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© Boardworks Ltd 20061 of 18
© Boardworks Ltd 20062 of 18
© Boardworks Ltd 20063 of 18
There are three major habitat types in the world.
land freshwater marine
How do organisms survive in such different habitats?
Different types of habitat
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A habitat is only populated by organisms that are adapted to survive there.
Adaptations increase an organism’s chance of survival and so increase its chance of reproducing.
What is adaptation?
Adaptations are special features or behaviours that make an organism particularly suited to its environment. They are part of the evolutionary process.
Why is it important that living things are adapted to their environment?
Why is reproduction so important for all living species?
© Boardworks Ltd 20065 of 18
© Boardworks Ltd 20066 of 18
How are polar bears adapted to their extremely cold climate?
thick fur and body fat insulate from the cold
large, wide feet spread the body’s weight and act as good paddles and snow shoes
white greasy fur repels water and acts as camouflage
How are polar bears adapted?
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Other adaptations that polar bears have evolved to cope with conditions in the harsh polar environment include:
eyes have brown irises to reduce the glare from the Sun’s reflection
small ears and small body surface area to volume ratio reduces heat loss
black skin is a good absorber of heat
More polar bears adaptations
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camels have three stomachs
Camels are amazing creatures! Did you know that:
Curious camel facts
some camels live to over 40 years old
some Bactrian camels can transport 450 kg
archaeological finds show that camels originated in North America
Somalia is home to over six million camels!
© Boardworks Ltd 20069 of 18
wide feet spread out body weight on shifting sand
How is a camel adapted to life in a very hot, dry climate?
little water is lost through sweating or urination
long, thin legs help to increase body surface area and increase heat loss
fat is stored together in the hump to reduce overheating
How is a camel adapted?
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nostrils can be closed for protection during sandstorms
very varied diet, ranging from grass and bark to thorns and bones.
long eyelashes and furry ears prevent sand and dust from getting in
What other adaptations have camels evolved to cope with the harsh desert environment?
More camel adaptations
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leaves are narrow spines to reduce water loss and protect from predators
water stored in a fleshy stem, and a thick, waxy surface reduces water loss
How is a cactus adapted to life in a very hot, dry climate?
roots are either very deep, or shallow and widespread to catch surface water
How is a cactus adapted?
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How is this shark adapted to an aquatic environment?
streamlined shape to reduce friction when moving through water
gills have a large surface area so that oxygen can be extracted from the surrounding water
silver colouring allows the fish to be camouflaged
Aquatic adaptations
fins provide stability, power and control
© Boardworks Ltd 200613 of 18
Plants can live in acid or waterlogged soils where there is little nitrate. Some plants have evolved a rather cunning adaptation to obtain the nutrients they need.
Hairs on the slippery inside of the plant are angled down to ensure that the victim cannot escape!
Pitcher plants have a large hollow filled with fluid that traps insects or other small organisms that may fall in.
The plant digests its victims to absorb the nitrates it needs!
Unusual plant adaptations
© Boardworks Ltd 200614 of 18
© Boardworks Ltd 200615 of 18
Glossary
adaptation – A special feature or behaviour that makes an organism particularly suited to its habitat.
cactus – A plant that is well adapted to a hot, dry habitat.
camel – An animal that is well adapted to a hot, dry habitat.
freshwater – A habitat consisting of rivers, lakes or streams.
habitat – The environment in which an organism lives.
marine – A saltwater habitat consisting of the seas or oceans.
polar bear – An animal that is well adapted to a very cold habitat.
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Anagrams
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Which adaptation?
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Multiple-choice quiz