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ROME
THE ROMAN REPUBLIC
ORIGINS OF ROME Built on a nearly
perfect location for trade and resources.
Settled by a group called the Latins who interacted closely with Greece (culture influence)
REPUBLIC Form of
government where power rests with the citizens to vote for their leaders (representatives) Free born
males were citizens
PATRICIANS AND PLEBEIANS Patricians:
Wealthy landowners who held most the power.
Plebeians: Common farmers, merchants, and artisans who were the population majority.
TRIBUNES AND CONSULS Tribunes:
Representatives of the Plebeians and protected their rights.
Consuls: Two elected officials. Like kings they controlled the army and directed the government. Only served 1 year One consul could
overrule the other.
SENATE Aristocratic
branch of government.
300 members all chosen from the upper class.
Influenced both foreign and domestic policy.
DICTATOR A leader
with absolute power to pass laws and control the military in a time of crises.
Appointed by the Senate and Consuls.
LEGIONS Roman soldiers
were organized into legions of about 5,000 highly trained and disciplined infantrymen.
All male citizens were required to serve 10 years in the legions.
PUNIC WARS AND HANNIBAL Punic Wars: Series of
wars fought between Carthage and Rome. Rome was victorious giving it complete control of the Mediterranean Sea.
Hannibal: Famous general from Carthage that almost defeated Rome. Revolutionary in military tactics.
THE ROMAN EMPIRE
COLLAPSE AND CIVIL WAR Collapse:
Widening gap between rich and poor resulted in peasant/slave revolts.
Civil War: The assassination of 2 popular tribunes resulted in Civil War.
JULIUS CAESAR Elected Consul and
went on to become a popular general by conquering Gaul.
Using his popularity and support of the army, Caesar seized power from the Senate along with two other popular politicians and generals (triumvirate).
CAESAR’S REFORMS 1. Gave Citizenship to
more people outside of Rome.
2. Expanded the Senate (added people loyal to him)
3. Started new construction projects (created jobs)
All of these made him popular with the Plebeians
AUGUSTUS Grandnephew of
Caesar who became his adopted son.
Claimed power after Caesar was assassinated.
After another Civil War with rivals, Augustus became the unchallenged emperor.
PAX ROMANA
Means Roman Peace
The Roman Empire experienced relative peace from the time of Augustus until about 180 AD
SLAVERY Rome had more
slaves than any other civilization ever.
Economy relied on the work of slaves to function.
Slave revolts were common.
RELIGION Roman religion came
directly from Greek religion. (Changed the names to sound more Roman)
There were Gods/Goddesses for all purposes and professions.
Romans persecuted all other religions
SOCIETY Wealth was everything when determining
status in Rome. Society was based on feudalism during
the empire with a few rich and the majority poor.
CHRISTIANITY AND ROME
JESUS Born around 6 to 4
BC in Judea (Roman Province)
Began his public ministry as the proclaimed messiah at age 30 until his crucifixion at age 33.
Viewed as a direct challenge to Jewish and Roman authorities.
APOSTLES Disciples of Jesus
and selected by him to assist in his ministry.
They are the reason Jesus’ teaching continued to spread throughout the Roman Empire after Jesus’ death.
PAUL Never met
Jesus and was at first an enemy of Christianity.
After a vision of Jesus, Paul devoted his life to spreading Christianity and the word of Jesus Christ.
DIASPORA Dispersal of
the Jews after the Romans severely cracked down on their open rebellion.
CONSTANTINE Roman Emperor
who converted Rome to Christianity.
Personally converted after having a vision before a battle where he saw a cross in front of the sun and was instructed, “under this you will be victorious”
BISHOP A priest who
oversaw several local Churches.
In Roman times, these men were treated as outlaws by the Romans until the time of Constantine.
PETER Apostle who
became the first bishop of Rome (Pope).
Martyred and crucified upside down by the Emperor Nero.
POPE The father
and head of the Church that traces his roots back to Peter.
Came to symbolize Rome after the Empire fell.
THE FALL OF ROME
INFLATION A drop in the
value of money paired with a rise in prices.
Happens when the government over spends or natural resources become scarce.
MERCENARIES Paid soldiers for
hire who the Romans came to rely on as they began to not have enough soldiers to defend their massive empire (very expensive to have).
DIOCLETIAN Roman
Emperor who briefly restored Roman power.
Divided the empire into two halves in order to more easily manage.
CONSTANTINOPLE Capitol of the
Eastern Roman Empire that was founded by Constantine.
Continued the traditions and practices of Rome for over a thousand years after the fall of the West.
WESTERN COLLAPSE Western Half
of the Roman Empire finally fell due to three primary reasons: 1. Barbarian
Invasions 2. Economic
Crisis 3. Government
Corruption and Collapse
ATTILA King of a nomadic
group called the Huns.
Devastated the Western Roman empire to the point where it could no longer stop barbarian invasions.
GRECO-ROMAN CULTURE Mixture of Greek, Hellenistic, and
Roman Cultures Became the foundation of
European/Western Culture
VERGIL Roman writer
who created epics like Homer did in Greece.
Wrote a lot about the founding and myth/legend behind Rome.
TACITUS Roman
Historian who was extremely accurate.
Gives us the majority of what we know about Rome.