I. ATTIIUDES D. Economic
Or^nizaticn
2. Labor Organization & Activities a. Unions
(4) Strikes
Continued
I D 2 a (4 ) I D 2 a (3)
POLISH
Dziennik Chicaroski, Dec. 5, 1921,
PREPARATIOliS ARE PEII:G I'ADE FOR IKE FROTiilCTICi: OF PACKING
HCUSES
In accordance v/ith an order issued ry Chief of Police
Fitznorris, all police captains within the vicinity of the Union
Stockyards will prepare two hundred men to protect the pacrcin^
houses in the event of a strike, v/hich v;ill probably be called
today. Over tv;enty thousand persons will take part in the strike,
and according to an estimate, over forty-five thousand union i..en
throughout the country :iill participate. Officials of the packing
houses assert that the strike ..111 he disastrous to the union*
Armour and Company has notified its workers that any employee v/ho
takes part in the strike will be automatically discharged. Besides
this, the fim has made announcements in Kansas City and Chicago
that it is looking for men to replace the strikers.
Fifteen major cities will be affected hy the strike in the event
that it is called, as well as all the large packing houses and
their affiliates.
I D 2 a (4 ) - 2 - POLISH
I D 2 a (3)
Dziennik Ghica.-oski . Dec. 5, 1921. tVi^A (ILL) PROJ. 30275
The vrorkers clain tliat the strike is being called because the
company will not recognize their union. The recent cut in pay is
also a factor.
I D 2 a (4 ) I D 2 a (3)
PCLISII
Dzieimik 3hicacoski > Dec. 3, 1921
si7Rii:ehs v;ill lcse tiisih joes
''Svery employee of Amour and Gonpany v;ho ,-:oes out on strike
will in- r.ediately lose his job." This v;as the ultiiTiatuifi that
v/as adopted yesterday at a conference held by the so-called
counsel ccrrj-dttee, consisting of representatives of the 3hicar:o
packing house industry and inenbers of Arr^iour and Gonpany.
Twenty-four meinbers of various packing houses :rade up the
coinmittee, including riany representatives of v;orkers.
The resolution adopted states further that any v/orker that
listens to a strike leader who tries to incite him to strike, v;lll
also be dis- charged. It v/as also revealed at the neatinf^ that
the present rate of pay, after a thorough investigation and nuch
deliberation, v;as corapulsory. Consequently, the reduction in the
hourly rate v/as necessary.
I D 2
a (4)
POLISH
I D 2 a (3)
Dziennil: Ciiicacoski^ Dec. 3, 1921.
There is no rv^YO danger tliat there v/ill be a shortage of neat
for public use. The officials of the packing house industry
contended that operations of the plants v/ill continue in the event
of a strike being called.
I D 2 a (4 ) I D 2 a (3)
POLISH
Dziennik Ghica; oski , Dec. 2, 1921, roiIDAY IS SET AS ffiK DAY
FOR l^E STCCIX^RDS' STRnCE
Fonday, December 5, has been set as the day for the strike in
the Stock- yards, accordint: to an announcement issued by the
secretary of the Amalcariiated -^"^eat Cutters and Butcher vVorkmen
of Korth iVmerica, who is acting under the orders of the members of
the union. At a joint meeting: recently called 35,000 voted in
favor of the strike, while 3,000 voted ap-ainst it.
The employers do not consider the contents of this proposal as
serious, for the orfranized v;orkers represent only a siriall
portion of those employed in the packinp; house industry.
Dennis Lane, secretary of the Amalgamated ^-eat Gutters ( sic )
, issued the follov/ing announcement: "In the event that
negotiations for a better understanding betv;een employees and
employers is not reached, a committee
I D 2 a (4 ) - 2 - TOJJSR
I D 2 a (3)
Dziexmik Qhicacoski , Dec. 2, 1921.
conposed of the various international unions v;ill ask all their
members who have been affected by the war^e cut to strike I.onday,
December 5, at 5 A. M. Over 20,000 v/orkers v;ill leave their
ranlcs of employment in Ghicano. The entire number of strikers
v;ill reach a figure of 45,000. Cf these, 8,000 v/ill be from other
unions, such as: machinists, firemen, tin platers, blacks:;! ths,
carpenters, etc.
'The strike v/ill take place in the follov/in^:: cities: St.
Paul, Ghicaro, Llilv/aukee, Sioux City, Cmaha, Kansas City,
./ichita, Oklahoms Oity, St. Louis, Albert Lea, Cedar Rapids,
Austin, and Dubuque."
/- ;\
I D 2 a (4)
PCLis:i
i;\rod lols'-"', Vol jLai'I, jo. 32, -'-u;> u, 1j19#
P .C;iiS :: so.:, ..-.:: :. LOSo a rT.:...L3 (Editorial)
"the Iz.ijl fe\; days tv/o incidents iiai. oencd in Chic -o. The
first
of [;ve':'t inpor i:ance; bhc ::cco..il lez^ inpor uxnt in
conp-. risen, b- '" '*;" i^: :7ortr: ";/hile considering, fron
fuc^day, July 2:K.:i, be S. turda; , August 2, the :.ioLori:ien and
;;i;''.rds of t\\e elevated lines and t.\o i.iotonnen and
conductors of the surface linos v;ere -^n o':rihe. On tiie streets
oT a fjreat ciuy .ve sa\7 unly uuto:.iobiles '-nd v/'j.rons,
f>or.ie v:or>ers went to their -:or: on foot; s^'i.ie rode in
aiitG::.obiles ; others regained at liome. hov;ever, v;c arc r.c/z
S'.'- nuc'. c.ncorned \:.bo\;t th't. e vrithsbood these fevr da-'s.
^ub v/li^. t -vill b
e tliC con'^equenc'^s? In reality, the conductors
and no tor men v.'ill recei';e a bother r,a-^ becav.se it is
nov; 67 cents L-er
rT".
aour. xnev
X J- 1
1- U
i.
e o
the r hand, the f ctory vjorhers
r-
.^:i:ro-^t car to
nd fr oin -York
are ,'ein:- v/rcnaed, as biiey riuot -.isf. ^..^ .. ..^ x. v. ^
.. ^^ ^..^ ^^^... ..w*_., since ".vith the raise in '"av to ctre-'
t c-'r i^ien. f.e ^rice cf carfare laay be raised.
rcL is:;
riU
>t
1 '.:.! o
lose :iot!iiu' The sure z 3:-r .lo:i ,:ain Th* c^'n:icrs ^:r
'^.irbonobiles s.nd the calthier clf:-3C : f 'eo^'-lc '; o do nob
-sc t c ;:^iirf:.ce or elcvuced
lines, v,ill nol. he touched ^.t ?
or^
O. . -.b t u
..ill be the roorer clacscs
tliat 7'iil 00 \rronredj -:f\iO cri lOt ^.TL^ord ^vutoi'icbjlf
.: or co^\ches.
The scccii] i loilent: I:i a }"ollsh section tl:rro is r^ Polish
tlicutre naxied Kosciussho, jc do not Izno-': t\v: a->nrr oi'
t'l'.s b-^e^'tre, but -ve did he^\r that he is n. b u v;er.lthy
naii '^cn^rrally, Polish o;r^icr: In ianeric^ have not as v: t
accuired n'.l lions.
s 01' ther.tres
Duriru the j^-a ;:t v;eck 3(t: liir^lef-Actors .: l:\ced a boab
v; ich e^'ploded and daa-i- ed t'.o little thei\tre. /e ^^o no t
hnoi^^ 7;^:o v;:aS the \vTon;;^doer, out ^".'6 sur^iise ~h-t it
vrtis '?. ^"^orson Pron the ooorer class, or raavV^e, as they are
Sc-yinf, rx ^^eri-j^^r of e. union, since this biioatre e::ijloyed
non- union lien.
.ina
.'ha b
- r> X . *
his? lb is that there -ms an at^eiapt.
- s -
rorl lols'ii. Vol, rC\Il"I, '..'o
'v^
eibhor v;;rou/h jef.lousy o^* .u-tred, o ':a!:e av;?jy fro:." o.
lOn-ivealthy nan the nel^ns of ear:iin; his daily b-e:d
irie ?. Dovo i:'ici uencs -t.esu t.. t ,- i^-.ct L, ^.t
a\!ri"':' oi.c pre cone ii:i...e a battle ic beinp: \y .-Gd, noL
o.'lv bet'vecn cu:":ital and Ic.bor, but also ai;ion3 the v;or]'
rades.
ri;^ class itself, t;.*-t is.
'or ^.cvi:
or
t .L J. ^ >> i. O ^ 1.
-.^-^'
To v:hat bhis 7:il.. lead us, i
IS
ra uo '."reaict;
I D 2 a (4) POLISH
I D 2 a (2)
IV Dzlennik Zv/iazkovry , Apr, 11, 1917,
FP.OT.: tic: oapj:^':? '.'ork^.s inTio:i strike
Kap:dalene Hilev^ski, T^irector of the Polish rational
.\lliance, Speaks at Strikers' Meeting
''Every individual," said ?Trs. !!ilewski, "sees the injustices
which are perpe- trated against the girls working': in garment
factories. Invited by your organ* izer, who, parenthetically
speakin^r, i^ a member of our organization, I came here to tell you
that although we do not have much in common with the battle which
you are weeing, nevertheless we observe carefully everythinf: which
i.s happonin^jT in this strike.
I\/Irs. i:agdalene y.ilewski, director of the Polish National
Alliance, was one of
the speakers at a meeting held day before yesterday on
Milv;aukee Avenue by F-
the strikers. Since she is not a member of organized labor, we
particularly -^
emphasize the fact that her words com.e from a person v;ho has
no personal in- S
terest in the strike. ^-
cr
I J 2 a (4) - .. -
T ^ o ', i n \
1 _J /_, ti \ -^ J
IV Dz iennik ^ ...i zko^.v, .pr. 11, 1917.
POLISH
-TO
"I-"" a ;;irl .vorkin - i:\ u i'actor" CHnnot jHrn mo re tmn
.;h!it slio does, if, as
vour or.:anizjr:3 naiiitain, ^horo ai-j '-jTion,*- you -:irl3
.;lio oar:, only four dollars
a v;eek, than it is hi :ii tir:i3 that tha factoi*:' o.vnor.i
.viio pay such v/ages cease
producing dresoes and bloas'^r, . Jhe avera -e '.vornn ./ho haj
not worked in a ,^ar-
ment factory doe55 not reaii:^e that every tine she put5^ on a
silk dress to ::;o
to a ball, she is pu^tiny on a shroud of tne tear-stainea labor
of a sister-v;o- o
man "rvlio is unable even to eke out a ::iere existence at this
v/ork. ;^,
CD
'Tour battle i^ ju:;t. It is the yrotost of ..oiiiun ar.aiust
abuse as such. It ^
should i.ioet v;itji the :'upyort of Polish organizations, the
Polisii press, and all "oeoT:>le of ::oo i ivill. Your victor"
v;ill be v:c:::an*s victor", because, trulv, vour battle is a,
:ainst abuse."
I D 2 a (4)
I D 2 a (2)
I D 2 a (3) I S
"arod Folskl. Vol. r/III, Au. 19, I'iU.
VALKir
come an;'els;'he does not se^^ th .t th^ hiyhert p:rc^nta'e or
the various
crines, scandals and vice is cerii'iitted by .rjiiericans.
Instead of conve.*t-
in'^ and civiliziny foreigners, 1 "t the .n":lo~^a::on editors
ind rdssionaries convert and civilize those .virieriC'-an ::orn tj
jsons v;ho ?.ianifest criminal
a
(4)
- 4 -
''3i?n:ii-: -.v;i-.i::':o-r'.% -Tuly ol, 191
tendenciec b- cor.Tiittiii- such acts as lync>ih : and hillin
: innocent nejroos; slayin^": .jovorn: .:nt officials and jud{:e3
in courts; abductin;:* and boatin.-; v-onon; dTnaz-iitin:;
baildin::s and brid -os; slLOotin'- and killin^^
rojoin
. , O i">1 Q T tTi ^ --^ - -- r-
.1 - - -x
ion, sine a tn-"^-*^
^.v
aro t:d.:ina ^^lace at :.ll
-1-
T^ '^
rican lavs, b
these aaople, teach thT: to ros^ec" i'-u:ii;;rants respect tl.is
lav; ari'. ir is t;i3 elen^nt which jias boon livin': in ar^erica
for
^ X i.-'O. lv^Xv^J.iO0
I P ^ ^ ^^l lOLISH 1 Jb 3 c*
^ ^ Dziennik Zv;iazkowy , July 10, 1912,
%
(i]dioorial)
'./e all have vivid neniories of the textile strike at Lawrence,
i.lass,, and of other strikes in rmny industrial cities of !;ev7 u.
^. ^nf*land, //here bloody Lettles .took place; and v/e owe a
debt
of f^-ratitude :;0 the inithless of^-icials, bruoal police and
deputy'' sheriffs, who did not hesitate to injure and kill uhe
unprotected strikers v/ho were fir:htinr, for a livelihood. Just
uecause of their v/anton binitality this strike v/as brought to the
attention of the entire country, and such indi^^nation "./as
aroused by uhe lav/lessness of the police and railitia, that
shocked public opinion forced Oom^ress to investirate the causes of
the strike and to deter.aine who .;as resr^onsible for the bloody
/^ \./V "! v;arfare.
V
Under presi^ure of public opinion, Conrress v;as compelled to
carry out an investigation. Jhis investigation v;as entrusted to a
special ccrrjiittee, //ith Iion. Charles P. Ileill, Secretary of
Joi:nierce and Labor, as the chainr.an.
- 2 - POLISH
Dziennik Zv:iazkcv7y ^ July 10, 1912.
The Congressional conraittee perfonned its task very
satisfactorily, when it imnediately inade a thorou-h investigation.
The committee heard both sides of the story from the many
v;itnesses, and then presented its report to Conf^ress.
This report is very interesting, illustrating perfectly the
conditions that exist in the textile factories, where the majority
of the people employed are of foreign extraction; naT.iely, Poles,
Italians, Slovaks, Hungarians and Greeks.
Accordinr to the report or the coimr-ittee, v;hich confirms the
recommen- dations of Secretary Ileill, ohe average income of a
family, consisting of a husband, wife and several children, amounts
to eight dollars and seventy-six cents per week, and that at a time
v;hen the factories are ' ^^ ,\ going full force. r . > V
In many cases, a poor weaver was compelled to support a wife and
two - ,.^-' children on a weekly income of five dollars and ten
cents. On these
- 3 - PCIJSH
Dziennik Zv/iazkov/y , Julj^ 10, 1912.
starvation v/ae;es, 21,922 textile v;crkers v/ere forced to
support their families.
In one fanilj'; a husband, I'/ife, tjo sons, and three daughters
v/ere employed in one of these factories, and, pooling their
earnings, they still v/ere unable to live in comfort or to lay
aside any savings. But there v;ere many families where small
children prevented a mother from v/orking; therefore, the .urden of
supporting the family fell on the shoulders of a husband and father
v/ho v;as earning starvation v/ages. You can realize the kind of
life that had to be lived by a family v/hose breadwinner earned but
five or, at. the utmost, six dollars per v/eek. Even though there
^;\ras plenty of work to be had, starvation existed in many
families, because of such meager wages and the high cost of
living.
V/hen Congress passed a law that v:omen should not be employed
in textile factories more than fifty-four hours per week, instead
of fifty-six, the heartless employers immediately cut v;ages,
taking advantage of the xvomen
- 4 - POLISH
Dziennil: Z\\riazl:Qv^T > July 10, 1912.
employees. This caused a strike, which the hirelings of the
capitalists checked by the use of clubs, inprisoniaent, and
bullets, killing poor innocent workers, and treating then li::e
dangerous beasts, just because they denanded better living and
workinc conditions.
The report of the coininittee further confirmed the charge that
boys as well as girls, not over fourteen years old, were employed
in these murderous factories, instead of attending school and
improving their education. Of these factories' emplo^^ees,
forty-four per cent are women and youn/ girls. Let us imagine the
misery that would exist if the mothers and rirls were not employed,
and a faiuily had to rely exclusively on a father's starvation
v/agesl
This report, without a doubt, caused "great surprise" in
Congress, as if the members did not know that such conditions
existed in these factories. ';my, ir^ny of them are textile
manufacturers and exploiters of labor them- selves. ' ./ill
Congress do anything to remedy these conditions in the textile
industry of the ITew l^nrland states? Tliis is very doubtful.
The
- 5 - ^ POLISH
Dzieainik Zv/iazkov/y , July 10, 1912,
representatives of the people seem to think of everything but
the improve- ment of the standard of living of the v/orking
masses
The one sure way the v;orkers can improve their lot is by
organizing into a united group; and then rejecting the capitalistic
politicians. The workers must cast their votes for true
representatives of the v7orking class, because only a mjan of the
people can understand the hardships of our modern slaves.
J
'-:'./".
I D 2 a (4) POLISH
I D 2 a (3)
I- ^I
Dziennilc -Iv:iaz!:ov.'y . .-.uf-ust 7, 1911.
m 'T T ' -r "^1 " : "t: '-r r\'"' ' T "^f^ P ' "^
-L- -1-1 J_i- L < _. -^ ^ L' ^ ._! ^ '_'_. i.^^.: _.'Xj .
-r>jr.^_ "lk'J
(ildioO'ial)
At last the lav; is after- the notorio^is l-i'-or union sln^zers
"flu h.iving rsLined t/e con'^idence o!' organized labor, pp.^eai
tirror ':.nd anarc'-y i-. t'v^ ranks of ;vor]cin^^i9n, an:I boco'^o
tb? traitor's, r^r V ^ ^' an t' e fri-vna?:; of oP'^aniiLied labc^%
'lie jri\', :7hich h- g " -- a-^c-pted b:,' tbs r;tat^'s attorney
anu by the attcraey '^f anJinG the -In;: -ars, '''^^ "jna.' four
o:^ ":] o^-: :-nilt:- of eni'-inal attacl:^ 'uv- nn-oroiful
^'^.L^^- of -orr::--- ^ bo^^ in^'- -'a -)tb ^i 1 '-or or-an-
izationa, "^^sg:^ pira-*:;*. j b ^^':.ac' s have occurred quite of
;.-::n ia "b ic ~, the city o" Ma:i-.ti:>f :cti:a nl r '. .:.
J-a- -,_ v -r- W-- ar : 1: ' : , 'b ..-ab. still ineffsctua.ly
enforced, A'hich v;ill evantually curb the.^.-e outr-^ges, a-hen
public opinion will oa stirred. This opinion v^as strained even
aaon:; the worjcin,{pTien themselves, /ho did aot v; :nt tae
alu^g^rs tj enjoy thensalves at the expense of the workin?^a:en* -
ideals; for the e s:ur:r::ers ::re just plain ou'jliws not jiavinr;
anything to ;o '/ith real v;or]:.
Organized labor is a ^reat thiny,, it iz a batteri i": roj.a
crushing the avails of
I D 2 a (4) I D 2 a 13)
I :i
'CLISH
Dz i ennik /.'/iazlio^r,^ , .^U;^;uGt 7 , 1911
capitalisn. ...ost people s:.TaT)athize .vith llv. inr; nuiii,
but they ciotest ^an-^ters.
intelli^-ent cr^vanized I'lork"
Vith v;hon did the:;e slu:-;:^:.ors pr3t9ndin ; to be friends o
the v:or>inG:i.:en, fi{;:.t? Did the- Tif^it against the
cupit:.iiGts? Jid they deiiand shorter hours and hi-her v/ar-res
for t]: v/orhin class? Did they try to eliminate abuses v/hich c-us
) har.:: to v/orhin -.len eriToloyed in f-ctories and other places?
i:ot at all. IJliy- .rers settlin;: their -personiij ':riev'j.ncoo
at the e:rt>?nse of t:.e ./orkinrrreri , and, like tl-U^s, v;ere
attackin^c: v/orlcin.'^r.en ;vho refused to he do dnated by
the:::.
'ITiere are many labor unions in 3hic "o, belonyin-^ to the sane
orf^anization and ^^et fi--:;.tin': one anotli^r. i^ach of these
unio s has a leader :f!io has nothin- to -:o ith re-il '7ork.
TIie-.e lead rs liv- at the e::nense of the -.?orkin-:r:on; -:iiey
oppose one another furiously and qaite o:ten fi'-*ht bloodv
battles. If these lead rs v/ere fi-htin- only -irion':
t-i-:j^:elves, if they 'vould perforate -;:ith bullets, and stab
v/ith knives, only their ov-.tl bodies, it V70uld not be so bad;
but alas, these cov/ards also attach the .:orkin:':nen of
I D s a (4) - :: - rcLi'"!:
I . 2 ", (::)
..V
I 11
ot\-"" unions, vr'^nlLn-* ^*."^:i, ::- t\-^:i t:.\' rii^T
ci:';a7 in -iii '^utoi'iobile. 'I^iese outr^a^erj -*^e.;e so
t-'^rribl-^ t\ -t t".-^ l-^ ; sto \o-^:i in ^nl v;ill undoubtedly
punish olion. It i:^ -i ':. ti:::^ : ?: 31:0 ^'^m- ::uc:: 'i'"oe3,
. r:r eT?n ono iiv^^G oi vjorl:- in.T:on b3lon'*in'* to tb ^ 1
'"^:
Just ina'^ina a r-n'.it i . . la.'-- lb:oj 'u:i'. i, '-^n
ueeount 0'' tbo intri;-U3:: of its
fucti':n rocoiv? same v;l---^c ~^?"'::':?."b -^ 1 b;.- -.b"^ r :
-il'it:^ :'ns b tbe union in an;' 0^ t];^ b ^ct^^r^i ^ -. 'blr^^
.uv' 1 :'nl:' b ~^ .''lu \:*:' 0^ tb"^ onoosito faction
bo^ant li:c: co.7M:*ds# ub". outr --^ouro ac^l::^-! i:: a
cri^^^o .nb '3- oula b-; umished 3'?v:^rel:' b lav;.
b^iir: sa ;. c ^^n : it:'.:}n bas euijtod v.-:'; .'titl oxists
in b.'^ca-o. . v.?rv bitter oni^lict e::i3t:^:. bob.:3 n td ^
..tea-.-diisb-vs* -n-^ ~ 'lu:dj j::'S* ..ssoci .tioa, and the
Into:'nation-:.l dteardittr-3 ^nd .lu:d:e:'S, biii... feud -a-
started by the leaders and caused :,uch bloodshed. Zie lead-ers ob
the firet union orre.nized a band of slu'::^ers, vdio attached
syste^iatically the eienbers ob the other
I D
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I D 2 a (4 ) POLISH
I D 2 a (2)
I D 2 a (3) Dziennik Zwlezkow y, Nov. 4, 1910.
I D 1 a
I E LABOUR'S FiailT '.'TTI^' CAPTTAI.
(Editorial)
The city of Chicago is once again the scene of a bitter war
between labor and capital. Anta^onisn of this extent is not
frequently seen in the United States. About forty thousand tailors
of both sexes are now striking ^ in Chicago. The outbreak of
strikes is in various branches of the tailoring industry. Some of
the strikes have been marked bv bloodshed, but such S determination
and certainty of the justice of the cause, as is characteristic ^
of the strike of tailors and p'irls emploT^ed in tailoring
concerns, is rarely met. Something must really have bothered the
em-oloyees of tailoring firms to make them resort to the final
means the strike and to keep it up with all their strength. The
thing that is most important is the fact that p:irls are leaders in
this strike girls, in fact, who were most exploited by their
employers, and who v;ere abused on every occasion. Not only were
their earnings miserable in proportion to the standard of living in
this country, but, in addition to that, they v/ere persecuted at
every opportunity by the
GO CD
ro I en
I D 2 a ( 4) - 2 - POTTMH
I D 2 a (2)
I D 2 a (3) Dzienni^k: Zwla zkov/y , Nov. 4, 1910.
I D 1 a
I E foremen and "bosses". Some of these men even considered
their
girls as a means of satisfying their sensual desires and treated
them as slaves. Oirls younp-er than the law allowed were hired for
work, and of course they were paid miserably and were overburdened
with heavv and unhealthful work.
An outbreak had to come sooner or later. VThen a strike burst
out in one 3 firm, Hart, Schaffner and ^''arx, reverberations were
soon heard in other ^ firms. ?^asses of tailors poured out upon the
streets because exploitation -jj and immoral conditions of work
existed everywhere. It was shown here, o hov/ever, that the fight
of labor with capital is not conducted on equal basis: Lo the
employees have moral justice on their side, but the employers are
pro- ^ tected by the police, the courts, and the money paid
hirelings to safeguard ^ their interests. During the first of this
war, tens if not hundreds of striking tailors and girl employees
were clubbed by the police. The courts will undoubtedly mete out a
fine against the "guilty strikers" for "disturbing the peace". The
employers, on the other hand, looked through wlndovrs behind
1
>
I D 2 a (4) - 3 - F0LI3K-
I D 2 a (2)
I D 2 a (p) Dziennlk Lv.qazkovvy. Nov. 4, 1910.
I D 1 a.
I ^ expensive draues arid rubbed tlieir hands in contePxtment at
the
thou:^ht that their v;orkers were bein^ abused by the police and
packed into jails.... . *
./hat is worse, it >as shown in this strike, as it has been
shoivn in all others, that the goal of solidarity of the laborin.^
nasses is still far off and that the 'vorst eneiny of or^3anized
labor is.... the unenlightened laborer himself. At tires abusive
words and even revolver b^ollets served as a reply to strikers who
were callin.'^ upon their fellov; workers to cease working: for the
tiTr.e bein^::, so that the victory of labor mi.^ht be greater and
mere definite. .7orkin^ women who had been abused in the same
manner, but who did not want to strike, ridiculed their strikin-^
sisters and cast aspersions upon them. How could orf-anized workers
hope for victory in the face of such conditions and such a lack of
solidarity of the laborin^c; masses? If numerous groups of
strikebreakers had not apeared to take the place of the striking
workers, violence would have been unnecessarv. The r)olice could
not have shovm off their brutality and .vould have been unable to
pack the despairing strikers into
I
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(2)
I
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(3)
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I D 2 a (4) - 4 - PQLISri
Dziennlk Aviazhovr/ , Nov. 4, 1910.
jails. The battle vjould soon have been won. Tlie employers
v/ould have been cornpelled to lose the economic war if they had
not been assisted by the strikebreakers, because they Aould have
had no pretext to su:.iri0n the r)olice or aT>neal to the courts
a:*ainst the strikers. Then the ^: strikers, by sitting peacefully
at horrie, without as much as even c ^rr^in^; out ^
on the street, v/ould have been victorious. .. i i. 'J (.^- .,
..J >,'(.. '.-.w . .. '.. .1. v.i. J, i I 'J
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crisis aiid ill iicb si^Trer. Cur ::ra."ic, rriatin;', bclon;^5
anon; tliese. : s^Tciallv Tor -'r '.ntin- z'-:.o'c.s v: .ich edit
.^nii"; a-erc '^/:e outlcok is ver^^ ;;'Ood, Trori bhe cnc 3i::G,
trie ,eneral rn^vlic during une^vrloy-
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:.': :hoir dic^csrl, reads iiorc; on tne 'csidonti^^l election
aas a ver'.- i:i^:cr':ant
rj X
\j oc:nduc^:ed v^ainlv in '::ic coliu.in3 ol' the neTsra'Ors
^xCiQ. throu'di nvLicrou;^
ddrc3::es, v;'iic'i -j^m knov; :.U3'. be ;;as:jed out
::hrou3h us, Lur cutl'jo.: Tc^r rrorh, t^
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lOrc ciicy C6\cna ^:i ]; .ym i:..-:ir v:or::crs us li::le us
ogsioIg. i depends on Uo ".:* ct'icr to receive the ui^ aeGb ';aT ;
Oosiblo for our v/orlc, v'hich co:istitii"..es our only sO'^rco c^
inco;.- a hi;dier '-^;:e only v-V^en v;e v;ill lu;; clai;. 'x)
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results^ bocL.n::-o the crrloy^r rlacc of one v. orhcr. ..n^
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under J ' "^-"O 'rorV' "''^ir-^cj'''*^- h ''^ ^-> 1 r -'^i' %
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Desirin_ a union.
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nen L:70 'j-.-vz arc "ve nil leranded n:- inc:'eu':e in rav.
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D'ien il' Ludovr', vol
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^.) PROJ. 30275
. ^o ri
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.in t^p'OLijii 1' c': ol* TiC:.:!" or i.^iJ^in; a iivolihood,
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In
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is bi:.:e for vou nov;_, collea;:'uec fror: the
prinbin
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rl " r^ r- --.-^ r> -^ ^ "r -f vf--.- -f- . rv
asi:.*': , "CO join u.lc or Lni::-.ti-'n, vraiCii ;ill 'ivo ycu
:;;:e ];:osci- oilier of -utbin : in ^"0^r ciai:.. for ':. hi her ;
av, such as is oein:' received by other collca^uos in union ;
rintin shons. Do no-: allo-7 yov^rselvoG to h'. ex^loiwed ?;nv'.
Ion. er
Throu'h the z\x
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of all colle.
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.Ve v!^"iders ^.p-nd t^^t 7:e -..re c':;.!!!!! you '^o r.
i2':rv'j le vniica nernnds ^er- ::evorcmce, c^liu ri':/ r. -; '.:
< scura-icc cf - livcjihood Tor t';e auration oj? the stri'ce.
.:e, t -e cr cnizcc ':-y[;osettcrs , t:^': c-t cur hcnr] uo you and
c:.ll yc.: tc '> t;:!--, -re as:;urc ycv on our y.r" brocherly,
i.;oro.l
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no ^ r"''' >''^^
i^.r*^ v/^ia
su ;^orl; you -vith
all our s .r^n; ;bh end ability in your st-uryde - 'hio stru--
le in vdxich
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aij. 0^ uo v;. lO are cu*
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.- Meetin, o :' t:.o rclich rriuters' ;nionv;i:] be held at
ozv-ihor/slzi liall, corner Division and ..olt ^ts., at ^ I . ,
Saturda^^. a-b. 8.
I D 2 a (4 I D 2 a (2
III C
Dziennik Ludoxry . Vol. I, Mo. 54, J:ay 18, 1907
POLISH PRINTERS' PLEA
POLISH
The struggle undertalcen b;/ the Polish Printers' Union is just,
deserving support and attention from all aii:les
The printers turn toward the nublic, because they are convinced
that the existence of the v/orld depends on them.
The public re.-.ds and subscribes to the newspapers and with
their pennies uoholds the high priced editors, nrnLxgers and
machinists of the paper.
The public v/ho, v/ith their cents, pay for every edition of the
paper, help the" scabs."
If the public would suddenly stop supporting the "oapers, stop
giving them their pennies, fail to support them with advertisements
- where then could they Dossibly find the m.oney necessary for the
existence of the paper?
V
t
-3- POLISH
Dziennik Ludow ?/. Vol. i, No, 54, l:a:^r is, 1907
/
Thus, by thir, method the ruhlic would force the editor to "bow
hir. head "before the Tjiiicn; before the ^'^hlic.
Similar action was portrayed by the peorle of I'ilwaukee and
forced Kruszka, the editor of the Polish Courier to discontinue his
battles with the union.
A similar method ou.p:ht to be used by the ineor)le of ChicaH:o,
emd have Gordon, editor of the Polish Daily ITev;s, bend his neck
before the will of the thousands subscribing workers.
In unionism ther^ is strengthl United we can conquer those
ex"oloiters, those well dresr,ed, v/hether in dress suits or
priestly robes.
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WPA (ILL.) FROJ. 3027i
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POLISH
1
I D 2 a (4)
' Narod Polski . Vol. II, No. 8, February 23, 1898.
LAnr'SR M'HDZR CASS " (t, 'j'^^^^)
The cold blooded murder of striking- miners in Lattii-er county,
has caucTi't the reading eye of all Polish American citizens in the
United States.
The eyes of America are focused on the outcome in this case.
Lost of the murdered miners ;7ere Polish.
It is a vrritten law that all people comr;iittin^ crimes such as
in this case, re/^ardless of their standinf^ socially or
politicallr^ are to be tried in court for murder.
Ye, the Polish Ai.ierican citizens should take it upon
ourselves, to see that the blood of our comrades, who so .gallantly
^.ave their lives so that otl.ers nay profit, will not be
for^^otten; their widows who are suffering and she.lding tears,
their children left fatherless to t^-;e mercy of the town nna
county, helpless, defenseless, what is to becone of these noor
"Deonle; will their r^leas ^;:o unheard and unanswered?
The Committee for prorecution, will seek to collect damar;es as
v/ell as seeiU:*]; them prosecuted to the fullest extent of t'r.e
law.
The comm.ittee has the best lawyers obtainable to fp.ce the
lawyers and the wealth of the coal company wtio are fi^^hting to
have the s' eriff and his deputies freed.
I D 2 a (4) -2- P0LI3I
Narod Polski , Vol. II, :io. 8, February 23, 189^r^ ,^ ^
The commi':^'.: has sent out letters to ail Polish societies,
churches, coopei-ative societies f.lso to all Polish people livin/^
ia the United States to send in donations t:) continue the case
a:^ainst t> is wealthy coal company. Any amount, rerriardless
lOw lar.^e or small, will be accepted and we r^ive our heartiest
thanks for your kind con^-ributions. 3end all money to I'x. J'ohn
Nemeth,
^azelto^. Lu2 Co., ::az9lton, penn.
i
I D 2 a (4)
POLISH
'-^.
Ilarod Polski , Vol. II, IIo. 6, ?eb. 9, 189
,rA(lLL)PR0J.3U27&
lattlm::r r-.r:-:DER case ^
Wilkesbare Pa. The sheriff and his deputies were placed on trial
before a jury for the nin^der of strikin-^ coal miners in Lattimer,
?a
hlcG^riren the prosecutin'-^; attorney in his speech said that
the sheriff and his deputies jere sent out to break ur) the
strikin-^ miners in their march from Eazleton to Latti:::er.
One of the deputies said, ''I bet that 1*11 kill a few of the
strikers,** Another depiit^^ was to have said, "I have a feelin-
that we will have an opportunity to shoot at them, '*
This was some of the proofs received by attorney :,:cGahren
telling of the attitudes shown by the sheriff and his deputies
before their departure to break up the strikin,'^ miners.
KcGahren finished his speech before the jurj'' at 11 o clock,
after which witnesses were called.
The first witness to take the stand was iUidrew Siver, a Slovak,
speaking Enr^lish very well.
-2- POLISH
I D 2 a (4)
Narod Pol ski. Vol. II, Ho. 6, Feb. 9, 1898. W PA (ILL) PRO J.
30275
After bein^, sworn in, he said, '^I saw Mchael Ceslak lying dead
in the street with a bullet in his head." He also saw the sheriff
r.r. I.lartin, with his :^,un in hand, ^-ive his deputies the
sifTial to start shooting the miners.
Jolm Mahala, president of the Hard ;7ood and Coal Union, and a
Member of the United Mine .7orkers Union, pleaded with the miners
to stop their strike march; he also threatened to shoot at
them.
'iThile breaking up the strike march, one of the deputies struck
and badly injured John Rostis about the head, he also suffered a
broken hand.
Burgess Jones of ;/est Hazelton told the sheriff that he will
quiet do'/m the strikers; after the sheriff and his deputies
boarded the train for Lattiner, to await the arrival of the
strikers, who were .-iven the permission of !;!r. Jones to continue
their strike march.
Rev. Father R. Anst of St. Slaaislus Church of Hazleton and Rev.
C. Hanser, -^istor of the Lutheran Churdh in Preeland, testified
that, " on examing the killed strikers, they were all found with
bullet holes in the back or in the side of their heads, which
Droves that the strikers never had a chance to defend
themselves.'*
1 D 2 a (4) - -3- POLISH
Narod Polski , Vol. II, No. 6, Feb. 9, 1898.
o. .n f ) ppQj 3Q275
Rev. Guscott, principal of a school in Lattir.er testified that,
*'as the strikers marched by his church they were quiet and did not
cause much disturbance or trouble; he did not see any of thein
carrying firearms.
Ihen they W3re near the end of their march the sheriff and his
deputies blocked their passaQ:e. The leader and the sheriff met in
the street and talked matters over, but none of the witnesses was
close enou.^h to hear what was being said, *'If you dont come back
and stand ;7ith your fellow deputies you will be shot down,"
As the deputy turned around to return, he was shot down by his
comrades in cold blood after which the sheriff and his deputies
continued shooting. The terrified strikers turned and fled; 15 of
.them were killed. The officers of the law did not pursue the
strikers, but continued shootinf^ at the fleeinfi; miners. It
lasted about
2 or 3 minutes.
A teacher of the school in Lattimer named some of the deputies
who W3re shooting to kill; he also showed on a map the place where
the strikers made their bold but futile stand, where the sheriff
and his deputies blocked their march, and the approximate position
of the wounded strikers lying in the street.
Dr. H. M. Rillar, attending physician said that most of the
killed and wounded were shot in the back as they were fleeing. Tl:e
doctor could name 39 of the wounded by their full naraes.
I D 2 a (4 ) -4- POLISI
Narod Polski , Vol. II, No. 5, Feb* 9, 1898. ..^ .,, \ ppgj
3027%
Of this number 46 wounds were found in all; mostly causea by a
44 calibre .Winchester, a few were wounded by scatter shot rifles.
Of this number only 14 had wounds in the front of their bodies.
Seven of them died in the hospital and 32 are still in the
hospital, and 30 were dischar.^ed from the hospital. Rev. S. R.
Staffle of St. Emanuel Church said; "the strikers were orderly and
quiet, and there v/as no need for shooting.'*
Miss Crrace Goyle, a teacher said; ''I was on a veranda, when
the sheriff told his deputies to block the street before the
strikers approached; when the strikers arrived, a few of them jent
to confer with the sheriff, who was awaiting results. None of the
strikers had any firearrr.s. A few of the strikers cried out,
''march on,'* at which a few of them continued marching. As they
passed by the sheriff, the deputies opened fire onUiem, and they
fell mortally wounded; the strikers fled, but shots were fired et
them, which lasted for about 2 minutes.
After the shooting ceased I went to help some of the wounded
lying in the street, I.:r. Ross, a passerby, began to laugh at me
because i was helping the wounded strikers,'* Miss Goyle was a very
interesti.g witness, answering all cross-examination questions to
the point.
I D 2 a (4)
POLISH
Dzlennlk ChicaROski, Nov. 23, 1897,
POLES H3LP VTCTHvB OF LATHSR RIOT
(Summary)
TSie Polish Carpenters and Cabinetmakers Union, Croup 222 of the
Polish National Alliance, has sent a check for $15 to the Central
Committee, to help the widows and orphans of the victims of the
massacre of miners in Latimer, Pennsylvania* Of this amount, $250
was given by the Alliance proper, and $1250 was col- lected from
among its members* ^Article gives the names of the contributors,
and is signed by the Alliance's secretary, Alexander Raczjmski, 599
Noble Street, Chicago, Illinois^
3>
CO
I D 2 a (4)
POLISH
Dziennlk Chicagoski^ Oct. 23, 1897.
DONATIONS FOR THE MINERS
T*
The following groups of St. Stanislaus Kbstka Parish have made
contributions for the strike victims of LaHimer, Pennsylvania
CD
St. Adalbert Bishop and Martyr Society $ 6.00
Catholic Foresters, Group 482 (Pulaski) 20.00
St. Joseph Benevolent Society 5.00
Holy Trinity Society 25.00
St Stanislaus Bishop and Iidartyr Society .. 2.50
St. Aloysius Young Men*s Society 2.00
CO CD
I D 2 a (4) - 2- PSil^
Dziennik Chicagoskl^ Oct. 23, 1897.
Polish Plasterers' and Masons Union, Branch 3 . . $10.00
St. Stephen Society / 10.00
Holy Name of Mary Society 15.00
St. Michael Archangel Society . . 15.00
Sacred Heart of Jesus Society 10.00
The following members of the last mentioned society gave
voluntary donations:
1.00
Paul Giersch . Michael Nowicki Dr. J Ziolkowski
1.00
1.00
I D 2 a (4) - 3 - POLISH
Dzlennlk Chicagoskl> Oct# S3, 1897#
Peter Ligman $ SO ^
Anthony Pietrzykowski SS ^
Total $139 .SS (siCJ,
*. >^
cr r-3
J
I D 2 a (4)
POLISH
Dzlennik ChJQagoskl , Oct, 22, 1897.
MONEY SENT TO HAZLETON, PENNSYLVANIA
The Injniaculate Conception Parish is proud to announce that a
collection has ts
been made for the strike victims of Plazleton, Pennsylvania, by
a committee -^
headed by J. Nemeth. This collection amounted to $129.69, which
sum was p
turned over to the pastor. Reverend VJojtalewicz, who sent out a
check to the '^
Central Committee.
All donations are acknowledged in a book which can be inspected
at the parish ^ rectory.
Sincere thanks are extended to all donors and especially to the
collectors Luksztejtow, Chmielewski, Zygarlowski, and
Manikowski.
May God bless the hearts of all kind givers and workers.
F. Pawlowski
ro
I D 2 a (4)
POLISH
Dzlennik Chicacoski , Oct. 21, 1897. COIXECTION FOR TICTD.fS OF
xLlZLETON, PSNI^STLVAIUA
The following is a report of collections made in the Bridgeport
district for the strike victims of Ilazleton, Pennsylvania.
S, Buszkiewicz and C. Pacholski collected $31.52; Kuffel and
Konczol, $26.59; and Jacob Zimny, $22.75. A collection taken at a
meeting held on September 15 brought :H2.50. This makes a total of
093.^^6 collected thus far.
Sincere thanks are extended to the public for its
co-operation.
Apologies are made for not submitting this report sooner;
however, one of the collectors brought in donations only this
morning.
Since the list of donors is too long it would be awkward to have
it submitted for publication in Dziennik Chicagoski . The aames of
all contributors are
I D 2 a (4) . 2 - POLISH
Dzi3iinlk Chicagoski , Oct. 21, 1397.
kept on file and may be seen at the Adam Mickiewicz Library, 906
West 5?n1 Street. The books are open for inspection at any time. In
the event con- tributions are not registered in the books, the
collector or collectors will be tried by the courts.
All the money collected thus far will be turned over to the
Central Committee of Hasleton, Pennsylvania.
M. A. V/leklinski, treasurer, 3321 Fisk Street
1 ^ Z ^ i^) POLISH
Dziennik Chicagoski , July 2, 189 7
STRIKjES attack .;0RKj2R3
/ftien the thirty workers wiio replaced the strikers of the
Iroquois Furnace Company of South Chicago left their place of
employment last night, a band of men and boys attacked them.
Several v;ere struck dovm, and others were v^ounded with
stones.
Those hurt are as follows:
Frank Eaier, of 3ast Chica.-o, 30, cuts about the head.
Henry .-/itkowski, 40, He:;ewisch, several '/rounds about the
head.
Anthony Ducek, 18, of South Chicago, knocked down and severely
beaten.
Frank Celeski, 43, of South Chica.^o, hit on the head with a
piece of iron.
An unidentified person from Sast Ghiciso received severe wounds
on the head.
The South Chicago police were informed of the trouble. Officers
rushed to the 2 scene and arrested nine of the attackers. ^
cr
^ I D 2 a (4) - 2 - POLISH
Dziennik Chicagoskl , July 2, 1897.
Those arrested for creating a disturbance are as follov/s: James
Margret, Toni Rossi, Luther Rusmac, G. Dunik, Frank Mank, Mike
Russ, Nick Rich, Anthony ^ Meligan, and John Figla. '^
\
The above-mentioned factory is located at 96th Street, along the
Calumet River* ^
Until last '.Vednesday over four hundred men and boys ivere
employed, but because S
of Ioy; ;vages they went out on strike. The company replaced the
strikers with
others, and since then several small fights have occurred,
culminating in last
night s riot.
CD
CO
CD
Cr*
M
I D 2 a I D 2 a
I D 1 a Dziennik Chicagoslci , May 19, 18y7*
I D 1 b
UNIONS MD STRIKES
(Editorial)
POLISH
-o
CO
cr en
In the field of building in Chicago a misunderstanding has
arisen between labor -^ and the contractors. This has grown to such
an extent that operations are 3 practically at a standstill. This
condition has stopped the building industry from making any profit
and has halted employment for the workers* The con- tractors are
protesting against the sympathetic strikes .called by the central
labor union board* The workers, however, dispute the claims of the
contractors on the ground that they are trying to split the control
of the unions, es- pecially the carpenters, masons, roofers, and
others of the building trade*
Which side is right is not for us to say at present, for the
courts are going to pass judgment* But we cannot help but say that
sympathetic strikes should not be permissable* They interfere with
the principles of justice and right- eousness*
I D g a (4) . 2 - POLISH
I D 2 a (2)
I D 1 a Dzlennllc Chicagoski , May 19, 1897*
I D 1 b
When a contractor of carpentry takes over the work on a building
and makes an agreement with the workers which coincides with the
demands of the union, then, if he fulfills his promises to the
workers, the carpenters* union has not the right to make trouble,
or to call a strike just because another contractor, for example a
sneet metal contractor, is at oads with the sheet metal union#
:x} .3
A contractor's agreement with his workers has the same value as
any other agreements No one will feel secure, after closing a
bargain in business, if t'f one party is going to have the
privilege of breaking faith to the detriment of the other party
Let the masons strike whenever they wish* Let the plasterers
take a holiday whenever they consider this necessary, because of
the unjust behavior of the contractor* But no other contractor
should suffer from sympathetic strikes if he has treated his
workers according to agreement*
I D 2 a (4) - 3 - POLISH
I D 2 a (2)
I D 1 a Dziennlk Chicagoski , May 19, 1897*
I D 1 b
The union leaders conduct themselves in these affairs with their
first thoughts for their fellow union men* Although this is true,
they forget that ^ other conditions and obligations exist which
should be considered, especially ^ the feeling of duty and honor
c:,
r
On the other hand, however, one must consider it wrong on the
part of the con- ::^ tractors when they attempt to block the
efforts of the central union board which is striving to unite all
labor unions of the building trades into a co-operative group* Such
workers, whether they are tinsmiths, roofers, or masons, have a
common interest*
If the sympathetic strikes are called for no just reason they
must be considered evil, but if it is a matter of life or death for
the central union board then it is another matter*
I D 2 a (4)
POLISH
Dziemiik Chica^oski , May 8, 1896.
POLISH ST22L WOHKSHS STHIKS
About one hundred and fifty steel workers, mainly Polish, went
on a strike yesterday in the Union iVorks of the Illinois Steel
Coinpany, Archer and Ashland Avenues. Tliese workers are not
or^;anized, yet they had consulted v;ith each other and decided to
strike because the wages paid them for their hard labor were too
small.
CO
According to the class of work they perform, the strikers were
breakers, wheelers, and firemen, the first earned twelve and a half
cents an hour,
Zgoda. Vol. VIII, No. 31, July 31, 1889.
FROM THE CETTRAL GOVERNJ.IENT
The secretary of the Polish Union Organization informs us that
araong our fellow men who work in the mines there is a strike
bringing poverty to them and their families.
So, for this reason the central government of the Polish Union
Organization appeals to our fellow men's hearts in the United
States, "begging them to make a donation, if able to do it.
The ill fate that befell them today might haprien to us
tomorrow, so let us help now, and in the future let us pray that
our plea for help shall not be rejected,
^<
,. .
*H
I. ATTITUDES D. Economic Organization
2. Labor Or^nization & Activities b Cooperatives
*.> -
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I D 2 b POLISH
II D 10 _
II A 2 Dzieimlk Zwiazkowy . Sept, 14, 1918, /-; ( ^n
III H ALLIANCE OF P0LI2I ICIRC/iKTILJ: C0RP0R/.TI0N3 \ a *'''''
"V^^'
IV v;^ '^
During the last several years there has been a movement
afoot
among the Poliab people in America to organize numerous
mercantile organi- zations, both co-operatives and ^ndependenjtT^
corporations. These have for their purpose the saving of money for
their members in the purchase of merchandise*
Statistics show that at present there are more than three
million Poles in Ajaerica. They further show that their annual
expenditure is in excess of six hundred million dollars* This is a
comparatively conservative estimate, since upon closer inspection
it ^impl^ indicates an average ^r capita ex- penditure of two
hundred dollars per year per person. Of the six nundred million
dollars annually expended by our people, at least sixty million
dollars finds its way into the coffers of middlemen and
speculators, people who for the most part are not Poles.
I D 2 b - 2 - POLISH
II D 10
II A 2 Dzieiinik Zwiazko\yy > Sept. 14, 1918.
III A
III H The roles in i^merica are too poor and have too many needs
of
IV their own to enrich those who are not Polish. Were v/e to
save
the money which we spend today in non-Polish business establish-
ments, v/e should be able to contribute more than three times ten
million dollars toward the Polish National Fund. In what way can we
accomplish this? In what way can we retain in Polish pockets the
millions of dollars that are now flowing in a wide stream into the
hands of people not Polish, people who are often ill disposed
toward Poles? There is but one answer, but one way to solve this
question. It is necessary to cover all Polish settlements with a
network of members united in a single powerful organi- zation, the
Alliance of Polish Llercantile Corporations.
We know the amount of good which co-operatives have done, v/hat
great benefits have been derived in Poland through such
organizations as the Trades- men's and Farmers' Alliance, the
Tradesmen's Protective Association, and the Alliance of
Co-operatives. Here in America likewise we know of the great
I D 2 b - 3 - POLISH
II D 10 ^^
II A 2 Dziennik aviazkowy , Sept. 14, 1918. " n^
III A \l. '"
III H amount of money saved for our Polish element by the Polish
League C.^_^
IV of Building and Loan Associations. We also know what great
progress
has been made in that direction by similar American
organizations,
such as, for example, the Co-operative League of America, the
United National Clothiers, the Retailers' Co-operative League, and
many others. In view of this why should not our Polish people
create entire networks of Polish commer- cial organizations and
unite them in one powerful alliance? Many Polish settle- ments in
America already have commercial organizations. The thing to do new
is to unite them.
The aims and the purpose of the Alliance of Polish Mercantile
Corporations will be as follows: 1) To organize Polish corporations
and co-operatives in all Polish settlements throughout the United
States; 2) To give legal and profession- al aid to Polish business
concerns of that type already existing; 3) To audit the Records o^
the concerns affiliated with the Alliance; 4) To supply pro-
fessionally trained people to conduct the businesses of affiliated
concerns;
^ P 2 ^ - 4 - POLISH II D 10
II A 2 . Dziennlk Zwiazkowy , Sept* 14, 1918*
III A
III H and 5) To promote co-ooerative wholesale purchases IF
An alliance of that type would not only save large sums of money
for the Polish people in the purchase of their goods but would also
prepare the way for numtsrous Polish businessmen to leave for
Poland at the termina- tion of the present European war* There they
would be in a position to apply themselves to the task of
nationalizing Polish trade and commerce*
In order that a project of so vast importance may not terminate
in words but be made an active reality, the Polish Palatine
Corporation has ex- tended a credit of one thousand dollars to the
newly organized Alliance* In addition to that the president of the
Palatine Corporation, I\Ir* Joffeph Hierzynski, has made a
voluntary personal contribution of one thousand dollars toward the
Alliance of Polish Mercantile Corporations to cover organization
expenses* All that is left for our people to do is to become active
for the benefit of the Alliance, and in a short time We shall be In
a
''' .1-
I D 2 b - 5 - POLISH
II D 10 /^^^\
II A 2 Dziennik 2i^wViazkQwy , Sept. 14, 1918. A- ^ ^:i,\
III A '^ '""* '^' III H position to show to the vorld at large
of what accomplishments 17 Poles are capable.
The first thing to do is to come to an understanding among
ourselves. Consequently all Polidi business organizations now
existing, as well as groups which contemplate forming corporations
or co-operatives in their vicinity, should communicate with the
temporary organization committee. This committee is composed of the
executives of the Polish Trade Alliance. All interested persons
should address their inquiries to the Alliance of Polish Mercantile
Corporations, 1112-1114 Llilwaukee Avenue, Chicago, Illinois.
Dgiennik Zwiazkowy, J an. 26, 1914
POLISH
- ' :: i
POLISH TAILOilS CO- OPERATIVE
(Ne\7s)
A Polish tailors' co-OPerative has been organized and is
registered under the name "Hew Style Tailors Co-orerative. " The
aim and purpose of this new Organization is to attain a sizable
work-shop in which to produce a better kind of garment to the
PTeater satisfaction of customers^
The capital stock of $5,000 will be sold in shares of 325.00
each. A mass meeting to promote interest in the Co-operative will
be held on January 25, at 2 P. iJ.at V/alsh's Hall-, corner Noble
and Emma Streets,
POLISH
I D P b Dziennik Zvfis,zkov r/ , Z;^odp., Jati* 13, 1910.
I D 1 a _ ' " _,
/CO-OPi;iL"iTIVES_/ ' ' ,..
We pre constantl;/ r/ritinf^ snd. talkirip aloo^^t the hif:h
cost of livinq-, about the conpitant increase in nrice of the "bare
necessities of life, 'anj'' rea^^ons are advcriiced for the cause
of these conditions. Sone hlnre it on the trusts, on the nev;
tariff lav/s, the r.iodle nan, etc., but re^f^rdless of this the
consumer is the one v/ho nays.
As a result, there is a nover.ent at -^->resent to forr^
co-OT)erative organizations, v/hich '.rould check or c\irb ahn.ses
of these sr^eculators and rrice manipulators.
For exanrle: a Vichi.q:an farner receives from $1.00 to 31,20
for a barrel ^f apr^les at the Chicago rarket but by the tine these
apples finally reach the consumer the cost is about five cents for
each a-nr^le. Ilovr let us see what mrofit this farner ^ade on t^is
barrel of a^'>rles at ^l.SO. The cost of the barrel is 30 cents,
frei2:ht by boat 2D cents ^^er barrel, the balance must cover
taxes, "^rocuction, "oqckin.q: ajid ^:eneral overhead. Fron these
fibres it is evident that the producers' T)rofit is
iiisi'Tificant.
Imn.ense profits are reali:'ed on faxn products before they
finally rea^ch the consumer. The sTnecula.tor and rrice
naxii-'^'ulator alvv'ays ret their ^^rofit first. Sore peor>le
think hirh rrices arc due to a shortage of ar)r'les in trie United
States. This, hov/ever, is not true, becaiise liurore considers th^
Unlt"c' States the source of the finest aD-oles. It is one of our
best customers..
POLISH
, :> .>
I D 2 b -3-
I D 1 a
Dzlennlk Zwlazkowy, Zgoda, Jan, 13, 1910. ' .
To combat these evils, there is a movement on foot to organize
co-operatives. These organizations will buy in large quantities
direct from the producer and resell to the ultimate consumer at a
great saving, for the profits of these middle men will he
eliminated.
The cooperative idea is not a new one. In Europe there are a
great many of these organizations. They are fimctioning profitably,
to the advantage of both the organization and the consumer.
Very few of our people are engaged in this produce business,
therefore, we do not realize any of the profits of these middle
men* We are the consum.ers; that is why it would be wise on our
part to organize acurchases. Throughout Europe, co-operatives of
this nature have been formed, in both the smaller, and the larger
cities. Products of the farm and factory go directly to the
consumer at a great saving. Products oi the farm reach the consumer
without stopping off at the cold storage warehouse.
I D b
P0LI3:
Dzien nik Chlc anos':i , Ji^n. IG , 1B96.
.X its .eetin;; 1-sL junda:', 7-nu-r:^ 1:3, the John j.II
3cbi3s::i Jocioty of
Jouth Chicn-o .locidod to pui-chass 1^.: siiarjo oi* stoci: (ten
dollars 2:-er share j "J
i'l a rclisli eo-c-^erativo store to bo oiT:anizGd in this
co.uiiunitv.
j^
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I D 2 b POLISH
Dziennik Ghicagosld. ^ Jan. 16, 1896
THE STOCK COMPANY STOPJl IN SOUTH CHICAGO
(Letter)
Despite all kinds of interference, the project of the Polish
Stock Gorapany, organized to carry on a co-operative store in South
Chicago, is going for- ward steadily. Notwithstanding the obstacles
of our erstwhile friends and Jewish agents, the project is
continually gaining friends among the Poles here in South
Chicago*
r-^
Although the factories have suspended work for an indefinite
period, the Q shares of stock are eagerly sought, and, to date 800
shares amounting to ^^^ $8,000 have been already sold. It is to be
expected that the factories will soon reopen. This will contribute
greatly to the success of this project.
The next meeting of the propaganda committee of the Business
Corporation of South Chicago will be held on Friday, January 17, at
7 P. M. , in the rectory. Bond Avenue and 83rd Street.
V/. Pacholski.
I D 2 b III A I L IV
POLISH
Dziarinik Chicagoskl , Nov. 13, 1893. MEETING CONCERNING THE
PROJECTED l^OLISH COLONT IN NijlBRASKA
A meetin^Tn the matter of the Polish colonization project/was
held Satur- day at Fiszer's Polish restaurant near Milwaukee
Avenue. In the absence of H. Lubienski, the meeting was opened by
I. Machnikowski. He explained that Lubienski, accompanied by
J^.'b'.Aj' Sataleckl and Majewski, had gone to Nebraska to purchase
land for the colony. He then called upon Lir. Wrzesinski to preside
over the meeting; the appointment was unanimously approved by the
gathering.
The chairman named Machnikowski secretary and than addressed the
meeting at length on the aims of the project. His arguments,
supported by statis- tics and experiences of his own from the old
country, were favorably re- ceived. 'rfVhen he had finished, he
asked other meinbers of the gathering to take the floor.
Mr. Hewel*s question as to whether persons who do not possess
any ready
I D 2 b
- 2 -
POLISH
Dziennik Chicagoski> Nov. 13, 1893.
Ill A I L IV
cash can take part in the colonization, was answered in the
affirmative by the chairman, ^l^. .Vozniak asked vAiether there are
any limitations on the acreage that each settler can possess. Tlie
chairman explained that the smallest farms will probably be about
forty-five acres, and that, as a matter of fact, each settler can
purchase as much land as his capital allows, although a certain
limit as to the largest number of acres will probably be set. Such
a limitation will be made in order to prevent too great a
difference between the richest and the poorest farmers.
As to farm buildings, the chairman explained, in answer to Vlr.
Kotecki's question, that the Association will probably foot all
construction costs, and each farmer v/ill repay this in yearly
installments according to the size of his farm. In reply to another
question, Mr. Machnikowski stated that beets bring from six to
eleven times as much profit as wheat.
Mr. Korejwo inquired about the conditions on wtiich land may be
acquired. The chairman replied that twenty-five per cent of the
value of the land will
o
I D 2 b - 3 - POLISH
III A
I L Dziennik Chicagoskl , Nov. 13, 1893.
IV
be payable down, while the balance will be payable in rates
spread over several years. The aim of the Association to be formed
will be twofold: first, acquisition of its own land; and second,
establishment of its ovm sugar refinery. Railroad companies have
already promised to co-operate with the Association.
The discussion, though in general harmonious, was disturbed by
J. Rybakowski, who made personal attacks on individuals concerned
with the Association's affairs. Ee foresaw exploitation by a few,
impoverishment, and abandonment of the farms. The chairman refuted
his arguments, lllr. Broel explained that Mr. Rybakowski 's
outburst was caused by his removal from the committee that went to
Nebraska; the/real- estate/agent had denied him a railroad ticket
on the grounds that he is an anarchist. I.!r. Rybakowski did not
deny this and thereafter kept his silence.
Twenty-four new members joined the Association.
I. Machnikowski, secretary.
I D 2 b POLISH
I L
IV Dziennik Chicagoski > Nov. 6, 1893.
POLISH FARM SETTT.F.MRNT ASSOCIATION HOIDS MEETING
About a hundred and fifty people interested in a Polish
co-operative agricul- tural settlement gathered at the restaurant
hall near Milwaukee Avenue at three o'clock yesterday ^unda^/
afternoon. Henry Lubienski was called upon to preside over the
meeting, and he in turn, named I. Machnikowski secretary.
John V/rzesinski read a carefully prepared report giving an
account of the tour made by himself and Lubienski through Nebraska,
Wyoming, and Colorado, the object of which was to find a suitable
site for the settlement. The speaker gave a competent estimate of
the land costs and economic conditions in a number of the places
visited; he pointed to the benefits which could eirise from
establishing the settlement in eastern Nebraska, where the beet
sugar industry has begun to develop.
Lubienski confirmed the facts stated in Wrzesinski's report and
discussed the most expedient methods of acquiring farms; he
expanded on the possible profits
W.P.il.
I D 2 b . 2 - POLISH
I L ~
IV Dziennik Chicagoski , Nov. 6, 1893.
from the cultivation of sugar beets, either for the two beet
sugar refineries already existing in Nebraska, or a nev*; one which
could be established, ^e said that/ this can only be successful
through co-operation, and that if a greater number of Polish
colonists agree to settle on the same site, the costs will be much
smaller and much better terms can be arranged. Many attractive
propositions have been offered.
The speaker also mentioned ^he fact that/ the Reverend
Jakimowicz, a pastor of Omaha, was favorably inclined toward the
project and had rendered the delegates many important services; he
spoke of the friendly information and advice given by Prasecki and
Knota, two farmers who have lived at St. Paul, Nebraska, for a long
time.
J. I^bakowski supported this colonization plan. I^chnikowski
asserted that he knows of a few score families who are ready to
move to the colony and who possess the necessary means.
/s. jJJ A. Satalecki agreed as to the competency of Wrzesinski s
report and
W.P.A.
I D 2 b I L IV
- 3 -
POLISH
Dziennlk Chicagoskl , Nov. 6, 1893<
spoke in favor of turning the attention of the Poles to farming
as an escape from the poverty which threatens them in the
overpopulated American cities The speaicer believed in the
possibility of establishing a sugar refinery which would be the
property of the settlers themselves They could soon pay off the
debts on their land from the profits of beet production and could
then share in the profits from sugar refining. The speaker regarded
this idea as a sound ajid useful one*
P C. Broel warned that the Association should make agreements
with the rail- roads as to freight charges, in order to prevent
later exploitation ^y the railroad companies/*
Rudzinski spoke of his experiences with sugar beet production in
Poland, where the farmers rapidly became prosperous wherever the
beet sugar industry developed, He made a motion that a new
delegation be dispatched to Nebraska for the immediate purchase of
the necessary land.
The gathering accepted this motion and the meeting was
adjourned. The nexl^"^
I D 2 b - 4 - POLISH
I L
IV Dziennlk Chlcagoski ^ Nov. 6, 1893.
meeting will be held on Saturday, November 11, at seven o'clock
in the evening, at the same place
Twenty-three new names were added to the membership list of the
Polish Farm Settlement Association in addition to the original
fifteen.
3Ci^
! ATTITDDBS D, Economic Organization 2. Labor Organization Sc
Activities c, Uneii5)loyment
I D 2 c
T r *
prLIS^i
*' ^ r r;
* ' '' (iLL> rrtOj j/i>yi
Przebudzeni>=- , Vol* V, i.o. 29, July 16, 1931. "^^'^
;VIiAT T':^L10RR0W?
The sibMSxti'^n ^'n o\)r belo'-'ed America is "^eoonin-'^ worse
and worse.
Detroit has spent 1? million dollars to save the unemployed from
starvation; and no'.v, after all funds have been exhausted, the
ciby is compelled to close down the s'lelters for the noor
unevaployed*
j\ll the ^2;ovornment is doin^" to >*emedv this dei:.ression
is to persuade the masses cV hun^^ry neo^le that better tiroes are
.iust around th*^ corner.
To complete the evil, thous.'^nds of b^n'^s went bankrupt and
tens of thousands of unemployed workers lost their last, mearer
funds.
If America could find a hundred m-'lli-n dollars to aid
"erTiiany, let her find monev to rescue m.'llions of her own
starvint- people.
/^
I D 2 c
Dziennik Zjednocr.enia , J'an. 3, 1929
There is nc ercaoe frcn cl:I sre, is a "/ell-Icncrn Polish
-iroverb.
It is an involunt---r7 sorivence in;cred upon rian*s life. .^nC.
it bocones
hardor Tor those \'rio h. ve passed hair the c'pzxn of their
life to find a ne:-; job .hen tliey lose t-;eir eld one.
POLIlB
hicaro is a t:''nical e:can*;le. There ar: :;anv old persons
v;ho s-y there is no v/ork.
x^or every industrial job, filled by an old individual, v;ho
cannot v;crk \'ith the intensity and enerr^y of a youn.-^ pei-son,
there are one hundred younr^er c^.ndi dates '.vaitinn. To riake
riatters v/crse for the old vjorkers, these younp: nan claiin
t:i-.t they can produce nore cind v;crk better. Today the streets
are filled v;ith r.any sa.d and unfortunate individuals v;ho have
v;orked ::any years, and nov: find theiaselves without v/crk,
v/ithout any savings, '..'ithcut any re.cird for their labors.
' ^^
- 2 - ,-^
Dziennik ^jednoczenia , Jan. 8, 1929.
They go every\7here, :-.skin^ for work. l.^ny tinies, in their
search for work, they are ridiculed. Ixt ti::;es, they are told
that there is no need for old men in industry.
Oper.ings available at employnent offices, bureaus, and other
sources of eriployment, are filled by ycunc men. It is apparent
fron this outlook t'.au there is even a short' .^^e of v;ork for
them.
The older v/or.en have suffered more in t-his instance. The
younfrer generation is filling all the positions older vrnen once
held, x'hose v;ho v;ant to understand the full ne-ininr of t:us
-^ror.lem c:-n ret a better r:liinpse of it along I'-Iadison
Ctreot. I'ere you v:ill find Lien from all vralks of life v'ithout
v;ork ?.nd homeless.
I D 2 c
POLISH
Dziennik Zjednoczenia , Jan. 7, 1929, CHILD LaBCR L!UST }1^
^Chronic unemployirient is an unnecessary evil and we do not
have to be its Vict ins," statev: Dr. I. A. Lapp, professor of
Ilarqueote University. In his opinion, tliis problem can be 3olved,
if not completely, at least in part^
At present employment is being ^iven to a vast army of youn/r
vvorkers under sixteen years of af^e. This should be forbidden by
federal law. By so doing, in a shor^ time v;ider fields v/ould be
open to the unemployed who have to support families. This law
v/ould nive these youngsters a better opportunity tc prepare
themselves for their work by attending school.
"V/e do not have to have child labor," declared Professor Lapp.
"The idle hands of the laboring classes are increasing daily. It
should be considered a crime to employ children under the age of
sixteen. This would eliminate the fruitless search for work of many
men. Unemploy^Tient is becoming a chronic condition. Several
statistical reports indicate that this is gradually becoming
y
/^.
- 2 -
POLISH
>'.uA.
Dziennik Zjednoczenia , Jan. 7, 1929,
a 3-:;ricus problem, l^rom the 3^ears 1925 to 192o, 400,000
people xvere added to the une.Tiployed. And yet T)roduction
increased a billion dollars.
*^The railroads help increase uneifiDloyiaent . During the past
eif^ht years ever tv/c niillion workers have left farms to find
ejiiployxaent in the large cities. The time is beco.;dng ripe for
Uo to p:et together and solve this menacing problem before a
catastrophe arises," contended Irofessor Lapp.
Dr. Lapp shares the sar^e opinion of other experts in economics,
;'7ho claim that this condition v;ill result in ^Treat damage to
posterity. There is no reason why children should v;ork whose
parents are uneriployed and in perfect condition to work for the
sunport of th.ir fa^iilies.
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I D 2 c
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-incl vor":-^-^ : solv^ the Glu\;atio::
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looking ^it tliBL^e af-'-iir. , d
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"! " -i '- -. oV-^encies of this kind arise, there is no
alternative but to leave her domestic duties a^id seek employment.
These abnormal conritions, in many c/ises^are caused by the hif;h
cost oH livin,;. ".le should admire a -vife who has the courage to
work and carry the fin^nci.al burden so t'v t h^^r fanil:' can
exist.
We are not, liowever, concernea v/ith v:omen v;ho are forced to
v/ork but Avith the youn^: sooust-s w::0 feel lonesome at home when
their husb/inds work, while they are unable to fine diversion of a
aomestic nature. A younn p.arried v/oman scans the want-ac ?nCtion
of a nrnvs-oa-er and fin^s that help is v/anted at her former
tra-.e. She ain-lie^ and is hired. She is now, however, working
just for er-tra mone:; an not because the family is in need. Her
husband earns a good sal.'-ry, but he !ias maiiy installments to
pay on the mortgr-ge, radio, furniti-re, car, and manv other
luxuries v^iich are su-oerfluous. Phen again, many hush'-ncis only
think of their own comfort.
POLISH
-n-
I D 2 c
I K D7,i>-.-nik Z. p d::Oczei.in. ?:ay 12, 1923. : ') i'H JJ.
3U^/'i'
The;/ are not concerriea vit'. tl.e '^rxt^^ s hrr^ine's arid
coutentrient but think their -nnrtners '"^.ist v/ork to .'-Ir Day
uim^^ce^sar;; bills.
There are, howt^v. r, thousarios o: riasorir for t-.e a.nbitions
of ther.e v/onen who^ instead of ivorlrin.^ in st~>rer., oifices
or fnctorieG, n'lo'ilci rerain in their prober r,l:ice, ana that
i:-i at :^one# Thiey s" oul:i consider the t^iou'.-.anf: s v/ho
rruBt shift for thenr.elvec, \vidov;s r;ith children, younf^
f:irls, and the many fathers, who are uiir-ble to provide for
t'^-eir families becavse of the un- enr>lo;7*ient sitr^tion.
We carmot insi?;t that married \7nnen. renor.nce their jobs
becr;-*^^ their Viusbands are eTr'rlo2/ed at fair v/ares. But this
would solve the r^resent un- enT^lo^rnent r>robler, as
vacaricies are thereb; r>rodur-ed for +^^hos;e who now are
Tvonderin.?^ if work na;/ be found in the fut;:re, 30 '.hat their
beloved ones may not starve.
V/hen conr'ition^^ imr^rove^ "ith enoiiA positions for Pvll,
then r^arried women can work. At rres^nt they s/iould consider tlie
existinc?; situation and heir) their nt^i-^hbors who are without
means of a livelihood.
POLISH I D 3 c Dziennik Zjednoczenia, April 10, 1928,
T J) O ck ( p^
I D 1 a TH3 UITS?TL0YM3MT PROBLEf! .'*-'^ (iLL.)
PRuJ.iUZ/':^
(Editorial)
In comnaririr!: 2uroT)ean nations with the United States, it is
difficxilt to obtain exact figures about the unerrnloyed; the truth
is that responsible persons, who should aid in this situation,
disT)lay no interest. Therefore, the slogan: "Help yourself," is
decidedly too ambi^ous. We have millions who are unable to help
themselves, and castin^^ them uDon a nation's fate, does not help
their country. What then is needed to carry on suitable
unemployment statistics? The best answer for this problem is to
define the exact number. The Secretary of Labor, Mr. Davis
announced that at r^resent there are 2,000,000 unemt)loyed people
in the United States. Senator Shipstead, of the United States
Congress, asserts that over 8,000,000 r^ersons are looking in vain
for an opportunity to earn a livelihood. The assertion of said
senator, however, does not uphold the report of the National
I'anufacturers Association, which, according to the situation of
the markets, has increased its employment in the past few
months.
In the 1,078 industries in the thirty-nine states, it was
reported that at present 663,015 people are employed; as for the
same Tieriod, last year, 655,015 people were employed. Figures
submitted by the industries concerned, show, that the present
percentage of employment in factories is eighty-seven and
five-tenths percent; compared with the same period, last year, the
percentage was only eighty-one
POLISH I D 2 c -2-
I D 1 a *''- ('-U PROJ.c)(i^;^
I D 2 a (2) Dziennik Zjednocz^-nia, A-ril 10. 1928.
In pre-election r eriocis observers usually
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h'ls an amy oi" P>OOyOGO
i-> r^Q-'izi^ a^^-aiiist Jor. i *n tr:/lo3..:"n vrorl'in': in
"b^iif^ country. n:?a3^ Tith alien ;;orlce::'3 has "ieccne a
c.-.;cro. It i:3 j-^ti v;ted t"i:.t t'..i3 :. ar:) about ::,COC,OCO
v:it^\out v'orn in t:i' "..nitoa _;t.vL.^^:.
tc^ notice Lho ;-iarl.ed incr ano in un3:nlov-
-- , , 4- 4-
i^ coMLiti^^?! arose fro:: an entirely ciffe::'ent source*
l-rGviouo to t.i-, .:\: iient, it -^as holirv -C .urierican
7;ealtli, ij-sea on t"i'^ aT?ra^e ^^:- .rnin:;'"a oj* tli'^ ".vera
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pov:er i' ai*adually ~:ro;in"', accordina to statistics, j'roa the
ye-irs 19lJ ta l^^;-. :.ias:] production in t 'is coiuitry has
incr.as^a "S.6 per cent, th-: vrorrers- -'..^-.ez hLive increased
r.4 "oer cent. ( t^ r 3ourC':.'S s":on' t mt th^^ inuivi. ual -or"'
o:.* za': factory hand in. industry has incr ased by 40.7 per
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^^, POLISH
Dziennik Z Jecinoczeniay '.arch 5, 1928. v-',^.-
THE THUTH ABUUr THE TOTAL :iU:3E\ 0? Ui;S!.i^ LOYED
(Editorial)
The "American rederationij^t", t'-'e voice of the Areric^n
x'eaeration of Labor, in statistic? spourfd in 2."* ler^e cities
shov/r-; that IV, 3 rercent of the T-^orkers w?.o are '^.e^^berr of
a union are idle. This is pxi increar^e of .04 -^ercent over that
of the Inst r;rblic-tion. Of tr.e lnrr:er cities, "Paltinore has
the greater increase rer ca.rita Tvhich is 42.5 rercent; nr-xt in
line is Cleveland rdth 3.".8 , followed by "Buffalo rit- 26.7
r^prcent, :>r York, 24.2 ', Los An-:-ele-, 22.7? and Jersey City
21. 6-. Chica.^o, has in "^ror^ortion the siTiallf^st nr.rber of
unenr^loyed union workers; only 7.8 ' are idle.
The sCTv^nd total of une-^^ loved reaches V'e fo;,r million
r^ark. This total, however, is really fpr rre'^ter beca^^se of the
ti!^e reouired to corn"nile strrtistics throu^^h the orp;an of the
Arr^ricnji Epderation of Labor. If 17 of the skilled union
v^^orkers . are v/ithout errr^loynent , the -'ercenta'e of
une^-^lo^ed must bp si^bstantiplly /T-reater. The unions have,
however, an or.^pr.izec F.yt'=TT^ for aidinr the unen'oloyed in
their search for ror]':. The "A:^eri^ cr^n ?ed^r'^tionist'' (""oe^
not f^vor the -^resent situation, nor coes it offer p:. ^^oli^tion
to t e r^roblen of ^jnemr-loy^^^nt ; neithfr do'^s it remove the
idea, thr t the nain cauTe of unerr'^lo^^ent is ox'er -oroduction,
and ^oor distri- bution. These -^rev*- ilin-^ conditions c^ijIc, to
r.o-^e decree, be re^t-died fcr the 5:ood of the country in
^'^nernl. ?"^;is c^:\ be accon-^Aislied by riain-^ the na.jor
as
Dziennik Z,iPcinoc2'=^nia, V'-^^rch 5, 19:-}8,
FOLIS:
well as the minor inaDstries. If, hovever, ve a.re to jud.'re
the r>re.n viLDPROJ. 30275
This f^nall nortion of the population truly v/acies in rreat
vealth; but the fact is that some of this wealth has been
acci^>^^ilated by ot-ers, howr-ver, the truth renains, tha-t
t-ie tv/enty-nine one-hunoreths of one r^ercent of the population
in this country, has a monopoly on the wealth in their grasr*. The
United States census shows a population of 115 million people, of
which, .'^.'^3,400, are classified as wealthy.
In 1926, the United States Steel Co.. showed a net profit of
$134,837,957., which was $25,386,172., rore than in 1925.
Therefore, it is not surrrisin^r that, the president of this
corporation, f'r. Ga.ry, sees great prosperity in the future.
On the other hnjid, there were G,6'^3 banlrruTotcies in the
first quarter of 1925, or nine T^ercent nore t'\an in 1926. The
aforpnentioned facts "orove who has control and benefits from this
wealth.
1
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POLISH
-' zie^ini:.: .y/.viazLo -;;, , l.'uv. , lv-J.4.
By Votirxr for tlie ^ropOGuls You Can '^ase the lAstress of the
roor
Toiiorrov; the voters v;ili decide not only v/h v;ill be in
office una which 2
party vjill b ''the i>arty in po:;cr" until tne ::ext
election, buL tney vail c:i
also decide v;uetner nuncr-jd:: o t/.ousands of unerrtployed
v;ili continue to ^
valh uhe streets of uho city of Chicago, or \;liethL r uhe
:.iunicir;a-L adiainistra- tion Vvil.. c-'-^ 2.id in the form o
v/ork to tho people v;ithout resources. ..liether this action is
bt:ie:un v/ill depend on the results of the votin>i on the
'kittle ballot".
fhe proposals on the ''little ballot" relate in r;eneral to the
improveiiient of sidev;alKs, the widenin.; of streets, the buildinc
of bridges, etc.
\!q believe that citizens, botii luen and -vomen, should vote
^^es'^ on the
v.-
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o
POLISH
I D 2 c .
I i'"" 3
I 1'' 1 ^:ziennik ::.wiazLov;y . ::ov. 2, 11-14.
I i:
I H proposed rojects, :*or lIir rollov.in- reasons:
(1) The projects are necessary and v;ill be v/orth a p,reat deal
more than tiieir cost.
(2) '2Ae3e projects vjill decrease the nuiabor o:' unemployed
and v;ill tiius a-D least partiaxl/ solve the very difficult
probleia of ui-iernoloy- j.ient.
(3) ^hej v;ill hel - brin:" about a relative in:>rove]:ient
in econoiLic conditions in all parts of the city.
(4) '^'aey v;ill iiel:: reduce the cost of naintaininr .cruards
to refuiate t;ic traffic on the streets.
[o) if these projects are not uer.un nov; tiicir cost ;vill
increase. (6) fiicy will ]ielp inpr-ove ciie .'janitary condition
of the city.
Dziennik Ziviazkovr/ i3 convinceu that votinr, for u.e proposeu
projects in the "little ballot" v.'ill help brinf^ about necessary
ijnpr overrents, and therefore
o
I
D 2 c
I
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c^
zioinir: -.;ibZ..ov; v, :.ov. L, 1914.
Tzos it. J reacors uc voLt? "yei:".
"'0LI3K
Both ::ien *ind v/oi.en c.n vote u.. l:.o ''Iiiti^e ballot
'.
_o
I D 2 c I D 2 a 4
PCLISH
Narod Pol ski. Vol. XXIII, June 3, 1?14*
WPAdLUPROJ.^O^/:)
From every Polish district co:nes news to us about the shortage
of jobs, that consequently creates herd time?.
The main cause of this crisis in the trade end business, es well
as in life and or^^ani zational develooment, nre strikes.
There is a short review about hard tl-es. In tlie great Chic^:^
slaughter houses tre decree.se in production becomes ^jradually
greoter* They are constantly laying off v/orVers. Ni-turally, in
the last months there v/as a notiible dro^^ in the :uantitv of
slaughtered cattle.
r-'trike of the Chicu^o brick kllii workers again lengthens. At
the pre.^ent time only 2,P^'^ v;orkers are on strike, -^o^vf^ver.
about S50,0''^0 bricklayers nre out of a job because they have no
bricks.
^rick kiln ovrners intend to break the strike with the heln of
scabs.
POLISH
I D 2 C Dziennik Zw i^^zk ory, ..'ov. 23, 1910. -/;' I
III B 3 a r^
T J TIIAi:K3:"7lVIK(} DAY - A DAY C? T\7C?CLD DUTT - '
(Euitorial.)
Thanksgiving Day, which is bein^r observea tonorrov/ is a
snlendid American tradi- tional CTlstO.-n,
The avera/^e Arierican h\lsine?^l ran who ir occjried with the
^^roblems and duties of trr-de anu comnerce, hecones truly
ideali'^'.tic on this holiday by observin. ana -^-ivinr thajnks to
the Creator for th^ecavse tney h
