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IB Topic 3The Chemistry of Life
3.1Chemical Elements
& Water
3.1.1 State that the most frequently occurring chemical elements in living things are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen.
Atoms Elements Compounds In Biological Compounds…often
form covalent bonds Proportions in Living Organisms C 19% H 10% O 65% N 3%
3.1.2 State that a variety of other elements are needed by living organisms, including...3.1.3 State one role for each of the elements...
SULFUR› In some amino acids (disulfide
bridges)› Proteins › Chemoautotrophs use it as energy
source
3.1.2 State that a variety of other elements are needed by living organisms, including ...3.1.3 State one role for each of the elements...
CALCIUM› Cell structure, movement
Cell walls, cell membranes, muscle contractions
› Support of bones (lack osteoporosis)› Neurotransmitter release for nervous
system messages
3.1.2 State that a variety of other elements are needed by living organisms, including ...3.1.3 State one role for each of the elements...
PHOSPHORUS› ATP› DNA
3.1.2 State that a variety of other elements are needed by living organisms, including ...3.1.3 State one role for each of the elements...
IRON› Some chemoautotrophs—
source of energy› Helps w/formation of
chlorophyll Fe deficient plants can’t
photosynthesize properly› Component of hemoglobin
(RBCs) O2 transport
3.1.2 State that a variety of other elements are needed by living organisms, including ...3.1.3 State one role for each of the elements...
3.1.2 State that a variety of other elements are needed by living organisms, including ...3.1.3 State one role for each of the elements...
SODIUM› Some plants: helps bind
CO2 for photosynthesis› Action potential in neurons
Nerve impulses Na-K pumps
› Glucose co-transport across membranes
› Prokaryotes—movement of flagellum
3.1.4 Draw and label water molecules to show their polarity and hydrogen bond formation.
3.1.5 Outline the thermal, cohesive, and solvent properties of water.
3.1.5 Outline the thermal, cohesive, and solvent properties of water.
3.1.6 Explain the relationship between the properties of water [thermal, cohesive, solvent] and its uses in living organisms as a coolant, medium for metabolic reactions, and transport medium.
Comparison of air & water temp (24 hrs) from an Oak woodland during a temperate summer
temp vs. time of day water remains fairly stable
