RUSSIAN REVOLUTION

LONG-TERM CAUSES OFTHE REVOLUTION

Czarist Rule

Diversity &Nationalism

Problems with Urban Workers

Peasant Unrest

CZARIST RULE-ALEXANDER III AND HIS SON, NICHOLAS II SOUGHT INDUSTRIALIZATION

-RUSSIAN LIBERALS DESIRED A CONSTITUTION AND REFORM

-CZARS SUPPRESSED REFORM THROUGH HARSH TACTICS

PEASANT UNREST-Landowning nobles, priests, and a Czar dominated society

-Middle class and peasants lived a hard life with little chance of moving up in society

-Industrialization angered peasants

-Worked for long hours with low wages

-Workers lived in slums that gave rise to poverty and disease

-Socialists ideas spread

PROBLEMS WITH URBAN WORKERS

-Russification: Czars attempt to make all the different cultures in their empire to think, act, and believe as Russians.-Minorities didn’t want culture destroyed.

DIVERSITY AND NATIONALISM

BLOODY SUNDAY

-SUNDAY, JANUARY 22, 1905 A MARCH OCCURRED IN ST. PETERSBURG-MARCHERS HOPED FOR REFORM FROM CZAR-CZAR NICHOLAS II FEARERING UPRISING, CALLED IN SOLDIERS-MANY MARCHERS SHOT AND KILLED-ALSO KNOWN AS THE REVOLUTION OF 1905

Results

-DESTROYED FAITH AND TRUST IN CZAR

-STRIKES AND REVOLTS EXPLODED ACROSS RUSSIA

-NICHOLAS REFORMED BY GRANTING MORE RIGHTS

-DUMA FORMED

END OF CZARIST RULE

Russia in WWI

Failure ofProvisional

Government

MarchRevolution

RUSSIA IN WWI

-Russia lacked adequate weapons and supplies resulting in battlefield defeats.

-Food was scarce

-Soldiers lost confidence and began deserting.

MarchRevolution

-March 1917 shortage of food fuel and housing sparked revolt-St. Petersburg demanded bread.-Czar soldiers refused to fire.-Czar Nicholas II gave up throne

Failure ofProvisional

Government-After removal of the Czar, Duma set up temporary government-Middle-Class liberal in the government promised to write a constitution and promised democratic reforms-They continued the war again Germany, unpopular decision-New government implemented only moderate reforms and did little to end unrest among peasants and workers.

Lenin and the Bolsheviks

-Vladimir Lenin headed a revolutionary socialist party, the Bolsheviks-Lenin gained support by making promises of “Peace, Land, and Bread”-November 1917 Bolsheviks led soldiers, sailors, and factory workers in uprising-Bolsheviks now called Communists, gave land to peasants and gave workers control-In March 1918 Lenin signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk withdrawing them from WWI but gave up large amounts of territory to Germany

RUSSIA’S CIVIL WAR

Reds Whites-Lenin and Communists-Employed secret police to root out their enemies.-Executed thousands opposing revolution as well as Czar Nicholas II -Defeated Whites by 1921

-Forces loyal to Czar-Slaughtered communists and attempted to assassinate Lenin-Britain, France, and United States sent them troops to help fight.

Joseph Stalin-Emerged after Lenin died in 1924

-Ruled through terror and brutality

-Great Purge: Stalin accused thousands of people of crimes again government. Those accused were executed, exiled, or sent to prison camps

--Totalitarian State: One-Party dictatorship that attempts to regulate every aspect of the lives of citizens

RUSSIFICATION-Promoted Russian history, language, and culture, sometimes forbidding the cultural practices of natives.

-Appointed Russians to key posts in the government and secret police

-He redrew the boundaries of many republics to ensure that non-Russians would not gain majority.