Øv`k Avng` Qdv ¯§„wZ e³…ZvcUf~wg :

2002 mv‡ji RyjvB gv‡m Avng` Qdv Ici wcGBP.wW M‡elYv Kivi wm×všÍ †bB| 29‡k RyjvB 2002 ÔAvng` Qdv : Rxeb I mvwnZ¨Õ wk‡ivbv‡g Avwg Rvnv½xibMi wek¦we`¨vj‡qi evsjv wefv‡M wcGBP.wW M‡elYvi mvi-ms‡ÿc Rgv †`B| IBw`bB Avwg kvnevM AvwRR mycvi gv‡K©‡U ÔQdv Bbw÷wUDUÕ G hvB| †mLv‡b wkebvivqY `vm bv‡gi GKR‡bi m‡½ †`Lv nq| wZwb ZLb Avng` Qdvi cÖ_g g„Zy¨ evwl©Kxi Abyôv‡bi `vIqvZ c‡Î wVKvbv †jLvi KvR KiwQ‡jb| Zvu‡K Avwg QdvwRi Ici wcGBP.wW Kivi Rb¨ Rvnv½xibMi wek¦we`¨vj‡q ‡iwR‡÷ªk‡bi Av‡e`b Kivi welqwU RvbvB| ZLb wZwb `vIqvZ c‡Î wVKvbv †jLvq †hb AviI g‡bv‡hvMx n‡jb| Avwg e‡m A‡cÿv Kwi Avi Zvui Kg©hÁ †`L‡Z _vwK| GKUz c‡i Avevi Zvui `„wó AvKl©Y Kivi Rb¨ Avng` Qdvi cÖ_g g„Zz¨ evwl©Kxi Kv‡R mswkøó _vKvi AvMÖ‡ni K_v RvbvB| Avgvi g‡b n‡jv wZwb ZLb `~i`k©x †Kv‡bv cwiKíbvi wn‡me‡K AviI cwiKwíZ Kivi wPšÍvq we‡fvi| wbZvšÍ Awb”Qvq wZwb GKwU `vIqvZ cÎ Lv‡g f‡i bvg †jLv QvovB Avgvi w`‡K evwo‡q w`‡q Abyôv‡b Avm‡Z ej‡jb| Avwg wgwbU Lv‡bK e‡m †_‡K wb‡P †b‡g Gjvg| wb‡P G‡m eB‡qi †`vKv‡b Avng` Qdvi eB cy¯ÍK LyuwR| †c‡q hvB Avng` Qdvi bvbv eB †hLv‡bB Avm‡j Avwg †h Avng` Qdv‡K †LvuRvi †Póv K‡iwQ ev cvIqvi K_v †f‡ewQ Zv cvIqv ‡M‡Q|2002 mv‡ji 4Vv AvM÷ b‡fiv wgjbvqZ‡b Avng` Qdv wel‡q ¯^cÖ‡Yvw`Z †cÖiYv wb‡q Dcw¯’Z nB| eo Av‡qvRb wQ‡jv| cÖPzi gvby‡li mgvMg n‡qwQ‡jv| bvbvR‡bi Av‡jvPbv ïwb| wKš‘ AšÍZ GKR‡bi Av‡jvPbv Avgvi †ek LUKv jv‡M| Gici XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi GB evwYR¨ Abyl` wgjbvqZ‡b, myjZvb-Qdv cvVkvjv Ges wcwcAviwm bvgK GKwU GbwRI Awdmmn bvbv¯’v‡b Avng` Qdv welqK Abyôv‡b wbqwgZfv‡e Ges Am¤¢e ˆah©, g‡bv‡hvM I ˆbe©¨vw³K gvbwmKZvmn bvbvR‡bi bvbv Av‡jvPbv I e³e¨ ïb‡Z _vwK| KvD‡K KvD‡K Avwg †h Avng` Qdvi Ici M‡elYvi KvR KiwQ Zv RvbvBI wKš‘ Zvu‡`i AwaKvs‡ki wbKU †_‡K †mB cÖ_g w`b 2002 mv‡ji 29‡k RyjvB wkebvivqY `vm bvgK e¨w³i wbKU †_‡K †h djvdj †c‡qwQjvg ev cÖwZwµqv †c‡qwQjvg Zvi e¨wZµg wKQz cvB wb| wKš‘ M‡elYvi wbqg ev mZZvi ¯’vb hv-B ewj AšÍZ GKR‡bi bvg Avwg D‡jøL KiwQ hvui Av‡jvPbv¸‡jvB Avgv‡K mPwKZ Ki‡Zv †hb Avgv‡K AviI Kv‡Ri cÖwZ AvMÖnx Ges kÖ×vkxj Ki‡Zv; wZwb Aa¨vcK mwjgyjøvn Lvb|

MZ GKhyM Avng` Qdv welqK Av‡jvPbv¸‡jv Avgvi M‡elYvi Rb¨B ï‡bwQ wKš‘ †Kv‡bv Abyôv‡b GKwU kãI D”PviY Kwi wb| KviY Avgvi jÿ¨ m¤ú‡K© Avgv‡K m‡PZb _vK‡Z n‡q‡Q| evi eQi †Kv‡bv K_v ewj wb Zv Kvh©Kvi‡Y †h mwVK wQ‡jv GwU GLb Avgvi wbKU cig mš‘wói| GKhyM c‡i AvR Øv`k Avng` Qdv ¯§„wZ e³…Zvq Ask wbw”Q| g‡b KiwQ IB evi eQi †Kv‡bv K_v bv ejviB dj GwU| Avng` Qdv ¯§„wZ e³…Zvq K_v ejvi my‡hvM K‡i †`Iqvq ÔAvng` Qdv ivóªmfvÕ mswkøó mK‡ji wbKU K…ZÁZv cÖKvk KiwQ, mKj‡K ab¨ev` Rvbvw”Q| Øv`k Avng` Qdv ¯§„wZ e³…Zvi GB cÖeÜwU Rvnv½xibMi wek¦we`¨vj‡qi evsjv wefv‡M wcGBP.wW wWwMÖi Rb¨ Dcš’vwcZ Awfm›`‡f©i Dcb¨vm As‡ki f~wgKv| Awfm›`‡f©i wk‡ivbvg wQ‡jv ÔAvng` Qdv : Rxeb I mvwnZ¨Õ| 2002-2003 wkÿve‡l© wcGBP.wW M‡elYvi KvR ïiæ K‡i Zv †kl nq 2011 mv‡j| M‡elYvi cÖvß djvdj Awfm›`f© AvKv‡i Rgv †`Iqv nq 2013 mv‡j| 2014 mv‡ji 10B Ryb Rvnv½xibMi wek¦we`¨vj‡qi wmwÛ‡KU wcGBP.wW wWwMÖ cÖ`vb K‡i| f~wgKvwUi e³e¨ Awfm›`‡f© Avng` Qdvi AvUwU Dcb¨v‡mi we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbvq ¯úó Kiv n‡q‡Q| Av‡jvP¨ cÖe‡Ü †mB f~wgKv AskwU‡K Aí cwieZ©b K‡i Avng` Qdv ¯§„wZ e³…Zv Dc‡hvMx Kivi †Póv Kiv n‡q‡Q|

Avng` Qdvi Dcb¨vm : evsjv‡`‡ki Rb¥ I weKv‡ki ivR‰bwZK-mvgvwRK e¨vKiYGK. f~wgKv :

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evsjv‡`‡k Avgv‡`i †mŠfvM¨ †h Avgiv †mB ALÐ gvbe Rxeb-e„‡Ëi †fZi w`‡q iv‡óªi Rb¥ I weKv‡ki †h fvlv ZvI cÖwZdwjZ n‡Z †`wL| Avi Zv cvB Ôevsjv‡`‡ki mvwn‡Z¨i bvqKÕ Avng` Qdvi Dcb¨v‡m| Avng` Qdv Mí, KweZv, cÖeÜ, cwÎKvi Kjvg, mv¶vZKvi cÖf„wZi gva¨‡g †h me wPšÍv‡K cÖKvk Ki‡Z †P‡q‡Qb ‡m wPšÍv‡KB †hb Kvwnwb I PwiÎ wP·Yi gva¨‡g Dcb¨v‡m ej‡Z †P‡q‡Qb| Zvui wPšÍvi g~‡j wQ‡jv evsjv‡`k ivóª I †mLv‡b emevmiZ gvbyl| Ab¨ †jLvmg~‡n hv cÖKvk Ki‡Z †Póv K‡i‡Qb Zv‡K AviI †ekx we¯Í…Z I †hŠw³K NUbv‡Kw›`ªK Kivi Rb¨ wZwb Dcb¨vm iPbv K‡i‡Qb| wKš‘ hw` Zvui mgKvj I Rxeb‡K fv‡jvfv‡e Abyaveb Kiv bv nq Z‡e wZwb Dcb¨v‡mi †fZi w`‡q Ôevsjv‡`k ivóªÕ I GB †fŠ‡MvwjK mxgvq emevmiZ gvbyl wb‡q †h wPšÍv cÖKvk Ki‡Z mdj n‡q‡Qb Zv eySv KwVb n‡e| Zvui mvwnZ¨ m¤ú‡K© ejv nq :

Avng` Qdvi mvwnZ¨Kg© c~e©vci D‡Ïk¨cÖ‡Yvw`Z| †mB D‡Ï‡k¨i Kvh©KviY m¤ú‡K© wZwb AZ¨šÍ m‡PZb|1

d‡j Avng` Qdvi e¨w³K Rxe‡bi Pvicv‡ki ivR‰bwZK-mvgvwRK NUbv †mªvZ Acivci mvwnZ¨ avivi g‡Zv Dcb¨v‡mI Awbevh© fv‡e G‡m c‡o‡Q| wZwb evOvwj RvwZi ivóªxq ‡PZbvi wÎKvj`k©x ¯^iƒc wewbg©v‡Yi cÖ‡Yv`bv †_‡KB Aó-cÖc‡Âi GK ALÐ AvKi AvUwU Dcb¨v‡mi AvkÖq wb‡q‡Qb| wZwb AvUwU Dcb¨v‡m ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`k m„wói c~e© †_‡K beŸB-`k‡Ki cÖ_gfv‡Mi mgqc‡e©i ‡h we‡kl we‡kl Av_©-mvgvwRK, e¨w³K NUbvmg~n Ñ ‡mme‡K Ges Zv †_‡K DËi‡Yi Rb¨ fwel¨r KiYxq‡K wbw`©ó Ki‡Z †P‡q‡Qb| Dcb¨vm iPbvi ‡ÿ‡Î wZwb wb‡Ri jÿ¨ †_‡K wePz¨Z nb wb| evsjv‡`k iv‡óªi ivR‰bwZK I mvgvwRK MwZ-cÖK…wZ‡K GKwU mij‰iwLK ALÐ Rxeb-e„‡Ë cÖKv‡ki Rb¨ wZwb wb‡Ri Jcb¨vwm‡KvwPZ †eva‡K mh‡Zœ bvbv Kvwnwb web¨v‡m cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb| Dcb¨vm †Kv‡bv `vk©wbK wPšÍvi evnb bq GwU Kw_Z GK Awfav| RMZ I Rxeb‡K hvuiv GKwU Kvwnwbi ‡fZi w`‡q Dc¯’vc‡bi gva¨‡g ¯^”Q Ki‡Z †P‡q‡Qb, †P‡q‡Qb Rxeb‡K mgvR I ivóªxq, KLbI c„w_exi Acivci ev¯ÍeZvi wbwi‡L Zvi gv‡b LyuR‡Z Zvuiv Dcb¨vm‡K †Kej †Kv‡bv Kvwnwbi web¨vm g‡b K‡ib wb| Avgv‡`i ˆmq` IqvjxDjøvn wb‡Ri wZbwU Dcb¨vm Ôjvjmvjy (1948)Õ, ÔPvu‡`i Agvem¨v (1964)Õ I ÔKvu‡`v b`x Kvu‡`v (1968)Õ‡Z GK ALÐ `vk©wbK cvV Dc¯’vcb K‡i‡Qb| Aaybv cÖvß Zvui ÔK`h© Gkxq (2004)Õ Dcb¨v‡mI Z…Zxq we‡k¦i ivóªxq RxebvPv‡ii GK ZË¡‡K `vuo Kwi‡q‡Qb| G Qvov gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `Ë gnvKv‡e¨i me iKg wbq‡gi †fZi †_‡KI EYwesk kZvãxi fviZxq Rxeb-e„‡Ëi GK mvwe©K `vex‡K

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ÔfÐvgxÕI, Ñ †mB Ôwg_¨v-wek¦vmÕ AwP‡iB fzjwÉZ nq wek¦v‡mi aviK-evn‡Ki civR‡qi †fZi w`‡q| Avng` Qdv G Ae¯’v‡K cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb ÔGKRb Avjx †Kbv‡bi DÌvb cZbÕ Dcb¨v‡m| gyw³hy‡×i gva¨‡g m„ó evsjv‡`k ivóªwU †kKovbywgZ wbqg-bxwZi wecwi‡Z Pj‡Z wM‡q 1975 †_‡K 1990 ch©šÍ wbgw¾Z _v‡K weK…Z, Amy¯’ ivRbxwZ‡Z| G Kvjc‡e© †`‡ki ivRbxwZ‡Z NU‡Z _v‡K Rxe‡bi KjywlZ Kvgbvi cÖ‡¶cY; bxwZ-Av`k© k~b¨, A‡hvM¨ I wbgœ-gvbe‡eva m¤úbœ gvbyl‡`i cÖwZôv I c‡`vbœwZ| m`¨ ¯^vaxb †`‡k hvI `yÕGKwU m¤¢vebvi exR †ivwcZ nw”Qj wKš‘ ZvI mhZœ cÖ‡Póv Ges ivóªxq-mgv‡Ri c„ó‡cvlKZvi Afv‡e AKv‡j nvwi‡q hvq| Avng` Qdv G w`Kmg~n G‡b‡Qb Zvui Ôgib wejvmÕ (1989), ÔMvfx weËvšÍÕ (1995) I ÔA‡a©K bvix A‡a©K Ck¦ixÕ (1996) Dcb¨v‡m| G ch©v‡q Amy¯’ RxebvPvi Ges ïfKi-‡ev‡ai wecix‡Z Pj‡Z _v‡K iv‡óªi cÖwZwU cÖwZôvb| d‡j Rxeb I mgvR BwZnv‡mi cÖwZ wek¦vmx gvbyl mvgwqKfv‡e mgvR Af¨šÍi¯’ Rxeb cÖevn †_‡K gyL wdwi‡q wb‡Z eva¨ nq| G Ae¯’vi cÖwZK…wZ n‡jv cÖK…wZi-mgvR DcKi‡Yi cÖhZœ-‡Póvi †fZi w`‡qB †mB AvZ¥mgwc©Z gvbyl eyS‡Z cv‡i gvby‡li Rb¨ Ôgvbe mgvRBÕ K‡g©i Rb¨, wPšÍvi Rb¨ w¯’wiK…Z †¶Î| gvbe mgv‡Ri fv‡jvg›`‡K †gvKv‡ejv K‡iB Zvu‡K cÖMwZi cZvKv‡K D‡a©Ÿ ivLvi msMÖvg K‡i †h‡Z n‡e| Avng` Qdv G Ae¯’v‡K we‡køl‡Yi Rb¨ GK ÔAe¯‘Zvwš¿KÕ fve RM‡Zi m„wó K‡i‡Qb Zvui Ôcy®ú e„¶ Ges wen½ cyivYÕ (1996) Dcb¨v‡m| mgKvj, cÖengvb ivóª-mgvR I gvbe Rxeb †Kw›`ªK Zvui †h g~j¨vqb Zv‡K GKwU `vk©wbK cÖZxwZ‡hv‡M Dcb¨vmwU‡Z G‡b‡Qb| cÖK…wZi MvQcvjv, cïcvwLi gv‡S AvZ¥mgwc©Z gbyl¨Rxeb, gvbee¨vÄbvnxb mxgvšÍiw¯’Z gvbe mgvRk~b¨ Rxeb †_‡K gvb‡ei gv‡S wd‡i Avmvi AvKzjZv I wm×v‡šÍi †fZi w`‡q Avng` Qdv Zvui Ôcy®ú e„¶ Ges wen½ cyivYÕ Dcb¨v‡m mgvR-ivóªmn gvbe-RxebvPvi‡KB Avwj½b K‡i‡Qb|

Avng` Qdv ewY©Z AvUwU Dcb¨vm n‡jv :1. m~h© Zywg mv_x (1967) 2. I¼vi (1975) 3. AjvZPµ (1984)4. GKRb Avjx †Kbv‡bi DÌvb cZb (1988)5. giY wejvm (1989)6. Mvfx weËvšÍ (1995)7. A‡a©K bvix A‡a©K Ck¦ix (1996)8. cy®ú e„¶ Ges wen½ cyivY (1996)

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†QvU †evbmn| mi`vi Ave`ym mvËvi GB `yB Dcb¨v‡mi mgš^q †`‡L‡Qb G fv‡e :

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wLªóvb-Bs‡iR †kvlY †_‡K gy³ n‡q †h ag©xq åvZ…‡Z¡i Kw_Z PvcvevwR‡Z cvwK¯Ívb cÖwZôv jvf K‡i Avng` Qdv Zvi AmviZv †`Lvb Ôm~h© Zzwg mv_xÕ Dcb¨v‡m| G Dcb¨v‡m ivRbxwZi †h wPÎUzKz †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q Zv M‡o D‡V‡Q MÖvgxY `wi`ª Rb‡Mvwôi m‡½ †RvZ`vi †kÖwYi fzwg AwaKvi‡K †K›`ª K‡i| `wi`ª MÖvgxY RbM‡Yi fzwg-AwaKvi cÖwZôvi Rb¨ ÔK…lK mwgwZÕ bv‡gi ivR‰bwZK msMVb KvR K‡i| †mB msMV‡b nvwmgiv mg‡eZ nq| wKš‘ Zviv mdj nq bv eis mgvR h‡š¿i †kvlY cÖwµqv Aeva ivLvi Rb¨ mnvqK f~wgKvq Av‡m _vbv-cywjkiƒcx kw³| Zv‡`i QÎ-Qvqvq MÖvgxY †gvojiv Rqx nq, wVK †hb evOvwji `xN©w`‡bi Av‡›`vjb msMÖv‡gi c‡iI wb‡R‡`i Rb¨ ivóª-Kv‡Vv‡gvi AwaKvi ‡_‡K ewÂZ nIqv| †h wØ-RvwZ Z‡Ë¡i †gvo‡K cvwK¯Ívb cÖwZwôZ e‡j cÖPvi Pvjv‡bv nq Avng` Qdv Zv KLbI g‡b K‡ib wb| wZwb g‡b Ki‡Zb evsjv‡`k ivóªwUi cÖwZôvi †cQ‡b wQ‡jv RvwZMZfv‡e GKwU Avjv`v ivóª MV‡bi avivevwnK `xN© msMÖvg| IB msMÖv‡gi †fZiMZ ZvwM‡`B evOvwj hy‡M hy‡M Av‡›`vjb K‡i‡Q wKš‘ bvbv Av‡ivwcZ Pµv‡šÍi Kvi‡Y mdj nq wb| d‡j cvwK¯Ívb cÖwZôvi c‡i mvgwqK mg‡qi Rb¨ evOvwji DcwiKvVv‡gvMZ GKUv mš‘wói Aven KvR KiwQ‡jv| evOvwj cvwK¯Ívb cÖwZôvi ci Av‡ivwcZ mš‘wói Kvi‡Y wb‡Riv †hb ¯’wei n‡q hvq, †hb wb‡R‡`i AwaKvi Av`v‡qi fvlv nvwi‡q †d‡j| wKš‘ Ae‡PZ‡bi Aw¯’-g¾vq RvwZMZfv‡e ¯^vaxb nIqvi †h cÖevn KvR KiwQ‡jv bxi‡e Zv †R‡M DV‡Z _v‡K AwP‡iB| GB Ae¯’v‡KB cÖZxKxfv‡e Dc¯’vcb K‡i‡Qb Avng` Qdv Zvui ÔI¼viÕ Dcb¨v‡m|cvwK¯Ívbx kvmK-‡kvlK †Mvwôi ˆelg¨ bxwZi weiæ‡× evOvwji cÖwZev` ïiæ n‡qwQ‡jv 1948 mv‡jB| gvZ…fvlv wn‡m‡e evsjv fvlv‡K cÖwZôvi msMÖv‡gi avivevwnK †h AR©b Zv †_‡K lv‡Ui `k‡K evOvwj RvwZ ¯^vwaKvi I ¯^vaxbZvi Av‡›`vjb ïiæ K‡i| EYmËz‡ii MY-Afy¨Ìv‡bi †fZi w`‡q ivR‰bwZK I A_©‰bwZKfv‡e e›`x evOvwj RvwZ gyw³i m¤¢vebv‡K ey‡K aviY K‡i Zxeª Av‡›`vj‡b mvwgj nq| wbi¶i, ivR‰bwZKfv‡e AbMÖmi

evOvwj RbmgvRI µ‡g wb‡R‡`i ¯^vaxbZvi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Dcjwä Ki‡Z _v‡K| GKwU †evev †g‡q bxie Ae‡jvK‡bi gva¨‡g †`‡L‡Q evOvwj RvwZ Kxfv‡e e›`x `kv †_‡K gyw³i Awebvmx Avkvq †R‡M DV‡Q| †mI fvlvi e›`xZ¡ NywP‡q †h cÖvYcY I hš¿Yven cÖ‡Póvq ÔevOjvÕ aŸwb D”PviY ch©v‡q G‡b‡Q Ñ G †hvMm~·KB Avng` Qdv evOvwji e›`xZ¡ †_‡K gyw³i avivevwnK mhZœ cÖ‡Póvi Zvrch©‡K ÔI¼viÕ Dcb¨v‡mi ¯^í I mij Kvwnwb web¨v‡mi Af¨šÍ‡i GK `vk©wbK wPšÍv Dc¯’vcb K‡i‡Qb| Dcb¨vmwUi Kvwnwb eqvbKvixi ev †evev †g‡qwUi †Kv‡bv bvg †bB| Ggb wK †h †QvU †evbwU Mvb †k‡L ev hvuiv wgwQ‡j wgwQ‡j evOvwji e×-‡¯ªvZ‡K dj¸avivq cÖevwnZ Ki‡Q Kv‡ivB bvg †bB| G Ae¯’vUvi e¨vL¨v Aa¨vcK mwjgyjøvn Lvb Zvui ÔAvng` Qdv mÄxebxÕ eB‡qi ÔfvRK, fvR¨, fvMdj I fvM‡klÕ GB Pvifv‡M wef³ GK wn‡m‡ei ÔfvMdjÕ As‡k Ôevsjvg`Õ bvgK As‡k w`‡q‡Qb| wZwb e‡j‡Qb :

... I¼vi Dcb¨v‡mi eqvb whwb Kwi‡Z‡Qb Zvnvi †Kv‡bv bvg Avng` Qdv iv‡Lb bvB| Zvnvi ev‡ci bvgI iv‡Lb bvB| ï× ZvnvB b‡n, †evev †eŠ‡qiI bvg Avgiv Rvwbjvg bv| †evev nB‡jI gvby‡li GKUv bvg _vwK‡Z †`vl bvB| eqvbKv‡ii †QvÆ †evbwUiI bvg bvB|4

GB bvg _vKv bv _vKv wb‡q wK Avng` Qdvi †Kv‡bv cwiKíbv wQ‡jv ev wQ‡jv evsjv‡`‡ki R‡b¥i cÖme-‡e`bv mg‡qi †Kv‡bv Ô‡g‡mRÕ †`Iqvi my`~i-cÖmvix wPšÍv| Avgiv g‡b Kwi Avng` Qdv Avgv‡`i gyw³hy‡×i cÖ¯‘wZ-c‡e©i ev gyw³hy‡×i msNUb cÖwµqvi †h mvwe©K cÖ¯‘wZi K_v Avgv‡`i‡K Rvbv‡Z Pvb Zv‡K †hŠw³K Kivi Rb¨B wZwb Kv‡iv bvg e¨envi K‡ib wb| gyw³hy×wUi cÖ¯‘wZ Avm‡j Kv‡iv GKvi ev †Kv‡bv we‡kl bv‡gi Kv‡ivi jÿ¨gyLx cÖ‡Póvi dmj bq| mgMÖ RvwZ Ges †fŠ‡MvwjKfv‡e mgMÖ evsjv‡`k AÂj †hb †R‡M DVwQ‡jv mgvšÍiv‡j A‡b‡Ki ARv‡šÍ| wKš‘ Dcb¨v‡mi Pwiθ‡jv wK †mB mg‡qi evsjv‡`‡ki evB‡ii wKQz ev evB‡ii KvD‡K g‡b nq? †gv‡UB Zv g‡b nq bv| wKš‘ hw` †Kv‡bv bvgB bv _v‡K †Zv Zv‡`i wK e¨w³i Rxe‡bi KvD‡KB ev aiv hvq? ZvI hvq bv| Zvn‡j Avng` Qdv †Kb Kv‡iv bvg e¨envi Ki‡jb bv, Avgiv evsjv‡`k A‡ji †Kv‡bv Dcb¨v‡m wK Ggb Nivbv cvB? mnR DËi, ZvI cvIqv hvq bv| Zvn‡j Ggb n‡e †Kb Dcb¨vmwUi? DËiwU Aa¨vcK mwjgyjøvn Lvb wKQzUv D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb| Avgiv Avgv‡`i cÖ‡qvR‡b †mUzKz wePvi K‡i †`‡LwQ| Avng` Qdv gyw³hyׇK Avm‡j wbw`©ó †Kv‡bv m¤úª`v‡qi ev `‡ji ev Kv‡iv m‡PZb cÖqv‡mi dmj wn‡m‡e †`Lvb wb| `xN©w`‡bi †kvlY-eÂbvi weiæ‡× mgMÖ evOvwjB †h †R‡M DVwQ‡jv Zv‡K †Kv‡bv bvg w`‡q LwÐZ wZwb K‡ib wb| ‡mB Rb¨B Dcb¨v‡mi Pwiθ‡jvi †Kv‡bv bvg wZwb †`b wb| Aa¨vcK

mwjgyjøvn Lvb ej‡Z †P‡q‡Qb H †h Pwiθ‡jv Avgv‡`i bq gv‡b Ôc‡iiÕ Ges †mB ÔciÕ gv‡b kÎæ bq| wZwb Rvwb‡q‡Qb H Ôci gv‡b e¨w³ b‡n, RvwZÕ (mwjgyjøvn Lvb 2010, c„. 187)| AvgivI g‡b Kwi Avng` Qdv Kv‡iv bvg e¨envi K‡i Dcb¨vmwUi mgMÖ-RvwZ Pwi‡Îi Av`j‡K cÖkœwe× K‡ib wb| GKwU cÖkœvZxZ Ges wb‡g©vn Ae¯’v‡b †_‡K wZwb Avgv‡`i gyw³hy‡×i mvwe©K cÖ¯‘wZi welqwU Avgv‡`i gv‡S Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z †P‡q‡Qb| Ôgyw³hy‡×i Dcb¨v‡miÕ †ÿ‡Î †Zv Aek¨B cÖKiYMZ w`K †_‡KI Avng` Qdv evsjv‡`‡ki Dcb¨vm PP©vi BwZnv‡m AwØZxq, AviI wbw`©ó K‡i ej‡j GKK Jcb¨vwmK| wZb. Amgvß gyw³hy× Ges wg_¨v wek¦v‡m Mov mv¤ªv‡R¨i cZb :

gyw³hy× msNUb cÖwµqvwU †Kv‡bv wg_¨v Avkv I nVvr m„wói NUbv bq| †kvlY, wbh©vZb I A_©‰bwZK ˆel‡g¨i weiæ‡× Ae¨vnZ Av‡›`vjb Ges ivRc‡_ cÖvY wemR©‡bi avivevwnK cÖ¯‘wZi c‡_B me©vZ¥K mk¯¿ gyw³hy×| G †`‡ki Avcvgi RbMY †`‡ki gyw³i Rb¨ hvi hvi Ae¯’v‡b †_‡K wbišÍi Av‡›`vjb-msMÖvg K‡i‡Q| K…lK-kÖwgK-QvÎ-hyeK-bvix-cyiæl-e„× mK‡j wb‡R‡`i‡K cvwK¯Ívbx †kvlY-eÂbv †_‡K evsjv‡`k‡K gyw³i avivevwnK cÖ‡Póv Pvwj‡qwQ‡jv| Avng` Qdv Zvui ÔAjvZPµÕ Dcb¨v‡m ÔZv‡qevÕ Pwi‡Îi gva¨‡g †`wL‡q‡Qb †h Zv‡qev evsjv‡`‡ki mk¯¿ gyw³hy× ïiæi c~‡e© Kx Amxg mvn‡m Av‡›`vjb-msMÖv‡gi wgwQj wgwUs‡q Ask wb‡qwQ‡jv| wKš‘ Dcb¨v‡mi Kvwnwbi gva¨‡g Jcb¨vwmK †`wL‡q‡Qb †h †mB Zv‡qev †KvjKvZvq GKvKx nvmcvZv‡j g„Zz¨i w`‡K GwM‡q hv‡”Q| GwU GK ai‡bi cÖZxKx Dc¯’vcb| Avgiv Rvwb ¯^vaxbZvi Rb¨ gyw³i Rb¨ evsjv‡`‡ki jÿ jÿ hyeK A¯¿-cÖwkÿY wb‡q hy‡× Ask wb‡qwQ‡jv| wKš‘ gyw³‡hv×viv gvZ…f~wgi mgMÖ Qvcvbœ nvRvi eM© gvB‡jB hLb gyw³i Rb¨ hy‡×i ivR‰bwZK †PZbv mg„× n‡q Ô†Mwijv hy×Õ I Ôm¤§yL hy‡×Õ mdj nIqvi c_ ˆZwi KiwQ‡jv ZLb 1971 Gi wW‡m¤^‡ii kyiæ‡Z ÔfviZ-cvwK¯ÍvbÕ hy× cÖwµqvq fviZxq †mbv evwnbx ÔwgÎ evwnbxÕ bv‡g evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡× mivmwi AskMÖnY K‡i| wKš‘ Zvi Av‡MB evOvwji gyw³hy× GKwU mvsMVwbK Ae¯’v‡b `vuwo‡q wM‡qwQ‡jv| †mB cwiKwíZ I gyw³hy‡×i †PZbvq mg„× hy× ïiæ nIqvi Ae¨ewnZ mg‡qB evsjv‡`‡ki hy‡× fviZxq wgÎ evwnbx AskMÖnY K‡i| GB Ae¯’vwU‡KB Avng` Qdv Zv‡qevi A_©vr gyw³hy‡×i g„Zz¨ wn‡m‡e †`wL‡q‡Qb| gyw³hy× wb‡q GLbI bvbv Av‡jvPbvq bvbv gZ †`Lv †`q| ¯^vaxbZv jvf n‡jI h_vh_ gyw³ bv Avmvi †ÿ‡Î Amgvß-wecø‡ei cÖm½I Av‡m| †KD e‡jb

fviZxq †mbvevwnbx Avgv‡`i gyw³hy‡× Ask †bIqvq nq‡Zv Avgv‡`i ¯^vaxbZv Z¡ivwš^Z n‡q‡Q wKš‘ evOvwj h_vh_fv‡e gyw³ AR©b Ki‡Z cv‡i wb, gyw³hy× we‡ivax kw³‡K wbwðý Kivi I wPwýZ Kivi my‡hvMwU Kv‡R jvMv‡bv hvq wb| Kv‡iv aviYv †h hy× AviI `xN©vwqZ n‡j G †`‡k mvaviY gvby‡li gv‡S †hgb bvbv ‡kÖwY-‡ckvi gv‡SI m¤§yL-gyw³‡hv×vi msL¨v AviI e„w× †c‡Zv, †bZv-‡bZ…‡Z¡i gv‡SI gyw³hy‡×i ivR‰bwZK †PZbv Mfxi n‡Zv| gyw³‡hv×v‡`i †fZ‡i ¯^vaxbZv AR©‡bi A`g¨ B”Qv kw³ e„w× cvIqvi cÖwµqvwU hLb `vbv evua‡Z ïiæ K‡iwQ‡jv ZLbB fviZxq wgÎ evwnbxi mnvqZvq †`k ¯^vaxb n‡q hvq| Avng` Qdv Zvui Dcb¨v‡m †`wL‡q‡Qb fviZxq wgÎ evwnbx †h w`b evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡× cÖKv‡k¨ Rwo‡q hvq †m w`bB ÔAjvZPµÕ Dcb¨v‡mi †K›`ªxf~Z PwiÎ ÔevOvwji ¯^vaxbZvi cÖZxK Zv‡qevÕ g„Zy¨eiY K‡i| evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡×i bvbv Av‡jvPbv mgv‡jvPbvi †h So Zv gv_vq †i‡LI ejv hvq Avng` Qdvi g‡Zv GiKg ¯úó I †hŠw³K e¨vL¨v †KD w`‡Z cv‡i wb †Kv‡bv Dcb¨v‡m †Zv bqB| Avng` Qdv ÔAjvZP‡µiÕ Kvwnwbi e¯‘Zvwš¿K e¨vL¨v-we‡kølY I Dc¯’vc‡b gyw³hy× mswkøó GKwU ÔZË¡Õ `vuo Kwi‡q‡Qb| Avng` Qdv †Kej evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡×i ZË¡‡KB cÖwZwôZ K‡ib wb †mB Amgvß wecø‡ei gva¨‡g AwR©Z evsjv‡`kI †h ¯^vaxbZvi c‡i bvbv ai‡bi Av`k©ewR©Z avÜvevR gvby‡li fvmgvb kw³‡Z fi K‡i PjwQ‡jv †mwUI †`wL‡q‡Qb Zvui ÔGKRb Avjx †Kbv‡bi DÌvb cZbÕ cÖZxKx Dcb¨v‡m| G Dcb¨v‡m †K›`ªxq PwiÎ Avjx †Kbvb wbQK †eu‡P _vKvi msMÖv‡gi Ask wn‡m‡e `i‡ekx fvb †bq| Zvi Pvicv‡k Ry‡U wKQz ¯^v_©v‡š^mx gvbyl hv‡`i †eu‡P _vKvi Aej¤^b n‡q D‡V Avjx †Kbv‡bi wg‡_¨ wek¦v‡m Mov `i‡ekx mv¤ªvR¨| wKš‘ †h‡nZz Avjx †Kbv‡bi wb‡RiB †Kv‡bv Av`k© wQ‡jv bv Ges †m Rvb‡ZvI †h Zvi Pvicv‡ki mevB Av‡Q hvi hvi ¯^v‡_© ZvB †`Lv hvq Dcb¨v‡mi †kl w`‡K †hw`b Avjx †Kbv‡bi cZb N‡U †mw`b Zvi m‡½i Abymvixiv hvi hvi ¯^v_© g‡Zv Zv‡K †Q‡o P‡j hvq| Avng` Qdv Dcb¨v‡m †`wL‡q‡Qb Avjx †Kbvb KZ msMÖvg K‡i wb‡Ri mv¤ªvR¨ M‡o Zz‡j‡Q| †mB mv¤ªv‡R¨i m`m¨iv GKgvÎ Avjx †Kbv‡bi eyw× I `~i`k©x cwiKíbvi †Kej dj‡fvMx| A_P Avjx †Kbvb hLb wec‡` c‡o‡Q ZLb Zvi me mwÂZ UvKv cqmv jyUcvU K‡i wb‡q cvwj‡q‡Q, Avjx †Kbvb n‡q‡Q wbt¯^, n‡q †M‡Q m¤ú~Y© GKv| Avng` Qdv cÖZxKx Dc¯’vc‡b †`wL‡q‡Qb †h wg‡_¨ wek¦v‡m Mov mv¤ªvR¨ wU‡K bv Ges Av`k©nxb †Kv‡bv Ae¯’v‡b hvivB fxo KiæK GK ch©v‡q †KD †mLv‡b ¯’vqx nq bv| Avng` Qdvi Dcb¨v‡mi `k©b‡K ¯úó Kivi Rb¨ GK mgv‡jvPK e‡j‡Qb :

†K¬` I Møvwbi †fZi w`‡qB GwM‡q P‡j c„w_exi cÖvq mKj Rb¥ cÖwµqv| wKš‘ †mB cÖwµqvi g‡a¨ hw` †K¬`‡K m¤ú~Y© AcmviY K‡i ï× n‡q DVevi wbišÍi cÖqvm bv _v‡K, Zvn‡j GKwU gnr Rb¥I †h †klvewa wgªqgvY I A_©nxb n‡q c‡o, ÔGKRb Avjx †Kbv‡bi DÌvb-cZbÕ- G G‡m †g‡j ZviB cÖZxKx I Zvrch©gwÐZ cwiPq|5

evsjv‡`‡ki m‡½ Avjx †Kbv‡bi Rxeb-fv‡l¨i Zzjbv Kiv hvq| evsjv‡`k ¯^vaxbZv jv‡fi ci bv c~uwRev` bv mgvRZvwš¿K Av`‡k© ivóª cwiPvwjZ n‡Z _v‡K| G Ae¯’vwU‡KB Avjx †Kbv‡bi `i‡ekx Rxe‡bi m‡½ Zzjbv K‡ib †KD †KD| Dcb¨v‡mi Kvwnwbi Kvi‡Y bvbv NUbvi †fZ‡iI Avng` Qdv wb‡Ri Awš^ó‡K fz‡jb wb| wZwb Dcb¨vwm‡KvwPZ ˆewk‡ó¨i †fZi w`‡qI GKwU †g‡mR w`‡Z mdj n‡q‡Qb| Dcb¨v‡mi Kvwnwb‡K wePvi Ki‡jB Zv ¯úó n‡q hvq| lv‡Ui `k‡Ki †kl fv‡Mi c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi ivR‰bwZK †`DwjqvZ¡ Ges evOvwji cÖwZ‡iva-we¶zä Ae¯’vq m„ó NUbvµ‡g Avjx †Kbv‡bi DÌvb N‡U Ges mvgvb¨ GKwU fy‡j †m Ôc‡_i dwKi Zzj¨Õ n‡q hvq| wKš‘ Avjx †Kbvb wb‡Ri ¯^-D™¢vebx kw³‡Z ‡ue‡P _vKvi GKwU c×wZ Avwe®‹vi K‡i †bq Ges gyw³hy‡×i mgqmxgvq ARvbv Ae¯’v‡b wbiæ‡Ïk †_‡K 1972 mv‡j ÔRq evsjvi `i‡ekÕ wn‡m‡e wbg evMv‡bi gvRv‡i Avwef~©Z nq| wewfbœ ˆewk‡ó¨i wkl¨-Abymvixmn Avjx †Kbv‡bi DÌvb N‡U| Zvi Abymvixiv wb‡R‡`i GKvšÍ ¯^v‡_© Zvi Pvicv‡k gvRv‡i GKwÎZ n‡qwQ‡jv| Avjx †Kbvb wb‡Ri GZw`‡bi mwÂZ weË-‰efe w`‡qI Zvi g‡bi †fZ‡i m„ó †cÖg ev¯Í‡e Avwj½b Ki‡Z bv †c‡i Db¥v‡`i g‡Zv n‡q hvq| mg¯Í cÖwZôv, UvKv-cqmv AKvh©Ki I A‡nZzK n‡q I‡V| †m Db¥v‡`i g‡Zv ÔUvKvi-evwÐjÕ Qz‡o †dj‡Z ‡dj‡Z AÁvb n‡q hvq Ges †mB my‡hv‡M Zvi wkl¨-Abymvixiv mewKQz jyU K‡i hvi hvi g‡Zv P‡j hvq| 1975 mv‡ji 15 B AvM÷ mKv‡j Avjx †Kbvb wb‡R‡K wmt¯^ Ae¯’vq Avwe®‹vi K‡i Ges ïb‡Z cvq †iwWI‡Z †NvwlZ n‡”Q e½eÜzi g„Zz¨i msev`| Avng` Qdv Dcb¨vmwUi Kvwnwbi cÖZxKx web¨v‡m Ô¯^-‡KŠkjx PvcvevwR‡ZÕ cÖwZwôZ ÔfÐ `i‡ekÕ Avjx †Kbv‡bi cZb I e½eÜzi g„Zz¨‡K GKB mgvšÍiv‡j G‡b Dcb¨v‡mi mgvßx †U‡b‡Qb Ges Gi gva¨‡g evsjv‡`‡ki GKwU Aa¨v‡qiI cÖwZiƒc wPwÎZ Kivi †Póv K‡i‡Qb|

Pvi. bó I A‡hvM¨‡`i AvMÖvm‡bi Aïf mgq cÖevn :

1975 mv‡ji ivR‰bwZK cU cwieZ©‡bi ci evsjv‡`k iv‡óªi mvwe©K Rxebfv‡l¨ ivóªxq c„ó‡cvlKZvq Amy¯’ ivR‰bwZK Rxeb PP©v ïiæ nq| cwiYvgfxwZk~b¨ n‡q mg~nRvMwZK c‡_ Pj‡Z wM‡q evOvwj RbmgvR mnRvZ ˆbwZKZv †_‡KI wePz¨Z n‡q c‡o| dj ¯^iƒc mgv‡R Avk¼vRbKfv‡e gvbe weKjb, A‰bwZK RxebvPv‡i AvKÉ wbg¾b ïiæ n‡qwQ‡jv| G Qvov ivóªxqfv‡e `y‡ói cwiPh©v, A‡hv‡M¨i c„ó‡cvlKZv, mr-b¨vq-wbô, cwikªgx I cÖvÁ Rxebavivi cÖwZ m‡PZb Ae‡njv, wbiærmvn g‡bvfve cÖ`k©‡bi gva¨‡g mgMÖ evsjv‡`kB †hb cÖMwZi wecixZ avivq engvb wQ‡jv| †mB AbvKvw•¶Z ivóªxq avivi cÖwZwµqvq Ges KL‡bv mgvšÍiv‡j e„w×cÖvß †h Rxeb 1975-1996 ch©šÍ wQ‡jv ZviB cÖwZdjb i‡q‡Q ÔgiY wejvmÕ, ÔMvfx weËvšÍÕ I ÔA‡a©K bvix A‡a©K Ck¦ixÕ Dcb¨v‡m| Avng` Qdv G ch©v‡qi Rxeb cÖevn‡K `yÕwU As‡k †`wL‡q‡Qb| GKwU ivóªxq-Rxeb cÖevn Ab¨wU mvgvwRK Rxeb cÖevn| GKwUi cÖfv‡e Ab¨wU A_©vr ivóªxq †h KjylZv ïiæ n‡qwQ‡jv evsjv‡`‡k ZviB cÖfv‡e †h mgvR Rxe‡bi Ab¨ cÖc¸‡jv‡Z aŸm †b‡g G‡mwQ‡jv †mwU Avng` Qdv Zvui Dcb¨vm iPbvi gva¨‡g cÖgvY Ki‡Z m‡Pó wQ‡jb| evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZvi ci †_‡KB civwRZ kw³i †`kxq I AvšÍR©vwZK P‡µi bvbv PµvšÍ ïiæ nq| AZci 1975 mv‡ji 15 AvM‡÷i wbg©g NUbv DËi mgq †_‡KB evsjv‡`‡k bvbv †jev‡m Pj‡Z _v‡K mvgwiK kvmb| cÖPwjZ mgvR I ivRbxwZi me iK‡gi wfZ fvO‡Z ïiæ K‡i ZLb †_‡KB| mk¯¿ gyw³hy‡×i AvcvZ †PZbvq evsjv‡`k hvÎv ïiæ Kivi Aíw`‡bi g‡a¨B evOvwj RvwZi gnvb †bZv RvwZi RbK e½eÜzi nZ¨v Kv‡Ði gva¨‡g ïiæ nq G †`‡k Aïf kw³i `vcU Ges kvmb cÖwµqv| †mB cÖwµqv †Kej †`k‡K cvwK¯Ívb fveavivq wdwi‡q †bIqvi †ÿ‡ÎB bq G †`k‡K GKwU e¨_© ivóª evbv‡bvi me iK‡gi cÖ‡PóvI Pj‡Z _v‡K| d‡j evOvwji mvgwMÖK Rxeb cÖev‡nB ivóªxqfv‡eB ïiæ nq bxwZ-‰bwZKZv ewR©Z Rxeb cÖevn| GKw`‡K gyw³hy‡×i †PZbv we‡ivax kw³ ivóªxq c„ó‡cvlKZv †c‡q iv‡óªi m‡e©v”P Ae¯’vb †_‡K mgvR cÖev‡ni cÖwZwU av‡c wb‡R‡`i‡K cÖwZwôZ Ki‡Z _v‡K Ab¨w`‡K mgv‡Ri bó gvbyl‡`i Avùvjb wd‡i Av‡m| †mB avivevwnK Rxeb-‡¯ªv‡Z G †`‡ki A‡dÿvK…Z ïfKi gvby‡li gv‡SI ïiæ n‡Z _v‡K GK ai‡bi bxwZ ewR©Z Rxebaviv myweavev` Ges bó Rxeb cÖevn| mgvR I ivóªxq Rxe‡bi cÖwZwU †ÿ‡ÎB Pj‡Z _v‡K `y‡ói cvjb I wk‡ói `gb|

Avng` Qdv evsjv‡`‡ki ivóªxq Rxe‡bi †h KjywlZ I Av`k© ewR©Z aviv Pj‡Z _v‡K ZviB iƒcvqY NwU‡q‡Qb Ôgib wejvmÕ Dcb¨v‡m| ÔgiY wejvmÕ Dcb¨v‡m KjywlZ, AcvO‡³q gvby‡li ivóªxq D”P-mxgvq DËxY© n‡q AvBbx i¶K nIqvi Amy¯’ ivRbxwZ PP©vi cÖm½ Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| G Dcb¨v‡m GKRb gš¿xi Rxeb-fvl¨ cvIqv hvq| whwb hZUv bó Rxeb cvo K‡i eo nIqv hvq †mUzKz †cwo‡q †`‡ki gš¿x n‡q‡Qb| Zvui Rxeb‡K †K›`ª K‡i iv‡óªi Rxeb-avivI Avng` Qdv †`wL‡q‡Qb| ivóªxq Rxeb KjywlZ n‡j mgvR RxebI †h mg~n m¤¢vebv Ges BwZevPKZvi c‡_ Pj‡Z cv‡I bv ZviB GK Mfxi cvV †hb ÔMvfx weËvšÍÕ Ges ÔA‡a©K bvix A‡a©K Ck¦ixÕ Dcb¨vmØq| G Dcb¨vm `yÔwU‡Z ga¨weË gvbe g~j¨‡eva †f‡O cov I evOvwji Avengvb HwZwn¨K ‡PZbvi †h aŸm bvgvi cÖwµqv Zv iƒcvq‡Yi †Póv Kiv n‡q‡Q| ÔgiY wejvmÕ Dcb¨v‡m Jcb¨vwmK mvgwiK kvmb wbqwš¿Z miKv‡ii GKRb j¤úU gš¿xi Rxe‡bi Amy¯’ RxebvPvi‡K Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb| G Dcb¨v‡m GKvav‡i cvIqv hvq :

¯‹z‡ji Mí, k¦ïievwoi Mí, bvbvevwoi Mí, ciwKqv †cÖ‡gi Mí, nZ¨vi Mí, AvZ¥nZ¨vi Mí, wn›`y mgv‡Ri Mí, gymjgvb mgv‡Ri Mí, Dfq mgv‡Ri ؇›Øi Mí, ... cx‡ii Mí, gywi‡`i Mí, mrfv‡qi Mí, ... my›`ix igYxi Mí, Qjbvgqx igYxi Mí, kvm‡bi Mí, †kvl‡Yi Mí, ...|6

‰¯^ikvm‡bi ˆbwZKZvewR©Z kvmK m¤cÖ`v‡qi mvwe©K wPÎ GKRb gš¿xi Rxebfv‡l¨ †jLK ¯úó K‡i‡Qb| †Kvb cÖwµqvi †fZi w`‡q mgv‡Ri wbK…ó GK ‡jvK ivóªxq kvmb wefv‡Mi m‡e©v”P cwil‡` ¯’vb K‡i †bq - †mwU Avng` Qdv ÔgiY wejvmÕ Dcb¨v‡m †`wL‡q‡Qb| gš¿x dR‡j Bjvwn bó gvby‡li cÖwZK…wZ wn‡m‡e wPwÎZ| wZwb bvbv iK‡gi Lvivc Kv‡Ri Rxeb-avivq AR©b K‡i‡Qb| IB bó RxebB †hb Zvu‡K gš¿xi Avmb e‡›`ve¯Í Ki‡Z †hvM¨ K‡i Zz‡j‡Q| ‡Kej ivóªxq Rxeb-e„ËB bq Aïf Rxeb-aviv †h mgvR¯’ Acivci cÖwZôvbmg~‡nI G ch©v‡q cÖevngvb wQ‡jv Zv †`Lv‡bvi Rb¨ Avng` Qdv AviI `yÔwU Dcb¨v‡mi mvnvh¨ wb‡qwQ‡jb; GKwU ÔMvfx weËvšÍÕ AciwU ÔA‡a©K bvix A‡a©K Ck¦ixÕ| ÔMvfx weËvšÍÕ Dcb¨v‡mi Kvwnwb g~jZ evsjv‡`‡ki m‡e©v”P we`¨vwcV XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi D”Pch©v‡qi wk¶K‡`i wb‡q iwPZ| G‡Z cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q wek¦we`¨vj‡qi m‡e©v”P c` fvBm †P‡Ýji Gi wbe©vPb, wb‡qvM I Zvi wk¶v-Áv‡bi mxgvnxb `vwi`ª¨, †UÛvi Kvwnwb, Av‡cvlKvgx wk¶K ivRbxwZi PvjwPÎ, QvÎ †bZv‡`i wKQz wbg©g mZ¨-wPÎ, m‡e©vcwi wk¶vi gnvb we`¨vwc‡V wbiew”Qbœfv‡e

wk¶v m¤úwK©Z Av‡jvPbvi cwie‡Z© GKwU Mvfx‡K wk¶K‡`i Av‡jvPbvi †K›`ªwe›`y‡Z D‡V Avmv|

Ávb, we`¨v, ms¯‹…wZ cÖf„wZ Dcv`vb AvcvZ`„‡ó mylg e‡j cÖZxqgvb ivóªxq KvVv‡gvi g‡a¨ KZ weK…Z, iæwPnxb Ges A‰ea Dcv‡q e¨eüZ n‡Z cv‡i Zvi bgybv Mvfx weËvšÍ| ... e¨½vNv‡Z wm×n¯Í Qdv GKwU Kvg‡aby ch©šÍ we`¨vwcVwUi †PŠnwχZ AbycÖ‡ek Kwi‡q‡Qb hv Ávb PP©vi bv‡g Pjgvb Kg©KvЇK mvK©v‡mi fvu‡oi Kvh©Kjv‡c cwiYZ K‡i‡Q| ... Dcb¨v‡mi msjvcweb¨vm GgbB †h Zv‡Z g‡b nq msjvc D”PviYKvixiv m-mb` GK-GKRb Avjx †Kbvb| we`¨vPP©vi cwikxwjZ RM‡Zi gbbk~b¨ K`vKvi †Pnviv‡K G‡Kev‡i D‡`vg K‡i †`b Jcb¨vwmK| ... GKwU mgvR I iv‡óªi †PŠci Amf¨Zvi PP©v Pj‡e A_P GKB mgvšÍiv‡j †mB mgvR I iv‡óªi m‡e©v”P ÁvbcxV wek¦we`¨vjq Kv‡Pi ev‡· †kvfgvb wew”Qbœ e¯‘i gZb _vK‡e Zv Avkv Kiv †h `yivkvi bvgvšÍi Mvfx weËvšÍ †mB msev` Rvbvq| D‡ëvfv‡e †`L‡j, mgvR-iv‡óªi cP‡bi cÖPÐZv Abyfe Kievi e¨v‡ivwgUvi Qdv-wPwÎZ wek¦we`¨vjq-Rxeb I ms¯‹…wZ|7

wek¦we`¨vjq Rxe‡bi ga¨weË †kªYxi bvbv Am½wZ‡K Avng` Qdv ÔMvfx weËv‡šÍÕ LwÐZ fv‡e Dc¯’vcb K‡i‡Qb| Avey Rybv‡q‡`i wek¦we`¨vj‡qi wf.wm nIqv †_‡K ïiæ K‡i G Dcb¨v‡m †h Kvwnwbi eqb Jcb¨vwmK Avng` Qdv K‡i‡Qb Zv‡Z wek¦we`¨vjq‡K Ávb-PP©vi †K›`ª wn‡m‡e we›`ygvÎ †`Lv‡bv nq wb| MvfxwU wb‡q wek¦we`¨vq cvovi mK‡ji †h AvMÖn Ges D”Q¡vm †`wL‡q‡Qb †mwU bvbv cÖkœ n‡q cvV‡Ki gv‡S aiv cov ¯^vfvweK| wkÿK‡`i, Qv·bZv‡`i †h e¨w³MZ ˆewk¦K ¯^v_©coZvi welq G Dcb¨v‡m ivRbxwZi cUf~wg wb‡q cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q †mwUI cÖkœwe× K‡i mKj‡K| ga¨weË †kªYxi Av‡iK ai‡bi LwÐZ Dc¯’vcb n‡jv ÔA‡a©K bvix A‡a©K Ck¦ixÕ Dcb¨vm| G Dcb¨v‡m `yi`vbv I kvgv‡ivL bv‡g `yB bvixi Rxeb-e„‡Ë Jcb¨vwmK ¯^vaxbZv DËi evOvwj ga¨weË †kªYxi GK Av‡avAv‡jv-Av‡avAÜKvi Rxe‡bi cÖKvk ‡`wL‡q‡Qb| Dcb¨vmwUi Kvwnwb AvZ¥‰RewbK| Avng` Qdv G Dcb¨v‡m †h Kv‡ji wPÎvqY ‡`wL‡q‡Qb †m Kv‡ji gvbweK m¤úK©mg~‡ni GKwU e¨e‡”Q` K‡i Zv Avgv‡`i gv‡S Dc¯’vcb K‡i‡Qb| G Dcb¨v‡m `yÔwU bvix Pwi·K Gb Avng` Qdv Zvui Ôw_‡mmÕ m¤úbœ K‡i‡Qb| GKRb Ô`yi`vbvÕ Ab¨Rb Ôkvgv‡ivLÕ| gyw³hy× †kl n‡q‡Q, †`k AvR ¯^vaxb| †mB ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡ki c_ Pjvi GKwU ùziYB †hb

Avng` Qdv `yi`vbv Pwi‡Îi †fZi w`‡q cÖKvk Ki‡Z †P‡q‡Qb| †m wb‡R mvB‡Kj Pvwj‡q K‡j‡R Av‡m| Avng` Qdv †hb eySv‡Z †P‡q‡Qb †h ag©xq avÜvevwR‡Z cvwK¯Ívb ivóª cÖwZwôZ n‡qwQ‡jv Zvi AmviZv cÖgv‡Yi †fZi w`‡q evsjv‡`k ¯^vaxbZv jvf K‡i| `yi`vbvI mvB‡K‡ji c¨v‡Wj Pvjbvi gva¨‡g †hb †mB RxY©-Rxeb‡K `yÔcv‡q †cwo‡q GwM‡q hvIqvi †Póv KiwQ‡jv| wKš‘ Avgiv Rvwb evsjv‡`k †mB c‡_ Pj‡Z cv‡i wb| AwP‡iB †hb evsjv‡`k †mB c_ fz‡j hvq| Avng` QdvI ZvB `yi`vbv‡K Avi Kvwnwbi weKv‡k Av‡bb wb| Dcb¨v‡m nVvr K‡iB `yi`vbvi Kvwnwb †kl K‡i †`Iqv n‡q‡Q| m`¨-¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡ki cÖZxK wn‡m‡e Dc¯’vwcZ n‡jI evsjv‡`‡ki wbqwZi g‡Zv `yi`vbvI AKv‡jB nvwi‡q †M‡Q| wØZxq cÖavb PwiÎ n‡jv Ôkvgv‡ivLÕ| kvgv‡ivLI m`¨-¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡k wd‡i Av‡m| Am¤¢e †gavex GB my›`ix igYx evsjv‡`‡ki wek¦we`¨vj‡q wb‡Ri †hvM¨Zvi ¸‡YB PvKyix †c‡jI Zv‡K bvbv weo¤^bvi m¤§yLxb n‡Z nq| ‡mB cÖwZe×KZvi †ÿ‡Î Avgv‡`i wek¦we`¨vj‡qi ga¨weË mgvR AMÖYx f~wgKv cvjb K‡i| Avgiv †`wL Jcb¨vwmK Avng` Qdv cÖLi `~i`k©xZvq G Dcb¨v‡mi Kvwnwbi weKvk NwU‡q‡Qb| †`kwU ¯^vaxb n‡q‡Q, AZx‡Zi wPšÍv-‡PZbv, wek¦vm-‡eva‡K civwRZ K‡i bZzb m~h©v‡jvK Qov‡Z †h `yi`vbv ev kvgv‡ivLiv GwM‡q G‡m‡Q G †`‡ki †fvMev`x, myweav‡fvMx Ges wecø‡ei wel‡q fxZ ga¨weË †kÖwY bvbv cÖwZe×KZvq Zv‡`i Pjvi c_ AvU‡K w`‡q‡Q| Jcb¨vwmK †`wL‡q‡Q †`kwUi †h As‡ki cÖMwZi cZv‡K GwM‡q †bqvi K_v wQ‡jv ZvivB AbMÖmi wPšÍvq Av”Qbœ wQ‡jv| †fŠ‡MvwjK civwabZv‡K wQbœ K‡i Avgiv †hb wfbœGK weg~Z© KvivMv‡i wbwÿß n‡qwQ †hLv‡b cÖMwZi PvKv G¸‡Z wM‡qI `g‡K †M‡Q| kvgv‡ivL Rxe‡bi meUzKz cÖ‡Póv w`‡q w¯’Z n‡Z †P‡q‡Q wKš‘ cv‡i wb| G †hb evsjv‡`‡kiB wbqwZi iƒcvqY| j¤úU-‡jvjyc‡`i nvZ †_‡K evuPvi Rb¨ kvgv‡ivL wb‡R‡K ˆeevwnK Rxe‡b Ave× K‡i evuP‡Z †P‡q‡Q| wKš‘ Avgiv †`wL Zvi †Kv‡bv RxebB ¯’vqx n‡Z cv‡i wb| †Kv‡bv AvkÖqB Zvi ¯’vqx nq wb| Zv‡K nq‡Zv wb‡Ri B”Qvi weiæ‡×B Ab¨ GK cyiæ‡li mw½bx n‡q †`k †Q‡o P‡j †h‡Z n‡q‡Q| ¯^vaxbZv DËi IB †h w`kvnxb Rxeb evsjv‡`‡ki Zv‡KB †hb Avng` Qdv `yi`vbv Ges kvgv‡ivL Pwi‡Îi †fZi w`‡q †`Lv‡Z †P‡q‡Qb| w`kvnxb mg‡q bvixi †h weKvk Zv weKwkZ Kivi ivóªxq ev †bZ…¯’vbxq †Kv‡bv Ae¯’v †_‡K c„ó‡cvlKZv cvq wb| d‡j ¯^ZtùzZ© cÖMwZi PP©v AKv‡jB †_‡g †M‡Q| `yi`vbv ev kvgv‡ivLiv G †`‡ki MZvbyMwZK Rxeb avivi evB‡i wM‡q †h cÖMwZi aviv m~Pbv K‡iwQ‡jv Zv cvwicvwk¦©K KvVv‡gvi cÖhZœ PP©vi Afv‡eB gyL _ye‡i co‡Z eva¨ n‡q‡Q| Dcb¨vmwU m¤ú‡K© Aa¨vcK gbmyi gymv e‡j‡Qb :

A‡a©K bvix A‡a©K Ck¦ix mgKvjxb gvbyl‡K wb‡q †jLv Dcb¨vm| Avgiv hviv mg‡qi Kzwkje Avgiv Rvwb, Dcb¨vmwUi g‡a¨ ev¯ÍeZv Av‡Q, Z‡e †m ev¯ÍeZv wkí †PZbv mg„× cwikxwjZ ev¯ÍeZv| bvgwUi g‡a¨B wkíiæwP I wkí‡eva †hgb Av‡Q †Zgwb Av‡Q HwZn¨-¯^xKiY I HwZn¨ m¤cÖmvi‡Yi mw`”Qv| mgKvjxb DËvc Avng` Qdvi me Dcb¨v‡mB Av‡Q wKš‘ mgKv‡ji mxgve×Zv AwZµg Kivi GKwU ˆkwíK mvabv Zvui g‡a¨ eivei wQj|8

evsjv‡`‡k GKwU mgqmxgvi mgvR Rxe‡b gvbweK RxebvPv‡iI Kx ai‡bi ggZ¡‡eva I mij AvšÍwiKZv cÖevngvb _vKv m‡Ë¡I gvbweK m¤úK©¸‡jv †Kgb GK A¯^vfvweK avivq †f‡½ hvq ZvI Avng` Qdv ÔA‡a©K bvix A‡a©K Ck¦ixÕ Dcb¨v‡m †`wL‡q‡Qb|cvuP. MvQcvjv-cvLxi Rxeb bq gvbe RxebB eªZ :

gvby‡li Am½Z Rxeb †_‡K Avng` Qdv cÖK…wZi iv‡R¨ wb‡Ri g‡bi wenvi NUv‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb, wKš‘ cÖK…wZi ivR¨I gvby‡li Rb¨ h_v_© bq,Ñ G evYxB wZwb Zvui cy®ú e„¶ Ges wen½ cyivY Dcb¨v‡m e¨vL¨v K‡i‡Qb| Avng` Qdv AvUwU Dcb¨v‡m wewfbœfv‡e Rxeb‡K AbymÜvb K‡i‡Qb| Pjgvb Av_©-mvgvwRK-ivR‰bwZK Rxe‡bi e¨e‡”Q‡` wZwb nq‡Zv meUzKz mdj nb wb| wKš‘ ÔAvU Dcb¨vm e„‡ËÕ Avng` Qdv cvwK¯Ívb †_‡K evsjv‡`‡k Rb¥-weKvk-weeZ©‡bi †h ¯^iƒc D‡b¥vPb Kivi c_ †`wL‡q‡Qb Zv mgMÖ evsjv‡`‡ki Dcb¨v‡mi g~j¨vq‡b Abb¨| evsjv‡`k †h Amgvß gyw³hy‡×i gva¨‡g ¯^vaxb n‡qwQ‡jv †mLv‡bB G †`kwUi cieZ©x Amg-weKvk Ges bvbv Pµv‡šÍi my‡hvM i‡qwM‡qwQ‡jv| d‡j evsjv‡`‡ki ivóª cwiPvjbv †_‡K ïiæ K‡i mgv‡Ri cÖwZwU As‡kB †hb GK ai‡bi cÖMwZnxbZvi PP©v PjwQ‡jv| ÔGKRb Avjx †Kbv‡bi DÌvb cZbÕ †_‡K ïiæ K‡i Ôgib wejvmÕ, ÔMvfx weËvšÍÕ I ÔA‡a©K bvix A‡a©K Ck¦ixÕ me¸‡jv Dcb¨v‡m Avng` Qdv †mB welqwU ¯úó Ki‡Z †Póv K‡i‡Qb| †`‡ki GiKg cÖMwZnxb PP©v Ges mgvR-Rxe‡bi gvbeZvi aŸm Ae‡jvKb K‡iB nq‡Zv Avng` Qdv cÖK…wZi MvQcvjv Ges cïcvwLi gv‡S AvkÖq †LvuRvi †Póv K‡iwQ‡jb| wKš‘ †mB cÖK…wZi cïcvwLi gv‡SI gvme Rxe‡bi g‡Zv bvbv Kjn-weev` Ges Ø›Ø †`L‡Z cvb Jcb¨vwmK| AZci Ôcy®ú e„ÿ Ges wen½ cyivYÕ Dcb¨v‡mi †kl As‡k wZwb e‡jb †h gvby‡li Rb¨ gvby‡li mgvRB eªZ nIqv DwPZ| fv‡jv-g›` Rxe‡bi †fZi w`‡q GB gvbe mgvRB gvbe-Rxe‡bi Ab¨Zg PP©v I emev‡mi hvqMv|

Ôcy®ú e„¶ Ges wen½ cyivYÕ Dcb¨v‡m †Kw›`ªq PwiÎ Avng` Qdv| G Dcb¨v‡mi GwUI GKwU ¸iæZ¡en wPšÍvi welq †h Dcb¨v‡mi Pwi‡Îi bvg wZwb wb‡Ri bv‡gB †i‡L‡Qb| Zvui Dcb¨vm¸‡jv cÖvqB AvZ¥‰RewbK wKš‘ G Dcb¨v‡mB †Kej wb‡Ri ÔAvng` QdvÕ bvgwU Pwi‡Îi bvg wn‡m‡e e¨envi K‡i‡Qb| Avng` Qdv ÔMYKÉÕ cwÎKvwU eÜ nIqvi ci †_‡K welbœ n‡q c‡owQ‡jb| IB Ae¯’v †_‡KD Dcb¨v‡mi Kvwnwbi ïiæ| IBw`bB wZwb GKwU †e¸bPviv iv¯Ívq cvb Ges wb‡Ri †nv‡÷‡ji cv‡k Zv †ivcY K‡ib| Gfv‡eB ïiæ nq Zvui cÖK…wZi Rxeb A_©vr †h gvby‡li gyw³i Rb¨ Kv‡Ri Ask wn‡m‡e ÔMYKÉÕ cwÎKvi Kv‡R wZwb RwoZ wQ‡jb Zv eÜ n‡q †M‡j wZwb cÖK…wZi Rxe‡b wb‡R‡K e¨c„Z K‡ib| Ôcy®ú e„¶ Ges wen½ cyiv‡YÕ Zvui cÖK…wZ I cvwLi Rxe‡bi cvV mgv‡ß wZwb wb‡RB †mB Rxeb †_‡K gvbe-Rxe‡b wd‡i Avmvi K_v e‡jb| Avng` Qdv mgMÖ evsjv‡`‡ki †fZi-evwni LyuwU‡q LyuwU‡q ch©‡e¶Y Ki‡Zb| G †`k m¤ú‡K© Zvui cÖPÐ Av‡¶c †hgb wQ‡jv †Zgwb gnvZ¥v-gbxlxM‡Yi g‡Zv wZwb †mLv‡b AvkvRbK Kg©‡¶ÎI †`‡L‡Qb| ZvB cÖ_g mvZwU Dcb¨vm †jLvi ci Ôcy®ú e„¶ Ges wen½ cyiv‡YÕ wb‡Ri `k©‡bi GKwU mvwe©K cwiPq Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb| gvby‡li mg¯Í mvabv †h gvbyl‡K wN‡iB †mwUB Avng` Qdv Dcb¨v‡mi Kvwnwb eq‡bi gva¨‡g eySv‡Z †P‡q‡Qb|Dcmsnvi :

Ôcy¯ú e„¶ Ges wen½ cyivYÕ cÖKvwkZ nq 1996 mv‡j, Avng` Qdv gviv hvb 2001 mv‡j| g„Zy¨i Av‡M GB Pvi eQi wZwb Zvui `k©b‡K Av‡iv cwiùzU K‡ib| G mgq mxgvq wZwb Av‡iv `yBwU eB cÖKvk K‡ib| GKwU h`¨cx Avgvi ¸iæ (1998) Ab¨wU Dcj‡ÿi †jLv (2001)| wZwb ÔMvfx weËvšÍÕ Dcb¨v‡m wek¦we`¨vj‡qi †h Aïf Rxebfvl¨ †`wL‡q‡Qb Zvui wecwiZ Rxebe„ËB †h ¯^vfvweK I gvby‡li Kvg¨ †mwU Ôh`¨cx Avgvi ¸iæÕ eB‡q cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb| GLv‡b wZwb Ávb-Zvcm RvZxq Aa¨vcK Ave`yi iv¾v‡Ki Ávb PP©v I `vk©wbK †PZbv wewbg©vY K‡i‡Qb| g„Zy¨i c~‡e© wZwb ÔDcj‡¶i †jLvÕ bv‡g Av‡iv GKwU eB msKjb K‡i‡Qb| GLv‡bI wZwb ïf gvby‡li ïf K‡g©i weeiY w`‡q‡Qb| Avng` Qdv GKmgq e¨w³ gvby‡li †bwZevPK Kg©‡K cÖKvk K‡i RvwZi Rb¨ KiYxq‡K ¯úó Ki‡Z m‡Pó wQ‡jb| Zvi ¯úó cÖKvk N‡UwQ‡jv Ôeyw×e„wËi bZzb cÖKvkÕ cÖeÜMÖ‡š’ hv cÖKvwkZ n‡qwQ‡jv m`¨ ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡k 1972 mv‡j| wKš‘ gvbyl †h ¯^fveZB BwZevPK Rxeb‡K Avwj½b K‡i Zv wZwb ÔDcj‡¶i †jLvÕ MÖ‡š’

†`wL‡q‡Qb| †bwZevPKZvq bq, Rxeb mvabv e¨c„Z _vK‡e gvby‡li BwZevPK w`K cÖKv‡ki †fZi w`‡qB, Ñ GwUB wZwb †`Lv‡Z †P‡q‡Qb|Avng` Qdvi `k©b evsjv‡`‡ki mvgwMÖK Rxebe„Ë †_‡KB m„wó n‡q‡Q| evsjv‡`‡ki Rb¥ BwZnvm †_‡K ïiæ K‡i †`kwUi AeKvVv‡gv, DcwiKvVv‡gvi Pzj‡Piv we‡kølYB Zvui †jLvi j¶¨| ZvB Zvui Dcb¨vmgMÖ‡K Ôevsjv‡`‡ki Rb¥ I weKv‡ki ivR‰bwZK-mvgvwRK e¨vKiYÕ wn‡m‡e AvL¨vwqZ Kiv P‡j| Avng` Qdvi †jLv m¤ú‡K© mi`vi Ave`ym mvËvi e‡j‡Qb :

mvwnZ¨‡K Rxe‡bi m‡½, †`‡ki gvwUi m‡½ Ges engvb mg‡qi m‡½ Mvp AvZ¥xqZvq wgwk‡q bv›`wbK †ev‡ai Av‡jv‡K `xß K‡i Zzjevi wbijm mvabvq gMœ Av‡Qb wKQz m„Rbkxj †jLK| Zvu‡`i †jLvq weivRgvb ev¯ÍeZvi cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z Avgiv Rxeb‡K D™¢vwmZ n‡q DV‡Z †`wL Ñ †m Rxeb †Kv_vI Djøv‡m gyLi, Avb‡›` D¾¡j, Avevi †Kv_vI †e`bvq weeY© wKsev e¨vwa‡Z AvµvšÍ| Rxeb †mLv‡b ¯^‡cœi gvqvwe †gvo‡K e›`x bqÑ bq ïayB †cÖgme©¯^ Abyf~wZ‡Z AvKxY© wKsev evqexq| Rxeb †mLv‡b †e‡o I‡V †`‡ki gvwU‡Z cv †i‡L, engvb mg‡qi eyK †_‡K wbtk¦vm †U‡b Ges mgv‡Ri Uvbv‡cv‡iY¸‡jv‡K Qzu‡q Qzu‡q| e¨w³ †mLv‡b wew”Qbœ wKsev weeievmx bq, cÖMvpfv‡e mgq I mgvR-msjMœ| ZvB Rxe‡bi we¯Í…Z cwimiwU Avgiv Lyu‡R cvB †mLv‡b; cvB cÖvY f‡i wbtk¦vm †bevi g‡Zv GK Db¥y³ cªvšÍi| Avi GB cvIqvi Avb›`‡K Avgv‡`i mvwn‡Z¨ hviv †hvMvb w`‡”Qb wbLv` wbôvqÑ Avng` Qdv Zvu‡`i Ab¨Zg|9

gvby‡li Rxeb‡K ivóªxq I mgvR mxgvq †d‡j Avng` Qdv Zvui Dcb¨vmmg~‡n evsjv‡`‡ki gvby‡li Rxe‡bi ¯^iƒc‡KB D‡b¥vPb K‡i‡Qb| Avng` Qdvi Abb¨-¸Y n‡jv wZwb †mLv‡bB †_‡g hvb wb| Kx Ki‡Z n‡e ZviI GKwU Cw½Z wZwb Ôcy®ú e„¶ Ges wen½ cyivYÕ Dcb¨v‡m w`‡q‡Qb| gvbyl‡K gvby‡li gv‡S †_‡KB gvbe-Rxe‡bi fv‡jv-g›` wePvi K‡i †mLvb †_‡K DËi‡Yi Dcvq †ei Kivi wm×všÍ w`‡q‡Qb|

Z_¨ m~Î :

1| gnxeyj AvwRR, Avng` Qdv: Zvui mvwnwZ¨K AbymwÜrmv, Avng` Qdv ¯§viK MÖš’, m¤úv`bv: †gvi‡k` kwdDj nvmvb I †mvnive nvmvb, gvIjv eªv`vm©, XvKv, 2003, c„. 3302| mi`vi Ave`ym mvËvi, K_v mvwn‡Z¨i mgx¶Y, eB cÖKvkbx, XvKv, 1997, c„. 1253| H, c„. 1274| mwjgyjøvn Lvb, Avng` Qdv mÄxebx, AvMvgx cÖKvkbx I Gkxq wkí I ms¯‹…wZ mfv, XvKv, 2010, c„. 185-1865| mi`vi Ave`ym mvËvi, cÖv¸³, c„. 1306| kvIqvj Lvb, Kv‡ji KjKvKwj GKwU giYwejvm : Avng` Qdvi Avwe®‹vi, Avng` Qdv ¯§viK MÖš’, m¤úv`K, †gvi‡k` mwdDj nvmvb I †mvnive nvmvb, gvIjv eªv`vm©, XvKv, 2003, c„. 345 7| gnxeyj AvwRR, cÖv¸³, c„. 333 Ñ 3348| gbmyi gymv, Avng` Qdv : wgÎ I wkíx, Avng` Qdv ¯§viK MÖš’, cÖv¸³, c„. 55-569| mi`vi Ave`ym mvËvi, cÖv¸³, c„. 123 Ñ 124