AKA acid reflux Chronic digestive disease that occurs due to
repeated backflow of stomach acid to the esophagus Causes
irritation of esophagus
Slide 6
Heartburn most common Regurgitation of food or sour liquid
Coughing Chest pain Difficulty swallowing Nausea
Slide 7
Lifestyle changes Dietary changes: avoids certain foods(fatty
foods, alcohol, acid-containing foods) Stop Smoking Chewing gum
Light exercise after meal Elevate upper body in bed OTC medication
Antacids tums, pepto, milk of magnesia Histamine antagonists Proton
Pump Inhibitor (PPI) Surgery 80% success rate Risks
Slide 8
Stretta Procedure Type of endoscopic surgery; AKA Minimally
Invasive Surgery(MIS) Uses radiofrequency waves to strengthen the
lower esophageal sphincter Quick procedure and quick recovery
time.
Slide 9
The inability or insufficient ability to digest lactose Caused
by a deficiency of the enzyme lactase Lactase breaks down lactose
into glucose and galactose for absorption by the small intestine
Three causes: 1) Congenital absence of lactase from birth due to a
mutation; very rare 2) Secondary diseases that destroy lactase in
the small intestine 3) Primary(Developmental) natural decrease in
lactase after childhood; most common can vary among different
ethnic groups almost 100% of Asians 80% of American Indians 70% of
Blacks 20% of Caucasians
Slide 10
Abdominal pain Abdominal bloating Gas Diarrhea Nausea
Flatulence (passing gas) Varies in severity among different
people
Slide 11
Dietary changes Reduce intake of lactose Milk substitutes such
as soy and rice milk Ingest milk-containing foods during meals.
Supplements of lactase enzyme Adaptation Slowly increasing intake
of lactose
Slide 12
There is no cure for lactose intolerance
Slide 13
Ulcers * Ulcers are sores/wounds located on your digestive
track. * Affect about 4 millions Americans a year. * Esophagus,
stomach, duodenum. * duodenal ulcers/peptic ulcer- Ulcers located
at duodenum (Commonly found here) * gastric ulcers- Ulcers located
in stomach. * esophageal ulcers- Ulcers located in esophagus. *Not
often too serious, just stomach pain. Sometimes symptoms may not
even show. *Serious ulcers often start to bleed. - Perforation:
When ulcers start get bigger and break through stomach area. -
Obstruction: Stops food from going into stomach when results to
vomiting, nauseousness, and weight-loss.
Slide 14
Causes of Ulcers: * Before, doctors mistaken it was due to
stress or consuming food with too much acid. Digestive tract can be
damaged if theres a large amount of acid in the body or digestive
tract is already impaired to begin with. * Stress can contribute to
worsening an ulcer but does not produce one. *It may be what you
eat that produces ulcers, but it depends on different people.
*Drinks/food with caffeine or are decaffeinated are most likely to
worsen the pain. *After research, ulcers have been proven to be
caused by an infection & by anti-inflammatory medicines.
*Caused by infection - Helicobacter pylori/H. Pylori *Caused by
anti-inflammatory medicines - Long usage may cause ulcers to
produce. - Examples: Aspirin, Ibuprofen (one brand name: Motrin),
Naproxen (brand name: Aleve), Ketoprofen (brand names: Actron,
Orudis KT) and some prescription drugs for Arthritis.
Slide 15
Esophageal Ulcers Peptic Ulcers Gastric Ulcers
Slide 16
Symptoms: - After you consume food/drink you start to feel
worse about an hour or 2 later - After you consume food/drink you
feel worse - Waking up feeling pain in the stomach - Getting full
quick - Heavy feeling - Bloating - Stomach feels like it's burning
- Vomiting *Vomit food from days before(severe ulcer) - Losing
weight
Slide 17
Treatment/Medicine: * Eliminating the H. pylori bacteria(triple
therapy) - Triple therapy: eliminating H. pylori bacteria with
collaboration of two antibiotics bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-
Bismol).Triple therapy lessens acid stomach produces. - Other
combinations *H2 blockers & proton pump inhibitors - Lessens
acid that your stomach produces. You should feel better within 3
days. *Antacids - acid in stomach gets neutralized. *Sucralfate -
covers the ulcer in order to shield it from the acid so it
eventuall heals. *Misoprostol - lower down amount of acid in body
& shields lining of stomach commonly used by those who need to
take anti-inflammatory drugs. * Ulcers go away within 2-3 weeks. If
symptoms come back, it is recommended to change in to a another
type of medicine or take low dosage regardless if there are no
ulcers just to keep it from reappearing.
Slide 18
Tips: * Refrain from alcohol & smoking. ( damages digestive
tract) * Don't use anti-inflammatory drugs like aspirin &
ibuprofen. * Obtain caffeine little as possible. * Don't consume
spicy food that causes head burn.
Slide 19
Appendicitis: - inflammation of appendix. - appendix: small
pouch connected to large intenstine. * It is possible to live
without an appendix. - most common causes of emergency abdominal
surgery in U.S. - Causes: * Blockage by stool, a foreign object, or
sometimes a tumor(cancer).
Slide 20
Symptoms: It varies. However, its harder to cure when it comes
to children, the elderly, and older women who are trying to have
kids. First symptom is usually around the belly button that becomes
more severe if not treated. When pain gets more severe it migrates
to right lower abdomen and above the appendix (McBurney's point).
Could get peritonitis(inflammation of abdominal cavity) Other
symptoms that occur later: Fever, Nausea, Vomiting, Loss of
Appetite, Diarrea, Constipation, Chills, Shaking
Slide 21
Tests: Doctors test to see if you have Appendicitis by putting
pressure to where your belly button is located. Usually they can
tell by symptoms you indiciate. Abdominal CT scan: x-ray images of
the abdomen. Abdominal ultrasound: Diagnostic laparoscopy (surgery
to look directly) Before they also used a drug called NeutroSpec,
but it was eliminated due to severe side effects.
Slide 22
Treatment: Appendectomy (removing appendix) Removing appendix
even if its okay to look into your abdomen for other explanations
of pain Get treated for infection from having abscess (dead
neutrophils) after rupture of appendix and then getting your
appendix removed. * rupture causes patient to heal slowly
Slide 23
Slide 24
Chronic problem with the large intestine Food moves through
intestines too quickly or too slowly Causes discomfort and
emotional distress Does not damage large intestine
Slide 25
Bloating and Gas Mucus in the stool Constipation Diarrhea after
eating or first thing in the morning Alternating between
Constipation and Diarrhea Feeling like you need to have bowel
movement after just having one Feeling strong urges to have bowel
movement Abdominal pain and cramping that goes away after bowel
movement
Slide 26
IBS is can only be diagnosed by a doctor Your doctor will ask
you questions regarding common IBS symptoms and if the pattern of
symptoms appear in a pattern, it is most likely IBS If the symptoms
have only recently begun, the causes for the symptoms may be from
something else There is no cure for IBS You can manage your
symptoms by eating a healthy diet and avoiding foods that make you
feel worse Find ways to handle your stress
Slide 27
Fiber Watch your diet Manage your stress
Slide 28
Fiber Sol uble fiber helps both diarrhea and constipation. It
dissolves in water and forms a gel-like material. Many foods, such
as apples, beans and citrus fruits, contain soluble fiber.
Psyllium, a natural vegetable fiber, is a also a soluble fiber. You
can buy psyllium supplements (some brand names: Fiberall,
Metamucil, Perdiem) to drink and you can add it to other foods.
Insoluble fiber helps constipation by moving material through your
digestive system and adding bulk to your stool. Insoluble fiber is
in whole grain breads, wheat bran and many vegetables.
Slide 29
Foods do not cause IBS, but certain foods may cause symptoms to
appear and make you feel worse. Keep track of foods that bother
you, common foods are: Drinks with caffeine, such as coffee, tea or
soda Milk products Alcohol Chocolate Wheat, rye or barley
Slide 30
Stress can trigger symptoms of IBS Ask your doctor about
handling stress Relaxation training or even expressive writing Talk
to a counselor on problems that are bothering you
Slide 31
In severe cases of IBS, the doctor may prescribe medication to
lessen the symptoms Different problems require different
medications Diarrhea: Loperamide Cramping: Antispasmodic
medicines
Slide 32
IBS does not get worse over time IBS will never go away It will
recur later even if you think it has gone away It does not cause
cancer, require surgery, or shorten your life
Slide 33
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