ElephantidaeElephasLoxodonta 3,( ) Elephantidae 2,000 [1] Elephantidae Pachydermata 22 120 50 70 82 .. 1956 11,000 2.96 [7] ""[] 7.6 :,

Loxodonta 37 (Loxodonta africana africana) (Loxodonta africana cyclotis) [18][19] " " .. 2010 Loxodonta africana 2.2 2.7 2,700 9,000 3

(Loxodonta cyclotis) 3,500 2.5 .. 1979 - 1.3 1980Loxodonta " .. 2550"(IUCN) 470,000 690,000 [27] IUCN 1990 4.5% 8,000 20,000 .. 1995:

(Elephas maximus) 60,000 41,410 52,345 14,500 15,300 1,000 Elephas maximus Elephas maximus maximus() 3,000-4,500 [32] 4,400 2.4 Elephas maximus indicus() 36,000 [32] 2,000-5,000 11 Elephas maximus sumatranus() 2,100 3,000 [32] 2-2.2 2,000-4,000 Elephas maximus borneensis() .. 2003 1,500 250 14 - [36]

17 [39] 3 90 [39] 3.27 102.7 [40] 0.5 1 [40] Gomphotherium Deinotherium 28 12 3 12 3 [42] [43] 13 15 28 40 () 60

(pachyderms) 2.5-3 [45] [

3 4 4 5 "" "" "" 8 40 18 6 40 6 60 37 (matriarch)

() 20-30 "" 46%

(1) -(1a) - (2) - 5 "" []

(trumpet call) () 15-35 117 10 [65] [66] Silent Thunder () 16 40% 140-270 "" 1970 1980 300 .. 2000 2004 239 .. 2001 2006 "" 140 () () 20 5 10 400,000 500,000 [74] .. 1990 1.3 600,000 300,000 .. 1970 10,000 2,889 .. 1951 348 .. 2006 150 100 [83] [84] 25 .. 2008 (culling) .. 1994 [85] [] 500 1,200 .. 2010 (59 )

9 15 [89] " "[90] 27 3 .. 1992[91] [] (exotic)[92] "" (.. 1942) [] .. 1978 "" 12 https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/