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现代通信新技术导论 第一章 概论
2
Main Contents• A Brief History of Communication Technologies
– Ancient communications
– Modern communications
– Future communications
• What is Communication?– Communication systems
– Communication networks
– Communication protocols
– Communication performance parameters
– Characteristics of communication
• Main Modern Communication Technologies
现代通信新技术导论 第一章 概论
3
Main Contents• A Brief History of Communication Technologies
– Ancient communications
– Modern communications
– Future communications
• What is Communication?– Communication systems
– Communication networks
– Communication protocols
– Communication performance parameters
– Characteristics of communication
• Main Modern Communication Technologies
现代通信新技术导论 第一章 概论
4
History of Communication Technologies
现代通信新技术导论 第一章 概论
5
History of Communication Technologies
现代通信新技术导论 第一章 概论
6
History of Communication Technologies
现代通信新技术导论 第一章 概论
7
History of Communication Technologies
现代通信新技术导论 第一章 概论
8
History of Communication Technologies
现代通信新技术导论 第一章 概论
9
History of Communication Technologies
现代通信新技术导论 第一章 概论
10
Main Contents• A Brief History of Communication Technologies
– Ancient communications
– Modern communications
– Future communications
• What is Communication?– Communication systems
– Communication networks
– Communication protocols
– Communication performance parameters
– Characteristics of communication
• Main Modern Communication Technologies
现代通信新技术导论 第一章 概论
11
History of Communication Technologies
• Electrical Communication– Telegraph
– Telephone networks
– Satellite communication networks
– TV/radio broadcasting networks
– Cellular phone networks• 1G, 2G, 3G, 4G, …
– Computer networks• 802.2, 802.11, …
– Others• NGN, cognitive radio, mobile IP, …
现代通信新技术导论 第一章 概论
12
Main Contents• A Brief History of Communication Technologies
– Ancient communications
– Modern communications
– Future communications
• What is Communication?– Communication systems
– Communication networks
– Communication protocols
– Communication performance parameters
– Characteristics of communication
• Main Modern Communication Technologies
现代通信新技术导论 第一章 概论
13
History of Communication Technologies
• The Development of Communications– Video 1
• What does the Future Communication Look Like?– Video 2
– Broad-band, digital, mobile, intelligent, seamless, integrated, secure, green
– Multi-media/function/purpose/input/output/…
现代通信新技术导论 第一章 概论
14
Main Contents• A Brief History of Communication Technologies
– Ancient communications
– Modern communications
– Future communications
• What is Communication?– Communication systems
– Communication networks
– Communication protocols
– Communication performance parameters
– Characteristics of communication
• Main Modern Communication Technologies
现代通信新技术导论 第一章 概论
15
What is Communication?
• Definitions of Communication– A process of transferring information from one
entity to another.
– The activity of conveying information.
– The imparting or interchange of thoughts, opinions, or information by speech, writing, or signs.
– A process whereby information is enclosed in a package and is channeled and imparted by a sender to a receiver via some medium.
现代通信新技术导论 第一章 概论
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What is Communication?
• Typical Communication System
SourceTransmitter(Modulator)
Channel Noise
Receiver(Demodulator
)Sink
现代通信新技术导论 第一章 概论
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Spectrum for Communications
现代通信新技术导论 第一章 概论
18
Main Contents• A Brief History of Communication Technologies
– Ancient communications
– Modern communications
– Future communications
• What is Communication?– Communication systems
– Communication networks
– Communication protocols
– Communication performance parameters
– Characteristics of communication
• Main Modern Communication Technologies
现代通信新技术导论 第一章 概论
19
What is Communication Network?• Definitions of the Communication Network
– A collection of terminals, links and nodes which connect together to enable communication between users of the terminals.
– Organization of stations capable of intercommunications but not necessarily on the same channel.
• Classification of Communication Network– Telecommunication network, computer network, TV/radio
network, …
– Wired (cable, fiber, …), wireless
– Centralized, distributed, mixed
– ……
现代通信新技术导论 第一章 概论
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What is Communication Network?
A communication network is composed of communication system(s).
现代通信新技术导论 第一章 概论
21
Main Contents• A Brief History of Communication Technologies
– Ancient communications
– Modern communications
– Future communications
• What is Communication?– Communication systems
– Communication networks
– Communication protocols
– Communication performance parameters
– Characteristics of communication
• Main Modern Communication Technologies
现代通信新技术导论 第一章 概论
22
What is Communication Protocol?
• Definitions of the Communication Protocol– A formal description of message formats and the
rules for exchanging those messages.
– Defines the rules for sending blocks of data from one node in a network to another node.
• Communication Protocol Stack– 7-layer Open System Interconnection (OSI) model
– 5-layer TCP/IP model
现代通信新技术导论 第一章 概论
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Application layer应用层
Application layer应用层
Physical layer物理层
Physical layer物理层
What is Communication Protocol?
Data link layer数据链路层
Network layer网络层
Transport layer传输层
Session layer会话层
Data link layer数据链路层
Network layer网络层
Transport layer传输层
Session layer会话层
Representation layer表示层
Representation layer表示层
Application layer应用层
Application layer应用层
System Architecture
Inter-network layer网际层
Inter-network layer网际层
Host-to-net layer网络接口层
Host-to-net layer网络接口层
现代通信新技术导论 第一章 概论
24
Main Contents• A Brief History of Communication Technologies
– Ancient communications
– Modern communications
– Future communications
• What is Communication?– Communication systems
– Communication networks
– Communication protocols
– Communication performance parameters
– Characteristics of communication
• Main Modern Communication Technologies
现代通信新技术导论 第一章 概论
25
Communication Performance Performances• To Improve the Performance Parameters of
– Efficiency
– Reliability
– Adaption
– Economic
– Security
– Standardization
– Convenience
– Environmental friendliness
– Application layer
– Transport layer
– Network layer
– MAC layer
– Physical layer
现代通信新技术导论 第一章 概论
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Communication Performance Performances
• SNR, SINR– One of the most important parameter to measure the receiving signal
quality
– Physical layer parameter
– Noise and/or interference
• Bit Error Rate– For digital communication
– Constraint by Shannon limit
• Packet Loss Rate– MAC/Network/Transport/Application layer parameter
• Distortion– Multimedia transmission
现代通信新技术导论 第一章 概论
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Communication Performance Performances
• Data Rate, Bandwidth– To measure the communication efficiency
– Bandwidth: achievable peak data rate in digital communications
• Delay, Delay Jitter– Especially for voice communication
• Round Trip Time (RTT)
• Delay×Bandwidth– The combined performance parameter of efficiency
• Throughput
现代通信新技术导论 第一章 概论
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Communication Performance Performances
• Drop Prob. – For calls in telecommunication networks
• Coverage– For mobile/wireless communications
– Heterogeneous networks
• Power Consumption, Power Efficiency– Minimize the interference and be environment friendly
• Computational Complexity, Communication Overhead
• Spectrum Efficiency– Precious resource of spectrum
现代通信新技术导论 第一章 概论
29
Main Contents• A Brief History of Communication Technologies
– Ancient communications
– Modern communications
– Future communications
• What is Communication?– Communication systems
– Communication networks
– Communication protocols
– Communication performance parameters
– Characteristics of communication
• Main Modern Communication Technologies
现代通信新技术导论 第一章 概论
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Characteristics of Communication• Objective
– Maximized information exchange efficiency with minimized distortion
• Constraints– Information spread speed limited by the light speed
– Channel/network capacity limited by Shannon formula
• Information Loss During Communication– Could be rebuilt in digital commun. systems
• Resource Consumption– Power, spectrum, time, code, space, etc
现代通信新技术导论 第一章 概论
31
Main Contents• A Brief History of Communication Technologies
– Ancient communications
– Modern communications
– Future communications
• What is Communication?– Communication systems
– Communication networks
– Communication protocols
– Communication performance parameters
– Characteristics of communication
• Main Modern Communication Technologies
现代通信新技术导论 第一章 概论
32
Main Modern Communication Technologies
• Wired Technologies– Core Networks
• NGN, MPLS, RSVP, Routing Protocols, Network Management, IMS, …
– Optical Communications• DWDM, …
• Wireless Technologies– Transmission
• MIMO, OFDM, Smart Antenna, …
– Networking• WWAN, WRAN, WMAN, WLAN, WPAN, WBAN, …
• Distributed Networks– Ad Hoc, WSN, Mesh, P2P, …
• Others– IOT, Cloud Computing, Network Convergence, CMMB, DVB, …
现代通信新技术导论 第一章 概论
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Main Modern Communication Technologies
• Information Theory– Network information theory
• Physical Layer– Modulation and demodulation
– Coding and decoding• Source coding
• Channel coding
– Interleaving
– Diversity
– Antenna
– Channel estimation
– Equalization
– Signal shaping
• Upper Layer– Multiplexing
– Multiple address
– Resource management• Power
• Code
• Spectrum
– Networking• Architecture
• Convergence
• Adaptive and Dynamic Algorithms
现代通信新技术导论 第一章 概论
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Organization of the Rest of the Course
• Chapter 1 Introduction– Introduction to the communication
• Concepts
• Characteristics
• Systems
• Networks
• Performances
• Technologies
• …
现代通信新技术导论 第一章 概论
35
Organization of the Rest of the Course• Chapter 2 Next Generation Network and MPLS
– Next Generation Networks• Backgrounds
• Definitions
• Characteristics
• Architectures
– MPLS• Necessity
• Architectures
• MPLS Labels
现代通信新技术导论 第一章 概论
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Organization of the Rest of the CourseNon-Interactive Multimedia
Image
SMS
MMS
Presence
Activephonebook
Push-To-Talk
Text
Voice
Voice
P2P Calls
Video
Person-to-Person dominates traffic growth
Movies
PhotosInternet
Text/Pictures
SMS/MMS
HTTP
Streaming
Download
VideoMusic
Ring tonePerson-to-Content known usability patterns
Interactive Multimedia
Multimedia Content
Social Networking
现代通信新技术导论 第一章 概论
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Organization of the Rest of the Course• Definitions of NGN
Packet Oriented Network
Integration of Exist-ing Infrastructure
Application Fo-cused - Access
Independent
Seperation into Dif-ferent Layers Using
Open Interfaces
Openess and Flex-ibility Regarding New Services
Support Broad Va-riety of Services
现代通信新技术导论 第一章 概论
38
现代通信新技术导论 第一章 概论
39
Organization of the Rest of the Course• MPLS Architecture
LER
LER
LER
LER
LSR LSR
LSR
MPLS Domain
IP
MPLS
LSP
• LSR : Label Switch Router
• LER : Label Edge Router
• LSP : Label Switch Path
现代通信新技术导论 第一章 概论
40
Organization of the Rest of the Course• Chapter 3 IPv6 and Mobile IP
– IPv6• Problems of IPv4
• Solve the Problems
• IPv6 Address
• IPv6 Header
• Address Allocation
• IPv6 Routing
• IPv6 in China
– Mobile IP• Introduction to Mobile IP
• Operations of Mobile IP
• Problems with Mobile IP
• Mobility in IPv6
现代通信新技术导论 第一章 概论
41
Organization of the Rest of the Course
IPv4
Exhaustion of IP address
Increment of routing
information
IPv6
Significant extension of
address space
Auto-Config
Layered Address
QoS
Secure
IPv4
NAT
CIDR
Temporary counter measure
The thorough solution
Finally
现代通信新技术导论 第一章 概论
42
Organization of the Rest of the Course
现代通信新技术导论 第一章 概论
43
Organization of the Rest of the Course
• Mobile IP Architecture
现代通信新技术导论 第一章 概论
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Organization of the Rest of the Course• Chapter 4 Wireless Networks with Large Coverage
– Wireless WAN (3G LTE)• Introduction to LTE
• Targets and key features
• Network architecture
• Physical layer and Layer 2
– Wireless MAN (WiMAX)• Introduction to WiMAX
• System architecture
• Physical layer and MAC layer
• WiBro
– Wireless RAN (Cognitive Radio)• Current spectrum allocation and utilization
• Ideas and architecture of cognitive radio
• Design issues of cognitive radio
• IEEE 802.22 and proactive cognitive radio networks
现代通信新技术导论 第一章 概论
45
Organization of the Rest of the Course
IMS
TE MT UTRAN
SMS-SCEIRTE MT
BillingSystem*
R UmGERAN
WAG
Uu
HLR/AuC* HSS*
R
C
Wn Wp
Wu
WLANUE
Ww
Intranet/
InternetWa
Wm
Wf
Iu
Gn
Gb, Iu
GfGr
Gd
Ga
GiGn/Gp
Gc
SMS-GMSCSMS-IWMSC
WiOCS*
SGSN
SGSN
Note: * Elements duplicated for picture layout purposes only, they belong to the same logical entity in the architecture baseline.
** is a reference point currently missingTraffic and signalingSignaling
HLR/AuC*
3GPP AAAProxy
GaGy
CDF
CGF*
3GPP AAAServer
PCRF AF
Rx+ (Rx/Gq)
Gx+ (Go/Gx)
OCS*
UE
P-CSCFMw
Cx Dx
Wa
Wg
Gm
SLFHSS*
CSCF
MRFP
IMS-MGW
Wo
D/Gr
Dw
Mb
PDG
CGF*
WLAN AccessNetwork
Wx
MbGGSN
Wz
Wd
BM-SCGmb
Gi
MSC
Gs
PDN
**
BillingSystem*
Wf
Wy
现代通信新技术导论 第一章 概论
46
Organization of the Rest of the Course
现代通信新技术导论 第一章 概论
47
Organization of the Rest of the Course
现代通信新技术导论 第一章 概论
48
Organization of the Rest of the Course
现代通信新技术导论 第一章 概论
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现代通信新技术导论 第一章 概论
50
Organization of the Rest of the Course
Maximum Amplitudes
Frequency (MHz)
Am
pli
du
e (d
Bm
)
Heavy Use
Sparse Use
Heavy Use
Medium Use
Less than 6% OccupancyLess than 6% Occupancy
Maximum Amplitudes
Frequency (MHz)
Am
pli
du
e (d
Bm
)
Heavy Use
Sparse Use
Heavy Use
Medium Use
Less than 6% OccupancyLess than 6% Occupancy
• Current “Static” Spectrum Allocation Strategy is Wasteful– Huge opportunities exist in time, frequency, and space– Apparent spectrum scarcity
现代通信新技术导论 第一章 概论
51
Organization of the Rest of the Course• Basic Idea: Opportunistic
Spectrum Access– sense the spectrum you
want to transmit in
– look for “holes” or “opportunities” in time and frequency
– transmit so that you don’t interfere with the licensees
Power
Time
Frequency
Spectrum in use by Primary user
Spectrum Hole
现代通信新技术导论 第一章 概论
52
Organization of the Rest of the Course• Chapter 5 Wireless Networks with Narrow Coverage
– Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs)• IEEE 802.11 overview
• Components and services
• MAC layer physical layer
• IEEE 802.11 protocols
– Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs)• Introduction to Bluetooth
• Protocol stack
• Network topology and packet structures
• Security issues
– Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs)• Introduction to WBAN
• Three-Tier Architecture
• Comparison with Other Networks
• Designing WBANs
现代通信新技术导论 第一章 概论
53
Organization of the Rest of the Course
Fixed Mobile
Broadband Multiservice2G+
Cellular3G
Cellular
Residential/Premise/ Campus
LMDSMMDS DataServices
GPRSMobile IP
PacketData/Voice
UMTS
BLUETOOTH
IEEE802.11
现代通信新技术导论 第一章 概论
54
Organization of the Rest of the Course
现代通信新技术导论 第一章 概论
55
Organization of the Rest of the Course
现代通信新技术导论 第一章 概论
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Organization of the Rest of the Course
In the Office
At Home
现代通信新技术导论 第一章 概论
57
Organization of the Rest of the Course
RF
Baseband
AudioLink Manager
L2CAP
Data
SDP RFCOMM
IP
Con
trol
Applications
Transport Protocol Group
Middleware Protocol Group
Application Group
现代通信新技术导论 第一章 概论
58
Organization of the Rest of the Course
现代通信新技术导论 第一章 概论
59
Organization of the Rest of the Course
现代通信新技术导论 第一章 概论
60
Organization of the Rest of the Course• Chapter 6 Distributed Networks
– Mobile Ad Hoc Networks• Distributed Networks
• Introduction to MANETs
• Network Routing Protocols
– P2P Networks• Introduction to P2P
• Why P2P?
• Overview of P2P
• Unstructured P2P
• Structured P2P
• Bi-Dimensional P2P
现代通信新技术导论 第一章 概论
61
Organization of the Rest of the Course
现代通信新技术导论 第一章 概论
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Organization of the Rest of the CourseA
SourceC
G HDestinationF
E
D
BRoute Request
A
SourceC
G HDestinationF
E
D
BRoute Request
现代通信新技术导论 第一章 概论
63
Organization of the Rest of the Course
C1
4A
2G
3D
4H
4F
2E
2B
1
1
1
2
2
22
2
3
3
现代通信新技术导论 第一章 概论
64
Organization of the Rest of the Course
INTERNET
locationserver
register
Document x?OK: Peer ZIP = a.b.c.d
Document x!
x
现代通信新技术导论 第一章 概论
65
P2P Client/Server
Large Scale Wireless P2P networksAnd
The lookup protocols
Structured
For large-scale P2P networks
Chord, Pastry,Tapestry, CAN……
Unstructured
For small-scale P2P networks
Gnutella
DistributedWithout an index server
CentralizedWith an index server
DNS, X.500,Napster……
Distributed
现代通信新技术导论 第一章 概论
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Organization of the Rest of the Course
33..33 N4034..35 N4036..39 N4040..47 N4048..63 N5264..95 N7096..31 N102
N32’sFinger Table
71..71 N7972..73 N7974..77 N7978..85 N8086..101 N102102..5 N1026..69 N32
N70’sFinger Table
(0)
N32
N60N79
N70
N113
N102
N40
N52
N80
N85
81..81 N8582..83 N8584..87 N8588..95 N10296..111 N102112..15 N11316..79 N32
N80’sFinger Table
现代通信新技术导论 第一章 概论
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Organization of the Rest of the Course
现代通信新技术导论 第一章 概论
68
Organization of the Rest of the Course• Chapter 7 Cloud Computing and CMMB
– Cloud Computing• One of the Most Promising Technologies
• What is Cloud Computing?
• IaaS, PaaS and SaaS
• Cloud Computing Platforms
• Security Issues
• Cloud Computing in our Daily Life
– CMMB• What is CMMB?
• Frame Structures, Channel Coding and Modulation
• Multiplexing
• Services
• Emergency Broadcasting
现代通信新技术导论 第一章 概论
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Organization of the Rest of the Course
现代通信新技术导论 第一章 概论
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Cloud ServiceDeveloper
Cloud ServiceConsumer
Cloud Service Provider
Service
De
livery P
orta
l
BSSBusinessSupportServices
Offering Mgmt
Order Mgmt
Accounting & Billing
Customer Mgmt
Entitlements
Contract Mgmt SLAReporting
Pricing / Rating
Peering & Settlement
Subscriber Mgmt
Service OfferingCatalog
Invoicing
OSSOperationalSupportServices
Service Automation Mgmt
Virtualization Mgmt
Reporting & AnalyticsMetering
Service
De
velop
me
nt Po
rtal
Common Cloud Platform
Security & Resiliency
Consumer Administrator
Consumer Business Manager
Partner Clouds
Customer In-house IT
Service Def. & Developm.. Tools
Image Creation Tools
Developer
Service Definitions
Software-as-a-Service - e.g. Lotus LiveCloud
ServicesPlatform as-as-Service - e.g. Desktop Cloud
Use
r In
terface
Service User
Infrastructure-as-a-Service - e.g. Compute Cloud
Virtualized Infrastructure – Server, Storage, Network
Managed Environm
entM
anagement Environm
ent
…
Operational Console
Provisioning
Monitoring & Event Mgmt
Service Delivery Catalog
Configuration Mgmt
Continuity Mgmt, Backup / Restore Asset Mgmt
Service Request Mgmt
Service Level Mgmt
Image Lifecycle Mgmt
Capacity, Perform. Mgmt
Incident, Problem & Change Mgmt
Service Provider Portal
Service Business Manager Service Operations Manager
AP
IA
PI
现代通信新技术导论 第一章 概论
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Organization of the Rest of the Course
Infrastructure as a Service
Platform as a Service
High VolumeTransactions
Software as a Service
Servers Networking Storage
Middleware
Collaboration
Business Processes
CRM/ERP/HRIndustry
Applications
Data Center Fabric
Shared virtualized, dynamic provisioning
Database
Web 2.0 ApplicationRuntime
JavaRuntime
DevelopmentTooling
现代通信新技术导论 第一章 概论
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Organization of the Rest of the Course
现代通信新技术导论 第一章 概论
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增补 转发器
本地发射机
通信网
节目集成平台
广播电视节目
数据业务内容
接收终端
中继器
信号上行传输系统
S卫星A
同轨S波段双星网S卫星B
上行广播信道Ku 上行分发
信道Ku下行广播信道S
下行分发信道Ku
广播信道
本地节目平台
现代通信新技术导论 第一章 概论
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Organization of the Rest of the Course• Chapter 8 Towards Future Communication
Technologies– Challenges
– Opportunities
– New ideas and technologies• Quantum teleportation
• Internet of Things
• Web 2.0
– Key Words in Future ICTs
现代通信新技术导论 第一章 概论
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Organization of the Rest of the Course• Seminars
– Teams• 4 or 5 students / team × 16 teams = 66 students
• Free organization (1 speaker + 3 or 4 supporters / team)
• Team member lists submitted before Sept. 17th
– Presentations• 10 minutes, with slides, maybe props
• On your ideas on new communication technologies
• Presented by the speaker, supported by the all team members
现代通信新技术导论 第一章 概论
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Organization of the Rest of the Course– Discussions
• Questions by other students/teacher(s)
• Answered by the supporters
– Ratings• Each student MUST complete one presentation, or two
valuable questions, or two valuable answers
• Part of the final score, based on the performance during presentations/discussions
– Time• Anytime in the class, but the reservation one week before
your presentation is needed