比较等级和比较结构

Comparative Degree & Comparative Construction

比较等级Comparative Degree

原级： Positive Degree

比较级： Comparative Degree

最高级： Superlative Degree

比较级修饰语常用的副词修饰语many, much, far, a little, a bit, slightly, a great deal, a lot, somewhat, rather, completely, etc.

This essay is not good, but that one is hardly better.

? much more happy

当数词用在比较结构中，其顺序通常为“数词＋比较级＋ than”.My watch is ten minutes faster than yours.We've sunk 20 more wells this year than we did last year.It was one-fourth cheaper than the market price.The new method was over ten times more efficient than the traditional one.

没有等级的形容词

inferior to, superior to, senior to

She is senior to everyone else in the company.

His composition is far superior to mine. 

绝对形容词无比较级或最高级absolute, unique, infinite, round, right, wrong, correct, perfect

Geoffrey Chaucer occupies a unique place in English literature.

结构“ of a + noun” 的比较级

be of a + noun = be adj.

比较级： be more/less of a + noun

He is more of a doctor.

He is as of an athlete as she.

基本的比较结构

1. as + adj./adv.(1. as + adj./adv.( 原级原级 )) ＋ ＋ as as 分句分句John behaves as politely as Bob (does).

否定形式： not as/so ... as ; less ...than

该结构的变体：The girl was as brilliant as she was beautiful.This swimming pool is as wide as it is long.He is not so wise as he is witty.

He was as base and unworthy as his father had been upright and honorable.

He took as much butter as he needed.She has written as many essays as her brother (has).

George is as efficient a worker as Jack.I can't drink as sweet coffee as this.? I don’t smoke as expensive cigarettes as these.

2. adj./adv.(2. adj./adv.( 比较级比较级 ) ) ＋ ＋ than -than - 分句分句否定形式： not as/so ... as ; less ...than

more/ less/ fewer + 名词 ＋ than- 分句She has written more essays than he.There are fewer visitors today than yesterday.

其它变体：My brother has a larger house than mine.

There are men more intelligent than John.

John is more efficient a worker than Jack.

特殊比较结构1. more...than 和 less... than 的翻译方法The present crisis is much more a political than an economic crisis.

He was less hurt than frightened.

2. not so... as 和 not so much...as

It wasn't so much his appearance I liked as his personality.

3. not more/-er than 与 no more/-er than

John is not better than Tom.

John is no better than Tom.

e.g. no richer than, no bigger than, no later than

I have not taken more than six courses this semester.

I have taken no more than six courses this semester.

4. the more... the more

The older I get, the happier I am.

The more you argue with him, the less notice he takes.

The sooner this is done, the better.

The higher the temperature, the faster the liquid evaporates.

5. the same... as

She looks just the same as before.

I got the same feeling as you did.

6. 否定＋比较级＝最高级Nothing in my life shook me so deeply as my first visit to China.

It can't be worse.

7. 比较级中的省略现象than 从句和 as 从句大致相同，可以省去谓语或表语，保留主语；He is taller than I.

也可以省去主语和谓语，保留宾语。I love him more than her.

It's more pleasant traveling by day than by night. (?)

比较从句可以省去主语（或将 than 看作代词作主语用），保留谓语部分。（多用于正式文体）Don't eat more than is good for you.

There may be more importance in it than would seem.

省去宾语：The box is bigger than I wanted.

有时在比较省略结构中， than 之后可用动词不定式。I can't do better than to give you an idea of how I did it.There was nothing he desired more than to see the matter ended.

但有些固定短语中 than 后要加不带 to的不定式。I would rather stay than go.Sooner than yield he resolved to die.

Practice

Do you know Tim’s brother? He is _________ than Tim.

A. much more sportsman

B. more of a sportsman

C. more of sportsman

D. more a sportsman

That trumpet player was certainly loud. But I wasn't bothered by his loudness ___ by his lack of talent.

a) so much as b) rather than

c) as d) than

The less the surface of the ground yields to the weight of a fully-loaded truck, ____ to the truck.

a) the greater stress is

b) greater is the stress

c) the stress is greater

d) the greater the stress

Issues of price, place, promotion and product are _____ conventional concerns in planning marketing strategies.

a) these of the most

b) most of those

c) among the most

d) among the many of

John is ____ hardworking than his sister, but he failed in the exam.

a) no less b) no more

c) not less d) no so

The children prefer camping in the mountains ____ an indoor activity.

a) to b) than c) for d) with

Language belongs to each member of the society, to the cleaner ___ to the professor.

a) as far as b) the same as

c) as much as d) as long as

The experiment requires more money than___.

A. have been put in

B. being put in

C. has been put in

D. to be put in

There ought to be less anxiety over the perceived risk of mountain climbing than ___ in the public mind today.

A. exists B. exist

C. existing D. to exist

The indoor swimming pool seems to be a great more luxurious than ______.

a) is necessary

b) being necessary

c) to be necessary

d) it is necessary

Western Nebraska generally receives less snow than ____ Eastern Nebraska.

a) in b) it receives in

c) does d) it does in