Conduction Heat loss from direct contact with a cold object
Convection Heat loss from moving air or wind Radiation Body
radiates heat, just like a stove does Evaporation Loose heat from
losing water like sweating and breathing
Slide 3
Metabolism Simple carbs-tinder-cookies, candy, juice Complex
carbs-sticks-vegetables, pastas, oatmeal Protein and fats-
logs-meat, peanut butter Shivering Dont want to get to their point
The best way is? Exercise
Slide 4
In layers The three layers are Base Wick moisture from
body-wool, fleece, polypropylene Insulation Keeps you warm- Shell
Protects you from environment-goretex (breathable and waterproof)
Never wear what kind of material in the winter? - cotton-no
insulating factor when wet
Slide 5
Wake up in the morning-Wear all layers to keep in your body
heat Until you get breakfast and start being active. Getting ready
to be active-Take layers off Take layers off until you feel cool
but not cold Prevents you from sweating, losing heat and having to
stop to take clothes off Open zippers, roll up sleeves, taking off
your hat or mitts if it is not windy
Slide 6
When stopping for more then a few minutes put layers back on so
you did not get chilled. Keep a layer close at hand. If you get
snow on you always brush it off as quickly as possible If not it
will melt into your clothes and refreeze as ice, leading to you
being cold
Slide 7
At the end of the day, as activity decreases and temperature
drops, you will need to add layers. Once you start to cool down it
takes a lot of the body's resources (calories) to heat up again so
layer up ASAP before you get chilled. put on more that you think
you need; it will only get colder. If you are too warm, you can
open up layers and ventilate to reach the proper temperature.
Slide 8
Map and compass Fire starter Lighters, waterproof matches,
lint, fire starters First aid supplies Mutli tool and small knife
Protein or high energy bars, dried fruit Space blanket or garbage
bags Tin can for water----iodine or chlorine tablets to purify
water If big enough can hold all the ten essential items Signaling
devices-small mirror, flashlight Rope or cord-lots come in
bracelets now. Insulation-spare hat, mitts, socks
Slide 9
Body temperature below 37 Symptoms Fumbly Stumbly Grumbly
Mumbly Poor judgement Severe is when someone STOPS SHIVERING, skin
looks blue, muscle coordination very poor-need medical care
Slide 10
Use insulation and some external heat to prevent further heat
loss Do not use excessive external heat (the goal is not to re-warm
the patient) Protect from the environment
Slide 11
Slide 12
Frozen tissue due to decrease peripheral blood flow Symptoms
Start losing feeling in a body part-mainly fingers and toes Skin
will be pale and firm Frost Nip and Contact Frost Bite Prevent it
by staying WARM, DRY, HYDRATED and FED
Slide 13
For first degree warm up the affected area with skin to skin
contact or warm water baths After first degree get medical
attention
Slide 14
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Slide 18
Dugloo and Snow cave Both are similar to Quinzhee but skip the
piling of snow. Need a deep mound of snow
Point the Direction of Travel arrow towards where you want to
go. Turn the compass housing so that RED IS IN THE BED Walk forward
in the direction of the direction arrow. Periodically stop and
check your bearing by putting RED IN THE BED
Slide 25
The opposite bearing of a forward bearing E.g. the forward
bearing is north therefore the back bearing is south Found 3
ways
Slide 26
Do the math! By adding or subtracting 180 degrees from your
forward bearing. Forward bearing less than 180, then add 180
degrees to it Forward bearing greater then 180 degrees, then
subtract 180 degrees from it Back bearing should alwas be between
0-360 degrees
Slide 27
200/20 trick When your bearing is less than 180, add 200 and
then subtract 20 (same as adding 180) When your bearing is greater
than 180, subtract 200 and then add 20 (same as subtracting
180).
Slide 28
When you are taking a bearing with a base plate compass, and
you want a back bearing instead of a forward bearing, box the
compass needle with the south end where the north end would usually
be. The resulting bearing will be 180 different
http://maptools.com/tutorials/plotting/fo rward-and-back-bearings
http://maptools.com/tutorials/plotting/fo
rward-and-back-bearings