU, �QRRX�]iPcU YQX�geerQ

°�iTP Wi~U S~P [Yre�fP � '",!( 05$4 6(4)7, :)..(*$4%

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5 J.$#".// &(' '(' VWrQY¤ --)@/% (2/#/..K" (2/@$-

%)#.K" (2"@+)b"./':

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\e]TÛ lS^_rP � �+$'.(%!4 .-)&(+ �/)++( .-(.&+)9<5,

&(' '(' "% !".&), 9$+)'"7 .+(9<.

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2) 0, "'"+", 4C!"5:

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3) "'"+" (-) -2"B"..)B J.$#".//):

Wri� S� �iOÛ\g "'"+" 94$5$%) :4"C%.')/ (."@<&)7);

4) "'"+", "&%".)&$+A%", =4)@+)>)&$+A%" (- ("2".)&.)B

J.$#".//):

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Wri� ST§U SiQX\TRNTÛ "'"+" &4$/."&.

$ 5=359= !C8BC43 7 /^CB3\

|Q\XNOU � �]PTU uµtP R^µ�r�TZer^\r STtU µrqgeTQU

|QTP^RNTQU WXirtPXQ \X� uµwU Ty\ lR�Xe\rP. �Tee� q�i

�57

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iX uµtP �XPk¤RrRkXQ.

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�ª S� S�P VPTN\OP rhU S~ k]XSiTP �iµck]PSOP. öU Sg-

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�T�PSOP \X� qre�PSOP. �kX^µgRXµrP S�U WTee�U ÉY-

iXU R_rY~P Wi~U S~P Xhk]iX V�ciµ]PXU, VkX^µgRXµrP

Y� \X� Wri� S®P ¯i_¤RSiXP ST§U S�P �ri]OP \X� Wi]R�r-

OP kifPTÛ \XeeNRS� S]_P� WrWriXRµ]PTÛ. ·]qQRSTP

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RORQ \X� STtU S�P WTQcS�P liqTQU ry�iXPk�RQP.

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WNYT^ q]iOP SQU uµtP WXiX\Xk¤µrPTU ³Yr WiTRrtWrPÇ

�¸XNPrRkr, � �]PTQ, kX^µgsTPSrU SfPYr S~P ¿yiQWNYcP.

�ee� VqÍ e]qOÇ RT��SriTU STZST^ \X� µrNsOP �P ÆhR_Z-

eTU. ·XiXkOPTµg_cU �P µRWri Vq�, \X� R§P XyS� Pr-

�58

PN\c\X \X� S®P ÄeecPQ\®P kgeXSSgP Sr \X� q¢P �Xi�g-

iOP \r\gkXi\X WXi� SÀ }XeXµtPQ \X� VP SXtU �eXSXQ-

XtU. �WTNcRr S~ lPYT�TP YiwµX, Â \XertSXQ ��]iRXQ�, Ì

YceTt, ©U ä]i�cU uSScµ]PTU \X� S�P \rP�P VeWNYOP

VR�Xeµ]PTU VWXP¢ekrP Tj\XYr. �\rtPTU Y� � WTQcS®U eQ-

WÍP S®P WXSiNYX VP SÀ }Q\reNo [W]kXPrP. ¿jkr lSQ lsc.

¿jkr lµrQPrP VP SXtU �k¤PXQU. ¸QefWXSiQU q�i �P \X� ry-

Rr�]RSriTU \X� YrQPfSriTU e]qrQP S�P P�P WTQcS�P�.

�X�SX r¡WrP � q]iOP Vq\OµQgsOP SfP Sr ÆhR_ZeTP

\X� S~P SfSr _ifPTP.

3(01#0%

J_mbbG )(2)4/@K-$%L, )*B$.K-$%L

SsgFeG (2)*Db@$%L; perf. Vqi¤qTiX *)@2&%-)-$%L

� kfi^�TU, T^ `DB

V\rtRr %D@$

u ÉYiX, XU &/@".L" (.4. '(-*$!4()

R_rYfP ()#%/

V�XNiO ()@./B$%L, -)J@-/-,$%L

WriN + acc. -)42D,, )4)+) u ¯i_¤RSiX, XU )23"&%2$

(5$.&" !+C /"4( 9 &$(&4$; .4. "4'$.&4)

u _QeQgU, gYTU %K&'#$

XsgFeG &)*/2$%L u \OµªYNX, XU 4)B"@/'

�R�rRSTU, TP ."D,$&/BK6 (.4. (.@$.&)

� q]eOU, OSTU &B"3

VWrQY¤ ()&+" %),) 4$4 (0.)-+)&$+A%"$ ' VWrN)

WiTR]_O S~P PT�P + dat. )*-2$C$%L -./B$./" %( -&"-+.

WiTRXqTirZO, aor. WiTRrt-WTP )*2$C$%L&' & 2"#L0

\rPfU, ¤, fP (D&%)6 (.4. '$-%"&(*)

� ÆhR_ZeTU, T^ d&3/+ |QTPZRQX, OP Sg >/)./&//

(=4(>!%)') � ¿yiQWNYcU, T^ 7-2/(/@

� ·XiXkOPTµg_cU, T^ D#$-&%./4 =$2$a).&4))6 */%-K

� }T�T\e¢U, T�U ?)a)4+

�, u �QefWXSiQU, QYTU ($%2/-)%(4$)

\TteTU, c, TP -K@)+*+".-.K6; S~ \TteTP D,+D*+"-./", -($@/.$

�59

WXiX\gkcµXQ &/@"%L .$-(2)%/-

S~ krOiQ\fP, T� @".L,/ .$ %"$%2

RXSîQ\fU, ¤, fP &-)6&%-".-.K6 &$%/2D, &$%/2/#"&4/6

R\�WSO -K&B"/-$%L

Vq\OµQgsO (2)&+$-+'%L

45 ,676&6 8%7('%

yzZVlPWsK ²KTIY\ lSm VrZVM SGXId\a HqTSXV X[M MS[M

XIYXIM lSm OM XPUTmM NµLPSU\ OJVP] SGX�M. (�%. 2, g9)

�� PQpM XIY l�TµI_ XIqXI_ lLlPUXSU. (�%. g6, gg)

wIYXI `L �KµU, x`VH�IW, � lSUP[\ T_MVTXSHµLMI\ OT-

XWM� (g 2"4. 7, 29)

F~ `{ ¡PUTX[\ lKPqTTVXSU �XU Ol MVlP]M OJtJVPXSU,

Z]\ HLJI_TUM OM eµdM XUMV\ �XU xMiTXSTU\ MVlP]M IGl nT-

XUM; F~ `{ xMiTXSTU\ MVlP]M IGl nTXUM, IG`{ ¡PUTX[\ OJt-

JVPXSUa V~ `{ ¡PUTX[\ IGl OJtJVPXSU, lVM[M �PS lSm X[ lt-

P_JµS Nµ]M, lVM� lSm N ZWTXU\ eµ]M. (g 2"4. g5, g2-g4)

�OM IG`VMm S~TQ_MstTIµSU xHH� OM ZiT� ZSËÇKTW¤ b\

ZiMXIXV lSm MYM µVJSH_MstTVXSU ¡PUTX[\ OM X� T�µSXU

µI_, V�XV Ùc jp�\ V�XV Ùc sSMiXI_. (�)+. g, 20)

VqrNiO pf. pass. Vq¤qriµXQ -)&42"`$%L, (2)*Db@$%L

R^PrRSXeµ]PTU, TP 4)2)%4/6 u [PgRSXRQU, rOU -)&42"&"-

./", -&%$-$./"

\rPfU, ¤, fP (D&%)6, %C"%-.K6

u WXâmcRNX, XU )%42)-".-.)&%L, (2'B)%$, @"2J.)--"./"

45 96&61$:;(*#.

ÜXtir, �SQ VµOigPkcRXP T� YrQPT� R^scScSXNÇ _Xtir, �SQ

VµXigPkcRXP T� S�P µZkOP WTQcSXN. (14$a/&%, /4)& 9)

µOiXNPO, pass. aor. VµOigP-kcP &-)@/%L & DB$

µXiXNPTµXQ, aor. VµXigPkcP D-'@$%L

� R^scScS¤U, T� /&&+"@)-$-%"+L

�60

<="%;*(*#.

I. H(2"@"+/%" a)2BK / ("2"-"@/%": V\gkcirP � \r\g-

kXi\rP � \r\gkXiSXQ; )*2$JD6%" 2'@ &))%-"%&%-D0C/3

a)2B @+' R�geeO / µQXNPO.

II. H(2"@"+/%" a)2BK / ("2"-"@/%": [qq]eerRkXQ � [q-

qrek¢PXQ � �qq]ekXQ; )*2$JD6%" 2'@ &))%-"%&%-D0C/3

a)2B @+' �XNPO / V�XNiO.

III. H(2"@"+/%" a)2BK / ("2"-"@/%". H*2$JD6%" 4 a)2-

B$B "@/.&%-"..),) #/&+$ &))%-"%&%-D0C/" a)2BK

B.)b"&%-"..),), / .$)*)2)%: [i�, �iO, ëiXQ, �iXQ, �iX-

Sr, ±iXSr, ÏirSr, �iXU, �i\�U, �iµ]PTU, [ikrNc, �ikr (2).

IV. !"2"-"@/%": �q]ikcRXP V� £WPT^ � �q]ikcµrP rhU

S®P [qTigP � \riYXPrtSr ST�ST WrWriXq\fSrU � rjkr

kwSSTP [WT\iNPXQRkr � rjkr ¯ik�U [Wr\iNPXRkr � rjkr

�µZPrSr ST§U V_kiT§U [PYirQfSriTP � ëiX \r\gkXi\XU

S~ µQXPk�P �µgSQTP.

�6�

2"?) 5 0

9"2",D+'2.K" a)2BK ,+$,)+)- & (+$-.KB/ )&.)-$B/.

¸êgSSTµXQ, µ¤; \XSX\iNPO + gene-tivus.

%=9=RyQ:9BO= ^89NO RQ3R8Q87

4 48B89BONC 84B873NC

�. 5 D2)4" 44 Db" D4$JK-$+/&L a)2BK &/+L.),) (-%)-

2),)) ($&&/-.),) $)2/&%$ )% ,+$,)+)- & J$@."'JK#.KB/

/ ,D*.KB/ )&.)-$B/, )*2$JD"BK" (D%"B (2/&)"@/."-

./' 4 ,+$,)+L.)6 )&.)-" &Daa/4&$ -c- *"J &)"@/./%"+L-

.),) ,+$&.),). 1.$+),/#.) )*2$JD"%&' &/+L.K6 $)2/&%

/ )% ."&4)+L4/3 ,+$,)+)- & &).)2.KB/ )&.)-$B/, .$-

(2/B"2: R�geeO .9(+)9(&A ()&.)-$ R�Xe-) � VR�gecP,

�XNPTµXQ C9+C&A.C ()&.)-$ �XP-) �V�gPcP. H%@"+L.K"

,+$,)+K (2/ )*2$J)-$.// )&.)-K ($&&/-.),) $)2/&%$

/JB".'0% 4)2."-)6 ,+$&.K6: RS]eeO =".<+(&A ()&.)-$

RSre-) � VRSgecP, RWrNiO .$C&A ()&.)-$ RWri-) � VRWg-

icP.

2. H% %"3 b" ,+$,)+)- )*2$JD"%&' / &/+L.)" (-%)2)")

($&&/-.)" *D@DC"" -2"B' (D%"B (2/&)"@/."./' 4 )&.)-

-" &/+L.),) (-%)2),)) $)2/&%$ & &Daa/4&)B -c- ()4$J$-

%"+' *D@DC",) -2"B"./ -R-, &)"@/./%"+L.K3 ,+$&.K3 -T-

/ -r- / )4).#$./6 B"@/$+L.),) J$+),$, .$(2/B"2: RWX-

i¤RTµXQ, RSXe¤RTµXQ, R�Xe¤RTµXQ, �XP¤RTµXQ.

3. 9"4)%)2K" ,+$,)+K /B"0% a)2BK &/+L.),) ($&-

&/-.),) $)2/&%$ (/ aD%D2DB$) .$2'@D & a)2B$B/ &+$*)-

,) ($&&/-.),) $)2/&%$ (/ aD%D2DB$). :.),@$ )./ D()%-

2"*+'0%&' - 2$J.K3 J.$#"./'3, .$(2/B"2: V�gPcP C

�62

C9)+.C, �XP¤RTµXQ C C9+D.A, .) V�gPkcP C @<+ C9+$%, C

@<+ ="'(>(%, �XPk¤RTµXQ C @0!0 ="'(>(%.

4. !2/ )*2$J)-$.// $4%/-.),) / B"@/$+L.)-($&&/--

.),) ("2a"4%$ D ,+$,)+)- & )@.)&+)b.)6 )&.)-)6 ,+$&-

.K6 r )&.)-K ("2"3)@/% - X: RWrNiO (,+$,)+L.$' )&.)-$

RWri-) .$C&A � perf. act. lRWXi\X, perf. med.-pass.

lRWXiµXQ, RS]eeO (,+$,)+L.$' )&.)-$ RSre-) =".<+(&A �

perf. act. lRSXe\X, perf. med.-pass. lRSXeµXQ, �krNiO

(,+$,)+L.$' )&.)-$ �kri-) ,0@)&A � perf. act. l�kXi\X,

perf. med.-pass. l�kXiµXQ.

5. 9"&4)+L4) ,+$,)+)- & &).)2.KB/ )&.)-$B/ )*2$-

JD0% &/+L.K6 (-%)2)6) ("2a"4% *"J &Daa/4&$ -\-, .$-

(2/B"2: ([WT)\SrNPO (,+$,)+L.$' )&.)-$ \SrP-) 0@)-

9(&A � perf. act. ([W)]\STPX, �XNPTµXQ C9+C&A.C ()&.)-$

�XP-) � perf. act. W]�cPX.

6. H%@"+L.K" ,+$,)+K & &).)2.KB/ )&.)-$B/ /B"0%

&-)/ )&)*"..)&%/ (2/ )*2$J)-$.// -2"B".. �$4)-K, .$-

(2/B"2, ,+$,)+K: �geeO @4".(&A ()&.)-$ �Xe-, �ec-):

fut. act. � �Xe�, -rtU, aor. act. � l�XeTP, aor. pass. � V�e¤-

kcP, perf. act. � �]�ec\X, perf. med.-pass. � �]�ecµXQ;

\i!PO .0!)&A ()&.)-$ \i'(P)-): fut. act. � \i'P�, -rtU, aor.

act. � l\iQPX, aor. pass. � V\i!kcP, perf. act. � \]\i'\X,

perf. med.-pass. � \]\i'µXQ; SrNPO %(&C,)9(&A ()&.)-$

SrP-, SX-): fut. act. � SrP�, -rtU, aor. act. � lSrQPX, aor. pass. �

VSgkcP, perf. act. � S]SX\X, perf. med.-pass. � S]SXµXQ.

/#*'%01#1

�. 5 D2)4" 32 Db" *K+/ (2"@&%$-+".K @)()+./%"+L.K"

(2"@+)b"./' & µ¤ (2/ ,+$,)+$3 *)'J./, .$(2/B"2, (2/

,+$,)+" �T�]TµXQ @"C&A.C. �" b" &$BK" (2$-/+$ @"6-

�63

&%-/%"+L.K / (2/ ,+$,)+" _fbmKKLµUI ".&$4$,(&A.C. 1

/B"..): (2/ %$4/3 ,+$,)+$3 / -K2$b"./'3 - @2"-.",2"-

#"&4)B 'JK4" &%$-/%&' (2/@$%)#.)" @)()+./%"+L.)"

(2"@+)b"./" & &)0J)B µa, D4$JK-$0C"" .$ a$4%, ."b"-

+$%"+L.K6 @+' *)'C",)&' +/�$. 5 (2/@$%)#.K3 @)()+-

./%"+L.K3 & µ¤ (2/ ,+$,)+$3 / -K2$b"./'3 *)'J./ &%$-

-/%&' 4).�0.4%/- .$&%)'C",) -2"B"./ /+/ $)2/&%$, $

"&+/ &4$JD"B)" ,+$-.),) (2"@+)b"./' -K2$b".) ,+$,)-

+)B - /&%)2/#"&4)B -2"B"./, %) )(%$%/- .$&%)'C",)

-2"B"./ /+/ $)2/&%$. <$J./�$ B"b@D ()&%$.)-4)6 (2"-

J".&$ /+/ $)2/&%$ -/@)-$', (){%)BD 4).�0.4%/- / )(-

%$%/- .$&%)'C",) -2"B"./ ("2"-)@'%&' .$ 2D&&4/6 'JK4

,+$,)+)B ."&)-"2`"..),) -/@$, $ 4).�0.4%/- / )(%$-

%/- $)2/&%$ � ,+$,)+)B &)-"2`"..),) -/@$.

2. !2/ ,+$,)+" \XSX\iNPO "=4$!$+C&A 9 9)!$ %('(>(%)C,

%(>%(-(&A &%$-/%&' 2)@/%"+L.K6 ($@"b +/�$ (4)BD) /

-/./%"+L.K6 ($@"b -"C/ (#%)):

|Q\XNOU \XSX\r\iN\XSr ST� WiTYfST^ kgPXSTP, � YQ-

\XRSXN � § .0!A), 9< .=4(9$!+)9" ".0!)+) =4$!(&$+C %(

.5$4&A (.$J.$#/+/ 4$4 .$4$J$./" (2"@$%"+0 &B"2%L).

E(01'

�. }�XeriTtU efqTQU S~P �NeTP lR�ceXU. ¸êgSST^,

µ® XyS~U ¥W� �eeOP R�XeÀU. 2. ÐrµQRST\e¢U ¥W~ S�P

VPXPSNOP YQX�eckr�U l�^qrP rhU S®P �RNXPÇ Ve^WrtST V\-

�r�ecµ]PTU V\ S¢U WXSiNYTU. 3. ÖW~ ST� Sr_PNST^ uµtP

V�gPkc S~ �qXeµXÇ V�gPc \geeQRSTP ßP. °X� ¥µtP VWXN-

PT^ ��QTP �XP¤RrSXQ. 4. �i~ ST� liqT^ �TêrZT^ [\iQ-

��U, ÒPX µ® £RSriTP �XPÀU �PTÛ. 5. ôYc W]�cPrP �

veQTU, \X� � _rQµÍP �XNPrSXQ [Wrek�P. 6. |Q\XNOU \X-

�64

SX\r\iN\XSr ST� WiTYfST^ kgPXSTP, � YQ\XRSXN. 7. �r� u

Ver^kriNX �iQRSTP \S¢µX \]\iQSXQ \X� \iQk¤RrSXQ.

8. ÆhR_^PkrNcP �P, rh �XPrNcP �WQRSTU �NeTU üP. 9. Ø

uµrS]iX WfeQU uµwU [W]RSXe\rP, � �kcPXtTQ, ©U YQXer-

�Tµ]PTÛ ¥µtP Wri� R^µµX_NXU. �0. ÐcRr§U ¥W~ ST�

WXSi~U rhU S®P °i¤ScP [WTRSXer�U ([WrRSXeµ]PTU) S~P

·QP�SXîTP [W]\SrQPrP. ��. ËiX lRWXiSXQ � RtSTU, � qr-

OiqTN; �2. �~ ÆhqXtTP l_rQ WTee�U P¤RTÛ YQrRWXiµ]PXU.

�3. �P S� �er^RQPNª WrYNª � Wi�STU RtSTU e]qrSXQ RWX-

i¢PXQ. �4. �~ Wi�STP S�P �riR�P PX^SQ\~P YrQP� _rQµ�-

PQ YQrRWgic \X� YQr�kgic. �5. þ�irQ \X� mok^µNo S®P Wf-

eQP YQr�kgi\XSr, � WTetSXQ. �6. ¬ [qXk¢U WXQYrNXU \Xi-

W~U TzWTSr YQX�kXi¤RrSXQ. �7. �� RSNX S]SXSXQÇ WerZ-

RXSr, � PX�SXQ. �8. qXP V\S]SX\XU ST§U efqTÛ, � m¢-

STiÇ P�P Y� RNqX. �9. �~ S�P ùºOµXNOP erqr�POP RcµrtTP

�P [rS~U [iqîT�U VW� µX\iT� YfiXSTU [PXSrSXµ]PTU.

20. |XirtTU ÊiqNRkc [\TZRXU, �SQ T� �kcPXtTQ \X� T� �X-

\rYXQµfPQTQ ST§U \¤i^\XU ST§U ¥W� XyST� [WTRSXe]PSXU

[Wr\SfPXRQP.

3(01#0%

YQX�geeO 4+"-"%$%L (.4. !AC9"+)

e^W]O ),)2#$%L; e^W]TµXQ &4)2*"%L

V\�geeO -K*2$&K-$%L, -K-,).'%L

YQXRWrNiO 2$&&"/-$%L, 2$&-(2)&%2$.'%L

u mok^µNX, XU +",4)BK&+/"

� \XiWfU, T� (+)@

\XSX\iNPO )&Db@$%L

UlJjWHLµUI &%K@/%L&';

S~ �RSNTP, T^ ($2D&

KgFHG .$%',/-$%L, &%2"B/%L-(&'), .$(2',$%L(&') (.4. ,)-="&$%0>(, eZIXVWMI_TS)

V\SrNPO -K%',/-$%L

[PXSrNPO (2)%',/-$%L --"23, ()@./B$%L, 2$&%'-,/-$%L

S~ ÆhqXtTP, T^ d,"6&4)" B)2"

� erqr�P, �PTU +",/).

�65

45 ,676&6 8%7('%

��XV `{ ORHiTXKTVM � Q�PXI\ lSm lSPZ[M OZIWKTVM, X�-

XV O�iMK lSm Xc jUjiMUS. (3*. g3, 26)

�O}�HsVM � TZVWPpM XIY TZVdPSU X[M TZ�PIM SGXIY.

lSm OM X� TZVWPVUM SGX[M µ{M nZVTVM ZSPc X�M �`[M lSm

lSXVZSXtsK, lSm Xc ZVXVUMc XIY IGPSMIY lSXL�SJVM SG-

X�. µSm �XVPIM lSXLZVTVM OZm X�M ZLXPSM, lSm �_{M O}K-

PiMsK Ùc X[ µ� nQVUM ~lµi`S. µSm �XVPIM nZVTVM OM µLT�

X]M xlSMs]M, lSm T_µ�_VdTSU S| �lSMsSU xZLZMU}SM SGX�.

µSm �XVPIM nZVTVM V~\ X�M J�M X�M xJSs�M lSm �_{M OZIWK-

TVM lSPZ[M klSXIMXSZHSTWIMS. wSYXS HLJpM O��MVUa �

nQpM ÏXS xlIqVUM xlI_LXp. (u'. 8, 5-8)

v´XIU `L V~TUM I| ZSPc X�M �`�Ma �ZI_ TZVWPVXSU � H�-

JI\ lSm �XSM xlIqTpTUM, VGs�\ nPQVXSU � TSXSM�\ lSm S�-

PVU X[M H�JIM X[M OTZSPµLMIM V~\ SGXIq\. (3'. 4, g5)

�eXRSgPO (2)/J2$&%$%L � _fiSTU, T ̂ %2$-$ S~ sQsgPQTP, T ̂ (+"-"+, &)2-

.'4 RWrNiO &"'%L, &$b$%L WNWSO, aor. lWrRTP ($@$%L \XSXWXS]O -%$(%K-$%L S~ WrSrQPfP, T� (%/�$ \XSX�gqO =">!. ()b/2$%L

�ZO -K2$&%$%L �riXNPO &D`/%L u h\µgU, gYTU -+$,$ u �\XPkX, XU `/(, %"2. [WTWPNqO @D`/%L ²\XSTPSXWeXRNOP, on -)

&%) 2$J *)+L`/6 S~ TÜ, ¯SfU D3) rykZU ."B"@+"..)

<="%;*(*#.

I. !"2"-"@/%" / )(2"@"+/%" )&.)-D .$&%)'C",) -2"B"./:

YQ]�kXiSXQ, SrSXµ]PTU, [W]RSXeST, VRWXi\�U, [Wr\ST-

P]PXQ, VR�gekXQ.

�66

II. H(2"@"+/%" a)2BK: S]SX\X, S]SX_X � S]SX\SXQ, S]SX-

SXQ � �r�ecµ]PTU, �r�erµµ]PTU, �r�eXµµ]PTU � R�ge-

erQU, R�XerNU, R�XertU � [WT\SrNPXRQ, [Wr\SfPXRQ.

III. !"2"-"@/%", )*2$C$' -./B$./" .$ J.$#"./' a)2B

)% �XNPO: �. �]�Xq\X ¥µtP ST§U [qiTZU. 2. ×�P �XP�

\X� S®P Th\NXP, ÒPX \X� Wri� SXZScU [WT�¤PcRkr S®P

qP�µcP. 3. ��gPcRXP, ©U �i�, \X� �eeTQ �NeTQ. 4. °X�

STZSTQU ¥W� VµT� �XPk¤RrSXQ, ½ ¥µtP ±Yc W]�XPSXQ.

5. ¸XNPTPSXQ, rh µ® R�geeTµXQ, \X� TÅSTQ VWQk^µrtP ST�

krwRkXQ S~P T¡\TP.

�67

2"?) 5;

I)2."-)6 $)2/&%. P & /.@/4$%/-)B. ¸kgPO + accusati-

vus; rz_TµXQ + dativus; ,+$,)+K, &+)b.K" & lRScP.

)89B=78E 389C45

9"4)%)2K" ,+$,)+K, )&.)-$ 4)%)2K3 )4$.#/-$"%&' .$

,+$&.K", #"2"@D0C/" @)+,)%D / 42$%4)&%L ("/Ô, "/c, r/c,

T/O, ø/÷), )*2$JD0% $)2/&% ."()&2"@&%-"..KB (2/&)"-

@/."./"B 4 ,+$,)+L.)6 )&.)-" +/#.K3 )4).#$./6 *"J

&Daa/4&)- / &)"@/./%"+L.K3 ,+$&.K3 ($%"B$%/#"&4/6

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Praesens H&.)-$ Aoristus Futurum Perfectum

C1*67% *% J/K

[WTYQYigR\O

0@$,(&A

YiÔ-,

Yi"-

[W]YiXP [WTYigRT-

µXQ

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V_gicP! _Xi¤RO! \r_gic\X!

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(2"a/4&$B/, .$(2/B"2: �XNPO )!&) � V\�XNPO 9</"-

!)&A, rhR�XNPO 9/"!)&A, [PX�XNPO 9"./"!)&A.

Indicativus

Sg. � lYiÔP! l�cP! lqPOP! lY÷P!

2 lYiÔU! l�cU! lqPOU! lY÷U!

3 lYiÔ! l�c! lqPO! lY÷!

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Pl. � lYiÔµrP! l�cµrP! lqPOµrP! lY÷µrP!

2 lYiÔSr! l�cSr! lqPOSr! lY÷Sr!

3 lYiÔRXP! l�cRXP! lqPORXP! lY÷RXP!

Coniunctivus

Sg. � Yi� �� qP� YZO

2 YipU �ÀU qP�U YZ�U

3 Yip �À qP� YZ�

Pl. � Yi�µrP ��µrP qP�µrP YZOµrP

2 YipSr �¢Sr qP�Sr YZcSr

3 Yi�RQ(P) ��RQ(P) qP�RQ(P) YZORQ(P)

Optativus

Sg. � YiXNcP �XNcP qPTNcP �

2 YiXNcU �XNcU qPTNcU �

3 YiXNc �XNc qPTNc �

Pl. � YiXtµrP �XtµrP qPTtµrP �

2 YiXtSr �XtSr qPTtSr �

3 YiXtrP �XtrP qPTtrP �

Imperativus

Sg. 2 � �¢kQ! qP�kQ! Y�kQ!

3 � �¤SO! qP�SO! YZSO!

Pl. 2 � �¢Sr! qP�Sr! Y�Sr!

3 � �gPSOP,

�¤SORXP!

qPfPSOP,

qP�SORXP!

YZPSOP,

YZSORXP!

Infinitivus

YiwPXQ �¢PXQ qP�PXQ Y�PXQ

Participium

m YigU,

YigPSTU!

�gU,

�gPSTU!

qPTZU,

qPfPSTU!

YZU,

YZPSTU!

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f YiwRX,

YigRcU!

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qPT�RX,

qPTZRcU!

Y�RX,

YZRcU!

n YigP,

YigPSTU!

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�gPSTU!

qPfP,

qPfPSTU!

YZP,

YZPSTU!

NB !"2"@ ,2D(()6 -PS- @)+,/6 ,+$&.K6 &)42$C$"%&' (&2.

�¢kQ / �gPSOP, lqPO / qPfPSTU).

/#*'%01#1

�. M$&%/�$ �P -) B.),)B &))%-"%&%-D"% 2D&&4)6 #$&%/�"

@<. H.$ D()%2"*+'"%&' & 2$J.KB/ .$4+)."./'B/ / )%-

,+$,)+L.KB/ #$&%'B/ 2"#/. *B]CP35C7 CND=9^=P53

CQC 389C453 4 �H D4$JK-$"% /+/ �) .$ -)JB)b.)" @"6-

&%-/" - (2)`+)B (modus potentialis):

lerqTP �P C ,"9"4)+ @<, C 5", @< .'(>(&A, /+/

2) .$ @"6&%-/", (2)%/-)()+)b.)" @"6&%-/%"+L.)&%/

(modus irrealis), 4$4 (2$-/+), - ,+$-.)B (2"@+)b".//

D&+)-.),) ("2/)@$:

rh V�TZerST, lqiX¹rP �P $.+) @< "% /"&$+, &" %(=)-

.(+ @<.

:B("2a"4% - %$4)B &+D#$" )*)J.$#$"% @"6&%-/" @+/-

%"+L.)" /+/ ()-%)2'0C""&', (2)%/-)()+)b.)" @"6&%-

-/%"+L.)&%/ 4$4 - .$&%)'C"B, %$4 / - (2)`"@`"B -2"-

B"./. 1)2/&% b" )*)J.$#$"% @"6&%-/" ."@+/%"+L.)",

(2)%/-)()+)b.)" @"6&%-/%"+L.)&%/ %)+L4) - (2)`"@-

`"B -2"B"./.

2. 8+$,)+ _hmHG "=$4$?(&A '","-+)@", =4$!0=4$?!(&A,

=".=$9(&A 4(%AB$ D(2$-+'"% -/./%"+L.KB ($@"b)B,

D()%2"*+'"%&' )*K#.) & (2/#$&%/"B / ("2"-)@/%&' .$-

2"#/"B =4$?!$, 4(%AB$, $ (2/#$&%/" � +/#.)6 a)2B)6

,+$,)+$:

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�kgPT^RQP VW� S� �\iª qrPfµrPTQ ST§U WTerµNTÛ �

"%) 4(%AB$ %$=4)C&$+$7 9>"B+) %( 9<."&0 («"=$4$?(D&

%$=4)C&$+$7, "'(>(9B).A %( 9<."&$»).

3. 8+$,)+ g�jLµUI 5"+)&A.C '"50-+)@" D(2$-+'"% @$-

%"+L.KB ($@"b)B:

rz_rSXQ krTtU "% 5"+)&.C @",(5.

4. I)2."-)6 $)2/&% nJKoH, )*2$J)-$..K6 () $%"B$%/#"-

&4)BD %/(D )% ,+$,)+$ ÒRScµQ .&(9)&A, /B""% ."("2"-

3)@.)" J.$#"./" C .&(+. A()%2"*/%"+L.K (2"a/4&$+L-

.K" a)2BK {%),) ,+$,)+$ & $)2/&%)B %$4b" - ."("2"-

3)@.)B J.$#".//: [PNRScµQ ="!%)5(&A � [P]RScP C

="!%C+.C, [�NRScµQ "&.&(9+C&A, 0!(+C&A "& -$,"-+)@" �

[W]RScP C 0!(+)+.C, V�NRScµQ .&(9)&A 9" ,+(9$ � VW-

]RScP C .&(+ 9" ,+(9$, WiTNRScµQ .&(9)&A 9=$4$!) �

WiT]RScP C 9.&(+ 9=$4$!), R^PNRScµQ .&(9)&A 95$.&$,

."@)4(&A � R^P]RScP C .&(+ 95$.&$, C ."B$+.C.

$8A793�=BC= CA 5=3593

ó¹� S¢U ¥RSgScU S�P |QTP^RNOP uµ]iXU V�r�¤µrP V\

ST� krgSiT^ WgPSOU ¼efPSrU ¥W~ kXZµXSTU \X� VPkT^-

RQXRµT�. ÎqPOµrP q�i ST§U �kcPXNTÛ Ty µfPTP S�P

�eeOP Äee¤POP \irNSSTÛ \X� WeT^RQOS]iTÛ, [ee� \X�

VµWrQiTS]iTÛ ßPSXU S¢U WTQ¤RrOU. ¬ Pr�SXSTU uµ�P

l�kc uµwU e]qOPÇ �¿h V�¢P, V�TêfµcP �P [r� �k¤PcRQ

�Q�PXQ, ÒPX qP� WgPSXU ST§U Sr_PNSXU \X� WTQcS�U \X�

�QeTRf�TÛ V\ STZST^ ST� Y¤µT^ V\�ZPSXU Þ V� �eeOP

WferOP rhR�gPSXU rhU SfYr S~ �RS^. �ee� [YZPXSfP VRSQÇ

_i® q�i uµwU Wer�RXQ rhU S®P WXSiNYX VP SÀYr SÀ P^\SN�.

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]RSc e]qOPÇ �ÆySN\X YZRrSXQ � veQTU, \X� ST� ueNT^ YZP-

STU Ty_ uY§ ¾P rjc YQ� S�P RSrP�P �Y�P �¢PXQ. ·]qQRSTU

qgi VRSQP � �µQeTU � S�P rhU S~P eQµ]PX \XSX�gPSOP.

|Q� ST�ST ¥µtP R^µ�TêrZOÇ WerZRXSr XziQTP. ×�P Y�

rjR�cSr rhU S®P Th\NXP µT^. ¿hR�gPSrU Y� eTZRXRkr \X�

\XeT§U _QS�PXU VPYZPSrU [PXWXZRXRkr \X� YrQWP¤RXSr.

ÎWrQSX Y� R^µWfRQTP WTQT�PSrU YQXerq�µrkX Wri� S�P

WTQcS�P, ÒPX qP�Sr S¤P Sr �ZRQP \X� S� liqX XyS�P. ·c-

Yr�U ¥µ�P [WTYigSO, µcY� �SXP uµ�P YQXerqTµ]POP �

veQTU WgeQP [PXYZ� V\ S¢U kXegSScU. ¿h Y� µ® XziQTP

±Yc Tj\XYr VWXPrekrtP V�TZerRkr, WerNTPXU ¾P lSQ uµ]-

iXU \X� PZ\SXU T£SO YQrerqfµrkX. �qÍ µ�P vRkcP �P, rh

VPNXU lSQ uµ]iXU VµrNPXSr �k¤PcRQP�.

�rQRk]PSrU T¨P S� �kcPXNª rhR]�cµrP \X� eT^Rgµr-

PTQ �eeTÛ _QS�PXU VP]Y^µrP. ·rS� T¨P SX�SX �i�gµr-

kX ST� R^µWTRNT^, \X� T� YT�eTQ V\fµQRXP \iXS¢iX \X�

T¡PTP \X� WTS¤iQX. ØµrtU Y� VRSr�XPOµ]PTQ Wi�P WNPrQP

[P]RScµrP ©U ¥µP¤RTPSrU \X� STtU krTtU ry�fµrPTQ, µg-

eQRSX Y� S� �TRrQY�PQ, ÒPX XziQTP uµtP _XiNscSXQ V\-

Wer^RTµ]PTQU.

/(*'(*2##

�. ÚP�kQ RrX^SfP. 2. °X\TtU �µQe�P \XyS~U V\�¤R�

\X\fU. 3. �zWO WXR�P S�P uµri�P veQTU Y]Y^\rP. 4. |�U

rhU S~P XyS~P WTSXµ~P Ty\ ¾P Vµ�XNcU (&+)-$, (2/(/&K-

-$"BK" 8"2$4+/%D). 5. °iTtRTU ðe^P YQX��U µrqgecP [i-

_®P \XSXeZRrQ ((2"@&4$J$./" >"+La/6&4),) )2$4D+$,

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\X\~P µ]qQRSTP [Pki�WTQU l�^.

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l�erWrP, Ty\ ¾P �eOU ±krerP XyS~ �e]WrQP.

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`"-+"./" (.4. ¨%&0>)(>5)

qQqP�R\O J.$%L �kgPO )("2"b$%L, D&("-$%L

2$.L`"

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YZTµXQ (),2Db$%L&' XziQTP J$-%2$ eTZO BK%L

� _QS�P, �PTU 3/%).

VPYZTµXQ .$@"-$%L, (2)./-4$%L 9" -&"-+)@"

S~ R^µWfRQTP, T ̂ (/2

[WTYQYigR\O D*",$%L [PXYZTµXQ -K.K2/-$%L � \iXS¤i, ¢iTU 42$%"2, &)-

&D@ @+' &B"`/-$./' -/.$ & -)@)6 (.4. '4(&$4 � -(B$-"@4(>%(C 9"4"%'( 90+'(%()

S~ WTS¤iQTP, T ̂ 4D*)4 (.4. ="&)4)

RSr�XPfO D-".#/-$%L

WNPO (/%L

[PNRScµQ ()@./B$%L WiTNRScµQ &%$-/%L -("2"@/ V\We]O )%(+K-$%L

¹r^Y¤U, ]U +)b.K6

S~ lRTWSiTP, T^ J"24$+) �

�µQeTU, T^ %"&.)%$, @$-4$, %)+($

45 ,676&6 8%7('%

�lSm ZSPSHSRªM ±LXPIM lSm ²piMMKM lSm ²ilpRIM xM-

LRK V~\ X[ ÅPI\ ZPITVq}STsSU. (u'. 9, 28)

�V~ lSm OJM�lSµVM lSXc TiPlS ¡PUTX�M, xHHc MYM

IGlLXU JUM�TlIµVM. (2 2"4. 5, g6)

F� XU\ ÌlVd OJMplLMSU XU, IÐZp nJMp lSsª\ `Vd JM]-

MSUa V~ `L XU\ xJSZ� X[M sV�M, I´XI\ nJMpTXSU eZ� SGXIY.

(g 2"4. 8, 2-3)

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ZP�TpZIM ZP[\ ZP�TpZIMa �PXU JUM�Tlp Ol µLPI_\, X�XV

`{ OZUJM�TIµSU lSsª\ lSm OZVJM�TsKM. (g 2"4. g3, g2)

F~ `{ kS_XI�\ ÙVlPWMIµVM, IGl ®M OlPUM�µVsSa lPUM�µV-

MIU `{ eZ[ XIY µ_PWI_ ZSU`V_�µVsS, �MS µ� T�M X� l�Tµ�

lSXSlPUs]µVM. (g 2"4. gg, 3g-32)

FrZVM SGXId\ � ²KTIY\a V~ X_�HIm ºXV, IGl ®M V�QVXV

�µSPXWSMa MYM `{ HLJVXV �XU RHLZIµVM, N �µSPXWS eµ]M

µLMVU. (�%. 9, 4g)

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[PX�XNPO -)&3)@/%L S~ ßiTU, TÛ ,)2$

S~ lRTWSiTP, T^ J"24$+) S~ XjPQqµX, XSTU J$,$@4$ \iNPO &D@/%L \XSX\iNPO )&Db@$%L

45 96&61$:;(*#.

Úe�RRXP, õP Ty\ lqPO, ±\T^RrP u ÐrTSf\TUÇ VegerQ

q�i Wi~U XyS®P � [i_gqqreTU ST� ryXqqreQRµT� S� i¤-

µXSX� (?%/3/2$ .$ &%/3)-." ò+$,)-"C"./', ,+$& 4)

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S~ i¢µX, XSTU &+)-)

<="%;*(*#.

I. !"2"-"@/%": �. ¿jR�ckQ rhU S~ µ]qXiTP. 2. ¿jkr R§ WiT-

RSXNcU S¢U RSiXSQwU. 3. �PgRScSr, � µXkcSXNÇ WecRQgsrQ

q�i � YQYgR\XeTU. 4. |Q� SN [W]RScSr �XRQe]OU, � ÈOPrU;

5. �X^RXPNXU S� RSiXS� VWQRS�U VPN\cRrP. 6. �� S�P

R^µµg_OP uqrµfPrU R^P]RScRXP ©U YQXer�fµrPTQ. 7.

×]TP �µgSQTP VPY§U �¤RTµXQ rhU S®P [qTigP. 8. �W]YiX �

YT�eTU XyST�Ç �T�T�µXQ, µ® ¼e�. 9. ôYc Y]Y^\rP � veQ-

TUÇ V�P WgeQP [PXYZ�, WTir^RfµrkX.

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#/&+$ ()@*"2/%" &))%-"%&%-D0C/" B.)b"&%-"..),), /

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[WTYigPSrU, Yi�PSrU � YiwP, [WTYiwPXQ, YiwRXQ � Wg-

RXU S�U PX�U lY^RXP, WTeeX� P¢rU lY^RXP � u �ZRQU

WXPSTtX s�X �ZrQ \X� [r� �ZRrQ � \X� VP STZSª S� lXiQ

WTee� �Pkc l�^.

III. !"2"-"@/%", )*2$C$' )&)*)" -./B$./" .$ D()%2"-

*+"./" #$&%/�K �P: �. ¿h µ® � veQTU ±Yc lY^, TzWO ¾P Tj-

\XYr l�cµrP. 2. ��P [R�Xe�U �Q�PXQ Vk]e�U, �NOkQ \XS�

ST§U PfµTÛ. 3. éRSQU ¾P SÀ [YQ\No [PSQRSÀ, ¥W~ S�P

[qXk�P kriXWr^k¤RrSXQ. 4. ÄgeOSr \X� V\TegRkcSr �P,

rh µ® [W]YiXSr. 5. Î�kcU �P µr, rh kwSSTP lYiXµrU. 6. ¬

²X^S~P qPT§U \X� ST§U �eeTÛ mpTP ¾P qPTNc. 7. ¿h Wi~U

S~P eQµ]PX \XS]�XQPrU, uqTZµcP �P RTQ.

�76

2"?) 5 2

|NYOµQ - $4%/-.)B / B"@/$+L.)-($&&/-.)B ((2"/BDC"&%-"..) - D(2$b."./'3) J$+),".

5)(2)&/%"+L.K" (2"@+)b"./' & ëiX; ,+$,)+K, &+)b.K" & YNYOµQ.

�FVGµI 7 3P5C7B8N

C N=]C3Q6B8-D344C7B8N A3Q8R=

8+$,)+ YNYOµQ !(9(&A )%.)&/%&' 4) II &(2'b"./0,

/+/ &(2'b"./0 .$ -µQ, - 4)%)2)B -K@"+'0% @-" ,2D((K:

�) ,+$,)+K, D 4)%)2K3 )4).#$./' - *)+L`"6 #$&%/ a)2B

(2/&)"@/.'0%&' ."()&2"@&%-"..) 4 )&.)-", 4$4 - &+D#$"

,+$,)+$ YNYOµQ (YNYT-µrP 5< !($5), / 2) ,+$,)+K, D 4)-

%)2K3 B"b@D ,+$,)+L.)6 )&.)-)6 / )4).#$./'B/ - (2"-

J".&" / /B("2a"4%" /B""%&' &Daa/4& (YrN\-P^-µrP 5<

="'(><9($5).

8+$,)+K ("2-)6 ,2D((K /B"0% ,+$,)+L.D0 )&.)-D .$

,+$&.K6 J-D4 (r-, T-, X). H%+/#/" /3 )% ,+$,)+)- .$ -O 4$-

&$"%&' %2"3 -2"B".: praesens, imperfectum / aoristus II.

!)+.)" &(2'b"./" - .$&%)'C"B -2"B"./, /B("2a"4%"

/ -%)2)B $)2/&%" /B"0% %)+L4) #"%K2" ,+$,)+$: YNYOµQ

!(9(&A (,+$,)+L.$' )&.)-$ YT-), SNkcµQ '+(.&A (,+$,)+L-

.$' )&.)-$ kr-), ÒcµQ =".<+(&A (,+$,)+L.$' )&.)-$ ²-),

�RScµQ .&(9)&A (,+$,)+L.$' )&.)-$ RSX-). H&%$+L.K"

-2"B".$ ,+$,)+)- ("2-)6 ,2D((K II &(2'b"./' )*2$JD-

0%&' %$4 b", 4$4 / D ,+$,)+)- I &(2'b"./'.

8+$,)+ YNYOµQ !(9(&A, 4$4 / ."4)%)2K" @2D,/" ,+$-

,)+K ("2-)6 ,2D((K II &(2'b"./', - .$&%)'C"B -2"B"-

./ / /B("2a"4%" /B""% D@-)"./". 1 /B"..), .$#$+L.K6

&),+$&.K6 J-D4 - &)#"%$.// & ,+$&.KB -Q- &%$-/%&' ("2"@

�77

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a)2B$ � +/�$ "@/.&%-"..),) #/&+$ .$&%)'C",) -2"B"./ �

YNYOµQ.

?4B87BO= ^89NO RQ3R8Q3 VFVGµI ?%7%')

Praesens indicativi activi YNYOµQ !(D

Futurum indicativi activi Y�RO C !(5, @0!0 !(9(&A

Aoristus indicativi activi lYO\X C !(+

Perfectum indicativi activi Y]YO\X C (0?$) !(+

Perfectum indicativi med.-pass. Y]YTµXQ C (0?$) !(+ .(5,

C (0?$) !(%

Aoristus indicativi passivi VYfkcP C @<+ !(%

:B"0%&' %$4b" )%,+$,)+L.K" (2/+$,$%"+L.K" YTSfU

!(%%<7 / YTS]TU !"+?%<7 @<&A !(%%<5.

(D9:p=BC= RQ3R8Q3 VFVGµI ?%7%')

Indicativus

Praesens

act. med.

Sg. � YNYOµQ YNYTµXQ

2 YNYOU YNYTRXQ

3 YNYORQ(P) YNYTSXQ

Pl. � YNYTµrP YQYfµrkX

2 YNYTSr YNYTRkr

3 YQYfXRQ(P) YNYTPSXQ

Imperfectum

act. med.

Sg. � VYNYT^P VYQYfµcP

2 VYNYTÛ VYNYTRT

3 VYNYT^ VYNYTST

�78

Pl. � VYNYTµrP VYQYfµrkX

2 VYNYTSr VYNYTRkr

3 VYNYTRXP VYNYTPST

Aoristus

act. med.

Sg. � lYO\X VYfµcP

2 lYO\XU lYT^

3 lYO\r(P) lYTST

Pl. � lYTµrP VYfµrkX

2 lYTSr lYTRkr

3 lYTRXP lYTPST

NB I)."#.K6 ,+$&.K6 J-D4 )&.)-K - "@/.&%-"..)B #/&+" /J�'-/%"+L.),) .$4+)."./' D@+/.'"%&': T > O, $ -) B.)b"&%--"..)B #/&+" @"6&%-/%"+L.),) J$+),$ / - a)2B$3 B"@/$+L.)-,) J$+),$ )&%$"%&' 42$%4/B. x)2BK /B("2a"4%$ - "@/.&%-".-.)B #/&+" )*2$J)-$.K 4$4 D &+/%.K3 ,+$,)+)- .$ -fO. H4).-

#$./' (2/&)"@/.'0%&' ."()&2"@&%-"..) 4 )&.)-".

Praesens ind. act. /B""% )&)*K" )4).#$./': - � +/�"

Sing. � -µQ, - 3 � -RQ(P), - 3 +/�" Pl. � -ÔRQ(P). 5 imperfec-

tum / aor. II ind. act. 3 +/�) Pl. /B""% )4).#$./" -RXP.

5 )4).#$./'3 2 +/�$ "@/.&%-"..),) #/&+$ B"@/$+L-

.),) J$+),$ - .$&%)'C"B -2"B"./ (-RXQ) / /B("2a"4%"

(-RT) &/,B$ B"b@D ,+$&.KB/ ." -K($@$"%.

Coniunctivus

Praesens Aoristus

act. med. act. med.

Sg. � YQY� YQY�µXQ Y� Y�µXQ

2 YQY�U YQY� Y�U Y�

3 YQY� YQY�SXQ Y� Y�SXQ

�79

Pl. � YQY�µrP YQY�µrkX Y�µrP Y�µrkX

2 YQY�Sr YQY�Rkr Y�Sr Y�Rkr

3 YQY�RQ(P) YQY�PSXQ Y�RQ(P) Y�PSXQ

NB x)2BK 4).�0.4%/-$ (2"J".&$ / $)2/&%$ /B"0% &)"@/./-%"+L.K" ,+$&.K" O / c, 4$4 / ,+$,)+K .$ -O. d%/ ,+$&.K" &+/--$0%&' & 4)."#.KB ,+$&.KB )&.)-K.

Optativus

Praesens Aoristus

act. med. act. med.

Sg. � YQYTNcP YQYTNµcP YTNcP YTNµcP

2 YQYTNcU YQYTtT YTNcU YTtT

3 YQYTNc YQYTtST YTNc YTtST

Pl. � YQYTtµrP YQYTNµrkX YTtµrP, YTNcµrP YTNµrkX

2 YQYTtSr YQYTtRkr YTtSr, YTNcSr YTtRkr

3 YQYTtrP YQYTtPST YTtrP, YTNcRXP YTtPST

NB !2/J.$4 )(%$%/-$ - "@/.&%-"..)B #/&+" .$&%)'C",) -2"B"./ / $)2/&%$ $4%/-.),) J$+),$ � -Qc-, -) B.)b"&%-"..)B

#/&+" � -Q- /+/ (2"b") -Qc-; - B"@/$+L.)B / ($&&/-.)B J$+)," (2/J.$4 )(%$%/-$ � -Q-. 8+$&.K6 Q &+/-$"%&' & (2"@`"&%-D0-C/B ,+$&.KB )&.)-K - @/a%).,, 4$4 / D ,+$,)+)- .$ -O.

Imperativus

Praesens Aoristus

act. med. act. med.

Sg.2 YNYT^! YNYTRT! YfU! YT�!

3 YQYfSO! YQYfRkO! YfSO! YfRkO!

Pl. 2 YNYTSr! YNYTRkr! YfSr! YfRkr!

3 YQYfPSOP! YQYfRkOP! YfPSOP! YfRkOP!

NB 5 a)2B" 2 +/�$ "@/.&%-"..),) #/&+$ /B("2$%/-$ .$-&%)'C",) -2"B"./ @"6&%-/%"+L.),) J$+),$ )4).#$./" -r, 4)-%)2)" &+/-$"%&' & ,+$&.KB )&.)-K (YNYT^ < YNYTr !(9(7). 5

�80

a)2B" 2 +/�$ "@/.&%-"..),) #/&+$ /B("2$%/-$ $)2/&%$ )4).#$./" -U (YfU !(7).

Infinitivus

Praesens Aoristus

act. med. act. med.

YQYfPXQ! YNYTRkXQ! YT�PXQ! YfRkXQ!

NB :.a/./%/-K .$&%)'C",) -2"B"./ / $)2/&%$ - $4%/-.)B

J$+)," /B"0% )4).#$./" -PXQ, ("2"@ 4)%)2KB - (2"J".&" .$-3)@/%&' 42$%4/6 ,+$&.K6 & )&%2KB D@$2"./"B, $ - $)2/&%" � @)+,/6 & )*+"#"..KB D@$2"./"B.

Participium

Praesens Aoristus

act. med. act. med.

m YQYTZU,

YQYfPSTU!

YQYfµrPTU! YTZU,

YfPSTU!

YfµrPTU!

f YQYT�RX,

YQYTZRcU!

YQYTµ]Pc! YT�RX,

YTZRcU!

YTµ]Pc!

n YQYfP,

YQYfPSTU!

YQYfµrPTP! YfP,

YfPSTU!

YfµrPTP!

S$%&6$+, 1$6;*+( 1 TUTOµV

H% ,+$,)+$ YNYOµQ !(9(&A D()%2"*/%"+L.K (2"a/4-

&$+L.K" a)2BK, .$(2/B"2: [WTYNYOµQ "&!(9(&A %(>(!,

=$4$!(9(&A, =4"!(9(&A, V\YNYOµQ 9<!(9(&A, "&!(9(&A,

µrSXYNYOµQ =$4$!(9(&A, 0!$+C&A, WXiXYNYOµQ =$4$!(-

9(&A, .!(9(&A, WiTYNYOµQ =4$!(9(&A.

/#*'%01#1

!2)&%K" ()@.)#+"..K") -)(2)&/%"+L.K" (2"@+)b"./'

--)@'%&' &("�/$+L.KB/ -)(2)&/%"+L.KB/ #$&%/�$B/,

�8�

&2"@/ 4)%)2K3 -"&LB$ D()%2"*/%"+L.$ #$&%/�$ �eU (ëi�

Ty, ëiX µ¤) +). ?$B$ #$&%/�$ ëiX ." D4$JK-$"%, 4$4)6

)b/@$"%&' )%-"%, D%-"2@/%"+L.K6 /+/ )%2/�$%"+L.K6:

ËiX ST�ST Vq� WTS� ß¹TµXQ; 09)?0 +) C ¨&" '",!(-

%)@0!A?

7&+/ b" &(2$`/-$0C/6 3)#"% D4$J$%L, #%) ). )b/@$"%

D%-"2@/%"+L.),) -)(2)&$, %) D()%2"*+'"%&' ëi� Ty %$-

0?$+) %$?, 4(>9$ %$?:

Ëi� Ty WXPS� Y¢eTP S~ STQfPYr; 4(>9$ %$ 9.C'"50 C.%"

9"& ¨&"?

I),@$ &(2$`/-$0C/6 3)#"% D4$J$%L, #%) ). )b/@$"%

)%2/�$%"+L.),) )%-"%$, %) D()%2"*+'"%&' ëiX µ¤

%$0?$+)?, 4(>9$?:

Ëig qr µ® VµT� WiTµckrt; %$0?$+) &< @$.="'")BA.C

"@" 5%$?

<=4=]3 8 (8^8PQ= C #79CDC]=

�i~ ST� R^µWTRNT^ � �]PTU T£SO STtU krTtU cz�XSTÇ

��®P µ�P Wi�ScP RWTPY®P YNYOµQ S� |Q� \X� STtU �eeTQU

krTtU, TÝ S� uµrS]iª �RSrQ ße�TP \X� Yf�XP VYNYTRXP \X�

P�P lSQ YQYfXRQP. �®P Y� Yr^S]iXP YNYTµrP S� kr�, ÂU

uµtP YNYORQ S~P T¡PTP. }Z, � |QfP^Rr, \X� VYNYTÛ STtU

WTQcSXtU S~P VPkT^RQXRµfP. �i]WrQ T¨P _giQP [WTYQYf-

PXQ RTQ, ÒPX \X� S~ eTQW~P uµtP YQY�U STQTZSTÛ [TQYTZU.

|Q\XNOU ¾P \X� ¥µtP, � ·T�RXQ, _giQP [WTYQYTtµrP. ¿jkr

[r� STtU VPkgYr WTQcSXtU YQYTtSr S®P S¢U WTQ¤RrOU eXµ-

WifScSX�.

·rS� SX�SX YQre]_kcµrP S~ Wi�STP Wri� ÆhR_ZeT^.

��q\OµQgsrSXQ V\rtPTU, � l�c � �]PTU, � µgeQRSX ¥W~

S�P WirR�^S]iOP. �W]WrQRST � WTQcS®U S~P |NX WXPS�

�82

[Pki�Wª S� Wi]WTPSX \X� YrYO\]PXQ \X� Y�RrQP. |Q�

ST�ST \X� VPfµQsr ST§U krT§U XyST§U S®P PN\cP YT�PXQ

STtU èeecRQP. �£SOU VP V\rNPª S� YigµXSQ ä]i�cU YN\cP

YT§U S¢U £�irOU Tj\XYr �rZqrQ. ×�P Y� T� krT� \XQP~P

S¢U WTQ¤RrOU viO uµtP WXi]YTRXP, }T�T\e]X, ÂU WTee�

\X� \Xe� YigµXSX V�]YO\rP. Ëi� Ty\ VµgkrSr S~P lPYT-

�TP S¢U �PSQqfPcU efqTPÇ ��z STQ R^P]_krQP, [ee� R^µ-

�QertP l�^P�; ËiX µ® �qPORSTP ¥µtP VRSQ ST�ST S~ Yiw-

µX; ¬ S�P Ðc�XNOP YrRWfScU \rerZrQ µ® SX�¢PXQ S~P

�PSQqfPcU [Yre�fP, �SQ Wi~U S®P WXSiNYX VRSiXSrZRX-

ST. �PSQqfPc Y� WrQRkrtRX µweeTP STtU S�P kr�P PfµTQU

Þ S� ST� \îNT^ efqª kgWSrQ S~P Pr\i~P \X� [PXq\gsr-

SXQ �T�ri�P YN\cP YT�PXQ S¢U kiXRZScSTU.

×rORS� Y� ¥W� ¿yiQWNYT^ SiXqªYNXQ V\YNYTPSXQ. |rQPf-

SXSTU TÅSTU YT\rt r¡PXQ YceT�P S� S¢U ¹^_¢U Wgkc. ¸N-

eTU �iX �XNPrSXQ îP S�P P]OP �QeTRf�OP, TÝ \XeT�PSXQ

RT�QRSXN. |Q� ST�ST \X� ¯PTµgsrSXQ ¥W� VPNOP �R\cPQ\~U

�QefRT�TU�. ·rSXYfPSOP T� krT� \X� STZSª S¢U RO�iT-

RZPcU, ìU µrS]YTRXP }T�T\ert�.

/(*'(*2##

�. ïU ¾P SX_]OU YQY�, Y�U YNYORQP. 2. öU µ]qX S~ µQ\ifP

VRSQP VP \XQi� YTk]P.

3(01#0%

u RWTPY¤, ¢U -)J+/'./", @),)-)2

YNYOµQ @$-$%L [WTYNYOµQ )%@$-$%L; [WTYN-

YTµXQ (2)@$-$%L; _giQP [WTYNYOµQ *+$,)@$2/%L

u eXµWifScU, cSTU *+"&4

WirR�ZSriTU, X, TP &%$2-`/6

YN\cP YNYOµQ *K%L .$4$J$.-.KB, ()(+$%/%L&'

WXiXYNYOµQ ("2"@$-$%L

�83

V\YNYOµQ -K@$-$%L (-K@$--$%L J$BDb, )%@$-$%L -.$-"B)

ëi� Ty; (&2. ëiX) ."Db"+/ ."? (+(&. nonne)

ëiX µ¤; ."Db"+/ (+(&. nonne)

� RT�QRS¤U, T� &)a/&%

µrSXYNYOµQ D@"+'%L

WiTYNYOµQ (2"@$-$%L

� eTQµfU, T� #DB$

R\cPQ\fU, ¤, fP &�"./#"-&4/6

R^P]_kO (R^Pr_kXNiO) -B"-&%" .".$-/@"%L

ST� (¨%'+.) - &$B)B @"+"

45 ,676&6 8%7('%

�lSm VrZVM SGX� � ÙiRIHI\a TIm `�Tp X�M O}I_TWSM

XSqXKM ¯ZSTSM lSm X�M `�}SM SGX]M, �XU OµIm ZSPS`LÌ-

XSU lSm Á OcM sLHp `W`pµU SGXtM� (u'. 4, 6)

�ZiMXS TXLJIµVM, �MS µt XUMS OJlIZ�M `]µVM X� VG-

SJJVHW� XIY ¡PUTXIY. (g 2"4. 9, g2)

yFJª JcP ZSPLHSRIM xZ[ XIY µ_PWI_, lSm ZSPL`plS

eµdM, �XU � lqPUI\ ²KTIY\ OM X� M_lXm Ò ZSPV`W`VXI nHSRVM

�PXIM� (g 2"4. gg, 23)

¢EliTX� `{ `WÌXSU N �SMLPpTU\ XIY ZMVqµSXI\ ZP[\

X[ T_µ�LPIM. (g 2"4. g2, 7)

yzlIqTSMXV\ `{ I| µSsKXSm O}VZHtTTIMXI T��`PS HL-

JIMXV\a XW\ �PS `qMSXSU Tps�MSU; (3*. g9, 25)

u V�T^RNX, XU -+$&%L WXiXYNYTµQ ("2"@$-$%L RS]qO -K@"2b/-$%L, -K.)-

&/%L u Vq\TW¤, ¢U (2",2$@$

u �XP]iORQU, rOU (2)'-+"-./", 2$&42K%/"

S~ R^µ�]iTP, TPSTU ()+LJ$ V\We¤RRTµXQ D@/-+'%L&' R�fYiX )#".L

45 96&61$:;(*#.

�|fSr S~P Pr\i~P Th S®P sO®P [iPcRgµrPTQÇ YfSr S~P

SX�]PSX Þ WQRSrZRXSr S� [PXRSgPSQ� (?%/3/2$ .$ 3-$-

+/%"3 -)&42"&.$', ,+$& 4)

�84

��NU µTQ Y�RrQ £YOi \X� YX\iZOP WcqgU; u krfP^µ-

�TU �Xik]PTU V\iXZqXsrP, ÒPX \eXZRO S~P qe^\fP µT^

ÃcRT�P� (!)3-$+K A%2"./ 5"+/4)6 ?D**)%K, &%$%/' �)

[iP]TµXQ )%4+).'%L SX�]O (),2"*$%L \iX^qgsO 42/#$%L

\eXNO, fut. \eXZRO (+$4$%L qe^\fU, ¤, fP =">!. &+$@4/6

<="%;*(*#.

I. H*2$JD6%" )% ,+$,)+$ YNYOµQ &+"@D0C/" $4/-.K" /

B"@/$+L.K" a)2BK: inf. praes., aor., fut., perf.; part.

praes., aor., fut., perf.; 2 sg. / pl. imperat. praes. / aor.

II. H(2"@"+/%" a)2BK ,+$,)+$ YNYOµQ / ("2"-"@/%": rjkr

YN\cP YQYTNc � rjkr _giQP [W]YO\rP � rjkr uµwU µ® WiT-

rYNYTÛ � V�P V\Y�U � V�P WiTY�Sr � rh Y�iX lYTSr (@-D-

B' &()&)*$B/, 2$&&#/%K-$' .$ )*$ -)JB)b.K3 %/($

,+$-.),) (2"@+)b"./') � rh Y�iTP VYNYTSr (%) b" &$B)") �

ëiX YN\cP lYTRXP; � ëi� Ty µrS]YTSr XyS� S�P ÊPNOP; �

ëiX µ® XyS~P WiT]YO\XU; � V\rtPfU µr WiTY]YO\rP � S�

�WeX WXiXYT§U ²geO � l\YTU, V\YQYTZU, V�rYNYTÛ, V\YN-

YOU, V\YrYO\�U � [WTYTtST ¾P S~P T¡\TP � µ® [WTY�Rkr

S~P [qifP � WgPSX S� üPQX [WTYfµrPTU [W]Wer^RrP �

WTee� � lµWTiTU �k¤PcRQP [WTY]YTSXQ � S� �WeX WXiX-

YQYfRkO � V�P \XeX� YfRrQU YQY�PSXQ � XhR_ifP VRSQP

¥W~ �NeOP WiTYTk¢PXQ � � YT�eTU � [WTYi�U S� \îNª

WXirYfkc � WXiXYQYfµrPTQ, WXiXYrYTµ]PTQ � S� ¼iWXR-

k]PSX ryk§U V\YTS]X VRSNP.

�85

2"?) 5 3

�NkcµQ; \rtµXQ. ¬ \XeTZµrPTU = %$4 .$JK-$"BK6;

,+$,)+K, &+)b.K" & SNkcµQ; [PSN.

&Q3R8Q KFhoµI

8+$,)+ SNkcµQ '+(.&A (,+$,)+L.$' )&.)-$ kr-) )*2$-

JD"% )&.)-D .$&%)'C",) -2"B"./, 4$4 / ,+$,)+ YNYOµQ

!(9(&A, & ()B)CL0 D@-)"./' .$#$+L.),) &),+$&.),) ,+$-

,)+L.)6 )&.)-K, %)+L4) (2/@K3$%"+L.K6 k - D@-)".//

J$B".'"%&' &))%-"%&%-D0C/B ,+D3/B S.

?4B87BO= ^89NO RQ3R8Q3 KFhoµI 0$%1')

Praesens indicativi activi SNkcµQ C '+(!0

Futurum indicativi activi k¤RO C @0!0 '+(.&A, ="+"?0

Aoristus indicativi activi lkc\X C ="+"?)+

Perfectum indicativi activi S]krQ\X

(S]kc\X)

C (0?$) ="+"?)+

Perfectum indicativi med.-pass. S]krQµXQ C (0?$) ="+"?)+ .(5,

C (0?$) ="+"?$%

Aoristus indicativi passivi VS]kcP 5$%C ="+"?)+),

C @<+ ="+"?$%

:B"0%&' %$4b" )%,+$,)+L.K" (2/+$,$%"+L.K" krSfU

="+"?$%%<7, &"&, '"," 5"?%" ="+"?)&A / krS]TU !"+?-

%<7 @<&A ="+"?$%%<5 (krS]TP %0?%" ="+"?)&A).

�86

(D9:p=BC= RQ3R8Q3 KFhoµI 0$%1')

Indicativus

Praesens

act. med.

Sg.� SNkcµQ SNkrµXQ

2 SNkcU SNkrRXQ

3 SNkcRQ(P) SNkrSXQ

Pl. � SNkrµrP SQk]µrkX

2 SNkrSr SNkrRkr

3 SQk]XRQ(P) SNkrPSXQ

Imperfectum

act. med.

Sg.� VSNkcP VSQk]µcP

2 VSNkrQU VSNkrRT

3 VSNkrQ VSNkrST

Pl. � VSNkrµrP VSQk]µrkX

2 VSNkrSr VSNkrRkr

3 VSNkrRXP VSNkrPST

Aoristus

act. med.

Sg.� lkc\X Vk]µcP

2 lkc\XU lkT^

3 lkc\r(P) lkrST

Pl. � lkrµrP Vk]µrkX

2 lkrSr lkrRkr

3 lkrRXP lkrPST

NB I)."#.K6 ,+$&.K6 J-D4 )&.)-K - "@/.&%-"..)B #/&+" /J�'-/%"+L.),) .$4+)."./' D@+/.'"%&': r > c, $ -) B.)b"&%-

-"..)B #/&+" @"6&%-/%"+L.),) J$+),$ / - a)2B$3 B"@/$+L.)-

�87

,) J$+),$ )&%$"%&' 42$%4/B. x)2BK /B("2a"4%$ VSNkrQU / VSNkrQ )*2$J)-$.K 4$4 D &+/%.K3 ,+$,)+)- .$ -]O. H&)*K" )4).#$./' / (2/.�/(K )*2$J)-$./' a)2B %" b", #%) / D ,+$-

,)+$ YNYOµQ.

Coniunctivus

Praesens Aoristus

act. med. act. med.

Sg. � SQk� SQk�µXQ k� k�µXQ

2 SQkÀU SQkÀ kÀU kÀ

3 SQkÀ SQk¢SXQ kÀ k¢SXQ

Pl. � SQk�µrP SQk�µrkX k�µrP k�µrkX

2 SQk¢Sr SQk¢Rkr k¢Sr k¢Rkr

3 SQk�RQ(P) SQk�PSXQ k�RQ(P) k�PSXQ

Optativus

Praesens Aoristus

act. med. act. med.

Sg.� SQkrNcP SQkrNµcP krNcP krNµcP

2 SQkrNcU SQkrtT krNcU krtT

3 SQkrNc SQkrtST krNc krtST

Pl. � SQkrtµrP SQkrNµrkX krtµrP,

krNcµrP

krNµrkX

2 SQkrtSr SQkrtRkr krtSr,

krNcSr

krtRkr

3 SQkrtrP SQkrtPST krtrP,

krNcRXP

krtPST

Imperativus

Praesens Aoristus

act. med. act. med.

Sg.2 SNkrQ! SNkrRT! k]U! kT�!

3 SQk]SO! SQk]RkO! k]SO! k]RkO!

�88

Pl. 2 SNkrSr! SNkrRkr! k]Sr! k]Rkr!

3 SQk]PSOP! SQk]RkOP! k]PSOP! k]RkOP!

NB 5 a)2B" 2 +/�$ "@/.&%-"..),) #/&+$ /B("2$%/-$ .$-&%)'C",) -2"B"./ @"6&%-/%"+L.),) J$+),$ )4).#$./" -r, 4)-

%)2)" &+/-$"%&' & ,+$&.KB )&.)-K (SNkrQ < SNkrr '+(!)). 5 a)2B" 2 +/�$ "@/.&%-"..),) #/&+$ /B("2$%/-$ $)2/&%$ )4).#$./" -U (k]U ="+"?)).

Infinitivus

Praesens Aoristus

act. med. act. med.

SQk]PXQ! SNkrRkXQ! krtPXQ! k]RkXQ!

Participium

Praesens Aoristus

act. med. act. med.

m SQkrNU,

SQk]PSTU!

SQk]µrPTU! krNU,

k]PSTU!

k]µrPTU!

f SQkrtRX,

SQkrNRcU!

SQkrµ]Pc! krtRX,

krNRcU!

krµ]Pc!

n SQk]P,

SQk]PSTU!

SQk]µrPTP! k]P,

k]PSTU!

k]µrPTP!

S$%&6$+, 1$6;*+( 1 WUXLµV

H% ,+$,)+$ SNkcµQ '+(.&A D()%2"*/%"+L.K (2"a/4-

&$+L.K" a)2BK, .$(2/B"2: [PXSNkcµQ 9">+(,(&A, =4)-

%".)&A ?$4&90, [PSQSNkcµQ '+(.&A %(=4"&)9, =4"&)9"-

=".&(9+C&A, [WTSNkcµQ .+(,(&A, YQXSNkcµQ 4(.="+(,(&A,

VWQSNkcµQ =4)'+(!<9(&A, %(+(,(&A, 9">+(,(&A, µrSXSNkc-

µQ =$4$'+(!<9(&A, WXiXSNkcµQ '+(.&A 9">+$, =4$!+(-

,(&A, WiTRSNkcµQ =4)'+(!<9(&A, R^PSNkcµQ .'+(!<-

9(&A, =4)9"!)&A 9 ="4C!"'.

�89

S$%&6$ YMZµ[V

I ("2-)6 ,2D((" ,+$,)+)- II ($%"B$%/#"&4),)) &(2'-

b"./' )%.)&'%&' ."4)%)2K" )%+)b/%"+L.K" ,+$,)+K,

4$4, .$(2/B"2, ,+$,)+ \rtµXQ +$?(&A ()&.)-$ \rQ-, \r-).

d%)% ,+$,)+ ." /B""% ()+.)6 ($2$@/,BK. !) a)2B" ).

(2"@&%$-+'"% &)*)6 perfectum medii-passivi, $ () J.$#"-

./0 � .$&%)'C"" -2"B'.

Praes. ind. Imperfectum Imperativus Futurum ind.

Sg.� \rtµXQ V\rNµcP \rNRTµXQ

2 \rtRXQ l\rQRT \rtRT \rNRrQ, �

3 \rtSXQ! l\rQST! \rNRkO! \rNRrSXQ!

Pl.� \rNµrkX V\rNµrkX \rQRfµrkX

2 \rtRkr! l\rQRkr! \rtRkr! \rNRrRkr!

3 \rtPSXQ! l\rQPST! \rNRkOP! \rNRTPSXQ!

Infinitivus - \rtRkXQ

Participium - \rNµrPTU, \rQµ]Pc, \rNµrPTP!

?)&+$,$%"+L.)" / b"+$%"+L.)" .$4+)."./' ." /B"0%

()+.)6 ($2$@/,BK, -&%2"#$0%&' +/`L )%@"+L.K" a)2-

BK (coniunctivus: 3 Sg. � \]cSXQ, 2 Pl. � \]cRkr / 3 Pl. �

\]OPSXQ; optativus: 3 Sg. � \]TQST, 3 Pl. � \]TQPST).

H% ,+$,)+$ \rtµXQ +$?(&A D()%2"*/%"+L.K (2"a/4-

&$+L.K" a)2BK, .$(2/B"2: [Pg\rQµXQ 9">+$,(&A >( .&"-

+"5, @<&A =4)%$.$%%<5 9 !(4, YQg\rQµXQ @<&A 4(.="+"-

?$%%<5, VWN\rQµXQ +$?(&A %( -$5-+)@", &$.%)&A, WifR-

\rQµXQ =4)+$,(&A, RZq\rQµXQ +$?(&A 95$.&$, .">!(9(&A-

.C. 5 a)2B$3 /.@/4$%/-$ .$&%)'C",) -2"B"./ / /B("-

2$%/-$, %$4 4$4 )./ '-+'0%&' {.4+/%/4$B/, D (2"a/4-

&$+L.K3 ,+$,)+)- D@$2"./" () -)JB)b.)&%/ ("2".)&/%-

&' .$ (2"a/4& (WifR\rQSXQ, .) YQX\rtRkXQ).

�90

� YUbLWµgHLM

!2/#$&%/" .$&%)'C",) -2"B"./ ($&&/-.),) J$+),$

\XeTZµrPTU %(><9($5<7, )*2$J)-$..)" )% ,+$,)+$ \X-

e]O %(><9(&A, (2/ D()%2"*+".// & $2%/4+"B ("2"-)-

@/%&' 4$4 &(' %(><9($5<7, .$(2/B"2: VP SÀ ÐrigWP�

\XeT^µ]P� 9 &(' %(><9($5"7 :$4(=$, T� S�P �µTSNµOP

\XeTZµrPTQ � &(' %(><9($5<$ 4(9%"="-$&%<$ (D !+D%$23$

2/B&4/" &".$%)2K).

/#*'%01#1

!2"@+), XHKF (XHK�, XHh�) D()%2"*+'"%&' - J.$#".//

95$.&" '","-+)@" )+) -$,"-+)@", 9>(5$% '","-+)@" )+) -$,"-

+)@". A(2$-+'"% ). 2)@/%"+L.KB ($@"b)B:

[PS� �XRQe]OU 95$.&" #(4C.

&9=>=4PC= ^CQ848Ô

°XNWri S¢U P^\S~U ±Yc WiT�gRcU Ty\ VWX^RgµrkX

[\TZTPSrU. ¿ U Y� uµ�P r¡WrPÇ ��NkcµN Rr, � �]Pr, rhU

ST§U �PYiXU, TÝ WXPSTNTQU [Pki�WTQU ©µNeT^P. ¿h Vk]-

erQU, [WT�XNPT^ S®P qP�µcP Wri� S�P RT�QRS�P \X-

eT^µ]POP�. ¬ Y� V�fcRrPÇ ��PXSNkrSr, � WXtYrU, qe^\Z-

SriTP T¡PTP VW� S¢U SiXW]scU, ÒPX S�U ¹^_�U �µrQPTP

YQXSQk�µrP. ØY]OU P�P VWQSNkrµXQ Wri� STZSOP S�P RT-

��P [PYi�P V�cq¤RXRkXQ. �~ Y� Wi�STP Vk]eO R^PSQk]-

PXQ S� \r�geXQX S� S�P YTqµgSOP, ½ T� VPYT�fSXSTQ S�P

�QeTRf�OP Srk¤\XRQP. ×TµNsTPSrU TzSr S�P kr�P TzSr

S�P [Pki�WOP SQP� S~P \fRµTP WTQ¢RXQ \X� [SQµgsTP-

SrU S�U S�P �ri]OP \X� [TQY�P qP�µXU Wi�STQ T� S�P

Ã�POP �QefRT�TQ VWrQi�PST scSrtP £ecP SQPg, V� ìU l�^

S~ ßP.

�9�

�£SOU � ÐgecU VYNYXR\r S®P �ZRQP WgPSX R^PkrtPXQ

V� £YXSTU \X� ¥W~ S¢U �ZRrOU ST§U PfµTÛ Srk¢PXQ WwRQ

STtU _i¤µXRN Sr \X� sÕTQU. eeTU Y] SQU ·Qe¤RQTU [PS�

ST� £YXSTU lkc\r S~P []iX, �eeTU Y� £ecP �qPORSTP, õP

V\gerQ S~ �WrQiTP. �^kXqfiXU lPYT�TU µXkcµXSQ\~U îP

YQYgR\rQ ST§U [iQkµT§U WgPSX YQXSQk]PXQ \X� YQ� ¼iµTPN-

XU �qrQP. Øig\erQSTU � ��]RQTU, Ì T� £RSriTP S~ ßPTµX

�� }\TSrQP~U� VW]krRXP, e]qrQ WgPSX mrtP \X� µRWri S~

W�i [r� \QPrtRkXQ. �gPSX Y� S� qrPfµrPX YQYgR\rQ ��PXQ

\X� Xy�gPrRkXQ \XS� liQP. |cµf\iQSTU Y], ©U PrORS� VW -̂

kfµcP, PrXPNXU ��YciNScU WXR�P S�P VWQRScµ�P VµWrQ-

ifSXSTU YQYgR\rQP e]qrSXQ WgPSX _i¤µXSX R^PSrk¢PXQ

V\ WXPSTNOP [SfµOP [r� \QPT^µ]POP, ½ R^PSNkrSXQ \X�

WgeQP YQXeZrSXQ.

×�P Y� WiTRk¤RO ¯eNqTÛ Wri� S�P RT�QRS�P ef-

qTÛ. �Qk]XRQP TÅSTQ S~P �PkiOWTP µ]SiTP ¼WgPSOP

S�P _icµgSOP r¡PXQ. |Q� ST�ST Ty scST�RQ S� �^RQ\�

\X� S� TyigPQX, [ee� Si]WTPSXQ Wi~U S� [Pki�WrQX.

·geQRSX Y� WgPSOP S®P S�P WTeQSrQ�P q]PrRQP R\T-

WT�RQP. °geeQRSX r¡WrP � �iOSXqfiXU WgPSXU ST§U

[Pki�WTÛ �ZRrQ qrP]RkXQ �µTNTÛ. |QYgR\T^RQP T¨P

T� RT�QRSX� ST§U PrXPNXU S� WTeQSQ\� _i¤µXSX \X� S®P

YQXer\SQ\®P S]_PcP, ÒPX YrQPT� �RQ e]qrQP \X� VP SÀ

[qTip \X� VP S� YQ\XRSciNª. ÎPQTQ µ�P S�P WTeQS�P

XySTtU VWQSNkrPSXQ ©U R�Xeri�U S~P vSSO efqTP

\irNSSO WTQT�RQ \X� S®P RT�NXP WTeeT� [iqîNT ̂

[WTYQYTµ]PTQU. eeTQ Y� \X� �T�T�PSXQ, µ® T� PrXPNXQ

WiTY�RQ S®P S�P WiTWXSfiOP [irS¤P.

�ee� VqÍ vYTµXQ �i�P STRTZSTÛ �QeTRf�TÛ VPkgYr

[qrik]PSXU \X� Wri� S¢U [eckrNXU ViNsTPSXU. °X� lSQ vYQ-

�92

TP YQg\rQµXQ S®P ¹^_®P qPT§U S�U �k¤PXU P�P Wi�ScP

S¢U �QeTRT�NXU WfeQP qrP]RkXQ�.

�TQTZSTQU efqTQU cy�igPkcµrP YQ� WgRcU S¢U P^\SfU.

ØeNT^ Y� �XP]PSTU [P]RScµrP ©U \XSX�cRfµrPTQ Wi~U

S~P �rQiXQw. ¬ Y� �kcPXtTU r¡WrPÇ ��erZRXSr [qXkÀ SZ-

_�� \X� WiTR]kc\r \Xe� �]PQX. ØµrtU Y� [WreNWTµrP S~

�RS^ �]eSQRSX YQX\rNµrPTQ \X� _giQP l_TPSrU S� [PYiN,

ÂU WTee�P [qXk�P \X� \Xe�P uµtP µrS]YO\rP.

/(*'(*2##

�. ?($2%$.&4$' B$%L &-)"BD &K.D, b$+D0C"BD&' .$

4)2)%4/6 B"#: ¶¢µX WifRkrU. 2. ¶iX_rt efqª Y� WTee�

WifR\rQSXQ RT�g.

R=#'%A#. 1=%"'%*2%@, =%7G#@ 7 I("@6=#$%\

ê �rtP��, [qq]eerQP �X\rYXQµTPNTQU, �SQ SÀYr

°rNµrkX STtU \rNPOP m¤µXRQ WrQkfµrPTQ.

?/B)./@ I")&&4/6

3(01#0%

WiT�XNPO (2)3)@/%L -("2"@

KFhoµI 4+$&%L (.4. &$>)., &$5()

XHUKFhoµI -)J+$,$%L, ()-&-'C$%L

u SigWrsX, cU &%)+

VIUKFhoµI (2/-)@/%L - ()-2'@)4, - 4$4)"-+/*) &)-&%)'./"

STIKFhoµI .$+$,$%L, -)J+$-,$%L %( -&"-+)@"; STIKFhg-µUI &%2"B/%L&', (2/./-B$%L&'

JfHKFhoµI 4+$&%L -B"&%" (.4. .)%&$>)

S~ YfqµX, XSTU B."./", D#"./", @),B$% (.4. !",5(-&)-$.')7)

� :)./6&4$' a)2B$ �rtPr &))%-"%&%-D"% $%%/#"&4)6 �]Pr.

�93

scS]O /&4$%L, /&&+"@)-$%L

VIVmJYG )*D#$%L [PSN + gen. -B"&%) S~ �STµTP, T^ ."@"+/B$'

#$&%/�$, $%)B \QP]O @-/,$%L&' (.4. ')%$-&)-$.')7)

TeLJKFhoµI (2/*$-+'%L

S~ YQ\XRS¤iQTP, T^ &D@ YgkµUI +"b$%L VImYgIµUI (r¨, \X\�U ) &.!.)

.$3)@/%L&' - 4$4)B-+/*) &)&%)'.//, 2$&()+)b"-.// @D3$

u q]PrRQU, rOU 2)b@"./", (2)/&3)b@"./"

u [e¤krQX, rNXU (2$-@$, /&-%/.$

S~ �]PQTP, T ̂ ()@$2)4 @+' ,)&%'

� ��YciNScU, T^ -K3)@"� /J 1*@"2

XHKIKFhoµI 4+$&%L .$(2)-%/-, (2)%/-)()&%$-+'%L (.4. (%&)&$>()

XTLKFhoµI )%4+$@K-$%L � �iOSXqfiXU, T^ !2)%$-,)2

S~ �¢µX, STU `$,; )2$%)2-&4$' %2/*D.$

�^RQ\fU, ¤, fP "&%"&%-".-.K6, a/J/#"&4/6

S~ \r�geXQTP, T^ ,+$-.)"; ,+$-$; 4$(/%$+

µXkcµXSQ\fU, ¤, fP B$%"B$-%/#"&4/6

R\TSrQPfU, ¤, fP %"B.K6

SÀYr J@"&L

u ¼iµTPNX, XU ,$2B)./', &+$b"..)&%L

S~ m¢µX, STU &+)-), (2/4$J

u £ec, cU +"&; B$%"2/'

45 ,676&6 8%7('%

µSsª\ JUM�TlVU µV � ZSX�P lSJª JUM�Tlp X[M ZS-

XLPS, lSm X�M f_QtM µI_ XWsKµU eZ{P X]M ZPIRiXpM. (�%.

g0, g5)

¡VdPS\ XSQLp\ µK`VMm OZUXWsVU� (g :)5. 5, 22)

�ÙlSW� M�µI\ IG lVdXSU� (g :)5. g, 9)

¼_Mm `{ � sV[\ nsVXI Xc µLHK, ¾M �lSTXIM SGX]M OM X�

T�µSXU lSsª\ �sLHKTVM. F~ `{ ºM Xc ZiMXS ¾M µLHI\, ZIY

X[ T]µS; ¼YM `{ ZIHHc µ{M µLHK, ¾M `{ T]µS.ÓG `qMSXSU `{

� o�sSHµ[\ V~ZVdM X� QVUPWa QPVWSM TI_ IGl nQp, � ZiHUM N

lV�SH� XId\ ZITWMa QPVWSM eµ]M IGl nQpa xHHc ZIHH�

�94

µ�HHIM Xc ÌlIYMXS µLHK XIY T�µSXI\ xTsVMLTXVPS

eZiPQVUM xMSJlSdS OTXUM, lSm Ô ÌlIYµVM xXUµ�XVPS VrMSU

XIY T�µSXI\ XIqXIU\ XUµ�M ZVPUTTIXLPSM ZVPUXWsVµVM,

lSm Xc xTQtµIMS Nµ]M VGTQKµITqMKM ZVPUTTIXLPSM nQVU,

Xc `{ VGTQtµIMS Nµ]M IG QPVWSM nQVU� (g 2"4. g2, g8-24)

S~ Wif�XSTP, T^ )-�$ u _rNi, _rQifU 2D4$ �SQµTU, TP (2"J/2$"BK6,

."@)&%)6.K6 WriQSNkcµQ .$+$,$%L, (2/@$-

-$%L [R_¤µOP, TP ()&%[email protected],

*"J)*2$J.K6

u ryR_cµTRZPc, cU *+$,)-(2/&%)6.)&%L, 42$&)%$

WriQRRfU, ¤, fP .$3)@'C/6-&' - /J*K%4"

ryR_¤µOP, TP *+$,)(2/-&%)6.K6, 42$&/-K6

� WTZU, WTYfU .),$

45 96&61$:;(*#.

�®P WwRXP VeWNYX µT^ rhU R� [PXSNkcµQ, ·¤Sci ST�

ÐrT�, �ZeX�fP µr ¥W~ S®P R\]WcP RT^. (!)&+"@)-$./"

B)+"*.$)

u R\]Wc, cU ()42)-

<="%;*(*#.

I. H(2"@"+/%" &+e@D0C/" a)2BK )% YNYOµQ / )*2$JD6%"

4 ./B &))%-"%&%-D0C/" )% SNkcµQ: YNYOµQ, YQYfXRQP, YQ-

YTNc, YNYT^, VYNYTÛ, YNYTRT, VYQYfµcP, lYTSr, YfU, lYT^,

YT�RX, YfµrPTU, YfRkO, Y�RTµrP, YTk¤RrSXQ, VYrY�\r-

RXP, Y]YTSXQ.

II. !"2"-"@/%" (2/-"@"..K" a)2BK / )*2$JD6%" $.$+)-

,/#.K" a)2BK $)2/&%$: VWrSNkrPST �P, VWrSNkrRT �P,

VWQSQkrtPST �P � VWQSNkrRkr, � �WetSXQ � V�P VWQSQk¢Rkr.

!"2"-"@/%", )*2$JD' &))%-"%&%-D0C/" (2"J".%.K"

�95

a)2BK: V�P [WTSrk�RQP, [PSQSrk¢PXQ, [PXSrkrtrP,

WiTRSrk]PSOP.

III. H(2"@"+/%" a)2BK: S]kc\XU � lkc\XU � VWQSQk]PSrU �

VWQk]PSrU � VWQSrk]PSrU � YQXSQkrtrP �P � YQXkrtrP �P �

YQXSrkrtrP �P � WiTRrSNkrQU � WiTRSQkrNU � WiTRkrNU �

WiTRSrkrNU.

IV. !"2"-"@/%", )*2$C$' -./B$./" .$ a)2BK ,+$,)+$ \rt-

µXQ: �. �� èeecPrU YrQWPT�PSrU l\rQPSTÇ \rNµrPTQ ±RkQTP

\X� lWQPTP. 2. �rNkrRkr STtU PfµTQU STtU \rQµ]PTQU. 3. ä]i-

�cU uSScµ]PTU T£SO YQ]\rQST, µRSr [W]�^qrP. 4. �� [q-

iT� T£SO YQX\rtRkXQ VYf\T^P µRSr µcY�P lSQ ��PXQ. 5. �P

STtU |re�TtU WTeeT� [PYiQgPSrU [P]\rQPST. 6. }S]�XPTU

VeXNXU VW]\rQST SÀ ST� óe^µWQTPN\T^ \r�XeÀ. 7. ¬ Y¢-

µTU R^q\rNRkO ©U &P R�µa.

�96

2"?) 5 4

*cµQ; ÒRScµQ (42)B" ÉRSc\X). Accusativus cum infinitivo - )%.)&/-

%"+L.)B (2/@$%)#.)B (2"@+)-b".//. 8+$,)+K, &+)b.K" & ÒcµQ / ÒRScµQ.

&Q3R8Q �oµI

8+$,)+ ÒcµQ =".<+(&A (,+$,)+L.$' )&.)-$ ²-) - )&.)-" .$&%)'C",) -2"B"./ /B""% ,D&%)" (2/@K3$./" .$@ .$-#$+L.)6 6)%)6. :&%)2/#"&4/ J@"&L %$4 b", 4$4 / D ,+$-,)+$ YNYOµQ / SNkcµQ, *K+) D@-)"./" .$#$+L.),) &),+$&-.),) ,+$,)+L.)6 )&.)-K, $ /B"..): ÒcµQ < * RNRcµQ (,+$-,)+L.$' )&.)-$ ²- < Rr-).

?4B87BO= ^89NO RQ3R8Q3 �oµI =61+$%')

Praesens indicativi activi ÒcµQ =".<+(D Futurum indicativi activi vRO C ="B+D, @0!0 =".<+(&A Aoristus indicativi activi ì\X C =".+(+ Perfectum indicativi activi r \X C (0?$) =".+(+ Perfectum indicativi med.-pass. r µXQ C (0?$) =".+(+ .(5,

C (0?$) =".+(% Aoristus indicativi passivi r kcP 5$%C =".+(+)

:B"0%&' %$4b" )%,+$,)+L.K" (2/+$,$%"+L.K" ²SfU =".+(%%<7, &"&, '"," 5"?%" =".+(&A / ²S]TU !"+?%<7 @<&A =".+(%%<5.

(D9:p=BC= RQ3R8Q3 �oµI =61+$%')

Indicativus Praesens Imperfectum Aoristus

act. med. act. med. act. med.

Sg. � ÒcµQ ÒrµXQ ÒrQP �]µcP ì\X rÒµcP 2 ÒcU ÒrRXQ ÒrQU ÒrRT ì\XU r RT

3 ÒcRQ(P) ÒrSXQ ÒrQ ÒrST ì\r(P) r ST

�97

Pl. � ÒrµrP �]µrkX ÒrµrP �]µrkX r µrP rÒµrkX

2 ÒrSr ÒrRkr ÒrSr ÒrRkr r Sr r Rkr

3 �wRQ(P) ÒrPSXQ ÒrRXP ÒrPST r RXP r PST

NB x)2BK /B("2a"4%$ ÒrQU / ÒrQ )*2$J)-$.K 4$4 D &+/%.K3 ,+$,)+)- .$ -]O. x)2B$ � +/�$ "@/.&%-"..),) #/&+$ ÒrQP )*-2$J)-$.$ () $.$+),// &) 2 / 3 +/�)B.

Coniunctivus

Praesens Aoristus

act. med. act. med.

Sg. � �� µXQ ³ ³µXQ

2 �ÀU �À åU å

3 �À �¢SXQ å åSXQ

Pl. � ��µrP ��µrkX ³µrP ³µrkX

2 �¢Sr �¢Rkr ìSr åRkr

3 ��RQ(P) ��PSXQ ³RQ(P) ³PSXQ

Optativus

Praesens Aoristus

act. med. act. med.

Sg. � �rNcP �rNµcP rÒcP rÒµcP

2 �rNcU �rtT rÒcU r T

3 �rNc �rtST rÒc r ST

Pl. � �rtµrP �rNµrkX r µrP, rÒcµrP rÒµrkX

2 �rtSr �rtRkr r Sr, rÒcSr r Rkr

3 �rtrP �rtPST r rP, rÒcRXP r PST

Imperativus

Praesens Aoristus

act. med. act. med.

Sg. 2 ÒrQ! ÒrRT! ÉU! T¨!

3 �]SO! �]RkO! ÉSO! ÉRkO!

Pl. 2 ÒrSr! ÒrRkr! ÉSr! ÉRkr!

3 �]PSOP! �]RkOP! ÉPSOP! ÉRkOP!

�98

NB 5 a)2B" 2 +/�$ "@/.&%-"..),) #/&+$ /B("2$%/-$ .$-&%)'C",) -2"B"./ @"6&%-/%"+L.),) J$+),$ )4).#$./" -r, 4)-%)2)" &+/-$"%&' & ,+$&.KB )&.)-K (ÒrQ < Òrr =".<+(7). 5 a)2-

B" 2 +/�$ "@/.&%-"..),) #/&+$ /B("2$%/-$ $)2/&%$ )4).#$-./" -U (ÉU ="B+)).

Infinitivus

Praesens Aoristus

act. med. act. med.

�]PXQ! ÒrRkXQ! r PXQ! ÉRkXQ!

Participium

Praesens Aoristus

act. med. act. med.

m �rNU, �]PSTU! �]µrPTU! r U, ÉPSTU! ÉµrPTU!

f �rtRX, �rNRcU! �rµ]Pc! r RX, rÒRcU! ²µ]Pc!

n �]P, �]PSTU! �]µrPTP! ÉP, ÉPSTU! ÉµrPTP!

S$%&6$+, 1$6;*+( 1 ]LµV

H% ,+$,)+$ ÒcµQ =".<+(&A D()%2"*/%"+L.K (2"a/4-

&$+L.K" a)2BK, .$(2/B"2: [�NcµQ "&=0.'(&A, ".&(9-

+C&A, =$4$.&(9(&A, V�NcµQ 9<=0.'(&A, =".<+(&A, V�NcµQ

=".<+(&A, V�NrµXQ %(=4(9+C&A .9") 5<.+), ?$+(&A, \Xk-

NcµQ =0.'(&A, "=0.'(&A, WXiNcµQ =4"=0.'(&A, R^PNcµQ

./9(&<9(&A, ="%)5(&A.

&Q3R8Q �JKoµI

8+$,)+ ÒRScµQ .&(9)&A (,+$,)+L.$' )&.)-$ RSX-) -

)&.)-" .$&%)'C",) -2"B"./, 4$4 / ,+$,)+ ÒcµQ, /B""%

,D&%)" (2/@K3$./" .$@ .$#$+L.)6 6)%)6. :&%)2/#"&4/

J@"&L *K+) D@-)"./" .$#$+L.),) &),+$&.),) ,+$,)+L.)6

)&.)-K, $ /B"..): ÒRScµQ < * RNRScµQ.

�99

?4B87BO= ^89NO RQ3R8Q3 �JKoµI 1'%7#')

Praesens indicativi activi ÒRScµQ .&(9+D

Futurum indicativi activi RS¤RO @0!0 .&(9)&A, =".&(9+D

Aoristus indicativi activi lRScRX C =".&(9)+

Aoristus II indicativi lRScP C .&(+, ".&(%"9)+.C

Perfectum indicativi activi ÉRSc\X C .&"D

Perfectum indicativi med.-pass. �

Aoristus indicativi passivi VRSgkcP C @<+ =".&(9+$%

NB H@./ a)2BK ,+$,)+$ ÒRScµQ .&(9)&A /B"0% ("2"3)@.)" ($4%/-.)" / ($&&/-.)") J.$#"./", @2D,/" b" � ."("2"3)@.)", 4$4, .$(2/B"2, a)2B$ -%)2),) $)2/&%$ lRScP C .&(+, )*2$-J)-$..$' () %/(D 4)2."-),) $)2/&%$ (&B. D2)4 5�), /+/ a)2-

B$ $4%/-.),) ("2a"4%$ ÉRSc\X C .&"D.

:B"0%&' %$4b" )%,+$,)+L.K" (2/+$,$%"+L.K" RSX-

SfU =".&(9+$%%<7, '"&"4<7 5"?$& @<&A =".&(9+$% /

RSXS]TU !"+?%<7 @<&A =".&(9+$%%<5.

(D9:p=BC= RQ3R8Q3 �JKoµI 1'%7#')

Indicativus Praesens Imperfectum

act. med act. med.

Sg. � ÒRScµQ! ÒRSXµXQ! ÒRScP! �RSgµcP!

2 ÒRScU! ÒRSXRXQ! ÒRScU! ÒRSXRT!

3 ÒRScRQ(P)! ÒRSXSXQ! ÒRSc! ÒRSXST!

Pl. � ÒRSXµrP! �RSgµrkX! ÒRSXµrP! �RSgµrkX!

2 ÒRSXSr! ÒRSXRkr! ÒRSXSr! ÒRSXRkr!

3 �RSwRQ(P)! ÒRSXPSXQ! ÒRSXRXP! ÒRSXPST!

Aoristus I Aoristus II

act. med act. med.

Sg. � lRScRX! VRScRgµcP! lRScP! �

2 lRScRXU! VRS¤RO! lRScU! �

3 lRScRr(P)! VRS¤RXST! lRSc! �

200

Pl. � VRS¤RXµrP! VRScRgµrkX! lRScµrP! � 2 VRS¤RXSr! VRS¤RXRkr! lRScSr! � 3 lRScRXP! VRS¤RXPST! lRScRXP! �

NB 5 @$+L."6`"B D4$JK-$0%&' %)+L4) a)2BK -%)2),) $)2/-&%$, ("2-K6 b" $)2/&% )*2$JD"% -&" a)2BK 2",D+'2.) () %/-(D &/,B$%/#"&4),) $)2/&%$.

Coniunctivus Praesens Aoristus II

act. med. act. med.

Sg. � �RS� �RS�µXQ RS� � 2 �RSÀU �RSÀ RSÀU � 3 �RSÀ �RS¢SXQ RSÀ �

Pl. � �RS�µrP �RS�µrkX RS�µrP � 2 �RS¢Sr �RS¢Rkr RS¢Sr � 3 �RS�RQ(P) �RS�PSXQ RS�RQ(P) �

NB 5 &+/%.K3 a)2B$3 ,+$,)+$ ÒRScµQ "&%L 2'@ )&)*"..)&%"6 () &2$-."./0 &) &+/%.KB/ ,+$,)+$B/ .$ -gO. 5 4).�0.4%/-"

g + c > ¢, g + � > À: �RSgcSr > �RS¢Sr; �RSg� > �RSÀ.

Optativus Praesens Aoristus

act. med. act. med.

Sg. � �RSXNcP �RSXNµcP RSXNcP � 2 �RSXNcU �RSXtT RSXNcU � 3 �RSXNc �RSXtST RSXNc �

Pl. � �RSXtµrP �RSXNµrkX RSXtµrP, RSXNcµrP � 2 �RSXtSr �RSXtRkr RSXtSr, RSXNcSr � 3 �RSXtrP �RSXtPST RSXtrP, RSXNcRXP �

Imperativus Praesens Aoristus

act. med. act. med.

Sg.2 ÒRSc! ÒRSXRT! RS¢kQ! �

3 �RSgSO! �RSgRkO! RS¤SO! �

20�

Pl. 2 ÒRSXSr! ÒRSXRkr! RS¤Sr! �

3 �RSgPSOP! �RSgRkOP! RSgPSOP! �

NB 5 a)2B" 2 +/�$ "@/.&%-"..),) #/&+$ /B("2$%/-$ .$-

&%)'C",) -2"B"./ @"6&%-/%"+L.),) J$+),$ )4).#$./" -r, 4)-

%)2)" &+/-$"%&' & ,+$&.KB )&.)-K (ÒRSc < ÒRSXr .&(9A). 5

a)2B" 2 +/�$ "@/.&%-"..),) #/&+$ /B("2$%/-$ $)2/&%$

)4).#$./" -kQ (RS¢kQ .&(%A).

Infinitivus

Praesens Aoristus

act. med. act. med.

�RSgPXQ! ÒRSXRkXQ! RS¢PXQ! �!

Participium

Praesens Aoristus

act. med. act. med.

m �RSgU, �RSgPSTU! �RSgµrPTU! RSgU, RSgPSTU! �

f �RSwRX, �RSgRcU! �RSXµ]Pc! RSwRX, RSgRcU! �

n �RSgP, �RSgPSTU! �RSgµrPTP! RSgP, RSgPSTU! �

S$%&6$+, 1$6;*+( 1 ]^WLµV

H% ,+$,)+$ ÒRScµQ .&(9)&A D()%2"*/%"+L.K (2"-

a/4&$+L.K" a)2BK, .$(2/B"2: [PkNRScµQ =4"&)9"-

=".&(9+C&A, [�NRScµQ "&.&(9+C&A, 0!(+C&A, [�NRSXµXQ

"&.&(9(&A, "&.&0=(&A, YQNRScµQ 4(..&(9+C&A, 4(>Õ$!)-

%C&A, V�NRScµQ .&(9)&A 9" ,+(9$, \XkNRScµQ 0&9$4-

?!(&A, !$+(&A, =".&(%"9+C&A, µrkNRScµQ =$4$.&(9+C&A,

5$%C&A, WiTNRScµQ .&(9)&A 9=$4$!), R^PNRScµQ .&(-

9)&A 95$.&$, ."@)4(&A.

202

/#*'%01#1

I).&%2D4�/' accusativus cum infinitivo B)b"% *K%L

D()%2"*+".$ 7 D9C]358>B8N 85B84C5=Q6B8N D9=]-

Q8p=BCC, .$(2/B"2:

×�P V�Q]µrkX V�cq¤RXRkXQ Wri� ST� µrqgeT^

WTe]µT^, ÂP ÐT^\^YNYcU e]qrQ \NPcRQP µrqNRScP

qrP]RkXQ STtU èeecRQ(P)... � :$=$4A 5< /"&)5 4(..'(>(&A

" 9$+)'"7 9"7%$, '"&"4(C, '(' ,"9"4)& �0')!)!, .&(+( 9$-

+)-(7B)5 ="&4C.$%)$5 !+C ,4$'"9...

5 %$4)B &+D#$" (2/ ("2"-)@" .$ 2D&&4/6 'JK4 -/./%"+L-

.K6 ($@"b (ÂP) B)b"% *K%L ("2"@$. /B"./%"+L.KB

('"&"4(C), /.a/./%/- (qrP]RkXQ) � +/#.)6 a)2B)6 ,+$-

,)+$ (.&(+(), $ D(2$-+'0C/6 ,+$,)+ (- @$..)B &+D#$"

,+$,)+ 2"#/ e]qrQ) B)b"% *K%L (2"@&%$-+". -) --)@.)B

(2"@+)b".// ('(' ,"9"4)& �0')!)!).

[=Q8D8BB=44P3: 78EB3

(43;�404 RR. ]8 ".d.)

×�P V�Q]µrkX V�cq¤RXRkXQ Wri� ST� µrqgeT^ WTe]-

µT^, ÂP ÐT^\^YNYcU e]qrQ \NPcRQP µrqNRScP qrP]RkXQ

STtU èeecRQ \X� µ]irQ SQP� S�P �Xi�giOP \X� VW� WertR-

STP [Pki�WOP. ·® WXiQ�µrP S~P \XQi~P ST� scSrtP S�U

XhSNXU, ÒPX R^PQ¢Sr, � µXkcSXN, YQ� SN u S�P �kcPXNOP

WTeQSrNX �iQRSX YQX\rQµ]Pc VSigWc rhU [Y^PXSOSgScP

\X� [keQOSgScP.

�i�STP µ�P T� �X\rYXQµfPQTQ V\ WTeeT� _ifPT^ S®P

YcµTSQ\®P S�P �kcPXNOP WTeQSrNXP VµNRT^P. |rZSriTP

Y� VWZkrRkr, �SQ T� �kcPXtTQ µrS� S~P �riRQ\~P Wfer-

µTP ST§U PcRQ�SXU R_rY~P VYTZeORXPÇ TyYrP� V�NrRXP

203

[WTRS¢PXQ S¢U R^µµX_NXU TyY� [r� [�NrPST S¢U [YQ\NXU.

|Q� ST�ST V\rtPTQ WTeeg\QU V�NrPST S¢U Ver^kriNXU. �~

Y� SiNSTP T� �kcPXtTQ \XNWri kXeXSST\iXST�PSrU �µOU

\X� S¢U \XS� q¢P uqrµTPNXU V�]µrPTQ WTeeXtU S¢U �WrN-

iT^ WferRQ \X� VPNTSr STtU �X\rYXQµTPNTQU VWTe]µT^P.

�]eTU Y], ÒPX WerNO üPQX [WTYQYTtPST, WTee�U [WTQ\NXU

rhU S®P }Q\reNXP \X� Wi~U S~P ¶fRWTiTP lWrµ¹XP \X�

PX�U Sr \X� �PYiXU V\rtRr [�rtRXP, µRSr T� °TiNPkQTQ

\X� T� ·rqXirtU V\WeXq]PSrU SÀ Xy�XPTµ]P� S�P �kc-

PXNOP VµWTiNo R^P]RScRXP STtU �X\rYXQµTPNTQU \X� �e-

eTQU �reTWTPPcRNTQU.

°XSXRSgPSOP T¨P S�P Äee¤POP rhU WferµTP �riQ-

\e¢U RSiXScq~U \XSXRSXkr�U ³Yr STtU WTeNSXQU YQre]_-

kcÇ �� WTe]µQTQ µ]qX Wrs~P R^PQRSwRQP ©U uµtP VWQkc-

RfµrPTQ. ¶TZeTPSXQ q�i ¥µwU [�QRSgPXQ VµT� \X� ST§U

¥µrS]iTÛ R^µµg_TÛ YQQRSgPXQ. �ee� uµrtU XySTtU [Pk-

NRSXµrP S� µX\i� SrN_c \X� S~ S�P SiQ¤iOP We¢kTU \X�

S� WTee� SgeXPSX [iqîNT^ S� VP S� �XikrP�PQ [WT-

\rNµrPX. |Q� ST�ST S®P µ�P _�iXP V�Q�µrP S� RSiXS�

XyS�P. �~ Y� PX^SQ\~P [�Q]RkO rhU kgeXSSXP ©U YQX-

�kriT�P ST§U eQµ]PXU \X� S�U [WTQ\NXU V\rNPOP�.

�£SOU Vq]PrST. �� Y� qrOiqT� [qrik]PSrU rhU S� S�P

�kcP�P SrN_c r¡YTP ÊiqQRµ]PTQ ST§U ²X^S�P [qiT§U

¥W~ S�P WTerµNOP YQX�kXi]PSXU \X� ±_kXQiTP S~P �r-

iQ\e]X. �ee� S� ST� �RSrOU WigqµXSX SX_]OU rhU [WT-

iNXP \X� \NPY^PTP µrSrRSgkc. �� q�i SiNSª lSrQ �T�riT�

eTQµT� qrPTµ]PT^ WTeeT� [W]kXPTP, VP T U \X� �riQ-

\e¢U, ÂU S®P WfeQP \irNSSTPX \X� \XeeNTPX \XkQRS�U \X�

ST§U WTeNSXU Wi~U [PYirNXP \X� �µfPTQXP WiTSi]WOP

Ty\ VW]WX^ST.

204

/(*'(*2##

�. ·® WXiNrQ S~P \XQifP. 2. �y WgPSrU V�QwRQP� rhU WfPSTP

mfTQ. 3. �y_ � SfWTU S~P �PYiX, [ee� � [P®i S~P SfWTP \XkNR-

ScRQ SNµQTP. 4. |QTq]PcU ViOSckr�U ¥W� �er�gPYiT^, rj SQPTU

Y]TQSTÇ �·Q\ifP, � l�c, � µrSgRSckQ [W~ ST� ueNT^�.

>*(0?6'

�i_NYXµTU � �XRQer§U ViOSckrNU, SNU WiT]RSc\r S¢U

}WgiScUÇ �� PfµTQ, � l�c, � \X� X� [i_X� \XS� ST§U Pf-

µTÛ�.

3(01#0%

�oµI (D&4$%L

S_FoµI (D&4$%L, .$&K+$%L; S_FgµUI b"+$%L, &%2"-B/%L&'

TUeFoµI )(D&4$%L, (2)(D&-4$%L, @)(D&4$%L

u XhSNX, XU (2/#/.$, )&.)--$./"

JfHFoµI ()./B$%L

X_FoµI )%(D&4$%L; med. -)J-@"2b/-$%L&'

S�FoµI -K&K+$%L

YUhFoµI )(D&4$%L

�JKoµI &%$-/%L; ÒRSXµXQ med. . aor. lRScP &%)'%L

YUhFJKoµI D&%$.$-+/-$%L, ()&%$.)-+'%L

X_FJKoµI )%&%$-+'%L, D@$+'%L

JfHFJKoµI &)&%$-+'%L, )*�"@/.'%L (.4. .).&$5()

VIFJKoµI )%@"+'%L, J$&%$--+'%L )%&%$%L

XHhFJKoµI

(aor. act. [PS]RSc-RX) (2)%/-)()&%$-+'%L, &%$-/%L .$(2)%/-

µghFJKoµI ("2"&%$-+'%L, ("2"B".'%L

XHFJKoµI (aor. med. [P]RScP) &%$-/%L %( -&"-+)@"

S_FJKoµI &%$-/%L -) ,+$-" TeLFJKoµI &%$-/%L -("2"@/ � ¶fRWTiTU, T^ ò)&a)2 � ·rqXirZU, ]OU B",$2"�,

b/%"+L =",$2K

� ÐT^\QYNYcU, T^ xD4/@/@

u \NPcRQU, rOU @-/b"./"

� !)@2$JDB"-$"%&' S~ £YOi.

205

kXeXSST\iXS]O -+$&%-)--$%L .$ B)2"

� mfTU, T^ ()%)4, 2"4$

S~ SgeXPSTP, T ̂ %$+$.%, B"-2$ -"&$; &DBB$ @".",

45 ,676&6 8%7('%

�VrZVM `{ X� xM`Pm X� }KPcM nQIMXU X�M QVdPSa nJVUPV

lSm TX�sU V~\ X[ µLTIMa lSm xMSTXc\ nTXK. (u'. 6, 8)

F~PtMKM x�WKµU eµdM, V~PtMKM X�M Oµ�M `W`pµU eµdMa IG

lSsª\ � l�TµI\ `W`pTUM OJª `W`pµU eµdM� (�%. g4, 27)

�MYM j]µVM OcM eµVd\ TXtlVXV OM l_PW�. (g �$.. 3, 8)

Ûc XIYXI xMSHiRVXV X�M ZSMIZHWSM XIY sVIY, �MS `_-

MKs�XV xMXUTX�MSU OM X� NµLP¤ X� ZIMKP� lSm ¯ZSMXS

lSXVPJSTiµVMIU TX�MSU. ÖX�XV I�M ZVPUjpTiµVMIU X�M oT-

��M eµ]M OM xHKsVW¤ lSm OM`_TiµVMIU X[M s�PSlS X�\ Ù-

lSUITqMK\ lSm eZI`KTiµVMIU XI�\ Z�`S\ OM kXIUµSTW¤ XIY

VGSJJVHWI_ X�\ V~PtMK\� (½*. 6, g3-g5)

�rifU, g, fP &D3)6 u WXPTWeNX, XU ()+.)"

-))2Db"./" WTPcifU, g, fP (+)3)6,

@D2.)6, &4-"2.K6 \XSriqgsTµXQ &)-"2`$%L,

/&()+.'%L

WriQs�PP^µXQ ()@()'&K--$%L&'

u ¯R�ZU, ¯R�ZTU *"@2$, *)4$ VPYZO .$@"-$%L � k�iX�, X\TU ($.�/2L ¥WTY]O ()@-'JK-$%L, )*D-

-$%L&' u ²STQµXRNX, XU ,)%)-.)&%L

45 96&61$:;(*#.

}SXî~P q�i ¥WTµrNPXU, SÀ SX�À WXirYfkc, ©U XyS~U

�k]ecRrÇ \X� [PXRS�U V\ Pr\i�P lROR] µr S~P WeXP�-

µrPTP �PkiOWTP. (?%/3/2$ -)&42"&.$' .$ «8)&()@/,

-)JJ-$3�», ,+$& 2)

206

}¤µriTP � |rRWfScU S¢U \SNRrOU WXiNRSXSXQ �QegS�

\X� RSXî� WXiXYNYTSXQ � \SNRScU S�P ¼WgPSOP, ©U [µ-

P~U WiTRXqfµrPTU SÀ hYNo �Tê¤RrQ� (?%/3/2$ .$ «8)&-

()@/, -)JJ-$3�» 5"+/4)6 !'%./�K, ,+$& 6)

��QegSª WXiNRSXSXQ, Ì Sifµª WXiNRSXPSXQ TyiX-

P�P X� Y^PgµrQU� (?%/3/2$ .$ «8)&()@/, -)JJ-$3�» 5"-

+/4)6 !'%./�K, ,+$& 6)

¥WTµ]PO, aor. ¥W]µrQPX %"2("%L

� \SNRScU, T^ %-)2"� � [µPfU, T� ',.".)4, $,."�

u �TZecRQU, rOU -)+', b"-+$./"

u YZPXµQU, rOU &/+$

<="%;*(*#.

I. H*2$JD6%" )&.)-K -&"3 -2"B". )% ,+$,)+)- \XkNcµQ /

V�NrµXQ (med.); @+' 4$b@)6 )&.)-K )*2$JD6%" /.a/./-

%/- / (2/#$&%/".

II. H(2"@"+/%" a)2BK / ("2"-"@/%": WXirNU, R^PNrQU,

[�QrNU, V�NrQ (2), R^P¢\X, R^Prt\X, \XkQrNc, [�rNc, �SXP

V�QÀ (2), ÒPX V�À (2), WXiQ]PSOP (2), WXi]PSOP (2).

III. !"2"-"@/%" &+"@D0C/" ,+$,)+L.K" a)2BK / J$B"-

./%" (2"J".%.K" a)2BK $)2/&%.KB/, / .$)*)2)%: V�Nr-

RXQ, V�T�, �WfSXP V�Q¢Rkr, rjkr V�rtT, V�NrPST.

IV. H(2"@"+/%" a)2BK / @+' 4$b@),) ,+$,)+$ @$6%" .$-

#$+L.D0 a)2BD: [WrtPXQ, [�rtPXQ � ÒPX [W�, ÒPX [��

V�P [W¢Sr, V�P [�¢Sr � [�rNc �P, [WrNc �P.

V. H% 4$4/3 @-D3 ,+$,)+)- )*2$JD0%&' a)2BK WXi�RQP

/ ì\rP? H(2"@"+/%" {%/ a)2BK.

VI. !)-%)2/%" D(2$b."./' 33, V / 5�, I, 2�6 / III, 3.

207

VII. H*2$JD6%" 4 (2/-"@"..KB a)2B$B (2"J".&$ &))%-

-"%&%-D0C/" a)2BK con., opt., imperat. / imperf.: [�NR-

ScU, WiTQRSwRQP, [PkNRSXRXQ, [PNRSXRkr.

VIII. H*2$JD6%" $4%/-.K" /.a/./%/-K praes., fut. / aor.

@+' WiTNRScµQ, B"@/$+L.K" @+' R^PNRSXµXQ, ($&&/-.K"

@+' YQNRSXµXQ.

IX. !"2"-"@/%", )*2$C$' )&)*)" -./B$./" .$ D()%2"*+"./"

J$+),)-: �. �� PQ\�PSrU [r� SifWXQTP ÒRSXPST. 2. �ifWXQTP

RScRgµrPTQ [W¢ekTP. 3. �iQRSXqfiXU ST§U ÈOPXU lWrQRr

S�P �riR�P [�NRSXRkXQ. 4. ¬ �iQRSTU SÀ WferQ VWQRSXk¤-

RrSXQ. 5. ·® YQNRSXRkr, � RZµµX_TQ. 6. �� PcRQ�SXQ WTeeg-

\QU STtU �kcPXNTQU [PkNRSXPST. 7. �� }WXiSQwSXQ TzWTSr Yc-

µT\iXSNXP \XSrRS¤RXPST. 8. ÖW~ S�P �X\rYXQµTPNOP �e-

eTQU Y¤µTQU WTeeg\QU SîXPP�U \XSrRSgkc.

208

2"?) 5 5

+RSc\X; ("2a"4%.K" a)2BK: S]-kPc\X, rjOkX, lTQ\X, W]WTQkX, Y]YTQ\X, \gkcµXQ.

A()%2"*+"./" ÉRSc\X.

[=9^=P5 RQ3R8Q3 �JKoµI 4537C56 � �JKoYU

x)2B$ ÉRSc\X (2"@&%$-+'"% &)*)6 &+$*K6 ("2a"4% &

&Daa/4&)B \- )% ,+$,)+$ ÒRScµQ .&(9)&A, /B"0C/6

%)+L4) ."("2"3)@.)" J.$#"./" C .&"D. !"2a"4%.$' )&-

.)-$ .$ \- (2"@&%$-+".$ - )&.)-.)B - "@/.&%-"..)B

#/&+" /J�'-/%"+L.),) .$4+)."./', - )&%$+L.K3 a)2B$3

+/#.K" )4).#$./' )*K#.) (2/&)"@/.'0%&' ."()&2"@-

&%-"..) 4 )&.)-" (&/+L.K6 ("2a"4%). x)2BK & &Daa/4-

&)B \- / *"J .",) B),D% &)&DC"&%-)-$%L 4$4 @D*+"%K.

!"2a"4% ,+$,)+$ ÒRScµQ ." /B""% ()+.)6 ($2$@/,BK.

Indicativus Coniunctivus

Sg. � ÉRSc\X! ²RS¤\O

2 ÉRSc\XU ²RS¤\�U

3 ÉRSc\r(P) ²RS¤\�

Pl. � ÉRSXµrP, ²RS¤\XµrP ²RS�µrP, ²RS¤\OµrP

2 ÉRSXSr, ²RS¤\XSr

3 ²RSwRQ(P), ²RS¤\XRQ

Imperativus:

Sg. 2 ÉRSc\r (ÉRSXkQ)

3 ²RSc\]SO (²RSgSO)

Optativus - ²RS¤\TQµQ

Infinitivus - ²RSgPXQ, ²RSc\]PXQ

209

Participium:

m. ²RS�U, ²RS�STU; ²RSc\�U, ²RSc\�STU;

f. ²RS�RX, ²RS�RcU; ²RSc\^tX, ²RSc\^NXU;

n. ²RSfU, ²RS�STU; ²RSc\fU, ²RSc\fSTU.

H% )&.)-K ("2a"4%$ ,+$,)+$ ÒRScµQ )*2$JD0%&' %$4-

b" a)2BK plusquamperfectum (r�RS¤\c, r�RS¤\rQP) -

J.$#".// /B("2a"4%$ C .&"C+ / futurum III activi (²RS¤-

�O C @0!0 .&"C&A).

Plusquamperfectum RQ3R8Q3 �JKoµI

Ñ/�) Singularis Pluralis

� r�RS¤\rQP! ÉRSXµrP!

2 r�RS¤\rQU! ÉRSXSr!

3 r�RS¤\rQ! ÉRSXRXP, r�RS¤\rRXP!

NB x)2BK ,+$,)+$ ÒRScµQ, )*2$J)-$..K" )% )&.)-K &/+L.),) ("2a"4%$ (*"J &Daa/4&$ -\), -) B.)b"&%-"..)B #/&+" (+0&4--$B("2a"4%$ ." /B"0% (2/2$C"./'.

[=9^=P5BO= ^89NO: KZhHoYU, g�GhU, nLIYU,

TZTLIhU, VZVLIYU, YmhoµUI

A ."4)%)2K3 @2"-.",2"#"&4/3 ,+$,)+)- D()%2"*/-

%"+L.K /&4+0#/%"+L.) /+/ (2"/BDC"&%-"..) a)2BK

("2a"4%$. �$4)-K a)2BK S]kPc\X C 05$4, rjOkX C

=4)9<', lTQ\X C ="/"?, Y]YTQ\X C @"D.A, \gkcµXQ C

&/bD, $ %$4b" ,+$,)+ T¡YX C >%(D, ) 4)%)2)B &B. D2)4 56.

!("A(0' W_X`LY[

�$4 b", 4$4 / ,+$,)+ ÒRScµQ, ,+$,)+ [WTkPçR\O 05)-

4(&A )*2$JD"% a)2BK ("2a"4%$ & &Daa/4&)B -\ (&+$*K6

("2a"4%) / *"J .",) (&/+L.K6 ("2a"4%).

2�0


Sg. � S]kPc\X SrkP¤\O SrkPXNcP

2 S]kPc\XU

3 S]kPc\r(P) SrkPgSO

Pl. � S]kPXµrP

2 S]kPXSr

3 SrkPwRQ(P),

SrkP¤\XRQ(P)

Infinitivus - SrkPc\]PXQ, SrkPgPXQ

Participium - SrkPc\�U, ^tX, fU; S]kPr�U, �RX, fU

!"2a"4% ,+$,)+$ [WTkPçR\O ." /B""% ()+.)6 ($2$-

@/,BK. :B"0%&' %$4b" )%@"+L.K" a)2BK (+0&4-$B-

("2a"4%$: Sing. 3 � VSrkP¤\rQ, Pl. 3 � VSrkP¤\rRXP /+/

VS]kPXRXP.

!("A(0' MaOX[ # bNVY[

9"4)%)2K" ,+$,)+K /B"0% %)+L4) a)2BD ("2a"4%$ /

(+0&4-$B("2a"4%$, (2/#"B ("2a"4% D()%2"*+'"%&' -

J.$#".// .$&%)'C",) -2"B"./, $ (+0&4-$B("2a"4% � -

J.$#".// /B("2a"4%$. �$4)-K ,+$,)+K: rjOkX C )5$D

"@<'%"9$%)$, C =4)9<' (plqp. rh�krQP); lTQ\X C ="/"?, C

'(?0.A (part. VTQ\�U, VTQ\^tX, VTQ\fU ="/"?)7, a)2B$

&2. 2)@$ rh\fU .=4(9$!+)9", $.&$.&9$%%", )% ."" .$2"#/"

rh\fSOU .=4(9$!+)9", plqp. VÕ\rQP).

!("A(0' c_cNVX[

H% ,+$,)+$ WrNkO 0@$?!(&A .$2'@D & a)2B)6 &+$*)-

,) ("2a"4%$ W]WrQ\X C (0?$) 0@$!)+ )*2$JD"%&' &/+L-

.K6 ("2a"4% W]WTQkX - J.$#".// C (0?$) 0@$?!$%, C

09$4$%, C 9$4D.

2��

!("A(0' T_TNVY[

H% B$+)D()%2"*/%"+L.),) - .$&%)'C"B -2"B"./ ,+$-

,)+$ YrNYO @"C&A.C )*2$JD"%&' 4$4 a)2B$ &+$*),) ("2-

a"4%$ Y]YTQ\X - J.$#".// C @"D.A, %$4 / a)2B$ &/+L.),)

("2a"4%$ Y]YQX ()&.)-$ YrYQ-). H% Y]YTQ\X D()%2"*/-

%"+L.K -&" a)2BK ("2a"4%$ / (+0&4-$B("2a"4%$, a)2-

BK )% Y]YQX ()B"C".K - %$*+/�" ./b".

Indicativus Imperativus Infinitivus

Sg. � Y]YQX YrYQ]PXQ 2 Y]YQXU! Y]YQkQ! Participium 3 Y]YQr(P) YrYQ�U, fSTU

Pl.� Y]YQµrP YrYQ^tX, ^NXU 2 Y]YQSr YrYQfU, fSTU 3 YrYNXRQ(P)

H% )&.)-K YrYQ- -)JB)b.K %$4b" a)2BK (+0&4-$B-

("2a"4%$: Pl. 3 � VY]YQRXP /+/ VYrYNrRXP.

!("A(0' YdXLµ[V

A()%2"*/%"+L.$' - (2)J" (2"a/4&$+L.$' a)2B$

\gkcµXQ )% ,+$,)+$ ìµXQ .)!$&A ()&.)-$ u(R)-) () a)2-

B" '-+'"%&' B"@/$+L.)-($&&/-.KB ("2a"4%)B, $ () J.$-

#"./0 � {%) .$&%)'C"" -2"B'. d%)% )%+)b/%"+L.K6

,+$,)+, 4$4 / ,+$,)+ \rtµXQ, )%.)&/%&' 4 ("2-)6 ,2D((" II

($%"B$%/#"&4),)) &(2'b"./' / '-+'"%&' ."@)&%$%)#.KB.

Praesens Imperfectum Imperativus

Sg. � \gkcµXQ V\Xk¤µcP, \Xk¤µcP! 2 \gkcRXQ V\gkcRT, \Xk¢RT! \gkcRT 3 \gkcSXQ V\gkcST, \Xk¢ST! \Xk¤RkO

Pl. � \Xk¤µrkX V\Xk¤µrkX, \Xk¤µrkX! 2 \gkcRkr V\gkcRkr, \Xk¢Rkr! \gkcRkr 3 \gkcPSXQ V\gkcPST, \Xk¢PST! \Xk¤RkOP

2�2

Infinitivus - \Xk¢RkXQ

Participium - \Xk¤µrPTU, \Xkcµ]Pc, \Xk¤µrPTP

NB x)2BK 4).�0.4%/-$ / )(%$%/-$ {%),) ,+$,)+$ -&%2"#$-0%&' 2"@4).

)9y�=BC= N8Ry�=4573 /^CB

(404 R. ]8 ".d.)

�riQ\e]TÛ SrkPc\fSTU �k¤PcRQ µrqgec �P [�TêNX,

\X� ryk§U P]XQ YQX�TiX� Vq]PTPST. �iQg\TPSX q�i lSc

V\rtPTU SÀ WferQ V�rQRS¤\rQ, \X� T� WTetSXQ rh�krRXP

WrNkrRkXQ XyS� VTQ\fSQ VP SÀ [qTip VPNTSr S� |Q� S� [R-

SigWSTPSQ \X� �iTPS�PSQ. �ee� � WferµTU TzWO VWXZRX-

ST, \X� �eeTQ YcµXqOqT� ST� Y¤µT^ WiT]RScRXP. °e]OP

� �îRTY]¹cU, ÂP T� SfSr \OµªYTWTQT� ©U �PYiX YcµTSQ-

\~P \X� [WXNYr^STP ßPSX lR\OWSTP, kiXRZSXSX \XS�

q¢P \X� \XS� kgeXSSXP STtU �reTWTPPcRNTQU VW]krST

\X� [PYirNOU µX_fµrPTU VP SÀ S¢U ·X\rYTPNXU [\SÀ

lWrRrP. ·rS� SX�SX �e\Q�QgYcU, ryqrP®U \X� WXPT�iqTU

PrXPNXU, lWrQRr S~P Y¢µTP S®P \XkrRSc\^tXP [i_®P Xy-

�gPrQP WiTR\S�µrPTP �No S®P }Q\reNXP \X� S®P �Q�ZcP.

�TtU efqTQU XyST� WrWTQkÍU � Y¢µTU µ]qQRSTP WXirR-

\rZXRr PX^SQ\~P YQX\TRNOP SiQ¤iOP \X� YQRµîNOP [P-

Yi�P. �ee� VP SÀ }Q\reNo uSSck]PSrU \X� ¥W� �e\Q�QgYT^

WiTYTk]PSrU T� �kcPXtTQ VPS~U ¯eNqOP VS�P \g\QRSX

YQ]\rQPST.

�ZRXPYiTU q�i � }WXiSQgScU ST� S�P �reTWTPPcRN-

OP PX^SQ\T� WiTrRSc\ÍU \X� XhR_i�P R^µµX_NXP STtU

�]iRXQU WTQcRgµrPTU Ty µfPTP S~ S�P �kcPXNOP £RSX-

STP PX^SQ\~P VP SÀ ÜriRTP¤Rª YQ]�krQirQP, [ee� \X�

2�3

WgPSXU ST§U R^µµg_TÛ XyS�P [W]RScRrP. �]eTU Y� T�

�reTWTPP¤RQTQ V\gkcPST Wi~ ST� �rQiXQ�U \X� RtSTP rhU

�RS^ rhR�]irRkXQ Ty\ rjOP. �£SOU rhU µrqNRScP [WTiNXP

\XSXRSXk]PSrU T� WTetSXQ Wi]R�rQU rhU S®P }WgiScP [�-

rtRXP ©U rhi¤PcP WTQcRTµ]PTÛ. �� T¨P °TiNPkQTQ V\]-

er^RXP S~P �ZRXPYiTP V\rNPTQU �\XP®P YN\cP VWQkrtPXQ

e]qTPSrUÇ �Æ£Sc u WfeQU WTee�P ±Yc SZiXPPTU \Xk]RSc-

\r \X� WgPSOP �µTNOU SZiXPPTU \XSXRS¤RrSXQ, V�P µ®

XyS®P WTik¤RcSr�. �]eTU Y� T� �kcPXtTQ WrWTQkfSrU SÀ

�^RgPYiT^ ryPTNo S®P rhi¤PcP VY]�XPST, [ee� YrQP® YN-

\c YTS]X �P. ÁPXq\gRkcRXP q�i WgRXU S�U PX�U WXiX-

YT�PXQ \X� [PXSi]WrQP S� SrN_c. �i~U STZSTQU T� PQ\�P-

SrU V¹c�NRXPST S®P \XkrRS�RXP WTeQSrNXP YQXeZrQP \X�

µrSXRS¢RXQ S®P YcµT\iXSNXP rhU ¯eQqXi_NXP. �iTrRSg-

kcRXP �iX �RSrOU SiQg\TPSX SZiXPPTQ, TÝ VRkeT§U WT-

eNSXU [YN\OU YQ�\TPSrU \X� ST§U WeT^RNTÛ Rê�PSrU

ST§U [RSrNTÛ T£SO YQ]krRXP, µRSr WTeeT� Wri� ST� �NT^

YrYTQ\fSrU l�^qTP. �iQR� µ�P lSrRQP £RSriTP u YcµT\iX-

SNX WgeQP [POik�kc, [ee� Ty\]SQ YZPXµQU TzSr VµWTiNX

TzSr ße�TU �P STtU �kcPXNTQU.

3(01#0%

KZhHoYU *K%L B"2%-KB

�JKoYU &%)'%L (+(&. sto) YUhZJKoYU &)&%)'%L, *K%L

()&%$-+"..KB, &DC"&%-)--$%L

g�GhU (2/-K4$%L, /B"%L )*K4.)-"./"

nLIYU *K%L ()3)b/B, 4$-J$%L&'

WiTR\SgTµXQ @)()+./-%"+L.) (2/)*2"%$%L

TZTLIhU *K%L D*"b@"..KB YmhoµUI &/@"%L

rhR�]iO -.)&/%L

u rzPTQX, XU @)*2)b"+$-%"+L&%-), *+$,)2$&()+)-b"./"

[PXSi]WO )(2)4/@K-$%L

2�4

u ¯eQqXi_NX, XU )+/,$23/', -+$&%L ."B.),/3

�YQ\TU, TP ."&(2$-"@+/-K6, .$2D`$0C/6 (2$-)

VZVLIYU (Y]YQX) *)'%L&' u ÜriRfPcRTU, T^ »"2&)."&

�iTPSgO ,2"B"%L ,2)B)B � �îRTY]¹cU, T^ 4)b"-./4 � \OµªYTWTQfU, T� 4)B"-

@/),2$a

[RSigWSO ()2$b$%L B)+-./"6

45 ,676&6 8%7('%

�� Ìl]M kTXiMSU RHVZLXp µ� ZLT�. (g 2"4. g0, g2)

yÆÌ� �TXKlS OZm X�M sqPSM lSm lPIqpa OiM XU\ xlIqT�

X�\ �pM�\ µI_ lSm xMIW}� X�M sqPSM, lSm V~TVHVqTIµSU

ZP[\ SGX[M lSm `VUZMtTp µVX� SGXIY lSm SGX[\ µVX� OµIY.

(�="'. 3, 20)

FrZVM `{ � ±SYHI\a OZm XIY RtµSXI\ µSWTSPI\ kTX�\

V~µU, I´ µV `Vd lPWMVTsSU� (6$C%. 25, g0)

�OZ�HsSM `{ xZ[ ¸MXUIQVWS\ lSm ²lIMWI_ ²I_`SdIU lSm

ZVWTSMXV\ XI�\ ÅQHI_\ lSm HUsiTSMXV\ X[M ±SYHIM nT_-

PIM n}p X�\ Z�HVp\ MIµWjIMXV\ SGX[M XVsMKlLMSU. (6$C%.

g4, g9)

±VZIWsSµVM `{ OM l_PW� O�� eµ�\, �XU Ô ZSPSJJLHHI-

µVM lSm ZIUVdXV lSm ZIUtTVXV. (2 �$.. 3, 4)

\iTZO &%D#$%L [PTNqO )%42K-$%L YrQWP]O )*"@$%L

S~ �¢µX, XSTU &D@"6&4)" 42"&+), &D@

eQkgsO ()*/-$%L 4$B.'B/ RZiO %$C/%L, -)+)#/%L

45 96&61$:;(*#.

�°X� q�i ST� kXPgST^ \XSXiq¤RXU S®P hR_ZP, STtU

SrkPr�RQ WwRQP [�kXiRNXP WXi]R_rU SÀ [PXRSgRrQ RT^,

}OS¤i� (?%/3/2$ .$ 3-$+/%"3 -)&42"&.$', ,+$& 4)

2�5

\XSXiq]O )%B".'%L, D(-2$J@.'%L

u [�kXiRNX, XU ."%+".-.)&%L, *"&&B"2%/"

u hR_ZU, ZTU &/+$, B),DC"&%-)

<="%;*(*#.

I. H(2"@"+/%" a)2BK / ("2"-"@/%": [WTYNYORQP, [WTYN-

YTSXQ, [WTSNkcRQP, [�NcRQP, [�NRScRQP � YQXSQk]XRQP, T£-

SO YQg\rQPSXQ, YQQRSwRQP � VWQSQkrNU, VWQSQk]µrPTU, V�QrNU,

V�Q]µrPTU, V�QRSgU � µrSXYNYT^, µrkNRSc � WXiXYQYfPXQ,

WXiQ]PXQ � WiT]YO\XU, WiT]RScRXU � R^P]krRXP, R^Prt-

RXP, R^P]RScRXP.

II. !"2"-"@/%": �. ¬ \ZiQTU YQ�\OP S~P [WTYigPSX YT�-

eTP V\]er^RrPÇ �èRSc\r�. ¬ Y� r�RS¤\rQ. 2. �yY�P ÉRSc-

\rP TzSr ²RS¤�rQ, [ee� WgPSX \QPrtSXQ \X� µrkNRSXSXQ.

3. ¬ Y¢µTU WiT]RScRr S~P ·QeSQgYcP ST� RSiXST�. �

ØY]OU ST� RSiXST� WiT]RSc. � ÖW~ S¢U V\\ecRNXU ST�

RSiXST� WiTrRSgkc. � �T� RSiXST� WiTrRSc\ÍU (WiTrR-

SÍU) \XeeNRScP PN\cP VPN\cRrP. 4. �Teeg\QU PcRQ�SXQ

S¢U R^µµX_NXU [�NRSXPST. � �T� WTe]µT^ qrPTµ]PT^ lSQ

WerNTÛ [W]RScRXP. � eeTÛ � �ZRXPYiTU S¢U R^µµX-

_NXU [W]RScRrP. � ÎPQTQ \X� �No [WrRSgkcRXP. � �T� �R-

SrOU \r\^\eOµ]PT^ WgPSrU ±Yc [�rQRS¤\rRXP ([�]RSX-

RXP).

III. !"2"-"@/%": �. �N ÉRSXSr [WTiT�PSrU; 2. �TeeT� ÉRSX-

RXP VP STtU |re�TtU [PYiQgPSrU. 3. Ø q¢ YT\rt µ�P ²RSg-

PXQ, \QPrtSXQ Y]. 4. �y\ [r� [qXk~P ¾P rhc RÕsrQP S� \Xk-

rRS�SX. 5. �TeeT� YrYQfSrU ST§U SiQg\TPSX SîgPPTÛ

l�^qTP. 6. ·cYr�U \X\�U erq]SO ST§U SrkPr�SXU. 7. ��

WTetSXQ Ve^WT�PST [\TZTPSrU ST§U WerNRSTÛ S�P rhU

S®P }Q\reNXP Wer^RgPSOP SrkPgPXQ.

2�6

2"?) 5 6

¿¡µQ, rhµN, �cµN, T¡YX. 52"B"..K" (2/@$%)#.K" (2"@+)-

b"./' (�WfSr, rh) & )(%$%/-)B; T¡YX + participium; RZPTQYX VµX^-S� + participium; V�fP 4$4 partici-pium absolutum.

I ("2-)6 ,2D((" ,+$,)+)- II &(2'b"./' )%.)&'%&'

%$4b" / ."B.),)#/&+"..K" $23$/#"&4/" ,+$,)+K & 4)2-

."-KB (2"J".&)B (*"J D@-)"./' - )&.)-" .$&%)'C",)

-2"B"./). H./ ." /B"0% ()+.)6 ($2$@/,BK -&"3 -2"-

B". / '-+'0%&' ."@)&%$%)#.KB/. �$4)-K ,+$,)+K r¡µQ

="7&), rhµN @<&A, �cµN ,"9"4)&A.

&Q3R8Q g�µI - #?'#, =6B'#

8+$,)+ r¡µQ ()&.)-$ rQ/Q-) - .$&%)'C"B -2"B"./ /.@/-

4$%/-$ /B""% J.$#"./" *D@DC",) -2"B"./ (C ="7!0), -

/.a/./%/-", (2/#$&%/'3 / )(%$%/-" � J.$#"./" .$-

&%)'C",) /+/ *D@DC",). (5 &BK&+" .$&%)'C",) -2"B"./

)*K#.) D()%2"*+'"%&' ,+$,)+ li_TµXQ )!&).)

Praesens


Sg. � r¡µQ jO jTQµQ, hTNcP

2 r¡! j�U! jTQU! jkQ!

3 r¡RQ(P)! j�! jTQ! jSO!

Pl. � jµrP jOµrP jTQµrP

2 jSr! jcSr! jTQSr! jSr!

3 jXRQ(P)! jORQ(P)! jTQrP! hfPSOP,

jSORXP!

2�7

Imperfectum

� íX, írQP íµrP

2 írQRkX, írQU! íSr!

3 írQ(P)! íRXP, írRXP!

Infinitivus � h]PXQ.

Participium � m. h�P, hfPSTU, f. hT�RX, hTZRcU, n. hfP,

hfPSTU.

Adiectivum verbale � hS]TP /+/ hScS]TP (VRSN) !"+?%"

)!&).

NB 5 "@/.&%-"..)B #/&+" /.@/4$%/-$ (2"@&%$-+".$ &/+L.$' &%D(".L ,+$&.),) )&.)-K (rQ).

x)2BK /.@/4$%/-$ / /B("2$%/-$ .$&%)'C",) -2"-

B"./ � {.4+/%/4/. A ,+$,)+)- & (2"a/4&$B/ - {%/3

a)2B$3 D@$2"./" () -)JB)b.)&%/ ("2".)&/%&' .$ (2"-

a/4&, .$(2/B"2: �WrQµQ 07!0, �WQSr 07!)&$.

&Q3R8Q glµF, 9+')

8+$,)+ rhµN /B""% )&.)-D VR-, 4)%)2$' - 2'@" a)2B

(2"%"2("-$"% 2$J+/#.K" a)."%/#"&4/" /JB"."./'.

Praesens


Sg. � rhµN � rjcP

2 r¡! íU! rjcU! jRkQ!

3 VRSN(P)! í! rjc! lRSO!

Pl. � VRµ]P �µrP r¡µrP

2 VRS]! �Sr! r¡Sr! lRSr!

3 rhRN(P)! �RQ(P)! �RQ(P)! lRSOP, ßPSOP!

2�8

Imperfectum

� �, �P �µrP

2 �RkX! �Sr, �RSr!

3 �P! �RXP!

Infinitivus � r¡PXQ.

Participium � m. üP, ßPSTU, f. T¨RX, TzRcU, n. ßP,

ßPSTU.

NB x)2BK /.@/4$%/-$ .$&%)'C",) -2"B"./, 42)B" r¡, � {.4-

+/%/4/, "&+/ )./ D()%2"*+".K - J.$#".// &-'J4/.

A ,+$,)+)- & (2"a/4&$B/ D@$2"./" () -)JB)b.)&%/

("2".)&/%&' .$ (2"a/4&, .$(2/B"2: WgirQµQ =4).0&-

.&90D, WgirRSr =4).0&.&907&$.

H &(2'b".// ,+$,)+$ rhµN - /.@/4$%/-" *D@DC",)

-2"B"./ Db" ,)-)2/+)&L - D2)4" 9. 1 /B"..), ). /B""%

)4).#$./' B"@/$+L.),) J$+),$ %"B$%/#"&4),) &(2'b"-

./', 42)B" a)2BK %2"%L",) +/�$ "@/.&%-"..),) #/&+$

(lRSXQ � *"J &)"@/./%"+L.)6 ,+$&.)6). 5 %$*+/�" ./b"

()B"C".K %$4b" @2D,/" a)2BK aD%D2DB$ {%),) ,+$,)+$.

Indicativus Optativus Infinitivus Participium

Sg. � lRTµXQ! VRTNµcP! lRrRkXQ! VRfµrPTU!

2 lR�, lRrQ lRTQT VRTµ]Pc

3 lRSXQ lRTQST VRfµrPTP

Pl. � VRfµrkX VRTNµrkX

2 lRrRkr lRTQRkr

3 lRTPSXQ lRTQPST

&Q3R8Q _oµF &676"#')

8+$,)+ �cµN ,"9"4)&A /B""% )&.)-D �c-/�X-. :&()+L-

JD"%&' / @2D,$' a)2B$ & {%/B b" J.$#"./"B � �gR\O.

2�9

Praesens


Sg. � �cµN �� XNcP

2 �çU, �¤U! �ÀU! �XNcU! �gkQ!

3 �cRN(P)! �À! �XNc! �gSO!

Pl. � �Xµ]P ��µrP �XtµrP

2 �XS]! �¢Sr! �XtSr! �gSr!

3 �XRNP! ��RQ(P)! �XtrP! �gPSOP!

Imperfectum

� l�cP l�XµrP

2 l�cRkX, l�cU! l�XSr!

3 l�c! l�XRXP!

Infinitivus � �gPXQ.

Participium � �gR\OP.

Futurum � �¤RO.

Aoristus � l�cRX.

NB x)2BK /.@/4$%/-$ .$&%)'C",) -2"B"./, 42)B" a)2BK 2 Sg. �çU, �¤U, / /B("2$%/-$ .$&%)'C",) -2"B"./ � {.4+/%/-4/. A (2"a/4&$+L.K3 ,+$,)+)- D@$2"./" - {%/3 a)2B$3 ()

-)JB)b.)&%/ ("2".)&/%&' .$ (2"a/4&.

&Q3R8Q L�VU 5*%')

?2"@/ ,+$,)+)-, D()%2"*+'0C/3&' (2"/BDC"&%-

-"..) - ("2a"4%" (&B. D2)4 55), .$/*)+"" D()%2"*/%"+L-

.KB '-+'"%&' ,+$,)+ T¡YX >%(&A ()&.)-$ hY-/rhY-/rhYr-

/ThY-). 5 {%)B ,+$,)+" )&)*"..) '&.) (2)'-+'"%&' 2"-

JD+L%$%/-.)" J.$#"./" ("2a"4%$: C 0>%(+ � C >%(D. !+0-

&4-$B("2a"4% /B""% J.$#"./" /B("2a"4%$ C >%(+.

220


Sg. � T¡YX rhY� rhYrNcP

2 T¡RkX rhYÀU rhYrNcU jRkQ

3 T¡Yr(P) rhYÀ rhYrNc jRSO

Pl. � jRµrP rhY�µrP rhYrtµrP

2 jRSr rhY¢Sr rhYrtSr jRSr

3 jRXRQ(P) rhY�RQ(P) rhYrtrP jRSOP

Infinitivus - rhY]PXQ

Participium - rhY�U, fSTU; rhY^tX, XU; rhYfU, fSTU

NB I)."#.K6 &),+$&.K6 )&.)-K -Y- ("2"@ µ, S, k ("2"3)@/% - -R-. I).�0.4%/- / )(%$%/- )*2$JD0%&' )% 2$&`/2"..)6 )&-.)-K rhYr-. 5) B.)b"&%-"..)B #/&+" )(%$%/-$ -)JB)b.K /

a)2BK, )*2$J)-$..K" () $.$+),// & "@/.&%-"..KB #/&+)B: rhYrNcµrP, rhYrNcSr, rhYrNcRXP.

Plusquamperfectum Futurum

Sg. � ÏYc, íYrQP! rjRTµXQ!

2 ÏYcRkX, íYrQU! rjR�!

3 ÏYrQP, íYrQ rjRrSXQ

Pl.� íRµrP, íYrµrP rhRfµrkX

2 íRSr, íYrSr rjRrRkr

3 íRXP, íYrRXP rjRTPSXQ

Adiectivum verbale - hRS]TU!

NB !+0&4-$B("2a"4% /B""% 4$4 *)+"" $23$/#"&4/", %$4 / *)+"" ()J@./" a)2BK. 5 aD%D2DB" #$C" D()%2"*+'0%&' B"-

@/$+L.K" a)2BK, .) -)JB)b.K / $4%/-.K" (rjRO).

/#*'%01#1

�. 5 D2)4" 37 - &-'J/ & )%.)&/%"+L.KB/ (2"@+)b"./'B/

Db" D()B/.$+/&L (2"@+)b"./' /%"2$%/-.K", - 4)%)-

22�

2K3 2"#L /@"% ." ) "@/./#.K3, $ ()-%)2'0C/3&' @"6&%-

-/'3. �$4/" (2"@+)b"./' B),D% *K%L ." %)+L4) )%.)&/-

%"+L.KB/, .) /, - #$&%.)&%/, -2"B"..KB/ (& &)0J$B/,

)J.$#$0C/B/ '",!(, .$(2/B"2, & &)0J)B rTuKg). >+'

-K2$b"./' - /%"2$%/-.)B (2"@+)b".// @"6&%-/', ()-

-%)2'-`",)&' - (2)`"@`"B -2"B"./, D()%2"*+'"%&'

8D535C7 .$&%)'C",) -2"B"./ /+/ $)2/&%$.

2. 5 D2)4" 36 Db" `+$ 2"#L ) (2"@/4$%/-.)B (2/#$&%//

(2/ ,+$,)+$3 #D-&%-"..),) -)&(2/'%/', 4)%)2)" &%$-/%-

&' - -/./%"+L.)B ($@"b" - 4$#"&%-" (2/+)b"./' 4 @)-

()+."./0 D(2$-+'0C",) ,+$,)+$. 5 2"JD+L%$%" ()+D#$-

"%&' 4).&%2D4�/' accusativus cum participio. �$4)" b"

D9C>345C= -)JB)b.) / (2/ ,+$,)+$3 BK&+/, .$(2/-

B"2, D9C RQ3R8Q= L�VU 5*%'). 7&+/ +),/#"&4)" ()@-

+"b$C"" (2/#$&%/' )@/.$4)-) & ()@+"b$C/B D(2$--

+'0C",) ,+$,)+$, %) ).) (2/ (2/#$&%// ." -K2$b$"%&',

/ %$4/B )*2$J)B ()+D#$"%&' ." accusativus cum partici-

pio, $ %)+L4) (2/#$&%/" - /B"./%"+L.)B ($@"b". 9$-

(2/B"2:

ÈRkQ VW� XyS�U S�U kZiXU [�Qqµ]PTU � >%(7, -&" &<

=4)B$+ ' .(5<5 !9$4C5.

1.$+),/#.) D()%2"*+"./" (2/#$&%/' - /B"./%"+L.)B

($@"b" / - -K2$b".// & (2"a/4&$+L.KB ,+$,)+)B

JWHLIVU SµUfK� 165*%7%') 5% 1696e:

RZPTQYX VµX^S� YrNP� rhiqXRµ]PTU � C .">%(D, -&" ."-

9$4B)+ 0?(.%"$.

3. !2/#$&%/' *"J+/#.K3 ,+$,)+)-, D()%2"*+"..K" - $4-

4DJ$%/-" / ,2$BB$%/#"&4/ ." &-'J$..K" ./ & 4$4/B #+"-

.)B (2"@+)b"./', .$JK-$0%&' participium absolutum,

.$(2/B"2, V�fP 5"?%" ()% l�rRSQ):

222

°XNWri V�~P XyS� �^qrtP V\ S�P YrRµ�P Ty\ [WçrQ �

×"&C 5"?%" @<+" $50 @$?(&A, "% %$ 0B$+ )> &D4A5<.

(8P935 C =R8 y>=BCPC

}O\igScU PrXPNR\ª ärPT��PSQ ßPTµX [WXPS¤RXU

WTS� WXiQ]PXQ Ty\ rjX, [ee� Wi~U XySfPÇ �¸gkQ, � �]e-

SQRSr, � l�c, � WT� WOeT�PSXQ T� h_kZrU;� �T� Y�

[WT\iQPXµ]PT^Ç ��P S� eQµ]PQ�, V\rtPTU WgeQP ±irSTÇ

��T� T� \]iXµTQ;� ¬ Y] �cRQPÇ �|¢eTP �SQ VP S� \riXµrQ-

\��. }O\igScU Y]Ç �Ëi� T¡RkX, �WT^ ¾P r£iTQU S®P [ir-

S®P \X� ST§U [qXkT§U �PYiXU;� �\rNPT^ Y� Ty �gR\TP-

STU rhY]PXQ, }O\igScUÇ �èWT^ �iX, � l�c, � \X� µgPkX-

Pr�. °X� V\rtPTU ÉRWrST \X� µXkcS®U Vq]PrST XyST�.

�®P [i_®P }O\igScU eQkT\fWTU îP £RSriTP VSigWr-

ST Wi~U S~ �QeTRT�rtP. ¿ySre�U �P ST� q]iTPSTU R_¢µX

\X� XhR_i~P S~ WifROWTP. ¬WfSr WriQNTQ VP �RSrQ, R^P-

çrQ WXPSTNTQU [Pki�WTQU YQXerqfµrPTU Þ PrXPNXQU Þ VP-

Yf�TQU m¤STiRQP Þ YcµQTîqTtU Þ YTZeTQU. �XPSX_T� Y�

Vs¤SrQ, SNU rhYrNc S~ [eck�U \X� S~ [qXk~P \X� S~ YN\XQTP.

��¡YX µ]P, � l�XR\rP, � XyS~U TyY�P rhY�U. éRSQU �P SQ

rhYÀ ± SQ rhY]PXQ YT\À, ST�STP rjOkX ViOSwP \X� Ve]q-

_rQP. �TeeT� q�i S®P ²X^S�P S]_PcP r¨ jRXRQP µRWri T�

_Xe\rtU S~ _Xe\rZrQP. �N Y� S®P ¹^_®P Ê�rert, TyYr�U

XyS�P T¡YrP�.

�]eTU Y� V_kiTN SQPrU ST� q]iTPSTU \XScqficRXP, \X�

T� S¢U ueQXNXU YQ\XRSX� \XS]\iQPXP XyST� S~P kgPXSTP

©U YQX�krNiTPSTU ST§U P]TÛ \X� rhR�]iTPSTU \XQP� YXQ-

µfPQX. °XNWri V�~P XyS� �^qrtP V\ S�P YrRµ�P Ty\ [W-

çrQ. �£SO q�i °iNSOPQ S� �Neª VP S� YrRµOSciNª WXi-

fPSQ YQre]_kcÇ �}ZPTQYX VµX^S� S®P WXSiNYX Ty\ [YQ\¤-

223

RXU. ¿jWri u WXSi�U �XNPrSXQ Vµ� [YQ\¤RXRX, �µOU TyYr-

P� SifWª �Xµ�P [PSXYQ\cS]TP r¡PXQ. �� q�i PfµTQ VWQ-

RSgPSrU ³Yr ¾P �XtrPÇ ,�£SOU r¡ RT�fU, � }�\iXSrU,

µRSr Ty\ T¡RkX µcSi~U \X� WXSi~U \X� �eeOP WiTqfPOP

SQµQOS]iXP T¨RXP S®P WXSiNYX S®P Rr qrPP¤RXRXP \X�

ki]¹XRXP \X� WXQYrZRXRXP; |Q� ST�ST Yrt WigSSrQP \X�

WgR_rQP, ½ ¾P WiTRSgSS� WXkrtP., �X�SX [\TZRXU, �

�NeSXSr, Ty\ �WrQµQ ©U YT�eTU �WQRSTU�.

ÆyST� Y� SrkPr�STU T� µXkcSX� XyS� µPcµrtX lkrRXP

\geeQRSX. �egSOP µ�P \X� �QeTRT�NXU \X� WTQ¤RrOU Vµ-

WrQifSXSTU S� }O\igSTÛ YfqµXSX VP WTeeTtU YQXef-

qTQU VY¤eORr, ärPT��P Y� S~P �NTP \X� S~P SifWTP V\rN-

PT^ [\iQ��U [P]qiX¹rP.

C'"+760 #5 '"%&(?##

�y P�P \XSrtYTP Wi�STP, [ee� WTeeg\QU

�iX_rtXP ¯iq®P ©U [µ¤_XPTP \X\fP.

}T� q�i WXi~P q¢P S¤PYr \X� YfµTÛ l_rQP

°TZ�OU �riTZR� \irQRRfPOP �TêrZµXSX

�fqOP µXSXNOP T£Pr\� V\WrRÀ _kTPfU.

Eur. Med. 443 sqq.

(&+)-$ ;J).$, )*2$C"..K" 4 ="@"")

3(01#0%

g�µI /@%/ ((&&. =4$>$%. 9 >%(-$%)) fut.)

WgirQµQ ("& r¡µQ) (2)3)@/%L B/B) (fut.)

_oµF ,)-)2/%L

� h_kZU, ZTU 2K*$

�ifµcP Aor. II (&2. ViOSgO) &(2)&/%L

L�VU J.$%L

_mJYG ,)-)2/%L

VSiXWfµcP Aor. II 4 Si]WTµXQ ()-)2$#/-$%L&'

�QeTRT�]O +0*/%L BD@-2)&%L, a/+)&)a&%-)-$%L

S~ R_¢µX, STU -."`.)&%L, &)&%)'./" (.4. ./$5()

224

S~ WifROWTP, T^ +/�), ("2&).$, B$&4$

WriNrQµQ ("& r¡µQ) )*3)@/%L

RZPrQµQ (r¡µQ) &3)@/%L&' (fut.)

\XScqTi]O )*-/.'%L; @)4$-JK-$%L (.4. '(&$,"4)C)

S~ YXQµfPQTP, T^ *)b"&%-) T� YrRµTN, �P 2"B./ �WrQµQ ("& r¡µQ) D3)@/%L,

D@$+'%L&' (fut.) S~ YrRµOS¤iQTP, T^ %02LB$,

DJ/+/C" JWHLIVU &)J.$-$%L

WiTRSgSSO (2/4$JK-$%L, (2"@(/&K-$%L

�WQRSTU, TP ."-"2.K6, ()-@)J2/%"+L.K6, ." -.D-`$0C/6 @)-"2/'

S~ µPcµrtTP, T^ ($B'%./4 � YQgeTqTU, T^ 2$J,)-)2 RZPrQµQ (rhµN) *K%L -B"&%"

� ärPT��P, �PSTU I&".)-a).%

S~ �TZer^µX, STU -)+', (2/4$J

� _Xe\rZU, ]OU B"@.K3 @"+ B$&%"2, 4DJ."�

� YfµTU, T^ @)B, b/+/C" rjWri 2$J Db

qrPPgO ()2)b@$%L \XkTigO &B)%2"%L, J$B"-

#$%L

\T��TU, c, TP +",4/6

� eQkT\fWTU, T^ 4$B".)%"&

µgSXQTU, XNX, XQTP (D&%)6, %C"%.K6

V\WNWSO -K($@$%L, *K%L /J,.$..KB

[µ¤_XPTU *"&()B)C.K6, ."-)JB)b.K6, ."(2")@)-+/BK6

[PSXYQ\]O &)-"2`$%L ."-&(2$-"@+/-)&%L - )%-"%

u ueQXNX, XU ,"+/{', &D@ (2/&'b.K3

45 ,676&6 8%7('%

yFJ� V~µU X[ �H�S lSm X[ Ï, HLJVU lqPUI\ � sV�\, � ÉM

lSm � ºM lSm � OPQ�µVMI\, � ZSMXIlPiXpP. (�="'. g, 8)

wIYXI `L �KµU, x`VH�IW, �XU TcP} lSm S¬µS RSTUHVWSM

sVIY lHKPIMIµ�TSU IG `qMSXSU IG`{ N �sIPc X�M x�sSPTW-

SM lHKPIMIµVd. (g 2"4. g5, 50)

ØHVJIM I�M SGX�a ZIY OTXUM � ZSXtP TI_; ¸ZVlPWsK ²K-

TIY\a IÐXV Oµ{ I�`SXV IÐXV X[M ZSXLPS µI_a V~ Oµ{ Ù`VUXV,

lSm X[M ZSXLPS µI_ ®M Ù`VUXV. (�%. 8, g9)

vr`S lSm XSZVUMIYTsSU, Ir`S lSm ZVPUTTVqVUM� (�)+.

4, g2)

225

�SGXIm JcP I�`SXV �XU V~\ XIYXI lVWµVsSa lSm JcP �XV

ZP[\ eµ�\ ºµVM, ZPIVHLJIµVM eµdM �XU µLHHIµVM sHWRV-

TsSU, lSsª\ lSm OJLMVXI lSm I�`SXV. (g �$.. 3, 3-4)

µSm XW\ � lSl�TpM eµ�\ OcM XIY xJSsIY jKHpXSm JLMK-

TsV; yzHH� V~ lSm ZiTQIUXV Ùc ÙlSUITqMKM, µSliPUIU. w[M

`{ ��RIM SGX]M µ� �IRKs�XV µK`{ XSPSQs�XV. (g E$&4. 3,

g3-g4)

� WXPST\igSOi, TiTU -&"-@"2b/%"+L

\eciTPTµ]O ()+D#$%L - .$-&+"@&%-)

u �kTig, wU %+"./" u [�kXiRNX, XU ."%+"./" SXWrQPfO &B/2'%L µX\giQTU, X, TP *+$b"..K6

WriQRRrZO /J)*/+)-$%L, *K%L - /J*K%4"

keN�O %"&./%L, @$-/%L \X\fO )*/b$%L, (2/%"&.'%L � sceOS¤U, T� 2"-./%"+L,

(2/-"2b"."� SXigSSO -)+.)-$%L

45 96&61$:;(*#.

¸XNPrQ µTQ ©U �PkiOWTU, �cR�P u ��kTiTU \fic Wi~U

S~P [i_QRSigScqTP, \X� W�U �k]qq� i¤µXSX ¥W�i �P-

kiOWTP; µrS� VµT� l�cU q�i S~P Ðr~P lRrRkXQ \X� R\c-

P�RrQP VP SÀ µ¤Sio µT^� (?%/3/2$ .$ «8)&()@/, -)J-

J-$3�» ò+$,)-"C"./')

��kTiTU, TP ."%+"..K6, ."-/..K6

�k]qqTµXQ (2)/J.)&/%L, /J@$-$%L J-D4

� [i_QRSigScqTU, T^ ,+$--.K6 -)".$#$+L./4, $3/&%-2$%/,

u µ¤SiX, XU D%2)*$

<="%;*(*#.

I. !"2"-"@/%": jkQ Tj\XYr, jRkQ RT�fU, jRkQ TyY�P Wig�XU,

("2"(/`/%" {%/ &+)-)&)#"%$./', B".'' @$..D0 ,+$-

226

,)+L.D0 a)2BD .$ �) imperat. 3 sg. 2) imperf. � sg. 3) part.

praes. act. - .$#$+L.)6 a)2B" / 4) inf. praes. act.

II. H(2"@"+/%" a)2BK )% rhµN, r¡µQ / ÒcµQ: [WQ]PXQ, [�Q]-

PXQ � V�P [�À, V�P [WÀ, �SXP [WN�, ÂU ¾P [�QÀ � rjkr

[�rtrP, rjkr [WrtrP � rjkr WXirtrP (2) � VWr� [WÀRXP,

VWr� [W¢RXP � [WQS]TP VRSNP, [�rS]TU VRSNP.

III. !"2"-"@/%": �. �N �ÀU, � �]eSQRSr; 2. |Q� SN TyY�P l�c-

RkX; 3. �T� �Sr; 4. ËiX RZPTQRkX RrX^S� [YQ\¤RXU;

5. �fSr uµtP RZPQSr; 6. ËiX µ® [W¢Sr; 7. �fRTQ [WNXRQP;

8. Ëi� Ty\ VµT� WXi]RrRkr; 9. ¿jkr �XtSr, WfSriTP V\rNPª

R^P¢Sr Þ �eeª SQPN. �0. �y\ jRµrP, WTtTP l_rQ SifWTP.

227

2"?) 5 7

8+$,)+K & (2"J".&)B () )*2$J�D ÒRScµQ; ,+$,)+K .$ -P^µQ.

8+$,)+K WNµWecµQ, ¯PNPcµQ, R^µ-µrNqP^µQ; infinitivus futuri () )*-2$J�D ßµP^µQ.

&Q3R8QO 4 D9=A=B48N D8 8@93Acy �JKoµI

I ("2-)6 ,2D((" II &(2'b"./' )%.)&'%&' %$4b" ."-

&4)+L4) ,+$,)+)- & )&.)-)6 .$ X-, .$(2/B"2: ¯PNPcµQ

=4)%".)&A ="+A>0, (Vµ)WNµWecµQ %(="+%C&A, YZPXµXQ

5"-A, VWNRSXµXQ >%(&A. 5 .$&%)'C"B -2"B"./ )./

&(2',$0%&' () %/(D ,+$,)+$ ÒRScµQ. 5 "@/.&%-"..)B

#/&+" /.@/4$%/-$ @"6&%-/%"+L.),) J$+),$ (2"@&%$-+".

@)+,/6 -$2/$.% )&.)-K, -) B.)b"&%-"..)B #/&+" �

42$%4/6. H&.)-$ (2"J".&$ /B""% D@-)"./". 5 B"@/$+L-

.)B J$+)," D@-)"./' ."%.

x)2BK @2D,/3 -2"B". D {%/3 ,+$,)+)- )*2$JD0%&'

%$4 b", 4$4 / D ,+$,)+)- I &(2'b"./'.

Activum

Praesens


Sg. � WNµWecµQ WNµWeO WQµWeXNcP

2 WNµWecU! WNµWe�U! WQµWeXNcU! WNµWec!

3 WNµWecRQ! WNµWe�! WQµWeXNc! WQµWegSO!

Pl. � WNµWeXµrP WNµWeOµrP WQµWeXNcµrP

2 WNµWeXSr WNµWecSr WQµWeXNcSr WNµWeXSr

3 WQµWewRQ(P)!WNµWeORQ(P)!WQµWeXNcRXP!WQµWegPSOP!

228

Imperfectum

� VWNµWecP VWNµWeXµrP

2 VWNµWecU! VWNµWeXSr!

3 VWNµWec! VWNµWeXRXP!

Infinitivus � WQµWegPXQ.

Participium � m. WQµWegU, gPSTU, |

f. WQµWewRX, WQµWegRcU,

n. WQµWegP, WQµWegPSTU.

Medium-passivum

Praesens


Sg. � WNµWeXµXQ WNµWeOµXQ WQµWeXNµcP

2 WNµWeXRXQ! WNµWe�! WNµWeXQT! WNµWeO!

3 WNµWeXSXQ! WNµWecSXQ! WNµWeXQST! WQµWegRkO!

Pl. � WQµWegµrkX WQµWe�µrkX WQµWeXNµrkX

2 WNµWeXRkr! WNµWecRkr! WNµWeXQRkSr!WNµWeXRkr!

3 WNµWeXPSXQ!WNµWeOPSXQ!WNµWeXQPST! WQµWegRkOP!

Imperfectum

� VWQµWegµcP VWQµWegµrkX

2 VWNµWeO! VWNµWeXRkr!

3 VWNµWeXST! VWNµWeXPST!

Infinitivus � WNµWeXRkXQ.

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f. WQµWeXµ]Pc,

n. WQµWegµrPTP.

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Activum

Praesens


Sg. � YrN\P÷µQ YrQ\PZO YrQ\PZTQµQ

2 YrN\P÷U! YrQ\PZ�U! YrQ\PZTQU! YrN\P÷!

3 YrN\P÷R(P)! YrQ\PZ�! YrQ\PZTQ! YrQ\PZSO!

Pl. � YrN\P^µrP YrQ\PZOµrP YrQ\PZTQµrP

2 YrN\P^Sr! YrQ\PZcSr! YrQ\PZTQSr! YrN\P^Sr!

3 YrQ\PZXRQ(P)!YrQ\PZORQ(P)!YrQ\PZTQrP! YrQ\PZPSOP!

Imperfectum

� VYrN\P÷P VYrN\P^µrP

2 VYrN\P÷U! VYrN\P^Sr!

3 VYrN\P÷! VYrN\P^RXP!

Infinitivus � YrQ\PZPXQ.

Participium � m. YrQ\P�U, YrQ\PZPSTU,

f. YrQ\P�RX, YrQ\PZRcU,

n. YrQ\PZP, YrQ\PZPSTU.

Futurum � YrN�O (&(2',$"%&' 4$4 �êg�O).

230

Aoristus � lYrQ�X (&(2',$"%&' 4$4 V�ZeX�X).

Perfectum � Y]YrQ_X (&(2',$"%&' 4$4 Wr�ZeX_X).

Plusquamperfectum � VYrYrN_c, -rQP (&(2',$"%&' 4$4

VWr�êg_c, -rQP).

Medium-passivum Praesens


Sg. � YrN\P^µXQ YrQ\PZOµXQ YrQ\P^TNµcP

2 YrN\P^RXQ! YrQ\PZ�! YrQ\PZTQT! YrN\P^RT!

3 YrN\P^SXQ! YrQ\PZcSXQ! YrQ\PZTQST! YrQ\PZRkO!

Pl. � YrQ\PZµrkX YrQ\P^�µrkX YrQ\P^TNµrkX

2 YrN\P^Rkr! YrQ\PZcRkr! YrQ\PZTQRkr! YrN\P^Rkr!

3 YrN\P^PSXQ!YrQ\PZOPSXQ!YrQ\PZTQPST! YrQ\PZRkOP!

Imperfectum

� VYrQ\PZµcP VYrQ\PZµrkX

2 VYrN\P^RT! VYrN\P^Rkr!

3 VYrN\P^ST! VYrN\P^PST!

Infinitivus � YrN\P^RkXQ.

Participium � m. YrQ\PZµrPTU,

f. YrQ\P^µ]Pc,

n. YrQ\PZµrPTP.

Futurum med. � YrN�TµXQ (&(2',$"%&' 4$4 �êg�TµXQ).

Aoristus � VYrQ�gµcP (&(2',$"%&' 4$4 V�êX�gµcP).

Futurum pass. � YrQ_k¤RTµXQ (&(2',$"%&' 4$4 �êX_-

k¤RTµXQ).

Aoristus pass. � VYrN_kcP (&(2',$"%&' 4$4 V�êg_kcP).

Perfectum med. (pass.) � Y]YrQqµXQ (&(2',$"%&' 4$4

Wr�ZeXqµXQ).

Plusquamperfectum � VYrYrNqµcP (&(2',$"%&' 4$4 VWr-

�êgqµcP).

23�

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245

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