1

Tbilisis

vano

sarajiSvilis

saxelobis

saxelmwifo

konservatoriis

tradiciuli

mravalxmianobis

kvlevis

saerTaSoriso

centris

biuleteni

Tbilisi. dekemberi, 2013

#15

tradiciuli mravalxmianobis kvlevis saerTaSoriso centri 10 wlisaa siaxleebi saqarTvelos eTnomusikaluri cxovreba ucxoeli eTnomusikologebi diter qristenseni Telavis festivali ucxouri mravalxmianoba

masais tomis tradiciuli mravalxmianoba

erTi qarTuli folkloruli ansambli `saTanao~ eqspediciis dRiuri eqspedicia pankisis xeobaSi ucxouri folkloruli ansambli sutartinesis Semsrulebeli jgufi `tris keturioze~ litvidan qarTuli simReris moamageebi ivane margiani qarTuli kulturisa da mecnierebis kerebi saqarTvelos Teatris, kinos, musikisa da qo-reografiis muzeumi qarTuli simReris ucxoeli Semsruleblebi trio `jamaTa~ safrangeTidan

baTumis xalxuri da sasuliero musikis VIII saerTaSoriso festivali Zveli presis furclebze kukuri WoxoneliZe `Rvino da qarTuli sufrulebi~ erTi Janris Sesaxeb sufruli simRerebi qarTuli xalxuri sakravebi winwila erTi simReris istoria `Zabrale~

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tradiciuli mravalxmianobis kvlevis saerTaSoriso centri

10 wlisaa!

2013 wels Tbilisis saxelmwifo konservatoriis tradiciuli mravalxmi-anobis kvlevis saerTaSoriso centrs 10 weli Seusrulda.

misi daarseba 2002 wels gadawyda, tradiciuli mravalxmianobis I saerTa-Soriso simpoziumze, qarTveli da ucxo-eli mecnierebis, maT Soris, msoflioSi aRiarebuli eTnomusikologebis – izali zemcovskis (aSS/ruseTi), diter qristen-senis (aSS), simha aromis (safrangeTi), franc foedermairis (avstria), ioseb Jordanias (saqarTvelo/avstralia) da sxvaTa iniciativiTa da iuneskos Tanad-gomiT, romlis aramaterialuri kultu-ruli memkvidreobis seqciis direqtori q-ni noriko aikava simpoziums stumro-bda. iuneskos interesi ki mis mier 2001 wels qarTuli polifoniis kacobriobis zepiri da aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreobis Sedevrad aRiarebis gamo-Zaxili gaxldaT. kargad maxsovs, q-ni aikavas daufaravi gaoceba da aRtaceba, rodesac man simpoziumis koncertebze konservatoriis did darbazSi qarTul xalxur simReraze adgilobrivi audito-riis reaqcia ixila. missive sityvebiT, man dainaxa, rom qarTuli mravalxmiano-ba _ cocxali tradiciaa da ara mxo-lod scenaze SemorCenili kulturuli rudimenti, rom mas qarTuli sazoga-doeba aRiqvams, rogorc winaprebisgan miRebul memkvidreobasa da misi iden-tobis saTaves da, amitom, igi did mxar-daWeras imsaxurebs.

swored aman gaxada SesaZlebeli 2003-2006 wlebSi saqarTveloSi iunesko-

sa da Japanese Funds-in Trust-is erToblivi msxvilbiujetiani proeqtis `qarTuli polifoniis dacva da ganviTareba~ gan-xorcieleba. am proeqtiT gaTvaliswi-nebul praqtikul samuSaos – sami wlis ganmavlobaSi lotbarTa skolebis fun-qcionirebas regionebSi b-n anzor erqo-maiSvilis qarTuli xalxuri simReris saerTaSoriso centri axorcielebda, xolo proeqtis biujetis meore nawili Cveni kvleviTi centris teqnikur aR-Wurvas, savele eqspediciebs, gamocemebs,

veb-gverdisa da kompiuteruli monacemTa bazis Seqmnas iTvaliswinebda. aqedan daiwyo centris nayofieri urTierToba iuneskosTan, rasac Semdeg mohyva Cemi, rogorc aramatrialuri kulturuli memkvidreobis eqspertis TanamSromloba am saerTaSoriso organizaciasTan.

centris TanamSromlebi 10 wlis manZilze Tbilisis saxe-

lmwifo konservatoriis tradiciuli mravalxmianobis kvlevis saerTaSoriso centrma didi samuSao gaswia – Caatara xuTi (II-VI) saerTaSoriso simpoziumi (amJamad meSvidesTvis vemzadebiT, rome-lic 2014 wlis 22-26 seqtembers Sedgeba), miiRo 80-ze meti mecnieri msoflios 20-ze meti qveynidan. simpoziumebis koncer-tebSi monawileoba miiRo xalxuri sim-Reris 800-ze metma qarTvelma da uc-xoelma Semsrulebelma, gamosulia da Cvens veb-gverdze ganTavsebulia yvela wina simpoziumis moxsenebebis krebuli (meeqvses _ momaval simpoziumze miiReben meSvide simpoziumis monawileebi), gamo-sulia centris 14 biuleteni, ganxorci-lebuli ara erTi proeqti, maT Soris, venis fonogramarqivTan erTad, saqarTve-loSi arsebuli fonografis cvilis li-lvakebis Canawerebis 16 diskis (2006-2008) gamocema; gamosacemad moamzada qarTve-li da ucxoeli eTnomusikolebis ese-ebis krebuli Echoes from Georgia: 17 Argume-

nts on Georgian Polyphony, romelic 2010 wels dastamba niu-iorkis gamomcemloba Nova

Science Publisher–ma; amJamad berlinis fono-gramarqivTan erTad mzaddeba I msoflio omis qarTveli tyveebisagan 1916-1917 wle-bSi banakebSi Cawerili simRerebis gamo-cema da sxv.

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centrs bevri sxva ramec aqvs gake-Tebuli, magram, Cemi azriT, misi yvelaze mniSvnelovani monapovari isaa, rom Cve-nma simpoziumebma qarTveli eTnomusiko-logebi msoflio eTnomusikologiuri procesebis uSualo monawileebad aqcia, radgan es forumi ukve gaxda erT-erTi prestiJuli tribuna, saidanac qarTveli da ucxoeli eTnomusikologebi warmo-aCenen msoflio mravalxmianobis prob-lemebs da, am konteqstSi, qarTuli mra-valxmianobis gansakuTrebul adgils. Tu XX saukunis 70-iani wlebidan qarTuli mravalxmiani simRera TandaTan ipyrobda Cvens planetas, rom araferi vTqvaT `Cakrulos~ gagzavnaze galaqti-kaSi dedamiwis civilizaciis sxva unika-lur nimuSebTan erTad, codna mis Sesa-xeb am popularobis ukuproporciuli iyo – ukanasknel dromde saqarTvelos farglebs gareT mxolod mravalxmi-anobis Semswavlel ramdenime mecniers hqonda masze warmodgena. Cveni centris mier organizebuli simpoziumebis wya-lobiT, msoflio eTnomusikologiaSi ukve sabolood damkvidrda azri qarTu-li mravalxmianobis adgilobrivi warmo-Sobis, misi stiluri da formebis mra-valferovnebis Sesaxeb. ucxoeli mecni-erebi ukve uyoymanod aRiareben, rom sa-qarTvelo aris msoflios unikaluri qveyana, romlis patara teritoriaze vxvdebiT cocxal gamovlenas mravalxmi-anobis yvela tipisa, rac ki bunebaSi arsebobs, ris gamoc mas gansakuTrebuli adgils miakuTvneben Tanamedrove msof-lioSi.

garda amisa, centri cdilobs saq-arTvelos daubrunos is adgili, rome-lic mas yovelTvis eWira, rogorc kavka-siuri musikaluri kulturebis Seswav-lis flagmans. swored amitom 2010 wli-dan simpoziumSi am Temas specialuri sesiac mivuZRveniT, xolo 2013 wlis ag-vistoSi centris TanamSromlebma panki-sis xeobis eqspediciaSi adgilobrivi qistebisagan sruliad unikaluri eTnog-rafiul-musikaluri audio da video ma-sala moipoves, rac saTaves daudebs Cvens centrSi qarTul-kavkasiuri musika-luri kulturebis SedarebiT kvlevas.

erTi sityviT, gegmebi Zalian bev-ri gvaqvs, mTavaria maT gansaxorciele-blad adamianuri resursebi gveyos. Cvens patara gunds sjera, rom did da sasar-geblo saqmes akeTebs. amitom me madlie-

rebiT movixsenebdi yvelas, visi mxar-daWeris gareSe am saqmes ver gavakeTeb-diT _ saqarTvelos kulturisa da Zeg-lTa dacvis saministros, Tbilisis sa-xelmwifo konservatoriis administraci-as da, ra Tqma unda, Cems amJamindel da yofil Tanagundelebs – maia kaWkaWi-Svils, maka xarZians, qeTevan baiaSvils, nino razmaZes da axalgazrda special-ists Teo lomsaZes, romelic sul axla-xan SemogvierTda; agreTve Tamaz gabiso-nias, romelmac es aTi weli CvenTan er-Tad gaatara da axla ukve ilias univer-sitetSi gangrZobs moRvaweobas.

aseve Cvengan didi madloba ekuT-vnis msoflioSi aRiarebul qarTvel eT-nomusikologs, amJamad avstraliaSi moR-vawe baton soso Jordanias _ igi Cveni centris sazRvargareTuli biuros xel-mZRvanelia, komunikaciis Tanamedrove sa-Sualebebis wyalobiT aqtiuradaa CarTu-li centris yoveldRiur saqmianobaSi – amis saSualebas _ da gadamwyvet rols TamaSobs misi saerTaSoriso kavSirebis gafarToebaSi.

magram gansakuTrebuli madloba

Cvens ucxoel megobrebs, maT, vinc cent-

ris saTaveebTan idga, vinc Cveni simpozi-

umebis sesiebsa Tu sakoncerto progra-

mebSi mravaljeradi monawileobiT gvi-

dastureben TavianT Tanadgomas, imaTac,

vinc qarTuli mravalxmianobis gacnobis

Semdeg igi Tavisi kvlevis sagnad aqcies

an vinc erTxel mainc gvestumra da Tan

waiRo keTili mogoneba Cveni qveynisa da

misi musikaluri kulturis Sesaxeb.

da bolos, madloba unda vuTxraT im adamianebs, romlebic eswrebian samec-niero sesiebsa da simpoziumebis dReebSi mravalxmianobis koncertebze konservat- oriis did da mcire darbazebs avseben....

rusudan wurwumia

tmksc-is direqtori

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tradiciu-li mraval-

xmianobis kvlevis sa-erTaSori-

so centrs vulocav

daarsebis aTi wlis-Tavs! minda es milocva aseve gavav-

rcelo qaTvel eTnomusikologebsa da musikim-codneebze, Tbilisis saxelmwifo konse-rvatoriaze da mTels saqarTvelozec, radgan nadvilad saamayoa saqarTveloSi arsebobdes msoflio rangis wamyvani kv-leviTi centri.

am centris daarsebis yvelaze didi faqtori iyo is saocari fenomeni, rasac qarTuli mravalxmiani simRera warmoad-gens. Cveni uRrmesi madloba ekuTvniT im didebul adamianebs, Cvens winaprebs, ro-mlebmac Seqmnes da Cvenamde moitanes es saocari saganZuri.

minda aseve uRrmesi madlierebiT gavixseno isini, vinc Tavidanve dauWira mxari da didi Rvawli Seitana imaSi, rom saqarTveloSi momzadebuliyo aseTi centris Seqmnis safuZveli: aleqsandre SaverzaSvili, romelic aqtiurad uWer-da mxars TbilisSi mravalxmianobis pir-veli sakavSiro konferenciis Catarebas, gia yanCeli, romlis daxmarebamac misca borjomis konferenciebs saerTaSoriso elferi, ediSer garayaniZe, romelic Ta-vidanve wamyvani Zala iyo konferenci-ebze aJRerebuli qarTuli simReris kon-certebisa, manana doijaSvili, romlis mxardaWera gadamwyveti iyo TviT cen-tris SeqmnaSi 2003 wels. gansakuTrebiT minda aRvniSno centris xelmZRvanelis, rusudan wurwumias Tavdadebuli da udavod warmatebuli Sroma am aTi wlis ganmavlobaSi.

dReisaTvis mravalxmianobis sakiT-xebis Seswavla Tanamedrove eTnomusiko-logiis erT-erTi wamyvani sferoa. avs-triaSi, ruseTSi, estoneTSi, taivanSi, portugaliaSi ewyoba konferenciebi, ga-modis wignebi da krebulebi, cota xnis win daarsda ICTM-Si mravalxmianobis Semswavleli jgufi. TandaTanobiT xdeba

imis gaazreba, rom mravalxmiani simRera aris ara marto saocari kulturuli fenomeni, aramed xalxTa Soris har-moniuli urTierTTanamSromlobis mZla-vri simboloc, SemiZlia Tamamad gan-vacxado, rom am yvelafris biZgi swored Cveni konferenciebi da simpoziumebi, Cveni centris arseboba gaxda.

mTels saqarTvelosTan erTad va-mayob, rom saqarTvelos aseTi wamyvani adgili uWiravs mravalxmianobis kvleva-Si, da kidev erTxel vulocav tradi-ciuli mravalxmianobis kvlevis saerTa-Soriso centrs da mis yvela TanamSro-mels daarsebis aTi wlisTavs. kidev mra-val axal warmatebas, kidev mravali axali ucxoeli megobris SeZenas, kidev mravali axalgazrda qarTveli eTnomu-sikologis gazrdas vusurveb!

ioseb Jordania

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dro swrafad garbis, vixseneb Tbi-lisis saxelmwifo konservatoriis tra-

diciuli mravalxmianobis kvlevis saer-

TaSoriso centris dabade-bas da, ai, ukve aTi wlis gax-diT! gilocavT!

kargad mogvexseneba, Tu raoden warmate-bulad tardeba

tradiciuli mravalxmianobis saerTaSoriso simpozi-umebi, ibeWdeba simpoziumis masalebis fundamenturi orenovani krebulebi, mag-ram visurvebdiT rom gacilebiT meti vi-codeT qarTuli mravalxmianobis umniS-vnelovanes tipologiuri aRwerisa da dRevandeli rukis Sedgenis saqmeSi cen-tris saqmianobaze.

dae, mravalxmianoba zeobdes musi-kasa da musikaze fiqrSi! mravalJamier Cvens usayvarles mravlxmian Svils!

izali zemcovski, aSS/ruseTi

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tradiciuli mravalxmianobis kvlevis centris arsebobas didi mniSvneloba

aqvs warsulsa da awmyoSi mra-

valxmianobis zepiri tradici-is nebismeri as-peqtiT dainte-resebuli adami-anebisTvis. yo-vel or weliwa-dSi simpoziume-bis Catareba Se-xvedris, azrTa da gamocdile-bis gaziarebis unikalur saSu-alebas aZlevs

msoflios sxvadasxva qveynis mecnierebs. yvela CvenganisTvis bevrismomcemia cen-tris publikaciebi.

guliTadad vulocav profesor rusudan wurwumias, ioseb Jordanias da am SesaniSnavi organizaciis koleqtivs.

vulocav da didxans sicocxles vusurveb tradiciuli mravalxmianobis kvlevis saerTaSoriso centrs!

simha aromi, safrangeTi

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tradiciuli mrava-lxmianobis kvle-vis centrma muSao-ba 10 wlis win da-iwyo da am drois manZilze simaRli-dan ar Camosula. centri araCveuleb-riv saSualebas iZ-leva msoflios sx-vadasxva regionis

mravalxmianobis gacnobisaTvis. es Sesa-niSnavi gamocdilebaa centris simpozeu-mebSi monawileTaTvis.

piradad me centris madlobeli var, radgan Cemi mokrZalebuli wvlili msoflio mravalxmianobis monacemTa ba-zaSi am patara samecniero sazogadoebis didi Sromis Sedegia. centrsa da mis ko-

leqtivs vusurveb janmrTelobas, bedni-erebasa da did warmatebebs samecniero saqmianobaSi.

mixail lobanovi, ruseTi

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minda mokled gamovxato uRrmesi madloba tradiciuli mravalxmianobis centris koleqtivis mimarT musikaluri mxardaWerisa da megobrobisaTvis. maT mier Catarebuli simpoziumebi Zalian mniSvnelovania CvenTvis, amitom minda Se-vsva maTi warmatebuli momavlis sadRe-grZelo! didi madloba yvelas da gilo-cavT, gaumarjos!

polo valeho, espaneTi

siaxleebi saqarTvelos

eTnomusikaluri cxovreba

(ivnisi-dekemberi, 2013)

festivalebi da konferenciebi ivlisi, 2013 _ gaimarTa tradiciuli festivali art-geni, romelSic monawi-leoba miiRes rogorc regionulma, ise Tbilisurma folklorulma ansamblebma. 14-15.07.2013 _ q. zugdidSi dadianebis sa-saxleSi gaimarTa galobisa da xalxuri simReris pirveli festivali, romlis farglebSic ansamblma `didgorma~ mona-wileoba miiRo zugdidis sakaTedro ta-ZarSi Catarebul sazeimo wirvaSi. 4.09.2013 _ latviis dedaqalaq rigaSi gaimarTa sasuliero musikis me-16 saer-TaSoriso festivali, romelSic monawi-

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leoba miiRo qarTulma folklorulma ansamblma `didgorma~. 17.09.2013 _ daba stefanwmindaSi gaimarTa al. yazbegis dabadebidan 165 wlisTavi-sadmi miZRvnili saxalxo dResaswauli, romelSic monawileoba miiRes rogorc adgilobrivma, ise Tbilisurma folklo-rulma koleqtivebma. 28-29.09.2013 _ Catarda xobis VII saerTa-Soriso festivali `simRera samegrelo-ze~, romlis farglebSic gaimarTa wig-nis `dalai vaxtang rodonaias~ preze-ntacia. 6.10.2013 _ TbilisSi, mTawmindis parkSi gaimarTa tradiciuli ludis pirveli festivali, romelSic monawileoba mi-iRes ansamblebma: `saxioba~, `didgori~, `nanina~, `laguSeda~, `Ziriani~. 12-20.10.2013 _ q. TelavSi Catarda saxelo-vnebo festivali NEW nadimi.

1-3.11.2012 _ q. baTumSi gaimarTa gigi ga-rayaniZis saxelobis saero da sasuli-ero musikis VIII saerTaSoriso festiva-li da konferencia. 5-6.12.2013 _ ivane javaxiSvilis saxe-lobis Tbiliosis saxelmwifo universi-tetis eTnologiis saswavlo-samecniero institutma da eTnologiis institutis saqarTvelos eTnologiis ganyofilebam moawyo irakli surgulaZis xsovnisadmi miZRvnili samecniero konferencia: `mi-Ti, kulti, rituali~.

kompaqt-diskebi, master-klasebi, le-qciebi, publikaciebi, prezentaciebi da sxv. 30.05.2013 _ ilias saxelmwifo universi-tetSi Catarda amave universitetis aso-cirebuli profesoris, musikologiis doqtoris, nino kalandaZe-maxaraZis sa-jaro leqcia Temaze `bavSvTa samusiko sakravebi saqarTveloSi~. 8.06.2013 _ TbilisSi, wignis maRazia `ligamusSi~ ilias saxelmwifo universi-tetma moawyo Sexvedra qalTa folklo-rul ansamblTan `mzeTamze~. 16.06.2013 – Tbilisis saxelmwifo konse-rvatoriis did darbazSi gaimarTa kom-paqt-diskis `100 xalxuri simRera da sagalobeli~ prezentacia-koncerti an-sambl `basianis~ monawileobiT. 3.10.2013 _ Tbilisis saxelmwifo konser-vatoriis tradiciuli mravalxmianobis saerTaSoriso centrma moawyo nikola

eliasis sajaro leqcia Temaze: ,,kav-kasiis karibWesTan: pontos mTebis musi-ka~. 12.10.2013 _ ansambli ,,saxioba~ imyofebo-da axalcixis sofel aralSi, sadac Ca-tarda galoba-simReris SemecnebiTi kon-certi. koncertis farglebSi moewyo fo-to da videoCveneba, romelmac adgilob-riv axalgazrdebs gaacno Zveli qarT-veli momReral-mgaloblebi, maTi moRva-weobisa da sagalobelTa notebze gada-tanis istoria. 8.11.2013 _ m. berZeniSvilis sax. darbazSi `muza~ gaimarTa `wirvis saswavlo dis-kis~ prezentacia, romelSic monawileo-ba miiRo goris, Telavis, lanCxuTis, ozurgeTis, Coxataurisa da Tbilisis folklorulma ansamblebma. 15.11.2013 _ TbilisSi, wignis maRazia `li-gamusSi~ ilias saxelmwifo univer-sitetma moawyo niderlandeli musiko-sis, mkvlevris, doqtoris _ magdalena kunis sajaro leqcia Temaze `kopturi liturgikuli musika; orTodoqsuli qriatianuli musikaluri kultura~. 16-17.11.2013 _ ansamblma `saxiobam~ da ma-ma daviTis taZris mgalobelTa gundma malxaz erqvaniZis xelmZRvanelobiT Wyo-ndidis eparqiaSi, q. martvilis kultu-ris centrSi Caatara galoba-seminari, romelic mieZRvna qarTuli saeklesio galobis istorias, mis RvTismsaxurebaSi dabrunebis problemebs. noemberi, 2013 _ saqarTvelos kulturis saministros mier ansambl `basians~ mi-eniWa saxelmwifo ansamblis statusi da dafuZnda, rogorc ssip ansambli `basia-ni~. noemberi, 2013 _ `anCisxatis taZris gund-ma~ gamosca saiubileo kompaqt-diski `na-di~. noemberi, 2013 _ nino kalandaZe-maxaraZem ganaTlebis saministros maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis centrSi Caata-ra Treningebi qarTul musikalur folk-lorSi zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolis musikis pedagogebisaTvis. 26.11.2013 _ Tbilisis saxelmwifo konse-rvatoriaSi moewyo `anCisxatis gundis~ mgaloblis, zaal wereTlis wignis `sami nevmirebuli kanoni~ prezentacia. 11.12.2013 _ Tbilisis saxelmwifo konser-vatoriis tradiciuli mravalxmianobis saerTaSoriso centrma moawyo pristo-nis universitetis doqtorantis, jon gremis leqcia Temaze `kandomblisa da

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kapoeiras ritmebi: tradiciuli brazi-liuri musika~. 19.12.2013 _ Tbilisis saxelmwifo konser-vatoriis tradiciuli mravalxmianobis saerTaSoriso centrma moawyo espaneli eTnomusikologis, polo valehos leqcia Temaze: ,,msoflio mravalxmianobis for-mebi~. 24.12.2013 _ saqarTvelos erovnul bibli-oTekaSi moewyo wignis _ `qarTuli saga-loblebis xelnawerTa aRweriloba da anbanuri katalogi~ (wm. filimon mgalo-blis (qoriZis) da wm. eqvTime aRmsare-blis (kereseliZis) sanoto xelnawerebis mixedviT) _ prezentacia (avtor-Semdge-nlebi: vaJa gvaxaria, daviT SuRliaSvi-li da nino razmaZe). dekemberi, 2013 _ gamoica ICTM-is XIX simpoziumis masalebis krebuli, romel-Sic daibeWda nino maxaraZisa da loli-ta surmaniZis moxsenebebi qarTuli Casa-beri sakravebis Sesaxeb. 24.12.2013 _ Tbilisis saxelmwifo konser-vatoriis doqtoranturis I kursis stu-dentma giorgi kraveiSvilma musikis Te-oriisa da kompoziciis fakultetis ba-kalavriatis I kursis studentebTan Caa-tara leqcia heruli (kaxis raionis) mu-sikaluri folkloris Sesaxeb.

eqspediciebi 3-16.08.2013 _ moewyo tmksc-is eqspedicia pankisSi. eqspediciis wevrebi: nino raz-maZe, qeTevan baiaSvili (noemberSi moe-wyo am eqspediciis masalebis prezenta-cia). 3-6.10.2013 _ Tbilisis saxelmwifo kon-servatoriis doqtoranturis I kursis studenti giorgi kraveiSvili marTa ta-rtaraSvilTan erTad imyofeboda eqspe-diciaSi dedofliswyaros raionis so-fel samTawyaroSi mcxovreb ingiloeb-Tan. 21-23.10.2013 _ Tbilisis saxelmwifo kon-servatoriis doqtoranturis I kursis studenti giorgi kraveiSvili marTa tartaraSvilTan erTad imyofeboda eq-spediciaSi kaxis raionSi. ivnisi, 2013 _ ilias saxelmwifo uni-versitetis musikis centris eTnomusiko-logiurma mimarTulebam moawyo eqspe-dicia ninowmindis raionis sofel gore-lovkaSi. eqspediciis wevrebi: Tamaz ga-bisonia da qeTevan baiaSvili.

ivlisi, 2013 _ ilias saxelmwifo univer-sitetis musikis centris eTnomusikolo-giurma mimarTulebam moawyo eqspedicia dedofliswyaros raionSi. eqspediiciis wevrebi: Tamaz gabisonia da nino kala-ndaZe-maxaraZe (noemberSi moewyo am eqs-pediciis masalebis prezentacia ilias saxelmwifo universitetSi). 27.11.2013 _ Tbilisis saxelmwifo konser-vatoriaSi gaimarTa qarTuli xalxuri musikaluri Semoqmedebis mimarTulebis mier 2011 wlis noemberSi raWaSi mowyo-bili eqpediciis masalebis prezentacia. eqspediciis wevrebi: oTar kapanaZe (xelmZRvaneli), Teona lomsaZe, sofo kotrikaZe, nino CitaZe. 9.12.2013 _ Tbilisis saxelmwifo konser-vatoriaSi gaimarTa qarTuli xalxuri musikaluri Semoqmedebis mimarTulebis mier 2013 wlis aprilSi aWaraSi, qedis raionSi mowyobili eqpediciis masalebis prezentacia eqspediciis wevrebi: Teona ruxaZe (xelmZRvaneli), Teona lomsaZe, sofo kotrikaZe. gastrolebi

ansamblma `rusTavma~ gastrolebiT imog-zaura: 3.06.2013 _ TurqeTi, q. samsuni _ musikisa da saSemsruleblo xelovnebis saerTa-Soriso festivali. 4.07.2013 _ norvegia, q. forde _ tradi-ciuli da msoflio musikis festivali; 1.08.2013 _ CineTi, q. pekini, qarTuli kul-turis dReebi. 10.08.2013 _ Sveicaria, q. sioni _ saerTa-Soriso festivali Music Sion Valais;

26.22.2013 _ ruseTi, q. moskovi _ oleg ka-ganis sax. festivali. 12-13.09.2013 _ ansambli `basiani~ miwveuli iyo poloneTis qalaq katoviceSi solo koncertebis gasamarTad. 14-15.12.2013 _ ansamblma `didgorma~ gamar-Ta ori solo koncerti ruseTis dedaqa-laq moskovSi (pirveli _ Tanamedrove xelovnebis centrSi, meore ki _ samebis taZarSi). koncertebi da saRamoebi 9.06.2013 _ ansamblma `Savnabadam~ gamarTa solo saangariSo koncerti konservato-riis did sakoncerto darbazSi

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11.06.2013 _ TbilisSi, rusTavelis Teat-rSi fondma `qarTulma galobam~ gamar-Ta qarTuli tradiciuli musikis kon-certi. 16.06.2013 _ ansamblma `didgorma~ gamarTa solo koncerti daba stefanwmindaSi, wm. ilia marTlis saxelobis skola gimna-ziaSi, proeqtis _ `Cemo kargo qveyanav~ _ farglebSi. 20.06.2013 _ ansamblma `Savnabadam~ gamar-

Ta solo koncerti q. lanCxuTSi. 6.07.2013 _ ilias saxelmwifo universite-tis Teatris darbazSi gaimarTa amave universitetis xalxuri simReris stu-denturi gundis koncerti (xelmZRvaneli T. gabisonia) 7.07.2013 – Tbilisis konservatoriis mci-re darbazSi gaimarTa qalTa folklo-ruli ansambl `naninas~ solo koncerti, romelic ansamblma Seqmnis 10 wlisTavs miuZRvna. 2.08.2013 _ saqarTvelos sapatriarqoSi gaimarTa wminda ilia marTlis xsenebis dRisadmi miZRvnili koncerti, sadac scenaze koleqtiurad pirvelad Sesrul-da tradiciuli heruli xalxuri simRe-rebi ingiloebis mcirericxovani jgufis mier. 17.09.2013 _ Tbilisis saxelmwifo konser-vatoriis did darbazSi gaimarTa afxa-zeTis omis 20 wlisTavisadmi miZRvnili saRamo-koncerti `giyvardes da gadarCe-bi~, romelSic monawileoba miiRo ansam-blma `didgorma~. 1.10.2013 _ q. CoxataurSi gaixsna vladi-mer berZeniSvilis saxelobis salotba-ro skola, rasac mieZRvna ansambl `Sav-nabadas~ koncerti cnobil gurul momRe-rlebTan erTad. 27.10.2013 _ q. rusTavis centralur moe-danze gaimarTa rusTavqalaqobisadmi mi-ZRvnili koncerti, romelSic monawile-oba miiRes folklorulma ansamblebma `me rusTvelma~ da `TuTarCelam~. 11.11.2013 _ Tbilisis saxelmwifo kon-servatoriis did darbazSi saqarTvelos xelnawerTa erovnuli centris megobar-Ta sazogadoebis organizebiT gaimarTa saqvelmoqmedo koncerti `erTad movua-roT xelnawerebs~, romelSic monawile-oba miiRo ansamblma `didgorma~. 15.11.2013 _ q. ozurgeTis TeatrSi gaimar-Ta cnobili guruli momRerlebis, guri da tristan sixaruliZeebis Semoqmedebi-Ti saRamo, maTi axali kompaqt-diskisa da anzor erqomaiSvilis wignis _ `guri

da tristan sixaruliZeebi~ _ prezenta-cia. 22.11.2013 _ q. rusTavis municipalur Te-atrSi gaimarTa wm. giorgisadmi miZRvni-li koncerti, romelSic monawileoba mi-iRes folklorulma ansamblebma `me ru-sTvelma~ da `TuTarCelam~. 22.11.2013 _ ansamblma `didgorma~ mona-wileoba miiRo hereTSi, kaxis wm. gior-gis taZarSi Catarebul sazeimo RvTism-saxurebaSi. 23.12.2013 _ saqarTvelos wiTeli jvris sazogadoebis miwveviT qalTa folklo-rulma ansamblma `nanina~ Tbilisis xan-dazmulTa socialur centrSi saqvel -moqmedo koncerti gaimarTa. 1.12.2013 _ q. baTumSi gaimarTa ansambl ,,saxiobisa~ da baTumis feriscvalebis eklesiasTan arsebuli momReral-mgalo-belTa gundis ,,feriscvalebis~ erTob-livi koncerti, romelic Caiwera DVD

diskze. 2.12.2013 _ samebis taZris axalgazrdul centrSi gaimarTa SSm (SezRuduli Se-saZleblobis mqone) pirTa dRisadmi miZ-Rvnili saqvelmoqmedo koncerti, romel-Sic monawileoba miiRes ansamblebma: `aRsavali~, `didgori~, `ialoni~, `kvi-ria~, laguSeda~, `nadi~. 12.12.2013 – Tbilisis rusTavelis Teat-ris did darbazSi gaimarTa ansambl `an-Cisxatis~ saiubileo koncerti, romelic misi Seqmnis 25 wlisTavs mieZRvna. 16.12.2013 _ Tbilisis griboedovis Teat-rSi moewyo xalxuri poeziis saRamo ,,leqso, ar daikargebi~, romelSic mona-wileoba miiRes rogorc regionulma, ise Tbilisurma foloklorulma ansamble-bma. 18.12.2013 _ Tbilisis saxelmwifo konse-rvatoriis mcire darbazSi gaimarTa mga-lobel gogonaTa gundis `ialonis~ so-lo koncerti. saqarTvelos folkloris saxelmwifo centris mier ganxorcielebuli pro-eqtebis Sesaxeb dawvrilebiT ixileT: www.folk.ge

moamzada maka xarZianma

9

cnobili ucxoeli eTnomusikologebi

diter qristenseni

diter qristenseni

Znelia davasaxeloT eTnomusiko-logiis sferoSi romelime mniSvnelo-vani saerTaSoriso organizacia, romel-Tanac 1960-iani wlebidan ar uTanamS-romlia niu iorkis kolumbiis univer-sitetis sapatio profesorsa da mravali wlis ganmavlobaSi kolumbiis universi-tetis eTnomusikologiis centris direq-tors, diter qristensens: iyo iunesko-s,

eTnomusikologiuri sazogadoebis, fol-kloruli musikis saerTaSoriso sabWosa da tradiciuli musikis saerTaSoriso sabWos aRmasrulebel da direqtorTa sabWoebis wevri, sxvadasxva komitetis Tavmjdomare da generaluri mdivani, maTi gamocemebis, maT Soris, tradici-uli musikis biuletenisa da yovelwli-uri krebulis (Yearbook), agreTve, iunes-ko-s tradiciuli musikis krebulis re-daqtori 1980-iani wlebidan....

Cven gansakuTrebuli damokidebu-leba gvaqvs b-n diterTan, rogorc qar-Tuli kulturis megobarTan 2001 wli-dan, roca man didi daxmareba aRmouCina b-n anzor erqomaiSvils iunesko-Si qar-Tuli polifoniis aRiarebis sakiTxis ganxilvisas; 2002 wlidan ki igi mudmi-vad gvidasturebs Tavis erTgulebas Tb-ilisis saxelmwifo konservatoriis tra-diciuli mravalxmianobis saerTaSoriso simpoziumebSi monawileobiT da sxva ga-moCenil mkvlevrebTan erTad gansazRvra misi maRali mecnieruli done. Cveni cen-tris daarsebidan 10 wlisTavze didi ma-dlierebiT vigonebT, rom 2003 wels igi

iyo Tbilisis konservatoriaSi tradici-uli mravalxmianobis kvlevis centris daarsebis erT-erTi aqtiuri mxardamWeri da misi saerTaSoriso sabWos wevri. ase-ve didia misi damsaxureba Cveni simpozi-umis popularizaciaSi, misi rekomenda-ciiT Tbilisis simpoziums ara erTi mec-nieri ewvia, xolo 2012 wels VI simpo-ziumze swored misi iniciativiT daigeg-ma mrgvali magida Temaze axali mosa-zrebebi adamianis evoluciasa da qceva-ze _ mravalxmianobis roli Tanamedrove adamianis CamoyalibebaSi.

ganaTleba: 1950-1953 _ musikis saxelmwifo uma-Rlesi skola berlini/germania, violon-Celo;

1953-1957 – berlinis Tavisufali universiteti, musikologia (SedarebiTi da istoriuli musikologia) da anTro-pologia; filosofiis doqtoris xaris-xi; xelmZRvanelebi: kurt rainhardi, h.h. drageri (musikologia), rixard trunva-ldi, s. vestfal-helbuSi (anTropolo-gia).

berlinis Tavisufal universitet-

Si SedarebiT musikismcodneobasa da an-TropologiaSi filosofiis doqtoris xarisxis miniWebis Semdeg diter qris-tenseni iyo berlinis fonogramebis ar-qivis direqtori da aswavlida amave uni-versitetSi. 1971 wels gadavida niu ior-kSi, sadac miiRo profesoris Tanamde-boba da saTaveSi Caudga kolumbiis uni-versitetis eTnomusikologiis centrs. igi aseve aswavlida vesleinisa da niu iork siTis (aSS), hamburgis (germania), lisabonis (portugalia) universiteteb-Si; misi yvelaze mniSvnelovani gamo-kvleva eZRvneba papua axali gvineis, tu-valus, centraluri meqsikis, balkaneTi-sa da dasavleT aziis musikas. mecnieris mravalricxovan publikaciebs Sorisaa statiebi bosnia-hercogovinas musikalur tradiciebze, romlebsac safuZvlad ud-evs am regionSi 1957-1974 wlebSi savele eqspediciebis dros meuRlesTan _ ner-tus qristensenTan erTad mopovebuli xmovani Canawerebi. garda centraluri evropisa, man savele eqspediciebiT moi-ara CrdiloeT norvegia, meqsika, irani omanis sasulTno, TurqeTi.

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misi uaxlesi wigni (salva kaste-lo brankosTan erTad) eZRvneba samxreT arabeTis tradiciul xelovnebas _ musi-kas soharis sazogadoebaSi, omanis sasu-lTnoSi. 1960-ian wlebSi man daiwyo Tur-qeTSi mcxovrebi qurTebis musikaluri folkloris kvleva. 2007 wlidan igi kvlav miubrunda am Temas, Tumca amje-rad daiwyo germaniaSi qurTuli dias-poris folkloris Seswavla, razec gan-sakuTrebiT intensiurad muSaobs 2010 wlidan, aSS-dan germaniaSi sacxovreb-lad gadmosvlis Semdeg.

yvelaferTan erTad, batoni dite-ri uaRresad sayvareli da komunikabe-luri pirovnebaa – misi ulevi optimizmi da iumori saocrad sasiamovnos xdis masTan urTierTobas.

baton diters vusurvebT janmrTe-lobasa da xangrZliv, nayofier samec-niero moRvaweobas, Cvens centrs ki – didxans masTan urTierTobis bedniere-bas!

tradiciuli xelovnebis festivali „NEWnadimi“

TelavSi

festivalis programa

ukve ramdeni welia, Telavis Semo-dgomas eliso virsalaZis festivalebi amSvenebs. 2013 wlis 13-dan 19 oqtomb-ramde Telavis nadikvaris parkSi gaima-rTa meore festivalic _NNEWnadimi, ro-melic tradiciuli xelovnebisa da kul-turis dargebis ganviTarebas isaxavs miznad da kulturaTa da tradiciaTa

integracias gulisxmobs. wamyvani sfero-ebi iyo keramikuli da safeiqro xelov-neba da xalxuri musika. gaimarTa saer-TaSoriso gamofenebi, profesiuli da sazogadoebrivi masterklasebi, diskusi-ebi da koncertebi. NEWnadimis amocana _ unikaluri, regionisaTvis damaxasi-aTebeli tradiciebis SenarCuneba, maTi ganviTareba, maRali xarisxis da Sina-arsis ganmsazRvreli kriteriumebis Se-muSaveba da bunebrivi gzebiT Tanamed-rove gamowvevebTan SesabamisobaSi moyva-na iyo. festivalis ori dRe (19-20 oqtom-beri) daeTmo xalxur simReras. am ideis avtorebi da sulis Camdgmelebi gaxldT ana riaboSenko da marTa TabukaSvili, xolo ganmaxorcieleblebi _ eTnomusi-kologebi nino kalandaZe-maxaraZe da Ta-maz gabisonia. ori dRis ganmavlobaSi uxvad efineboda Telavs madliani ka-xuri simReris hangebi.

am festivalis upiratesoba, xal-xuri simReris sxva festivalebTan Seda-rebiT, is iyo, rom masze mravlad war-moCndnen aqamde ucnobi koleqtivebi. gan-sakuTrebiT sasixarulo bavSvTa koleq-tivebis gamoCena iyo.

festivalis afiSa

miuxedavad erTgvari geografiuli

SezRudvisa, programa mainc mravalfe-rovani iyo. erTmaneTs enacvlebodnen Te-lavis, axmetis, sagarejos, gurjaanis, dedofliswyaros folkloruli jgufe-bi. saintereso iyo zogierTi ansamblis ori Taobis gamosvla (ansambli „xareba“ gurjaanis raionidan da ansambli `xor-

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nabuji“ dedofliswyaros raionidan). ma-Ti repertuari moicavda, rogorc Zvel, miviwyebul variantebs, ise _ yvelasaT-vis kargad nacnob nimuSebs; rogorc sim-Rerebs, ise _ saferxuloebsa da sacek-vaoebs, xalxuri simRerebis popurebs qalTa, mamakacTa, bavSvTa SesrulebiT. saintereso iyo dakvirveba am ansamble-bis aSkarad gamoxatul, erTmaneTisagan gansxvavebul saSemsruleblo maneraze.

festivalis organizatorTa Zali-sxmeviT, upiratesoba avTentur Semsru-leblobas eniWeboda, Tumca, sasceno tr-adiciebis evropuli stilisa da diriJo-ruli normebis damcvelebic gamoCndnen bavSvebis mier kaxuri simReris Sesru-lebisas.

festivalis programa iTvaliswi-nebda Semsruleblebisa da eTnomusiko-logTa Sexvedrasac, ramac Tavisi nayo-fi gamoiRo: musikologiis doqtorebma nino kalandaZem da Tamaz gabisoniam, Tbilisis konservatoriis mravalxmiano-bis kvlevis saerTaSoriso centris xel-mZRvanelma rusudan wurwumiam, folk-loris saxelmwifo centris musikaluri

ansambli `patara kaxi~ ganyofilebis gamgem _ eTnomusikologma nana valiSvilma da sxvebma, ansamblebis xelmZRvanelebsa da Semsruleblebs me-Toduri daxmareba gauwies: ganumartes Zveli, aw dakarguli simRerebis Zebnis saWiroeba. aseve gadasces literaturaSi arsebuli da miviwyebuli simRerebisa da ritualebis sia, romelic, imedia, moma-val festivalebs bevrad mravalferovan-sa da sainteresos gaxdis.

festivalis xelmZRvanelobam mona-wile ansamblebs metad Rirebuli saCuq-rebi gadasca: xalxuri simRerebis Zveli

Canawerebis kompaqt-diskebi da magnito-fonebi, rac maT Semdgom muSaobaSi di-dad waadgebaT.

amgvarad, es ar iyo mxolod saSem-sruleblo festivali, aramed mas bevrad didi mizani _ simReris Semsruleblo-baSi meToduri daxmarebis funqciac hqo-nda. es ki, metad saWiro da mniSvnelo-vani saqmea samomavlod. albaT, aRsaniS-navia isic, rom xalxuri simReris fes-tivali TelavSi eliso virsalaZis fes-tivalis paralelurad mimdinareobda. Camosuli stumrebisaTvis es faqti, swo-red rom miswreba iyo. maT saSualeba mi-ecaT rafinirebuli klasikuri musikis gverdiT tradiciuli musikis ZirZveli da ZarRviani kaxuri simRerac moesminaT. es ki namdvili fufunebaa.

qeTevan baiaSvili,

eTnomusikologi, tmksc-is specialisti, ilias saxelmwifo universitetis

doqtoranti

ucxouri mravalxmianoba

masais tomis tradiciuli

mravalxmianoba

masais geografiuli mdebareoba

masais tomebi erT-erTi yvelaze cnobili afrikuli eTnikuri jgufia. ma-saebis raodenoba daaxloebiT milionam-dea, romelTa umravlesoba keniaSi cxov-robs, nawili ki _ CrdiloeT tanzaniaSi.

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isini nilotebis enobriv jgufs miekuT-vnebian da daaxloebiT me-16 saukuneSi emigrirdnen Crdilo-aRmosavleT afriki-dan aRmosavleT afrikis savanaSi, suda-nis gavliT. maTi ZiriTadi saqmianoba me-saqonleobaa; aqvT sakuTari ena _ maaze, floben aseve suahils, bevri ki _ ingli-sursac. maTi cxovrebis niris sxvadasxva mxareze didi gavlena iqonia mezobelma kuSiturma tomebmac. arsebobs origina-luri TaviseburebebiT erTmaneTisgan ga-morCeuli masaebis Tormeti tomi.

`masaebis xtoma~

masaebs patriarqaluri sociumi aqvT, monoTeistebi arian da Tayvans sce-men RvTaeba enkais (Enkai an Engai), romel-sac ormagi buneba aqvs: keTilganwyobi-lisa da SurismaZiebelis. arian aseve qristiani da muslimi masaebic (es ukana-sknelni _ metad mcire raodenobiT). am tomis religiur sistemaSi centraluri roli eniWeba qurum laibons (Laibon), romelic iTavsebs winaswarmetyvelebas, mkiTxaobas, kurnebas, nadirobis warmate-bis gansazRvras da kargi amindis mowve-vas, zogjer _ politikur uflebebsac.

masaebis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani ritualia bavSvTa windacveTa (emorata) rogorc kacebSi, aseve qalebSi, romelic gautkivarebis gareSe tardeba. aRsaniS-navia, rom am Cveulebis qalisTvis gansa-kuTrebulad saxifaTo Sedegebis gamo bolo dros windacveTis ceremonia „sit-yviT windacveTis“ ritualiT icvleba _ mxolod cekviTa da simReriT.

masaebi saxelganTqmuli meomrebi da monadireni arian. sasaxelod iTvleba axalgazrdis mier lomis mokvla (amJa-mad mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu lomi saojaxo meurneobas azaralebs). cnobil saTavgadasavlo filmSi „moCveneba da bneleTi“ (The Ghost and the Darkness) swored

masaebis nadirobiswina ritualia asaxu-li simReriTa da xtomiTi cekviT.

masaebis mTavar simdidred iTvle-ba saqonlisa da Svilebis simravle. aq bolo dromde gavrcelebuli iyo poli-gamia (rogorc amboben, wina saukuneSi buzi ceces nakbenis epidemiiT mamakacTa ricxvis Semcirebis gamo) da poliand-ria.

musika da, gansakuTrebiT, gunduri simRera, cekvasTan erTad, masaebis TviT-gamoxatvis ZiriTadi saSualebaa. simRe-ris erT-erTi mTavari maxasiaTebelia lideris _ olaranianis (olaranyani) melo-diur frazaze gundis poliritmuli pa-suxi. solistis rols zogjer ramdenime momRerali asrulebs. olaranianis saw-yis frazas, erTgvar saTaurs _ nambas _ gundi erTsulovani fraziT pasuxobs. zogierTis azriT, es sityva koloniuri periodisaa da inglisuri number-idan (mniSvnelobiT „nomeri“) momdinareobs.

responsoriumi qalTa simRerebis-Tvisacaa damaxasiaTebeli, Tumca, mamaka-ci solistis kupletebi xSirad gundis xorxismieri xmebis fonze mimdinareobs, qali masaebisTvis ki araa damaxasiaTe-beli xorxismieri mRera. didi jgufis mier Sesrulebisas ismis erTgvari SeZa-xilebi da, aseve, „mahipnozirebeli zu-zunic“. xdeba 5/4, 6/4 da metris varireba. partiaTa poliritmul struqturas xSi-rad safuZvlad udevs glosolaliebi Semdegi marcvlebis kombinaciiT: la-le-i-eo (la-ley-eo).

erT-erT mniSvnelovan efeqts po-lifoniuri sinkopireba qmnis, romelic, ZiriTadad, momReralTa heterofoniuli, Tavisufali ganviTarebis partiebiT mi-iRweva, rac xSirad hoketis struqturas qmnis. miuxedavad polifoniuri mocvisa, xSiria garkveuli jgufis mier melo-diis unisonSi Sesrulebac. amgvar simRe-raSi aseve saxasiaToa burdonuli banis gamoyeneba, rac masaebs sxva afrikuli tomebisgan gamoarCevs. Tumca, zogadad, masaebis mRera ZiriTadad ostinatur pr-incips emyareba.

rogorc mamakacebi, aseve qalebi simReras xSirad Sejibris, sxvaze aRma-tebulobis demonstrirebis saSualebad iyeneben. teqstebi umetesad improvizaci-ulia. simRerebiT mimarTaven RvTaebasac. qalebi mRerian bavSvis daZinebis, Zroxis wvelis drosac. bolo dros popularu-li gaxda qristianuli himnebi suahilis

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enaze. es simRerebi, msgavsad „politiku-ri mxardaWeris“ Janris simRerebisa, sak-maod gansxvavdeba masaebis tradiciuli simRerebisagan formiTac da musikaluri SinaarsiTac.

masaebis vokalur kulturas mxo-lod mcired enacvleba sasule sakrav kuduze (Kudu) dakvra, romelic meom-rebis (moranebis) kurTxevis ceremoniaze _ eunotoze (Eunoto) moxmobas emsaxureba. es rituali zogjer aT dReze met xans grZeldeba da gajerebulia cekva-simRe-riT. am dros loodokilanis tomis masa-ebi erTgvar aRlums atareben _ „adumus“ (adumu) an „aigus“ (aigus) (maas enaze es zmnebi „xtomas“ niSnavs), rasac maTi Sem-yureni „masaebis xtomas“ eZaxian. esaa er-Tgvari Sejibri xtomaSi, romlis dro-sac mxtomeli ar unda icvlides swor mdgomareobas da qusliT ar unda exe-bodes miwas. xtomis simaRleze xSirad xmis maRali poziciacaa damokidebuli. garda xtomisa, masaebis simReris dros, CasunTqva-amosunTqvisas metad saxasiaT-oa kisris ritmuli moZraobac.

gogonebi aRlumze

moranebis aRlumze maTi TvalsaCi-nod aRkazmuli megobari gogonebis yof-nac ritualis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani nawilia. aq meomarTa dedebic mRerian da cekvaven, riTac sakuTar Svilebs aqeben.

simRerebi da cekvebi xSirad ax-lavs ritual maniatas (manyatta), rac Wa-bukebis da gogonebis erTgvar arSiys gulisxmobs. vaJebi erT xazze ewyobian da ritmulad gasZaxian: „oooh-iah!“ oxv-riTa da xvelebis intonaciiT, agreTve _ sxeulis qveda nawilis biZgebiT; vaJebis win mdgomi gogonebi msgavsi moZraobe-

biT pasuxoben: „oiiio-io!“. axalgazrdebi am dros erTmaneTs ar exebian.

aRsaniSnavia, rom miuxedavad urba-nizaciis damakninebeli zegavlenisa, ma-saebis bevri rituali kvlavac inarCu-nebs aqtualobas, rac ZiriTadad, didi turistuli interesiTaa ganpirobebuli. Tumca masaebis „avTentikuri“ mRera (ra-sac menejerebi turistebis winaSe xazs usvamen) tiraJirebis gamo (xSirad sa-stumroebis vestibulebSi da restor-nebSi) aSkara saxecvlas ganicdis, rac gamoixateba musikalur SinaarsSi, arat-radiciuli sakravebisa da aratipuri sa-cekvao moZraobebis SemotanaSi.

Tamaz gabisonia musikologiis doqtori,

ilias saxelmwifo universitetis asocirebuli profesori

14

erTi qarTuli folkloruli ansambli

,,saTanao~

ansambli ,,saTanao~ 2005 wels Se-iqmna jvris mamis taZris mgalobel go-gonaTa gundis bazaze, romelTac aRniS-nul taZarSi galoba 1980-iani wlebis bolos daiwyes. es is dro iyo, roca sabWoTa aTeisturi cenzuris gamo, uZ-velesi tradiciebis matarebeli da Tao-baTa mier miviwyebuli qarTuli saekle-sio galoba, anCisxatis taZris mgalobe-lTa gundis mier sxvadasxva arqivSi da-culi xelnawerebidan kvlav eklesiis wiaRs daubrunda.

ansambli saTanao

jvris mamis mgaloblebi, ansamb-lis pirveli Taoba – qeTevan maTiaSvi-li, tatiana megreliZe (ansamblis xel-mZRvaneli), TinaTin Jvania, nana mJavanaZe da Tamar Tolordava _ anCisxatelebis kvaldakval, aqtiurad Caebnen qarTuli saeklesio galobis aRdgenisa da maTi liturgikul praqtikaSi danergvis pro-cesSi. isini wlebis ganmavlobaSi galo-bdnen jvris mamis taZarSi. Tumca da-ojaxebisa da cxovrebiseuli pirobebis Secvlis Semdeg, veRar axerxebdnen Zve-leburad aqtiur moRvaweobas. 2005 wlidan isini kvlav ikribebian ganaxlebuli ZalebiT _ axali wevrebiTa da gamravalferovnebuli repertuariT. swored am dros dairqves saxelic – ,,saTanao~, rac sulxan-saba orbelianis leqsikonis mixedviT, `Tangauyarad saTa-naos, Tanwarsatans~ niSnavs. qarTul sim-Rera-galobasTan swored amgvarma damo-

kidebulebam gansazRvra ansamblisaTvis saxelis SerCeva. ansamblis wevrTagan umravlesoba mu-sikosia, galobs taZarSi da, amavdro-ulad, eweva saganmanaTleblo moRvawe-obas saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxeSi: ansamblis xelmZRvaneli tatiana megre-liZe _ profesiiT gundis diriJoria, qeTevan maTiaSvili _ musikismcodne, folkloristi, Tamar Tolordava _ mu-sikismcodne, Teoretikosi, nana mJavanaZe _ musikismcodne, istorikosi, lela uruSaZe _ xalxuri gundis lotbari, sa-eklesio gundis mgalobel-regenti, nino naneiSvili _ pianisti, saeklesio musikis mkvlevari, nino giorgobiani _ xelov-nebaTmcodne, ana Camgeliani _ gundis diriJori, ekaterine SoSiaSvili _ xal-xuri gundis lotbari, saeklesio gundis mgalobel-regenti, sofio megreliZe _ ekonom-geografi, qeTevan kakoiSvili _ gundis diriJori, TamTa jafariZe _ stomatologi.

ansamblis repertuari Zveli saar-qivo CanawerebiTa, da aseve, TviT ansamb-lis wevrTa mier mopovebuli saeqspedi-cio masaliT sazrdoobs da saqarTve-los sxvadasxva kuTxisa da Janris nimu-Sebs moicavs.

ansambls mkafiod gamoxatuli Se-moqmedebiTi principebi da mxatvruli saxe aqvs. simRera-galobis Tqmisas ,,saTanaos~ Tavisi mrwamsi da gamorCeu-li esTetika gaaCnia, rac gamoxatulia qarTuli simReris SemsruleblobaSi da-mkvidrebuli ori ZiriTadi mimdinareo-bis _ avTenturisa (xalxurad mRera) da `klasikurad~ wodebulis (profesiuli musikis saSemsruleblo principebis da-cva) SerwymiT.

,,saTanao~ did britaneTSi

15

ansamblis wevrebi, garda sagalob-lebisa, asruleben qalTa, mamakacTa, qa-laqur simRerebs, saferxuloebsa da sa-cekvaoebs. ukraven sxvadasxva xalxur sakravze _ Congurze, fandurze, Wunirze, Cangze, dairaze. cdiloben, gaacocxlon miviwyebuli simRerebi da variantebi.

ansambls ori kompaqt-diski aqvs gamocemuli _ 2008 da 2011 wels, xolo momdevno ori _ SotlandielTa dakveT-iT Cawerili akvnis nanebis saswavlo di-ski da `ieso tkbilis paraklisi~ _ gamo-sacemad aris gamzadebuli.

,,saTanao~ sagastrolo turiT ram-denjerme imyofeboda evropis sxvadasxva qveyanaSi:

2008 wlis ivnisSi ansamblma qalaq kiolniSi (germania) gamarTul festiva-lSi miiRo monawileoba, romelsac ad-gilobrivi presidan mohyva gamoxmaureba _ kiolnis radioSi Caiweres ansamblis interviu.

avstriuli organizaciis “Wiener

Volksliedwerks” miwveviT ,,saTanao~ orjer imyofeboda q. venaSi – 2008 wels da 2011 wlis seqtemberSi.

2010 wlis dekemberSi, ansambli arasruli SemadgenlobiT imyofeboda did britaneTSi, romelsac win uZRoda ,,saTanaos~ erT-erTi wevris, nana mJavana-Zis interviu BBC-is radios eTerSi.

2012 wlis maisSi inglisuri or-ganizacia “Geomusica”-s miwveviT, ,,saTana-om~ moawyo meore sakoncerto turne inglisSi.

momavali, 2014 wlisaTvis ansambli pirveli solo koncertis gamarTvas api-rebs. aseve, gegmavs `ieso tkbilis pa-raklisis~ diskis prezentacias. amave wlis 14-29 ivniss ki ansambl saTanaos sami wevri – tatiana megreliZe, nana mJavanaZe da Tamar Tolordava “Northern

Georgian Society”-is miwveviT kvlav estumre-bian ingliss, sadac monawileobas mi-iReben am organizaciis mier dagegmil master-klasebSi, koncertebsa da kultu-rul RonisZiebaTa seriaSi.

eka SoSiaSvili ansambl saTanaos wevri

eqspediciis dRiuri

mravalxmianobis kvlevis saerTaSoriso centris

eqspedicia pankisis xeobaSi

dRevandeli eTnomusikologiis mo-

Txovnebis Sesabamisad, SeuZlebelia qar-

Tuli xalxuri musikaluri Semoqmedebis

kvleva mezobeli da gansakuTrebiT kav-

kasiuri kulturis gauTvaliswineblad.

Tbilisis saxelmwifo konservatorias

yovelTvis mWiro kavSiri hqonda Crdi-

lokavkasiur respublikebTan, gansakuT-

rebiT, maTTvis kadrebis momzadebis Tva-

lsazrisiT, Tumca qarTul-kavkasiur mu-

sikalur urTierTobebs Tanmimdevrulad

mxolod ramdenime qarTveli mecnieri

ikvlevda (n. maisursaZe, m. SilakaZe).

kvlevis am mimarTulebis Semdgomi

ganviTareba tmksc-is erT-erT priorite-

tTagania.

swored am mizniT, mravalxmiano-bis kvlevis saerTaSoriso centrma kul-turisa da ZeglTa dacvis saministros finansuri mxardaWeriT 2013 wlis 3-16 agvistos savele eqspedicia moawyo pan-kisis xeobaSi, sadac Crdilokavkasie-lebi – CeCnebi anu, rogorc isini Tavi-anT Tavs uwodeben, qistebi cxovroben.

eqspediciis SemadgenlobaSi iyvnen: qeTevan baiaSvili (centris specialisti, eqspediciis xelmZRvaneli), nino razmaZe (centris specialisti), ilia jRarkava (xmis operatori), giorgi xuciSvili (ki-nooperatori da mZRoli).

eqspediciam moiara soflebi: dui-si, joyolo, omalo, birkiani, dumastu-ri, yvarelwyali, dedisferuli, qoreTi.

pankisis xeobis axlandeli mkvi-dri CeCnebi, inguSebTan erTad, vaina-xebad iwodebian. Tavis Tavs „noxCebs“ uwodeben. vainaxi maTsave enaze „Cvens xalxs~ niSnavs. isini am eTnonimiT Tavis Tavs danarCeni kavkasielebisgan gamoyo-fen. es ori xalxi kavkasiis Zireuli mosaxleobaa. maTi ena Crdilo kavkasi-uri enebis ojaxTa naxur jgufs mie-

16

kuTvneba. vainaxTa saqarTveloSi Tavdapir-veli dasaxleba dasturdeba Zv.w. aR. III s. mefe farnavazis Zis _ saurmagis dros. pankisis xeobaSi qistebis Camosaxleba TariRdeba XVIII-XIX saukuneebiT.

migrirebuli qistebis ZiriTadi nawili „mTuri religiis“ (warmarTobisa da qristianobis sinTezi) matarebeli yofila, 1886w. qristianuli misioneruli sazogadoebis mier bevri monaTlula qristianad. Semdeg ki paralelurad is-lami miuRiaT. arqimandrit anania ja-fariZis gamokvleviT, es procesi meoce saukunis 90-ian wlebamde gagrZelebula. dRes qistebi sunituri islamis mimdev-rebi arian, 20-e saukunis bolo aTwle-ulSi xeobaSi vahabistebi (islamis wiaR-Si warmoSobili seqta) ikideben fexs. isini ZiriTadad axalgazrdebi arian, romlebic sayveduroben da adanaSau-leben ufros Taobas arabuli enisa da yuranis arcodnaSi.

rac Seexeba qistebis identobas, isini ojaxur garemoSi mSobliur enaze metyveleben, ganaTlebas qarTul skole-bSi iReben, amdenad yvelam icis qarTu-li. eTnolog valerian iToniSvilis ga-mokvleviTac, qistebi orenovani xalxia. rac Seexeba mravalcolianobas, mkvlev-ris dakvirvebiT, es wesi Sesustebulia. eqspediciis masalebSi moipoveba ramde-nime qalis mier gamoTqmuli protesti am tradiciis mimarT.

dakrZalvis ceremonia

qalebi, rogorc islamis mimdev-rebi, alkohols ar ekarebian. Suaxans-miweulni da moxucebi TuTuns ewevian, mamakacebi _ Triaqs. bevri ojaxi axla groznoSia gadasaxlebuli samuSaod, magram sofelTan da xeobasTan kavSirs ar wyveten. isini siamayiT ixseneben Ta-

vis winaprebs, romlebic pankisis xeo-baSi arian dakrZaluli. zogadad, qis-tebi stumarTmoyvare da keTilganwyobi-li xalxia. Svilebs vaJkacobasa da uSi-Srobas unergaven. Zalian uyvarT cxeniT jiriTi. cxeni maT erovnul idento-basTan igivdeba. gverdigverd soflebSi saxloben osebi, aWarlebi, wova TuSebi da fSavlebi. maT Soris ZiriTadad ke-Tilmezobluri damokidebulebaa.

locvis procesi rac Seexeba qistebis musikalur

yofas, isini gamoxatulad vokaluri mravalxmiani kulturis matarebelTa rigs miekuTvnebian. instrumentuli musi-ka aSkarad CrdilSia. samwuxarod, eqspe-diciam versad miagno maT tradiciul saCxarunebel sakrav `fxawiCs“ an „deCik fondurs“. xalxs mexsierebaSi SemorCe-nili aqvs es sakravebi, magram fizikura-dac ki ar aRmoCnda arc erT ojaxSi. iseve, rogorc yvelgan, aqac gavrcele-bulia doli da garmoni.

eqspediciis mier Cawerilia erT-, or- da samxmiani simRerebi. mraval-xmianobis tipi aq, ZiriTadad, burdonu-lia. metad saintereso formebi SeiniS-neba maTi RvTismsaxurebis dros Sesas-rulebel ZiqrebSi, romelTa kvleva bevr saintereso Sres warmoaCens.

rogorc aRvniSneT, pankisis xeob-aSi CeCnebTan erTad cxovroben osebi, aWarlebi, wova TuSebi da fSavlebi. eqs-pedicia aseve dainteresda sxvadasxva eTnikuri warmomavlobis jgufebis musi-kaluri integraciis, difuziisa da asi-milaciis sakiTxebiTa da saerTo musi-kalur yofaSi konservaciisa da inovaci-ebis moqmedeba-gavrcelebis procesebiT.

amitomac metad mniSvnelovani iyo musikalurTan erTad sxva monaTesave dargebis nimuSTa moZiebac. Cawerilia

17

zepirsityvieri (leqsebi, moTxrobebi, legendebi), istoriuli, qoreografiuli, eTnologiuri, msoflmxedvelobrivi, re-ligiuri masalebi, SeZlebisdagvarad, Ja-nruli mravalferovnebis gaTvaliswine-biT: yofiTi, samonadireo, saero da sa-suliero, sagloveli, Sromis, salaRo-bo, bavSvTa dasaZinebeli, salalao, ma-giuri, samkurnalo, amindis marTvis, mwyemsuri da sxva Janrebis musikaluri nimuSebi. sxvaTa Soris, Cawerilia aqamde ucnobi wisqvilSi saTqmeli avi sulebis gasafrTxobi, tyeSi qalebis wasvlisas saTqmeli, omSi mimavali vaJebis dalo-cva, mwyemsis usalamurod stvena. aseve srulad gadaRebulia ramazanis gax-snilebisa da glovis ritualebi.

eqspediciaSi Cawerilia 300 mgb. odenobis masala, romlis damuSaveba amJamad mimdinareobs Tbilisis saxel-mwifo konservatoriis mravalxmianobis kvlevis saerTaSoriso centrSi. pankisis eqspediciis masalebis prezentacia Sedga 16 oqtombers Tbili-sis saxelmwifo konservatoriis didi darbazis foieSi.

qeTevan baiaSvili,

eTnomusikologi, tmksc-is specialisti, ilias saxelmwifo universitetis

doqtoranti

ucxouri folkloruli ansambli sutartinesis Semsrulebeli

jgufi `tris keturioze~

jgufi `tris keturioze~ (daina norvaiSite, egle sereiCikiene, rima vi-sakiene, daiva viCiniene da audrone Jili-nskiene) asrulebs litvur unikalur mravalxmian simRerebs – sutartiness. am simRerebs litvuri folkloris sxva ni-muSebisgan ganasxvavebs sekundebis mra-vlad gameoreba, xmaTa Caxveva, ritmuli suraTis aqcentireba da ori gansxvave-buli teqstis (ZiriTadisa da misamRe-ris) erTdrouli JRera.

sutartinesis nimuSi

saxelwodeba sutartines nawarmo-ebia zmnidan `sutarti~, rac SeTanxmebas, harmonias niSnavs. mis Sesrulebas marT-lac sWirdeba harmoniulobis gansakuT-rebuli SegrZneba Semsruleblebis mxri-dan, sutartinesis erTad mReris Cveva. SemTxveviTi araa, rom uZvelesi droidan sutartiness asrulebs patara jgufi (2-4 qali). yvelaze misaRebia sutartinesis Sesrulebis sami momenti: dveines _ `wy-vilTa Sesruleba~ (ori momRerlis kon-trapunqti), treines _ `sameulis Sesru-

18

leba~ (sami momRerlis mkacri kanoni) da keturines _ `oTxTa Sesruleba~ (dawy-vilebuli momRerlebis antifonuri kon-trapunqti).

jgufi `tris keturioze~

dRes, litvis soflebSi sutarti-

nesi aRar sruldeba. am tradicias sxva-dasxva qalaquri folkloruli jgufebi inarCuneben.

1982 wels daiva raCiunaite-viCi-nienem mikaloius konstantinas Ciurli-onisis xelovnebis skolaSi Camoayaliba sutartinesis Semsrulebeli pirveli jgufi. mogvianebiT jgufis Semadgen-loba Seicvala. `tris keturioze~ (`sami oTxSi~) aris misamReris sityvebi, rom-lebic iumoriT gadmogvcems am jgufis zogjer cvalebad da zogjer ucvlel Semadgenlobas (sadac xan sami, xan oTxi Semsrulebelia). jgufs aqvs tradiciu-li repertuaris Sesrulebis didi gamo-cdileba, is ar axdens 1935-1937 wlebis saarqivo Canawerebis kopirebas, aramed cdilobs, SeinarCunos sutartinesis av-Tenturi JReradoba.

daiva raCiunaite-viCiniene Semsruleblebi cdiloben, Cawvd-

nen am arqauli tradiciis enas, gamosca-don Rrma sulieri da esTetikuri grZno-ba da es emociebi dRevandel msmenelam-de miitanon. isini, aseve, cdiloben miu-axlovdnen Tanamedrove xelovnebas da iTanamSromlon kompozitorebTan (algi-das martinaitisi, ritis maJula, anton lukoJevieze, remigius markelisi da sxv.) da media xelovanebTan (iurgita treinite-iore). proeqtSi `lino laikas~ (`selis dro~) sutartinesi organuladaa Serwymuli media xelovnebasTan.

sutartinesis Sesrulebis yvelaze sasurveli formaa tradiciuli simRera instrumentuli Tanxlebis gareSe (suta-rtinesis Tanamedrove interprettaciaSi Cveulebrivi movlenaa sxvadasxvagvari akompanementi – folk-roki, folk-jazi, da sxv.). mxolod a kapela Sesruleba iZ-leva erTmaneTis xmis mosmenis, ritmuli pulsaciebis, marcvlis warmoTqmis, saer-To `sunTqvisa~ da gansakuTrebuli har-moniis Seqmnis SesaZleblobas.

`tris keturioze~ monawileobda xalxuri da Tanamedrove musikis saerTa-Soriso festivalebSi (avstria, belgia, estoneTi, saqarTvelo, iaponia, aSS, la-tvia, poloneTi, niderlandebi, ruseTi, serbeTi, germania da sxv.).

CD, DVD:

Sutartinės: polifoninės dainos. Lietuvių tradicinė muzika

`sutartinesi: polifoniuri simRerebi. lit-

vuri tradiciuli musika~ (CD, 1998);

19

Kokių giedosim, kokių sutarysim? sutartinesis ni-

muSebi. Semdgeneli daiva raCiunaite-viCiniene

(wigni da CD, 2004);

Lino laikas. wignis avtori daiva viCiniene, me-

dia artis avtori iurgita treinite-iore

(wigni da DVD, 2008);

Kadu buva, kadujo. sutartinesis nimuSebi. Sem-

dgeneli daiva raCiunaite-viCiniene (wigni da

CD, 2012);

Kas tar taka (CD, 2012).

daiva raCiunaite-viCiniene

xelovnebaTmcodneobis doqtori, litvis musikaluri akademiis eTnomusi-

kologiis kaTedris gamge, docenti

qarTuli simReris moamageebi

ivane margiani (1872-1933)

ivane margiani ivane margiani zemo svaneTSi, mu-

laxis Temis sofel muJalSi mRvdlis ojaxSi daibada. swavlobda jer quTa-isis gimnaziasa da sasuliero saswavle-belSi, Semdeg Tbilisis seminariaSi.

1898-99 ww. igi mRvdlad akurTxes, ris Semdegac aqtiur sasuliero moRva-weobas eweoda svaneTis sxvadasxva so-felSi, imavdroulad aswavlida soflis samrevlo skolebSic. man aago 4 axali da ganaaxla 9 Zveli eklesia; iyo saqar-Tvelos samociqulo eklesiis 1917 da 1920 ww. krebebis aqtiuri monawile.

sasuliero moRvaweobis parale-lurad ivane margiani nayofierad Tana-

mSromlobda qarTul Jurnal-gazeTeb-Tan. mis werilebs periodulad aqveyneb-dnen gazeTebi: `iveria~, `droeba~, `mog-zauri~, `cnobis furceli~, `moambe~, `mwyemsi~, `Sinauri saqmeebi~. avtoris na-azrevSi sami ZiriTadi mimarTuleba ikve-Teba: svaneTsa da leCxumSi marTlma-didebluri qristianuli religiis gan-mtkiceba; zrunva mSobliuri kuTxis mo-saxleobis socialuri pirobebis, same-dicino momsaxurebisa da ganaTlebis ga-umjobesebaze, gzebis gayvanaze; erTiani qarTuli TviTSegnebisaTvis brZola, rac svaneTis skolebSi qarTuli enis swavlebaSi, taZarSi wirva-locvis qar-Tulad warmarTvaSi, svanuris enis fuZe-qarTulidan momdinareobis mecnierul dasabuTebaSi gamoixata.

ivane margiani meuRlesTan erTad 1903 w. ivane margianis avtoritetsa

da sazogadoebriv aqtiurobaze miuTi-Tebs is, rom igi megzurobas uwevda po-lievqtos karbelaSvils svaneTis kul-turisa da istoriis Sesaswavlad orga-nizebul eqspediciaSi, xolo 1910 w. eqv-Time TayaiSvilis arqeologiur eqspedi-cias axlda leCxumsa da svaneTSi.

ivane margianis mravalmxrivi saq-mianobis gansakuTrebulobas mis sasuli-ero da sazogadoebriv asparezze moRva-weobasTan, publicistur-literaturul, saistorio-eTnologiur, enaTmecnierul ZiebebTan erTad, qarTuli tradiciuli musikis Sekrebisa da popularizaciis saqmeSi Setanili udidesi wvlilic ga-

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nsazRvravs. kerZod, 1928 wels ivane mar-gianma svaneTSi Camoayaliba pirveli fo-lkloruli ansambli, romelic bevri svanuri simRerisaTvis tipuri saferxu-lo Sesrulebis wesis gamo simRerisa da cekvis ansamblad moixsenieboda. sabWoTa periodis oficialuri presa da media ansamblis xelmZRvanelad murzayan da-deSqelians asaxelebs, magram saojaxo fotoebi da sxva dokumentebi adastu-reben, rom ivane margianis dapatimre-bamde murzayan dadeSqeliani gundis ri-giTi wevri iyo da administratoris fun-qciasac asrulebda. SemdgomSi am ko-leqtivs platon dadvani Caudga saTa-veSi da ivane margianis _ politpatimris saxelis xseneba aRaravis ucdia. arada, swored ivane margianma moiZia, aRadgina da dakargvas gadaarCina mravali svanu-ri simRera, cekva da saeklesio sagalo-beli.

margians Tavisi 18 kaciani ansamb-li TbilisSi da sabWoTa kavSiris sxva qalaqebSic (erevani, moskovi, leningra-di) hyolia gastrolebze. 1928 wlis ga-zeTebSi es gamosvlebi sakmaod vrcla-daa gaSuqebuli. xazgasmiTaa aRniSnuli svaneTidan pirvelad Camosuli ansamb-lis repertuaris arqauloba, Janruli Taviseburebebi (sagmiro Tematikis pri-oriteti) saSemsruleblo maneris gansa-kuTrebuloba, sakravebze (Cangsa da Wu-nirze) dakvris ostatoba. rusi musikis-mcodneebis yuradReba miuqcevia `svanuri musikis koloritul, evropulisagan gan-sxvavebul harmonias, zogjer yurismom-Wrel, disonirebul bgeraTSeTanxmebebs, sinqronul-paralelur svlebs, diato-nur kilour safuZvels, martiv ritmsa da daxvewil, sada faqturas~ (sergei bo-guslavski). zogierT statiaSi sagange-bod aris ganxiluli svanuri qoreogra-fia. `saferxulo mwyobris uzado sizu-ste kordebaletsac ki daamSvenebdao~, _ wers vinme v. ivingi. sxvaTa Soris, ivanes SviliSvils, Tamaz leJavas svaneTSi yofnisas tyeSi erTi adgili aCvenes, sa-dac lotbari gunds avarjiSebda. Tana-medroveTa gadmocemiT, calkeuli moZ-raobebis SezRudva-dafiqsirebisaTvis, Turme, Tokebic ki hqonia gabmuli.

moskovSi yofnisas ansamblis re-pertuari firfitaze CauweriaT. anzor erqomaiSvilma jerjerobiT mxolod 8 nimuSis moZieba SeZlo.

aSkaraa, rom ivane margiani didi ilias sulieri memkvidre, misi samoq-medo devizis _ `mamuli, ena, sarwmuno-eba~ WeSmariti mimdevari da cxovrebaSi realurad gamtarebeli yofila. misi memkvidreoba dResac aqtualuria, radgan antiglobalistur ganwyobasac asaxavs: `kargi is aris, roca xalxi vardiviT Signidan ifurCqneba, izrdeba da ara ga-redan iwebebs aTasnair _ mis bunebasTan Seuxamebel zne-Cveulebebs~, _ werda Ta-vis erT-erT werilSi.

dReisaTvis Cvens xelT arsebuli masala cxadyofs, rom gasuli saukunis 20-iani wlebis bolos zemo svaneTSi rCeuli momReral-mocekvaveebisa da sak-ravebze damkvrelebis Tavmoyra, sakon-certo programis momzadeba, gastrole-bis organizeba da farTo sazogado-ebisaTvis svanuri xalxuri Semoqmedebis gacnoba ivane margianis damsaxurebaa.

1931 w. mTavrobasTan uTanxmoebis gamo ivane margiani daapatimres. arc misi ojaxis wevrebis represirebas moe-ridnen. amis Semdeg man mxolod ori weli icocxla. ivane margiani 61 wlis asakSi gardaicvala. dakrZalulia veris sasaflaoze.

nino kalandaZe musikologiis doqtori,

ilias saxelmwifo universitetis asocirebuli profesori

saqarTvelos kulturisa da mecnierebis kerebi

saqarTvelos musikis, kinos, Teatrisa da qoreografiis

muzeumi

saqarTvelos musikis, kinos, Teatrisa da qoreografiis muzeumi Cveni kulturis umniSvnelovanesi siZveleTsa-cavia. muzeumi ganTavsebulia dedaqa-laqis erT-erT ulamazes SenobaSi, ro-melic 1895 wels aSenda. Senobis avtoria cnobili arqiteqtori paul fridrixis Ze Sterni. nageboba islamuri goTikis

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saukeTeso nimuSia. samsarTuliani koSki, maRali qongurebi, lamazad gaformebu-li karnizebi, Ria terasa da cicabod aziduli saxuravi mas uCveulo, Tbili-sisaTvis naklebad damaxasiaTebel silu-ets aZlevs. am Senobis agebas erTi sa-intereso legenda axlavs. gadmocemis mi-xedviT, igi germanelma princma, ruseTis imperatoris nikoloz II-is naTesavma, konstantine oldenburgelma qarTvel qa-lbatons agrafina jafariZe-dadians au-Sena. princma agrafina 1882 wels saqar-TveloSi, kerZod, qalaq quTaisSi gaic-no. qali am droisaTvis samegrelos Ta-vadis tariel dadianis meuRle iyo.

saqarTvelos Teatris, musikis, kinosa da qoreografiis muzeumis Senoba

oldenburgi imdenad moixibla am qalbatonis mSvenierebiT, rom misi oja-xuri mdgomareoba da XIX saukuneSi sa-qarTvelosa da evropaSi damkvidrebuli tradiciebi arad Caagdo da agrafinas meuRles tariel dadians colis sanacv-lod fuli SesTavaza. megrelma Tavadma agrafina ucxoelisTvis gaimeta da mas-Tan ganqorwinebas dasTanxmda. oldenbu-rgelis mxurvale grZnobam agrafinas qmaric daaviwya da movaleobac. Seyvare-bulebma quTaisi datoves da sacxovreb-lad TbilisSi gadmovidnen. princma sat-rfos axladnayid miwaze ulamazesi sa-saxle auSena.

mogvianebiT swored am sasaxleSi ganTavsda saqarTvelos Teatris, musi-kis, kinosa da qoreografiis saxelmwifo muzeumi.

muzeumi 1927 wels daaarsa didma qarTvelma sazogado moRvawem daviT ar-seniSvilma (1905-1963). dRes is profiliT erTaderTia kavkasiaSi, xolo koleqciis simdidriT _ msoflio mniSvnelobis mu-zeumebis Tanatoli. aq daculi 300 aTas-

ze meti eqsponati TiTqmis amomwurav informacias gvawvdis qarTuli Teatris, musikis, kinos, cirkis, xalxuri Semoq-medebis Sesaxeb. muzeumSi inaxeba sain-tereso masalebi msoflio kinoindustr-iisa da saceno xelovnebis sxva dargebi-s Sesaxeb.

samuzeumo eqsponatebi antikuri periodidan iwyeba. es gaxlavT qalaq vanSi (dasavleT saqarTvelo) arqeo-logiuri gaTxrebis dros aRmoCenili antikuri niRabi. memorialur da xelov-nebis nimuSTa fondi 900-ze met uZvir-fases eqsponats moicavs. aq warmod-genilia qarTvel da ucxoel xelovanTa piradi relikviebi. mniSvnelovania Zvir-fasi liTonebisagan damzadebuli warCi-nebis niSnebis da Teatraluri, kino da qoreografiuli kostumebis didi koleq-cia. aq gamorCeulia momReral sandro inaSvilis kostumebi, romelTagan erT-erTi milanSi sagangebod damzadda; esaa toreadoris kostumi speqtaklidan „kar-meni“romelic oqros ZafebiT moqarguli ornamentebis siuxviT gamoirCeva. fondSi daculia msoflio donis xelovanTa ise-Ti nivTebi, rogorebicaa, magaliTad, ma-ia pliseckaias puantebi misive avtogra-fiT, (igi muzeums sergo farajanovma usaxsovra), aseve, nino ananiaSvilis pu-antebi avtografiT.

saxviTi xelovnebis, ferwerisa da grafikis fondSi daculia 300-ze meti qarTveli mxatvris 10 000-mde eqsponati, rac srulad warmoaCens qarTuli Teat-ris mxatvrobis istorias. fondSi da-culi koleqcia Sedgeba Teatralur mo-RvaweTa ferweruli portretebis, deko-raciebisa da kostiumebis eskizebis, gra-fikuli kompoziciebis, iranuli miniatu-rebis, franguli da germanuli gravi-urebis, feradi liTografiebis nimuSe-bisgan. aRsaniSnavia, rom fondSi dacu-lia XX saukunis dasawyisSi peterbur-gSi Camoyalibebuli `mir iskusstvos~ gaerTianebaSi Semavali mxatvrebis, e.w. rusuli mxatvrobis `vercxlis saukunis~ warmomadgenlebis _ konstantine korovi-nis, lev baqstis, aleqsandre benuas, al-eqsandre golovinis da viqtor simovis namuSevrebi.

xelnawerTa ganyofileba 160 fon-disagan Sedgeba da moicavs saqarTvelo-Si arsebuli yvela Teatris Sesaxeb Se-monaxul dokumentebs, programebs, sxva-dasxva moRvaweTa pirad xelnawerebsa da

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Canaxatebs. aRniSnuli koleqcia 1961 wlidan gamudmebiT ivseba.

sakmaod mdidari da mravalric-xovania muzeumis biblioTekisa da ra-riterul gamocemaTa fondi. masSi da-culia 32 000-mde eqsponati. fondis Zi-riTadi nawili Sedgeba wignebisagan qar-Tul da rusul enebze Teatris, kinos, musikis, qoreografiis, xelovnebis, is-toriis da religiis Sesaxeb. daculia, aseve, mxatvruli literatura, enciklo-pediebi, leqsikonebi, piesebi. fondSi inaxeba samasamde sanoto wigni, aseve, sxvadasxva dasaxelebis Jurnal-gazeTebi. unikalur saganZurs warmoadgens sasax-lis mkvidrTa wignadi koleqcia, ro-melic dadianebisa da oldenburgelebis biblioTekis nawils warmoadgens. gamo-cemebi 1633-1639 wlebiT TariRdeba.

foto da fotonegativebis fondSi 100 000-mde eqsponatia daculi. es aris qarTuli Teatris, musikis, kinosa da qo-reografiis istoriis amsaxveli masala XIX saukunis II naxevridan dRemde. um-didres fotomasalasTan erTad fondSi daculia unikaluri minis negativebi, romlebzec aRbeWdilia qarTuli da uc-xouri Teatris, musikis, kinosa da qo-reografiis ganviTarebis istoria. aqve inaxeba msaxiobTa da reJisorTa piradi arqivebi.

gramfirfitebis fondSi Tavmoyri-lia muzeumis erT-erTi umdidresi ko-leqcia: fondSi daculi 2503 eqsponati asaxavs saqarTveloSi audiomatareble-bis ganviTarebis istorias. uZvelesi fi-rfitebis gverdiT aq inaxeba yvelaze cnobili xmisCamweri studiebis Disco Pate-s, Concert Report-isa da Gramaphone-is mier Cawerili cvilis lilvakebi, firfitebi, audiokasetebi da Tanamedrove kompaqt-diskebi. fondi moicavs saopero, saTeat-ro, kino, radio da satelevizio audio da video masalas. daculia saopero xe-lovnebis ubadlo SemsrulebelTa fir-fitebi, aseve radiospeqtaklebis Canawe-rebi, sagaloblebi, cvilis lilvakebze Cawerili eqspediciis masalebi.

saafiSo fondi muzeumis daarse-bisTanave Seiqmna da masSi 70 000-ze meti eqsponatia daculi. gansakuTrebiT mniSv-nelovania revoluciamdeli da revolu-ciis Semdgomi periodis saopero Teat-ris fondi, romelic 1871 wlidan dRemde periods moicavs. am fondSi daculi afiSebi gansakuTrebul Rirebulebas wa-

rmoadgens, radgan 1973 wels xanZris Sedegad operisa da baletis Teatris muzeumi mTlianad ganadgurda da sa-cavebSi daculi afiSebis didi nawili Cvenamde Semonaxuli erTaderTi egzemp-larebia.

(muzeumis veb-gverdia: www.artpalace.ge)

qarTuli simReris ucxoeli Semsruleblebi

trio `jamaTa~ safrangeTidan

trio `jamaTa~ Seiqmna 2011 wels bretanSi (Crdilo-dasavleT safrangeTi). jgufis ori wevri ukve didi xania mRe-ris qarTul simRerebs. trios uyvars pa-tara auditoriis winaSe gamosvla, vi-naidan am dros msmeneli ukeT Seigr-Znobs qarTuli mravalxmiani simRerebis Sesrulebisas warmoqmnil uCveulo vi-bracias. isini aseve mRerian sufrebze da gamudmebiT mowuwune frangebs acno-ben qarTvelebis dadebiT damokidebule-bas sadRegrZeloebis mimarT...

trio `jamaTa~ loran Stefani, msaxiobi, momRe-rali, simRerisa da Teatraluri pedago-gi, qarTul polifonias 1996 wlidan mReris. am drois ganmavlobaSi lorani 12-jer iyo saqarTveloSi, da qarTul kulturas, enasa da xalxur simRerebs swavlobda qarTveli lotbarebis dax-marebiT. misi pedagogebi iyvnen ediSer garayaniZe, vaJa gogolaZe, oTar berZe-niSvili, polikarpe xubulava, nato zum-

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baZe, malxaz erqvaniZe, islam da naTela filfanebi, tristan da guri sixaru-liZeebi, levan abaSiZe, zaza TamaraS-vili, besik WiTanava... 1996 wlidan lorani ansambl `mara-nis~ wevria, romelic xSirad iwvevs qarTvel momRerlebs safrangeTSi. amJa-mad ansambls tariel vaCaZe xelmZRvane-lobs. Llorans Cawerili aqvs 1 ko-mpaqturi diski ansambl `maranTan~ er-Tad da 2 diski ansambl `mze SinasTan~ erTad. es jgufi 1997 wels man TviTon daaarsa da 2009 wlamde mis Semadgen-lobaSi marTavda koncertebsa da mas-ter-klasebs safrangeTsa da dasavleT evropis sxva qveynebSi. 2004 wels `mze Sinam~ monawileoba miiRo tradiciuli mravalxmianobis meore saerTaSoriso si-mpoziumis sakoncerto programaSi, xo-lo loranma simpoziumze warmoadgina moxseneba `ratom mRerian ucxoelebi qa-rTul simRerebs?~ evelain loSu momRerali da peda-gogia. mas uyvars enebis Seswavla da mogzaurobs, raTa Seiswavlos msoflios tradiciuli simRerebi. 20 wlis asakSi is moixibla idumali da TiTqmis mun-juri qarTuli filmiT da kidev ufro metad _ unikaluri qarTuli anbaniT, romelsac ekranze uyurebda; 2003 wels ansambl `mze Sinas~ mier mowyobil mas-ter-klasebze ki dainteresda qarTuli mravalxmiani simRerebiT. Aam ansamblis-gan man bevri iswavla. misi pedagogebi aseve iyvnen: nato zumbaZe, Tamar buaZe, ansambli `nanina~, ansambli `pankisi~. 2008 wels evelainma Seqmna qalTa trio `izvani~ romelic asrulebda balkanur da kavkasiur tradiciul musikas. 2010 wlidan is loranTan erTad atarebs master-klasebs qarTul simReraSi, bevrs mogzaurobs da mudam cdilobs aRmoa-Cinos axali xalxi da axali saunje. qve-ynebs Soris manZilisa da siaxlovis SegrZnebis mizniT man 2010 wlis maisSi avto stopiT imogzaura da erT Tvis Se-mdeg saqarTvelo-TurqeTis sazRvarze Sexvda lorans. Mis ukve samjer stumro-bda saqarTvelos, da yoveli misi stum-roba axali Tavgadasavali iyo.

trio `jamaTa~ VI simpoziumze

estel bograndi TviTnaswavli momReralia, mravalricxovanma master-klasebma da mogzaurobam gaaRviva misi interesi, Sexvedroda bevr cnobil ada-mians.

esteli 2008 wlidan scenazea. Tav-dapirvelad trio `izvanis~ Semadgenlo-baSi da 2010 wlidan rogorc kvartet `ildizis~ (Turquli da balkanuri mu-sika) solisti. man qarTuli simRerebi gaicno 2003 wels `mze Sinas~ master-klasebis dros. estels am simRerebis mosmenaze metad maTi Sesruleba uyvars.

2012 wels is pirvelad stumrobda saqarTvelos Tbilisis 6 saerTaSoriso simpoziumSi monawileobis mizniT.

2012 wels trio `jamaTa~ didi warmatebiT gamovida TbilisSi, tradiciuli mravalxmianobis

VI saerTaSorisio simpoziumze. vusurvebT mas Semdgom warmatebebs!

giorgi garayaniZis saxelobis folkloruli da

sasuliero musikis baTumis VIII saerTaSoriso festivali da samecniero konferencia

29, 30 da 31 oqtombers qalaq ba-Tumis meriam da baTumis xelovnebis uni-versitetis musikis fakultetma ukve me-rved umaspinZles folkloruli da sa-suliero musikis saerTaSoriso festiva-ls (organizatorebi: xelovnebis univer-sitetis musikis fakultetis profesore-bi _ xaTuna managaZe da qeTevan gogola-Ze, amave universitetis kursdamTavrebu-

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li _ eTnomusikologiis magistri _ lo-lita surmaniZe da meriis warmomadge-neli Tamaz nikoleiSvili). Tavdapirve-lad festivali mcire masStabebiT daiw-yo, TandaTan popularuli gaxda da masSi monawileobis msurvelTa wre sul ufro farTovdeba.

festivalis mizania xalxuri da sasuliero musikis axalgazrda Semsru-lebelTa sazogadoebisTvis wardgena da gacnoba, swored amitomac festivals aqvs ukve Tavisi principi: masSi erTxel monawile ansambli meored aRar mona-wileobs. 2012 wels baTumis festivals udrood wasuli axalgazrda eTnomusi-kologis, giorgi garayaniZis saxeli mi-eniWa. amitomac mas SarSanac da welsac ansambli „mTiebi“ da saymawvilo studia „amer-imeri“ stumrobda (am orive ansam-blis xelmZRvaneli gigi garayaniZe iyo).

festivalis sakoncerto programa

baTumis saerTaSoriso forumi sa-mecniero konserencias, folklorul ko-ncertebsa da kinoCvenebas moicavs. samecniero konferencia moxsene-baTa mravalmxrivi, SeuzRudavi da mrav-lismomcveli TematikiT gamoirCeva. kon-ferencia gaixsna giorgi garayaniZis me-tad saintereso moxsenebiT „mTvaris kultmsaxurebis cocxali naSTi da war-marTuli RvTaebis niSan-simbolo“, rome-lic avtoris bavSvobis megobarma da studia „amer-imeris~ aRzrdilma, axla ukve ansambl `mTiebis“ wevrma, jokia gugavam waikiTxa.

samecniero sesia

„mTiebis“ axlandel Taobas ke-TilSobiluri survili amoZravebs _ sa-zogadoebas gaacnos maTi udrood da-karguli megobris _ gigi garayaniZis me-tad seriozuli samecniero memkvidreoba. konferenciaSi monawileobdnen baTumis konferenciis Zveli megobrebi _ ilias universitetis asocirebuli profeso-rebi, eTnomusikologebi _ nino kalanda-Ze-maxaraZe da Tamaz gabisonia; Tbilisis saxelmwifo konservatoriis asocirebu-li profesori, kompozitori eka WabaS-vili; xelovnebaTmcodneobis doqtori, Teatraluri universitetis profesori _ TinaTin Wabukiani, ilias universitetis doqtoranti sofo kotrikaZe, Tbilisis saxelmwifo konservatoriis studenti Sorena metreveli, konservatoriis mra-valxmianobis kvlevis saerTaSoriso cen-tris specialisti, eTnomusikologi qe-Tevan baiaSvili. aseve, ori momxsenebeli TurqeTidan: qalaq baTmanis universi-tetis musikis fakultetis kaTedris gam-ge, xelovnebaTmcodneobis kandidati, ko-mpozitori rohad jebe da amave univer-sitetis dekanis moadgile, aseve baqos musikaluri akademiis docenti, xelovne-baTmcodneobis kandidati seiran gafar-zade, litvis literaturisa da folk-loris institutis TanamSromeli ruta Jaskene, ukrainis lisenkos saxelobis musikaluri akademiis aspiranti tatiana teslia.

Tanamedrove eTnomusikologiaSi sul ufro did adgils ikavebs dokumen-turi, samecniero, eTnografiuli fil-mebi, amitomac baTumis festivalebis mim-dinareobaSi ukve tradiciad damkvidrda maTi Cveneba, rac moxsenebebis dasas-ruls ewyoboda. gasul festivalze na-Cvenebi iyo filmebi: soso sturuas „me-qvevreni“, givi naxucriSvilis `xixaZiris xeobis ialaRebze“, giorgi kakabaZis

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„wmida antonis monasteri~ da misive `ax-almowameni“.

29 oqtombers, moewyo maia gela-Svilis sabavSvo wignis „mxiaruli da braziani batonebis“ prezentacia. es wig-ni bavSvTa infeqciuri daavadebebis sim-ReriT gankurnebis tradiciebzea, romel-sac ansambl „naninas“ mier Sesrulebuli sxvadasxva kuTxis samkurnalo iavnanebis kompaqt diski mohyveba da SesaniSnavi sa-Cuqaria patarebisTvisac da axalgazrda dedebisTvisac.

rac Seexeba safestivalo koncer-tebs, programa mravalferovani iyo. erT-maneTs cvlidnen adgilobrivi, aWaruli da saqarTvelos sxva kuTxeTa ansamble-bi, litvelTa, ingliselTa, ukrainelTa qarTuli da eTnikuri folkloris Sem-srulebeli jgufebi. aSkarad igrZnobo-da avTenturi Semsruleblobis upirate-soba da tradiciuli eTnikuri kulture-bisadmi Tanamedrove Semsruleblobis jansaRi, mecnierulad gaazrebuli damo-kidebuleba. gansakuTrebulad dasamaxso-vrebeli litvuri ansambli „diuta“ iyo.

ansambli `diuta~

CvenTvis, qarTveli eTnomusikolo-gebisTvis, karga xania cnobilia kole-gisa da axla ukve saqveynod saxelgan-Tqmuli Semsrulebel-mkvlevris, daiva raCiunaite-viCinienes Semoqmedeba da Rva-wli litvur xalxur musikalur tradi-ciaSi sutartinesis (sekundebiT mReris) Seswavla-aRdgenis saqmeSi. ruta Jaskene ki axla gavicaniT, man araCveulebrivad kompaqturad moaxerxa mayureblisaTvis litvuri xalxuri musikis sakravieri, sasimRero, sacekvao da saferxulo, ase-ve sxvadasxva Janrisa da litvis sxva-dasxva kuTxisTvis damaxasiaTebeli nimu-Sebi eCvenebina. maTi avTenturi Sesrule-bis manera da kostumebic samagaliTo iyo.

didi britaneTidan festivals ori ansambli stumrobda: `Tabuni“ da `maspin-Zeli“. es ansamblebi qarTveli msmenele-bisTvis ukve kargad nacnobi da axlo-belia. amitomac maT gamoCenas mayurebe-li ovaciiT Sexvda.

ansambli `Tabuni~

Zalian sasixaruloa, rom iyvnen ansamblebi adgilobrivi (aWaruli) da saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxidan. maga-liTad, am festivalze Sedga ansambl „bolnelas“ debiuti. es gaxlavT qalTa ansambli bolnisidan. maT folkloris saxelmwifo centri da misi TanamSro-meli, gamocdili pedagogi da eTnomusi-kologi nana valiSvili xelmZRvanelobs. aseve axalbeda iyo ilias universitetis studentTa ansambli (xelmZRvaneli Ta-maz gabisonia). miuxedavad arsebobis mcire xnisa, maT sakmaod didi da rTu-li repertuari aqvT aTvisebuli. isic gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom ansamblis wev-rebi saxvadasxva fakultetis studen-tebi arian. sagangebo aRniSvnis Rirsia zugdidis „odoia“ polikarpe xubulavas xelmZRva-nelobiT. batoni polikarpe xubulava qa-rTuli simReris namdvili raindia, igi 50 welze metia, rac am saqmes emsaxureba muxlCauxrelad. msmeneli moxibla misma energiulma da SemarTebulma gamosvlam. amJamad igi 90 welsaa mitanebuli da kvlav axalgazrduli SemarTebiT agrZe-lebs moRvaweobas. ansambli `odoia~

Camosuli stumrebisTvis namdvili aRmoCena baTumis Tamar mefis taZris mgalobelTa gundi iyo. maT gasaocari ostatobiT Seasrules rogorc saga-

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loblebi, aseve xalxuri simRerebi. qe-dis raionis qalTa ansambli „iagundi“ aWaruli simRerebis kargi SesrulebiTa da adgilobrivi repertuariT gamoirCe-oda. Zalian kargad daamaxsovrda msmenels wina festivalebidan ansambli „aidio“ lolita surmaniZis xelmZRvane-lobiT. baTumuri vaJTa ansambli „ferri-cvalebac“ Rirseulad warsdga festi-valze. Zalian dasafasebelia am biWebis swori saSemsruleblo orientacia da maRali saSemsruleblo done.

da bolos, festivali gaxsna da

daxura ansamblma „mTiebma“. samwuxarod, veravin Senatrebs am ansambls bediT. ramdenadac es gogo-biWebi beds umad-lian iseT did pedagogebTan mravalwl-iani urTierTobis gamo, rogoric ediSer da nino garayaniZeebi iyvnen, imdenad tr-agikulia maTi bolo wlebis gamocdi-leba. magram didi mniSvneloba swored maT bavSvobis wlebSi miRebul sulier da gnebavT, fizikur wrTobas aqvs, maT kvlav ipoves Zala _ ediSeris, marikas, ninos, gigis Semdeg maTi naanderZevi gza gaegrZelebinaT. isini kvlav dadgnen scenaze da iTamaSes gigiseuli eTno-musikis Teatri, amjerad uimisod, gigi-saTvis.

ansambli `mTiebi~

darbazSi jer mowiwebis grZnobam daisadgura, Sesrulebas cremlic ax-lda, magram axlda sixarulic, imitom, rom kvlav gacocxlda xalxuri simRe-ris iSviaTi da miviwyebuli variantebi. ise, rogorc maT _ am ansamblis damaar-seblebs gauxardebodaT. aq gamoCnda xa-lxuri simReris kidev erTi, miviwyebuli funqcia _ es kaTarsisi iyo. albaT am festivalis daniSnulebac es iyo. mad-loba mis organizatorebs, momaval Sex-vedramde.

qeTevan baiaSvili,

eTnomusikologi, tmksc-is specialisti, ilias saxelmwifo universitetis

doqtoranti

Zveli presis furclebze Rvino da qarTuli sufrulebi

uZvelesi istoriuli wyaroebi qa-rTveluri modgmis tomebs miwaTmoq-medebad, mevenaxeebad da metalurgebad moixseniebs. samecniero literaturaSi araerTxel gamoTqmula mosazreba, rom vazis kulturis Tavdapirveli samSob-lo amierkavkasiaa. aRniSnuli problemis ganxilvisas ivane javaxiSvili gamut-qvamda mosazrebas, rom `mevenaxeobis erT mTavar centrTaganad uciloblad saqarTveloc unda iyos miCneuli~. aRsa-niSnavia, rom araqarTuli warmomavlo-bis uZveles legendebSic ki kulturuli vazis samSoblod amierkavkasia da misi mimdebare qveynebi moiazreba, rac kidev ufro gvimtkicebs azrs qarTuli meve-naxeobisa da meRvineobis Soreuli war-momavlobisa da mravalsaukunovani tra-diciebis Sesaxeb.

vazis kultura erT-erTi uZvele-sia saqarTveloSi da wminda sasmelTan erTad Tayvaniscemis sagnad iyo qceuli. qarTveli da vazi ganuyofel cnebebad aRiqmeboda ucxotomelTa mier. amitom iyo, rom yovelive qarTulis amoSanTvas dampyroblebi vazis aCexviT iwyebdnen. albaT, isic niSandoblivia, rom qarT-velTa ganmanaTlebelma wminda ninom mT-avari qristianuli simbolo _ jvari, swored vazis xisagan gaakeTa.

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saqarTvelo is qveyanaa, sadac ku-lturuli vazis mravalricxovani da sa-naqebo jiSia gamoyvanili, sadac xalxis mexsierebam vazis movlisa da Rvinis da-yenebis uZvelesi wesebi Semogvinaxa. ar arsebobs qarTveli kacis yofisa Tu sameurneo saqmianobis romelime sfero, romelTanac simRera ar iyos dakavSire-vuli. gamonaklisi arc mevenaxeoba da meRvineobaa. samwuxarod, axla versad na-xavT venaxis barvis, gasxvlis, sawnaxlis gamzadebis, yurZnis krefisa da wurvis dros Sesasrulebel ritualebs, veRar moismenT am ritualebTan dakavSirebul simRerebs. am mxriv arc Zveli sanoto da audio CanawerebiTa da werilobiTi wayroebiT varT mdidrebi. arcTu ise So-reul warsulSi jer kidev SeiZleboda qarTuli warmarTuli panTeonis erT-erTi wevris, mevenaxeoba-meRvineobis mfa-rveli RvTaebis _ agunas ciklis simRe-rebis dafiqsireba.

kukuri WoxoneliZe

sabednierod, qarTul musikalur

folklorSi Warbadaa SemorCenili su-fruli simRerebi, romelTa warmoSobac uSualod meRvineobis ganviTarebas ukav-Sirdeba. sainteresoa, rom vazis kul-tura aRmosavleTis bevr qveyanaSia gavr-celebuli, magram musulmanuri re-ligiis kanonebiT, Rvino akrZaluli sas-melia da, Sesabamisad, maT arc sufruli simRerebi aqvT.

qarTveli xalxis musikalurma ge-niam mravali sasimRero Sedevri Seqmna

da maTi didi nawili swored sufrule-bis Janrs ganekuTvneba. maTSi, rogorc sarkeSi, asaxva hpova qarTveli kacis xa-siaTis TiTqmis yvela niSandoblivma mxarem: puradobam, vazisa da Rvinisadmi trfialma, silaRem da sispetakem, rain-dulma sulma da Tundac mudam Tanm-devma naRvelma. SeiZleba Tamamad iTqvas, rom qarTuli sufrulebis namdvili gvi-rgvini, ubadlo `Cakrulo~ sicocxlis zeobisa da ukvdavebis himnia!..

xSirad ibadeba kiTxva _ rodis Seiqmna mxatvrulad daxvewili da Rrma musikaluri Sinaarsis mqone iseTi ni-muSebi, rogoric qarTuli mravalJam-ierebi da Cakruloa? cxadia, musikalur-mxatvruli azrovnebis is done, romli-Tac es simRerebi xasiaTdeba, ganvita-rebis did istoriul gzaze metyvelebs. Cveni varaudiT, rac musikaluri anal-izebiTac mtkicdeba, Cakrulosa da mra-valJamieris msgavsi simRerebi maTi ga-momsaxvelobis, formisa da Sinaarsis ZiriTadi elementebi Tu ufro adre ara, im epoqas mainc unda ukavSirdebodes, romelsac beqa da beSqen opizrebis didebuli oqromWedloba da qarTuli tixruli minanqari iqmneboda, roca ige-boda oSki, xaxuli, alaverdi da sve-ticxoveli, qarTuli sasimRero meliz-mebis msgavsad ikveTeboda nikorwmindis ganumeorebeli ornamentebi, rodesac iwereboda didebuli qarTuli himnog-rafiuli qmnilebebi, SavTelisa da Cax-ruxaZis odebi, rusTavelis ukvdavi `vef-xistyaosani~; mravalJamierebica da Cak-ruloc am epoqis wiaRidanaa amozrdili. swored aseTi simRerebi aRiqva cnobilma rusma kompozitorma da Teoretikosma boris asafievma `qarTveli xalxis musi-kaluri geniis winaSe qedmoxris STama-gonebel movlenad~, qarTulma sasimRero Sedevrebma aTqmevines cnobil amerikel eTnomusikologs alan lomakss: `saqarT-velo msoflio xalxuri musikis sa-taxto qveyanaao~.

kukuri WoxoneliZe

gazeTi `saqarTvelos respublika~ 22.03.2003

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erTi Janris Sesaxeb sufruli simRerebi

qarTuli sufris fenomeni Sore-

ul warsulSi iRebs saTaves da mas mniS-vnelovanwilad mevenaxeoba-meRvineobis maRali kultura ganapirobebs.

qarTuli lxinis organuli nawi-lia simRera. musikologi Salva aslani-Svili sufruli simRerebis warmoSobas winaqristianul xanaSi varaudobs da maT agraruli RvTaebisdami aRvlenil himnebad miiCnevs. SemTxveviTi araa, rom sufruli simReris maRalmxatvruli ni-muSebi swored im regionebSi gvxvdeba, sadac vazisa da Rvinis kultura gansa-kuTrebiT iyo dawinaurebuli.

qarTul sufrasTan warmoTqmul TiToeul sadRegrZelos Tavisi Sesat-yvisi simRera an sagalobeli mosdevda. uSualod sufrulebis (mravalJamieri, dalie, maspinZelsa da a. S.) garda, aq ambobdnen e. w. sufrulis tipis simRe-rebs (`berikaci var~, `Cakrulo~, `SemoZa-xili~, `diambego~, `turfani sxedan~, `SaSvi-kakabi~ da sxv.) aRsaniSnavia, rom sufram Semoinaxa da daviwyebas gada-arCina yofaSi dakarguli bevri Janri.

saqarTvelos TiToeuli kuTxis sufruli simRera zogadqarTul musi-kalur kanonzomierebebs emyareba, magram lokaluri TaviseburebebiTac xasiaTde-ba. eTnografiuli masala SedarebiT mravlad guriaSia mopovebuli. salxino sufrasTan aq sxvadasxvagvari Tanmimdev-robiT ityodnen simRerebsa da sagalob-lebs: lxinis dasawyisSi _ `movediT da vsvaT sasumeli axali~, Tamadis arCevam-de _ `maspinZelsa mxiarulsa~, Semdeg _ `madlobeli~, `mravalJamieri~, `Cven mSvidoba~, `sufris (stolis) xelxvavi~, `wamokruli mravalJamieri~, amis Semdgom ki _ nebismieri simRera. `adila da ali-faSa~ maSin iTqmeboda, roca sufra aiS-leboda xolme.

sxvagvari iyo saqorwilo nadimis simReraTa Tanmimdevroba: qalis ojaxSi sufra sagaloblebiT iwyeboda. patar-Zlis wamoyvanisas ityodnen `mayruls~. vaJis ojaxSic sufra `mayruliT~ iwyebo-da. mas mosdevda `maspinZelsa mxiarul-sa~. Tamadis arCevas `mravalJamieriT~ pasuxobdnen. mefe-dedoflis sadRegrZe-los moyveboda `Sen xar venaxi~, `sadRe-grZelo~, an `mravalJamieri~. mSoblebis sadRegrZelos _ sagalobeli. gardacv-

lili mSoblebisTvis `JamTa da welTas~ asrulebdnen. xelismomkideebis sadReg-rZelos _ sagalobeli `Sen romelman ga-nanaTle~ da simRera `Cemo naTlidedao~, momdevno sadRegrZeloebis Semdeg SerCe-viT sruldeboda orpiruli da krimanWu-liani simRerebi: `xasanbegura~, `Svidka-ca~, `sufris xelxvavi~, `kalos xelxva-vi~, `alifaSa~, `vaxtanguri~.

Ggansxvavebuli iyo axalsaxlobis aRsaniSnavi lxini. sufrasTan dasxdo-misTanave da pirvel sadRegrZelomde JRerda sagaloblebi: `saxli ese daa-mkvidre ufalo~, `movediT da vsuaT~, `dRes saRvToman madlman Segvkriba Cu-en~. Semdeg _ `maspinZelsa mxiarulsa~. Tamadis arCevas mohyveboda `mraval-Jamieris~ romelime varianti (mokle, gr-Zeli, wamokruli).

xevSi sufrul simReras `smuri~ hqvia. is sruldeboda qorwilSic da glovis sufrazec. mis win ki aucile-beli iyo sakulto `didebis~ Tqma.

qarTlSi ar vxvdebiT grZeli ka-xuri mravalJamierisa da Cakrulos ti-pis sufrulebs. aqauri sufrulebia: `da-vlioT Rvino~, ,,berikaci~, `Cveni maspi-nZlis sasaxle~, `gakruli mravalJa-mieri~, `haida~, `mravalJamieri~ da sxv., romlebic burdonul banze reCitatiuli da kantilenuri mReris monacvleobas efuZneba.

kaxeTSi qorwilis sufris Tanmim-devroba gansxvavebuli iyo qalisa da va-Jis ojaxebSi. patarZlis wamoyvanisas au-cilebeli iyo `mayruli~. mefis ojaxSi Sesvlisas ferxuli _ `mumli da mu-xasao~, saxlSi Sesvlamde _ `jvari win da jvari ukan~, Semdeg _ `mravalJa-mieri~, `Tamar qali~, `sufruli~, `beri-kaci var~, `vai, Sen Cemo TeTro bato~, `diambego~, `SaSvi-kakabi~.

kaxuri sufrulebi Tavisi urTu-lesi agebulebiT, monumenturobiT, dida-qtikur-filosofiuri SinaarsiT, amaRle-buli, himnuri paTosiT burdonuli mra-valxmianobis mwvervals warmoadgens. ma-Ti melodiis mdidari ornamentika, far-Te sunTqvaze agebuli Sidamarcvlovani gamRerebani, emociuri zeaweulobidan momdinare aRmavali modulaciebi kacob-riobis xalxuri musikaluri azrovnebis udidesi monapovaria.

gansakuTrebuli gaxldaT mesxuri qorwili. aq mopovebuli masalebidan Cans, rom diferencirebuli iyo `sufris

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gaxsnis~ (religiur-istoriuli Sinaar-sis teqstebiT), `lxinSi Sesvlis~ (sag-miro Sinaarsis teqstebiT) da `sufris daxurvis~ SemoZaxili simRerebi. sainte-resoa sufrulebis sampirulad Sesru-lebis tradicia, sadac mimdevrobiT mRe-rodnen xandazmulebi, Sua xnis adami-anebi da axalgazrdebi.

mesxuri sufrulebia: `saxlo, Rme-rTma agaSenos~, `sufra vardiTa savse gvaq~, `geguTisa mindorzeda~, `wasvla sjobs warmavalisa~. mesxuri sufrule-bis teqstebi ZiriTadad epikuri Sinaar-sisaa. mxatvruli TvalsazrisiT sakmaod maRalganviTarebulia, rasac ver vityviT melodiaze, romelic erTstriqoniani frazebis jaWvs warmoqmnis.

svaneTSi saqorwilo sufraze di-di RmerTisadmi mimarTvis sadRegrZelos mosdevda simRera-sagalobeli `xoSa RerbeT~ (didi RmerTi). Semdeg ojaxis Sewevnas SesTxovdnen wminda mTavar-angelozebs da mRerodnen `Taringze-lars~. mesame sadRegrZelo wminda gi-orgis eZRvneboda da mas mamakacebis gam-ravlebasa da janmrTelobas evedre-bodnen. amas ukavSirdeboda sagalobe-lic `jgrag~. mxolod yvela gardacvli-lis Sesandobarisa da mSvidobis sadRe-grZelos Sesmis Semdeg iTqmeboda siZe-patarZlis sadRegrZelo, romelsac moh-yveboda saqorwilo simRera-sagalobeli `sadam~.

qarebisagan daculi raWis xeobebi vazis kulturis ganviTarebis erT-erTi uZvelesi keraa. raWuli dialeqtis yve-laze ganviTarebul nimuSebad swored sufrul simRerebs miiCneven (`aslanuri mravalJamieri~, `dalie~). isini, garkve-uli TvalsazrisiT (burdonis roliT), qarTl-kaxur sufrulebs hgavs, magram akorduli wyobiT, sakadanso formebiT dasavlurqarTul (gurul-imerul) nimu-Sebsac uaxlovdeba.

vazis jiSebiT (ojaleSi, colika-uri) mdidari iyo leCxumic. aq SemorCe-nili sufrulebi: `dalie~, `sma umRera-li ar varga~, `diliT oqro xar stuma-ro~, `salxino~ _ marTalia masStabebiTa da improvizaciuli ganviTarebiT Camou-vardebian sxva kuTxeTa analogiur ni-muSebs, magram qarTuli musikaluri folkloris metad saintereso plasts qmnian.

originaluria imeruli lxini, sa-dac tradiciuli sufrulebis gverdiT

XIX saukunis II naxevridan sapatio adgi-li daimkvidra gitaram da masze dam-Rerebulma qalaquri tipis simReram. cnobilia quTaisuri mravalJamierebi.

samegreloSi gavrcelebuli suf-rulebia: `geSvia~ (dalie), `gefSvaT Rvini xaraTia~ (davlioT Rvino CafiTa), `oluri kulare~, `abarero~, `madlo-beli~, `odelio~, `zesqvi~ (SaSvi), `dadi-anis moZaxili~.

aWaraSi SemorCenilia `Zveli suf-ruli~, `evrida maspinZelsa~, romelic xSirad sacekvaoSi gadadis.

amgvarad, sufruli simRerebi saqa-rTvelos yvela kuTxeSia gavrcelebuli da, rac Zalze mniSvnelovania, isini dRemde sruldeba yofaSi. es kidev erT-xel adasturebs sufris tradiciebis si-mtkices Cvens qveyanaSi.

Ggia baRaSvili eTnomusikologi,

musikologiis doqtori

qarTuli xalxuri sakravebi uZvelesi qarTuli xalxuri

sakravebi

Zvel saqarTveloSi sakravieri mu-sika sakmaod ganviTarebuli yofila. mr-avali saxis sakravi instrumenti iyo qarTvelTa yoveldRiuri yofa-cxovrebis Semadgeneli nawili. am sakravebma srul-yofilad Cvenamde ver moaRwia da maT Sesaxeb warmodgenas viqmniT werilobiTi Zeglebis, freskebisa da arqeologiuri gaTxrebis Sedegad mopovebuli artefa-qtebis mixedviT.

adamiani uZvelesi droidan Tavi-si musikaluri moTxovnebis dakmayofi-lebas sxvadasxva sagnebis xmis gamoye-nebiT cdilobda da axerxebda. am dro-idan cnobilia Semdegi saxis musika-luri sakravebi: dasartyami (saCxarunebe-li da JRarunebi), Casaberi da Zalebiani (simebiani). Yyvela maTgani Zvel saqarT-veloSi saukuneTa ganmavlobaSi yofila cnobili da gavrcelebuli. uZvelesi eb-rauli wyaroebiT, qarTvel tomTa wi-naprebi Casaberi sakravebis mamad da ga-momgoneblebad moixseniebian.

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iv. javaxiSvili Tavis wignSi `qar-Tuli musikis istoriis ZiriTadi sa-kiTxebi~ aRniSnavs: zogi maTgani (sakra-vi instrumenti – v.C.) uZvelesi droidan-ve yofila, zogis saxelebi adgilobri-via, bevri maTgani ki CvenSi TandaTa-nobiT, SemdegSi gaCenila da mezobelTa-gan yofila SeTvisebuli. umetesi maT-gani gaqra da ukve mermindel Taobebsac ki maTi saxelebis namdvili mniSvneloba aRar scodniaT. Tanamedrove qarTvelma xom maTi saxelebi mxolod Zveli da axali Txzulebebis wyalobiT icis, maTi raobisa ki araferi gaegeba. amitom, Ti-Toeuli maTganis zedmiwevniTi mniSvne-loba, arsebobis xana da sakravis sada-uroba Zeglebis mixedviT unda iqnas ga-morkveuli. arqeologiur monapovrebSi musika-luri instrumentebi cotaa. cnobilia mcxeTaSi, samTavros samarovanze `patara mwyemsis saflavSi~ mopovebuli gedis lulovani Zvlisagan nakeTebi ueno sa-lamuri, romelic Zv.w. XIV_XIII s.s.-iT daTariRda. 2003 wels, dedoflis gora-ze sasaxlis kompleqsis #11 oTaxis ia-takze aRmoCnda Zvlis salamuris ori nawili. oriveze or-ori naxvretia Se-morCenili. TariRdeba ax. w. I s.-iT. Ti-xis terakota qnariani musikosis gamo-saxulebiT, gamovlenilia ufliscixeSi, bambebis namosaxlarze _ Zv. w. VII-VI s.s.-iT daTariRebul fenaSi. 1988 wels imave fenaSi aRmoCnda meore terakota, rome-lzec dolze damkvreli musikosi aris gamosaxuli. yazbegis ganZidan brinjaos qandakebas musikos-damkvrelisa, xelSi xuTZaliani (xuTsimiani) sakraviT, SesaZ-loa, qnari eWiros. svaneTSi, xaiSSi aR-moCenilia oqros sakidi, romelic Carda-xiani koSkis miniatiurul gamosaxule-bas warmoadgens. Cardaxis qveS salamu-rebze da Wianurze damkvrelis ori fi-guraa gamosaxuli. mcxeTaSi, sadguris akldamaSi aRmoCenilia brinjaos qanda-keba salamurze damkvreli Wabukis – pa-nisa. gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa Zalisis mozaikuri pano _ mravallulian sala-murze [larWem-soinar-sastvenoze] damk-vreli panis (oCopintres, boCis) figura sagangebod aris warmoCenili meCange mu-sikosTan SepirispirebiT. mcxeTaSi, sve-ticxovlis ezoSi 2001 wels aRmoCnda samarxi, romelSic dadasturda saweri mowyobiloba _ penali. igi Semkulia cxra muzis gamosaxulebiT da berZnuli

warwerebiT. Llirikuli poeziis muzas (evterpe) marjvena xelSi sayviri uWi-ravs, marcxenaSi _ Casaberi instrumenti; cekvis muzas (terpsixore) marcxenaSi lira uWiravs, marjvenaSi _ pleqtra; erotikuli poeziis muzas (erato) mar-cxena xelSi Sverilebiani lira uWiravs, marjvenaSi _ gaurkveveli sagani. sveti-cxovlis ezoSi aRmoCenili samarxi ax.w. III saukunis boloTi da IV saukunis saw-yisi xaniT unda daTariRdes. saintere-soa 2007 wels vanis naqalaqarze aRmo-Cenili ganZis SemadgenlobaSi dadastu-rebuli brinjaos Wraqi, romelic Sem-kulia erosis oTxi figuriT. Aaqedan er-Ti trignonze _ fanduraze ukravs, meo-re ki liraze. ganZi gvianelinistur xa-nas ekuTvnis, xolo misi Cafvlis Ta-riRia Zv.w. I saukune.

winwila (arqeologiuri gaTxrebis Sedegad mopovebuli masalebis mixedviT)

saqarTveloSi ukanasknel xanebSi

Catarebuli arqeologiuri gaTxrebis Se-degad, sxva mravalricxovan masalasTan erTad, gamovlenilia musikaluri inst-rumentebi _ winwilebi, romlebic, zoga-dad, elinisturi da gvianromauli xaniT daTaRirebul samarxebSi da namosaxlar fenebSia dadasturebuli. winwilebi aR-moCenilia sxvadasxva arqeologiur Zeg-lebze, rogorc aRmosavleT, ise dasav-leT saqarTveloSi.

taxtiZiri(Zv.w.IV-IIIs.s.) winwila warmoadgens naxevarsfe-

rosebri formis brinjaos or Txel

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TefSs, romelTac pirze punsoniT gamoy-vanili wiwvovani an wertilovani orna-menti Semouyveba. ganivkveTSi brtyeli saxelurebi naxevarsferoseburad amoz-neqil garezedapirze aqvT darCiluli. zogierTi maTgani samsWvaliT aris da-magrebuli.

zomebi sxvadasxvaa: dm _ 11-22,5 sm, simaRle _ 8-20 sm, saxeluris sigane _ 1,5-2 sm. saqarTveloSi, sxvadasxva arqeo-

logiur Zeglebzე, rogorc aRmosavleT-Si, aseve dasavleTSi, ocamde winwilaa aRmoCenili. pirveli informacia winwi-lis arqeologiuri aRmoCenis Sesaxeb ekuTvnis daviT wereTels (akaki were-Tlis Zmas). man 1875 wels gaz. `dro-ebaSi~ sxvitorelis fsevdonimiT gamoaq-veyna korespondencia, sadac aRwers vin-me zambaxiZis mier TodaZis cixis fer-dobze, saxlis saZirkvlis gaTrisas na-povn oqros nivTebs da maT Soris asa-xelebs winwilebs, romlis msgavs sak-ravebs axla `rotis orkestrSi tarel-kebs eZaxiano~_ aRniSnavda igi.

modinaxe (ax.w.III_IVs.s.)

formiT da damzadebis teqnikiT TiTqmis yvela winwila erTnairia. isini aRmoCenilia rogorc samarovnebze, aseve namosaxlarebze. sulxan-saba orbelianis mixedviT, `winwili tkbili sakravia. win-wili liTonis TefSi iyo, romelsac me-ore amnairsave TefSis dakvriT aaxma-urebdnen xolme~. Cveulebriv winwils garda yofila, agreTve, `winwilani rva-lisani~. winwili uZvelesi qarTuli mu-sikaluri sakravia. mas moixsenieben we-rilobiT ZeglebSi. daviT CubinaSvilis mixedviT, winwila Sedgeba `erTi meoris SemokvriT saJRerebeli liTonis TefSi-sagan~. winwili qarTul literaturul ZeglebSic gvxvdeba. SavTelis `abdul-mesiaSi~, SoTa rusTavelis `vefxistyao-sanSi~, feSangis `SahnavazianSi~ da sxv.

sainteresoa XIII saukunis fsalmu-nis xelnaweris miniatiura, sadac qar-Tvel mxatvars ausaxavs israelis mefis solomonis mefed kurTxeva da saxioba Zalebiani, Casaberi, sacemeli, saJRaru-nebeli sakravebiT, mgaloblebis taSis-cemiTa da rokviT. aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi, kerZod aragvis xeobaSi, Jinvalis, wifranisZiris da neZixis samarovnebze mopovebuli win-wilebi I-IV saukuniT daTariRebul sa-marxebSi aRmoCnda, xolo taxtiZiris elinisturi xanis samarovanze _ Zv.w.IV-IIIs.s.-iT daTariRebul #8 samarxSi; mc-xeTaSi, armazcixis samefo rezidenciaSi _ gvianromauli xanis sataZro kompleq-sSi, iatakis doneze, II-III s.s. daTari-Rebul fenaSi gamovlinda. dasavleT saqarTveloSi winwilebi modinaxes da rganis gvianromauli xanis samarovneb-zec dadasturda. SemTxveviT mopovebuli winwilebi inaxeba quTaisis, xonisa da TianeTis muzeumebSi. sainteresoa quTaisSi 1926 wels SemTxveviT aRmoCenili (ubani `goWoura~) winwilis erTi TefSi, romlis gare ze-dapirze punsoniT amokveTilia svasti-kebi da cxenebis Zalian sqemuri gamo-saxulebebi. erT-erT ubelo cxenze am-xedrebulia fexze mdgomi xelebgaSli-li mamakaci. mozrdili zomis winwilebi, rom-lebic maxvilebTan, SubispirebTan, sa-tevrebTan, isrispirebTan erTad iqna aR-moCenili, savaraudod, meomar-mxedrebs ekuTvnodaT, xolo bavSvTa samarxebSi aRmoCenili momcro zomis winwilebi, Se-saZloa, mozardebis, biWebis, momavali meomrebisTvis iyo gaTvaliswinebuli. M uZvelesi xanis saxviT xelovne-baSi asaxuli meomrebi, romelTac win miuZRviT Casaber da dasartyam sakra-vebze damkvreli musikosebi, adasture-ben, rom laSqruli, mxedruli, saieriSo da sxva saxis samxedro musikas farTod iyenebdnen samxedro saqmeSi.

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quTaisi (gvianantikuri xana)

aragvis xeobis samarovnebze Seswa-vlil samarxTa Soris SeiZleba gamoi-yos `meomarTa fena~, romelsac straboni `miwismoqmedTan~ aerTianebs da mesame genoss miakuTvnebs. meomarTa Soris ki SeiZleba gamovyoT erTi jgufi _ `me-musikeni~, romelTa samarxebi sxva sab-rZolo-saomar inventarTan erTad Sei-caven musikalur instrumentebs – win-wilebs. winwilis damkvreli musikosi – mxedari, albaT, win edga da uZRoda sab-rZolo razmsa Tu jars. TviT saxelwo-deba win-wila, SesaZloa, aqedan momdina-reobdes.

mcxeTaSi, samefo rezidenciaSi, armazcixe-bagineTis sataZre kompleqsSi aRmoCenili winwilebi miuTiTebs imas, rom winwila mxolod meomarTa musika-luri instrumenti ar yofila. igi, ro-gorc qarTvel mweralTa da poetTa TxzulebebSia aRwerili, saqarTveloSi mefis sasaxleSic xmiandeboda. rogorc vxedavT, winwila – rogorc musikaluri sakravi, saqarTveloSi gavrcelebuli Cans uZvelesi droidan XVII saukunis Ca-TvliT. igi Zveli qarTuli dasartymeli-saJRerebeli musikaluri instrumenti yofila. winwilebi yvelaze didi raodeno-biT inaxeba duSeTis ramin ramiSvilis sax. arqeologiur bazaze, Tbilisis Sa-lva amiranaSvilis sax. xelovnebis muze-umSi da simon janaSias sax. muzeumSi. agreTve, quTaisis, xonisa da TianeTis muzeumebSi.

vera CixlaZe

istoriis mecnierebaTa doqtori, saqarTvelos erovnuli muzeumi

erTi simReris istoria Zabrale

`Zabrale~ megruli saTamaSo-sacek-vao simReraa, romelic 1933 wels, cno-bili megreli lotbaris rema Selegias xelmZRvanelobiT arsebuli senakis rai-onuli gundis SesrulebiT Caiwera cno-bilma qarTvelma folkloristma grig-ol kokelaZem. solos TviTon rema as-rulebda. cnobilia, rom simRera `Zab-rale~ megreli momRerlebis _ pavle da beglar akobiebis mieraa Seqmnili. es aris samxmiani simRera orwiladi metri-Ta da megruli sasimRero folkloris tipuri maxasiaTeblebiT.

Z(v)abra sityva-sityviT `zRarbs~ niSnavs, romelic, simReris mixedviT, ya-naSi Wirnaxuls anadgurebs. arsebobs mosazreba, rom Zabra tyis avi sulis sa-xelia, misi Ziri sityva Z(v)abraredan unda momdinareobdes, rac megrulad mu-xanaTs, borot suls niSnavs. aRniSnuli simReris teqsti gamoxatavs tyidan mova-rdnili Z(v)abras Tavdasxmis molodinSi mis winaaRmdeg SurisgebiT amoqmedebuli adamianebis sabrZolo ganwyobas.

arsebobs ferxuli `Zabrales~ ram-denime varianti:

ferxuls SigniT moTamaSe-momRerlis gareSe _ axalgazrdebi Caaba-men ferxuls, maTi erTi naxevari teqsts mReris, meore ki mosZaxis: `hoi, Zabra!~

yvelaze gavrcelebul vari-antSi meferxuleebi Caabamen ferxuls, wris SigniT daagdeben bewvian quds. simRera-oxunjobis niWiT dajildoebu-li moTamaSe xanjliT gars uvlis mas da gamoxatavs SiSs, siZulvils, Zabras damarcxebis survils, Setevas, ukan da-xevasa da isev Tavdasxmas. saferxulo mwyobri ki `hoi, Zabras!~ mosZaxebs; sabo-lood ferxuls SigniT moTamaSe xan-jals dahkravs quds, meferxuleni mis-cvivdebian, daglejen da mxiaruloben.

ferxuls SigniT erTi moTa-maSis nacvlad oTxi-xuTi joxiani mama-kaci dgas.

brZolis dasrulebas da Zabras ga-nadgurebas sayovelTao mxiaruleba mos-devs. mocekvaveebi erTmaneTs ecilebian cekvaSi, romelic saoxunjo qmedebebs moicavs da improvizaciul xasiaTs ata-rebs.

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droTa ganmavlobaSi, avsulis wina-aRmdeg mebrZolma gmirma masxaras mniSv-neloba SeiZina. `Zabrales~ wabaZviT, mis paralelurad, gaCnda saxumaro–sacekvao leqsis variantebi, romlebic gunduri cekvis magivrad soloTi sruldeba. am saxiT warmoiqmna „jansulo“.

oTar CijavaZes megruli simRera `jansulo~ `Zabrales~ ganviTarebul fo-rmad miaCnia. masSi saferxulo mwyobri aRar moZraobs _ statikuria, samagie-rod, gaaqtiurebulia moTamaSe-momRera-li. amgvarad, `Zabrales~ ferxuli Ca-moSorda da meferxuleni mxolod `jan-sulos~ SeZaxiliT kmayofildebian. mo-TamaSe ki gamodis sacekvao moedanze da trabaxobs: igi isea SeiaraRebuli xmal-xanjliTa da dambaCiT, rom arafris eSi-nia. uecrad moednis centrSi bewviani qudi davardeba, moTamaSe SiSisagan ia-raRs yris da xalxs uxmobs saSvelad; amis Semdeg, igi gaTamamdeba, Seutevs Zabras, moklavs da gamarjvebis niSnad cekvavs.

„jansulos“ axlandeli teqstis avtor–mTqmelebad iona da barTlome sarTaniebi iTvlebian, xolo cekvis axa-li repertuaris Semqmnelad da mis pir-vel Semsruleblad d. kitias aRiareben. amJamad es ori simRera _ „Zabrale~ da „jansulo“ erTmaneTis paralelurad ar-sebobs.

sabWour epoqaSi es `TamaSebi~ ba-tonymobis winaaRmdeg mimarTul saoxun-jo simRerebad iqca. gr. kokelaZis az-riT, wris SigniT gamomwyvdeuli mav-nebeli batons ganasaxierebda, masze Tav-dasxma da gamarjveba ki simbolurad glexebis batonisagan gaTavisuflebas gamoxatavda.

`Zabrales~ teqsti aseTia: `hai Zabra skani Rura si mazakval Cvindi lula he boSefi sore muurs cancalq gemiolu gurs qmmexvariT arZaq vara vorwyeq muWo obWkumuns~. `hai, Zabra, Seni sikvdili, Se mzakvaro, cxvirmoRrecilo! ehe, biWebo, eger modis! kankali amivarda gulis! momeSveleT yvela Torem vxedav rogor SemWams!~

moamzada maka xarZianma gr. kokelaZis, k. samuSias,

a. TaTaraZis masalebze dayrdnobiT

simReris sanoto nimuSi aRebulia krebulidan `qarTuli xalxuri musika, samegrelo~, t.2, Tbilisi 2005.

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redaqtori: maka xarZiani

mTargmneli: maia kaWkaWiSvili

kompiuteruli uzrunvelyofa: maka xarZiani levan veSapiZe lela maqaraSvili

© vano sarajiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo konservatoriis tradiciuli

mravalxmianobis kvlevis saerTaSoriso centri, 2013

eISSN 1512-228X biuleteni gamodis weliwadSi orjer, qarTulad da inglisurad

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