ГРИГОРЯН ЗИНАИДА УЧЕНИЦА 7 «А»КЛАССА. Г.РЕУТОВ

02.01.2012 Г.

HelsinkiWelcome to Helsinki Helsinki was founded by the King of Sweden Gustav Vaasa in 1550, at the mouth of the River Vantaa. In the history of the city were and fire, which destroyed the major part of the city, and the plague, leaving the surviving only about 300 people. In 1812, the Decree of the Emperor Alexander I, the city became the capital of the Grand Duchy and with 1917 Helsinki is the capital of an independent Finland.In today's city of architecture West is perfectly combined with the atmosphere of the Russian Empire, which particularly feel on the streets of the old centre. The true masterpieces of architecture are the empire building at the Senate square: Cathedral Cathedral, University, the State Council. Russian money and talent of the German architect Carl Ludvig Engel asked the architectural image of Helsinki, which was designed as a whole and was built as a work of art. Sea, omyvaûŝee Helsinki, gives the city a special charm. Those who love the sea and nature, can take a fascinating journey to the Islands rest: Suomenlinna sea fortress in the old Sveaborg, one of the brightest attractions in Finland; Seurasaari-National Park and Museum in the open air; Korkeasaari – at the Zoo.

Helsinki Helsinki Helsinki (Helsinki-fin.; Helsingfors -Swede). -one of the most major cities in Finland, at the

same time the capital of the country, as well as the administrative center of the province of Uusima. The city is located in the southern part of the country on the coastline of the Gulf of Finland of the Baltic Sea. As of March 31, 2009, the population is 578126 persons, of which 10% are foreign nationals.

Towns of the capital: Kauniainen Vantaa, Espoo and Helsinki by a capital region. Its population has more than one million people. The number of people of greater Helsinki (territory comprises 12 communes) more than 1, 300, 000000.

Helsinki is the Centre of business, culture and science education in Finland. For example, in the city there are 6 of technological parks and 8 universities. Almost all foreign companies operating in Finland (70%), have their offices in the capital region as in any well-developed capital Helsinki increased immigration of rural inhabitants, which makes the city one of the fastest growing municipalities in Europe.

The most important international aviation site of Finland is Helsinki-Vantaa Airport. It is located 20 km from the Centre of Helsinki and has direct flights around the world. Time-flight Helsinki-PVO, Tallinn took 18 minutes by helicopter, while on the sea, this path is 1.5 hours. In such large cities as Tampere and Turku, the road would cost about 1.5-2 hours by train and 1.5 hour car -2.5.

Helsinki is Finland's cultural center. There are a large number of museums, galleries, monuments and architecture, cultural centres, entertainment attractions, shopping centres. Among the most famous places, you can select the Alexander Theatre, Ateneum Art Museum, cultural centre of Kor′âamo, Sinebrûhova Art Museum, Seurasaari, Kaivopuisto, Helsinki University Botanical Garden, the Centre of Kamppi and Kaisaniemi Metro station Ploshchad Narinkkatori, Glass Palace, amusement park Linnanmäki, Maritime Museum, Eureka Center, Zoo Korkeasaari, Dormition Cathedral, Museum of Contemporary Art Kiasma and many others.

The Cathedral and the Senate square in Helsinki The bright and outstanding landmark is the Senate square.

On its territory there are powerful symbols of politics, science and religion. Among them are the buildings of the Senate, the Lutheran Cathedral, Helsinki University.

Lutheran Cathedral, built for Ludwig Engel-German project architect. The Cathedral was built over 22 years, beginning in 1839, and ending with the year, 1952. The building was completed by pupils Engel already after his death. Led project Ernst Lormann. He completed the design of small towers, drains constructed around a central dome, and built two additional side Pavilion for church bells. Another change of architecture under the guidance of Loranna became Engel central staircase. Prior to this, there are over 20 years ' imprisonment, the Colonnade.

Initially, the Lutheran Cathedral was called "Nicholas". First, in honor of the patron saint of seafarers-St. Nicholas, and secondly, as a sign of respect to Emperor Nicholas II. By the way, the Emperor, has been a renewed interest in the construction of the Cathedral. For example, at its request, on the roof of the Cathedral was the work of four German sculptors can evolve the shape 12 Apostles, Jr. tornau Foundry of zinc. Also on the order of Tsar Nicholas II was built by the great stairs of temple square.

The Cathedral is the dominant of the architectural ensemble of the Senate square. White roses temple building with a large pediment and Corinthian orders executed in the Empire style. The building is crowned by a large central dome, and the bašenkah at the corners of the roof are four smaller domes.

As paintings for the altar of the Church, the Emperor gave the Russian-German artist Since von Neff. Interior of the Church, as is usual in Lutheran churches, humble and ascetic reminding about hard. Inside the Cathedral are the statues of the major figures of Lutheranism-Martin Luther-the founder of the Lutheran religion, Philip Melanchthon-scientist-humanist and scholar of Lutheranism and Michael Agricola, the founder of Finnish literature. Lutheran Cathedral has long been a symbol of Helsinki.

AttractionsHelsinki – the perfect city for tourists, since the vast majority of tourist facilities is located in the Center, two steps away from each other. Developed public transport in Helsinki, which can be attributed to the better in Europe, will your Savior at the moment when you feel tired or want to see in the distance from the Center.Helsinki offers to make fascinating travel through the ages. Architecture of the city are typical northern minimalism and finesse. Through modernism, functionalism and the very holistic in Northern Europe, the ensemble of buildings in the style of Art Nouveau (Jugend or Northern Art Nouveau) Helsinki is a city with interesting architecture.The town centre and in particular places Senate square are a unique hypothesized wholeness. The Byzantine-Russian architectural tradition reflects designed by the architect Gornostaevym Uspensky Cathedral, the largest Orthodox Church in Western Europe. More recent architectural directions presented to the Museum of Contemporary Art Kiasma (Kiasma) and « Sanomatalo (Sanomatalo ) in the Centre of the city, as well as High-Tech Centre in the District of Ruoholahti Metro station.

Attractions

Monument To Alexander IIAlexander II enjoyed a well-deserved respect in Finland by giving his Finnish subjects its own currency and postage stamp and the Finnish language the status of the State. Monument to Alexander II in front of the Cathedral is the main dominant Tuomiokirkko Helsinki Senate square (Senaatintori) in the heart of the Finnish capital.

Walter Runeberg monument sculptors and Johannes Takanena was opened in 1894. Under the feet of the emperor were allegorical, embodying the law Work, peace and Education. Monument height with pedestal 10.67 m, the height of the sculpture of Alexander II 3.23 metres. Interestingly, the Emperor Alexander I, prisoedinivšij Finland to Russia, received only a bust in the garden of the Finnish national library.

Kaivopuisto

Vacation Kajvopujsto is the oldest and most famous Park in Helsinki. In Kajvopujsto are many embassies, including Russia and the United States. The proximity of the sea, cliffs and extensive lawns offer opportunity for a wide variety of pastime. At the highest place is Kajvopujsto Ursa Observatory. On the coast and nearby islands you'll find a café and summer restaurants. In the area are trams 3B and 3T, take bus 14 from the Kamppi Metro station (M) (Fredrikinkatu Street

Kaivopuisto

Sibelius Monument Sibelius is a well-known Finnish

composer and key figure in the whole European music, enjoyed enormous popularity during his life, and this monument is a famous landmark of Helsinki. Sibelius was the author of the unofficial national anthem of Finland, banned during the reign of Nicholas II. Finns proudly kept the memory of his famous my, perpetuating his memory in street names, Memorial plaques and monuments. The most famous and visited by tourists Sibelius monument was opened through 10 years after his death in 1967. Eyal Hiltunen worked over by a few years. As a result of light saw ensemble ...

Sibelius Monument

A competition to design a monument to the composer Sibelius society povodilsâ Sibelius (founded in 1957) in two stages. The competition was won by Eyal Niltunen "pasio Muzikae". The contest generated huge public interest: the abstract and figurativistammibyl resolved disputes when compositing Hiltunen has been added to the bust of Sibelius. This monument is unique for its spatial solution that enables visitors to go inside, where the dostigšaûtsâ different sound effects. When viewed from afar, the monument is in harmony with derevlâmi boulders. The monument is a visual expression of nature Sibelius. monument to Sibelius is one of the most visited sights of Helsinki

statues of turtles

The Church in the rock

The Church in the rock An interesting place to visit is an

unusual Church, carved in the rock. It is located in the Centre of one of urban areas-Töölö. The rock cut Temple enclosure, and unusual dome of bronze and glass is based on rocky walls. The dome is laid inside the spiral copper plates, and this creates a sense of the vast space and height, while the distance to the top point of relatively small-around 12 meters.

This church was built in 1969, Timo and Tuomo Suomalajneny.

The Church in the rock has excellent acoustics, and therefore there are concerts of violin and organ music.

Goodbye , Finland!!!