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CONTENTS
PREFACE by Tanya Sienko 5
INTRODUCTION 7
PART ONE: WRITING
1 New Primitives & Kanji Primitives 152 Major Primitive Elements 283 Miscellaneous Kanji 1444 Western Measurements 1605 Phonetic Characters 1626 Old & Alternate Forms 165
PART TWO: READING
7 Old Pure Groups 1778 New Pure Groups 2039 Semi-Pure Groups 236
10 Mixed Groups 26411 A Potpourri of Readings 29912 Kanji with Japanese Readings Only 34413 Readings of Old & Alternate Forms 355
14 Supplementary Kanji 359
INDEXES
INDEX 1 Number of Strokes 371INDEX 2 Keywords and Primitive Meanings 389INDEX 3 Readings 418INDEX 4 Primitive Elements 487
Layout of Frames for Part One 490Layout of Frames for Part Two 491
ABOUT THE AUTHORS 493
Preface
Tanya Sienko
WHEN I FIRST contacted Dr. Heisig with a proposal to add a third vol-ume to Remembering the Kanji, I somehow left the impression that itwas my rather esoteric needs as a scientist that left me hankering formore kanji than the 2,042 I had learned with his method. Actually, itwas not the technical prose of Yukawa and Tomonaga on ³eld theorythat were causing me my biggest headaches but ordinary Japanese nov-els. Having read mystery novels to polish my reading in other languages,I was disappointed to ³nd that the “essential” or “general-use” charac-ters were simply not enough to gain entry into the Japanese thriller.After just a few chapters, my maiden voyage ended on the rocks. Somuch for “basic literacy,” I thought to myself. And so was born the ideafor this book.
During the time of the American Occupation, the Japanese writingsystem underwent a complete overhaul, which saw the number ofChinese characters to be learned during the years of compulsory educa-tion reduced to a bare minimum of 1,850. The idea was to simplify thesystem and facilitate literacy by removing rarely used kanji from circula-tion. What the reformers did not count on in their long-range plan wasthe resistance of the general public to the disappearance of many kanjicustomarily used for names. Families reacted by continuing to nametheir children with “traditional” names, but the government refused toregister the kanji. This resulted in the bizarre situation where a numberof Japanese were growing up legally nameless. In 1951 the Ministry ofEducation grudgingly backed down and approved another 92 “legal”characters for names, followed by another 28 in 1976. In 1981 thenumber of “general-use” kanji was increased in 1,945 and in 1990 the
kanji approved for use in names was increased to 284. This is the situa-tion at present.
Of course, there were still numerous kanji outside the list that contin-ued to be used in place names, or that appeared in books publishedbefore the educational reforms and were impractical to update. Over thepast twenty years many of these exiled characters have migrated backinto daily use. Advertisers often prefer the compactness and precision ofolder kanji to their phonetic equivalents. Increasing competition hasinduced universities to include more and more “unof³cial” kanji in theirentrance examinations. And popular novelists, as always, cling tenacious-ly to their cache of little-known glyphs as a mark of the trade. Finally,the ubiquitous word processor has turned the distinction between whatis “allowed” and what is “disallowed” into something of an anachro-nism.
For the foreign student who has landed in this mess, there have beenonly two alternatives: either you adhere to the of³cial list, or you stum-ble about blindly trying to improve your knowledge as best you can.The idea behind the present book was to offer a third choice: supple-mentary kanji to lay a solid basis for contemporary Japanese.
In addition to the method of selection explained in Dr. Heisig’sintroduction, I myself checked the ³nal list against Edward Daub, et al.,Comprehending Technical Japanese (University of Wisconsin Press,1975), which used frequency lists to determine the 500 kanji most usedin technical writings. With the exception of characters speci³c to one³eld, this list is represented in the pages that follow.
Of the many people who assisted me in this project, I would like par-ticularly to thank Ronald D. Mabbitt for help in the cross-referencingand for his many useful suggestions on the structure of the book; andKanda Yumiko P,ÆË{ for checking some of the more obscure com-pounds.
6 PREFACE
Introduction
THE AMERICAN PHILOSOPHER William James once wrote that a great ideagoes through three stages on its way to acceptance. First, it is dismissedas nonsense. Then it is acknowledged as true, but insigni³cant. Finally, itis seen to be important, but not really anything new. Time and againhistory con³rms the wisdom of James’s observation, but it also remindsus that the very same bias that resists the invasion of novelty also servesto swat away many a µea-brained idea buzzing about for attention.
In this connection, I must admit I am of two minds about Remem-bering the Kanji and its companion volumes. I have always had the sensethat there was something µea-brained about the whole project. Itsreception by students of the Japanese language across the world hasbeen as much a surprise to me as to the publishers, the Japan Publi-cations Trading Company. We had expected no more than a short buzz,followed by a ³rm whack into oblivion. From the start I was convincedthat if there was anything important in the method, it surely was noth-ing new. All I had done, after all, was to put some semblance of orderinto what students of the kanji had always done: trick their minds intomaking easily forgettable shapes more memorable. The sales of thebooks, as well as scores of letters from readers, has convinced me thatthis is in fact the case.
On the one hand, the method seems to have proved itself a naturalone suited to large number of students motivated to study the kanji ontheir own. On the other, it remains virtually useless for classroominstruction. This is hardly surprising, since it aims to do something theclassroom cannot do, namely to tap the imagination of the individual atthe individual’s own learning pace. To the native speaker of Japanesetrained in the traditional school system and trying to teach the Japanesewriting system to those whose primary education was outside of the“kanji curtain,” it can only appear a distracting gimmick. For one whodoes not know from experience the question behind the method, theanswer—even if it works—makes no sense. Whatever the merits of
Remembering the Kanji as a learning tool, then, its demerits as a teach-ing tool are beyond redemption. This is probably for the best. To forcethe expectations of the textbook on the method would probably onlyend up frustrating everyone—teachers and students. The saving grace ofthe books is that they are simply too µea-brained to run the circuit of“course work.”
Letters from readers have combined expressions of gratitude withmore good ideas for improvements than I could ever assimilate into sub-sequent editions. The misprints that had slipped in along the way,thanks again to alert readers, have been periodically corrected in laterprintings. For the rest I have let the books stand as they are, reckoningthat their unpolished edges encourage the very kind of participation thatmakes them work in the ³rst place.
The one most common request that has haunted me over the yearshas been for a supplementary volume that would pick up some of themore useful kanji outside the lists propagated as standard by Japan’sMinistry of Education. The request always seemed reasonable enough.When I myself had worked through the of³cial list of kanji, I was leftwith much the same feeling: learning to write the characters is so sim-ple—now if there were some list that could guide me into learning moreof them…. The only solution I could see was to learn new characters asthey showed up in reading. Unfortunately, I kept no records, and couldonly reply to readers that they, too, let their particular reading habitsguide their acquisition of new kanji. But I always knew it was not quitethe right answer to an important question.
Then, about a year and a half ago, Tanya Sienko, a theoretical physi-cist from the United States employed at Japan’s National Institute ofScience and Technology Policy, persuaded me that something concretecould be done. Her idea was for a volume that would aim at raisingpro³ciency to the level of 3,000 kanji, based on the methods of volumesI and II of Remembering the Kanji. The present book is the result of ourcombined efforts.
The initial decision to aim at a list of 3,000 characters was not basedon any established measure of “upper-level pro³ciency,” but simply outof the need for some parameters within which to begin working. As theselecting of new characters progressed, the decision justi³ed itself andwas left to stand.
The choice of which kanji to include and which to leave out was farfrom simple. In 1990 the Ministry of Education published a revised listof characters for use in names, 284 in all. Kanji from this list that had
8 INTRODUCTION
not been covered in volumes I and II were added ³rst, together with alltheir readings.
The next step was to consult a list of 3,505 characters published in1963 by the National Japanese Language Research Institute.1 Since1956 the Institute had been issuing periodic reports of research on thefrequency with which kanji appeared in various ³elds of study. Based onsome 90 academic and popular journals, a team of scholars turned up3,328 characters, to which the Institute added another 177. Althoughthe list was not based on the Ministry of Education’s list of general-usekanji (øä+°), it includes all the kanji found in the latter (latest revi-sion, 1977) but, as you might suspect, does not include all the charac-ters from the Ministry’s 1990 revised list for use in names. In any case,all new kanji in the list with a frequency of more than 9 were selected.The following chart shows the breakdown of the frequency and theoverlay of kanji used for names. The darkened areas represent the ³rsttwo groups of kanji checked for inclusion in the present volume:
The next problem was how to sift through the remaining kanji toreach a total of 3,000. The solution consisted in overlaying a completelynew system of classi³cation that has taken the world of Chinese charac-ters by storm since the time of the frequency studies.
1978 marks a watershed in the story of the kanji and in the compila-tion of frequency lists. It was in that year that the Japanese writing sys-tem was converted into computer code, opening the way to the use ofthe personal computer in Japan. There was never any question that
INTRODUCTION 9
1AêÖP£GY)uäBä°B C³C³BÓÁ‹³²D 22 (1963).
}
3,505 °
Japan would march enthusiastically to the drum of the computer revolu-tion. But to do so, some way had ³rst to be found around the obviousimpossibility of squeezing the Japanese writing system into the 7-bitcharacter codes that make up the American Standard Code forInformation Interchange (ASCII) character sets. In response to the chal-lenge, the Japan Industrial Standard or JIS was born.
From the outset the JIS classi³cation has never wanted for critics, butthe complaints were largely mufµed by the sheer thrill of having a simpletool to manipulate the Chinese characters. In the early stages, a ³rst listof less than 3,000 kanji (JIS-12) was installed as standard in personalcomputers and printers, while a second list of over 4,000 kanji (JIS-2)was sold separately. Writers and specialists grumbled about charactersthat had been left out of JIS-1 and relegated to the “second-class” statusof JIS-2. By the end of the 1980s, both character sets had been adjustedand are now installed as standard in most computer equipment.3
The kanji that had been left out of both lists were another matter.Nearly all word-processing programs have included utilities for creating‘° or “excluded characters.” Eventually a third set, the JIS-supplement,was devised. To date, it covers an additional 5,801 kanji. This supple-ment is not yet standard in personal computers and printers, thoughnewer dictionaries include the code numbers that have been assigned.4In the near future it is reasonable to expect that they, too, will becomestandard equipment.
The control of language, which has been an important culturalweapon in the arsenal of modern governments for the past four cen-turies and more, has brought political complications to the computeriza-tion of the kanji in Japan, often masquerading in the robes of scholarlyobjectivity. Indeed, the more voracious the popular appetite for comput-er access to kanji becomes, the more these issues come to the fore. TheMinistry of Education, for example, which seems to have felt slighted by
10 INTRODUCTION
2 JIS-1 includes basic Roman, Greek, and Cyrillic characters, as well as a handful of gen-eral-use typesetting symbols.
3 Meantime, the early 1990s saw the arrival of Unicode, a workable worldwide stan-dard, based on 16-bit code, that would cover all writing and symbol systems. By that timethe Japanese JIS had already become a permanent ³xture, and adjustments were made toassign it a place in the Unicode structure that would not conµict with Korean andChinese.
4 For an example of the most up-to-date kanji dictionary, which was relied on heavilyfor the production of this book, see: à, ±%y[¨°Áq CØ+BnD (Tokyo: Taishðkan,1992).
the designers of the new computer standards, still make no mention ofthe JIS’s existence in their of³cial lists of general-use characters.Meantime, efforts by the Ministry to regulate the number of kanji ingeneral use have been undercut by the very computers they use to com-pose and print their regulations. There is no reason to think that the sit-uation will change in the years to come.5
Most important for our purposes here, the wealth of characters seemsto have retarded research into standards of “upper-level pro³ciency.”After its latest revision in 1990, the tripartite JIS list now contains awhopping 12,156 characters but does nothing to address the problem offrequency of use.
A simple, if time-consuming, procedure was followed in making theselection of the remaining characters for this volume. First, all kanji thatappeared less than 9 times in the National Japanese Language ResearchInstitute list and which also appeared in JIS-1 were included. The selec-tion was then rounded off with a few characters that fell outside theseborders but which, from personal judgment, we thought it best to in-clude. Graphically, the ³nal results look like this:
INTRODUCTION 11
5 For a fuller account of these conflicts, see special issues of C^rQD dealing with+°o»ûÜí2Ç[Kanji and the computer], 1/2 (1990), and J‰+°uy°5¤“L
[Rethinking the standardization of the kanji at present], 4/2 (1993).
Chapter 14 is intended to reµect the authors’ dissatisfaction with theunavoidable arbitrariness in the selection process. It opens with a list of7 kanji (3001–3007) deliberately excluded from the selection process: 5of them from the list of names and 2 from JIS-2 that seem worth learn-ing. Space is left for you to record additional characters that you feelbelong to “upper-level pro³ciency.” In future editions, we hope to beable to add to this list of 7, but that will depend on signi³cant numbersof readers sending in their lists for us to compare.
Parts One and Two follow, respectively, the methods of volumes I
and II of Remembering the Kanji. The layout of the frames has changedsomewhat, but a full graphic description is included at the end of thebook, after the Indexes. The choice of sample words for on-yomi read-ings has been made with an eye to providing useful vocabulary whereverpossible, but here, too, there was some arbitrariness. In the course ofassigning readings to the kanji, a shelf of dictionaries based on the JIS
lists was consulted and compared, only to ³nd inconsistencies at everyturn. Given the ease with which computerized data can be accessed, onewould expect at least an overall accuracy in indexing and cross-referenc-ing. This was not the case. To compensate for this, Index 3 errs on theside of excess, including more readings than are mentioned in the framesof Part Two. The only exception was made for names: only those read-ings in the Ministry of Education’s updated list are contained in theindex. Otherwise, all four indexes cover all the kanji and readings con-tained in the three volumes of the Remembering the Kanji series.
.James W. Heisig
Nagoya
12 INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 1
New Primitives &Kanji Primitives
_NEW PRIMITIVES_
We begin our journey to 3,000 kanji with the addition of a fewnew primitive elements to those already included in volume I.They have been included only if they appear frequently enoughin the kanji in general to be useful, or if at least three instancesappear in this volume. Each new element is followed by thenew characters in which it appears.
After this, all the primitives in this volume will already befamiliar to you. If you get stuck, consult the comprehensivelist in Index 4 at the end of this volume.
2043. this here ÂR-2670
footprint … spoon. [6]
2044. brushwood ÛR-2671
this here … tree. [10]
2045. fort ÷R-2672
this here … stone. [11]
2046. whit ÔR-2673
this here … two. [8]
2047. beard ÑR-3140
hair … shape … this here. [16]
* sheik Ïtop hat … villain … belt … elbow. [10]
This element is already familiar from the character ? (I.1492). Thereason the part for elbow requires 3 strokes instead of the usual 2 isthat the combination of elements l is actually a radical classicallyde³ned as having 5 strokes.
2048. crystal 8R-2454
jewel … sheik. [15]
This is one of the seven classical stones of China.
2049. fowl 9R-2843
umbrella … sheik. [12]
2050. apple ?R-2844
tree … fowl. [16]
* shoeshine mrice … sunglasses. [12]
16 NEW PRIMITIVES
This combination of elements has already been learned from thecharacter t (I.1311). The assignation of the primitive meaning isalmost entirely arbitrary.
2051. sympathize with œR-2499
state of mind … shoeshine. [15]
2052. phosphorus pR-2496
³re … shoeshine. [16]
2053. camelopard vR-2498
deer … shoeshine. [23]
The keyword here refers to a motley-colored mythical creaturefrom China with the body of a deer, the tail of a cow, and the crestand claws of a bird.
2054. scaled uR-2497
³sh … shoeshine. [23]
The “scales” referred to here are the kind found on ³sh, dragons,and so forth.
2055. encompassing ÕR-2583
St. Bernard … eel. [8]
The sense of the keyword is of something that is expansive andcovers over everything. When used as a primitive, this will take themeaning of a dachshund. Think here of a particularly large andl-o-n-g one to combine the qualities of the eel and the St. Bernard.
NEW PRIMITIVES 17
2056. hermitage IR-2582
cave … dachshund. [11]
2057. shrouded ÙR-2584
³ngers … dachshund. [11]
The sense of the keyword does not refer to an actually funeral“shroud,” but only to the sense of being covered over or con-cealed.
2058. myself ,R-2585
person … dachshund. [10]
The keyword refers to a very familiar way of referring to oneself,usually restricted to men.
* streetwalker ¢
We learned this combination earlier in the character p (I.1014) ascomposed of the elements person … license … walking legs. Theprimitive meaning covers the sense of one “walking around licen-tiously.” [7]
2059. make amends ÏR-2501
state of mind … streetwalker. [10]
2060. steed vR-2503
team of horses … streetwalker. [17]
18 NEW PRIMITIVES
2061. steep qR-2500
mountain … streetwalker. [10]
2062. complete a job tR-2502
vase … streetwalker. [12]
2063. mortar ¡R-2973
back-to-back staples. [6]
The mortar referred to here is a stone or wooden basin used forgrinding with a pestle. As a primitive element it keeps the samemeaning.
2064. father-in-law +R-3085
mortar … male. [13]
2065. mouse QR-2964
mortar … two plows … four drops … hook. [13]
2066. bore ßR-3039
standing in a row upside down … mortar and walking stick … missile … metal. [28]
The sense of the keyword is boring a hole into something.
2067. break 8R-3043
mortar … soil … missile. [13]
NEW PRIMITIVES 19
2068. small craft 9R-2383
boat … mortar … walking stick … crotch. [15]
* I Ching p
The appearance of this element looks enough like one of the com-binations used in the Chinese Book of Changes, the I Ching, togive us a meaning for this element. Note that there is always some-thing that comes between the two halves to keep them apart. [4]
2069. rhinoceros õR-3018
flag … I Ching … walking stick … cow. [12]
2070. lunar month QR-3007
white dove … I Ching … needle. [11]
2071. spinal column ÑR-2915
I Ching … umbrella … flesh. [10]
* stitching o
This element is actually a character in its own right, a pictograph ofsomething that has been stitched. [8]
2072. rice-³eld footpath ÆR-3141
³eld … stitching. [13]
The character learned for paddy-ridge in volume ‘ (I.1204) andthat for paddy-³eld ridge –, which we will meet in FRAME 2571,
20 NEW PRIMITIVES
both mean the “ridges” that run between rice paddies. The charac-ter introduced here refers directly to the ridge that is used as awalking path.
2073. mend »R-2918
thread … stitching. [14]
2074. let it be ¹R-2473
spike … eight … belt … stitching. [14]
Note that the writing of element for spike is interrupted by the ele-ment eight. This character—among whose older usages was as apolite form of addressing someone—is now used chiefly in names,except for the famous Buddhist expression that will be introducedwhen its reading comes up in Part Two.
2075. imperial seal ºR-2474
let it be … jewel. [19]
* hill of beans W
This element (actually a rather rare character in its own right) ismade up of exactly what it says: a hill of beans. [10]
2076. suit of armor œR-2486
metal … hill of beans. [18]
2077. triumph ‹R-2485
hill of beans … wind. [12]
NEW PRIMITIVES 21
* sapling _drop … St. Bernard. [4]
This element is easily confused with the shape of the character ú insuch kanji as þ (I.634) and in the element å(I, PAGE 155). Itmeaning comes from the rather rare kanji on which it is based.
2078. bewitched ØR-2862
woman … sapling. [7]
2079. irrigate óR-2861
water … sapling. [7]
2080. quaff µR-2914
sapling … mouth. [7]
* green onion {un- … floor. [9]
2081. leek ÚR-3142
flowers … green onion. [12]
2082. lottery ÃR-2835
bamboo … assembly line … ³esta … green onion. [23]
The character can also replace assembly line and ³esta withThanksgiving: Ä. This alternate form is less common, however.
22 NEW PRIMITIVES
2083. penitential HR-3047
state of mind … green onion. [20]
As in the previous frame, assembly line and ³esta can be replace withThanksgiving: I, though again less commonly.
2084. hay MR-3047
Think of this element as showing two ricks of dried hay lying ontop of each other. The element for bound up is familiar. The 3-stroked piece being bound up appeared in the primitive for moun-tain goat Ã. Think of the goat burying his “missing” horns in thehay to pick them up and toss them.[10]
2085. chick ŒR-2466
hay … turkey. [18]
2086. scurry ‹R-2465
run … hay. [17]
The sense of this keyword is the way someone in kimono runs, tak-ing short steps quickly.
2087. understandably ‹R-3001
chihuahua with one human leg. [4]
The sense of the keyword is that something “stands to reason.”
2088. training —R-3001
wheat … chihuahua with one human leg … delicious. [15]
NEW PRIMITIVES 23
2089. immense GR-3035
cliff … chihuahua with one human leg … shape. [9]
_NEW KANJI FROM OLD PRIMITIVES_
We close this ³rst chapter with a handful of kanji that werealready learned as primitive elements but not as kanji in theirown right. The only thing you will have to learn now is theirkeyword meaning, which does not in each case accord with themeaning they have been assigned as primitive elements. Try torelate the two meanings together if this causes confusion.
2090. grab ôR-2565
vulture … tree. [8]
We already met this combination in the characters ï, û, and í(1.733, 734, 1714).
2091. a ER-3143
mouth … floor … ³esta. [8]
This character is roughly equivalent to the inde³nite article a inEnglish or to the phrase a certain… It appears as a primitive in thecharacters o and Î (I.356, 614).
24 KANJI PRIMITIVES
2092. chop off kR-2411
car … axe. [11]
You may recall that this character already appeared as a combina-tion of primitives in the character l (I.1134).
2093. rabbit 0R-2839
drop of … day on its side … human legs … drop of. [8]
The older form from which the rabbit primitive was derived is actu-ally −, but the abbreviation in this frame has, with the support ofits listing in the ³rst JIS list, come to take over. Note that the primi-tive for rabbit q (I, P. 421) differs again from both of these bylacking the ³nal stroke. To distinguish the ³rst drop of from thelast, you might think of the rabbit’s long ears and short tail.
2094. est ˜R-2770
This is the element we learned as scorpion. We give the Latin wordest as a keyword to stress the “classical” µavor of the character,which appears today chieµy in names. [3]
2095. lofty #R-2550
This was the primitive element we learned as strawman. [8]
2096. comma-design úR-2762
The primitive meaning learned in vol. I, mosaic, is close to themeaning of the original character here, which is the shape of a“comma” used in heraldic designs, the most familiar of which has 3“commas” swirling around each other. (If it is any help in remem-bering the character, one older meanings is an “elephant-eatingsnake.”) [4]
KANJI PRIMITIVES 25
2097. offspring ¡R-2682
Thie character, none other than the element we learned as dogtag,is a nickname for a male child and is now chieµy used in personalnames. [7]
2098. critters ÐR-3144
Conveniently, the original kanji of the element we learned as zoomeans a counter for animals in general. [5]
2099. violet „R-2314
The element we learned as meaning cabbage comes from the kanjimeaning for a violet. The addition of the 4th stroke appears inolder forms of kanji that use this element also. Here you may thinkof it as a “purple cabbage” hanging on an overhead tressel of vio-lets to recall the difference. [11]
2100. mandala RR-2347
Since this character is most familiarly used in transcribing theSanskrit word mandala, we shall allow its primitive meaning tostand as the keyword for the kanji also. [11]
2101. towel 2R-3019
If we allow the full range of original meanings for the English wordtowel, which includes cleaning cloths, covering cloths and strips ofcloth used in clothing, we can keep the primitive meaning for thekeyword here. [3]
26 KANJI PRIMITIVES
2102. quote °R-2848
The primitive we learned as rising cloud is actually a kanji used toindicate someone’s spoken words. [4]
2103. augury íR-2442
The primitive meaning of wand is not far from the sense of theoriginal kanji here. [2]
2104. heaven-high åR-2350
This character was learned as the primitive angel. [12]
2105. shalt ]R-2551
The keyword here is meant to suggest the “Thou shalt” and“Thou shalt not of the commandments. [10]
KANJI PRIMITIVES 27
CHAPTER 2
Major Primitive Elements
The kanji treated in this chapter comprise the bulk of PART ONE
of this book, some 734 characters in all. Each character isentered under its principal primitive element, and the elementsthemselves are arranged in their dictionary order.
_: PERSON_
2106. Yamato ÈR-2534
person … committee. [10]
2107. chivalry ÛR-2265
person … scissors. [8]
2108. fed up ÀR-2549
person … scroll. [11]
2109. comely IR-2504
person … mingle. [8]
2110. abrupt _R-2286
person … ego. [9]
2111. work a ³eld µR-2789
person … ³eld. [7]
2112. minstrel }R-2491
person … orders. [7]
2113. animal offspring oR-2795
person … child. [5]
2114. foe ²R-2788
person … nine. [4]
2115. look after 8R-2685
person … add. [7]
2116. triµe /R-2313
person … cabbage. [12]
2117. biased {R-2624
person … ketchup. [15]
MAJOR PRIMITIVE ELEMENTS E:F ƒ + 3 / 4 29
2118. make a pro³t „R-2738
person … various. [17]
If it helps, you can also read the primitives as believe … puppet.
2119. bliss LR-2461
person … happiness. [10]
2120. emigrant ÜR-2349
person … angel. [14]
2121. partner QR-2790
person … spine. [9]
2122. performing artist ZR-2754
person … branch. [6]
2123. integrity ëR-2969
person … mouth … µood. [8]
2124. mate HR-3022
person … tool. [10]
2125. as is AR-3145
person … exhaust. [8]
30 E:F ƒ + 3 / 4 MAJOR PRIMITIVE ELEMENTS
2126. adjutant ·R-2648
person … right. [7]
2127. fork in a road 9R-3146
person … mouth … heaven. [9]
2128. hire ÖR-2406
person … commonplace. [13]
2129. memorial ÚR-2423
person … think. [11]
2130. dried meat ÔR-2852
person … walking stick … taskmaster … meat. [11]
2131. my son mR-3051
person … graduate. [10]
2132. make do }R-3137
person … happenstance. [11]
The keyword combines the meanings of the character for make 6(I.1142) and ` do (I.1918).
MAJOR PRIMITIVE ELEMENTS E:F ƒ + 3 / 4 31
_ƒ ICE_
2133. nifty ¢R-2390
ice … wife. [10]
2134. sharp )R-2667
ice … tusk. [7]
The sense of this keyword is broad enough to include “bright,”“clear,” and “on one’s toes.”
2135. wilt uR-2766
ice … circumference. [10]
2136. pull through YR-2353
ice … rice-seedling … walking legs. [10]
2137. metallurgy ™R-2654
ice … pedestal. [7]
2138. stately ÎR-3045
ice … -times … altar. [15]
32 : EƒF + 3 / 4 MAJOR PRIMITIVE ELEMENTS
_+ WIND_
2139. kite íR-3105
wind … towel. [5]
2140. lull ½R-3104
wind … stop. [6]
2141. earlybird eR-2946
wind … bone. [6]
2142. phoenix ÐR-2934
wind … ceiling … bird. [14]
_3 SABRE_
2143. slaughter GR-2528
receipt … sword … metal … sabre. [15]
MAJOR PRIMITIVE ELEMENTS :ƒ E+ 3F / 4 33
2144. moment ÞR-3042
sheaf … tree … sabre. [8]
The keyword here is the noun meaning “a brief moment.”
2145. peel off MR-2912
broom … rice grains … saber. [10]
2146. shave ËR-2639
younger brother … saber. [9]
_/ BOUND UP_
2147. aroma ÐR-3103
bound up … spoon. [4]
2148. µexed QR-2842
bound up … elbow. [4]
34 ƒ + E3 /FF 4 S MAJOR PRIMITIVE ELEMENTS
_4 CLIFF_
2149. despondent ÑR-2933
cliff … wagging tongue … moon … dog. [14]
This character, which carries the sense of being weighted down bythe meaningless of life, calls to mind a vivid image of despair inNietzsche’s Thus Spoke Zarathustra that makes it simple to remem-ber. Walking the dark cliffs at midnight, Zarathustra hears a doghowling. He approaches, and under the light of the moon sees ashepherd lad lying on the ground with a thick, black snake hangingout of his mouth (like a long, wagging tongue, we might add). Thesnake had crawled in while he was asleep and grabbed on to thelad’s throat. Zarathustra tells him to bite off the head of the snakeand become free of the despair that holds him in tortured captivity.
2150. wild goose UR-2596
cliff … person … turkey. [12]
2151. counterfeit TR-2595
wild goose … money. [19]
2152. kitchen pR-2866
cliff … table … glue. [12]
2153. insinuate BR-3055
cliff … person. [4]
MAJOR PRIMITIVE ELEMENTS 3 / E4F S F œ 35
_S MOUTH_
2154. scout «R-2627
mouth … candle. [10]
2155. derision ÅR-2578
mouth … morning. [15]
2156. reprehend fR-3036
walking legs … person … mouth. [8]
2157. whisper ØR-3135
mouth … three ears. [21]
2158. chatter vR-2506
mouth … generations … tree. [12]
2159. windpipe }R-2598
mouth … cause. [9]
2160. quarrel XR-2373
mouth … splendid. [13]
36 / 4 ESF F œ { MAJOR PRIMITIVE ELEMENTS
2161. gossip −R-3147
mouth … revered. [15]
2162. cough ’R-2768
mouth … acorn. [9]
2163. clamor ÅR-3024
mouth … proclaim. [12]
2164. throat VR-2328
mouth … marquis. [12]
2165. saliva ³R-2679
mouth … droop. [11]
2166. bash ðR-2923
mouth … stamp. [5]
2167. ³b £R-2571
mouth … void. [14]
2168. peck at àR-2929
mouth … sow. [10]
MAJOR PRIMITIVE ELEMENTS / 4 ESF F œ { 37
2169. curse 2R-2930
mouth … older brother. [8]
2170. barking éR-2931
mouth … chihuahua. [7]
2171. dangle ÄR-3056
mouth … towel. [6]
2172. chew áR-3148
mouth … teeth. [15]
2173. within my ability ×R-3057
mouth … needle. [5]
2174. sides of the mouth `R-2967
mouth … knot. [7]
2175. stammer ¡R-2876
mouth … beg. [6]
2176. spin a tale wR-3149
mouth … new. [16]
38 / 4 ESF F œ { MAJOR PRIMITIVE ELEMENTS
2177. miso ;R-2646
mouth … increase. [14]
Miso is the fermented soybean paste commonly used in Japanesecooking as a base for soups and stews.
2178. pop song ¤R-2459
mouth … shell. [10]
This character was originally used to indicate songs accompaniedby the shamisen but now most commonly refers to pop songs.
2179. scold ÍR-2924
mouth … diced. [5]
2180. city walls ËR-3058
mouth … mosaic. [7]
This is the parent character from which the primitive Vis derived.
2181. dumbfounded ²R-3052
mouth … tree. [7]
2182. ingest VR-3150
mouth … eat. [12]
MAJOR PRIMITIVE ELEMENTS / 4 ESF F œ { 39
_F SOIL_
2183. clay +R-2708
soil … straightaway. [11]
2184. authochthonous ÆR-2569
soil … monkey. [8]
In Chinese astrology and divining, this character refers to “theearthly” and stands counter to ê as the “moist” against the “dry.”
2185. piled high ÀR-2783
soil … turkey. [11]
2186. dugout ¨R-2379
soil … overpowering. [17]
Compare ª (FRAME 2306).
2187. blemish XR-2409
soil … empress. [9]
2188. µat &R-2554
soil … nightbreak. [8]
40 4 S EFF œ { L MAJOR PRIMITIVE ELEMENTS
2189. wharf %R-2482
soil … large city. [11]
2190. stuff up ùR-2694
soil … true. [13]
2191. dam ÔR-2432
soil … box … sun … woman. [12]
2192. railing 2R-2739
soil … puppet. [12]
_œ WOMAN_
2193. suckling infant ¸R-2968
two shells … woman. [17]
2194. violate ôR-2928
three women. [9]
MAJOR PRIMITIVE ELEMENTS 4 S EF œF { L 41
42 4 S F EœF { L MAJOR PRIMITIVE ELEMENTS
2195. jealous 4R-2902
woman … rock. [8]
2196. handmaiden ŠR-2621
woman … lowly. [11]
2197. well ³nished ‡R-2635
woman … address. [11]
2198. harlot ³R-2268
woman … prosperous. [11]
2199. courtesan ‰R-2755
woman … branch. [7]
Take care not to confuse with harlot in the previous frame.
2200. fair $R-2753
woman … ivy. [9]
The sense here is of someone lovely to behold.
2201. niece lR-3020
woman … climax. [9]
2202. envy ÐR-2429
woman … rapidly. [13]
2203. mistress ÁR-2305
woman … demand. [17]
The sense of the keyword here is the feminine form of “master.”
2204. aged woman ¨R-3089
woman … old man. [9]
2205. mother-in-law õR-2657
woman … old. [8]
2206. young miss ?R-3119
woman … shelf. [8]
2207. overjoyed aR-2403
woman … rejoice. [15]
MAJOR PRIMITIVE ELEMENTS 4 S F EœF { L 43
_{ CHILD_
2208. expecting ¬R-3136
³st … child. [5]
The keyword here means “pregnant.”
2209. assiduous ‡R-2885
child … taskmaster. [7]
_L HOUSE_
2210. soothe »R-2841
house … possession. [9]
2211. imply YR-2724
house … Talking Cricket. [12]
2212. extensive ]R-2613
house … by one’s side … elbow. [7]
44 S F œ E{ LF _ MAJOR PRIMITIVE ELEMENTS
2213. jail »R-2927
house … cow. [7]
2214. block up êR-2926
house … celery … animal legs … soil. [13]
2215. Sung dynasty [R-2925
house … tree. [7]
2216. venison ÊR-3111
house … six. [7]
This character is used for the meat of wild animals in general, par-ticularly boar and deer—hence the choice of the keyword.
__ FLAG_
2217. butchering 5R-2740
µag … puppet. [11]
MAJOR PRIMITIVE ELEMENTS œ { EL _F [ 2 45
2218. fart ÖR-2630
µag … compare. [7]
2219. rubbish `R-2628
µag … candle. [10]
2220. buttocks :R-3151
µag … baseball team. [5]
2221. frequently ÝR-2988
µag … rice … woman. [12]
2222. corpse |R-2792
µag … death. [9]
2223. folding screen ÛR-2513
µag … puzzle. [9]
46 { L E_F [ 2 X MAJOR PRIMITIVE ELEMENTS
_[ MOUNTAIN_
2224. high-reaching ˆR-2513
mountain … tall. [13]
2225. rugged mountains !R-2354
mountain … rice-seedlings … walking legs. [11]
2226. high mountain `R-2287
mountain … ego. [10]
2227. bluffs ”R-2441
mountain … cliff … ivy. [11]
2228. mountaintop …R-2495
mountain … jurisdiction. [17]
2229. ³t into %R-2555
mountain … wicker basket … yawn. [12]
This character is used to express ³tting one thing into another.
2230. rocky ØR-2364
MAJOR PRIMITIVE ELEMENTS L _ E[F 2 X ¸ 47
mountain … discrimination. [13]
_2 TOWEL_
2231. quire xR-2878
towel … fortuneteller. [8]
The keyword here is a counter for 25 sheets of paper.
2232. banner gR-3152
towel … dice. [15]
2233. pennant RR-2756
towel … kazoo. [15]
_X CAVE_
2234. cleaver ºR-2249
48 _ [ E2 XF ¸ Z MAJOR PRIMITIVE ELEMENTS
cave … wrap. [8]
2235. licensed quarters «R-2451
cave … enclosure. [14]
2236. overhang ©R-2629
cave … compare. [7]
2237. hawk ÜR-2597
cave … person … turkey … bird. [24]
2238. shire ºR-3059
cave … soil. [6]
2239. tomb sanctuary ëR-2577
cave … morning. [15]
_¸ BOW_
2240. strengthen éR-2830
bow … 2 ³elds … µoors & ceilings. [16]
See FRAME 2509 for a similar right-side combination.
MAJOR PRIMITIVE ELEMENTS [ 2 EX ¸F Z Y 49
2241. more and more ¡R-2892
bow … reclining … small. [8]
2242. loosen HR-2771
bow … scorpion. [6]
2243. rice gruel æR-3113
rice between two bows. [12]
_Z FINGERS_
2244. lathe ›R-2723
³ngers … rabbit. [11]
2245. bump into „R-2318
³ngers … juvenile. [15]
2246. disguise dR-2678
³ngers … part. [7]
50 2 X E¸ ZF K 5 MAJOR PRIMITIVE ELEMENTS
2247. pillage ER-2744
³ngers … capital. [11]
2248. shove )R-3060
³ngers … elbow … dart. [10]
2249. clutch ³R-3025
³ngers … country. [11]
2250. impress ÁR-2910
³ngers … Nara. [11]
The impression referred to here is like that made by a seal on wax.
2251. wrenching èR-2574
³ngers … wish. [11]
2252. scratch dR-2380
³ngers … crotch … insect. [11]
2253. assortment îR-2358
³ngers … two snakes … strung together. [15]
2254. wipe /R-2987
³ngers … style. [9]
MAJOR PRIMITIVE ELEMENTS X ¸ EZF Y K 5 51
2255. muster ¥R-2619
³ngers … in front. [12]
The sense of the keyword here is “to assemble in an orderly fash-ion.”
2256. deal with SR-3153
³ngers … separate. [10]
2257. churn up −R-2417
³ngers … memorize. [15]
2258. rubbing ™R-3154
³ngers … learn. [14]
The sense here is of rubbing out an image, as in “brass-rubbing.”
2259. press down on JR-2289
³ngers … relax. [9]
2260. nab •R-2330
³ngers … wooden leg. [10]
2261. imminent JR-3015
³ngers … µood … evening. [9]
52 X ¸ EZF Y K 5 MAJOR PRIMITIVE ELEMENTS
2262. disseminate üR-2731
³ngers … dice. [15]
2263. interpretation ¿R-2591
³ngers … mouth … ear. [12]
2264. receptable âR-2337
³ngers … lock of hair. [6]
2265. dedicate ¼R-2518
³ngers … observance. [11]
2266. twirl éR-2323
³ngers … sort of a thing. [15]
2267. counter for tools ×R-2276
³ngers … courts. [10]
This character is for counting scissors, guns, inksticks, oars, etc.
2268. commotion úR-2568
³ngers … melancholy. [18]
2269. make headway œR-2996
³ngers … walk. [11]
MAJOR PRIMITIVE ELEMENTS X ¸ EZF Y K 5 53
2270. petting CR-2608
³ngers … non. [15]
2271. sprinkle ^R-2970
³ngers … scatter. [15]
2272. outstanding êR-2995
³ngers … feathers … turkey. [17]
The concept here is “conspicuously surpass,” or “stick out of thecrowd.”
2273. spoils ÂR-2879
³ngers … broom run. [11]
Take special care when writing the right side of this character. The³rst stroke belongs to the element run and is followed by that forbroom.
2274. gouge out fR-2532
³ngers … guillotine. [7]
54 X ¸ EZ YF K 5 MAJOR PRIMITIVE ELEMENTS
_Y STATE OF MIND_
2275. wince êR-2864
state of mind … gone. [8]
2276. ponder ZR-2787
state of mind … turkey. [11]
2277. infatuation ¾R-2487
state of mind … knot … heart. [11]
2278. quickwitted †R-2492
state of mind … orders. [8]
2279. considerate −R-2676
state of mind … receive. [11]
2280. yearn ƒR-2317
state of mind … juvenile. [15]
2281. as if ÍR-2665
state of mind … ³t. [9]
MAJOR PRIMITIVE ELEMENTS ¸ Z EYF K 5 O 55
2282. enlarge uR-2832
state of mind … ashes. [9]
2283. respect for elders ÕR-2640
state of mind … younger brother. [10]
_K WATER_
2284. bubble up ÂR-2405
water … courageous. [12]
2285. canal JR-2493
water … rain … orders. [16]
2286. glistening ³R-2793
water … ray. [9]
2287. bounding main ïR-2478
water … sun … ray. [13]
The sense of the keyword is of a vast and deep body of water.
56 Z Y EKF 5 O M MAJOR PRIMITIVE ELEMENTS
2288. gargle )R-3049
water … bundle … yawn. [14]
2289. continent CR-2322
water … state. [9]
2290. swirling waters µR-2580
water … decameron. [9]
2291. seep (R-2775
water … nonplussed. [14]
2292. rinse ¸R-2801
water … west. [9]
2293. douse ™R-2799
water … tree. [7]
2294. teardrops «R-2820
water … eye. [8]
2295. gushing ÞR-2759
water … chariot. [12]
MAJOR PRIMITIVE ELEMENTS Z Y EKF 5 O M 57
2296. grains of sand ÜR-2452
water … few. [7]
2297. blaspheme •R-2802
water … sell. [10]
2298. lewd ‡R-2850
water … vulture … porter. [11]
2299. roofbeam ]R-2900
water … sword … two drops … tree. [11]
2300. sediment +R-2407
water … Mr. [16]
2301. widespread ˆR-2443
water … ³ngerprint. [5]
2302. old Kyoto #R-2741
water … each. [9]
This kanji originally referred to a place name in China, but in Japanwas adopted to refer to Kyoto, where it still survives in the namesof places and traditional establishments.
58 Z Y EKF 5 O M MAJOR PRIMITIVE ELEMENTS
2303. thou ËR-2798
water … woman. [6]
2304. ³lter ºR-2370
water … deer. [14]
2305. on the verge of ùR-2435
water … repeatedly. [19]
2306. moat ªR-2378
water … overpowering. [17]
This character, used today as an abbreviation for the country ofAustralia, should be learned in connection with ¨ (FRAME 2186).
2307. spray mR-2535
water … discharge. [12]
2308. drowning ñR-2940
water … weak. [13]
Do not confuse with ö (I.707), which is closer to the sense offounder.
2309. port QR-2439
water … play music. [12]
MAJOR PRIMITIVE ELEMENTS Z Y EKF 5 O M 59
2310. solitude oR-2445
water … grove. [11]
2311. abounding uR-2941
water … revelation. [10]
2312. water’s edge ÚR-2706
water … spike. [5]
2313. large goose £R-2808
water … craft … bird. [17]
2314. souse /R-2536
water … pegasus. [14]
2315. brimming uR-2953
water … bene³t. [13]
2316. cleanse ±R-2433
water … plump. [7]
2317. inundate /R-3017
water … tremendously. [12]
60 Z Y EKF 5 O M MAJOR PRIMITIVE ELEMENTS
2318. immaculate |R-2674
water … receive. [11]
2319. de³le ¾R-2826
water … precious. [15]
2320. moisten 3R-2547
water … roof. [12]
2321. rough seas ÀR-2805
water … dif³cult. [21]
2322. draw water ½R-2271
water … reach out. [6]
2323. river pool ªR-3126
water … silent. [17]
2324. cumulation IR-2529
water … detain. [13]
2325. abyss ÅR-2952
water … golden calf … sabre. [11]
MAJOR PRIMITIVE ELEMENTS Z Y EKF 5 O M 61
2326. chaos ±R-2610
water … earthworm. [7]
2327. pan- ‰R-2545
water … mediocre. [6]
The sense of the keyword here is the “all” as in terms like Pan-American. It is also the character used in mathematics for “partial”as in partial differentials.
2328. strainer YR-2863
water … prudence. [18]
2329. drench ßR-2306
water … demand. [17]
2330. eddy ÷R-3155
water … determine. [11]
2331. fabrication ÃR-3061
water … sun … soil. [9]
The keyword here is meant to suggest not merely something made,but something made with an intention to deceive.
62 Z Y EK 5F O M MAJOR PRIMITIVE ELEMENTS
2333. hatchet 2R-2814
father … axe. [8]
2334. grandpa ›R-2468
father … ear … city walls. [13]
_O PACK OF WILD DOGS_
2335. sly ÎR-2522
pack of wild dogs … skeleton. [13]
2336. indecent ÍR-2587
pack of wild dogs … be apprehensive. [12]
2337. cunning ÁR-2505
pack of wild dogs … mingle. [9]
2338. racoon dog ûR-2600
pack of wild dogs … computer. [10]
MAJOR PRIMITIVE ELEMENTS Y KE5 OF M Q 63
_5 FATHER_
2332. cauldron ßR-2813
father … metal. [10]
Note the stroke overlap between father and metal.
2333. hatchet 2R-2814
father … axe. [8]
2334. grandpa ›R-2468
father … ear … city walls. [13]
_O PACK OF WILD DOGS_
2335. sly ÎR-2522
pack of wild dogs … skeleton. [13]
2336. indecent ÍR-2587
pack of wild dogs … be apprehensive. [12]
64 K 5 EOF M Q h MAJOR PRIMITIVE ELEMENTS
2337. cunning ÁR-2505
pack of wild dogs … mingle. [9]
2338. racoon dog ûR-2600
pack of wild dogs … computer. [10]
2339. wolf ¼R-2603
pack of wild dogs … halo. [10]
2340. µustered BR-2460
pack of wild dogs … shell³sh. [10]
2341. pup KR-2444
pack of wild dogs … phrase. [8]
2342. fox !R-2510
pack of wild dogs … melon. [8]
2343. a-un ÀR-2244
pack of wild dogs … white. [8]
The a-un are lion-like dogs that often grace the front of temples orpublic buildings in Japan. Their name comes from the ³rst and lastletters of the Sanskrit alphabet (transliterated in Japanese as %A)and symbolize a wholeness as in the English phrase “alpha andomega.”
MAJOR PRIMITIVE ELEMENTS K 5 EO MF Q h 65
2344. aim at �R-2253
pack of wild dogs … shelf. [8]
2345. lion “R-2424
pack of wild dogs … expert. [13]
2346. baboon ¾R-2546
pack of wild dogs … dollar sign. [8]
_M FLOWERS_
2347. tobacco }R-3156
µowers … good. [8]
2348. jasmine ^R-2279
µowers … extremity. [8]
2349. hawthorn |R-2280
µowers … pro³t. [10]
66 5 O EMF Q h a MAJOR PRIMITIVE ELEMENTS
2350. strawberry UR-3138
µowers … mother. [8]
Note that the element for mother is written in its full form, not thenormal abbreviated form it usually takes when used as a primitive.To help remember this, think of the original pictographic image ofthe “two breasts of the mother.”
2351. bush clover KR-2308
µowers … autumn. [12]
2352. technique [old] åR-3183
µowers … rice-seedlings … ground … fat man … rising cloud. [18]
The abbreviation in common use is © (I.421).
2353. trim ¾R-3157
µowers … pheasant. [16]
The second element appears in FRAME 2584.
2354. straw raincoat RR-3158
µowers … declining. [13]
2355. numb gR-2533
µowers … committee. [11]
2356. moss
MAJOR PRIMITIVE ELEMENTS 5 O EMF Q h a 67
ÎR-2656
µowers … pedestal. [8]
2357. prodigal mR-2450
µowers … hot water. [15]
2358. cover over vR-2320
µower … shredder. [15]
2359. tendril HR-2348
µowers … mandala. [14]
2360. lotus ¥R-2463
µowers … carry along. [13]
2361. lotus µower 9R-2517
µowers … husband. [7]
Even though there is no essential difference in meaning betweenthis kanji and those in the preceding and following frames, thecharacter ¥ is the most common of the three.
2362. lotus blossom éR-2300
µowers … contain. [13]
2363. orchid 0R-2400
68 5 O EMF Q h a MAJOR PRIMITIVE ELEMENTS
µowers … gates … east. [19]
2364. hollow reed 6R-2871
µowers … door. [7]
2365. yam —R-2735
µowers … signature. [16]
2366. iris ÝR-2267
µowers … prosperous. [11]
2367. banana ßR-2310
µowers … char. [15]
2368. wick TR-2806
µowers … heart. [7]
2369. buckwheat ÷R-2351
µowers … angel. [15]
2370. butterbur MR-2298
µowers … path. [16]
2371. indigo /R-2638
µowers … oversee. [18]
MAJOR PRIMITIVE ELEMENTS 5 O EMF Q h a 69
2372. eggplant RR-2687
µowers … add. [8]
2373. bullying QR-2250
µowers … can. [8]
2374. behind the scenes ‰R-2404
µowers … shade. [14]
2375. wormwood ÈR-2283
µower … tryst. [13]
2376. mustard †R-2334
µowers … jammed in. [7]
2377. germinate ÇR-2954
µowers … bright. [11]
2378. grape FR-2680
µowers … bound up … dogtag. [12]
2379. grape vine ‰R-2955
µowers … bound up … tin can. [11]
70 5 O EMF Q h a MAJOR PRIMITIVE ELEMENTS
2380. resurrect MR-2962
µowers … ³sh … wheat. [19]
2381. grow wild £R-2730
µowers … dice. [15]
2382. cocklebur ‰R-2490
µowers … orders. [8]
2383. rush mat (R-2509
µowers … orphan. [11]
2384. darken ƒR-3011
µowers … crown … ceiling … sow. [13]
2385. grassy reed äR-2994
µowers … halberd. [ 8]
2386. plantain *R-2764
µowers … mosaic. [7]
2387. mow èR-3131
µowers … reap. [7]
2388. lid
MAJOR PRIMITIVE ELEMENTS 5 O EMF Q h a 71
™R-2984
µowers … gone … dish. [13]
2389. onion ãR-3062
µowers … double knot … heart. [12]
The double knot is from the extra stroke in the second primitive.
2390. revile …R-2982
µowers … net … a march. [14]
2391. hollyhock ,R-3063
µowers … teepee … heaven. [12]
2392. shingling LR-2589
µowers … mouth … ear. [12]
2393. stamen ÞR-2822
µowers … three hearts. [15]
2394. mushroom ìR-2873
µowers … ear. [9]
2395. sowing ÁR-2716
72 5 O EMF Q h a MAJOR PRIMITIVE ELEMENTS
µowers … time. [13]
2396. parsley =R-2855
µowers … axe. [7]
2397. thatching §R-3125
µowers … fortune-telling. [8]
2398. kudzu ÒR-2662
µowers … siesta. [11]
2399. pale blue xR-2296
µowers … godown. [13]
2400. straw ÕR-3122
µowers … tall … tree. [17]
2401. turnip GR-2609
µowers … nothingness. [15]
2402. sweet potato ˜R-2736
µowers … words … puppet. [18]
2403. quack «R-2966
µowers … number. [16]
MAJOR PRIMITIVE ELEMENTS 5 O EMF Q h a 73
The keyword here refers to a medic of questionable reputation. Itdoes not however carry the original meaning of the German term:a doctor who used water to cure.
2404. garlic òR-3117
µowers … two altars. [13]
2405. bracken ÖR-3159
µowers … cliff … mountain goat … yawn. [15]
2406. grow plentiful ¦R-2559
µower … lieutenant. [14]
2407. madder red /R-2992
µowers … west. [9]
2408. candle rush =R-2398
µowers … perfect. [10]
2409. collector KR-2829
µowers … ghost. [13]
2410. sedge ”R-2256
µowers … bureaucrat. [11]
2411. ditch reed 5R-2661
74 O M EQF h a � MAJOR PRIMITIVE ELEMENTS
µowers … locket. [12]
_Q ROAD_
2412. Way #R-2778
road … sprout. [8]
The upper case indicates its meaning as a true or moral Way.
2413. track down øR-3114
mountain … road. [6]
2414. crawl GR-3064
words … road. [10]
2415. detour —R-2393
potato … road. [6]
2416. elude ³R-2561
road … shield. [12]
2417. tryst
MAJOR PRIMITIVE ELEMENTS O M EQ hF a � 75
+R-2282
walking legs … bushes … road. [10]
2418. far off íR-2315
condor … road. [12]
2419. remote fR-2263
road … pup tent. [15]
2420. pressing ÚR-2704
wealth … road. [12]
2421. until @R-3160
beg … road. [6]
2422. modest «R-2399
grandchild … road. [13]
2423. standstill qR-2727
table … road. [10]
76 M Q Eh a �F Õ ½ MAJOR PRIMITIVE ELEMENTS
_h CITY WALLS_
2424. cultured qR-3008
possess … town walls. [9]
2425. courtesy åR-2908
animal horns … whiskey bottle … St. Bernard … city walls. [15]
_a PINNACLE_
2426. chink ²R-2978
pinnacle … small … sun … small. [12]
2427. nook iR-2586
pinnacle … ³eld … hairpin. [11]
MAJOR PRIMITIVE ELEMENTS h a E�F Õ ½ … 77
_� HEART_
2428. possessed 5R-3041
ice … team of horses … heart. [16]
The keyword here means “bewitched” or “enchanted” by a spirit.
2429. attract ûR-2747
young … heart. [12]
2430. without exception ÒR-2566
animal footprints … heart. [11]
2431. instantaneously ½R-2488
knot … heart. [8]
2432. ³rstborn son _R-2824
thing … heart. [12]
2433. in the nick of time °R-2261
butchers … heart. [13]
2434. sensitive ¢R-2427
78 a � EÕF ½ … MAJOR PRIMITIVE ELEMENTS
likeness … heart. [10]
_Õ SUN_
2435. overarching +R-3046
sun … receipt … stamp. [9]
Although this character is not essentially different in connotationfrom l (FRAME 2449), it is used chieµy now in names.
2436. progress HR-2833
The element for sun at the bottom is easy enough. The problem istop element, row, is an exception to the rule (I.1785) that the two“horns” at the top are eliminated only when it appears beneath itsrelative primitive. [10]
2437. equivocal KR-2436
sun … love. [17]
2438. aglow 8R-2647
sun … turn into. [11]
MAJOR PRIMITIVE ELEMENTS a � EÕF ½ … z 79
2439. halo =R-2758
sun atop a chariot. [13]
Be careful to keep this character distinct from that in the followingframe, which differs only by the disposition of the elements.
2440. glitter @R-2760
sun alongside a chariot. [13]
2441. dry weather !R-2651
sun … clothesline. [7]
2442. clear skies /R-2291
sun … relax. [10]
2443. morrow 7R-2512
sun … sign of the dragon. [11]
To indicate that this character is now used mainly in names, wehave assigned it the somewhat archaic-sounding keyword morrow.
2444. bleaching WR-3128
sun … west. [10]
2445. obscure *R-2537
sun … not yet. [9]
80 a � EÕF ½ … z MAJOR PRIMITIVE ELEMENTS
2446. limpid mR-2477
sun … ray. [10]
2447. air out XR-2338
sun … outburst. [19]
2448. dawn ‘R-2734
sun … signature. [17]
2449. elevate lR-2935
sun … craft … seal. [8]
Although this character is not essentially different in connotationfrom + (FRAME 2435), be sure to keep the writing distinct.
2450. effulgent óR-2804
sun … king. [8]
2451. dusk ËR-2457
family name … sun. [8]
2452. last day of the month {R-2773
sun … every. [10]
MAJOR PRIMITIVE ELEMENTS � Õ E½F … z J 81
_½ FLESH %% MOON_
2453. kidney fR-2975
slave … crotch … µesh. [13]
2454. thigh %R-2895
µesh … missile. [8]
2455. pus öR-2331
µesh … agriculture. [17]
2456. viscera ÜR-2255
µesh … borough. [12]
2457. bladder ÒR-2794
µesh … ray. [10]
2458. embryo ÎR-2870
µesh … negative. [9]
2459. anus ÃR-2344
µesh … craft. [7]
82 � Õ E½F … z J MAJOR PRIMITIVE ELEMENTS
2460. cowardice (R-2516
µesh … idea. [17]
2461. knee ÓR-2430
µesh … tree … umbrella … rice grains. [15]
Compare the right side of this character with Ô (I.932).
2462. fragile ÅR-2553
µesh … dangerous. [10]
2463. rib ÅR-2981
µesh … power. [6]
2464. elbow ÕR-2980
µesh … glue. [7]
2465. body cavity ‰R-2888
µesh … empty. [12]
2466. gland !R-2336
µesh … spring. [13]
2467. tumor *R-2884
µesh … heavy. [13]
MAJOR PRIMITIVE ELEMENTS � Õ E½ …F z J È 83
2468. dining tray 9R-2335
µesh … virtuous. [16]
2469. armrest ˆR-2615
µesh … by one’s side … elbow. [8]
2470. uncivilized &R-2605
old … moon. [9]
This character referred in China to foreigners, especially those tothe north and south of the “civilized” peoples who controlled themeaning of the characters. See FRAME 2881 for the Japanese equiv-alent.
_… TREE_
2471. maple tree JR-2526
tree … wind. [13]
2472. pillow 3R-3021
tree … crown tied around leg of person. [8]
Compare ¢ (I.1688).
84 Õ ½ E…F z J È MAJOR PRIMITIVE ELEMENTS
2473. purple willow ßR-2733
tree … piggy bank. [13]
2474. Oriental elm aR-2745
tree … capitol. [12]
2475. hazel JR-2484
tree … bonsai … wheat. [14]
2476. comb ^R-2942
tree … node. [17]
2477. wooden hammer ªR-2386
tree … chase. [13]
2478. mallet ÊR-2309
tree … char. [16]
2479. ladder ÙR-2641
tree … younger brother. [11]
2480. chair _R-2542
tree … strange. [12]
MAJOR PRIMITIVE ELEMENTS Õ ½ E…F z J È 85
2481. persimmon ¥R-2538
tree … market. [9]
2482. citrus tree $R-2556
tree … sweet. [9]
2483. girder ³R-3161
tree … going. [10]
2484. picket oR-2273
tree … whirlwind. [8]
2485. holly ÍR-2875
tree … winter. [9]
2486. citron ÁR-2779
tree … sprout. [9]
2487. wooden bowl ×R-2633
tree … address. [12]
2488. hemlock ²R-3109
tree … mother. [9]
2489. spindle tree
86 Õ ½ E…F z J È MAJOR PRIMITIVE ELEMENTS
5R-3107
tree … correct. [9]
2490. sacred Shinto tree /R-3106
tree … gods. [13]
2491. evergreen oak ÆR-3098
tree … strict. [16]
2492. Chinese black pine 0R-2692
tree … true. [14]
2493. Japanese oak ÃR-2818
tree … animal horns … whisky bottle. [13]
2494. mandarin orange ¤R-2960
tree … halbard … hood … human legs … mouth. [16]
2495. Japanese cypress ÛR-2333
tree … meeting. [10]
See also FRAME 2964 for old form.
2496. roost −R-2391
MAJOR PRIMITIVE ELEMENTS Õ ½ E…F z J È 87
tree … wife. [12]
2497. nestle °R-2800
tree … west. [10]
2498. spiny qR-2447
tree … grow late. [11]
This character refers originally to a deciduous, rough tree thatgrows on mountain plains. From this it gets the secondary sense ofrugged or spiny.
2499. bellµower £R-2519
tree … lodded crock. [10]
2500. temple grove 8R-3009
tree … soil. [7]
2501. grain rake !R-2765
tree … mosaic. [8]
2502. oar ÈR-3120
tree … tail. [11]
2503. wooden pestle §R-2921
tree … horse. [8]
88 Õ ½ E…F z J È MAJOR PRIMITIVE ELEMENTS
2504. cane üR-2408
tree … length. [7]
2505. sweet oak ©R-2784
tree … turkey. [12]
2506. barrel þR-2539
tree … revered. [16]
2507. palisade =R-2920
tree … tome. [9]
2508. turret ªR-2846
tree … ³sh … sun. [19]
2509. sturdy oak ÇR-3093
tree … 2 ³elds … µoors & ceilings. [17]
The type of oak tree this character refers to is clasically reputed tobe good for making boats, carts, and the like. See FRAME 2240 for asimilar right-side combination.
2510. wooden ladle òR-2815
tree … ladle. [7]
2511. damson
MAJOR PRIMITIVE ELEMENTS Õ ½ E…F z J È 89
5R-3087
tree … child. [7]
2512. raw cotton pR-2396
tree … white … towel. [12]
2513. escutcheon zR-2560
tree … shield. [13]
2514. hackberry ÐR-3130
tree … summer. [14]
2515. birch ÙR-2372
tree … splendor. [14]
2516. lance iR-2295
tree … godown. [14]
2517. wild mulberry ¸R-3028
tree … rock. [9]
2518. bale ÎR-2419
90 Õ ½ E…F z È ÷ MAJOR PRIMITIVE ELEMENTS
tree … quandary. [11]
2519. loquat ÇR-2631
tree … compare. [8]
2520. downspout ÂR-3096
tree … traf³c. [14]
2521. sled ,R-3065
tree … three furs. [16]
2522. enjoyment æR-2636
carrier … tree. [14]
2523. bookmark †R-2653
two clotheslines … tree. [10]
2524. coconut tree ÔR-2469
tree … ear … city walls. [12]
2525. sandalwood AR-2425
tree … top hat … rotation … night break. [17]
Compare the right side to ; (I.587).
2526. plotosid mR-3006
MAJOR PRIMITIVE ELEMENTS Õ ½ E…F z È ÷ 91
tree … rain … ceiling … snare. [15]
The plotosid tree is a symbol for a totally useless tree because of itsrough bark, spines, and foul-smelling leaves.
2527. zelkova ´R-2377
tree … standard. [15]
2528. cryptomeria “R-3110
tree … prosperous. [12]
2529. copious öR-2831
tree … cedar. [11]
2530. bucket )R-2872
tree … chopseal … utilize. [11]
2531. ellipse »R-2458
tree … pinnacle … left … µesh. [13]
We have met the element to the right here before, as in · (I.629).The standard form for this character is actually /, but the abbrevi-ation has passed into general use.
2532. star-anise !R-2343
tree … secrecy. [15]
The star-anise, as you will guess from the primitive on the left, is akind of tree—to be precise, a kind of Chinese evergreen that
92 ½ E… z JF È ÷ MAJOR PRIMITIVE ELEMENTS
belongs to the magnolia family. It is known for its aromatic oil.
_z FUR_
2533. furball yR-2319
fur … request. [11]
_J l FIRE %% OVEN-FIRE_
2534. twinkle ™R-2729
³re … feathers … turkey. [18]
2535. watch³re ’R-2264
³re … pup tent. [16]
2536. torch jR-2562
³re … gigantic. [9]
MAJOR PRIMITIVE ELEMENTS … z EJF È ÷ 93
2537. kindle eR-2898
grove … ³re. [12]
2538. moxa ¿R-2385
mummy … ³re. [7]
2539. candlelight 2R-2939
³re … net … bound up … insect. [17]
Compare the right complex of elements with ê (I.835).
2540. fanning ÷R-2402
³re … fan. [14]
2541. soot AR-2643
³re … so-and-so. [13]
2542. ³ring ¡R-2709
³re … east. [12]
Firing here, as in the process for making bricks or re³ning metals.
2543. dazzling aR-2856
³re … wand … evening … crotch … rice. [17]
2544. refulgent óR-2816
³re … ladle. [7]
94 … z EJF È ÷ , MAJOR PRIMITIVE ELEMENTS
2545. branding qR-2742
³re … each. [10]
2546. µames ÞR-2828
³re … bound up … olden days. [11]
Compare right elements in G(I.1315).
2547. fuse metal ãR-2299
³re … contain. [14]
This is the character for melt â (I.791), with the water replaced by³re.
2548. roast öR-2616
in front … oven-³re. [13]
2549. stew ÂR-2993
tall … complete … oven-³re. [11]
_È COW_
2550. tug
MAJOR PRIMITIVE ELEMENTS z J EÈ ÷F , œ ‡ 95
ÐR-2909
mysterious … crown … cow. [11]
Write the crown after the ³rst stroke of that for mysterious.
2551. female animal mR-2947
cow … spoon. [6]
2552. male animal *R-2948
cow … soil. [7]
_÷ JEWEL_
2553. precious stone óR-2316
jewel … condor. [13]
2554. chime qR-2446
jewel … grove. [12]
2555. marine blue wR-2530
jewel … detain. [14]
96 J È E÷F , œ ‡ MAJOR PRIMITIVE ELEMENTS
2556. speckled †R-2397
jewel … plaid … jewel. [12]
2557. lapis lazuli JR-2342
jewel … infant … µood. [11]
2558. tinker with ´R-2951
jewel … two hands. [7]
2559. burnish ÝR-2365
jewel … distinction. [14]
2560. hone çR-2906
jewel … sow. [11]
2561. coral bR-2905
jewel … tome. [9]
2562. coral reef @R-2606
jewel … old … moon. [13]
2563. fortunate …R-3066
jewel … mountain … comb. [13]
MAJOR PRIMITIVE ELEMENTS J È E÷F , œ ‡ 97
2564. silicon ƒR-2751
jewel … ivy. [10]
2565. jet LR-2384
jewel … mummy. [7]
The keyword jet refers to the dark black lignite whose susceptibilityto high polish makes it popular in ornamentation (and which alsogives us the phrase “jet-black”).
2566. crystal stone ÀR-2434
jewel … England. [12]
2567. toy OR-2301
jewel …beginning. [8]
2568. tinkling ‡R-2494
jewel … orders. [9]
_, FIELD_
2569. apprehensive
98 È ÷ E, œF ‡ ¢ Í MAJOR PRIMITIVE ELEMENTS
aR-2588
³eld … hairpin. [9]
2570. lastly ØR-3067
³eld … siliage … ten. [10]
The writing of this character looks more dif³cult than it is:
v w x y z Ø
2571. paddy-³eld ridge –R-2749
³eld … ivy. [11]
_œ SICKNESS_
2572. itch _R-2757
sickness … sheep. [11]
2573. phlegm
MAJOR PRIMITIVE ELEMENTS ÷ , EœF ‡ ¢ Í 99
gR-2781
sickness … inµammation. [13]
2574. measles NR-2774
sickness … umbrella … shape. [10]
2575. hemorrhoids »R-2715
sickness … temple. [11]
2576. cancer PR-2949
sickness … goods … mountain. [17]
2577. lose weight nR-2382
sickness … monkey … crotch. [12]
2578. scar ÐR-2705
sickness … silver. [11]
2579. paralysis hR-2620
sickness … lowly. [13]
100 , œ E‡ ¢F Í ½ Ë MAJOR PRIMITIVE ELEMENTS
_‡ EYE_
2580. apple of the eye ¹R-2890
eye … moo. [11]
2581. dizzy ±R-2294
eye … mysterious. [10]
2582. obvious aR-2262
eye … pup tent. [17]
2583. eyebrow ÊR-2913
The µag here has an extra vertical stroke in it. Think of it as an eyebrow pencil stuck in the eye. [9]
_¢ ARROW_
2584. pheasant
MAJOR PRIMITIVE ELEMENTS œ ‡ E¢ ÍF ½ Ë 101
CR-2782
arrow … turkey. [13]
2585. carpenter’s square MR-2563
arrow … gigantic. [10]
_Í ROCK_
2586. crag ¢R-2637
carrier … rock. [15]
2587. grapnel ÛR-2668
rock … determined. [13]
Compare this stone anchor with the metal anchor ð in FRAME
2765.
2588. blue-green ‚R-2821
jewel … white … rock. [14]
2589. inkstone
102 ‡ ¢ EÍF ½ Ë MAJOR PRIMITIVE ELEMENTS
ÔR-2807
rock … to see. [12]
2590. grindstone BR-2564
rock … calling card. [10]
2591. teacup ÙR-2634
rock … address. [13]
When a teacup is made out of wood, it is written × (see FRAME
2487).
2592. obstacle ˜R-2945
rock … nightbreak … glue. [13]
Compare the right side with “ (I.876).
2593. illustrious ÖR-3014
rock … head. [14]
2594. rocky beach rR-2303
rock … how much. [17]
2595. whetstone CR-2369
rock … cliff … ten thousand. [10]
MAJOR PRIMITIVE ELEMENTS ¢ Í E½F Ë ¹ C 103
2596. mill ŸR-3162
rock … turkey. [13]
_½ Ò ALTAR_
2597. fend off ÕR-2401
honorable … altar. [17]
2598. beseech eR-3054
altar … longevity. [11]
2599. ancestral tablet ÇR-2649
altar … right. [9]
2600. local god •R-2567
altar … family name. [8]
2601. ancestral shrine áR-2894
altar … lying down … small. [9]
104 ¢ Í E½ ËF ¹ C MAJOR PRIMITIVE ELEMENTS
2602. salarium ÄR-2340
altar … broom … rice grains. [12]
In the same way that Roman soliders were paid in salt (hence theword salarium) ranking functionaries in Japan’s feudal system col-lected their “salary” in rice.
2603. felicitation ÜR-2325
altar … upright. [13]
This kanji refers to a sign or token of congratulations.
_Ë WHEAT_
2604. balancing scales IR-3094
wheat … lily pad. [10]
2605. millet ¨R-3086
wheat … umbrella … grains of rice. [12]
2606. bald ˜R-2965
wheat … human legs. [7]
2607. bear fruit
MAJOR PRIMITIVE ELEMENTS Í ½ EË ¹F C Ë 105
SR-2575
wheat … wish. [13]
2608. crabgrass ÎR-2623
wheat … lowly. [13]
2609. bumper crop $R-2258
wheat … grass skirt. [18]
2610. imperial authority bR-2352
wheat … rice seedling … walking legs. [13]
2611. sparse vR-2456
wheat … hope. [12]
2612. obeisant óR-3004
wheat … spring … shape. [16]
106 ½ Ë E¹ CF − U MAJOR PRIMITIVE ELEMENTS
_¹ HOLE_
2613. peep ›R-2376
hole … protocol. [16]
2614. tight ?R-2520
hole … saw. [10]
2615. cavern cR-2281
hole … yield. [13]
2616. drill ùR-2944
hole … tusk. [9]
2617. kitchen stove ÝR-3068
hole … soil … (bucket of) eels. [17]
MAJOR PRIMITIVE ELEMENTS Ë ¹ EC −F U y 107
_C VASE_
2618. longness ÷R-3163
slave … crotch … vase. [14]
2619. rustling šR-2527
vase … wind. [14]
Note that the full character for wind is used here instead of thenormal primitive abbreviation. The sense of the keyword is the“sound of the wind.”
2620. outpost dR-3037
vase … fortune-telling. [10]
2621. repose ©R-2247
vase … blue. [13]
2622. concubine ²R-2904
vase … woman. [8]
108 ¹ C E− UF y – MAJOR PRIMITIVE ELEMENTS
_− CLOAK_
2623. lapel @R-2860
cloak … now. [9]
2624. hem —R-2389
cloak … reside. [13]
2625. lined kimono GR-3091
cloak … ³t. [11]
2626. pleated skirt $R-2367
cloak … St. Bernard … ceiling … snare. [11]
This kanji describes the formal divided skirt or hakama that youmight see university students wearing at graduation. For the rightside, compare * (I.1244).
2627. sliding door ùR-2413
cloak … core. [17]
This actually is the kanji for fusuma, an opaque sliding paper doorfound in Japanese houses.
MAJOR PRIMITIVE ELEMENTS C − EUF y – J 109
_U ¤ BAMBOO_
2628. Chinese panpipe rR-2700
bamboo … cell. [11]
2629. raft tR-2329
bamboo … to fell. [12]
2630. bamboo blinds ¢R-2642
bamboo … bargain. [19]
2631. rattan box 3R-2797
bamboo … simple. [15]
2632. pole 4R-2652
bamboo … clothesline. [9]
2633. spatula †R-2570
bamboo … hood … umbrella … compare. [14]
2634. foil SR-2245
bamboo … overnight. [14]
110 C − EUF y – J MAJOR PRIMITIVE ELEMENTS
2635. wardrobe kR-2254
bamboo … director. [11]
The term here refers to what contains one’s robes, not the robesthemselves.
2636. arrow shaft úR-2617
bamboo … in front. [15]
2637. ancient harp VR-2410
bamboo … craft … mediocre. [12]
This harp, an ancient relative of the present Japanese koto, had 5,13, or 21 strings.
2638. cage ½R-2868
bamboo … dragon. [16]
2639. slender bamboo ÙR-3164
bamboo … person … walking stick … taskmaster … tree. [17]
2640. chopsticks cR-3092
bamboo … puppet. [14]
2641. redaction eR-2420
bamboo … eyeball … St. Bernard … thread. [20]
MAJOR PRIMITIVE ELEMENTS C − EU yF – J 111
2642. bamboo cane ÈR-2847
bamboo … two. [8]
2643. winnowing fan MR-2663
bamboo … bushel basket. [14]
2644. backpack ÃR-2272
bamboo … reach out. [9]
2645. livraison ŠR-2270
bamboo … door … scrapbooks. [15]
The French word captures better than any English word can therange of uses this character has in designating chapter, volume,part, or fascile of a classical text.
2646. should eR-2711
bamboo … tongue. [12]
The sense of the keyword here is not one of moral obligation (aswe saw in ], FRAME 2105) but rather of something that is “expect-ed” of one.
2647. winnow ÃR-2722
bamboo … bushel basket … pelt. [19]
112 − U Ey –F J g MAJOR PRIMITIVE ELEMENTS
_y RICE_
2648. settlings TR-2246
rice … white. [11]
The keyword here refers to the sediment left in making rice saké.Its meaning is substantially the same as the character in the follow-ing frame.
2649. lees qR-2260
rice … cadet. [17]
2650. paste #R-2604
rice … old … moon. [15]
2651. unhulled rice ‘R-3100
rice … blade. [9]
2652. rice bran |R-2437
rice … ease. [17]
2653. excrement hR-2986
rice … uncommon. [17]
MAJOR PRIMITIVE ELEMENTS U y E–F J g 113
2654. foxtail millet FR-2903
Old West … rice. [12]
_– THREAD_
2655. link up ›R-2874
car … missile … thread. [17]
2656. twine /R-2521
thread … meeting … scrapbooks. [14]
The keyword here is mean to indicate woven cord.
2657. carpet yarn óR-2851
thread … ten … ³esta. [12]
2658. ties îR-2259
thread …half. [11]
The sense of the keyword is as in the phrase “family ties.”
114 U y E–F J g MAJOR PRIMITIVE ELEMENTS
2659. scarlet ¹R-2718
thread … un-. [14]
2660. synthesis sR-2825
thread … religion. [14]
2661. string ÞR-2455
thread … sign of the cow. [10]
2662. chinstrap ‚R-2614
thread … by his side … elbow. [10]
2663. summarize !R-3010
thread … cave … computer … animal legs … earth . [21]
2664. gorgeous BR-2581
thread … decameron. [12]
2665. embroidery GR-2917
thread … solemn. [17]
2666. pongee ÂR-2777
MAJOR PRIMITIVE ELEMENTS U y E– JF g ¿ 115
thread … sprout. [11]
2667. ornate þR-2541
thread … strange. [14]
2668. damask CR-2355
thread … rice seedlings … walking legs. [14]
2669. catgut ëR-2292
thread … mysterious. [11]
The sense of the keyword is that of “strings” used for stringedinstruments, which are not necessarly the intestines of cats.
2670. come apart at the seams 4R-2669
thread … determine. [14]
2671. stripe ßR-3123
thread … tall. [16]
2672. gimp 6R-2326
thread … accept. [14]
The keyword here refers to wound yarn with a hard core.
2673. gossamer èR-2853
thread … few. [10]
116 y – EJ ¿F ” h MAJOR PRIMITIVE ELEMENTS
_J BOAT_
2674. rudder ºR-2592
boat … house … spoon. [11]
2675. gunwale ìR-2293
boat … mysterious. [11]
_¿ EAR_
2676. strung together ¤R-2823
ear … two cocoons … cactus. [17]
The last primitive, cactus, does not appear elsewhere in this book,but is useful to learn, especially for writing old forms. It is picto-graphic.
2677. attentive tR-2339
ear … public … heart. [14]
2678. summons
MAJOR PRIMITIVE ELEMENTS – J E¿ gF ” h 117
³R-3069
ear … sprout … snare. [10]
2679. addiction 5R-2916
ear … crown … human legs. [10]
2680. exclamation œR-2467
ear … city walls. [8]
The keyword here was used classically for general exclamation.
_g INSECT_
2681. µea ùR-2381
crotch … two drops … insect. [10]
2682. crab ‡R-2416
unravel … insect. [19]
2683. protein 7R-2950
zoo … insect. [11]
118 J ¿ EgF ” h B MAJOR PRIMITIVE ELEMENTS
2684. hibernation bR-3030
tenacious … insect. [17]
2685. houseµy HR-3118
insect … eels. [15]
2686. ant —R-2257
insect … righteousness. [19]
2687. bee ÉR-2284
insect … walking legs … bushes. [13]
2688. wax ÀR-2943
insect … owl … wind … corncob. [14]
Compare the right side to _ (I.1940).
2689. shrimp VR-2374
insect … staples …mouth … box …crotch. [15]
Compare the right side with E (I.1882).
2690. octopus îR-3165
insect … candle. [13]
2691. screw ùR-2919
MAJOR PRIMITIVE ELEMENTS J ¿ Eg ”F h B 119
insect … accumulate. [17]
2692. cicada ãR-2810
insect … simple. [15]
2693. frog £R-2752
insect … ivy. [12]
2694. moth fR-2288
insect … ego. [13]
2695. clam yR-3121
insect … ³t. [12]
2696. leech óR-3166
insect … climax. [12]
2697. oyster ¦R-2368
insect … cliff … ten thousand. [11]
120 g ” Eh BF í ë MAJOR PRIMITIVE ELEMENTS
_” NET_
2698. ruled lines œR-2956
net … ivy … wand. [14]
2699. insult )R-2845
net … horse. [15]
_h CLOTHES_
2700. stole wR-2691
add … clothes. [11]
This keyword is used for the stole of a Buddhist monk, generally incombination with the character in the following frame.
2701. monk’s sash áR-2453
water … few … clothes. [13]
See note in previous frame.
MAJOR PRIMITIVE ELEMENTS ” h EB íF ë ³ 121
_B THANKSGIVING_
2702. accept humbly ÈR-2697
Thanksgiving … uncommon. [17]
2703. incision WR-2696
Thanksgiving … turkey. [14]
2704. I wonder éR-2695
plantation … mouth. [9]
The sense of the keyword is as in sentences such as “I wonderwhen it will arrive.” The character, however, is used now only inpoetry and names.
_í WORDS_
2705. counsel íR-2579
words … decameron. [13]
122 h B EíF ë ³ MAJOR PRIMITIVE ELEMENTS
2706. polite øR-3070
words … receive. [15]
2707. vendetta NR-2979
two turkeys … words. [23]
2708. remonstrate @R-2710
words … east. [15]
2709. riddle ¿R-3095
words … astray. [16]
2710. verify eR-2746
words … capital. [15]
2711. compliment gR-2421
words … approval. [22]
2712. who? !R-2786
words … turkey. [15]
2713. query gR-2438
words … ten … ³shhook. [10]
MAJOR PRIMITIVE ELEMENTS h B EíF ë ³ 123
2714. split up ¼R-2531
words … guillotine. [11]
2715. visit a shrine ¤R-2543
words … delicious. [13]
2716. give up áR-2311
words … sovereign. [16]
2717. elucidate &R-2576
words … complete. [13]
2718. prevarication ²R-2594
words … house … spoon. [12]
2719. familiarity ˜R-2418
words … best regards. [15]
2720. fallible àR-2776
words … feathers … umbrella … shape. [18]
2721. beg pardon ÔR-3167
words … home. [13]
124 h B Eí ëF ³ Š MAJOR PRIMITIVE ELEMENTS
2722. advise lR-3071
words … take. [15]
2723. proverb îR-3023
words … lad. [16]
2724. slander ½R-2719
words … un-. [15]
2725. so-called iR-2414
words … stomach. [17]
2726. secret agent ”R-2508
words … generations … tree. [17]
2727. footnote iR-2761
words … candlestick. [12]
2728. parable HR-2625
ketchup … words. [20]
MAJOR PRIMITIVE ELEMENTS B í Eë ³F Š N 125
_ë CAR_
2729. rumble ¬R-2972
three cars. [21]
2730. reinforce £R-2681
car … dogtag. [14]
2731. spoke èR-2703
car … wealth. [16]
The keyword refers to the spoke of a wheel.
2732. assemble PR-2590
car … mouth … ear. [16]
_³ BADGER_
2733. countenance åR-3002
badger … white … human legs. [14]
126 ë ³ EŠF N© h MAJOR PRIMITIVE ELEMENTS
2734. panther êR-2859
badger … ladle. [10]
_Š SHELL_
2735. despicable (R-2660
shell … ³esta. [13]
2736. af³x $R-2877
shell … fortuneteller. [12]
2737. get ’R-3124
generation … shell. [12]
2738. graft ¬R-2743
shells … each. [13]
2739. bustling ÑR-2511
shells … sign of the dragon. [14]
MAJOR PRIMITIVE ELEMENTS ³ Š ENF © h $ 127
_N WOODEN LEG_
2740. stumble ÈR-3034
wooden leg … substance. [22]
2741. hoof âR-2312
wooden leg … sovereign. [16]
2742. kick OR-2362
wooden leg … concerning. [19]
2743. vestiges ÕR-2548
wooden leg … blame. [18]
2744. straddle +R-2366
wooden leg … St. Bernard … ceiling … snare. [13]
2745. kneel ŸR-2552
wooden leg … danger [13]
128 Š N E©F h $ – MAJOR PRIMITIVE ELEMENTS
_© WHISKY_
2746. soy sauce èR-2324
leader … whisky bottle. [17]
2747. whey ÚR-2840
whisky bottle … just so. [16]
2748. hooch jR-2901
whisky bottle … glue. [10]
This kanji is used for thick saké, made from various kinds of grains.
2749. ghee ER-2607
whisky bottle … old … moon. [16]
2750. awakening ÀR-2698
whisky bottle … star. [16]
2751. strong saké ‡R-2675
whisky bottle … receive. [15]
MAJOR PRIMITIVE ELEMENTS N © Eh $F – ! 129
_h BARLEY_
2752. noodles tR-2395
barley … mask. [16]
2753. malt −R-2361
barley … bound up … rice. [15]
_$ METAL_
2754. button ôR-2812
metal … mouth. [11]
2755. keg —R-2645
metal … portent. [14]
2756. plow £R-2428
metal … help. [15]
This is the plow whose blades were used to grill meat and which
130 © h E$F – ! Ê MAJOR PRIMITIVE ELEMENTS
MAJOR PRIMITIVE ELEMENTS © h E$F – ! Ê 131
gives us the word sukiyaki.
2757. pot ÂR-3168
metal … jawbone. [17]
2758. arrowhead ðR-2252
metal … antique. [19]
2759. handsaw ÓR-2388
metal … reside. [16]
2760. awl ‚R-2785
metal … turkey. [16]
2761. key ÝR-2327
metal … build. [17]
2762. hoe nR-2307
metal … autumn. [17]
2763. rivet ñR-3102
metal … soldier. [15]
2764. tin ÷R-2957
metal … piggy bank. [16]
2765. anchor ðR-2275
metal … seedlings. [16]
2766. nail æR-2707
metal … spike. [10]
2767. javelin ¬R-3169
metal … dispatch. [21]
2768. sword’s point ÎR-2285
metal … walking legs … bushes. [15]
2769. hammer ¬R-2387
metal … chase after. [17]
Compare the wooden hammer ª in FRAME 2477.
2770. carillion éR-2644
metal … correct. [13]
This character indicates a western bell, which is struck from theinside by a gong, unlike the oriental bell ë, which is struck fromthe outside.
2771. rust TR-2248
132 © h E$ –F ! Ê MAJOR PRIMITIVE ELEMENTS
metal … blue. [16]
Since Chinese and Japanese distinguishes blue and green differentlyfrom European languages, it is not surprising that the verdigris thatoccurs on copper is here indicated by the element for blue.
2772. cluster êR-2883
metal … heavy. [17]
2773. scissors šR-3170
metal … St. Bernard dog … assembly line. [15]
This is the character on which the element for scissors ¿ was based.
_– GATES_
2774. µash 0R-2985
gates … person. [10]
2775. agony ”R-2977
gates … heart. [12]
2776. side gate ›R-2666
MAJOR PRIMITIVE ELEMENTS h $ E– ! ÊF ¾ 133
gates … ³t. [14]
2777. pitch dark MR-2714
gates … sound. [17]
_! WEATHER_
2778. trickle ËR-3171
weather … below. [11]
2779. haze ]R-2375
weather … hobby. [17]
_Ê MIST_
2780. quill 9R-2834
134 – ! EÊ ¾F z Ç MAJOR PRIMITIVE ELEMENTS
mist … umbrella … feathers. [16]
2781. auspices :R-2803
mist … umbrella … Big Dipper. [14]
_¾ LEATHER_
2782. saddle NR-2290
leather … relax. [15]
2783. whip —R-2448
leather … convenience. [18]
2784. saddle straps íR-2626
leather … candle. [16]
2785. briefcase ÚR-3097
leather … wrap. [14]
2786. pliable jR-2489
MAJOR PRIMITIVE ELEMENTS ! Ê E¾ zF Ç+ 135
leather … blade. [12]
2787. terminate œR-2360
leather … bound up … rice. [17]
_z HEAD_
2788. immediate ´R-2611
earthworm … head. [13]
2789. overturn &R-2693
true … head. [19]
2790. brush tip ÂR-2999
spoon … wheat … head. [16]
2791. about that time ÃR-2422
spoon … head. [11]
2792. cheek êR-2266
136 Ê ¾ Ez ÇF + Ö MAJOR PRIMITIVE ELEMENTS
scissors … head. [15]
2793. exceedingly •R-2721
pelt … head. [14]
2794. accolade †R-2819
public … head. [13]
2795. chin ÃR-2475
2 mouths … ceiling … snare … head. [18]
2796. neck and throat §R-2523
spool … head. [14]
The key word here is meant to specify the anatomical neck, to dis-tinguish it from the broader uses of the character / (I.70).
MAJOR PRIMITIVE ELEMENTS ¾ z EÇF + Ö š 137
_7 Ç FOOD_
2797. feed ´R-2811
food … ear. [14]
The sense of the key word here is that of bait or feed for animals.
2798. repast jR-3012
wand … evening … crotch … food. [16]
2799. feast ûR-2332
hometown … food. [20]
The feast intended here is a banquet of food.
2800. eclipse 8R-2838
eat … insect. [14]
2801. sweets AR-3090
food … pedestal. [13]
2802. mochi ŠR-2514
food … puzzle. [14]
Mochi is the glutinous rice the Japanese pound into cakes.
138 z ÇE+F Ö š MAJOR PRIMITIVE ELEMENTS
_+ TEAM OF HORSES_
2803. stretcher jR-2690
add … team of horses. [15]
2804. piebald ¾R-2998
horse … simple. [19]
2805. rush RR-2772
team of horses … scorpion. [13]
2806. cheat ÔR-2269
team of horses … door … scrapbook. [19]
2807. tame ÄR-2809
team of horses … stream. [13]
2808. rebuttal ^R-2886
team of horses … two sheaves. [14]
2809. gallop QR-3072
team of horses … hill. [15]
MAJOR PRIMITIVE ELEMENTS z ÇE+ ÖF š Ä 139
2810. donkey áR-3073
tesm of horses … tiger … ³eld … dish. [26]
_Ö FISH_
2811. eel §R-2346
³sh … mandala. [22]
2812. sea bream ÕR-2767
³sh … circumference. [19]
2813. sardine zR-3099
³sh … weak. [21]
2814. trout 6R-2540
³sh … revered. [23]
2815. salmon .R-2750
³sh … ivy. [17]
140 z Ç+ EÖF š Ä MAJOR PRIMITIVE ELEMENTS
2816. tuna 4R-3133
³sh … possession. [17]
2817. sweet smelt 6R-2880
³sh … fortunetelling. [16]
2818. horse mackerel 7R-3115
³sh … nonplussed. [19]
2819. cod üR-3132
³sh … snow. [22]
2820. mackerel RR-3182
³sh … blue. [19]
2821. shark UR-3129
³sh … mingle. [17]
2822. bonito ÖR-3127
³sh … strict. [23]
2823. bullhead ÉR-3172
³sh … autumn. [20]
MAJOR PRIMITIVE ELEMENTS z Ç+ EÖ šF Ä 141
2824. alligator ÓR-2476
³sh … 2 mouths … ceiling … snare. [20]
2825. crucian ^R-3134
³sh … adhere to. [16]
2826. sushi AR-3173
³sh … delicious [17]
2827. ³sh ³n ôR-3075
³sh … old man … sun. [21]
_š BIRD_
2828. seagull ûR-2713
ward … bird. [15]
2829. roc ÑR-2277
companion … bird. [19]
142 z Ç+ Ö EšF Ä MAJOR PRIMITIVE ELEMENTS
2830. parakeet ¬R-3076
suckling babe … bird. [19]
This character is generally used in combination with that in the fol-lowing frame. See FRAME 2193 for the element to the left.
2831. parrot `R-2817
warrior … bird. [19]
2832. cormorant šR-3174
younger brother … bird. [18]
2833. heron 5R-2297
path … bird. [24]
2834. eagle ÐR-2363
concerning … bird. [23]
2835. wild duck âR-3077
push … bird. [16]
2836. kite falcon ¦R-3074
arrow … bird. [14]
2837. owl —R-3044
bird … tree. [11]
MAJOR PRIMITIVE ELEMENTS z Ç+ Ö š EÄF 143
CHAPTER 3
Miscellaneous Kanji
The characters introduced in this chapter (107 in all) are notarranged in any particular order, except where one serves as anelement for the next.
2841. Hades dR-2470
crown … sun … six. [10]
The reference here is to the underworld, the world of the dead. Byway of the classic Greek association, it is also used for the planetPluto.
2842. close the eyes ÅR-2471
eye … Hades. [15]
2843. murky CR-2472
sun … Hades. [14]
2844. sitting in mediation âR-2356
assembly line … soil. [7]
2845. sprain äR-2357
³ngers … sitting in meditation. [10]
2846. ³rst day of the month ;R-2572
mountain goat … moon. [10]
2847. go upstream PR-2573
³rst day of the month … road. [13]
2848. drag »R-2479
sun … under one’s arm. [6]
Take particular care not to confuse this keyword with the familiarprimitive element for drag 4.
2849. dribble out ¿R-2480
water … drag. [9]
2850. comet ‡R-2891
two bushes … broom. [11]
2851. astute ŠR-2893
comet … heart. [15]
Note that the second stroke on the element for broom does notpass through as it does in the character for comet. A similar changetakes place in the character ¹. It would be nice if it were possibleto make a rule for this kind of transformation, but the evolution ofthe kanji has not been consistent on this point.
MISCELLANEOUS KANJI 145
2852. applaud ?R-2686
drum … add. [14]
2853. evil ÝR-2449
villain … human legs. [6]
2854. helmet ÜR-3078
white bird between two open boxes … human legs. [11]
2855. bracing ZR-2857
St. Bernard with two pair of sheaves on each side. [11]
The sense of the keyword is of something refreshing and invigorat-ing.
2856. depressed ¥R-2936
two sheaves in a woods … net … silver … glue. [22]
The keyword here refers to the psychological state of depression.
2857. kalpa ¥R-2865
gone … muscles. [7]
A kalpa is a mythical measure of time (something over 4 billionyears) used in ancient India and today mainly in classic Buddhisttexts.
146 MISCELLANEOUS KANJI
2858. erection õR-3079
needle … crown … child … muscles. [9]
2859. bemoan +R-2796
strawman … yawn. [15]
2860. palanquin ÔR-3027
Think of this character as entertainment with a car since the onlydifferent between it and the character for entertainment is thesubstitution of the element for car in place of same. [17]
2861. southeast öR-2359
two snakes … strung together. [12]
One of the directions in classical Chinese geomancy, this characteris used in Japanese today chieµy in names.
2862. warped ËR-2897
negation … correct. [9]
2863. jade green zR-3050
feathers … graduate. [14]
2864. blue-black ÔR-2278
substitute … black. [16]
MISCELLANEOUS KANJI 147
2865. tripod çR-2963
This character is not hard to remember if you think of it as back-to-back characters for one-sided with a sun in the middle (andnecessitating a shorter vertical stroke for one-sided). [12]
2866. rocksalt ±R-2991
wand … pent up … sheave … four dots. [11]
2867. lye áR-2251
rocksalt … awl. [19]
2868. reserved õR-3139
tiger … plaid. [10]
2869. swallow àR-2983
twenty … two people back to back … mouth … oven-³re. [16]
2870. lick °R-2780
outhouse … delicious. [14]
2871. almost ÷R-2655
bones … pedestal. [9]
2872. start yR-2392
child … dish. [8]
148 MISCELLANEOUS KANJI
2873. mahjong tiles 5R-2622
one-sided … lowly. [12]
2874. remains ŸR-2769
skeleton … acorn. [16]
2875. peek øR-3175
director … see. [12]
2876. mottled âR-3080
tiger … form. [11]
2877. Manchu dynasty QR-2483
bonsai … wheat. [10]
2878. sparrow –R-2858
few … turkey. [11]
The last stroke of few doubles up with the ³rst stroke of turkey.
2879. peregrine falcon zR-2426
turkey … needle. [10]
2880. shimmering çR-2728
ray of light … feathers … turkey. [20]
MISCELLANEOUS KANJI 149
2881. ebisu VR-2990
great … bow. [6]
Ebisu is a Japanization of the Ainu word enchu which means “per-son.” In former times, it was used to mean any of the “uncivilized”people living north of the area of present-day Tokyo.
2882. relatives ÉR-2961
uncle … parade. [11]
2883. cyst ðR-2881
needle … middle … crown … eight … celery … scarf. [19]
Not how the elements for needle and middle share a common, ver-tical stroke in this particularly complex character.
2884. domburi )R-3081
well … drop. [5]
2885. carefree …R-2732
monkey … piggy bank. [14]
2886. circling qR-2791
stretch … -times. [9]
2887. capital suburbs sR-2304
two cocoons … ³eld … ³esta. [15]
150 MISCELLANEOUS KANJI
2888. elation 5R-2854
ax … yawn. [8]
2889. stalwart pR-2899
vase … sow … missile. [15]
2890. this ˆR-3016
bushel basket … axe. [12]
This character is not substantially different from the character weidenti³ed as this here  (FRAME 2043).
2891. wooden spoon FR-2849
just so … spoon. [11]
The character for spoon already learned 0 (I.444) is actually anabbreviation of this fuller character. The meanings are essentiallythe same.
2892. set straight âR-3003
box … king. [6]
2893. founding dR-3005
door … taskmaster … brush. [14]
You will recognize the combination at the top here from the char-acter } (I.1085).
MISCELLANEOUS KANJI 151
2894. Utamaro CR-3116
hemp … spine. [18]
This kanji was used during the Heian period to refer to oneself. Itis a home-grown Japanese character whose reading ‰œ comesfrom combining the Chinese readings of its two elements. It isused today only for names, the most famous of which is the nameof the celebrated painter of ukiyo-e paintings, Utamaro HC.
2895. conglomerate UR-2882
upside down in a row … soil … take. [18]
This character is often used for collections of books or essays; theonly reason for the choice of the keyword is that the number ofsynonyms for “collection” has been fairly exhausted already!
2896. entreat 0R-3013
sheaf … possess. [8]
2897. symmetrically patterned ±R-2717
un- … plaid. [12]
2898. magistrate ãR-2887
silver in the middle of … the sign of the hare. [12]
2899. ³ddle with SR-2302
learn … beginning. [15]
152 MISCELLANEOUS KANJI
2900. within êR-2837
compass … umbrella … two drops. [8]
2901. hackneyed QR-2911
St. Bernard … hair. [10]
2902. rebellion ƒR-2658
half … … anti-. [9]
2903. sharp point êR-2827
a small tip on something… large. [6]
2904. crock ÀR-2937
samurai … crown … Asia. [11]
Note how the second stroke in crown doubles up with the ³rststroke of Asia.
2905. sapience µR-2932
wand … crown … ceiling … valley with eye (instead of mouth) …crotch. [16]
In order to remember the change in the element for valley, think ofthe clear-seeing eye that distinguishes homo sapiens.
2906. chieftain RR-2938
horns … whisky bottle. [9]
MISCELLANEOUS KANJI 153
2907. nightingale úR-3000
schoolhouse … bird. [16]
2908. incandescent ¹R-2412
two reds. [14]
2909. supinate dR-2974
slave … person. [9]
The somewhat archaic-sounding keyword here indicates someonestreched out or lying µat.
2910. nephew ìR-2699
cell … male. [12]
2911. gourd æR-2274
ballot … melon. [16]
2912. biwa ÉR-2632
two jewels … this here. [12]
This character is usually found with the next one, to give the biwa,a Japanese lute.
2913. lute %R-2763
two jewels … mosaic. [12]
154 MISCELLANEOUS KANJI
2914. forked ÖR-2971
crotch … drop. [3]
This character, incidentally, is used in the word for “tuning fork.”
2915. rose of Sharon uR-2440
birdhouse … sunglasses. [12]
2916. dry ³eld jR-3176
dove … ³eld. [10]
2917. ³st ÌR-3082
quarter … hand. [10]
2918. vegetable patch ›R-2684
pent in … dogtag. [10]
2919. helping hand ðR-2394
complete … water … µoor. [5]
The shape of this character is already familiar from the character %(I.1900). As we learned then, the second stroke of complete doublesup with the ³rst stroke for water.
2920. translucent VR-2907
tall … crown … human legs. [9]
MISCELLANEOUS KANJI 155
2921. blood relative ˆR-2989
human legs surrounding cocoon … µesh. [9]
2922. transcription ER-2836
zoo … infant … µood. [12]
2923. ointment ŠR-2557
tall … µesh. [14]
Note how the element tall is compressed in order to ³t on top.
2924. pioneer zR-3026
ghost … Big Dipper. [14]
2925. ambrosial ¢R-2431
voice … missile … incense. [20]
2926. label ˆR-2507
one-sided … generation … tree. [13]
2927. glimpse „R-2321
shredder … eye. [17]
2928. large hill @R-2481
maestro … needle. [8]
156 MISCELLANEOUS KANJI
This is the original character that was abbreviated to form the ele-ment we learned as pinnacle a.
2929. testicle ÁR-2462
blood … happiness. [14]
2930. sorceress BR-3040
craft … assembly line. [7]
2931. empathetic °R-2677
receive … taskmaster. [12]
2932. Andromeda fR-2748
St. Bernard … ivy. [9]
2933. soar ™R-3048
sheep … wings. [12]
2934. beaming –R-2702
white … revelation. [12]
2935. tenebrous ÄR-3083
wheat … (slip)knot … umbrella … rice grains. [15]
Take special care in writing the second element here. You mightthink of it as a “slipknot” (in which one stroke has slipped off).
MISCELLANEOUS KANJI 157
2936. bold ‘R-2867
run … cornucopia. [10]
2937. stop short CR-3029
This character can be kept distinct from the familiar sign of thesnake L (I.2042) by noting that the ³nal stroke stops short. [3]
2938. thornbush −R-3033
This character is no different in meaning from the character alreadylearned for thorn r (I.417). The only difference in writing is therepetition of the element composed of tree and belt. (Incidentally,that element on its own [ has the same meaning of thorn, thoughit is far less commonly seen.) [12]
2939. crowd ´R-3038
ear … crotch … two drops … person … rag. [14]
This character should not be confused with L (I.1857). Despitethe similarity, it is neither an abbreviated or alternate form of it. Ifanything, in modern usage it is most likely to be replaced with T
(I.559).
2940. resucitate 6R-2701
grow late … cell. [12]
2941. pruning åR-2618
in front … dagger. [11]
158 MISCELLANEOUS KANJI
2942. upbringing ÒR-3177
somebody … beautiful. [16]
2943. plentiful ]R-2515
fruit … many. [14]
2944. snore ÜR-2650
nose … dry. [17]
2945. cast a spell þR-3178
exit … altar. [19]
MISCELLANEOUS KANJI 159
CHAPTER 4
Western Measurements
The handful of characters presented in this chapter are meantto introduce you to the basic principles used in writing Westernunits of measurement. Contemporary Japanese has by and largediscarded this way of writing, but it is not uncommon to meetthese characters in historical texts.
2946. kilometer ,R-3101
rice … one thousand. [9]
The character y is used for meter (from the sound). Thus, a kilo-meter is made by adding the element for thousand.
2947. centimeter :R-3108
rice … one rin. [15]
The reason that the rin or 1/1000 of a yen is added to the meterto give us centimeter is that m originally meant 1/000th, and z1/1000th, as we see in the following frame.
2948. millimeter VR-3179
rice … fur. [10]
Incidentally, the same conventions are used to create litres, centil-itres, and millilitres, based on another kanji chosen for its sound:C, a, and c.
2949. ton «R-2612
mouth … immediate. [16]
The character ´, again from the sound, represents a ton. The addi-tion of the element of mouth to the left indicates that it is beingused for its sound to and to convey a meaning other than the nor-mal meaning of the character. This is a device commonly used inwritten Chinese.
2950. mile /R-2601
mouth … one ri. [10]
Although the mile is longer than the ri, the two are close enoughthat the addition of the mouth can indicate a foreign unit of mea-surement.
2951. nautical mile ¡R-2599
water … one ri. [10]
Since the Japanese did not have a separate unit for measuring nau-tical ri, this character was used for the Western measurement of thenautical mile. The same holds true of the characters in the nexttwo frames.
2952. inch ’R-3180
mouth … glue. [6]
2953. feet cR-3181
mouth … shaku. [6]
WESTERN MEASUREMENTS 161
CHAPTER 5
Phonetic Characters
While the kana syllabaries have taken over most of the choresof incorporating loan words in their original sounds, a fewexceptions have survived. The following group of characters areused mainly today for their sound value, rather than for theirmeaning. In each case, the sound is provided by a signal primi-tive, as will be indicated in Part Two of this volume. For now,the signal primitive (or its composite elements) have beenunderlined.
2954. brahman ¤R-2544
This is the sound character for the Sanskrit word brahman, and isalso used to indicate the Sanskrit language as such. Its elements aregrove … mediocre. [11]
2955. Shakyamuni Buddha ¼R-2593
pinnacle … house … spoon. [7]
This character, originally meaning “precipitous” (roughly the sameas the character of that keyword already learned Þ (I.1672), is nowused chieµy for its sound.
2956. bodhisattva OR-2976
µowers … pinnacle … products. [16]
Although this character can be used as an abbreviation of bodhi-sattva, the full writing combines it with that in the followingframe. Both of them are transliterations of Sanskrit terms.
2957. bo tree ¬R-2896
µowers … vase … mouth. [11]
2958. babble #R-2415
mouth … Asia. [10]
The sense of the keyword is that of a baby oooing and aaaing.
2959. Sanskrit ka ZR-2688
add … road. [8]
This kanji is used to represent the sound “ka” when transcribingwords from Sanskrit.
2960. interrogative ºR-2997
sword … two … city walls. [7]
Used classically to indicate an interrogative part of speech, thischaracter is used chieµy now for its sound.
2961. moo ]R-2889
elbow … cow. [6]
This is the character classically used for the sound that a cow makes.
These ³nal two characters, taken together, are the Chinesephonetic transliterations of the English word coffee, which isthe principal form in which you are likely to meet them today.The keywords, however, are drawn from their classical mean-ings.
PHONETIC CHARACTERS 163
2962. jeweled hairpin ÚR-2689
jewel … add. [9]
2963. beaded hairpin çR-2720
jewel … un-. [12]
164 PHONETIC CHARACTERS
CHAPTER 6
Old & Alternate Forms
Earlier on, in FRAME 2352 of chapter 2, we introduced an oldform of the character for technique (© � å). In this chapterwe pick up 37 more old and alternate forms. In some cases, theolder form has never been “updated.” In others, both formsare still in use. Examples of other cases where older forms andnewer abbreviations occur are given in their respective frames.
2964. Japanese cypress [old] …R-3190
tree … umbrella … one … pent-in … small … sun. [11]
The right side of this character looks rather more formidable thanit is. The tricky part lies in the elements that have been described as“pent-in … small.” (The latter element you will remember fromthe element for outhouse š or candle Ü.) The combination, when itappears in other characters, is generally abbreviated to the shape ofthe element for sun. In any case, drawing the shape will show it tobe quite natural. Here are some examples of the old form and theirstandard, simpler forms:
OLD FORM MODERN ABBREVIATION
y l (I.752)
U … (I.1346)
2965. bridle’s bit fR-3112
thread … cart … thread … mouth. [22]
The primitive at the top of this character is abbreviated in morecommon words as 8, a primitive element that was learned in vol. I(page 382). Note the following examples:
OLD FORM MODERN ABBREVIATION
ï ˆ (I.1745)
N › (I.1748)
e Ø (I.1749)
2966. abyss [old] WR-3199
On the left is the water and on the right a combination of the char-acter for one-sided and its mirror image joined by a single stroke.Think of it as a hanging rope-bridge strung perilously across theabyss. [12]
The newer form for this character is Å, which was learned abovein FRAME 2325.
2967. V 4R-3195
person … ³ve. [6]
This character, which originally indicates a group of 5 persons, isnow used as an alternate form of the character 2, mainly in of³cialdocuments.
2968. X VR-3194
person … ten. [4]
As in the previous frame, this character is an alternative form for Y.
2969. ten thousand [old] ©R-2725
µower … Talking Cricket. [18]
This is also used in documents, but is rather more common as acharacter in its own right. When it appears as a primitive forming apart of other characters, it is normally abbreciated to the form �.In addition to the new character in the following frame, note thefollowing examples:
166 OLD & ALTERNATE FORMS
OLD FORM MODERN ABBREVIATION
* ¦ (II.2967)
$ „ (I.866)
2970. pass through LR-2726
ten thousand … road. [16]
The “old” element in this character is that for road, which has anextra initial stroke. See also the following frame.
2971. tough 1R-2341
display … road. [11]
Note that, as in the previous frame, the element for road has anextra stroke generally omitted in more common characters. Whenwriting this character, it is not incorrect to use the standard form ofthe primitive element.
2972. lamp [old] bR-3191
³re … ascend. [16]
The primitive at the right of this character is generally, though notalways, abbreviated today as a (I.165). The older form of theprimitive to the right is still standard in other characters, such as ˜.(I.1704).
2973. back [old] ;R-2602
cloak … computer. [12]
The transposition of the standard form : (I.399) involves movingthe computer from the middle of the element for cloak to the right.
OLD & ALTERNATE FORMS 167
2974. park [alternate] åR-3188
µowers … park. [16]
This character is used principally in proper names. The only changefrom the standard form Ó (I.585) is the addition of the element forµowers.
2975. shop [alternate] šR-2683
metal … dogtag. [15]
The only difference from the more common form ™ (I.1839) isthat the left side here uses the element for metal. There is also athird alternative which is sometimes seen, but has been omittedhere: 2.
2976. island [alternate] TR-3187
mountain … bird. [14]
The alternate form is used mainly in names. It differs from thestandard form S only in the positioning of the mountain.
2977. summit [alternate] ¸R-3196
mountain … walking legs … bushes. [10]
The alternate form is used mainly in names. As in the character inprevious frame, the only difference from the standard form ·
(I.1562) is in the positioning of the mountain.
2978. boulder [old] NR-3193
mountain … stern. [20]
The simpli³ed character was learned as R (I.770).
168 OLD & ALTERNATE FORMS
2979. plains [old] ïR-3200
grove … soil. [11]
The standard form Ÿ (I.1596) differs rather radically from thisolder form, which appears now in old texts and occasionallyin proper names.
2980. Bldg. [old] JR-3197
umbrella … tongue … bureaucrat. [16]
The standard form of this character I (I.1478) uses the elementfor food on the left. Because the older form is somewhat simpler towrite, it remains in use today.
2981. dragon [old] PR-3189
vase … meat … slingshot (doubled up with a) snake … three …clothes. [16]
The older form of P (I.536) was actually learned in vol. I in con-nection with the character for attack M (I.2025), and will appear inthe following frame as well. This older form is still used widelytoday. In addition to the new characters in the following twoframes, note the following example also already learned:
OLD FORM MODERN ABBREVIATION
Þ Ý (I.537)
2982. patronage wR-2922
house … dragon [old]. [19]
OLD & ALTERNATE FORMS 169
2983. deafness ¿R-2869
dragon [old] … ear. [22]
2984. longing [old] ðR-3198
longing … heart. [15]
The only difference from the standard form of this character ò
(I.92) is that the element for heart is included at the bottom.
2985. span [old] ÑR-3201
tile … µoor. [6]
The standard form of this character Ò (I.32) is also standard whenit is used as a primitive in other characters. Note the followingexample in a character already learned:
OLD FORM MODERN ABBREVIATION
À f (I.620)
2986. body [old] OR-2712
somebody … ward. [11]
The standard form X (I.1248) has by and large replaced this oldercharacter today.
2987. Point [old] 6R-3192
mountain … prison. [17]
Note that the abbreviated form of this character À (I.1330) movesthe mountain to the bottom, a rather odd transformation as thekanji go.
170 OLD & ALTERNATE FORMS
2988. country [old] çR-3186
pent-up … a. [11]
The element that replaces jewel in the standard for of this character³ (I.581) is among the new kanji learned in this book (see FRAME
2091 above).
We end this chapter with those characters in fairly common usewhose elements have not been assigned newer abbreviations.
2989. shin ÓR-2525
µesh … ceiling … µood … craft. [11]
The element on the right, which will appear once more later in thecharacter for formidable (FRAME 2990), is actually the old form forthe element now written n. Aside from the character introduced inthe next frame, note the following examples of old and newerforms:
OLD FORM MODERN ABBREVIATION
Þ ¦ (I.717)
÷ ™ (I.1360)
2990. formidable ÷R-2524
ceiling … µood … craft … muscle. [9]
2991. stationary ”R-2659
bamboo … µoat. [12]
The standard abbreviation one would have expected here—andwhich is likely to appear in of³cial lists in the years ahead—appears
OLD & ALTERNATE FORMS 171
in the following examples of common newer forms you alreadyknow:
OLD FORM MODERN ABBREVIATION
ª ) (I.1286)
· ` (I.367)
¦ , (I.368)
t ( (II.2735)
2992. enshrine úR-3031
altar … snake. [8]
The standard abbreviation for altar has generally taken over, butthe character in this and the following frame are exceptions.
2993. exorcism $R-3032
altar … chihuahua with an extra leg. [10]
Think of the “³ve-legged” dog here as some kind of an evil spiritthat has to be driven out, and the odd shape should be easy toremember.
2994. dither ÃR-2737
wooden leg … renowned. [19]
The old form here is the element puppet which forms part of theprimitive for renowned here. The difference is the addition of a ³naldrop. This has generally disappeared, as in the examples:
OLD FORM MODERN ABBREVIATION
Ñ 2 (I.2192)
Ó ’ (I.1263)
Õ ‘ (II.2448)
Ô c (II.2640)
172 OLD & ALTERNATE FORMS
2995. longevity [old] VR-3185
lidded crock … broken crown … craft … µoor … mouth … glue. [14]
The newer form 3 (I.1565) tends to dominate today when it isused as a primitive. Note the following example:
OLD FORM MODERN ABBREVIATION
Ð k (I.717)
2996. hesitate ÇR-3053
wooden leg … longevity. [14]
2997. glossary ˆR-3084
The primitive of this character is actually an old form of broom `.The remaining elements are: crown … fruit. [13]
2998. bean jam ¸R-2345
food … mandala. [20]
It is only a matter of time before this character takes the standardabbreviation for food on the left. Meantime, it will alert you to theolder style of writing, which still shows up in rather complicatedcharacters that use the food primitive.
2999. retch ¹R-3184
mouth … ward. [14]
The standard abbreviation of the element to the right can be seenfrom the following examples:
OLD & ALTERNATE FORMS 173
OLD FORM MODERN ABBREVIATION
7 J (I.1696)
[ õ (I.1698)
u ö (I.1699)
3000. snapping turtle ×R-3088
shredder … eels [old form]. [25]
The change in the ³rst three strokes of the element for shredder is afamiliar one found often in older forms. I leave it to you to com-bine the pieces for the old form of eels. Learning stroke order willhelp considerably:
‘ ’ “ ” • –
— ˜ ™ š › œ
The older form of the primitive we learned as eels is rather moredif³cult. You will ³nd it in older forms of several familiar character,just as the following:
OLD FORM MODERN ABBREVIATION
V Å (I.1377)
V H (II.2685)
174 OLD & ALTERNATE FORMS
CHAPTER 7
Old Pure Groups
The ³rst group of readings center on what were called inRemembering the Kanji II “Pure Groups.” Each character thatbelongs to a pure group contains a signal primitive which pre-scribes a given on-yomi for that character and all others in thegroup with it.
The number to the far right of the top line set in bold typeindicates the frame number in which the writing of the kanjiwas introduced. In almost all cases this refers to a frame in PartOne of the present volume.
The number under the character in each frame is precededby an “R-” to indicate that it refers to a reading frame. Thesenumbers begin where volume II left off.
Unlike volume II, the frames also include not only on-yomibut kun-yomi as well. In some cases, the “assigned” readingsare almost never used, or used only for names. Because thenumber of special readings for names is virtually limitless, onlythe 274 characters approved by the Ministry of Education aresupplied with on-yomi for use in names.
For further information about the layout of the frames, seepage 491.
We begin with groups whose signal primitives were alreadyintroduced in volume II The signal primitive, its pronunciation,and characters belonging to the same appear in a separateframe at the head of each section.
The number under the characters in the group framesrefers to the frame in volume II. which introduced the reading(hence the “R-” preceding it.) Where a number is missing, thesingle primitive in question was learned only as a primitive ele-ment, not as a kanji.
R ××·· Q W O U LR-89 R-90 R-91 R-92 R-93 R-94
À ×· 2343
R-2244 À Y‰ lion-dog
S ×· 2634
R-2245 �S ´ûÙ· gold leaf
T ×· 2648
qT ū׷ lees; dregs
R-2246 T Q` lees
Á Ãé© · ² ¬  ¾ ùR-78 R-79 R-80 R-81 R-82 R-83 R-84
© é 2621
©³ é»· a country ruled in peace
© u} used in names© “` used in names
R-2247 © “`^ used in names
T é 2771
èT ä«Ã© protection against rust
R-2248 T [z rust
178 OLD PURE GROUPS
± ãã«« Ã Á » Å ÏR-95 R-96 R-97 R-98 R-99 R-100
º ã« 2234
R-2249 ºs ã«Éï« kitchen knife
= ²² 7 S H IR-105 R-106 R-107 R-108 R-109
Q ² 2373
Qµ ²»· harshness; severity
QŒš J_Œš to bully
R-2250 Qk J˜gk be irritated
Ý ¹¹ûû ¿ à Þ Î ÄR-131 R-132 R-133 R-134 R-135
á ¹û 2867
R-2251 Íá Ã˹û soap
= Îδ́ ï ë ] é ìR-157 R-158 R-159 R-160 R-161
ð δ 2758
kð é©Î´ whistle of an arrow
R-2252 ð Q}˜ arrowhead
OLD PURE GROUPS 179
¬ ÅÅ L H I J OR-661 R-148 R-149 R-150 R-151 R-152
� Å 2344
�°o ź´à© sniper; marksman
R-2253 �L t˜L take aim
s ¿¿ Ÿ ¨ p uR-122 R-123 R-124 R-125 R-126
k ¿ %Á 2635
k� ¿´û gold put in box
R-2254 3k ÇûÁ cabinet
$ ÝÝ , 6 A 7R-69 R-70 R-71 R-72 R-73
Ü Ý 2456
R-2255 Ür%hš |rPhš to catch on; “click”
ö ²²ûû 5 & IR-127 R-128 R-129 R-130
” ²û 2410
”B ²û¹ Sugawara family
Note how the family is referred to by using the on-yomi ofthe ³rst character of their full name. Note also the unusualkun-yomi in the name Sugawara. The standard reading is:
R-2256 ” `X sedge
180 OLD PURE GROUPS
– µµ ™ ˆ “R-74 R-75 R-76 R-77
— µ 2686
—i µ½û formic acid
R-2257 — H™ ant
+ ÀÀïï«« ÷ & ö (R-101 R-102 R-103 R-104
$ Àï«%Óï« 2609
$ñ À﫽© bumper crop
$š Šuš bear fruit; fructify$Q •fQ fruitful$ P[‹ used in names
R-2258 $ Šuš used in names
} ××ûû | ‘ {R-166 R-167 R-168 R-169
î ×û%Øû 2658
«î ´ë×û leggings; gaitersîSŠ ØûÅ«»« adhesive plaster (for wounds)
î Saq bands; ties; shackles
R-2259 îV kqV be attached
OLD PURE GROUPS 181
182 OLD PURE GROUPS
g ÅÅ«« j } kR-174 R-175 R-176 R-177
q Å« 2649
R-2260 qT ū׷ dregs
Ö îî ´ − ³ ²R-178 R-179 R-180 R-181
° î 2433
°/ îî more and more severe
R-2261 ° J—J— increasingly
Ð òòïï«« W Z `R-239 R-240 R-241
a òï« 2582
ga é©òï« clear; patent
a˜Q HS˜Q evident; obviousa HS used in names
R-2262 a HS˜ used in names
f òï« 2419
fæ òï«−û distant; remote
R-2263 fQ všQ far off in the distance
’ òï« 2535
’ãuJ ò﫺ûuy wild³re; prairie ³re
’ QQ™z watchfire
R-2264 ’U “U to burn
¿ ´́ïï«« ç ò íR-290 R-291 R-292
Û ´ï« 2107
R-2265 –Û µ´ï« chivalry
ê ´ï« 2792
êâ ´ï«ÄÌ eloquence
R-2266 ê †P cheek
Ä ¿¿ïï«« − ÆR-580 R-308 R-309
Ý ¿ï« 2366
ÝÞ ¿ï«Þ iris
R-2267 Ý H“Œ used in names
³ ¿ï« 2198
R-2268 ³( ¿ï«Ý harlot
OLD PURE GROUPS 183
ó ààûû ‹ ‡ ’R-203 R-204 R-205
Ô àû 2806
Ô’ àûµ deception
Ôš Qfš swindle; cheat; misrepresent
R-2269 Ô` g‰` to deceive; trick
Š àû 2645
R-2270 2Š Äûâû Part One
´ ´́íí«« µ ÄR-185 R-186 R-187
½ ´í« 2322
½v ´í«Á© drawing water
R-2271 ½‹ U‹ draw water
à ´í« 2644
R-2272 Ã PJ creel
: »»«« W ‹ hR-221 R-222 R-223
o »« 2484
o? »«¿í« ancient Chinese capital
R-2273 o UJ picket
184 OLD PURE GROUPS
ç ÚÚïï«« å ãR-206 R-207 R-208
æ Úï« 2911
æ3 Úï«Çû bottle gourdæ y[Z gourd; calabash
R-2274 æ |U„ gourd; calabash
ï ÛÛïï«« ì äR-278 R-279 R-280
ð Ûï«%ã« 2765
ðà Û﫽 chain cable; hawser
R-2275 ð JQ™ anchor; killick
Ó ÎΩ© ß ÒR-212 R-213 R-214
× Î©%Éï« 2267
×XÓ Î©¿ûÇ© volunteer corps
R-2276 ×U sU pull out
¿ ãã«« ¹R-354 R-355
Ñ ã« 2829
Ñ PPo™ phoenix; large mythical birdÑ o‘ used in names
R-2277 Ñ •S used in names
OLD PURE GROUPS 185
Ö ÇÇ©© Ð ÏR-269 R-270 R-271
Ô Ç© 2864
ÔÁ ǩé blackish blue
R-2278 Ô ‰•aŠ used in names
= ææÌÌ ? ;R-284 R-285 R-286
^ æÌ % æ 2348
R-2279 ^|P æÌò² jasmine
2 òò 6 9R-236 R-237 R-238
| ò 2349
R-2280 ^|P æÌò² jasmine
a ··ÌÌ bR-302 R-303
c ·Ì 2615
R-2281 Rc ³û·Ì cave; rocky cavern
186 OLD PURE GROUPS
ãã«« Ä ·R-352 R-353
+ ã« 2417
+^ ã«Éë· face; encounter
+Nš ‹QNš go to meet
R-2282 +L HL to encounter
È ã« 2375
Èü ã«ñ© legendary Chinese Isle ofEternal Youth
R-2283 È —‘T mugwort
É ã« 2687
ÉÛ ã«ä« honeycomb; beehive
R-2284 É vh bee
Î ã« 2768
R-2285 ÇÎ õûå« line of argument
a ³³ iR-338 R-339
_ ³ 2110
_5 ³Äû suddenly; abruptly
R-2286 _Q r¡Q sudden
` ³ 2226
R-2287 Ø` ½³ town near Kyoto
OLD PURE GROUPS 187
f ³ 2694
R-2288 f ³ moth
H §§ûû LR-314 R-315
J §û 2259
R-2289 J# §ûæ massage; masseur
N §û 2782
N+ §ûØ pommel; sidehorse
R-2290 N U˜ saddle
/ §û 2442
/Ø §ûÀï at ease; comfort
/J PdJ tardy; lslow/˜Q “`˜Q at ease/ [g used in names/ vš used in names
R-2291 / “` used in names
é ººûû æR-528 R-529
ë ºû 2669
5ëÁ: ²ûºû³·Èû orchestra
ë Jo string (on a violin, etc.)
R-2292 ë kš used in names
188 OLD PURE GROUPS
ì ºû 2675
R-2293 ìp ºûÅ« porthole
± ºû 2581
±Î ºû÷· bewilderment
±ŒU UšŒU feel dizzy
R-2294 ±^J ‰}^J dizzy; dazzled
V ÅÅ«« SR-472 R-473
i Å« 2516
in Å«ÀíÌ spearsmanship
R-2295 i “™ spear; lance
x Å« 2399
xR ū׷ pale; ashen
xJ HPJ pale blue
R-2296 x ^Xš used in names
− õõ °R-448 R-449
5 õ 2833
5– õ« heron wings
R-2297 5 [T heron
OLD PURE GROUPS 189
M õ 2370
R-2298 M |S bog rhubarb; coltsfoot
Ù ðð«« âR-478 R-479
ã ð« 2547
ãÙ ð«ÃÌ welding
ãQ` oQ` melt (metals)
R-2299 ãWš oWš be melted (metals)
é ð«%±« 2362
9é Ýð« lotus; cotton rose
R-2300 é v` lotus
â ³³ûû VR-298 R-299
O ³û 2567
OS ³û¸ toys
R-2301 O} ‘mHd} toy with
S ³û 2899
SI ³ûç savor; appreciate
R-2302 S} ‘mHd} toy with
190 OLD PURE GROUPS
e ´́ nR-300 R-301
r ´ 2594
R-2303 r Jd rocky beach
s ´ 2887
R-2304 Cs ´û´ region around Kyoto–Osaka
7 ÀÀíí 0R-366 R-367
Á Àí 2203
R-2305 Á k‰ wife
ß Àí 2329
ß/ _”^” dead drunk
R-2306 ß›š s›š become wet; be impassioned
E ¿¿íí«« AR-482 R-483
n ¿í« 2762
R-2307 n U¡ hoe
K ¿í« 2351
R-2308 K vT Japanese bush clover
OLD PURE GROUPS 191
Ð ¿¿ïï«« ÕR-512 R-513
Ê ¿ï« 2478
Ê& ¿ï«Ý woodcutter; lumberjack
Ê SY™ woodcutter
R-2309 Êš Yš cut wood
ß ¿ï« 2367
R-2310 *ß Ø¿ï« Bashõ (haiku poet)
Ð ÎΩ© ÞR-462 R-463
á Ω%Ç© 2716
á? Ω²û clear visionvá ¿Ç© 4 Noble Truths of Buddhism
R-2311 ጚ HS˜Œš give up; abandon
â Ω 2741
↠Ω¹© U-shaped
R-2312 â yaŒ hoof
Ù ´́ûû 0 BR-412 413
/ ´û 2116
/¸ ´û¿ï« few; little; meagre
R-2313 /Qr ¡aQr a few
192 OLD PURE GROUPS
„ ´û%»û 2099
„û ´û½© Dutch trefoil; wild celery
R-2314 „ `Š› violet
ù ðð«« ë ÜR-474 R-475
í ð« 2418
í0 ð«×© worship from a distance
R-2315 íQr všQr far off; in the distance
ó ð« 2553
óW ð«³û beautiful face
R-2316 ó f‰ beautiful stone
‡ ÑÑ««R-1571
ƒ Ñ« % ¿ï« 2280
ƒ1 Ñ«¹© yearning; hankering
R-2317 ƒ›š HYR›š aspire for; be drawn to
„ Ñ« % Ы%¿í 2245
„À Ñ«´í« billiards
„… ¿íê· log used to strike a bell
R-2318 „U kU strike against
OLD PURE GROUPS 193
¼ ´́íí«« º ÀR-230 R-231 R-232
y ´í« 2533
y{ ´í«¿ ball; type of chrysanthemum
R-2319 y ‰™ ball
¹¹©© q sR-344 R-345
v à© 2358
ìv ¿ëà© cover; shelter
vL PPL to cover; to conceal
R-2320 vJ U˜J dark; hidden
„ áÌ 2927
R-2321 „Ø á˹û glance; a peek at
? ¿¿íí«« SR-257 R-259
C ¿í« 2289
2ØC ¼È©¿í« the 5 continents
C ` sandbar; sandbankC ^‰ island
R-2322 C Ur used in names
194 OLD PURE GROUPS
5 ÕÕûû êR-440 R-441
é Õû 2266
é– Õû¿ silk throwing
éš ytš twist; tweak
R-2323 é —™ a twist; ply
µ ¿¿ïï«« ±R-514 R-515
è ¿ï« 2746
R-2324 è± ¿ï«î soy sauce
Ì ÎΩ© ÊR-312 R-313
Ü Î© 2603
ÜÖ Î©¿ï« propitious
Ü^J fg^J uprightÜJ [J¡J happyÜ fg used in namesÜ [h used in namesÜ kV used in names
R-2325 Ü —^ used for names
OLD PURE GROUPS 195
1 ÀÀíí 4R-364 R-365
6 Àí 2672
|6 ©ûÀí ribbon (of an of³cial seal)
6 y‘ cord
R-2326 6 UŠy‘ braided cord
É ¹¹ûû ÁR-406 R-407
Ý ¹û 2761
Ý¡ ¹ûØû keyboard; clavier
R-2327 Ý QT key
J »»«« KR-416 R-417
V »« 2164
VwÝ »«Ð«−û laryngitis
R-2328 V up throat
q ØØÌÌ uR-316 R-317
t ØÌ 2629
R-2329 t JQg raft
196 OLD PURE GROUPS
˜ ÅÅ·· ŒR-336 R-337
• Å· 2260
¢• ãÅ· capture; apprehension
R-2330 •Nš o˜Nš catch; grab hold of
÷ ÖÖ«« òR-444 R-445
ö Ö« 2455
5ö ²Ö« pyosis; turning to pus
R-2331 ö‹ L‹ to fester
ø ´́ïï«« úR-430 R-431
û ´ï« 2799
R-2332 ûÖ ´ï«−û banquet
l ²²©© …R-382 R-383
Û ²© 2495
R-2333 Û yuS Japanese cypress
OLD PURE GROUPS 197
k ²²©© ƒR-380 R-381
† ²© % ¹ 2376
a† Àû²© rubbish†{M ¹¿k} poppy seed
†{ Q˜^ mustard
R-2334 † HUf dirt; trash
3 ÄÄûû 8R-486 R-487
9 Äû 2468
R-2335 9 Äû small dining table on tray
ñ ÃÃûû ûR-502 R-503
! Ãû 2466
R-2336 2C! ÄûòÌÃû prostate
á ÇÇ·· èR-458 R-459
â Ç· 2264
R-2337 âl Ç·×Ì religious mendicancy
198 OLD PURE GROUPS
Ü ØØ·· ZR-318 R-319
X Ø· 2447
R-2338 X° Ø·õ exposure
p ÅÅ«« rR-306 R-307
t Å« 2677
tg Å«é© wisdom; sagacity
t HS used in namest HS˜ used in namest [o used in namest [o^ used in namest o^ used in names
R-2339 t oS used in names
õõ·· Æ kR-296 R-297
Ä õ· 2602
°Ä ã«õ· stipend; salary
Ä h used in namesÄ o^ used in namesÄ oŠ used in names
R-2340 Ä —^ used in names
OLD PURE GROUPS 199
Í ÎΩ© ÝR-460 R-461
1 Ω 2971
#1 ÝΩ insubordination
R-2341 1^J fU‰^J stalwart
òòíí«« H L496 497
J òí« 2557
R-2342 JÀ òí«´í« the Loochoo islands
O ççÌÌ PR-534 R-535
! çÌ 2532
R-2343 ! ^SŠ Japanese star anise
^ »»«« O k s } Ÿ ” _R-114 R-115 R-116 R-117 R-118 R-119 R-120 R-121
à »« 2459
Ö »«êû anus
NB: When this group was introduced in volume II, it wasnoted that the primitive element must occupy a promi-nent place in order to serve as a signal primitive.
R-2344
200 OLD PURE GROUPS
We conclude this chapter with three pure groups that use kanjiwhich appeared in volume II only as primitives. This is indicat-ed by an arrow pointing downards (➔) where the number forvolume II would otherwise be.
R ææûû E G➔ R-434 R-435
¸ æû 2998
R-2345 ¸w æûÀí« steamed bun (Chinese)
§ æû 2811
R-2346 § LqT eel
R æû 2100
R-2347 R¼ø æûÈñ mandala
H æû 2359
H× æû−û spreading; diffusion
R-2348 H kš vine; tendril
å ´́ïï«« ï ó Ÿ➔ R-293 R-294 R-295
Ü ´ï« 2120
R-2349 TÜ ²´ï« overseas Chinese
OLD PURE GROUPS 201
å ´ï« 2104
å… ´ï«ä· tall tree
åJ fQJ tallå fQ used in names
R-2350 å fQ^ used in names
÷ ´ï« 2369
R-2351 ÷_ dw buckwheat noodles
202 OLD PURE GROUPS
CHAPTER 8
New Pure Groups
This chapter introduces new primitive groups, based on signalprimitives that were not introduced as such in volume II. Asbefore, a small frame will be set at the head of each group toindicate the signal primitive, reading, and kanji from volume II
that belong to this group.In most cases, the reading of the kanji that will serve here as
a signal primitive has already learned, and in that case the refer-ence to the frame in volume II where the reading was intro-duced will appear under the signal primitive.
As in the previous chapter, an arrow (➔) below a signalprimitive will indicate that it is in fact a kanji introduced in thisvolume. Where there is no arrow or frame number, the signalprimitive has not been learned as a kanji.
For further information on the layout of the frames, seepage 491.
We may begin with groups based on kanji whose principal on-yomi has already been learned. Since the majority of the signalprimitives have already been included in volume II, most ofthese groups will be small, often with only one new reading tolearn.
òòïï«« hR-1946
b òï«%õ« 2610
[b ½ûòï« mountain ridge
b Qp cornerb Ja used in names
R-2352 b fQ used in names
Y òï« 2136Yj ò﫳 excel; surpass
R-2353 YV ^uV endure; bear
! òï« 2225
R-2354 !] òï«Å« high and overtowering
C òï«%òû 2668
Clj òï«ÒûÉï« city in Kagawa Prefecture
R-2355 C H“ used in names
â ¾¾ ã➔ R-574
â ¾ 2844
â7 ¾Äû Zen meditation
R-2356 âš `¡š sit
204 NEW PURE GROUPS
ä ¾ 2845
R-2357 èä Õû¾ sprain
ö ÃÃûû *➔ R-1052
î Ãû 2253
îT Ãû¿í« anthology
R-2358 î} N˜} pick out; select
ö Åû 2861
öR Åû© southeast direction
ö fkŠ southeast (dragon-snake)ö •U used in names
R-2359 ö —^ used in names
´́·· ›R-555
œ ´· 2787
œ“ ´·êû interrogation of a criminal
œ ‰™ ball; used in namesœV kV to follow; used in names
R-2360 œ Šk used in names
− ´· 2753
−Ñ ´·¿Ì shed for storing rice malt
R-2361 − YL_ malted rice
NEW PURE GROUPS 205
= ¿¿íí««R-1689
O ¿í« 2742
OÀ ¿í«´í« football
R-2362 Oš Wš to kick
Ð ¿í« 2834
R-2363 Ð ¡^ eagle
Ú ½½R-1815
Ø ½ 2230
R-2364 Ø` ½³ town near Kyoto
Ý ½ 2559
Ý/ ½½ shining white (of stones)
R-2365 ÝU ŠRU to polish (stones)
½½ *R-1977
+ »%² 2744
+ûï »Ãû´ï« overpass
R-2366 +V ‰fV straddle
206 NEW PURE GROUPS
$ » 2626
R-2367 $ vQ‰ hakama skirt
ôô©© „R-2067
¦ ô© 2697
R-2368 ¦ QS oyster
C ô© 2595
C o grindstoneCU ŠRU to polish
R-2369 CV oV whet; sharpen
Ä õõ··R-2229
º õ· 2304
º, õ·¿í ³ltering saké
º Y^ a ³lterº` Y` to strain; ³lter
R-2370 ºU `U make paper
à õ· 2839
[Ã ½ûõ· foot of a mountain
R-2371 Ã |‘o foothills
NEW PURE GROUPS 207
T ²²R-1151
Ù ² 2515
Ù2 ²¿ï· birchbark type torch
R-2372 Ù Q (¥)w birch
X ² 2160
R-2373 ÅX ¹û² quarrel
E ²²R-1817
V ² 2689
R-2374 V Nz shrimp
] ² 2779
ß] −û² smoke and mist; scenic views
]‹ Q`‹ be hazy; grow dim
R-2375 ] Q`Š haze; mist
y ´́R-826
› ´ 2613
›F ´É perceive; grasp
›L LQRL peep; spy on
R-2376 › LQRJ a guess; an inquiry
208 NEW PURE GROUPS
´ ´ 2527
´ W“S Zelkova tree
R-2377 ´ kS Zelkova tree
« ¼¼««R-1883
ª ¼« 2306
ª? ¼«¿í« Australia
R-2378 ª †™ moat
¨ ¼« 2186
èW¨ ä«·«¼« air-raid shelter
R-2379 ¨ †™ ditch; trench
ÅÅ«« „R-1993
d Å« 2252
d_ Å«ð« itching
R-2380 dU QU to scratch
ù Å« 2681
ù| Å«´ rise early
R-2381 ù uŠ µea
NEW PURE GROUPS 209
ÅÅ«« aR-1670
n Å« 2577
nX Å«¿û slender body; thin build
nWš YWš be sunken; be hollow
R-2382 nbš “bš lose weight
9 Å« 2068
s9 ©ËÅ« one ship
R-2383 9 |t ship
± ´́íí««R-1638
L ´í« 2565
L f‰ jewel; used in names
R-2384 L y[ used in names
¿ ´í« 2538
R-2385 ¿ ´í« moxa cautery
« ÌÌ©©R-1642
ª Ì© 2477
÷ª ÎËÌ© iron hammer
R-2386 ª kh hammer
210 NEW PURE GROUPS
¬ Ì© 2769
R-2387 ÷¬ ÎËÌ© iron hammer
Ê ´́ïïR-1220
Ó ´ï 2759
Ó©! ´ï¿Àï« indentation; saw-toothed
R-2388 Ó uYT™ a saw
— ´ï 2624
R-2389 — `d hem
ë Ãé©R-1903
¢ é 2133
¢ã é−û weirdly beautiful
R-2390 ¢J `ZJ tremendous; awesome
− é 2496
|− ѫé co-habitation
R-2391 −‹ `‹ live; dwell
NEW PURE GROUPS 211
y êê«« {➔ R-1730
y ê« 2872
y{ ê«¿ Mencius
y fW^ used in names
R-2392 y v_Œ used in names
6 «« ”R-30
— « 2415
R-2393 —n «²© detour
ÀÀïï«« %R-1964
ð À
ðo Àï«¿ï« Chancellor
ð‹ ``‹ go forwards; advanceð `W used in names
R-2394 ð f`U used in names
s ééûûR-1098
t éû 2752
R-2395 t{ éûó© noodles
212 NEW PURE GROUPS
I ééûû qR-1871
p éû 2512
pP éû² raw cotton
R-2396 p ¡f cotton
××ûû ŒR-1750
† ×û 2556
ƒò† ê«»×û infant’s “Mongolian spot”
R-2397 † ‰g˜ spots; patches; streaks
õ ²²ûûR-989
= ²û 2408
=¹ ²ûÀ with a smile
R-2398 = JV[ kind of rush; used in names
§ ÅÅûûR-874 2.2.
« Åû 2422
Ù« ¹ûÅû humility
R-2399 «š ƒ™Ugš to be humble
NEW PURE GROUPS 213
ññûû +R-1935
0 ñû 2363
0¿ ñû³· studying Western science in
R-2400 the Dutch language
: µµïïR-1950
Õ µï 2597
èÕ ä«µï defense
R-2401 ÕV |bV ward off
í ÃÃûûR-1660
÷ Ãû 2540
÷{ ÃûÑ« agitation; demagoguery
÷š HPš fan the µames
R-2402 ÷mš Pgmš incite; instigate
] ´́R-1859
a ´ 2207
a‹ ´µ frolicking
a^J L›^J happya^‹ fu^‹ rejoice; enjoy
R-2403 a —^ used in names
214 NEW PURE GROUPS
‹ ©©ûûR-1931
‰ ©û 2374
k‰ õ·©û shady nook
R-2404 ‰ QX shade; shadow
¹ îî««R-1790
Â î« %ð« 2284
Âm î«¿íÌ gushing out
R-2405 ÂU ¡U gush up
Ú ðð««R-2219
Ö ð« 2128
Öo ð«à© mercenary soldier
R-2406 ÖL “oL to employ
* ÏÏûûR-2046
+ Ïû 2300
+g Ïûßû starch
+ P™ dregs; sediment
R-2407 +‹ —p‹ stagnate
NEW PURE GROUPS 215
ï ÀÀïï««R-961
ü Àï« 2504
ü& À﫾© µogging; caning
R-2408 ü kN cane; walking stick
U »»««R-1857
X »«%· 2187
Xa »«Àû dirt; ³lth[X è· immaculate; unde³led
R-2409 X HQ stain
V ÉÉ·· S➔ R-1617
V É· 2637
V2 É·Äû old name for northwest part
R-2410 of Fukuoka prefecture
k ¾¾ûû l➔ 2010
k ¾û 2092
k/ ¾û¿í decapitation
R-2411 kš Sš cut down; behead
216 NEW PURE GROUPS
¹ ²²·· ©➔ 2215
¹ ²· 2908
R-2412 ¹/ ²Ë²· splendid; distinguished
ï ±±««R-2132
ù ±« 2627
R-2413 ù |`‰ sliding door or screen
f ©©R-1809
i © 2725
iL JL to say
R-2414 i¡› J¡› reason; grounds
! §§R-1818
# § 2958
R-2415 #5 §Äû µabbergasted
NEW PURE GROUPS 217
m ²²©©R-1572
‡ ²© 2682
‡‘ ²©»« walking sideways
R-2416 ‡ Qr crab
· ²²··R-1849
− ²· %»« 2257
R-2417 −( ²·ñû disturbance; turbulence
Š µµR-1828
˜ µ 2719
H˜ »«µ friendship; amity
˜Š —^Š goodwill; friendly relations
R-2418 ˜ —^ used in names
Å »»ûûR-1673
Î »û 2518
α »ûå« packing; crating
R-2419 Î Y™ a bale; package
218 NEW PURE GROUPS
d ½½ûûR-1669
e ½û 2641
R-2420 ‹e àû½û compilation; editing
h ½½ûûR-1740
g ½û 2711
gËH ½ûÛ² hymn; song of praise
R-2421 gNš ffNš give praise to
z ¹¹©©R-1756
à ¹© 2791
à Yœ around; about
R-2422 à Zœ time; about
„ ¿¿R-1568
Ú ¿ 2129
R-2423 Ú} ^u} recall; reminisce
NEW PURE GROUPS 219
‚ ¿¿R-1819
“ ¿ 2345
R-2424 “{ ¿¿ lion
? ÇÇûû ;R-718
A Èû % Çû 2525
AB Èû² parishoner of a temple¸A »·Çû ebony
R-2425 A ‰•Š spindle tree
z ÀÀííûû }➔ 1761
z Àíû % ¿íû 2879
z v“}[ peregrine falcon
R-2426 z v“ used in names
Ø ÀÀïïR-1845
¢ Àï 2434
»¢ î«Àï pardon; forgiveness
¢` •š` sanction; pardon¢ fg^ used in names¢ u™ used in names
220 NEW PURE GROUPS
¢ yœ^ used in names¢ •S used in names
R-2427 ¢ ^u} used in names
š ÀÀïïR-1558
£ Àï 2756
£¢ Àïôû small hand scoop
R-2428 £ `S a plow; spade
Õ ¿¿ÌÌR-1923 2.2.
Ð ¿Ì 2202
Ð4 ¿ËÐ jealousy; envy
Ћ dt‹ be jealous
R-2429 Ћ tf‹ to envy
¿¿ÌÌ ÔR-1907
Ó ¿Ì 2461
Ó4 ¿Ë² at one’s knees or feet
R-2430 Ó y] knee; lap
NEW PURE GROUPS 221
¡ ´́ïï««R-2095
¢ ´ï«%¹© 2925
¢ QP™ a fragrance; used in names¢š QPš smell fragrant¢ Q used in names¢ QPš used in names
R-2431 ¢ S— used in names
−−ûû ÖR-1723
Ô −û 2191
ÔÎ −ûΩ dam; weir
R-2432 Ô bS dam; sluice
° ÇÇ ½R-19 R-1780
± Ç%Ç© 2316
R-2433 [ܱ Þ½Ç neglect to call on or write to
Ä −−©©R-827
À −© 2566
R-2434 À{ −©Y Eiko (woman’s name)
222 NEW PURE GROUPS
ü ÚÚûûR-1944
ù Úû 2305
R-2435 ù‘!Ç Úû¿Àï«Ç© in a state near death
( §§©©R-1096
K §© 2437
R-2436 K* §©æ© vague; ambiguous
d »»««R-1149
| »« 2652
q| Å«»« chaff and bran; poverty
R-2437 | sQ rice bran
ÀÀûû hR-1569
g Àû 2713
g“ Àûêû interrogation
R-2438 gtš fatš to question
NEW PURE GROUPS 223
Y ÅÅ««R-1990
Q Å« 2309
R-2439 Q Šqo harbor
u ¿¿ííûû s➔ R-1585
u ¿íû 2915
u ‹UX rose of Sharon; altheau S— used in namesu yo^ used in namesu Šk used in names
R-2440 u —^ used in names
³³©© —R-1385
” ³© 2227
?” Èû³© precipice
R-2441 ” RW cliff; bluff
In the following groups, note that the signal primitive muststand in a dominant position—alone and to the right.
224 NEW PURE GROUPS
í ää·· ð➔ R-2210
í ä· 2103
í`š ä·`š tell fortunes
R-2442 íL L˜qL to tell one’s fortune
“ ××ûû
ˆ ×û 2301
R-2443 ˆ, ×ûñû inundation; µood
I ··R-1573
K · 2341
úK Îû¸ long-nosed goblin
R-2444 K Js small dog
n òòûûR-1674
o òû 2310
oú! òûÙÃû lymph gland
R-2445 o^J [z^J lonely
q òû 2554
R-2446 q” òû« Taoist temple
NEW PURE GROUPS 225
There are several new groups formed by picking up charactersthat were formerly part of pure or mixed groups. We take upthese next.
n »»«« zR-863 R-864
q »«%´ï« 2498
qê »«Å· stoppage; blockage
R-2447 £q ´´ï« Chinese bellµower
“ ááûûR-865
— áû 2783
î— ´ï«áû teacher’s rod
R-2448 — ‹h whip
à ´́ïï«« ôR-866 R-867
Ý ´ï« 2853
Ý! ´ï«Àï« criminal offence
Ý›š Pd›š to fear
This character was part of a semi-pure group in volumeII; but can best be learned here as a new group.
R-2449
226 NEW PURE GROUPS
_ ÐЫ«R-1373
m Ы 2357
me ЫÀû debauchee; libertine
mWš oœWš be bewitched; be captivated
This character was part of a mixed group in volume II,but can best be learned here as a new group.
R-2450
» ²²··R-1913
« ²· 2235
Ê« · licensed quarters
R-2451 « Uš¡ licensed quarters
Ü ½½➔
Ü ½ 2296
[ܱ Þ½Ç neglect to call or write
R-2452 Ü `q sand
á ½ 2701
R-2453 wá ¹½ monk’s surplice
NEW PURE GROUPS 227
Ï òò ?R-868
8 ò 2048
R-2454 w8 óò lapis lazuli
œ ÉÉíí««R-663
Þ Éí« 2661
ÞÄ Éí«Ç© a band
R-2455 Þ y‘ string
d ´́R-820
v ´%¹ 2611
vV ´×· dilutevÀ ¹« rare; uncommon
R-2456 v ‰› rare
È »»ûûR-916
Ë »û 2451
R-2457 Ëx »ûÁ© coma
228 NEW PURE GROUPS
ÈÈ ·R-898
» È 2531
R-2458 »Ò È−û ellipse
Š ØØ©©%%×ש©R-584 -
¤ Ø©%ש 2178
R-2459 ¤g Ø©½û song praising Buddhist virtues
B Ø© 2340
R-2460 ¼B õ«Ø© panic
a »»««R-1696
L »« 2119
R-2461 LJ [J¡J happy
Á »« 2929
R-2462 ÁK »«³û testicles
NEW PURE GROUPS 229
¦ ôôûûR-1672
¥ ôû 2360
¥Í ôû»û lotus root
¥ vh` lotus
R-2463 ¥ v` lotus
We conclude this chapter with entirely new pure groups—thatis, those for whom neither the signal primitive nor any memberof the group was introduced in volume II. The number of thesegroups is small and should not cause much dif³culty. Naturally,here the signal primitives stand alone in their small frames.
M ÁÁ««➔
M Á« 2084
R-2464 ‚M ×ûÁ« rumination
‹ Á« 2086
‹G§ Á«Éé geotropism
R-2465 ‹U P‘‹U head towards
Œ Á« %Á 2085
R-2466 Œ yq chick
230 NEW PURE GROUPS
œ ìì➔
œ ì 2680
œM ìÅ Jesus (old form)
R-2467 œ Q question mark
› ì 2334
› _J old man
R-2468 › __ old man; grandpa
Ô ì 2524
Ô{ ì¿ palm tree
R-2469 Ô “^ palm tree
d éé©©➔
d é©%çï« 2841
d÷« 驱«Ã© Pluto (the planet)
R-2470 d2 çï«ò providence; divine favor
Å é© 2842
R-2471 Å` é©Å« meditation
C é© 2843
R-2472 Cú é©Îû Hades; underworld
NEW PURE GROUPS 231
¹ ÀÀ%%ÓÓ➔
¹ À%Ó 2074
¹û Àñ© since thenÀ5À¹ ÀÕûã«Ó “let it be” (Buddhist term)
¹ ^Q only; in that manner¹ q¥_ thou
R-2473 ¹ hQ^ used in names
º À 2075
R-2474 ³º »·À State Seal
s ³³··
à ³· 2795
ÿ ³Ë»Ì jawbone
R-2475 Ã HZ jaw; chin
Ó ³· 2824
R-2476 Ó ¡r alligator
m »»««➔
m »« 2446
m HS used in namesm HS˜ used in names
R-2477 m mš used in names
232 NEW PURE GROUPS
ï »« 2287
ï yœ used in namesï yœ^ used in names
Note that the character ù does not have a kun-yomiand has therefore not been included in this group.
R-2478
» −−©©➔
» −© 2848
»M= −©»«Èû tracer bullet
R-2479 »UU yUU to pull
¿ −© %ÃÌ 2849
º¿ õ«−© leak; disclosure
R-2480 ¿› ‘› to leak
@ ÝÝ➔
@ Ý 2928
R-2481 c@Ö µÝ¹û prefecture in central Japan
% Ý 2189
R-2482 %w ÝЫ wharf; pier; quay
NEW PURE GROUPS 233
Q ¿¿ûû➔
Q ¿û 2877
QÖ ¿ûÈ© Ch’in Dynasty (255-206 BCE)
R-2483 Q vf used in family names
J ¿û 2475
J v^wŠ hazel treeJ v™ used in names
R-2484 J vš used in names
W ³³©©
‹ ³© 2077
‹ø ³©Ãû triumphal return
‹ QhpS used in names‹˜V “¡˜V victory cry‹ oS ease; be mitigated
R-2485 ‹ —^ used in names
œ ³© 2076
R-2486 œ —œJ suit of armor
½ »»ÌÌ➔
¾ »Ì 2277
R-2487 Á¾ »«»Ì rapture; ecstasy
234 NEW PURE GROUPS
½ »Ì 2431
½5 »ÌÄû suddenly
R-2488 ½h fh‰h all of a sudden
` ÀÀûûR-2199
j Àû 2786
jÄ ÀûÇ© ligament; fascia
R-2489 j Lk‡ quiver
NEW PURE GROUPS 235
CHAPTER 9
Semi-Pure Groups
The semi-pure groups, it will be recalled from volume II, aregroups of on-yomi based on a common signal primitive—butwith a single exception.
Strictly speaking, the addition of secondary and tertiaryreadings would do away with most semi-pure groups. But theclassification is a useful one, and it is worth the strain to pre-serve it.
We begin here with semi-pure groups already learned, andconclude the chapter with a number of new groupings.
| ôô©© ƒ Œ “ òòïï«« iR-685 R-686 R-687 R-689 R-690
‰ ô© 2382
R-2490 ‰ë‰ ô©ã·Éï« town in Kumamoto Prefecture
} ô© 2112
R-2491 }h ô©Àû minstrel; court musician
† ô© 2278
†Ó ô©ò clever†J [oJ wise† [o^ used in names
R-2492 † [o used in names
J ô© 2285
R-2493 J ŠP water canal
‡ ô©%òï« 2568
‡{ ô©Y Reiko (woman’s name)
‡ HS˜ used in names
R-2494 ‡ f‰ used in names
… ô© 2228
[… ½ûô© peak
… Št peak; summit
Note that this character does not—as you would other-wise expect—follow the reading of the lower element,but keeps the reading of the signal primitive.
R-2495
a òòûû tR-1980
p òû 2052
R-2496 pi òû½û phosphoric acid
u òû 2054
uŸ òûÆ· ³sh; ³nned family
u LœY ³sh scales
R-2497 u YW ³sh scales
v òû 2053
R-2498 ¹v ´òû giraffe
SEMI-PURE GROUPS 237
œ ôû 2051
&œ §©ôû pity; compassion
R-2499 œ›‹ H¡›‹ take pity
¢ ¿¿ííûû p ½½ ×R-2074 R-2023
q ¿íû 2061
qÌ ¿íû´ï µat refusal
qš P¡š to be completedqNš PNš to completeq fQ used in names
R-2500 q fQ^ used in names
Ï ¿íû 2059
R-2501 yÏ ²©¿íû repentance
t ¿íû 2062
R-2502 t^ ¿íû»« completion of construction
v ¿íû 2060
v+ ¿íûé µeet steed
v fQ^ used in namesv o^ used in names
R-2503 v v“^ used in names
238 SEMI-PURE GROUPS
H »»«« p P – ƒ ²²·· ºR-671 R-672 R-673 R-674 R-675 R-676
I »« 2109
C±I¨l òË¿ï«»«Ã©²© one of Japan’s
R-2504 “new religions”
Á »« 2337
ÁJ »«É crafty
R-2505 ÁJ ašJ cunning; sly
ÉÉïï«« ’ ðð«« èR-1885 R-1839
v Éï« 2158
v/ Éï«Éï« long-winded
R-2506 vš ^’„š to chatter
ˆ Éï« 2926
R-2507 6ˆ ÝÉï« mark; symbol; code
” Éï« 2726
R-2508 è” ä«Éï« counter-espionage
ö »» ù ² «R-836 R-837 R-838
( » 2383
R-2509 ( Y‘ water oat; matting rush
SEMI-PURE GROUPS 239
! » 2342
!û »ò foxes and badgers
R-2510 ! Skt fox
ó ¿¿ûû ] A F @ ÀÀïï·· 9R-730 R-731 R-732 R-733 R-734 R-735
Ñ ¿û 2739
Ñ“Q rT“Q lively; cheerful; bustling
R-2511 Ñ¡L rT¡L µourish
7 ¿û 2443
7g ¿ûé© morning star
7 H^f tomorrow7 HS used in names
R-2512 7 oS used in names
‹ àà©© n p ÛÛûû !R-929 R-930 R-931
Û à©%Ûï« 2223
Û” à©Å· bate one’s breath
R-2513 ÛK Ûï«Þ Japanese folding screen
Š à© 2802
öŠ Ãûá© rice cracker
R-2514 Š ‘h rice cake
240 SEMI-PURE GROUPS
F ²² W U ññ úR-760 R-761 R-762 R-763
] ² 2943
R-2515 ]^J Pzfg^J abundant
[ ±±·· $ & ©© [➚ R-854 R-855 R-856
( ±· 2460
R-2516 (í ±·Ûï« cowardice; timidity
& ÝÝ 0 ´́ yR-824 R-825 R-826
9 Ý 2361
9é Ýð« cotton rose
R-2517 9 v` lotus
´ ãã«« ° ää«« ßR-797 R-798 R-799
¼ ã« 2265
¼³ ã«À holding up; present
R-2518 ¼Xš [[Xš to offer
SEMI-PURE GROUPS 241
Ÿ ´́ÌÌ ¥ ¹¹ÌÌ ºR-878 R-879 R-880
£ ¹Ì%´Ì 2499
R-2519 £q ´Ë»«%´»« Chinese bellµower
¼ ½½·· 6 : n 9 ½½ ßR-691 R-642 R-693 R-694 R-695
? ½· 2614
ò? ´ï«½· constriction
?‹ `‡‹ constrict
R-2520 ?‹ k‡‹ to close up
Ö òòûû l s õõûû ÇR-899 R-900 R-901
/ òû 2656
/í òûºû Imperial edict (China)
/ Jo satin cloth; used in names
R-2521 / P used in names
¿ »»ÌÌ Ñ ²²ÌÌR-422 R-423
Î ²Ì 2335
ÁÎ »«²Ì cunning
R-2522 ÎJJ ašJJ sly
242 SEMI-PURE GROUPS
Û ¹¹©© ™ ¦ Ÿ ‡ ²²©© sR-720 R-721 R-722 R-723 R-724
§ ¹© 2796
§{T ¹©Ñ«çë· carotid artery
R-2523 § Uz neck
÷ ¹© 2990
÷u ¹©Å« hardy plants÷J k—J sturdy
Note that the primitive to the right is the old form ofÛ. Another example appears in the following frame.
R-2524
Ó ¹© 2989
Ó¿ ¹©»Ì shinbone
Ó `t shinsÓ vT leg
R-2525
The following groups did not exist in volume II, but can nowbe formed as semi-pure groups, using characters already knownas signal primitives.
K ÝÝ««R-1070
J Ý« 2471
J{¡ Ý«¿»« galbanum (bitter gum resin)
R-2526 J QNn maple tree
SEMI-PURE GROUPS 243
š ½Ì 2619
R-2527 šZ ½ËÅ« gallant; dashing
Î òòíí«« K ää«« æR-1691 R-1137
G òí« 2143
GÍ òí«ã« name of an Early Han-
R-2528 Dynatsy emperor
I òí« 2324
%I Àï«òí« distillation
R-2529 IŒš fŒš store up
w òí«%ó 2555
wÀ òí«´í« Loochoo Islands
R-2530 w8 óò lapis lazuli
‰ ¹¹ÌÌ · ²²©© rR-1602 R-1602
¼ ¹Ì 2714
R-2531 ¼ƒ ¹ÌáÌ parting; farewell
f ¹Ì 2274
fm ¹Ë¿íÌ gouging out
R-2532 fš NVš gouge out
244 SEMI-PURE GROUPS
W ©©R-1706
g © 2355
gi ©¿í· withering; atrophy
gNš qNš wither; droopg›š ^P›š droop; be downcast
R-2533 gzš ^qzš droop; wither
È ÷ 2106
È^ ÷Àû name ancient Chinese used to refer to the Japanese
È Qa used in namesÈ ‰` used in namesÈ ^a used in names
R-2534 È “‰o Ancient Japan
n ××ÌÌ ×ש© /R-1543 R-1554
m ×Ì 2307
R-2535 mâ ×ÌñÌ sprightly; lively
Þ ²²ûû ? ð ) ¹¹ûû%%»»ûû ÏR-752 R-753 R-754 R-755*
/ ²û 2314
R-2536 /v ²ûÁ© sprinking; irrigation
SEMI-PURE GROUPS 245
J çç I K ææ©© )R-756 R-757 R-758 R-759
* æ© 2445
R-2537 T* ¸æ© stupidity; ignorance
} ¿¿ y ×ש© 7R-848 R-849 R-850
¥ ¿ 2481
R-2538 ¥ QS persimmon
¨ ÅÅûû ÀÀííûû †R-1720 R-2181
þ Åû 2506
R-2539 þ fš cask; keg
6 Åû 2814
R-2540 6 ‰` trout
` ´́ b „R-218 R-219 R-220
þ ´ 2667
þ’ ´ô© beautiful
R-2541 þ H“ used in names
246 SEMI-PURE GROUPS
_ © 2480
R-2542 _{ ©Á chair
Š ¿¿ … šR-287 R-288 R-289
¤ ¹© 2715
R-2543 ‹¤ Æ«¹© attainments; scholarship
þ ××ûû „R-342 R-343
¤ äû%×û 2954
R-2544 ¤B äû¼ Sanskrit
‰ ×û%äû 2327
‰PÇ ×û¿ûõû pantheism
Note that all the characters allow for both readings. Thedivison indicates only “primary“ reading.
R-2545
X ÝÝÌÌ Z ÚÚ ¾R-2015 R-1643
¾ Ú 2346
R-2546 ¾/ ÚÚ baboon
SEMI-PURE GROUPS 247
% ±±·· §§·· 2R-1820 R-1873
3 §· 2320
3 Hk used in names
R-2547 3 Hk^ used in names
The following group contains a final character that was classi-fied in volume II as having no on-yomi. The secondary readinghas, however, been added here to be complete.
Ò Ãố Î Ð ½½©© å ¿¿ ·R-764 R-764 R-765 R-641 R-767
Õ Ã´ 2743
R-2548 #Õ ¿íô handwriting specimen
ñ ²²û ¹¹ûû ÆR-1791 R-2000
À ¹û 2108
ÀÆ ¹ûÇ© fatigue; weariness
R-2549 À‹ L‹ be untiring
# µµïï«« $ ¿¿ïï«« Ï
248 SEMI-PURE GROUPS
➔ R-2179 R-1681
# 拮 2095
# fQ used in names# fQ^ used in names
R-2550 # •fQ used in names
] ØØ·· Y 1 ææ·· 2 1 ää ¦➔ R-703 R-702 R-701 R-702 R-696
© v ¥ §R-697 R-698 R-699 R-700
] Ø· 2105
]Ø Ø·È© immense; colossal
R-2551 ]› qQ› must not
[ ´́R-1154
Ÿ ´ 2745
Ÿâ ´¾ fall to one’s knees down
R-2552 ŸU y]‰aU kneel down
Å Ä© 2462
R-2553 ŧ ĩé brittleness; frailty
* ÇÇûû 6 ( ÉÉíí«« d
SEMI-PURE GROUPS 249
R-715 R-716 R-717 R-719
& Çû 2188
R-2554 r& à©Çû even; µat
1 ²²ûû ÑR-1909 R-1895
% ²û 2229
�æ% ´ûÆ«³û inlaying with gold
R-2555 %Œš vŒš to inlay; set in; throw into
$ ²û 2482
R-2556 P$ ç²û mandarin orange
The following groups were introduced as pure groups in vol-ume II, but the addition of new characters makes them nowsemi-pure.
¢ »»«« {R-414 R-415
Š »« 2923
R-2557 îSŠ ØûÅ«»« adhesive plaster (for wounds)
250 SEMI-PURE GROUPS
ˆ Á« 2224
ˆ fQ^ used in names
R-2558 ˆ fQ used in names
Y ©© ]R-358 R-359
¦ «Ì 2406
R-2559 ¦5 «ÌÄû growing luxuriantly
ƒ ÀÀííûû xR-374 R-375
z Àíû 2513
R-2560 z fm shield; escutcheon
³ Ðû 2416
R-2561 ³Â ÐûÀ excuse; subterfuge
Ë ´́ïï Ì ÒR-224 R-225 R-226
j ´ï %» 2536
jJ ´ï² signal ³re
R-2562 j u™ used in names
SEMI-PURE GROUPS 251
M · 2585
R-2563 M† ·¹© rectangle
¨ ÎΩ© È Ö Ñ äR-153 R-154 R-155 R-156
B ¿ 2590
R-2564 BÍ oJ^ grindstone; whetstone
ô ½½©© ï û í➔ R-242 R-243 R-244
ô ½© 2090
ô9 ½©×© baton of command
ôš oš take hold ofô H“ used in namesô Lt used in names
R-2565 ô Yo used in names
Ò ¿Ì 2430
R-2566 FÒ É¿Ì have full knowledge of
’ ¿¿ — µµR-914 R-915
• µ 2600
R-2567 •Ó µ±û licenced quarters in Kyoto
252 SEMI-PURE GROUPS
¾ îî«« ¸R-480 R-481
ú Àï« 2268
R-2568 ú( Àï«ñû riot; commotion
M ¿¿ûû P ; RR-144 R-145 R-146 R-147
Æ »û 2184
R-2569 ÆÉ »ûÀ· earth’s axis (ancient China)
² ÚÚ −R-346 R-347
† à© 2633
U† ¿Ëâ© bamboo slat used to alertdrowsy meditators
R-2570 † ƒ˜ spatula
Ð ´́ïï »» ‹R-1941 R-2082
£ ´ï 2167
£í ´ïºû lie; falsehood
R-2571 £ Ld lie; falsehood
SEMI-PURE GROUPS 253
; ½½·· ÅÅ =➔ R-2019
; ½· 2846
;K ½·Ý« north wind
; kJfh ³rst day of the month; v_Œ used in names
R-2572 ; ‘o used in names
P Å 2847
R-2573 P‘ Å»« go against the stream
ç ÕÕûûR-1114
è Õû 2251
R-2574 èä Õû¾ sprain
S Àû 2607
Sl ÀûÀí· fully ripened
S o^ used in namesS Šuš used in namesS q™ used in names
R-2575 S qš used in names
In the following group, the signal primative must stand aloneand to the right. We have seen in other cases as well how cer-tain primitives, in order to serve as a signal primitive, must bein a dominant position.
254 SEMI-PURE GROUPS
6 ÄÄûû ÃÃûû ïR-989 R-1759
& Ãû 2717
R-2576 &A Ãû½· search; exploration
† ÉÉïï«« ‡R-330 R-331
ë Ûï« 2239
R-2577 ë} Ûï«Ñ« court; ministry
Å Éï« 2155
Å´ Éï«õ« mockery; ridicule
R-2578 Åš H]Wš to make fun of
y ÀÀííûû {R-372 R-373
í Àíû%¿íû 2705
¤í ¿Àíû consultation; inferring
íš vQš consult
R-2579 í ‰Yo used in names
µ ¿íû%Àíû 2290
µÁ ÀíûΩ weeping silently
R-2580 µ ‰Yo used in names
SEMI-PURE GROUPS 255
B ¹û 2664
Bœ ¹ûñû dazzling; gorgeous; gaudy
R-2581 B H“ used in names
Finally, there are a small number of entirely new semi-puregroups, composed only of kanji learned in this volume.
Õ §§ûû%%−−ûû➔
I §û 2056
IÑ §û¿Ì hermit’s cell
R-2582 I JP™ hermitage
Õ −û 2055
R-2583 q”Õ/ ´Å·−û−û gasp for breath; huff and puff
Ù −û 2057
Ùv −ûâ© cover; obscuration
R-2584 ÙL PPL to cover
, −û 2058
R-2585 , P› me
256 SEMI-PURE GROUPS
a ©©➔
i ֩ 2427
R-2586 ƒi ²©÷© neighborhood; vicinity
Í ÷© 2336
ÍP ÷©¾Ì indecency; lewdness
R-2587 ͘ Šg˜ loose
a © 2569
R-2588 ai ©¿í· wince; µinch
¿¿íí««➔
L ¿í« 2392
R-2589 LU |U to thatch; shingle
P ¿í« 2732
R-2590 PÆ ¿í«õ· compilation; editing
¿ î« 2263
R-2591 ¿0 î«×© bowing with arms folded
SEMI-PURE GROUPS 257
» ÈÈ ÀÀëë íR-2235
º È 2674
ºs Èòû steering wheel; helm
R-2592 º Q_ rudder; helm
¼ È 2955
R-2593 [¼ ÞËÈ Buddha
² Ç 2718
R-2594 ²U H]‹U dupe; deceive
U ³³ûû%%ðð««➔
T ³û 2151
R-2595 T‹ ³ûÆ« counterfeit
U ³û 2150
R-2596 U‘ ³û»« side by side like µying geese
Ü ð« 2237
R-2597 Ü fQ hawk
258 SEMI-PURE GROUPS
ƒ ©©ûû „ ±±ûû 0R-905 R-906 R-907
} ©û 2159
}V ©û»« throat
R-2598 } up throat
The following group was not learned as a pure group in vol-ume II, but if its signal primitive is made to stand alone and onthe right, it is convenient to make the group now.
= òò G 7 òò%%òòïï«« (R-1160 R-590 R-963 R-47
¡ ò 2951
R-2599 X¡ ½ûò three nautical miles
û ò 2338
!û »ò foxes and badgers
R-2600 û fsS badger-dog
/ ò 2950
2/ ¼ò ³ve miles
R-2601 / æ©ó mile
; ò 2973
;s òéû back side
R-2602 ; L˜ behind (old form)
SEMI-PURE GROUPS 259
d òòïï«« õõ«« µ ¹R-892 R-890 R-891
¼ õ« 2339
¼« õ«Ã© Sirius; Dog Star
R-2603 ÁJ Y`J sly; cunning
& »» þ➔ R-1216
# » 2650
#3 »Ð makeshift
R-2604 # u™ paste; glue
& » % ¼ % « 2470
&º »¿ï« pepper
&& ¼æ sesame&( «õû suspicious-looking
& Nz` barbarians
R-2605 & y[ used in names
@ ¼%» 2562
R-2606 b@ ½û¼ coral
E ¼ 2749
R-2607 ÚEI È©¼ç zest for life
260 SEMI-PURE GROUPS
The following group was learned as a pure group in volume II,but the primary reading of the signal primitive makes it betterto reclassify it as a semi-pure group.
[ èè%%ÞÞR-324
C Þ 2270
Cï Þð« care; tending
R-2608 Cnš qnš to stroke; pet
G Þ 2401
GP Þ¾Ì unpolished; crude
R-2609 G Q} turnip
¬ ÐÐûû „ ÀÀííûû ¸R-2188 R-1991 R-2071
± Ðû 2326
R-2610 ϱ »ûÐû chaos; confusion
´ Ðû 2788
R-2611 ´J ÐûÉ ready wit
« Ðû 2949
R-2612 « Ðû a ton
SEMI-PURE GROUPS 261
»»«« îî«« ÍR-1918
] »« 2212
]Ø »«È© vast; extensive
] Hk used in names] yœ used in names
R-2613 ] yœ^ used in names
‚ »« 2662
k‚s” ×Ë»«©É« “everything under one roof”
‚ yœ used in names
R-2614 ‚ yœ^ used in names
ˆ »« 2469
%ˆ »»« right hand man
R-2615 ˆ y_ elbow
It happens occasionally, as in the following group, that the sig-nal primitive forms an exception to the reading it takes in othercharacters in which it appears.
2 ÄÄûûR-1012
ö Ãû 2548
öŠ Ãûá© rice cracker
R-2616 öš Jš to roast
262 SEMI-PURE GROUPS
ú Ãû 2636
ú– Ãû¿ï message attached to an arrow
R-2617 ú “ arrow
å Ãû 2941
R-2618 åÏ ÃûΩ pruning
¥ Ãû 2255
R-2619 ¥Nš dœNš to assemble; muster
SEMI-PURE GROUPS 263
CHAPTER 10
Mixed Groups
The 162 kanji treated in this chapter make up the most dif³cultof the signal-primitive-based groups. Let us begin by recallingthe three classes of “mixed groups” introduced in volume II:
GROUP A includes groups with two readings. As distinctfrom the “semi-pure” groups, there must be atleast 2 kanji for each reading.
GROUP B is made up of groups with only two exceptionsto the standard reading of the signal primitive,which must apply to at least 3 kanji.
GROUP C is made up of miscellaneous groups where it isstill useful to see a signal primitive with a stan-dard reading, but which has exceptions otherthan those that apply to Groups A and B.
Naturally, with the addition of so many new kanji in this vol-ume, several of the groups from volume II will changeclassi³cation. What is more, once we have left the con³nes ofthe readings assinged for “general use,” the number of sec-ondary and tertiary on-yomi increases dramatically, making thedistinction between Group A and Group B less useful.Accordingly, the two groups have been combined in the pre-sent volume.
For further information on the layout of the frames, see theopening remarks to chapter 7 and the full diagram on page491.
_GROUPS A & B_
¦ ÚÚ ·R-348 R-349
h Ú 2579
&h æÚ paralysis
R-2620 h›š ^z›š go numb
Š Ú 2196
R-2621 GŠ ÑÚ servants
5 ש%٩ 2873
ç5 ¿ï«×© medallion
R-2622 5 Ù© mah-jong tiles
Πש 2608
Ît ש¿ legend; ³ction
R-2623 Î yN barnyard grass
ë àà´́ | } ÚÚ ¿R-851 R-852 R-853
{ à´ 2117
{Ø à´¹û prejudice
R-2624 {‹ yR‹ be biased against
MIXED GROUPS GROUPS A & B 265
H Ú 2728
H¬ Úî metaphor
R-2625 HNš foNš compare; liken to
Ü ¿¿ïï«« Ì Ô ´ ½½·· 7R-725 R-726 R-727 R-728 R-729
í ¿ï« 2784
R-2626 í [“ a sheath
« ¿ï« 2154
R-2627 «w ¿ï«²© patrol; guard
` ÃÌ 2219
R-2628 ` Ua waste; rubbish
² ÚÚ −R-346 R-347
© Ú 2236
©� Ú¼ aegis; protection
©L QwL protect; grant sanctuary
R-2629 © y[^ eaves; canopy
Ö Ú 2218
½Ö ã«Ú breaking wind
R-2630 Ö ƒ passed gas
266 GROUPS A & B MIXED GROUPS
Ç Û 2519
R-2631 Ç! Û÷ loquat
É Û 2912
R-2632 É% Û÷ lute
Æ −−ûû ä Ø = ÷÷ûû ÚR-780 R-781 R-782 R-783
× ÷û 2487
R-2633 × ÷û wooden bowl
Ù ÷û 2591
R-2634 [Ù Éë÷û teacup
‡ −û 2197
R-2635 ‡( −û´ï· euphemistic
“ ××ûû … ØØûû ¡R-800 R-801 R-802
æ ×û 2522
R-2636 Ãæ Õ×û nirvana
¢ Øû 2586
¢Í ØûÀë· huge rock
R-2637 ¢ J¡ boulder
MIXED GROUPS GROUPS A & B 267
2 ²²ûû ; C ññûû ,R-748 R-749 R-750 R-751
/ ñû 2371
8/ ³ñû temple for Buddhist training
R-2638 / HJ indigo
Ô ÈÈ©© Ù ÏÏ Ô ÎΩ© ÔR-544 R-1416 R-544 R-544
Ë Î© 2146
Ëp Ω×Ì tonsure; cutting off the hair
R-2639 Ëš dš to shave
Õ Î© 2283
Õˆ ΩÀíû obedience
Õ o‘ used in namesÕ —^ used in namesÕ “` used in names
R-2640 Õ “`^ used in names
٠Ω 2479
‰Ù ²©Î© step; threshold; guide
R-2641 Ù v^Z ladder
268 GROUPS A & B MIXED GROUPS
 ôôû š à ¹¹ûû Â Ù È ººûû È➚ R-1202 R-1203 R-1199 R-1200 R-1201 R-1201
¢ ôû 2630
@¢ Öôû shop-entrance curtain
R-2642 ¢ `g› bamboo blind
Þ ää«« ä ØØ©© =R-806 R-807 R-808
A Ø© 2541
Aß Ø©−û soot and smoke
R-2643 A `` soot
± ¿¿ïï«« © ã Ò Ãé© ± © ª ¦R-1204 R-1205 R-1208 R-1209 R-1204 R-1205 R-1206 R-1207
é ¿ï« 2770
é1 ¿ï«» a bell and drum
R-2644 é Qt bell clapper
t ÉÉïï«« – „ Š ÐЫ« Y sR-1168 R-1169 R-1170 R-1171 R-1172 R-1173
— Éï« 2755
R-2645 —{ Éï«¿ saké holder
B ÅÅ«« ] R Š ÆÆ«« † ‡ Š
MIXED GROUPS GROUPS A & B 269
➚ R-1188 R-1188 R-1193 R-1191 R-1192 R-1193
ÅÅ BR-1190
; Å 2177
R-2646 I; çÅ fermented bean paste
¨ ÀÀïï«« µ ô Ãé© ¨ µ ¼R-1174 R-1175 R-1177 R-1174 R-1175 R-1176
8 Àï« 2438
8˜Q HS˜Q clear
R-2647 8 HS˜ used in names
“ îî««%%««%%îîR-1754
· « % î % î« 2126
ú· Îûî« divine favor; providence
· `W used in names
R-2648 ·U f`U aid; assist
Ç î« 2599
ÇÙ î«ÚÌ secretary; amanuensis
Ç [h used in namesÇ `W used in namesÇ f`U used in namesÇ h used in names
R-2649 Ç ‰` used in names
270 GROUPS A & B MIXED GROUPS
ø ²²ûû ù î * : ¹¹ûû Û ³³ûû MR-1270 R-1269 R-1271 R-1272 R-1273 R-1274 R-1275
Ü ²û 2944
ܹ ²ûé snoring voice
R-2650 Ü JzS snoring
! ²û 2441
!“ ²û³© drought damage
R-2651 ! yn™ drought
4 ²û 2632
4w ²ûЫ top of a pole
R-2652 4 [P pole
† ²û 2523
R-2653 † ^P™ bookmark
× ÇÇ©© Æ Ì ÀÀ%%ÉÉ ¸ ¿¿ xR-1264 R-1265 R-1266 R-1267 R-1268
™ ì 2137
R-2654 v™ Ыì training; cultivation
÷ Ç© 2871
R-2655 ÷p †o¥p almost
MIXED GROUPS GROUPS A & B 271
Î Ç© 2356
ðÎ ÃûÇ© mosses
Î YW moss
R-2656 }Î u™ seaweed
ò »» ü û ·· N ´́ïï ÊR-1215 R-1218 R-1217 R-1219 R-1220
õ » 2205
õ” »Å· stopgap; makeshift
õ ^”Lo mother-in-law
R-2657 õ ^”LoŒ mother-in-law
‚ ××ûû * ‡ • Š + š ØØûû ‡R-1234 R-1233 R-1235 R-1236 R-1237 R-1238 R-1239 R-1235
ÇÇûû ‚ ààûû ‘ ²² 6 ããûû ‚R-1234 R-1240 R-1241 R-1234
ƒ ãû % ×û 2902
äƒ èãû rebellion; insurrection
R-2658 ƒU d‹U disobey
7 ÃÃûû ò , ) ½½ûû ` ¾¾ûû mR-1259 R-1260 R-1261 R-1262 R-1263
” Ãû 2991
R-2659 “” ÛûÃû letter paper
272 GROUPS A & B MIXED GROUPS
( Ãû 2735
{( ´Ãû high and low (social rank)
R-2660 (^J J“^J lowly; humble
ä ©© j T e −−©© Å ²²ûû HR-1221 R-1222 R-1223 R-1224 R-1225
5 © 2411
5 H^ reeds
R-2661 5 —^ reeds
© ²²ÌÌ Ì Ó Ð −−ÌÌ Œ ¹¹©© ÍR-1210 R-1211 R-1212 R-1213 R-1214
Ò ²Ì 2398
Òn ²ËЫ confrontation; discord
R-2662 Ò Ua kudzu; arrowroot
¤ ´́ i l _ k µµ ’ ¼¼ AR-1253 R-1254 R-1255 R-1256 R-1257 R-1258
M ´ 2643
ÃM ×´ winnowing fan
R-2663 M Š winnow; winnowing fan
¹ ´ 2840
R-2664 ¹v ´òû giraffe
MIXED GROUPS GROUPS A & B 273
§ »»«« ³³ÌÌ%%¼¼«« § ¿¿íí««%%ÀÀîî«« B➚ R-1074 R-1813
Í »«%²Ë 2281
ÍY ²Ë»« shape; form
R-2665 Í‘ HfQ‘ as if
› »« 2776
R-2666 °› Ç©»« father of the Imperial adviser
b ³³ h e ÀÀìì îR-784 R-785 R-786 R-787
) »%¼ 2134
)N [N intelligent; bright
R-2667 )Nš [Nš be clear; serene
Ï ÎΩ© ÀÀïï«« Ï )R-360 R-360 R-361
Û Î© 2587
ÛQG Î©×·É anchorage; mooring
R-2668 Û JQ™ anchor
4 Çû 2670
&4 ×Çû failure; bankruptcy
R-2669 4zš †Yœzš unravel
274 GROUPS A & B MIXED GROUPS
 ¿¿ ˜ §➔ R-522 R-523
 ¿ 2043
ÂM ¿³û this shore (this world)
R-2670 Â Y› this one
Û ½© 2044
R-2671 Û ^w brushwood
÷ ½© 2045
ô÷ À﫽© fort; citadel
R-2672 ÷ o™n fort; forti³cations
Ô ½ 2046
Ôú ½½© triµing; trivial
ÔQ J[[Q slightly
R-2673 Ô^ `Y^ small amount
Ø ´́ïï««R-1828
| Àíû 2318
|� Àíû¿û pure and immaculate heart
| Hk used in names| Hk^ used in names| HS used in names| S— used in names| S—^ used in names
R-2674 | ‰Yo used in names
MIXED GROUPS GROUPS A & B 275
‡ Àíû 2751
‡5 Àíû² re³nement; sublimation
‡J HkJ warm; cordial‡ Hk used in names
R-2675 ‡ Hk^ used in names
− Àíû%Ðû 2279
−J HkJ warm; cordial− Hk^ used in names
R-2676 − ‰Yo used in names
° Ðû 2931
°R Ðû»« simplicity; naivete
° Hk^ used in names° Hk used in names° kš used in names° u} used in names° P[‹ used in names
R-2677 ° ko‹ used in names
_ ÝÝûû g i j ääûû !R-1246 R-1247 R-1248 R-1249 R-1250
ÚÚûû%%ÛÛûû ú ××ûû ™ ÞÞûû%%ÞÞ _R-1251 R-1252 R-1246
d Ýû 2246
R-2678 dz ÝûÅ« get-up; disguise
276 GROUPS A & B MIXED GROUPS
s ÁÁ©© x ƒ îî«« ÌR-736 R-737 R-738 R-739
³ È 2165
R-2679 ³È È−´ saliva; sputum
_GROUP C_
¡ ãã ™ ¢ ª œ ÝÝ Þ➔ R-61 R-62 R-63 R-64 R-650
F Þ%ã 2378
R-2680 F‰ ÞÑ« grape; grapevine
£ ã%Ý 2730
£Õ ã½ assistant; counselor
£ `W used in names
R-2681 £U f`U to help; assist
¡ ã 2097
¡ yœ^ used in names
R-2682 ¡ v_Œ used in names
MIXED GROUPS GROUPS A & B 277
š ã 2975
R-2683 šŠ ãÑ« paved road
› ã 2918
R-2684 ›– 㹩 ridges in ³elds
; ²² G ³³ gR-788 R-789 R-790
8 ²%³ 2115
8¼ ²È song in praise of the Buddha (gatha)
8/ ³ñû temple; monastery
R-2685 8 oT nursing
? ² 2852
?ó ²Ö« approval; appreciation
?} —œY} rejoice? —^ used in names
R-2686 ? yœ used in names
R ² 2372
R-2687 R({) q` eggplant
Z ² 2959
R-2688 öZ ¿ë² Shakyamuni the Buddha
Ú ² 2962
R-2689 Úç »2Ú2 coffee
278 GROUP C MIXED GROUPS
j ²%³ 2803
j¨ ²¼ palanquin; litter
R-2690 ëj ¿ë³ imperial carriage
w ¹ 2700
R-2691 wá ¹½ monk’s surplice
O ¿¿ûû E ÉÉûû ¥R-923 R-924 R-925
0 Îû 2492
R-2692 0 ‰S Chinese black pine
& Îû 2789
R-2693 &= ÎûæÌ details; full account
ù Îû 2190
R-2694 ù¢ Îûå ³ll up; compensate for
B ½½©© ð ü þ ÃÃûû üR-742 R-740 R-741 R-743
é ½© 2704
ré ²©½© shout of delight
é Q question mark; used in namesé Qq indeed; used in namesé hQ used in namesé v_Œ used in names
R-2695 é “ used in names
MIXED GROUPS GROUP C 279
W ÃÌ 2703
W5 ÃÌÄû distinct; sharp
R-2696 Wš Sš sever; cut
È Ç© 2702
R-2697 ™È Éï«È© accept; receive
´ Ãé©%%¿¿ïï«« ¥ § « Ãé© ³ ½½ûû cR-1281 R- 1282 R-1283 R-1284 R-1286 R-1285
À é 2750
·À# ²·Ã©¾© stimulant; drug
R-2698 À‰` [‰` to wake someone
ì é 2910
R-2699 ì PJ nephew
r ¿ï« 2628
r1 ¿ï«» µutes and drums
R-2700 r ^–Lu|N 13- or 19-reed pan µute
6 Å 2940
6´ Åé resuscitation; rebirth
R-2701 6š —ŠRNš revive; resucitate
280 GROUP C MIXED GROUPS
² »»·· µ ÆÆ«« ‹R-926 R-927 R-928
– »« 2934
–© »«¿ pearly-white teeth
– HS˜ used in names
R-2702 – yœ^ used in names
ï ÝÝ·· S O Q ÝÝ )R-745 R-746 R-747 R-748
è Ý· 2731
èâ Ý·¿ë radiation (of heat, light, etc.)
R-2703 è “ spoke of a wheel
Ú ÚÌ 2420
Úê ÚËÅ· dropping out of the picture
R-2704 after a failure
ß »»ûû Í É ººûû ï Q ³³ûû QR-1396 R-1397 R-1398 R-1399 R-1399
µµûû F ÇÇ©© ÑR-1400 R-1401
Ð »û 2578
ÐÔ »ûô traces; vestiges
R-2705 Ð Ho scar
MIXED GROUPS GROUP C 281
s ÎΩ© à ÉÉïï«« s ‰ ™ z ÉÉïï rR-1458 R-1464 R-1458 R-1459 R-1460 R-1461 R-1462
ÐЫ« a ÈÈ ¸R-1463 R-1465
Ú Î© 2312
Úû ΩÃû beach line
Ú qT[ beach
R-2706 Ú ŠT¡ waterside
æ Ω 2766
zæ ūΩ book-binding
R-2707 æ UT nail
Ÿ ¿¿ïï·· 1 0 ÉÉ E N ÉÉïï··%%ÀÀ´́ ŸR-1325 R-1323 R-1324 R-1321 R-1322 R-1325
+ ¿ï· 2183
R-2708 + vr clay
X ôôûû £ § ÐЫ« X L ÉÉûû ¦➚ R-1328 R-1329 R-1326 R-1327 R-1330
¡ ôû 2542
¡é ôû³ brick
R-2709 ¡š tš temper; soften
282 GROUP C MIXED GROUPS
@ ²û 2708
@í ²ûºû admonition
R-2710 @Œš J[Œš remonstrate
â ²²ÌÌ Ï Î ÄÄÌÌ â ÷÷ Ê➚ R-1500 R-1501 R-1502 R-1503
ÀÀ  ¹¹©© ‹R-1504 R-1505
e ²Ì 2646
R-2711 e va expectation; should
J ·· P ±±«« õ ö ÁÁ«« ŠR-1470 R-1471 R-1472 R-1473 R-1474
O · 2986
¾O õ«· old bones; advanced age
R-2712 O Q˜g body
û ±« 2828
R-2713 û Q‘Œ seagull
MIXED GROUPS GROUP C 283
3 §§ûû K ©©ûû ‘ 3 ±±ûû 3➚ R-1301 R-1299 R-1300 R-1300
M §û 2777
eM ò﫧û court (national) mourning
M “Š darkness
R-2714 MJ U˜J dark; shadowy
± ÀÀ ³ ¬ ´ ¿¿ ¡ ÇÇ©© ÅR-1433 R-1434 R-1435 R-1436 R-1437 R-1438
ÐЫ« f Ðз· –R-1439 R-1440
» À 2575
R-2715 » À hemorrhoids
Á À 2395
ÁU ‰U to sowÁNš LNš to plant
R-2716 Á ‰S used in names
À ÚÚ « ¬ ×ש© , 8 1 ¾¾©© &R-1432 R-1430 R-1431 R-1426 R-1427 R-1428 R-1430
± Ú 2897
±ë‰ ÚQ¡Éï« town in Shimane Prefecture
± H“ used in names
R-2717 ´x± JSRJ reason for living
284 GROUP C MIXED GROUPS
¹ Ú 2659
¹G ÚZJ red (gold) carp
¹ HQ red
R-2718 ¹ HW red; crimson
½ Ú 2724
½4 Úä« slander; calumny
R-2719 ½š d^š accuse; slander
ç ש%Ú 2963
R-2720 Úç »2Ú2 coffee
µ ÚÚ ¼ ª ´ ° ×× & #R-1418 R-1419 R-1420 R-1421 R-1422 R-1423 R-1424
ØØ (R-1425
• × 2793
‡• àûÙ partiality; favoritism
R-2721 •š `Y}š exceedingly; extremely
Ã × 2647
R-2722 ÃM ×´ winnowing fan
MIXED GROUPS GROUP C 285
œ ØØûû ©©ÌÌ v ááûû ”R-949 R-1868 R-952
› Øû 2244
›H Øû² eulogy; dirge
R-2723 ›U yU grind (meat)
2 ¸̧«« X Z [ ¸̧ TR-776 R-777 R-778 R-779
Y ¸« 2211
R-2724 YÊ ¸«÷ allegory; fable
© æû 2969
R-2725 Ω Óæû 20,000 (old form)
L æ© 2970
R-2726 ¢L »«æ© lofty; noble
q ÐЫ« d y : w ÐÐ : wR-1441 R-1442 R-1443 R-1444 R-1445 R-1444 R-1445
ÂÂ q w ãã«« Ì ÉÉïï«« ˜ ÇÇûû 1R-1441 R-1445 R-1446 R-1447 R-1448
q Ы% 2423
qK Ыòí« stayover; sojourn
R-2727 q{} ¿¿ city near Kamakura
286 GROUP C MIXED GROUPS
ðð«« Þ ìì·· ¨ ÇÇ·· æR-976 R-2076 R-2208
ç ð« 2880
çU QR“U shine; sparkleç HS˜ used in names
R-2728 ç mš used in names
™ ð« 2534
™U QR“U shine brightly
R-2729 ™ mš used in names
Ÿ ØØûû%%××ûû ”R-948 R-2152
£ Øû 2381
R-2730 £º Øû¿ï« red pepper
ü × 2262
ü) ׿í sowing; planting
R-2731 üU ‰U to sow
MIXED GROUPS GROUP C 287
, ðð«« î Û ÉÉïï«« ‘ ÐЫ« _R-1370 R-1371 R-1372 R-1373
ÀÀïï«« õ ¿¿ïï«« ¥R-1374 R-1375
… Éï« 2885
H… òí«Éï« µuent (in speaking)
… Jfš used in names… Qp used in names… qR used in names… u} used in names… ‰[ used in names
R-2732 … Šk used in names
ß ð« 2473
ß‹ ð«À toothpick
ß “` used in names
R-2733 ß “qT willow
In the following group, take note of certain similarities thatseem to create “pure” groups within an otherwise mixed groupby the addition of a second element.
Œ ¿¿ïï • Œ ™ ’ ” ¿¿ëë é æ➚ R-1362 R-1363 R-1364 R-629 R-1367 R-1360 R-1361
ÉÉïï q o ” ÐÐ @ = ÌÌ @R-1365 R-1366 R-1367 R-1368 R-1369 R-1368
‘ ¿ï 2448
‘M ¿ï»« ³rst light of dawn
288 GROUP C MIXED GROUPS
‘ HW‡u dawn; daybreak
R-2734 ‘ HS˜ used in names
— ¿ï 2365
1— ²û¿ï sweet potato
R-2735 — J‘ potato
˜ ¿ï 2402
1˜ ²û¿ï sweet potato
R-2736 ˜ J‘ potato
à Éï 2994
R-2737 ÇÃ Éí«Éï hesitation; warning
„ Éï 2118
„2 Éïò pro³ts; earnings
„W ‘LW pro³ts
R-2738 „Wš ‘LWš make a pro³t
2 Ð 2192
R-2739 H2 §ûÑ feeling of relief
5 Ð 2217
5õ ÐÀï« slaughterhouse
R-2740 5š †|š defeat
MIXED GROUPS GROUP C 289
ª ññ·· $ % & ²²·· ª ° ¼ ª➚ R-1355 R-1356 R-1357 R-1351 R-1352 R-1353 R-1354
òòëë·· F ³³·· Â ´́ëë·· ªR-1358 R-1359 R-1354
# ñ· 2302
R-2741 #_ ñ·Éí« in Kyoto
q ñ· 2545
q| ñ·©û branding; stigma
R-2742 qU “UU to burn
¬ õ 2738
R-2743 ̬ ÷©õ bribe
In the following group, the primitive must stand alone and onthe right to qualify as a signal primitive.
Ù òòïï«« ^ ´́ïï««%%¹¹©© Ù ºº©© «➚ R-2177 R-938 R-1917
E òë· 2247
Eô òë·ÈÌ pillage; looting
R-2744 EŒš Q`Œš to plunder; loot
a òï« 2474
a ‹UuS gray starling
R-2745 a U˜ used in names
290 GROUP C MIXED GROUPS
e òï« 2710
eM ò﫧û court (national) mourning
e ‰Yo used in names
R-2746 e [o^ used in names
ø ÀÀëë·· Ðз· ’ ÈÈ·· ëR-1962 R-2190 R-1760
û Àë· 2429
û| ÀëË´ provocation
R-2747 ûU yU to attract; solicit
‚ ¹¹©© ” ²² : ³³©© š —R-1387 R-1386 R-1388 R-1384 R-1385
²²©© š ÝÝ««%%ãã«« IR-1384 R-1389
f ¹© 2932
R-2748 f |Š used in names
– ¹© 2571
– Hc ridge between rice ³elds
R-2749 – Lt ridge; furrow
$ ¹© 2815
R-2750 $ [W salmon
MIXED GROUPS GROUP C 291
ƒ ¹© 2564
R-2751 ƒK ¹©Å silicon
£ § 2693
£¹ §Ã© raucous voice
R-2752 £ QNš a frog
$ §© 2200
R-2753 $^J LkU^J beautiful
† ¿¿ ‹ ™ µµ Œ ´́ cR-1402 R-1403 R-1404 R-1405 R-1406
Z µ%´ 2122
Z© µº© arts; handicraftsHEZ ²Þ´ Kabuki
Z ¡T used in names
R-2754 Z U› used in names
‰ µ 2199
R-2755 ‰· µõ« brothel
This next group of charcters, you may recall, was given specialattention in volume II because of the overlap of readings.Having come this far already, it is no doubt clear to you thatthis exception has become rather the rule in volume III.
292 GROUP C MIXED GROUPS
Ãố Æ 3 ¿¿ïï·· 4 3R-932 R-934 R-933 R-934
R ¿ 2233
iR ´¿ µag; banner; one’s position
R-2756 R u‡™ a banner; a streamer
æ ðð«« á à ï å ¿¿ïï«« Ö åR-1449 R-1450 R-1451 R-1452 R-1453 R-1454 R-1455
ÃÃûû 1 çç%%ÛÛ ËR-1456 R-1457
_ ð« 2572
−_ Ì«ð« itching; interest
R-2757 _J Q•J ichy
t ´́ g ‚ ¸̧ûû t ««ûû ±➚ R-1520 R-1521 R-1522 R-1523
= «û 2439
±= ºû«û vertigo; dizziness
= Q[ halo=` ‡Q` shade off; blur
R-2758 =Wš ‡Wš fade; grow dim
Þ »û 2295
R-2759 Þúˆ »ûÎûµ astrolabe
MIXED GROUPS GROUP C 293
@ ´ 2440
@S QR“S a glow@˜` m˜` to glow@ yQ™ ray of light@ HS˜ used in names
R-2760 @ mš used in names
ü ÉÉíí«« f e l ¿¿íí%%ÁÁ ü➚ R-1331 R-1332 R-1333 R-1335
ÀÀíí«« W ±±«« ðR-1336 R-1337
i Éí« 2727
R-2761 iö Éí«¿ë· annotate
ú ×× û ÚÚ »➔ R-2083 R-1618
ú × 2096
oú! òûÙÃû lymph glands
ú La a swirl
R-2762 ú o‘N used in names
% × 2913
R-2763 É% Û÷ Japanese lute
* Ø 2386
R-2764 *ß Ø¿ï« Bashõ (haiku poet); banana
294 GROUP C MIXED GROUPS
! ÷ 2501
R-2765 Ç! Û÷ loquat
: ÉÉïï«« “ } ¿¿íí«« : Q➚ R-1531 R-1532 R-1533 R-1534
u Éï« 2135
u% Éï«ñ· withering; decline
R-2766 u‹ ^‡‹ wither
Õ Éï« 2812
R-2767 Õ fJ sea bream
n ³³©© › Œ ²²·· ± »»·· ±R-640 R-1535 R-1536 R-1537 R-1538
’ ³© 2162
’³ ³©È cough and spittle
R-2768 ’ bS cough
Ÿ ³© 2874
R-2769 |Ÿ ¿³© corpse
MIXED GROUPS GROUP C 295
˜ ÉÉ G K ÀÀ G ¿¿%%ÃÃ ‰ ÇÇ ¬➔ R-1287 R-1288 R-1288 R-1289 R-1291
˜ ì 2094
˜ q™ to the amount of (on receipts)˜ H™ used in names
R-2770 ˜ ‰f used in names
H É%¿ 2242
H7 ɲû relaxation; slakening
H| ¿Éï« tightening and looseningH‹ fš‹ to lacken
R-2771 H‹ •š‹ slacken
R É 2805
R{ ÉÅ« treat; hospitality
R-2772 Rbš vbš run; gallop
, ²²©© } t ææ©© , ØØ©© ?➚ R-1302 R-1303 R-1304 R-1305
ÞÞ B ÛÛûû þ ××ûû ’R-1306 R-1307 R-1308
{ ²© 2452
{_ ²©Àí« obscurity; ambiguity
R-2773 {Õ ŠdQ last day of the month
296 GROUP C MIXED GROUPS
¿¿ûû W ÉÉûû £➚ R-1636 R-1940
N ¿û 2574
R-2774 &N æ¿û measles
( ¿û 2291
(m ¿û¿íÌ percolation; exuding
(‹ r_‹ spread; blot
R-2775 (š ^Šš to blot
à Ûí« 2720
R-2776 [ৠèÛí«Ã© infallibility
Æ ÉÉíí«« a c îî Æ ± ÀÀ·· É➚ R-1347 R-1348 R-14 R-1346 R-1349
¿¿íí«« £ Îδ́ î îî«« ÆR-1350 R-2147 R-14
 Éí« 2666
R-2777 Â k‹T pongee
# δ 2412
}# ¹©Î´ teach; guide
R-2778 # Šh used in names
Á î 2486
R-2779 Á({) î citron
MIXED GROUPS GROUP C 297
¿¿ïï«« á ç ¦ Á ÀÀïï«« øR-1338 R-1339 R-1340 R-1341 R-1342
ÑÑ«« } ÐЫ« JR-1343 R-1344
° ¿ï« 2870
Ø°ø È©À﫽© festival of thanks following
R-2780 enthronment of an emperor
Ý ÇÇûû , −−ûû Ý ÈÈûû 7➚ R-1887 R-2029 R-994
g Çû 2573
R-2781 »g ¹ËÇû bloody phlegm
298 GROUP C MIXED GROUPS
CHAPTER 11
A Potpourri of Readings
_ INTUITION FROM __DOMINANT PRIMITIVE_
We begin this hodge-podge of readings with a group of kanjiwhoseon-yomi you should be able to guess by “intuition” fromthe dominant primitive, even though there are too manyexceptions to allow us to make a group as such.
C É 2584
R-2782 C({) S_ pheasant
À Ç© 2185
ÀÎR ǩô³û rocks piled up high
R-2783 ÀJ LafQJ be piled up high
© Á©%Ì© 2505
©¿ Ì©»Ì vertebra
© ^J chinquapin© kh used in names
R-2784 ©ì ^JfW kind of mushroom
‚ Á© 2760
‚† Á©¹© pyramid-shaped
R-2785 ‚ S™ a gimlet; a drill
! Á© 2712
!7 Á©² Who goes there?
R-2786 ! g› who
Z ©%î©%î© 2276
ZZ ©© sound expressing assent
ZŠš P‘¥Šš consider; reµectZ Y› this (classical)
R-2787 Z fg used in names
² ´í« 2114
²ë ´í«Î´ bitter enemy
R-2788 ² Hg enemy; enimity
µ Ïû 2111
µ6 Ïû½· farming
R-2789 µ kUg new ³eld
Q òï 2121
R-2790 {Q ×ûòï companion; associate
q ²© 2886
q$ ²©Ãû barge; cargo vessel
R-2791 qš ‰¡š go around
300 DOMINANT PRIMITIVE A POTPOURRI OF READINGS
| ¿ 2222
|Ÿ ¿³© corpse; remains
| ^Qwt corpse; remains
R-2792 | Qwt corpse; remains
³ 2286
R-2793 ³/ »«»« rough; crude
Ò »« 2457
R-2794 æÒ ä«»« urinary bladder
o ¿ 2113
R-2795 oú ¿½© circumstances
+ Çû 2859
+b¿ Çû©¿ï« Notes Lamenting Differences(famous work by the notedBuddhist reformer, Shinran)
R-2796 +U qXU grief; lamentation
3 Çû 2631
R-2797 3k ÇûÁ cabinet
Ë Àï 2303
R-2798 Ë q¥_ thou
™ ê· 2293
R-2799 ™ô ê·ð· bathing
A POTPOURRI OF READINGS DOMINANT PRIMITIVE 301
° é 2497
° ` nest
R-2800 °‹ `‹ roost; dwell
¸ ¿ë % ½© 2292
¸õ ¿ëÈÌ free-thinking; unconventional
R-2801 ¸b ½©Å« cleaning
• з 2297
R-2802 à• ä«Ð· blasphemy
: §Ì 2781
R-2803 :ø §ËÃû good of³ces; services
ó ±« 2450
óµ ±«Ã© µourishing; prospering
ó¥ [Q¥ µourishing; prospering
R-2804 ó HS˜ used in names
À Çû 2321
R-2805 À qg open sea
T ¿û 2368
R-2806 ÄT Ç©¿û sash padding
Ô ¹û 2589
NÔ Ð«¹û Chinese ink slab
R-2807 Ô `a™ inkstone
302 DOMINANT PRIMITIVE A POTPOURRI OF READINGS
£ »« 2313
£Ÿ »«u (family name)
£ PPo™ giant swan
R-2808 £ yœ used in names
Ä Àíû 2807
Äï Àíûð« tame; domesticate
R-2809 Ä›š q›š get used to
ã Ãû 2692
R-2810 ã bŠ cicada
´ À 2797
7´ ¿ï·À diet
´ N bait
R-2811 ´ N[ animal feed
ô »« 2754
R-2812 ô äÇû button
ß Ý 2332
ß[ ݾû Pusan (Korean city)
R-2813 ß Q‰ iron pot; kettle
2 Ý 2333
Í2 Ã´Ý stone axe
R-2814 2 Pu axe
A POTPOURRI OF READINGS DOMINANT PRIMITIVE 303
ò ¿ë· 2510
R-2815 ò{ ¿ë·¿ dipper; ladle
ó ¿ë· 2544
óå ¿ë·ÕÌ incandescent heat
R-2816 óU “U to burn
` è 2831
R-2817 ¬` ±«è parrot
Ã î« 2493
R-2818 Ã q˜ Japanese oak
† ¿ï« 2794
†H ¿ï«² song of praise
†Nš ffNš sing the praises of
R-2819 †Œš †Œš to praise
_INTUITION FROM MEANING_
The on-yomi for this next group of kanji can be guessed at fromtheir meaning. That is, the reading of another, more commoncharacter of the same meaning supplies the reading. To helpyou, the character of related meaning is given in each frame.
304 DOMINANT PRIMITIVE A POTPOURRI OF READINGS
« ➙ y ó© 2294
R-2820 « qŠg tear
‚ ➙ | à´ 2588
‚NÄ à´³ûõ· Blue Cliff Records (classic Zen kõan collection)
‚ HP used in names
R-2821 ‚ Šp™ used in names
Þ ➙ † © 2393
R-2822 §Þ ¿Â© pistil
¤ ➙ ¦ ôû 2676
R-2823 ¤Ó ôûÇ© regiment
_ ➙ r Å« 2432
R-2824 _û Å«¾© side dish
s ➙ r Å« 2660
s§ Å«¼« comprehensive; synthetic
s„š `„š to rule; control
R-2825 s P[ used in names
¾ ➙ p ²© 2319
¾n ²©éÌ destruction; demolition
R-2826 ¾›š k}›š destroy
A POTPOURRI OF READINGS MEANING 305
ê ➙ å Ãû 2903
êw ÃûЫ pinnacle; spire; steeple
R-2827 êš oRš come to a point
Þ ➙ Ý −û 2546
JÞ ²−û ³re; blaze
Þ †uP µames
R-2828 Þ †‹˜ µames
K ➙ T ¿í« 2409
R-2829 KTB ¿í«¿í«² collector
é ➙ è ´ï« 2240
R-2830 Àé À´ï« strenuous effort
ö ➙ û Úû 2529
ö/ ÛûÛû splendid form
ö HS used in namesö HS˜ used in names
R-2831 ö H“ used in names
u ➙ r%n ²© 2282
R-2832 uP ²©Ý· recovery
H ➙ Z ¿û 2436
H‹ ``‹ to advanceH HS used in namesH Ur used in names
R-2833 H •S used in names
306 MEANING A POTPOURRI OF READINGS
9 ➙ 6 ²û 2780
9î ²ûä· writing brush and ink
R-2834 9 “‰p™ copper pheasant
à ➙ * Ãû 2082
à U_ drawing of lots
R-2835 Ã Qao™ tally
E ➙ – Å%¿ï 2922
@E ²ûÅ written advice to the throne
R-2836 EJ LoJ distant; alienated
_UNCLASSIFIED READINGS_
The on yomi for this next group can be guessed at from theirmeaning. That is, the reading of another, more common char-acter of the same meaning supplies the reading. To help you,the character will often be supplied in each frame.
ê± 2900
êJm PJm in; atê HH Ah! (exclamation)ê LN used in namesê P used in names
The reading of this character was learned in volume II as
R-2837 the root character for the hiragana P.
A POTPOURRI OF READINGS MEANING 307
8 ¿ï· 2800
½8 ºË¿ï· lunar eclipse
R-2838 8‹ ‹^w‹ be worm eaten
0 Ð 2093
0r¸ Ðr²· anyhow; in any case
R-2839 0 L[T rabbit
Ú È© 2747
R-2840 ÚEI È©¼ç zest for life
» î« 2210
»¢ î«Àï indulgence; pardon
»Œš qgŒš soothe; pacify»` •š` forgive» `W used in names
R-2841 » Šœ used in names
Q »« 2148
R-2842 Q9 »«Ø© slope; gradient
9 ´û 2049
9` ´ûÀí« birds and beasts
R-2843 9 o™ bird
? ¼ %´û 2050
R-2844 n? òû¼ apple
308 UNCLASSIFIED READINGS A POTPOURRI OF READINGS
) Ø 2699
)I ØЫ denunciation; abuse
R-2845 )š uu^š verbally abuse
ª õ 2508
ªA õ²© oars
R-2846 ª “V˜ turret; tower
È À· 2642
R-2847 úÈ ÎûÀ· India; a foreign land
° «û 2102
R-2848 °/ «û«û etc., etc.
F ¿ % Ú 2891
R-2849 F [_ spoon
‡ ©û 2298
R-2850 ‡( ©ûñû debauchery; lewdness
ó Àí« 2657
R-2851 ó| Àí«Çû carpet
Ô ¿í« 2130
ÔŒš P[Œš cultivate; pursue
R-2852 Ô P[‹ used in names
A POTPOURRI OF READINGS UNCLASSIFIED READINGS 309
è ½ % ¿ë 2673
Vè ×·½ gauze; gossamer
R-2853 è L`Ts light silk
5 ´û 2888
5/5 ´û´ûÄû joyfully
5 “`^ used in names
R-2854 5 —^ used in names
= ´û 2396
R-2855 = b™ parsley
a ½û 2543
a5 ½ûÄû brilliance; radiance
R-2856 a˜Q HS˜Q clear
Z Å« 2855
Zr Å«²© refreshing
Z“Q [¡“Q refreshing; bracing
R-2857 Z [“ used in names
– Àë· 2878
Z– ·Àë· peacock; peahen
R-2858 – `aŒ sparrow
ê Úï« 2734
R-2859 êˆ Úï«àû sudden change
310 UNCLASSIFIED READINGS A POTPOURRI OF READINGS
@ ´û 2623
ˆ@ ²©´û open collar
R-2860 @ N™ collar
ó ð· 2079
R-2861 óG ð·É fertile land
Ø ð« 2078
Øœ ð«Àï fairy
R-2862 Ø^J H“^J dubious; ³shy
Y õ 2328
R-2863 Y[ õ² ³ltering
ê ´ï« 2275
R-2864 ꛚ Pd›š to fear
¥ ¼« 2857
R-2865 ¥J ¼«² world-destroying ³re
p Â%Éí« 2152
p{ ¿ miniature shrine
R-2866 pÛ Éí«ä« kitchen; galley
‘ ´íª 2936
‘ fW used in names
R-2867 ‘ fW^ used in names
A POTPOURRI OF READINGS UNCLASSIFIED READINGS 311
½ õ« 2638
|½ ©ûõ« pillbox
½Œš YŒš to load; ³ll up
R-2868 ½ QZ cage
¿ õ« 2983
R-2869 ¿¿p õ«³Ë»« school for the deaf
Πש 2458
R-2870 Îe ש³ germ; embryo bud
6 õ 2364
6Ú õΩ shoreline with reeds
R-2871 6 H^ reed
) Ы 2530
R-2872 ) PW bucket
ì Àï« 2394
R-2873 ì fW mushroom
› ¹© 2655
›K ¹©òí« mooring
R-2874 ›V kqV fasten; tie
Í ¿í« 2485
R-2875 Í yJ˜T holly tree
312 UNCLASSIFIED READINGS A POTPOURRI OF READINGS
¡ ´Ì 2175
¡3 ´Ì±û stammering
R-2876 ¡š p‘š stammer; stutter
$ Éï« 2736
$ä Éï«ð« pasting; af³xingR-2877 $š vš to stick; paste
x Éï« 2231
Àx ã«Éï« copy book printed from oldcalligraphy masters’ works
R-2878 x Éï« notebook
 ¿ï« 2273
‡ ¿ï«¹© short cut
ÂJ v“J fast [o^ used in names o^ used in names ‰[š used in names
R-2879 Â Qk used in names
Ïû 2817
R-2880 H• sweet smelt
ð Ö« 2883
6ð ÇûÖ« gallbladder
R-2881 ð |Uœ pouch; bag
A POTPOURRI OF READINGS UNCLASSIFIED READINGS 313
U Å« 2895
U– Å«¿ï anthology; collectionR-2882 U U[‹˜ clump of bushes; thicket
ê ¿ï« 2772
êÖÍ ¿ï«Óí«Ã´ stalactites
R-2883 ꉚ Hk‰š gather together
* ¿í 2467
*Œ ¿íÉï« swelling; boil
R-2884 *›š v›š become swollen
‡ ¿ 2209
‡/ ¿¿ assiduously
R-2885 ‡Œš koŒš work diligently
^ Ø· 2808
R-2886 ‚^ ×ûØ· refutation
ã ¹©%´ï« 2898
ãf ¹©ñ high court of³cials
R-2887 Šnã Á«´´ï« cardinal (Catholic)
‰ »«%·« 2465
S‰ »«·« oral (medicine)
‰ Q˜ empty; hollow
R-2888 ‰ Q˜g body
314 UNCLASSIFIED READINGS A POTPOURRI OF READINGS
] è%ä« 2961
öZ]Í ¿ë²èÓ Shakyamuni the Buddha
R-2889 ]‡š ‹[‡š covet; greed for
¹ ä« 2580
T¹ Å«ä« one’s eyes
R-2890 ¹ yoŠ pupil of the eye
‡ Á© 2850
‡« Á©Ã© comet
‡ †LS comet
R-2891 ‡ [o^ used in names
¡ Û%ç 2241
¡Ä Ûã« stopgap; temporizing¡^ ç½ Catholic mass
¡ J“ all the more; increasingly¡ “ used in names¡ ¡fš used in names¡ y[ used in names¡ yœ used in names¡ ‰` used in names
R-2892 ¡ Šk used in names
Š ¹© 2851
R-2893 ŠQ ¹©³û keen eye
á Õ 2601
R-2894 አյ ritual Shinto priest
A POTPOURRI OF READINGS UNCLASSIFIED READINGS 315
% » 2454
%ˆ »»« second self; right-hand helper
% ‰f crotch; groin
R-2895 % ‘‘ thigh; femur
¬ ä 2957
R-2896 ¬Ø äÈ© enlightenment (bodhi)
Ë ÷© 2862
Ë( ÷©´ï· distortion; falsi³cation
R-2897 Ë‹ •R‹ warp; get distorted
e Ýû 2537
e–h0 Ýû¿ï»«Àí burning Chinese classicsand burying Confucianscholars alive
eU fU kindle; build a ³re
R-2898 eU “U to burn
p ´ 2889
p5 ´Äû dauntless; resolute
p k—^ used in namesp Qf used in namesp fW^ used in namesp [g‹ used in namesp fQ used in namesp fW used in names
R-2899 p o^ used in names
316 UNCLASSIFIED READINGS A POTPOURRI OF READINGS
] òï« 2299
[] Ыòï« pillar; chief support
R-2900 ] v™ beam; girder
j Éí« 2748
R-2901 Ïj ¿ï«Éí« low-class saké
4 Ð 2195
Ð4 ¿ËÐ jealousy; envy
4‹ tf‹ be jealous; envy
R-2902 4U “U burn with jealousy
F Æ· 2654
R-2903 FM Æ·òí« millet seeds
² ¿ï« 2622
²T ¿ï«Ý· child by a concubine
R-2904 ² ŒQW concubine; mistress
b ½û 2561
R-2905 b@ ½û¼ coral
ç Ç· 2560
ç$ Ç·æ diligent application
ç H“ used in names
R-2906 ç fQ used in names
A POTPOURRI OF READINGS UNCLASSIFIED READINGS 317
V òï« 2920
V HS˜ used in namesV HS used in namesV `W used in namesV Qk used in namesV ‰Yo used in names
R-2907 V f`U used in names
å Ω 2425
R-2908 åb ΩÉï« courtesy; civility
Ð ¹û 2550
R-2909 У ¹ûé check; restraint
Á ÒÌ%Ò 2250
Á| ÒÌ©û af³xing a seal to
Á` P` press down
R-2910 Á o^ used in names
Q Ы 2901
R-2911 øQ Àï«Ð« conventional
M ×· 2145
Mºn ׷éÀíÌ taxidermy
R-2912 MV vV to peel off
Ê Û 2583
ªÊ òí«Û crescent eyebrows
R-2913 Ê ‰• eyebrows
318 UNCLASSIFIED READINGS A POTPOURRI OF READINGS
µ Ñû 2080
nµ à©Ñû annexation; absorption
R-2914 µ‹ u‹ to drink
Ñ Ã´ 2071
R-2915 ц ô© spinal cord
5 Çû 2679
R-2916 5Ëü– ÇûÛ¿íµ aestheticism
G ¿í« 2665
rG ¿¿í« embroidery
R-2917 G sJo™ crewelwork
» Ω 2073
(» ÎûΩ interspersion
»_š o_š bind; stitch
R-2918 »š klš to spell (words)
ù ñ 2691
R-2919 ùø† ñÃû¹© spiral-shaped; helical
= ½· 2507
= o™n fortress
R-2920 = ^R˜Š weir
§ ¿ï 2503
R-2921 § St pestle
A POTPOURRI OF READINGS UNCLASSIFIED READINGS 319
w Éï« 2982
R-2922 0w ±ûÉï« grace; divine favor
ð »« 2166
ðw »«Ð« kowtow
R-2923 ðU ffU to beat on
Í ¿Ì 2179
ÍÒ ¿Ëô reproof; reproach
R-2924 Íš ^Qš to scold
[ Å« 2215
R-2925 [† Å«Éï« Sung dynasty
ê Å·%½© 2214
wê à©Å· blockadeèê 䫽© barricade
êV |[V to block up
R-2926 ê o™n fortress
» õ« 2213
»% õ«ì prison; jail
R-2927 » yo“ prison
ô ²û 2194
ô° ²ûÌ« adultery
R-2928 ô^J Q^‰^J boisterous
320 UNCLASSIFIED READINGS A POTPOURRI OF READINGS
à Ç· 2168
à‹ kJw‹ to peck at
R-2929 àU ffU to beat on
2 Àí 2169
2k Àíêû curse; spell
R-2930 2L uœL to curse
é Ø© 2170
R-2931 éNš †Nš to bark
µ −© 2905
µJ −©É wisdom; intellect
µ˜Q HS˜Q clearµ HS˜ used in namesµ [o^ used in namesµ fg used in namesµ oPš used in namesµ o^ used in names
R-2932 µ ‰[ used in names
Ñ −û 2149
Ñ› −ûé pessimism; world-weariness
ÑSš HSš be fed up
R-2933 ÑL JoL loathe
Ð ã« 2142
ÐäP ã«Ãû² balsam; touch-me-not
Ð PPo™ great swan
R-2934 Ð fQ used in names
A POTPOURRI OF READINGS UNCLASSIFIED READINGS 321
l »« 2449
l5 »«Äû elated; triumphant
l fQ^ used in namesl HS˜ used in names
R-2935 l fQ used in names
¥ «Ì 2856
R-2936 ¾¥ î««Ì melancholy; depression
À » 2904
‹À Ñ«» copper boiler
R-2937 À k‡ pot
R ¿í« 2906
R˜ ¿í«Éï« chief; chieftain
R P[ chief; head
R-2938 R Q^˜ head
2 ¿ï· 2539
2M ¿ïË»« candlepower
R-2939 2 o‘^z torch
ñ Ï´ 2308
ñ( Ï´§© dotage; infatuation
R-2940 ñ›š P‡›š to sink; drown
u »« 2311
u5 »«Äû expansive; broadminded
u yœ^ used in names
322 UNCLASSIFIED READINGS A POTPOURRI OF READINGS
u yœ used in names
R-2941 u •fQ used in names
^ ¿Ì 2476
^² ¿ËÜ lined up close together
R-2942 ^ U^ comb
À õ« 2688
R-2943 À2 õ«Å· candle
ù Ãû 2616
ùZn Ãû»«´ drill press
R-2944 ùk LRk to bore; drill
˜ ³© 2592
˜{ ³©¿ insulator
R-2945 ˜Xš [‰fXš to obstruct
e ¿í· 2141
er kor early in the morning
R-2946 eJ v“J early
m Úû 2551
m+ ÚûØ a mare
R-2947 m Œ` female
* ä 2552
*# äÇû tree peony
R-2948 * P` male
A POTPOURRI OF READINGS UNCLASSIFIED READINGS 323
P ³û 2576
R-2949 7P ש³û lung cancer
7 Çû 2683
R-2950 7RÖ ÇûÙ·¿Ì protein
´ õ« 2558
B´ Þõ« ridicule
R-2951 ´} ‘mHd} to toy with
Å −û 2325
ÅÑ −ûΩ bottom of the abyss
R-2952 Å |h deep pool
u ©Ì 2315
u» ©Ë¹Ì internal hemorrhage
R-2953 u›š H|›š to overµow
Ç ã« 2377
Çe 㫳 germination; sprout
Ç` S]` show signs ofÇ ŒwN budÇNš ‘Nš burst into bloomÇ ‘N used in names
R-2954 Ç H used in names
‰ Ñ« 2379
R-2955 F‰ ÞÑ« grapes
324 UNCLASSIFIED READINGS A POTPOURRI OF READINGS
œ ¹© 2698
R-2956 œ— ¹©¿ lined paper
÷ ¿ë· 2764
÷ü ¿ë·Àï« a priest’s staff
R-2957 ÷ `a tin
a Àû 2838
a† Àû²© dust; garbage
R-2958 a h™ dust
— ¹© 2088
—ò ¹©» practice; training
R-2959 —Nš Q¥RNš to ponder
¤ ´Ì 2494
$¤{ ²û´Ìó© citrus fruits
R-2960 ¤ fhwq mandarin orange
É Ã´ 2882
R-2961 VÉ ¿ûô relatives
M Å 2380
R-2962 M´ Åé revival; resurrection
ç Ω 2865
ç� ΩÈû tripartite talks
R-2963 ç QqN tripod
A POTPOURRI OF READINGS UNCLASSIFIED READINGS 325
Q Å 2065
R-2964 Q taŠ rat
˜ з 2606
˜w зЫ baldness; bald head
˜ vX bald
R-2965 ˜ Q‹œ short hair of a child
« Å«%Á 2403
R-2966 « “} thicket
` Ýû 2174
R-2967 Ù` ÃËßû kiss
¸ −© 2193
R-2968 ¸− −©À infant
ë ²û 2123
ë/#/ ²û²û³·³· outspoken
ëJ k—J used in namesë HS˜ used in namesë fg^ used in namesë qP used in names
R-2969 ë “` used in names
^ ½Ì%½û 2271
^v ½ûÁ© watering; sprinkling
R-2970 ^U ‰U to scatter
326 UNCLASSIFIED READINGS A POTPOURRI OF READINGS
Ö ½%¿ë 2914
3Ö ±û½ tuning forkšÖ ì¿ë she-devil
R-2971 Ö ‰f fork; crotch
¬ ¼« 2729
¬3 ¼«±û deafening roar
R-2972 ¬U opœU to roar; rumble
¡ ´í« 2063
õ¡ ÈË´í« dislocation
R-2973 ¡ L` mortar
d ³ 2909
‘Wdã µï«Àí«³¾ the 4 cardinal Buddhistactivities: walking, stop-ping, sitting, lying
R-2974 d` |` lie prostrate
f Àû 2453
R-2975 fˆ ÀûÆ« kidney
O ½Ì 2956
R-2976 O#— ½ÌæJ‘ sweet potato
” êû 2775
”á êûÄÌ faint; fall in convulsions
R-2977 ”Nš ‘gNš be in agony
A POTPOURRI OF READINGS UNCLASSIFIED READINGS 327
² º´ 2426
�² ²ûº´ gap; opening; crevice
² `S chink; crack
R-2978 ² y‰ chink; time
N ¿í« 2707
PN Ý·¿í« revenge
R-2979 N Hg foe
Õ Éí« 2464
R-2980 Õ y_ elbow
Å õ· 2463
Å¿ õË»Ì ribs
R-2981 Å Hw˜ ribs
… áÌ 2390
¦… ¹©áÌ derision
R-2982 …‹ [X`‹ to deride
à −û 2869
àÅR −ûÛÝ· swallow-tailed coat
R-2983 à kwŒ swallow
™ ³© 2388
ú™ Îû³© canopy
™ |f lid
R-2984 ™L PPL to cover over
328 UNCLASSIFIED READINGS A POTPOURRI OF READINGS
0 Ãû 2774
0M Ãû»« µash of light
R-2985 0U y˜ŒU to µash; fulgurate
h Ýû 2653
h“ Ýûáû excrement
R-2986 h Ud dung
/ ¿ï· 2254
Y/ ÝË¿ï· sweep away; wipe out
/L sVL wipe off
R-2987 /U |U wipe
Ý ó 2221
ݵ óÀ in succession
R-2988 Ý ^w^w frequently
ˆ ©û 2921
9ˆ »«©û descendant
ˆ ft issue; offspringˆ Qa used in namesˆ kT used in names
R-2989 ˆ kV used in names
V © 2881
XV Ы© eastern barbarians
R-2990 V Nz` barbarian
A POTPOURRI OF READINGS UNCLASSIFIED READINGS 329
± õ 2866
±³ õ²· capture
R-2991 ± ^P rock salt
/ Ãû 2407
R-2992 / HQt madder; red dye
 㫠2549
R-2993 Ë ²Ëå« cooking
ä ä« 2385
ä% 䫱· thatched cottage
ä Q“ miscanthus reed
R-2994 ä h used in names
ê δ 2272
sê ØËδ select; choose
R-2995 ê¥nš sS¥nš excel; surpass
œ Éï· 2269
Zœ ¿ûÉï· progress; advance
R-2996 œš vQpš to progress
º Ò 2960
*º ÈûÒ master; husband
R-2997 º o‘ used in names
330 UNCLASSIFIED READINGS A POTPOURRI OF READINGS
¾ È 2804
R-2998 Á¾ ÚÈ area in Gifu Prefecture
 −© 2790
R-2999 Âõ −©ÈÌ gain recognition
ú ±« 2907
R-3000 ú LVJ` Japanese bush warbler
‹ î« 2087
‹] î«ÞÌ something superior
R-3001 ‹‘ ‘jo‘ reasonable; of course
å ä« 2733
R-3002 6å Äûä« overview; full picture
â ´ï« 2892
â f`U used in namesâ ‰[ used in names
R-3003 â fg^ used in names
ó ä· 2612
R-3004 ó/ ä·ä· quiet; dutiful
d Éï« 2893
d v_Œ used in namesd o^ used in names
R-3005 d vk used in names
A POTPOURRI OF READINGS UNCLASSIFIED READINGS 331
m Éï 2526
R-3006 mÞs Éïä©É game played with one die
Q »« 2070
R-3007 Q [kS 5th lunar month; rainy season
q ©· 2424
q H“ used in namesq Q used in namesq QP™ used in namesq QPš used in names
R-3008 q |Š used in names
8 Ð 2500
8’ ÐÀ saké maker
8 ‘™ woods
R-3009 8š o_š to close
! Îû 2663
!q Îûéû involvement; entanglement
!¡š ‰k¡š coil around; follow about
R-3010 !L ‰oL attire oneself
ƒ ê« 2384
}ƒü– ¹©ê«¿íµ Enlightenment (European)
R-3011 ƒš YL‹š be subjected to; suffer loss
j ½û 2798
R-3012 Jj Žû plain meal
332 UNCLASSIFIED READINGS A POTPOURRI OF READINGS
0 »« 2896
,0 ¿í»« food and drink
R-3013 0 [Qq tidbits; relish
Ö Ã´ 2593
Ö¿ ô³· erudite scholar
Ö Šh used in namesÖ Škš used in names
R-3014 Ö yœ used in names
J ½Ì 2261
R-3015 )J §©½Ì greetings; salutations
ˆ ¿ 2890
ˆƒ ¿²© this world; this ³eld
R-3016 ˆ Yu this
/ Çû 2317
/5 ÇûÄû overµowing
R-3017 /Nš ffNš ³ll up
õ ½©%é 2069
õ ½© rhinoceros
R-3018 …õ ê·Ã© devilwood tree
2 ´û 2101
+2 Ý´û rag; cloth
R-3019 2 vw width; breadth; range
A POTPOURRI OF READINGS UNCLASSIFIED READINGS 333
l ÎÌ 2201
l§ ÎËÅû grand-neice
R-3020 l ŒJ neice
3 Éû 2472
3Ç Éûô pillow and bed
R-3021 3 ‰U˜ pillow
H · 2124
R-3022 HÁH ·ñÞ club
î ºû 2723
šî Æ·ºû common saying
R-3023 î Yo¡] maxim; proverb
Å ¹û 2163
ÅX ¹û² a quarrel
Å^J Q‰z`^J noisy
R-3024 Å^J “Q‰^J noisy
³ ²· 2249
³‹ kQ‹ grab; grasp
R-3025 ³Š kQŠ a handful
z ²© 2924
/z ¿í²© ringleader
z [SRW vanguardz Q^˜ chief; leaderz J[P used in names
334 UNCLASSIFIED READINGS A POTPOURRI OF READINGS
z J[‹ used in names
R-3026 z ko‹ used in names
Ô ð 2860
ÔÇ ðõû public opinion
R-3027 Ô Y^ palanquin; bier
¸ ¿ë 2517
R-3028 ¸ kX box tree
C © 2937
Cr `nr already; yetC‹ “‹ stop; quit
R-3029 C Š used in names
b ÉÌ 2684
R-3030 bÊ ÉË´ï staying indoors
ú ¿ 2992
øú ½©¿ religious service
R-3031 úš ‰kš worship; enshrine
$ ÝÌ 2993
@$ ¿í«ÝÌ Shinto puri³cation
R-3032 $L v˜L purify; exorcise
− ´ï· 2938
¡− ¹©´ï· thorns; brambles
R-3033 − oX thorns
A POTPOURRI OF READINGS UNCLASSIFIED READINGS 335
È É 2740
&È ÎûÉ fall head-over-heels
R-3034 ÈU k‰aU stumble
G ä« 2089
GØ ä«È© enormous
R-3035 GSJ PPSJ large
f ´í« 2156
fw ´í«²© admonition; a warning
fŒš oRŒš rebuke; criticize; challenge
R-3036 f oR fault; blame
d Çû 2620
od à©Çû impedimenta
R-3037 dk fk come to a stop
´ Àí«%Àí 2939
´% ¿í«ñ· colony
R-3038 ´‰š Hk‰š gather
ß ½· 2066
ùß Ãû½· sorting; delving into
R-3039 ß uŠ chisel
B Ý 2930
Bn ÝÀíÌ shamanism
R-3040 B ŠY Shinto priestess
336 UNCLASSIFIED READINGS A POTPOURRI OF READINGS
5 Úï« 2428
5S Úï«© possession (by a spirit)
5Q›š kQ›š be possessed
R-3041 5U kU obsess; possess
Þ ½Ì%ÃÌ 2144
eÞ é©½Ì famous temple
R-3042 Þº ÃÌÒ an instant; a moment
8 ´ 2067
8© ´Åû damage; injury
R-3043 8›š Y‡›š be broken
— ´ï« 2837
—/ ´ï«¿í decapitation
R-3044 — |UœL an owl
Î òû 2138
Î/ òûòû intense
Î^J Sz^J severe
R-3045 ÎJ [‹J cold
+ ä« 2435
R-3046 + `wš the Pleiades
H ½û%¾û 2083
R-3047 Ht ½ûº%¾ûº confession; repentance
A POTPOURRI OF READINGS UNCLASSIFIED READINGS 337
™ ¿ï« 2933
™& ¿ï«² µy; cover
R-3048 ™š QWš µy; soar
) Å« 2288
@‡)Í qkŒÅ«Ã´ Natsume Sõseki (novelist)
)U UhddV rinse one’s moutht
R-3049 )V ``V rinse out
z Á© 2863
R-3050 z Šp™ used in names
m ½© 2131
R-3051 m bR› one’s own son
² ä« %ã« 2181
²5 ä«Äû amazement%² §ã idiot; fool
R-3052 ²›š HS›š be astonished
Ç Éí« 2996
R-3053 ÇÃ Éí«Éï vacillation; hesitation
e Ы 2598
te ´Ð« prayer
R-3054 eš Juš to pray
338 UNCLASSIFIED READINGS A POTPOURRI OF READINGS
B Å· 2153
Bl Å·Þû learn by hearsay
R-3055 BQ †uQ faint; indistinct
Ä Éï« 2171
Ä™ k™ hanging strap
R-3056 Äš kš to hang; suspend
× ´ï« 2173
×L QqL be able; be realized×L QuL used in names
R-3057 × “` used in names
Ë î« 2180
Ë^ î«Àû townsfolk
Ë ‹˜ townË Ur used in namesË [o^ used in names
R-3058 Ë `Š used in names
º ¿ï« 2238
º% ¿ï«ì squire
º fJ˜ used in names
R-3059 º ‰[ used in names
) §© 2248
R-3060 )J §©½Ì greetings; salutations
A POTPOURRI OF READINGS UNCLASSIFIED READINGS 339
Ã Õ 2331
R-3061 Ãæ Õ×û nirvana
ã Å« 2389
R-3062 ã tT onion
, ´ 2391
, HPJ hollyhock; mallow
R-3063 , ‰‘š used for names
G ¿ë 2414
G“ ¿ë×û such; of this kind
R-3064 GL vL to crawl
, é%Ä©%¿ï« 2521
R-3065 , d™ sled
… © 2563
…Ö Â©¿ï« good omen
… Ša water
R-3066 … f‰ used in names
Ø ÚÌ 2570
Ø‚ ÚË´ï« in the ³nal analysis
Ør kJr in the end
R-3067 Ø¡š P¡š to end
340 UNCLASSIFIED READINGS A POTPOURRI OF READINGS
Ý Å« 2617
V Q‰p furnace; ovenV Q‰ stove
R-3068 V ƒjkJ hearth
³ à© 2678
À³ ¿ï«à© summons; invitation
R-3069 ³` Œ` to call; summons
ø Àíû 2706
ø/ ÀíûÀíû repeatedly; patiently
øœ t¥Zœ politeø Hk^ used in namesø o‘ used in names
R-3070 ø ‰Yo used in names
l Á%¿í 2722
lË Á÷ area in Nagano Prefecture
R-3071 lš vQš to confer; consult
Q · 2809
R-3072 QWš QWš to set off
á õ 2810
R-3073 á+ õØ donkey
¦ −û 2836
R-3074 ¦ o(¥)z falcon kite
A POTPOURRI OF READINGS UNCLASSIFIED READINGS 341
ô ´ 2827
R-3075 ô y› ³n
¬ ±«%ð« 2830
R-3076 ¬` ±«è parrot
â ±« 2835
R-3077 â Q‘ duck
Ü Ð%Ы 2854
R-3078 Ü Q}o helmet
õ äÌ 2858
õ| äË´ erection
R-3079 õš PYš to occur; arise
â Úï« 2876
â HS˜ used in namesâ H“ used in namesâ fW^ used in names
R-3080 â k—^ used in names
) é 2884
R-3081 ) p¥}™ rice bowl
Ì ¹û 2917
Ìc ¹ûÀí« hand gun
Ì Y}^ ³st
342 UNCLASSIFIED READINGS A POTPOURRI OF READINGS
Ì fQ^ used in names
R-3082 Ì ko‹ used in names
Ä ô© 2935
Äg ô©é© dawn
ÄJ PPJ a covering
R-3083 ÄJ fŠ used in names
ˆ © 2997
Bˆ ¼© glossary
ˆ v™taŠ hedgehog
R-3084 ˆŒš HkŒš to gather together
+ ´í« 2064
R-3085 + ^”Lo father-in-law
¨ ¿ï 2665
R-3086 ¨ Sz (Chinese) millet
5 ò 2511
54 ò² under a plum; conspicuous
R-3087 5 `‘‘ Japanese plum
× áÌ 3000
×x áË»« turtle shell
R-3088 × `jˆ¥ snapping turtle
A POTPOURRI OF READINGS UNCLASSIFIED READINGS 343
CHAPTER 12
Kanji with JapaneseReadings Only
We conclude with a chapter that brings together all the charac-ters learned in this volume that do not have an assigned on-yomi or whose on-yomi are too rare to bother with. In caseswhere the reading is based on a foreign word or an originalChinese reading, the reading is set in katakana.
¨ 2204
R-3089 ¨ Lw aged woman
A 2801
R-3090 A HŒ candy; rice jelly
G 2625
R-3091 G H¡b lined kimono
c 2640
R-3092 c v^ chopsticks
Ç 2509
R-3093 Ç Q^ oak
I 2604
R-3094 I vQ™ balances; scales
¿ 2709
R-3095 ¿ qe riddle; hint
 2520
 y gutter; downspout; aqueduct
R-3096 Â oJ gutter; downspout; aqueduct
Ú 2785
R-3097 Ú Qw¥ suitcase; briefcase
Æ 2491
R-3098 Æ Q^ oak
z 2813
R-3099 z J¡^ sardine
‘ 2651
R-3100 ‘ ‘Š unhulled rice
, 2946
R-3101 , ´õé2Ðó kilometer
ñ 2763
R-3102 ñ z–L rivet; tack; thumbnail
KANJI WITH JAPANESE READINGS ONLY 345
Ð 2147
ÐL rPL to smell something
R-3103 ÐJ rPJ a smell; a stink
½ 2140
½ qT a lull; a calm
R-3104 ½V qV become calm; die down
í 2139
R-3105 í fY kite
/ 2490
R-3106 / [QS sacred Shinto tree
5 2489
R-3107 5 ‰[S spindle tree
: 2947
R-3108 : ÃûÉé2Ðó centimeter
² 2488
² kR hemlock; hemlock spruce
R-3109 ² oR hemlock; hemlock spruce
“ 2528
R-3110 “ `T Japanese cedar
Ê 2216
R-3111 Ê ^^ meat
346 KANJI WITH JAPANESE READINGS ONLY
f 2965
R-3112 f Uk¡ horse’s bit
æ 2243
R-3113 æ Q• rice gruel
ø 2413
R-3114 øš fpš pursue a course
7 2818
R-3115 7 H_ horse mackerel
C 2894
R-3116 C ‰œ used in personal names
ò 2404
ò yš garlic
R-3117 Øò r¥rU garlic
H 2685
R-3118 H vN µy
? 2206
? Ht older sister
R-3119 ? tN[¥ Miss
È 2502
R-3120 È Q_ oar; shaft
KANJI WITH JAPANESE READINGS ONLY 347
y 2695
R-3121 y v‰V™ clam
Õ 2400
R-3122 Õ ¡˜ straw
ß 2671
R-3123 ß ^‰ stripe
’ 2737
’L ‘˜L get; receive; accept
R-3124 ’ ‘˜J tip; gratuity
§ 2397
R-3125 § o‰ rush matting
ª 2323
R-3126 ª oœ pool (in a river)
Ö 2822
R-3127 Ö QkP bonito
W 2444
W` [˜` bleach; re³ne; air (out)
R-3128 W [˜^ bleaching; bleached cotton
U 2821
R-3129 U [Œ shark
348 KANJI WITH JAPANESE READINGS ONLY
Ð 2514
R-3130 Ð NuS thackberry; lotus tree
è 2387
R-3131 èš Qš mow (grass)
ü 2819
R-3132 ü f˜ cod³sh
4 2816
R-3133 4 ‰Vœ tunny; tuna
^ 2825
R-3134 ^ |q carp
Ø 2157
R-3135 ØU [[“U to whisper
¬ 2208
R-3136 ¬‹ v˜‹ to conceive; get pregnant
} 2132
R-3137 }` q` to cause to happen
U 2350
R-3138 U JhZ strawberry
KANJI WITH JAPANESE READINGS ONLY 349
Ô 2868
R-3139 Ô ÓÀí« twenty
Ñ 2047
R-3140 Ñ yX beard; moustache
Æ 2072
R-3141 Æ q¡m path between rice paddies
Ú 2081
R-3142 Ú r˜ garlic chives
E 2091
R-3143 Eš Hš some one; a particular
Ð 2098
R-3144 Ð yS counter for animals
A 2125
R-3145 A ‰‰ as is; as one likes
9 2127
R-3146 9 ‰f crotch; thigh; fork in a road
− 2161
R-3147 − L¡[ rumour; gossip
350 KANJI WITH JAPANESE READINGS ONLY
á 2172
R-3148 á‹ Q‹ to chew; to bite
w 2176
R-3149 w vq^ talk; story; tale
V 2182
VL UL eat; drink; receive a blow
R-3150 V˜L U˜L eat; drink; receive a blow
: 2220
R-3151 : ^™ buttocks; hips
g 2232
R-3152 g vf pennant; banner
S 2256
SS [wS dealing; selling
R-3153 SU [wU to handle; deal with
™ 2258
R-3154 ™š `š make a rubbing; imprint
÷ 2330
÷ —p pool (in a river); backwater
R-3155 ÷‹ —p‹ stagnate
KANJI WITH JAPANESE READINGS ONLY 351
} 2347
R-3156 } fwY tobacco
¾ 2353
R-3157 ¾ qV mow down
R 2354
R-3158 R Šu straw raincoat
Ö 2405
R-3159 Ö ¡˜z bracken; fernbrake
@ 2421
R-3160 @ ‰n up until; by
³ 2483
R-3161 ³ Wf beam; girder;
Ÿ 2596
R-3162 Ÿ L` pedal-operated mortar
÷ 2618
R-3163 ÷ fm vertical; upright
Ù 2639
R-3164 Ù ^u type of small bamboo
352 KANJI WITH JAPANESE READINGS ONLY
î 2690
R-3165 î fY octopus
ó 2696
R-3166 ó yš leech
Ô 2721
Ôz ¡z excuse; apology
R-3167 Ôzš ¡zš apologize; make an excuse
 2757
R-3168 Â q„ cooking pot; kettle
¬ 2767
R-3169 ¬ “™ spear; lance
š 2773
R-3170 š v[Š scissors
Ë 2778
R-3171 Ë ^aU droplet; trickle
É 2823
R-3172 É Q_Q bullhead
A 2826
R-3173 A `^ sushi
KANJI WITH JAPANESE READINGS ONLY 353
š 2832
R-3174 š LL cormorant
ø 2875
øL LQRL spy onøS ueS a peep; a glimpse
R-3175 øU ueU to peep; to peek
j 2916
R-3176 j vfW ³eld; farm
Ò2942
R-3177 Ò ^kW teaching manners
þ 2945
R-3178 þš ffš put a curse on; haunt
V 2948
V çò millimeter
R-3179 V çòé2Ðó millimeter
’ 2952
R-3180 ’ ©ûÉ inch
c 2953
R-3181 c ݨ2Рfeet
R 2820
R-3182 R [w mackerel
354 KANJI WITH JAPANESE READINGS ONLY
CHAPTER 13
Readings of Old& Alternate Forms
The readings of the old and alternate forms of kanji learned inchapter 6 keep the same readings as their simpli³ed forms. Forthe sake of completeness, all readings that have not appeared inthe foregoing chapters of Part Two given are recorded here.Note that two of these characters (N and 4) have beenassigned “of³cial” readings for use in names.
å º© 2352
kå Þûº© the literary arts
R-3183 å ¡] skill; performance
¹ ±« 2999
¹1 ±«Ð nausea
R-3184 ¹U vU to spit up
V Àí%¿í« 2995
˜V Éï«Àí longevity
R-3185 V Yo}S felicitations
ç »· 2988
çB »Ë² nation; state
R-3186 ç Ur country
T Ы 2976
–T ôËЫ archipelago
R-3187 T ^‰ island
å −û 2974
Nå »«−û public park
R-3188 å du park; garden
P òí«%òï« 2981
PwíÅ òí«Ð«ÈÛ good start, bad ³nish; anticlimax
PH± ò﫧ûÀ Temple of the Reclining Dragon (famous for its rock
R-3189 garden)
… 2964
R-3190 ➙ see FRAME R-2333
b Ы 2972
b× Ð«È© lighthouse
b HQ™ bright lightb` o‘` set alight
R-3191 b y torch; ³re
6 ³· 2987
[6 ½û³· mountains and peaks
R-3192 6 fW peak; point
356 OLD & ALTERNATE FORMS
N ³û 2978
âN ð«³û molten lava
N J¡ rock; used in namesN J¡P used in namesN Šh used in names
R-3193 N Št used in names
V Àí«%ÀíË 2968
4V ¼Àí« ³fty
R-3194 V( ÀíËÎû ten points
4 ¼ 2967
4V ¼Àí« ³fty
R-3195 4 UŠ squadron; used for names
¸ ã« 2977
¸™ ã«Éï« top of a peak
R-3196 ¸ Št mountain summit
J ²û 2980
o–J пï²û library
R-3197 J “Qf manor
ð ð· 2984
ðÝ ð·ä« craving; appetite
ð`š †j`š to desire
R-3198 ð^J †^J welcome; wished for
OLD & ALTERNATE FORMS 357
W −û 2966
R-3199 ➙ see FRAME R-2952
ï ì 2979
ï� ì¿û wild; undomesticated
R-3200 ï u ³eld
Ñ »« 2985
Ñ™ ¡f™ crossing
R-3201 Ñš ¡fš to cross over
358 OLD & ALTERNATE FORMS
1 _
s 1
+ 71
2 _
Ì 7
s 91
Ì 2
G 9
ì 686
^ 951
× 779
k 8
M 83
j 858
0 444
Y 10
í 2103
: 696
U 97
3 _
4 50
ø 1648
î 681
X 3
ï 691
� 64
Ò 1246
î 1214
˜ 2094
K 44
± 1016
´ 688
æ 40
Ó 485
þ 62
` 84
ð 68
î 49
Ö 2914
F 462
¸ 1231
÷ 525
L 2042
C 2937
S 11
w 319
F 150
Ï 109
Ø 107
· 105
œ 98
{ 95
š 45
[ 768
ë 127
^ 76
2 2101
4 _
÷ 255
b 1904
2 5
3 757
ú 428
# 1217
& 838
’ 1828
# 637
© 42
¬ 2033
Ò 1215
z 1913
œ 2040
9 1510
° 2102
â 59
k 1725
¾ 490
 6
k 250
Ä 1587
5 1008
² 2114
V 2968
_ 988
[ 964
N 784
5 1274
_ 781
ò 300
Ò 1811
# 2038
» 1019
Q 2148
Ð 2147
‰ 1049
— 1027
² 447
J 1696
INDEX 1
NUMBER OF STROKES
Index 1 includes all the kanji covered in volumes I, II, and III,arranged according to number of strokes and radical. Page refer-ences are to the frame in which the kanji was first introduced. Tolocate the reading frame for kanji from volume I, use Index 5 involume II. Frames in Part One and Part Three of this volume arealready cross-referenced to Part Two.
Ï 1695
† 711
‹ 2087
º 704
Œ 370
‚ 722
£ 1415
B 2153
{ 765
T 697
Ð 1593
5 568
ç 1488
à 1490
ú 2096
× 85
_ 39
Ñ 238
° 120
¸ 106
Z 96
ñ 1070
… 1232
{ 1233
å 1862
Ô 1190
� 595
ú 1076
7 1177
4 1125
Õ 12
Q 578
½ 13
J 161
v 130
… 195
µ 466
à 727
‰ 1212
È 245
m 1806
5 _
= 93
é 1031
* 256
› 28
± 379
Í 113
m 1020
r 1484
= 217
J 216
P 1028
½ 132
Ð 2098
« 1877
° 1329
R 37
s 1863
Ç 35
Ë 856
½ 1086
é 1383
} 412
ü 266
C 431
| 1401
n 960
o 2113
ä 986
¬ 961
Ö 1005
$ 1000
} 1202
î 1740
á 1247
Õ 2034
G 1826
ä 1181
í 2139
í 33
¢ 34
ª 86
; 867
I 65
± 530
“ 78
ò 16
Ù 77
+ 405
ç 48
9 152
× 744
– 742
^ 1225
Ï 845
´ 1555
¢ 1220
W 1834
¬ 2208
× 2173
Í 2179
ð 2166
| 103
¦ 1242
t 692
ï 53
v 4
8 1018
É 750
‘ 111
‰ 297
K 427
G 702
¹ 1316
: 2220
Í 1054
e 1234
m 767
O 863
_ 1241
î 1650
× 1378
b 739
z 591
™ 2041
¸ 653
Y 738
^ 140
Ú 2312
ˆ 2301
‹ 1414
Á 780
¹ 279
Œ 284
× 635
Ê 1138
x 1113
M 1117
* 30
Æ 1105
ä 131
M 212
û 211
) 2884
ˆ 1087
1 1757
, 14
µ 802
V 1447
‡ 15
ë 445
ª 101
6 _
V 2881
ç 1815
‘ 815
› 753
¿ 818
» 1602
ß 38
3 693
X 1168
Ñ 2985
Ò 32
» 1448
T 183
U 1861
À 36
â 41
Î 355
h 396
n 1519
H 1275
X 761
x 487
l 752
Y 375
§ 253
372 INDEX 1: NUMBER OF STROKES
6 263
Q 1161
6 966
Z 2122
³ 965
þ 1701
¾ 959
4 2967
` 956
) 963
Û 1003
q 994
N 962
Ý 2853
? 128
| 180
Ò 1022
e 2141
½ 2140
µ 471
t 235
y 67
Š 455
â 2892
¨ 1693
$ 685
¦ 684
À 79
‚ 168
] 2961
ð 2919
8 1965
q 1885
$ 221
æ 1036
, 458
[ 1416
5 1753
m 1154
4 27
’ 2952
¡ 2175
µ 689
ä 1508
Ä 2171
1 151
ƒ 583
n 586
: 582
Ÿ 320
‚ 155
± 158
G 515
− 108
e 112
ª 291
M 119
ê 2903
c 1153
— 862
Y 99
Ø 100
¨ 527
H 190
” 1656
° 185
! 186
á 1916
e 1071
H 2242
„ 406
– 1333
º 2238
y 1655
Ü 1216
Å 353
‘ 873
æ 547
Ú 618
; 690
â 2264
½ 2322
ë 1245
* 1651
s 139
à 110
K 516
Ë 2303
‰ 2327
— 2415
… 285
ø 2413
h 280
@ 2421
X 321
» 2848
( 1172
f 26
h 66
Å 2463
a 165
h 210
» 1243
ð 207
 2043
– 812
m 2551
å 248
| 1425
ß 1795
{ 679
† 1252
¾ 1251
¨ 361
U 937
y 919
– 573
¡ 2063
J 1868
g 517
¾ 3006
7 _
× 3001
! 1809
¼ 934
7 17
n 694
3 1565
– 1664
q 1440
© 1427
§ 1218
¡ 2097
û 1884
B 2930
d 1468
a 640
˜ 1391
X 1248
µ 2080
o 1331
− 58
S 848
L 1588
â 2844
Ñ 1657
R 955
7 1012
8 2115
Õ 952
6 1142
p 1864
« 1029
W 954
; 1118
¿ 957
ñ 953
µ 2111
È 1831
L 967
{ 1203
· 2126
} 2112
ú 788
Ô 1240
) 2134
™ 2137
ƒ 1404
| 1205
ƒ 90
l 1694
ó 2008
„ 866
¸ 1812
d 1489
E 1589
r 467
` 2174
é 2170
c 2953
] 603
6 1897
INDEX 1: NUMBER OF STROKES 373
˜ 1279
Í 262
² 2181
Ë 2180
¨ 24
U 1807
Å 579
o 1180
t 457
ƒ 600
¹ 1896
Ó 1743
{ 384
� 323
1 160
W 306
* 723
Ö 492
© 1395
¥ 2857
¿ 2538
û 298
Ü 114
‰ 2199
" 865
Ü 507
× 491
U 123
Ø 2078
‡ 2209
õ 187
Á 1320
] 2212
Ê 2216
[ 2215
» 2213
& 1066
Ù 1053
Å 1915
Ö 2218
y 528
f 599
c 772
ó 167
k 330
ñ 607
Ÿ 1594
» 592
© 2236
Ó 508
6 2364
P 1009
† 2376
è 2387
= 2396
© 421
T 2368
* 2386
9 2361
Æ 493
p 1162
“ 1462
¤ 884
) 1422
r 1642
Œ 712
h 648
¿ 647
Û 1130
ã 1074
V 706
û 1752
s 705
− 649
0 839
d 2246
ñ 1700
f 2274
! 138
r 1886
· 1641
Ü 2296
± 2316
å 1072
¢ 1888
± 2326
ö 707
ó 2079
™ 2293
ñ 260
+ 1294
è 1302
º 2960
C 1129
ª 1702
‘ 725
! 239
Ý 597
Ù 596
w 676
Œ 1081
Á 1726
! 2441
: 1649
Õ 2464
à 2459
ó 2544
O 203
5 2511
% 683
ò 2510
ü 2504
’ 1713
ª 208
8 2500
µ 728
* 2552
² 247
Í 1848
† 1711
[ 1253
_ 1533
L 2565
´ 2558
ç 1092
C 859
‰ 92
Ø 57
š 1782
Š 404
• 902
& 914
˜ 2606
2 906
Y 1496
° 104
± 860
( 72
í 335
Š 54
ë 286
= 173
8 _
c 1170
ë 1889
ª 1156
X 504
` 1902
À 1330
s 1582
0 2093
@ 2928
. 377
p 759
Œ 1523
Ø 308
Ù 312
P 1276
¢ 1025
| 486
š 1037
à 316
f 1400
S 971
9 1603
: 970
ë 2123
Ú 1796
Û 2107
I 2109
q 990
¬ 976
B 989
n 1030
‚ 972
X 3002
# 2095
A 2125
þ 1961
: 317
ø 1827
± 1521
374 INDEX 1: NUMBER OF STROKES
H 1069
r 417
£ 418
Þ 2144
á 872
Ÿ 73
d 718
ß 51
Z 1720
¾ 1901
o 1972
0 2896
ó 1485
2 2169
I 219
ô 580
³ 581
a 1505
Æ 2184
& 2188
¿ 1486
f 2156
Õ 2055
` 126
¹ 1094
ú 1196
¹ 184
? 2206
õ 2205
x 747
y 413
¥ 1557
4 2195
) 220
y 2872
= 1417
ö 1271
Š 1783
W 1317
× 1572
; 1100
a 1109
Ï 382
£ 1319
µ 257
Ê 1063
a 1060
¥ 1110
æ 1386
¡ 2241
M 1653
R 770
N 1115
x 2231
Ñ 1833
ü 588
, 1002
º 2234
× 392
Ä 1741
ä 1419
Q 2373
R 2372
e 1905
ä 2385
N 225
Ÿ 715
ø 223
Î 2356
§ 2397
ï 234
w 360
‰ 2382
U 2350
^ 2348
} 2347
ð 880
‡ 882
¦ 881
ª 883
u 1785
s 716
ê 2275
§ 1558
/ 623
† 2278
ò 1114
x 656
¬ 740
Ì 857
Í 669
i 654
À 650
Ø 769
ä 651
( 668
c 1106
Ö 1832
0 1564
O 652
° 805
» 645
; 644
¾ 136
Û 795
I 146
¾ 432
ð 145
¸ 746
Ë 137
f 267
è 1055
# 803
Q 147
³ 636
Z 1237
À 751
Á 533
? 218
± 1107
« 2294
K 2341
! 2342
À 2343
' 2344
¾ 2346
% 1295
O 1780
¼ 2955
A 1303
o 1524
ä 1841
ö 847
W 282
# 2412
Z 2959
½ 2431
b 602
ç 1590
E 2091
× 1077
‹ 1127
Û 1078
à 1729
5 2888
ê 2900
½ 496
^ 1051
ó 2450
F 1121
l 2449
Ì 448
à 43
Ä 25
g 20
% 2454
ˆ 2469
™ 714
» 1756
R 1399
¿ 19
â 494
Ý 162
w 468
« 1080
§ 2503
o 2484
‹ 713
Ç 785
Š 1697
Ì 1126
! 2501
3 1219
‡ 724
Ç 2519
+ 332
3 2472
n 196
Ï 200
õ 1699
‡ 374
Ô 2046
Ÿ 371
ö 1698
Ë 2451
INDEX 1: NUMBER OF STROKES 375
ô 2090
1 735
Ö 729
2 2333
Š 1213
] 1050
ñ 329
Ë 1184
) 1990
é 1256
Á 1534
š 1531
è 1546
O 2567
t 1128
• 2600
” 1091
í 69
S 74
F 1223
ú 2992
W 913
u 912
É 897
² 2622
î 1906
¿ 324
´ 1573
È 2642
þ 819
k 755
à 1206
5 269
˜ 1920
– 1616
˜ 422
À 1632
9 _
é 46
h 1891
› 1667
z 60
s 1892
Ë 2862
ˆ 2921
3 638
b 1675
ƒ 1853
ñ 1585
t 1270
¦ 1511
& 401
Ç 311
Ð 435
Ò 1716
ˆ 1745
V 2920
› 1660
7 1472
_ 2110
y 1392
J 1639
p 1014
= 969
? 1148
Œ 1280
š 968
“ 991
˜ 997
9 2127
Q 2121
` 1918
R 2906
ƒ 2902
! 1449
ì 304
t 301
K 524
z 474
÷ 2990
7 118
Ë 2146
Ç 1613
õ 2858
Ì 55
( 169
R 125
m 178
G 2089
Æ 745
¹ 1407
¹ 1146
; 63
} 2159
’ 2162
1 2018
õ 23
é 2704
¤ 154
X 2187
ô 362
I 156
f 2932
Ó 124
$ 1928
$ 2200
„ 584
¨ 2204
ô 2194
l 2201
ö 1879
ª 294
Ñ 754
Ý 1322
è 188
ù 2616
» 2210
% 1058
| 2222
d 1075
Ê 2583
Û 2223
ù 1878
ç 1265
0 771
Œ 773
¼ 1380
E 1194
q 2886
É 391
/ 2407
x 472
Œ 488
u 224
v 322
ì 2394
[ 252
9 1379
Å 879
A 874
/ 70
2 290
t 625
u 2282
Í 2281
f 620
É 1460
J 2259
Î 661
í 1267
© 1255
J 2261
… 659
³ 660
B 667
/ 2254
„ 658
¿ 2849
} 461
Ï 143
t 1799
C 2289
þ 1155
ò 369
ó 249
§ 328
… 181
$ 1855
á 549
# 2302
³ 2286
µ 2290
¸ 2292
à 2331
ò 1266
& 243
› 522
Á 2337
Ú 2962
ï 1466
q 2424
– 1844
376 INDEX 1: NUMBER OF STROKES
− 1959
| 2016
Ñ 1465
« 1268
s 283
i 924
Ø 1420
H 703
© 381
‰ 1045
º 1742
: 1140
Å 87
¡ 388
« 1556
à 18
* 2445
+ 2435
Ì 748
6 31
7 414
Å 531
Î 2458
i 166
j 2536
Û 1781
G 869
ô 509
¥ 2481
$ 2482
ü 206
= 2507
o 209
e 268
² 2488
¸ 2517
Ÿ 514
P 199
Í 2485
t 1021
5 2489
ª 1421
Á 2486
÷ 2871
B 1859
„ 449
³ 1559
¾ 1893
„ 680
¬ 1998
… 1549
b 2561
£ 1723
‡ 2568
h 1089
P 1119
H 1779
á 2601
Ç 2599
Þ 1759
a 2569
f 29
ƒ 251
„ 605
É 1689
n 1705
y 261
ñ 133
Ö 513
] 1226
Ó 675
Þ 117
ö 116
@ 2623
G 1179
¡ 911
E 900
î 899
3 479
X 364
û 333
& 2470
6 446
¼ 326
r 1568
Y 1571
4 2632
à 2644
, 2946
‘ 2651
w 1354
Ä 1353
Å 1509
} 1355
¥ 1362
Ë 548
 1164
œ 2680
I 122
Ó 520
ê 1604
ñ 1207
d 1768
Á 1851
£ 337
à 339
’ 88
? 386
} 288
d 2909
/ 1397
Á 1887
10 _
@ 296
f 523
H 2436
• 1944
… 2019
‚ 1269
¢ 307
{ 1890
Ÿ 1017
T 1384
› 1748
V 1630
Ñ 2071
, 2058
H 2124
¿ 1674
ñ 973
K 1640
L 2119
ï 1186
@ 1722
E 978
I 980
, 1633
: 992
á 1547
− 979
° 1574
l 1821
È 2106
m 2131
ø 786
o 1230
d 2841
w 560
¢ 2133
u 2135
L 506
Y 2136
õ 871
Ä 1671
¤ 1964
# 1730
M 2145
Õ 478
M 2084
’ 1692
A 1365
O 75
ã 134
9 2009
@ 2013
ô 2004
ù 2681
” 1975
# 2958
¤ 2178
× 766
« 2154
/ 2950
à 2168
‚ 56
› 2918
( 179
Q 2901
8 1898
A 2012
Ü 849
c 1471
INDEX 1: NUMBER OF STROKES 377
§ 1393
L 214
Ö 191
B 541
“ 1551
· 1033
ì 1499
? 2614
Ù 790
´ 189
` 2219
û 1925
ú 1236
` 2226
q 2061
· 1562
¸ 2977
” 81
ø 589
ã 1024
Ç 1193
Ò 590
N 1157
# 242
S 1013
T 1581
= 2408
] 2105
| 2349
õ 2868
j 1481
– 327
Z 877
¡ 1659
6 878
K 1423
Ê 1881
 1597
; 2846
Ì 619
; 622
Õ 2283
ñ 1935
Ï 2059
) 2248
ä 2845
S 2256
F 2011
a 1120
c 1116
• 2260
× 2267
š 3007
ò 1131
œ 1836
ª 1837
¡ 2951
u 2311
, 1428
Ì 144
K 1149
• 2297
ø 1332
4 730
ô 789
H 764
y 1082
¹ 1470
û 2338
B 2340
¼ 2339
Š 1304
G 1315
œ 1308
¤ 1658
i 1305
x 1310
u 1843
¿ 1132
‹ 281
™ 1669
X 539
° 1408
ã 1858
? 1661
t 915
¦ 287
+ 2417
q 2423
G 2414
µ 731
0 606
ë 613
ˆ 612
¢ 2434
í 1079
þ 459
S 1048
m 2446
W 2444
´ 159
{ 2452
/ 2442
ô 1491
š 456
Å 2462
¡ 2027
ˆ 182
T 1856
Í 870
Ò 2457
q 2545
m 698
ð 358
Û 2044
° 292
± 1520
Û 222
£ 2499
+ 204
” 198
³ 2483
p 1278
Í 1461
C 1932
` 367
° 2497
ï 264
Y 236
= 3003
? 460
k 1609
Û 2495
† 2523
m 808
% 810
{ 809
˜ 814
N 1493
ß 2332
– 246
ì 1803
K 1532
ƒ 2564
( 258
Œ 1229
Ö 1088
‘ 1204
Ø 2570
Õ 1686
Ò 1685
N 2574
´ 1688
í 1682
j 2916
X 1835
± 2581
M 2585
B 2590
& 806
à 532
C 2595
$ 2993
þ 2945
£ 1108
¼ 807
× 905
I 1778
Y 903
I 2604
¸ 904
O 536
d 2620
J 797
Q 2877
Ê 1570
Ä 415
Ù 938
y 925
g 920
V 2948
[ 1178
‚ 2662
— 1829
è 2673
378 INDEX 1: NUMBER OF STROKES
„ 1494
ó 1356
Þ 2661
i 1358
á 1357
• 1727
Ú 554
… 1808
‚ 1914
5 2679
I 823
” 610
O 756
‹ 1870
“ 1871
^ 1728
Ì 2917
µ 1469
Î 1938
z 529
r 341
g 2713
è 1917
o 340
ê 2734
( 682
| 526
‘ 2936
â 1249
Û 1652
õ 1429
j 2748
9 1436
S 1948
[ 274
æ 2766
0 2774
Æ 699
z 2879
ƒ 1475
+ 1978
¿ 1288
11 _
Z 2855
g 1173
{ 1676
Ð 2550
c 1560
¬ 439
 2549
Ý 489
B 1737
› 2244
‡ 1919
X 1955
Á 974
Ú 2129
‘ 975
Ï 1006
É 977
Ê 981
‡ 1823
} 2132
Ô 2130
À 2108
B 501
ú 782
} 1710
] 1451
w 2700
ó 1586
O 89
à 2791
± 2866
œ 2269
† 534
Ì 454
− 21
³ 2165
µ 556
ç 2988
À 2904
o 356
3 153
+ 2183
À 2185
; 477
% 2189
ø 1062
2 2192
_ 1767
Î 1506
– 2878
h 1927
È 1830
³ 2198
( 1151
‡ 2197
Š 2196
b 192
ù 720
f 995
p 749
Z 1321
¨ 2006
O 775
Y 1095
5 2217
è 1235
| 1921
” 2227
2 778
‡ 1101
¹ 774
! 2225
y 1922
ø 1849
I 2056
d 1159
Ä 1999
“ 1191
& 593
Ú 1182
g 2355
U 1122
› 927
? 918
( 2383
û 734
Ý 2366
” 2410
q 1258
Ô 1517
¬ 2957
Ç 2377
„ 2099
Ò 2398
å 2941
j 1733
‡ 2850
n 1525
“ 876
! 1032
Z 2276
¾ 2277
] 1721
ù 1537
È 1187
U 621
− 2279
Ù 2057
Ä 674
b 1061
Œ 673
j 1318
ï 733
ã 655
4 736
 2273
u 663
‘ 1064
Ù 672
@ 1188
b 1152
d 2252
) 1327
³ 2249
Á 2250
è 2251
1 1634
ì 670
¼ 2265
E 2247
‡ 2298
È 1038
— 157
Ð 451
• 840
Ï 450
ò 1731
_ 1738
g 721
INDEX 1: NUMBER OF STROKES 379
| 2318
’ 1263
Í 372
L 1328
² 1539
, 164
þ 634
( 804
÷ 2330
^ 313
o 2310
Å 2325
] 440
ä 244
{ 1456
_ 1940
o 1262
‹ 1592
Þ 1672
¦ 1301
v 1966
F 1299
@ 1513
N 1561
h 1518
i 2427
» 1842
@ 1846
H 1845
Ì 1847
v 1973
Q 318
Z 561
Ò 1160
‰ 2379
1 2971
1 1810
ú 604
½ 958
} 1085
º 936
î 1254
ù 1732
å 1662
ø 1046
Ÿ 1222
F 2891
R 2100
7 2443
8 2438
« 1396
õ 498
² 538
õ 1934
Ó 2989
Þ 2546
¤ 2954
ï 2979
6 907
] 2299
8 1498
) 2530
| 677
È 2502
G 2625
q 2498
Î 2518
È 201
Ù 2479
ö 2529
— 2837
÷ 2045
² 710
A 102
y 2533
í 1714
ü 1750
y 841
Ð 1993
â 2876
ø 1102
Ò 1541
À 935
ê 259
ç 2560
7 265
J 2557
œ 1093
e 2598
b 1797
– 2571
F 293
z 1364
7 2683
Ð 2578
» 2575
_ 2572
Ü 2854
Q 2070
Q 1467
Š 237
¹ 2580
Y 1227
$ 2626
c 898
Ø 433
µ 1457
É 2882
¢ 518
ø 799
} 798
Å 939
E 940
k 2635
Ù 1239
î 1111
6 1001
r 2628
J 1777
? 1136
ë 921
T 2648
M 922
™ 1360
ë 2669
Ñ 1758
ú 1363
F 1352
Û 1359
R 1361
L 1776
 2666
î 2658
H 574
õ 575
ì 2675
$ 1874
º 2674
U 1869
í 519
¦ 2697
ç 1606
ï 1769
Ñ 569
¼ 2714
â 787
Ü 708
Ë 495
§ 1073
ò 792
2 331
• 726
Y 1010
ä 1744
O 2986
k 2092
% 420
É 470
} 1435
Ò 2430
ö 1908
¸ 174
Ÿ 1596
Å 273
ô 2754
w 1623
“ 1617
Ë 2778
à 1143
ê 463
™ 94
Ö 171
š 1941
12 _
− 2938
6 2940
ï 928
å 2104
ø 2875
= 1969
¤ 1747
9 2049
380 INDEX 1: NUMBER OF STROKES
Y 1026
T 1643
Ä 1183
Ô 1015
/ 2116
Ë 1553
S 1631
W 1926
N 47
Í 743
U 2150
p 2152
[ 1775
æ 1976
ò 1042
¢ 1550
V 2182
Å 2163
V 2164
v 2158
Æ 1208
] 1445
ü 397
Ô 2191
ó 1770
õ 545
± 1039
Î 390
O 254
p 1056
³ 1507
= 1761
Ý 1950
b 395
í 1526
Y 2211
) 193
õ 2069
Ý 2221
› 1953
ö 2861
æ 2243
= 1931
‹ 2077
* 777
% 2229
ˆ 129
Ÿ 82
Q 407
Ø 408
e 1381
/ 1706
³ 1852
, 2391
5 2411
0 1577
û 2429
w 816
W 2966
Ú 2081
ã 2389
K 2351
F 2378
L 2392
¥ 861
è 228
% 299
c 1145
m 1718
š 890
: 1398
x 1854
P 875
ã 2898
¨ 1439
3 1786
g 624
· 629
− 628
2 1059
Ú 1951
! 1043
g 662
¥ 2255
Ø 665
W 646
¿ 2263
Û 664
Ü 1967
3 2320
¢ 1292
1 1452
ç 366
þ 148
v 1800
· 1388
Ó 1788
— 149
/ 2317
9 1195
_ 546
m 2307
F 1169
Q 2309
 2284
Ø 1749
Þ 2295
Ä 1438
Í 2336
‰ 1309
[ 1958
„ 1298
´ 1314
Ó 1306
î 1300
± 303
[ 1293
Z 1956
| 540
ò 552
Q 1067
Š 277
’ 1824
Ê 1047
Ú 2420
³ 2416
í 2418
z 398
_ 2432
Î 614
/ 1083
¬ 1638
# 826
’ 334
_ 1189
° 2931
$ 1201
“ 314
è 821
Œ 1260
Æ 22
¬ 1538
œ 1974
g 177
‰ 2465
§ 1209
Œ 1923
Ú 1418
Ü 2456
Ï 1200
¡ 2542
I 197
e 2537
_ 2480
& 1272
l 1763
) 1903
Î 1673
0 205
“ 2528
− 2496
ù 202
© 2505
[ 505
ß 1575
a 2474
p 2512
× 2487
( 1097
’ 1762
© 1171
1 811
™ 813
u 2915
5 2873
É 842
æ 1257
5 241
À 2566
7 1591
% 2913
† 2556
É 2912
q 2554
ç 2963
INDEX 1: NUMBER OF STROKES 381
Ä 2602
ì 2910
# 1784
x 1734
E 2922
F 1668
− 1690
d 1684
9 1687
n 2577
: 1703
– 2934
C 831
ç 2865
1 1442
J 1224
Ô 2589
z 695
Ô 115
L 763
¢ 1840
È 793
; 2973
v 2611
¨ 2605
Ä 895
Ý 894
t 2062
‡ 436
· 1034
· 325
Á 801
: 941
@ 948
V 2637
f 945
g 947
h 944
e 2646
t 2629
Ù 943
Ú 923
B 2664
… 1346
Æ 1349
º 1351
ƒ 1348
á 1754
j 1347
$ 1350
ó 2657
˜ 1375
3 1035
^ 555
™ 2933
£ 2693
y 2695
ó 2696
L 1857
F 2654
k 1765
ˆ 2890
Æ 345
ß 1141
Ÿ 1865
ã 380
ä 342
W 1724
N 1139
² 2718
i 2727
é 1487
r 194
$ 2736
g 868
{ 1771
Ð 1007
¾ 1238
æ 1424
’ 2737
Î 387
• 385
Ò 1281
¦ 717
É 1112
n 1434
Ÿ 1909
Ç 853
¸ 1495
6 3004
ˆ 1622
� 1620
E 1625
” 2775
T 559
Ð 557
h 1907
² 423
j 2028
« 1635
± 2897
† 1474
š 1473
† 52
j 2786
13 _
m 758
: 399
° 2433
z 1011
´ 999
å 1544
æ 987
¥ 996
R 982
z 1678
Ö 2128
Ò 1615
— 719
v 1946
X 2160
% 1579
u 1867
Ó 585
þ 359
é 1458
o 2024
ù 2190
1 1444
¤ 1515
ì 1929
A 542
È 1598
Ð 2202
÷ 226
c 2615
ê 2214
B 1150
Ø 2230
ˆ 2224
ù 410
š 1601
™ 2388
Þ 1838
Á 2395
K 2409
% 1900
x 2399
W 1385
ò 2404
¦ 231
1 409
R 2354
Z 305
ƒ 2384
È 2375
é 2362
¥ 2360
s 1163
ˆ 2997
Æ 889
² 1389
ö 2548
= 1960
• 1483
E 630
‘ 687
9 1324
Ú 1739
© 666
… 1873
u 2315
Ñ 1289
+ 1578
è 142
w 1819
á 2701
} 564
Ë 416
Ý 537
ñ 2308
3 1663
382 INDEX 1: NUMBER OF STROKES
Y 230
n 365
â 791
I 2324
ï 2287
á 403
“ 2345
Î 2335
½ 1312
² 2426
j 1644
æ 402
Ü 1773
P 2847
« 2422
± 732
A 2801
û 615
T 1957
A 901
` 609
‰ 929
K 480
E 1882
Ñ 170
@ 1949
h 1450
= 2439
@ 2440
» 1605
* 2467
! 2466
‘ 544
T 464
ß 1612
A 2541
˜ 163
8 1098
Á 1735
/ 2490
z 2513
» 2531
½ 1569
à 2493
J 2471
ß 2473
· 930
È 1614
ª 2477
Ô 2524
ñ 512
* 1805
8 2067
( 737
› 2334
ˆ 2926
U 1995
T 1991
@ 2562
… 2563
ó 2553
L 1291
7 1930
Ü 2603
S 1090
Æ 2072
L 1683
g 2573
h 2579
œ 2698
& 1636
• 1259
N 832
x 1583
ò 1514
C 2584
Ÿ 2596
˜ 2592
Û 2587
Ù 2591
Ó 453
— 2624
ú 1124
M 896
Î 2608
S 2607
b 2610
[ 608
G 1502
© 2621
% 1792
Þ 1464
š 1370
Õ 1368
¡ 1345
– 641
þ 553
¸ 825
³ 2678
Q 2065
+ 2064
 1497
ß 1876
f 2694
î 2690
É 2687
÷ 2014
Ì 1443
A 1766
Ó 1939
m 1814
6 1813
› 1522
¥ 343
¤ 2715
* 1244
¡ 346
¢ 354
å 550
¼ 363
& 2717
Ê 344
Ô 2721
í 2705
œ 357
¬ 2738
Ì 80
( 2735
¥ 473
¤ 1004
+ 2744
Ô 1746
) 1286
– 1284
− 1282
Ÿ 2745
º 1277
S 1432
& 1433
f 2453
ç 794
˜ 741
é 2770
÷ 846
l 271
Š 1406
/ 535
! 425
Œ 1402
¨ 1866
, 1477
Ï 1480
ù 1654
e 1894
V 61
´ 2788
™ 783
Õ 1595
† 2794
R 2805
Ä 2807
ð 864
14 _
¹ 2074
Ó 2021
Š 2923
« 543
k 309
Ü 2120
… 1977
ì 1794
W 1707
Ð 2142
” 1410
Ñ 2149
” 213
• 376
h 2003
º 419
P 562
£ 2167
* 1954
INDEX 1: NUMBER OF STROKES 383
k 1942
¹ 2999
; 2177
? 2852
V 2995
W 2703
æ 484
† 502
] 2943
ô 566
C 617
g 1323
I 1103
â 834
P 776
] 1065
T 2976
« 2235
a 2838
7 1023
‰ 2374
¦ 2406
º 1945
… 2390
§ 633
© 232
H 2359
¦ 2836
‚ 887
” 885
ü 627
‡ 626
E 829
™ 2258
½ 1133
é 657
Ü 2007
Ô 172
º 2304
Ô 932
4 1135
k 1175
· 1545
ì 442
å 1607
G 830
º 1068
/ 2314
( 2291
) 2288
¹ 338
Œ 1313
! 1296
ì 1297
ì 1192
ï 441
} 1174
Ç 2005
d 2893
i 1764
… 2885
C 2843
2 233
÷ 2540
ã 2547
æ 2522
Ð 2514
– 1482
Ù 2515
r 1818
J 2475
i 2516
0 2492
v 229
à 933
 2520
H 469
§ 563
´ 917
Ý 2559
‚ 2588
w 2555
• 2793
r 833
¼ 1390
Ö 2593
· 1512
U 465
w 910
) 1679
½ 1715
2 1167
š 2619
° 2870
á 800
O 2029
5 1273
d 946
S 2634
† 2633
M 2643
” 2991
c 2640
· 1535
C 2668
d 1341
„ 1963
6 2672
” 1344
r 1366
s 2660
4 2670
» 2073
¹ 2659
q 1367
} 1373
k 1371
£ 1343
þ 2667
/ 2656
z 2863
t 2677
´ 2939
Ì 678
À 2688
Á 2929
B 347
C 1899
£ 601
ß 499
œ 348
Þ 598
É 916
å 2733
Ñ 2739
¹ 2908
ì 1409
£ 2730
— 1430
µ 1431
i 1437
î 175
÷ 2618
F 1459
c 762
, 368
/ 270
— 2755
‹ 272
j 275
¼ 1624
F 2017
› 2776
u 1619
l 1626
7 1165
 1540
: 2781
Ú 2785
i 1405
§ 2796
´ 2797
8 2800
Š 2802
Ë 1984
P 1983
½ 1986
^ 2808
p 1924
z 2924
15 _
¾ 616
o 1677
l 310
Ê 998
™ 1839
$ 983
ˆ 984
{ 2117
Î 2138
j 2803
¬ 1997
384 INDEX 1: NUMBER OF STROKES
G 2143
E 1774
− 2161
á 2172
a 1197
Å 2155
^ 121
b 1198
å 1516
w 3005
‚ 302
a 2207
Ÿ 430
 1326
C 1910
û 511
å 1325
Z 1708
4 1057
g 2232
R 2233
s 2887
‰ 2001
ë 2239
# 639
÷ 2369
ß 2367
‰ 850
m 2357
£ 2381
G 2401
v 2358
Ö 2405
Þ 2393
à 1680
ó 886
ƒ 2280
c 1199
œ 2051
K 822
^ 2271
î 2253
ô 760
„ 2245
é 2266
ü 2262
ï 1793
C 2270
− 2257
Ê 2039
¸ 1548
‚ 1627
˜ 1704
õ 844
‡ 141
¾ 2319
¨ 1307
å 2425
† 2031
* 1804
+ 1610
‚ 278
f 2419
k 1772
] 1096
Š 2851
ð 2984
° 709
ë 443
1 1883
¹ 1712
Ü 1801
Ó 2461
ô 1751
Ï 571
j 1176
m 2526
´ 2527
ã 1608
! 2533
+ 2859
p 2889
‹ 1994
8 1992
R 1996
− 2753
8 2048
) 2699
º 2032
Å 2842
´ 567
N 893
— 2088
{ 892
¤ 909
Ä 2935
ç 796
ú 2636
3 2631
a 942
– 1413
Š 2645
# 2650
: 2947
â 1372
7 1952
û 1339
Þ 1340
Å 1377
‹ 1825
ï 1479
S 2899
¡ 1872
¢ 2586
9 2068
V 2689
ã 2692
’ 521
H 2685
Í 452
W 1123
˜ 2719
™ 1261
l 2722
¾ 1536
ë 351
! 2712
8 393
° 350
“ 349
½ 2724
e 2710
Ç 1820
ø 2706
@ 2708
¦ 1052
E 476
= 378
= 1264
h 843
Ö 1137
+ 820
r 1287
l 1134
s 1822
‡ 2751
† 240
2 1453
; 1374
Ç 500
£ 2756
k 1566
ñ 2763
š 2975
Î 2768
š 2773
Ï 1618
] 2010
‘ 1791
8 1637
i 1476
N 2782
ê 2792
Q 2809
R 1979
l 1982
K 2023
û 2828
) 570
q 1040
s 1041
16 _
ª 1670
J 2980
0 1166
Ô 2864
! 1412
’ 1337
« 2949
w 2176
p 400
ö 1529
INDEX 1: NUMBER OF STROKES 385
; 587
‹ 2036
f 565
` 1933
÷ 1530
› 2613
Ê 1554
| 1500
é 2240
$ 594
å 2974
q 1681
U 1503
% 2000
¾ 2353
V 227
M 2370
¦ 1736
O 2956
— 2365
« 2403
Å 1646
’ 891
& 632
v 828
þ 631
e 671
Ý 1387
± 497
ê 835
+ 2300
ò 2015
J 2285
³ 701
t 1311
B 837
¿ 1501
L 2970
‹ 611
5 2428
· 424
9 2468
ã 1719
b 2972
ê 510
p 2052
’ 2535
à 2869
Æ 2491
n 1382
¤ 2494
ï 429
? 2050
5 1446
Ê 2478
þ 2506
, 2521
ö 1426
µ 2905
t 2752
2 1147
Î 1543
ó 2612
V 1504
P 2981
ú 2907
Ù 2639
S 950
™ 1988
½ 2638
i 1158
e 1645
ß 2671
a 1338
[ 1376
Ä 1563
æ 2911
i 2725
î 2723
¤ 475
” 2726
á 2716
ä 1760
³ 352
ë 1968
¿ 2709
w 1441
Ç 1971
Ú 852
â 2741
Ò 2942
P 2732
´ 289
è 2731
E 2749
À 2750
Ú 2747
j 2798
Ó 2759
3 411
š 1962
B 1185
T 2771
÷ 2764
) 383
‚ 2760
ƒ 1584
ð 2765
§ 2030
Æ 1144
I 1478
9 2780
í 2784
 2790
þ 1665
Ÿ 2874
Ñ 2047
Î 1044
´ 2817
^ 2825
â 2835
17 _
¦ 985
¸ 993
„ 2118
© 2026
È 2702
¨ 2186
ä 1936
Á 2203
Ý 2617
… 2228
6 2987
Õ 2400
‘ 1411
L 1104
ê 2272
£ 2313
ª 2306
æ 577
ª 2323
ß 2329
è 2746
Ê 1970
K 2437
‘ 2448
( 2460
p 1211
ö 2455
a 2543
2 2539
l 215
Ç 2509
A 2525
^ 2476
“ 1403
ô 1463
“ 643
Ô 2860
0 836
P 2576
` 1709
† 437
a 2582
ó 1221
r 2594
Õ 558
ù 2627
Õ 2597
| 2652
q 2649
h 2653
G 2665
i 1336
Ð 1542
ü 1790
ö 1798
‹ 827
¤ 2676
ù 2691
b 2684
B 1576
386 INDEX 1: NUMBER OF STROKES
Ù 1600
“ 1816
ê 1250
¸ 2193
• 1817
‹ 2086
Ô 1552
› 2655
U 2020
1 855
n 2762
Ý 2761
ê 2772
9 1860
… 2964
 2757
¬ 2769
M 2777
] 2779
ƒ 426
H 1647
œ 2787
ü 373
v 2060
¼ 2815
U 2821
1 551
4 2816
A 2826
„ 2927
Ü 2944
18 _
ð 2883
Œ 2085
C 2894
n 1210
Ê 1580
” 1912
B 1880
å 2352
/ 2371
© 2969
˜ 2402
ú 2268
, 1454
Y 2328
ƒ 888
Þ 576
™ 2534
Û 389
} 1691
² 2037
s 817
G 394
š 2832
A 1099
$ 2609
U 2895
6 1621
c 926
3 1334
8 1335
4 824
V 1611
à 2720
Š 503
Õ 2743
ü 1911
r 854
œ 2076
à 1599
à 1937
¥ 276
y 1629
? 1492
— 2783
 295
à 2795
W 1717
ß 1789
{ 931
„ 1981
à 1980
„ 1985
G 176
µ 908
? 572
19 _
º 2075
’ 2002
T 2151
w 2982
¥ 336
M 2380
y 2035
0 2363
œ 1666
7 2818
ù 2305
X 2447
ˆ 851
Ñ 2829
Z 1802
à 2839
ª 2508
ø 1342
à 2647
« 949
¢ 2630
l 1369
— 2686
þ 1895
ã 1755
‡ 2682
Æ 482
: 1787
O 2742
à 2994
ù 483
ð 2758
_ 1228
‘ 481
X 135
& 2789
¾ 2804
Ô 2806
† 1290
« 315
R 2820
Õ 2812
¨ 1947
` 2831
á 2867
¹ 2840
20 _
ç 2880
N 2978
ú 1850
û 2799
H 2083
Ë 1394
x 1989
+ 1628
Þ 434
e 2641
Ï 1567
™ 642
¿ 700
& 1528
H 2728
( 1527
ë 438
¸ 2998
É 2823
Ó 2824
¢ 2925
21 _
Ø 2157
z 2813
% 2022
À 2321
! 2663
; 1875
¨ 1285
Ç 2996
¬ 2729
¬ 2767
° 1283
0 1084
Æ 1943
ô 2827
INDEX 1: NUMBER OF STROKES 387
22 _
ü 1987
¥ 2856
f 2965
g 2711
È 2740
§ 2811
ü 2819
M 2025
¿ 2983
23 _
à 2082
C 1455
N 2707
Ö 2822
6 2814
u 2054
Ð 2834
v 2053
24 _
Ü 2237
5 2833
25 _
× 3000
26 _
á 2810
28 _
ß 2066
¬ 2830
388 INDEX 1: NUMBER OF STROKES
A _
a E 2091a-un À 2343abacus I.322abandon m 758abbreviation F 293abdomen T 464abet Ú 1951abide by † 2031ability ô 2004abolish / 1706abounding u 2311about that time à 2791above î 49above-stated › 1522abrupt _ 2110abundant È 793abuse s 1041abyss Å 2325abyss [old] W 2966accept 1 735accept humbly È 2702accidentally X 1955accolade † 2794
accompany Z 877accomplished ò 552accumulate z 1364accusation N 1139accustomed ü 627achievement O 863acid i 1437acknowledge Þ 598acorn I.345acquiesce ¾ 1901acupuncturist I.31add ; 867addiction 5 2679address = 1417adhere $ 1000adjusted à 1729adjutant · 2126admirable T 1643admonish ¥ 336adore ‡ 1101adroit _ 1241advance Z 561advise l 2722aerosol can I.126affair ¾ 959af³nity â 1372af³x $ 2736af³xed A 1303
afµicted ú 604Africa % 1295again ç 1815age “ 1403aged woman ¨ 2204aggression k 330aglow 8 2438agony ” 2775agreement ‡ 374agriculture ÷ 2014aid 0 839aim at � 2344air out X 2447alienate F 1668all „ 449alliance h 1450alligator Ó 2824allot X 761almost ÷ 2871alms ‰ 1045altar I.273amass W 1385ambition Ý 489ambrosial ¢ 2925ancestor H 1779ancestral shrine á 2601ancestral tablet Ç 2599anchor ð 2765
INDEX 2
KEYWORDS & PRIMITIVE MEANINGS
Words without kanji and set in italics are primitive meanings.The accompanying number refers to the page number in volume Ior III. All other numbers refer to frame numbers.
ancient harp V 2637Andromeda f 2932and then ¾ 3006angel I.155angle ¸ 1812angling Å 273angry H 703animal ` 1933animal legs I.33animal offspring o 2113animal sacri³ce ³ 1559animal tracks I.410annexed þ 634ant — 2686anti- ‚ 722antique I.157anus à 2459anxiety ˜ 163apologize ê 1250appear ß 1789appellation × 905applaud ? 2852apple I.382apple ? 2050apple of the eye ¹ 2580apply ñ 607apprehend Ò 1160apprehensive a 2569approve h 843apricot O 203apron I.151arc ù 1878ardent ˜ 814argument Ç 1820arm I.212arm Ú 1418armor x 1113armpit Í 870armrest ˆ 2469army t 301aroma Ð 2147
aroused c 1199arrest i 654arrival k 755arrow I.134arrow shaft ú 2636arrowhead ð 2758art n 1525arti³cial I.44artisan ¨ 1693as if Í 2281as is A 2125ascend : 1703ashes ‚ 168Asia ! 1809assault ö 1698assemble P 2732assembly line I.262assets ¥ 473assiduous ‡ 2209assistant Õ 952association L 1776assortment î 2253assurance ´ 567astray i 924astringent _ 1738astute Š 2851atmosphere j 2028attack M 2025attend n 960attentive t 2677attire z 398attitude Ç 2005attract û 2429attractive Ÿ 430audience Í 452augment 1 811augury í 2103auspices : 2781auspicious Ö 1088authochthonous Æ 2184authority Ï 571
autumn E 900awakening À 2750awe ’ 334awl I.370awl ‚ 2760axe 4 1125axis É 1112
B _
babble # 2958baboon ¾ 2346back : 399back [old] ; 2973backpack à 2644bad 1 1810badge Ø 433bag á 1547baggage S 1013bake Ï 1200balancing scales I 2604bald ˜ 2606bale Î 2518ball À 935ballot ç 1606bamboo U 937bamboo blinds ¢ 2630bamboo cane È 2642bamboo grass E 940bamboo hat Å 939banana ß 2367banner I.267banner g 2232banquet Ö 191barbarian ¤ 1747bargain š 1601barking é 2170barley _ 1533baron ô 1463
390 INDEX 2: KEYWORDS & PRIMITIVE MEANINGS
barracks ¬ 2033barrel þ 2506bartending õ 1429baseball (team) I.17bases x 1734bash ð 2166basin ! 1449bathe ô 789bay ª 1837beach M 1653beaded hairpin ç 2963beaming – 2934bean jam ¸ 2998beans q 1440bear h 2003bear fruit S 2607beard Ñ 2047beat ° 709beautiful woman Ý 1950beauty Ë 548beckon À 650becoming « 1029bed » 592bee É 2687before å 248beforehand Ð 1593beg F 462beg pardon Ô 2721beginning â 59beguile Î 614behind 9 1379behind thescenes ‰ 2374bell ë 438bellµower £ 2499belong › 1953below 4 50belt I.152bemoan + 2859bend ( 1172bene³t Ê 1881
benevolence ” 885bequeath k 1772beseech e 2598best regards Š 1783bestow Ò 1246bewitched Ø 2078biased { 2117Big Dipper 7 1177bin ` 1902birch Ù 2515bird š 1941birdhouse I.219biwa É 2912black ¸ 174black ink î 175bladder Ò 2457blade ` 84blame Ò 1541blaspheme • 2297Bldg. I 1478Bldg. [old] J 2980bleaching W 2444blemish X 2187blessing S 1090blind | 486bliss L 2119block up ê 2214blood » 1448blood relative ˆ 2921blossom 1 2018blow r 467blue Á 1534blue-black Ô 2864blue-green ‚ 2588bluffs ” 2227bo tree ¬ 2957boar o 1262board W 646boast * 1244boat J 1868bodhisattva O 2956
body ¿ 957body cavity ‰ 2465body [old] O 2986boil æ 1257boisterous „ 1985bold ‘ 2936bomb Z 1802bond å 1544bone I.331bonito Ö 2822bonsai I.352book û 211bookmark † 2523boom µ 1457bore ß 2066borough , 1002borrow ï 1186bosom ô 1491both X 1168bottom Ñ 1833bough ‹ 713boulder R 770boulder [old] N 2978boulevard I.241boulevard š 890bound up I.34boundary æ 484bounding main ï 2287bountiful Ì 1443bow ¸ 1231bowl l 271bowstring æ 1386box I.373box a 942boy Ö 492bracing Z 2855bracken Ö 2405brahman ¤ 2954brain õ 1934brains I.19branch † 711
INDEX 2: KEYWORDS & PRIMITIVE MEANINGS 391
branch off c 772branding q 2545brandish g 662break 8 2067breasts I.52breath ” 610breed ñ 329brew ( 1527briar x 472bribe Ì 80bridegroom b 395bridge ï 429bridle’s bit f 2965briefcase Ú 2785bright g 20brimming u 2315bring up p 759broaden ¬ 740brocade 3 411broom I.283brown Ó 453brush I.128brush tip  2790brush-stroke c 1170brushwood Û 2044bubble up  2284bubbles Á 533bucket ) 2530buckle I.151buckwheat ÷ 2369bud e 1905Buddha [ 964Buddhist priest R 982Buddhist temple ± 158build É 391building blocks I.296bull’s eye í 69bullet = 1931bullhead É 2823bullying Q 2373bulrush Þ 1838
bump into „ 2245bumper crop $ 2609bundle – 1664bungling Ø 769burdensome ½ 1986bureau & 1066bureaucrat ö 1271burglar œ 357burn ê 510burnish Ý 2559bury ( 179bush clover K 2351bushel basket I.385bushes I.351business % 1792bustle ú 1196bustling Ñ 2739busy Ú 618but of course ð 145butcher I.117butchering 5 2217butterbur M 2370butterµy ’ 521buttocks : 2220button ô 2754buy C 831by means of P 1028by one’s side I.44bystander Ô 1015
C _
cabbage I.354cactus III.116cadet g 1173cage ½ 2638calamity L 1291calculate d 946calendar ” 213
calf, golden I.429call ó 1485call on Ë 495calling card I.397calm 2 1147camellia ½ 1569camelopard v 2053camp i 1305camphor tree È 1614can = 93canal J 2285cancer P 2576candle I.57candle rush = 2408candlelight 2 2539candlestick I.107candy U 1122cane I.26cane ü 2504cannon à 532canopy ù 410cap Ø 408cape 3 153capital Ù 312capital suburbs s 2887capsize V 1611captive T 1991captured 8 1018car ë 286carefree … 2885carillion é 2770carp G 176carpenter’ssquare M 2585carpet yarn ó 2657carrier “ 1871carry ± 303cart I.116carve } 1710cash q 1040cast a spell þ 2945
392 INDEX 2: KEYWORDS & PRIMITIVE MEANINGS
casting k 1566castle ô 362cat ä 244catalpa 8 1498catch œ 1836catgut ë 2669cauldron ß 2332cause ƒ 583cave I.196cavern c 2615caverns I.291cavity Z 96cedar ’ 1713ceiling I.15celebrate h 1089celery I.346cell I.350censure Œ 1523center î 1740centimeter : 2947cereal I.244cereals ´ 917ceremony ˆ 984chafe # 639chain I.34chain à 1937chair _ 2480challenge „ 658change 5 1008chant − 21chaos ± 2326chapter W 1123char Ð 557character ° 185charcoal 0 771chariot I.120chase « 1268chastise o 340chatter v 2158cheat Ô 2806check-up W 1724
cheek ê 2792cheer w 3005cheerful r 1642cherry tree C 1932chess piece l 1763chestnut k 1609chew á 2172chic y 925chick Œ 2085chicken ¨ 1947chief L 967chieftain R 2906chihuahua I.98child { 95chime q 2554chin à 2795Chinese blackpine 0 2492Chinese panpipe r 2628chink ² 2426chinstrap ‚ 2662chirp k 1942chivalry Û 2107choose ã 1074chop Ì 1126chop off k 2092chop-seal I.325chopsticks c 2640Christmas tree I.352chronicle w 1354chrysanthemum › 927churn up − 2257cicada ã 2692circle Ò 1811circling q 2886circumference : 317circumspect 6 3004citron Á 2486citrus tree $ 2482city walls I.398city walls Ë 2180
clam I.36clam y 2695clamor Å 2163clan ” 1912clap O 652class Ä 1353claw à 727clay + 2183clean þ 1155cleanse ± 2316clear (the land) ä 651clear skies / 2442clear up ¬ 1538cleaver º 2234cleverness þ 459cliff I.54climate K 1640climax › 753clique u 1619cloak I.147clock I.356clod o 2024close the eyes Å 2842closed w 1623clothes hanger I.402clothesline I.366clothing I.147clothing R 1399cloud ² 423cloudy weather · 424cluster ê 2772clutch ³ 2249co- á 872coach — 719coarse J 1777cocklebur ‰ 2382coconut tree Ô 2524cocoon I.321cocoon B 1880cod ü 2819code ø 1827
INDEX 2: KEYWORDS & PRIMITIVE MEANINGS 393
cof³n & 1272coin , 368cold í 1526collapse G 1315collar A 1099colleague W 1707collector K 2409collide à 1680color 5 1753coloring í 1714column I.241column + 1628comb I.286comb ^ 2476come û 1884come apart atthe seams 4 2670
come in I.226comely I 2109comet ‡ 2850comma-design ú 2096commander t 1270commandment w 676commence x 747committee W 913commoner “ 1191commonplace Ú 1182commotion ú 2268companion ¿ 19company ç 1092compare ² 447compass I.170compensation E 476compilation ‹ 1825complete U 97complete a job t 2062compliment g 2711computer I.74comrade 8 1637concave í 33conceal Œ 1313
concentrated ò 2015concept ` 609concerning = 1969concubine ² 2622concurrently  1597condolences { 1233condone X 3002condor I.420confer › 1660confront h 648Confucian 0 1166confused B 1185congeal ! 1412conglomerate U 2895congratulations g 868conjecture u 663connection F 2017consent ë 351consider † 1252considerate − 2279consign è 1917consolation ] 1096consort { 1203conspire ä 1760constancy f 620constitution Ê 1554consult with ¤ 475consume ¢ 1550consummate | 540contact 6 1813contain Ù 790contend m 1154continent C 2289continue ¡ 1345contraption | 677contrast º 1277control Ô 1552convenience “ 991convex ¢ 34conveyor … 1873cook w 468
cooking-³re I.71cool ƒ 1404copious ö 2529copper ‹ 272copy á 1247coral b 2561coral reef @ 2562cord A 1365core ï 928cormorant š 2832corner [ 1958cornerstone G 394cornstalk I.353cornucopia I.343corpse | 2222correct ± 379corridor ³ 1852cosmetics Ú 923cottage à 316cotton q 1367cough ’ 2162counsel í 2705countenance å 2733counter for tools × 2267counterfeit T 2151country ³ 581country [old] ç 2988county u 1843courage ¹ 1407courtesan ‰ 2199courtesy å 2425courts Ó 508courtyard Ò 590cover over v 2358cow È 245cowardice ( 2460cowl I.77crab ‡ 2682crabgrass Î 2608craft ^ 76crag ¢ 2586
394 INDEX 2: KEYWORDS & PRIMITIVE MEANINGS
cram school k 309cramped ò 1266crane Æ 1943crash ¨ 1307crawl G 2414create ‹ 281creek s 139crime ‹ 1414crimson } 1355criticism − 649critters Ð 2098crock À 2904crossing ¹ 279crotch I.213crow • 1944crowd ´ 2939crowded Á 780crown I.120crown ì 304crucian ^ 2825crude ð 207cruel µ 1431crumble ¹ 774cry ¾ 432cryptomeria “ 2528crystal 8 2048crystal stone À 2566cultivate ; 477cultured q 2424cumulation I 2324cunning Á 2337cupfuls 3 1219current H 764curriculum • 376curse 2 2169curtain 1 409cut × 85cylinder h 944cyst ð 2883
D _
dachshund III.17dagger I.46dainty ú 1363dairy products & 1433dam Ô 2191damage © 666damask C 2668damp Ó 1788damson 5 2511dance E 1774dangerous [ 1416dangle Ä 2171daring # 826darken ƒ 2384darkness K 480darning 8 1335dart ¢ 1220daughter c 1471dawn ‘ 2448day Õ 12daybreak $ 1201daytime d 1075dazzling a 2543deafness ¿ 2983deal with S 2256death ‘ 815decameron y 67decay » 1243deceased Ó 485deceit ’ 1762decide · 1641decline { 1890decorate , 1477decrease ‚ 1914dedicate ¼ 2265deep L 1328
deer Ä 1999defeat ; 63defense Å 1646defer & 1528de³le ¾ 2319degenerate ´ 1314degrees E 1194deliberation ™ 642delicate Æ 889delicious Š 455delight ) 570deliver ¥ 1110deluge t 1799delusion x 487demand 7 1165demolition p 400den … 181departed ¿ 1132department 7 1179deposit Õ 1595depressed ¥ 2856depression g 1323derision Å 2155descend œ 1308descendants Ì 448design t 1021desk h 210despicable ( 2735despondent Ñ 2149destitution Ò 1215destroy n 365detach ? 1492detailed å 550detain K 1423determine Ï 382detour — 2415deviate v 1973devil I.171dew ° 1283diagonal å 1662diameter ‡ 882
INDEX 2: KEYWORDS & PRIMITIVE MEANINGS 395
diamond Ô 1517diarrhea 9 1687diced I.17difference j 1644dif³cult Ê 1580dig b 1061dike Î 390dilate Œ 1923diligence 0 1577dilute V 227dining tray 9 2468direction ¾ 490director s 1863dirty ë 1245disaster ó 167discard ã 655discharge n 1705discipline @ 1722disclose } 1085disconcerted g 624discontinue á 1754discreet B 1576discriminating Æ 482discuss * 350disguise d 2246dish V 1447dislike È 1598dispatch Ü 1773display Í 262dispose ‰ 297disseminate ü 2262dissolve Î 1044distant æ 402distinction Ú 554distract i 1358distress A 901distribute 9 1436disturb × 491ditch ø 1062ditch reed 5 2411dither à 2994
divide Õ 478divining rod I.31dizzy ± 2581do ` 1918doctor l 1694document £ 601dog Ñ 238dog-tag I.398dollar sign I.299domburi ) 2884domesticate ¨ 1866don ^ 555donkey á 2810door ú 1076dormitory Z 1708dose # 1730doth O 756double : 992double back I.163doubt ” 1410douse ™ 2293downspout  2520Dr. N 47draft { 892drag I.400drag » 2848dragon O 536dragon [old] P 2981drama ¬ 1997draw near b 192draw water ½ 2322dreadful / 623dream Z 305drench ß 2329dribble out ¿ 2849dried meat Ô 2130drift å 1607drill ù 2616drink † 1474drip ì 442drive P 1983
droop s 1582drop of I.26drought ê 463drown ö 707drowning ñ 2308drowsy x 1583drum I.332drum 1 1444drunk } 1435dry ø 1648dry ³eld j 2916dry weather ! 2441ducks, migrating I.417dugout ¨ 2186dull ¸ 1495dumbfounded ² 2181duplicate U 465dusk Ë 2451dust a 2838duty ¤ 884dwell W 954dwindle ç 366dye ô 509
E _
each ª 291eagle Ð 2834ear ¿ 818ear (of a plant) ¤ 909early f 26earlybird e 2141earnings N 893earthworm I.340ease d 1159east X 504easy ^ 1051eat 7 1472eaves ” 1656
396 INDEX 2: KEYWORDS & PRIMITIVE MEANINGS
ebisu V 2881echo ú 1850eclipse 8 2800ecstasy Ì 619eddy ÷ 2330edge 2 1167eel I.183eel § 2811effulgent ó 2450egg ) 1422eggplant R 2372ego a 640eight k 8elation 5 2888elbow I.220elbow Õ 2464elder brother | 103elder sister y 413elect * 1804electricity / 535elementary K 1532elephant æ 1976elevate l 2449ellipse » 2531elucidate & 2717elude ³ 2416embarrass 9 2009embrace » 645embroidery G 2665embryo Î 2458emigrant Ü 2120eminent ß 51emotion û 615empathetic ° 2931emperor y 261employ / 1083employee ‚ 56empress U 1861empty W 1317emulate − 979enclosure » 1842
encompassing Õ 2055encounter } 1174encourage „ 866encroach ? 1148end F 1352endure Ý 597enemy ë 443England Ä 1741engrave ± 1521enjoyment æ 2522enlarge u 2282enlightenment ; 622enroll Ï 1567enshrine ú 2992enter × 779entertain ö 1426entice É 916entrails ˆ 851entreat 0 2896entrust * 1954entwine $ 1350envious þ 553environs Œ 284envy Ð 2202epidemic É 1689equal Ï 1695equestrian „ 1981equilibrium ’ 891equip Ä 1183equivocal K 2437erect G 869erection õ 2858erupt a 1197escape s 283escort | 2016escutcheon z 2513Esq à 933est ˜ 2094establishment Ü 708esteem ¹ 184etc. f 945
eternity ½ 132ethics l 1821Europe õ 1699evade ¿ 1501evaluate é 1487even r 1484evening Ï 109eventide à 110evergreen oak Æ 2491every , 458everywhere ’ 1824evidence ã 380evil Ý 2853exam p 1278examination Î 1673example ‚ 972exceedingly • 2793excel > 914excellent : 970exchange É 842exclamation œ 2680exclude ¤ 1658excrement h 2653excuse o 1972exertion ” 1975exhaust e 1071exhausted ´ 1688exhibit ¦ 1301exhort ± 732exist $ 685exit m 767exorcism $ 2993expand ; 1118expecting ¬ 2208expense ¾ 1238expert ‚ 1269explanation ö 1908exploits Ð 1542expose ° 805exquisite U 123extensive ] 2212
INDEX 2: KEYWORDS & PRIMITIVE MEANINGS 397
extent Ý 894extinguish Ì 144extract ¿ 647extremity = 217eye ‡ 15eye-dropper I.27eyeball I.19eyeball Q 1467eyebrow Ê 2583
F _
fabricate S 950fabrication à 2331face W 1717face-up þ 1701faction $ 1855failure 2 331fair $ 2200faith = 969fall % 299fallible à 2720falsehood ‡ 1919familiarity ˜ 2719family crest • 1727family name ’ 1828fan í 1079fanning ÷ 2540far off í 2418fare ¤ 1004farm i 166fart Ö 2218fascination K 2023fasten Î 661fat š 456fat man I.29fate f 1400father 5 1274father-in-law + 2064
fathom — 149favor ˆ 612fear ë 613feast û 2799feathers – 573fed up À 2108fee [ 1178feed ´ 2797feelings ù 1537feet c 2953felicitation Ü 2603fell q 994female animal m 2551feminine § 563fence p 1056fenceposts I.379fend off Õ 2597fermentation — 1430fertilizer » 1756fervent ™ 1988few ¸ 106³b £ 2167³ber d 1341³ddle with S 2899³erce { 1456³esta I.135³ght y 1629³gure z 474³le – 812³lial piety [ 1253³lter º 2304³nger … 659³ngerprint I.327³ngers I.205³nish ò 1731³re J 161³replace I.71³ring ¡ 2542³rst day of themonth ; 2846³rst time Š 404
³rstborn son _ 2432³sh Ö 171³sh ³n ô 2827³shguts + 71³shhook I.42³shing Ô 172³st I.211³st Ì 2917³t § 253³t into % 2229³ve 2 5µag I.268µames Þ 2546µash 0 2774µat & 2188µats Û 1652µavor I 219µea ù 2681µedgling I.218µesh I.19µexed Q 2148µip ü 1911µoat I.139µoating 4 730µock s 1163µood I.60µoor I.15µour g 920µourish ¼ 326µower I.90µower P 1009µower pot ! 1032µuid È 1038µustered B 2340µute î 1111µy Á 1887focus Ó 124foe ² 2114fog _ 1228foil S 2634fold Û 1130
398 INDEX 2: KEYWORDS & PRIMITIVE MEANINGS
folding screen Û 2223follow „ 1298fond Y 99food I.336foolish T 1957foot of amountain à 2839
footgear 4 1057foothold Í 669footnote i 2727footprint I.140forces ¤ 1515ford Í 372forehead  295forest I 197forge 9 1860forget Ù 596fork in a road 9 2127forked Ö 2914formerly B 501formidable ÷ 2990fort ÷ 2045fortunate … 2563fortune-telling ç 48foster ï 1479founding d 2893four v 4fowl 9 2049fox ! 2342foxtail millet F 2654fragile Å 2462fragrant q 1681frame Ï 200freight Y 1010frequently Ý 2221fresh 1 551friend º 704frog £ 2693frolic ‹ 1994from ì 686front door ¬ 1638
frost ƒ 426frozen L 506frugal ¿ 1674fruit F 1121fuel U 1503full F 1169fundamentals _ 1767funnel I.394fur z 1913furball y 2533furrow Ÿ 1017furthermore Ä 1438fuse metal ã 2547
G _
gain “ 876gall bladder 6 31gallop Q 2809gamble = 1264game-hunting _ 1940garden ä 1419gargle ) 2288garlic ò 2404garment h 396gates – 1616gather T 559gauze ø 1342general r 1366generation › 28genesis S 1631genie I.210genius î 681gentle µ 728gentleman w 319genuine „ 1494germ ? 918germinate Ç 2377get ’ 2737
ghee E 2749ghost … 2019gigantic Ë 856gimp 6 2672giraffe ¹ 2840girder ³ 2483gist + 820give 6 1897give up á 2716gland ! 2466glass cover I.77glimpse „ 2927glistening ³ 2286glitter @ 2440glossary ˆ 2997glossy ã 1755glue I.30gnats I.181Go A 1766go in I.226go upstream P 2847go-between ` 956godown V 1630gods P 1119going ‘ 873gold F 269golden calf I.429gone É 750good d 1468good luck Ÿ 320goods õ 23goodwill ( 1097gorge ç 1265gorgeous B 2664go smoothly × 3001gossamer è 2673gossip − 2161gouge out f 2274gourd æ 2911governmentof³ce z 591
INDEX 2: KEYWORDS & PRIMITIVE MEANINGS 399
grab ô 2090grace 0 606graceful g 721gracious h 1907grade B 1859gradually ¡ 1659graduate ¢ 1025graft ¬ 2738grain rake ! 2501grains M 922grains of rice I.248grains of sand Ü 2296grandchild § 1393grandpa › 2334grant ¦ 1052grape F 2378grape vine ‰ 2379grapnel Û 2587grasp û 1752grass u 224grass skirt I.346grassy reed ä 2385grate L 1104grave ¦ 231graveyard I.92greatness ´ 999green k 1371green onion III.8grind $ 594grindstone B 2590grip 2 1059grope ) 1327ground I.67ground G 515groundbreaking Ç 1971group : 582grove n 196grow late n 694grow plentiful ¦ 2406grow up I.347grow wild £ 2381
grudge Ø 1420guard ! 186guess I 1103guest ª 294guidance ‚ 278guillotine I.365guilt & 1636gulf Ø 1749gully I.228gun c 762gunwale ì 2675gushing Þ 2295gutter w 1819guy G 702
H _
hackberry Ð 2514hackneyed Q 2901Hades d 2841haiku , 1633hair I.413hair of the head p 1924hairpin I.412halberd ^ 1225half } 1202halo I.336halo = 2439halt É 977hammer ¬ 2769hand # 637handle ; 690handmaiden Š 2196handsaw Ó 2759hang Ä 674hanging scroll Q 407happenstance û 333happiness a 1505harbor v 1800
hard up  1326harden ô 580harlot ³ 2198harm “ 1551harmony É 897harp 7 1591harvest µ 908hatchet 2 2333hate ‡ 626haven § 328hawk Ü 2237hawser „ 1963hawthorn | 2349hay M 2084haystack I.292haze ] 2779hazel J 2475he ª 883head I.37head w 1441headland N 1115heal ` 1709healing ² 2037healthy Á 974hear l 1626hearing C 1910heart P 595hearth I.71hearth « 1080heat å 1516heaven-high å 2104heavens ú 428heavy b 1675hedge ¤ 154hegemony þ 1895Heights + 1294heir u 1867helmet I.77helmet Ü 2854help š 1782helping hand ð 2919
400 INDEX 2: KEYWORDS & PRIMITIVE MEANINGS
hem — 2624hemlock ² 2488hemorrhoids » 2575hemp & 593hermit ä 986hermitage I 2056heron 5 2833hesitate Ç 2996hibernation b 2684hide ’ 1692high mountain ` 2226high-reaching ˆ 2224highness x 1310hill ° 1329hill of beans III.7hillock ± 1039hinder ì 1297hinge Š 1697hire Ö 2128history t 692hit c 1153hoarse Ì 454hoe n 2762hoist Û 664hold ³ 660hole ¹ 1316hollow reed 6 2364holly Í 2485hollyhock , 2391holy ¸ 825home á 1916home country Í 1848home town ø 1849homecoming o 1230hone ç 2560honey P 776honorable : 1398hooch j 2748hood I.77hoof â 2741hook I.42
hop – 1284hope d 1489horizon — 157horizontal e 1645horns I.35horse I.191horse + 1978horse chestnut Ÿ 514horse mackerel 7 2818hot water _ 546house I.79house B 541houseµy H 2685how many e 1381however ñ 953hug Ý 1387human legs I.34humanity _ 988humility E 630hump N 1561hundred ß 38hundred million $ 983hungry ƒ 1475hunt & 243hurry ¹ 1146husband & 838husk ² 710
I _
I 7 17I (one) t 457I Ching III.6I wonder é 2704ice I.154icicle ä 131idea [ 608II Î 355ill í 1682
illuminate Ñ 170illustrious Ö 2593imitation v 229immaculate | 2318immature M 896immediate ´ 2788immense G 2089immersed K 1149imminent J 2261impart 4 736imperialauthority b 2610imperial edict ä 342imperial order › 1667imperial seal º 2075imply Y 2211impress Á 2250in _ 39in a row,upside down I.389in front 2 290in the nick oftime ° 2433incandescent ¹ 2908incense ¡ 911inch ’ 2952incision W 2703include L 1588income 9 1510increase I.172increase † 502incur ¼ 807indecent Í 2336indications ‚ 887indigo / 2371individual ñ 973infancy × 1378infant I.223infatuation ¾ 2277inferiority — 862inµammation Ý 162
INDEX 2: KEYWORDS & PRIMITIVE MEANINGS 401
inµation x 1989ingest V 2182inherit š 1370inkstone Ô 2589inmost h 1891inn f 995inquire c 1145inscription j 275insect g 517insert c 1116inside » 1019insinuate B 2153inspection œ 1093Inst. Š 1304instant “ 1462instantaneously ½ 2431instead © 1395instruction r 341insult ) 2699integrity ë 2123intelligent Ú 852intention ƒ 600inter- o 209intercept ì 1192interchange ! 1043interment w 816interpretation ¿ 2263interrogative º 2960interval \ 1620interview Z 1956intestines ‘ 544intimate ò 1514intimidate X 364introduce Û 1359intuition ï 1769inundate / 2317invariably × 635inverted − 1959investigate Û 1781iris Ý 2366iron ÷ 846
irrigate ó 2079island S 1948island [alternate] T 2976isolate ½ 1312Italy Q 1161itch _ 2572item O 2029ivy I.69
J _
jade green z 2863jail » 2213jail cell I.363jammed in k 250Japanese cypress Û 2495Japanese cypress[old] … 2964Japanese Judas-tree ” 198Japanese oak à 2493jasmine ^ 2348javelin ¬ 2767jawbone I.308jealous 4 2195jet L 2565jewel * 256jeweled hairpin Ú 2962join n 1030journey ð 880jubilation ‰ 2001judgment | 1205jump ì 1409junior 6 878jurisdiction i 1405just so ¡ 388juvenile ‡ 436
K _
kalpa ¥ 2857kazoo I.168keg — 2755ketchup I.341key I.364key Ý 2761kick O 2742kidnap x 656kidney f 2453kill N 1493kiln å 1325kilometer , 2946kindle e 2537king ÷ 255kitchen p 2152kitchen stove Ý 2617kite í 2139kite falcon ¦ 2836knee Ó 2461kneel Ÿ 2745knot I.268know F 1223Korea H 1647kudzu Ò 2398
L _
label ˆ 2926labor ± 860lack µ 466lacquer Ô 932lad Ò 1716ladder Ù 2479ladle ð 68
402 INDEX 2: KEYWORDS & PRIMITIVE MEANINGS
lady ( 1151lagoon Ê 2039laid waste Œ 488lake þ 148lament U 621lamp a 165lamp [old] b 2972lance i 2516land @ 1513lap I.125lapel @ 2623lapis lazuli J 2557large Ø 107large goose £ 2313large hill @ 2928lass ÷ 1530last day of themonth { 2452lastly Ø 2570lathe › 2244laugh Ù 938laundry æ 577lazy · 629lead (metal) ç 794leader µ 731leaf è 228leak º 1068lean z 1011leap ¨ 1285learn H 574leather ¾ 1893lecture “ 1816leech ó 2696leek Ú 2081lees q 2649left Ù 77leg ˜ 1279legitimate wife ] 440leisure E 1625lend Ð 1007length ï 691
lengthen | 1921let it be ¹ 2074level 1 160levy = 378lewd ‡ 2298license { 765licensed quarters « 2235lick ° 2870lid ™ 2388lidded crock I.124lie ß 1141lie down B 1150life ´ 1555lightly ¦ 717lightning-bug ¢ 518likeness Ø 100limb ™ 714limit ï 1466limpid m 2446line I.241line û 1339lineage ˜ 1391lined kimono G 2625linen + 405liner U 1869link up › 2655lion “ 2345lips @ 2013listen ‹ 827little · 105livelihood © 232lively Ï 143liver : 1649livestock T 1384livraison Š 2645load þ 359local god • 2600location õ 545lock ) 383lock of hair I.411locket I.365
lofty # 2095logic 7 265loins » 1605loneliness ù 720long ˜ 1920long time ± 1016long-distance Ò 1281longevity 3 1565longevity [old] V 2995longing ò 792longing [old] ð 2984longness ÷ 2618look after 8 2115look back 0 1084look to r 854loose G 830loosen H 2242loquat Ç 2519lord ü 266lose Ï 845lose weight n 2577lot ö 1529lottery à 2082lotus ¥ 2360lotus blossom é 2362lotus µower 9 2361love ( 737lovely ’ 2002lower È 1831lowly ¦ 1511loyalty b 602lucidity ˜ 1704lull ½ 2140lumber % 683lunar month Q 2070lunatic ñ 260lungs 7 414lute % 2913luxuriant ’ 1337lye á 2867
INDEX 2: KEYWORDS & PRIMITIVE MEANINGS 403
M _
mackerel R 2820madder red / 2407made in º 419maestro I.305magic rod I.31magistrate ã 2898magnet ¼ 1390mahjong tiles 5 2873mail Ì 1847mailbox I.327majestic plural ¡ 2027make 6 1142make a deal ¬ 439make a pro³t „ 2118
make amends Ï
2059
make do } 2132
make headway œ
2269
male C 859
male animal *
2552
mallet Ê 2478
malt − 2753
mama ª 101
Manchu dynasty Q2877
mandala I.234
mandala R 2100
mandarin orange¤
2494
mandate š 3007
mane I.413
maneuver e 671
manipulate Á
801
mannerism }
1691
many − 108
map o 1180
maple tree J
404 INDEX 2: KEYWORDS & PRIMITIVE MEANINGS
2471march I.138marine blue w 2555market } 412marketing • 726marquis J 1639marriage È 1830marrow † 1290marry into A 542marsh Ë 137martyrdom { 809masculine Í 743mask s 1892masses L 1857mate H 2124matrimony „ 584matter ª 1156mausoleum h 1518me ì 1794meadow ã 134meal š 1473measles N 2574measurement š 45measuring box © 42measuring cup I.289meat Ò 1022mechanism n 1382mediator = 1761medicine ¦ 1736mediocre þ 62meeting I.103meeting l 752melancholy ¾ 616mellow l 310melodious µ 1469melon « 1877melt â 791membrane 2 233memorial Ú 2129memorize · 325menacing © 2026
mend » 2073mending I.143mention o 1524mercy ² 1389merit P 1276meritorious deed o 1677metal I.108metallurgy ™ 2137method À 751metropolis @ 1846mid-air a 1109migrating ducks I.417mile / 2950military of³cer Y 1095milk Ö 729mill Ÿ 2596millet ¨ 2605millimeter V 2948mimeograph p 1211mimic ‘ 1411mineral ˜ 741mingle H 1275minstrel } 2112mirror I.168mirror ù 483miscellaneous P 562miso ; 2177miss W 1926missile I.214mist I.32mistake C 1899mistress Á 2203mix Ï 450moat ª 2306mochi Š 2802model = 1960modest « 2422moisten 3 2320mold „ 680moment Þ 2144money I.45
monk I.77monk’s sash á 2701monkey I.278monkey á 403monme — 1027month ½ 13moo ] 2961moon I.18mop I.286more and more ¡ 2241moreover Õ 2034morning † 52morrow 7 2443mortar ¡ 2063mosaic I.383mosquito ^ 1728moss Î 2356moth f 2694mother-in-law õ 2205mottled â 2876Mount þ 1961mountain [ 768mountain goat I.419mountain peak Œ 773mountain stream• 840mountaintop … 2228mourning f 599mouse Q 2065mouth S 11move { 1676mow è 2387moxa ¿ 2538Mr * 1805mud è 1055mulberry m 698murky C 2843muscle I.239muscle : 941mushroom ì 2394music Á 1735musical score : 1787
INDEX 2: KEYWORDS & PRIMITIVE MEANINGS 405
mustard † 2376muster ¥ 2255mutually 3 757muzzle I.166my son m 2131myself , 2058mysterious é 1383
N _
nab • 2260nail I.49nail æ 2766naked ú 1124name e 112Nara ¹ 1094national µag i 1764nativity 8 393nautical mile ¡ 2951navigate ‹ 1870navy blue Ñ 1758near C 1129neck / 70neck and throat § 2796need ê 1604needle I.18needle [ 274negate § 1218negative # 1217neglect Æ 745neighboring t 1311nephew ì 2910nest h 1927nestle ° 2497netting } 1373new G 1502newborn babe − 58next µ 471nickname ¦ 1242
niece l 2201nifty ¢ 2133night š 1037nightbreak * 30nightfall œ 1974nightingale ú 2907nine G 9nitrate Ô 115No. Ù 1239node Þ 1464Noh chanting ë 1968nonplused Z 1720noodles t 2752nook i 2427noon 5 568north ë 445nose I.27nose Ì 678not ‰ 1049not yet J 216notebook y 1922nothingness [ 1775nourishing · 1388now Ä 1587nucleus ± 1520numb g 2355number ‰ 929nun Í 1054
O _
oak P 199oaken tub I.387oar È 2502obeisance F 1299obeisant ó 2612obese â 494obey ˆ 129obscure * 2445
observance ´ 1573obstacle ˜ 2592obvious a 2582occasion ! 1296occupation · 1034ocean á 549octopus î 2690of î 1214offering Ò 1615of³cer 3 693offspring ¡ 2097oil ± 1107ointment Š 2923old ò 16old boy p 1162old Kyoto # 2302old man ¾ 1251Old West I.359old woman ( 804olden times Ç 35on the verge of ù 2305once upon a timeË 1184one s 1one-sided ‰ 1212oneself À 36onion ã 2389only ï 53ooze ³ 636open ˆ 1622open sea ! 138or again : 696orchid 0 2363orders | 1401organize ª 1670Oriental elm a 2474ornate þ 2667orphan ö 1879other ¬ 961ought m 1718outburst Ü 1801outhouse I.229
406 INDEX 2: KEYWORDS & PRIMITIVE MEANINGS
outline – 1482outlook ? 572outpost d 2620outside ‘ 111outskirts – 1844outstanding ê 2272outstretched hands I.211oven-³re I.71overall j 1347overarching + 2435overcome ° 104overdo [ 1293overµow , 1454overgrown w 360overhang © 2236overjoyed a 2207overnight Q 147overpowering « 543oversee 2 1453overthrow I 980overturn & 2789owl I.414owl — 2837oyster I.35oyster ¦ 2697
P _
pack of wild dogs I.98packed ¥ 343paddy-³eld ridge – 2571paddy-ridge ‘ 1204page z 60pagoda O 254pain − 1690paint 3 1663painting of a deer I.426pair T 697palanquin Ô 2860
pale blue x 2399palisade = 2507pan- ‰ 2327panther ê 2734paper — 1829paper punch I.314parable H 2728parade I.137parade µoat I.139paragraph Ÿ 82parakeet ¬ 2830paralysis h 2579parasol tree = 3003parcel post ã 1858parch l 215pardon ä 1744parent V 1504park Ó 585park [alternate] å 2974parrot ` 2831parsley = 2396part _ 781part of speech Ÿ 1865part of the body I.19partial ‡ 1823particularly % 810partition ™ 783partner Q 2121party J 797pass through L 2970paste # 2650patent ½ 1715path − 1282pathetic & 401patrol … 285patronage w 2982pattern – 1413paulownia + 204pavilion Ç 311pay Y 738pay respects p 1864
peaceful Ê 1570peach tree Y 236pear tree 6 907pearl ( 258peck at à 2168pedestal × 744peek ø 2875peel off M 2145peep › 2613Pegasus I.191pelt µ 802penal ƒ 888penalty r 833penetrate ó 886penitential H 2083pennant R 2233pent in I.194people W 1834peregrine falcon z 2879perfect õ 187performance Ü 2007performing artist Z 2122perfume Æ 493period k 1765perish I.169permanence ½ 958permit Ñ 569persimmon ¥ 2481person ^ 951person in charge y 1392persuade ð 864perusal 1 855petition X 135petting C 2270phantasm å 1862pheasant C 2584philosophy ò 1131phlegm g 2573phoenix Ð 2142phosphorus p 2052phrase I 65
INDEX 2: KEYWORDS & PRIMITIVE MEANINGS 407
pick ï 733pick up B 667picket o 2484pickling · 1545picture … 1346piebald ¾ 2804pierce A 102pig-iron / 270pigeon v 1946piggy bank I.186piglets I.185piled high À 2185pillage E 2247pillar e 268pillow 3 2472pinch é 657pine tree Ç 785pining § 633pinnacle I.309pioneer z 2924pipe 5 1273pit W 306pitch dark M 2777pity È 1187place ‹ 1127place on thehead ™ 94placement N 832placenta Å 531plaid I.379plains Ÿ 1596plains [old] ï 2979plan L 214plane 7 118plank ‡ 724plant 0 205plantain * 2386plantation ð 358play Ê 1047play music Y 1571pleasure − 628
pleated skirt $ 2626pledge … 1549plentiful ] 2943pliable j 2786plot £ 337plotosid m 2526plow I.264plow £ 2756pluck c 1106plug ï 264plug up Z 1321plum ? 460plump ° 120pocket v 828podium ; 587poem ¡ 346Point À 1330Point [old] 6 2987pointed Ç 500poison š 1531pole I.82pole 4 2632poles ) 1903polish Ó 675polite ø 2706politics © 381pond K 516ponder Z 2276pongee  2666pony R 1979pop song ¤ 2178pork ² 538port Q 2309portable ‘ 687portent t 235porter I.173possess À 79possessed 5 2428post 4 824posture r 1818pot  2757
potato I.367potato y 1655pottery v 1966pour f 267poverty ú 782power j 858pox d 1684practice £ 1343praise Ê 998pray t 1128precious { 1771precious stone ó 2553precipitous Þ 1672preface Ÿ 1594prefecture Ö 513pregnancy Ü 507present ê 259presents Š 503press down on J 2259pressing Ú 2420pressure 9 152prevarication ² 2718previously j 1481price E 978princess Ü 849printing H 1069printing block Š 1213prison ¹ 338private • 902prize ç 796proceed ? 386proclaim è 188prodigal m 2357products c 1560pro³t 2 906progress H 2436prohibition 8 1098prolong × 392promise ¥ 1362promontory 2 778-proof  1164
408 INDEX 2: KEYWORDS & PRIMITIVE MEANINGS
property ( 682proportion Ë 1553propose Ø 665prosperous Ä 25prostrated N 962protect ˜ 997protein 7 2683proverb î 2723provisions c 926prudence R 1996pruning å 2941public N 784public chamber } 798publish î 1650pull … 1232pull through Y 2136punish { 679pup K 2341pup tent I.376pupil † 437puppet I.303pure ² 1539puri³cation ù 1732purple ˜ 1375purple willow ß 2473purse I.386pursue X 539pus ö 2455push ò 1114put in I.226put up (a notice) Œ 673puzzle I.264
Q _
quack « 2403quaff µ 2080quake ] 2010quandary Å 579
quantity g 177quarrel X 2160quarter I.294quasi- w 560queen ¨ 527query g 2713question “ 1617quick ™ 1669quickwitted † 2278quiet  1540quill 9 2780quire x 2231quit º 2032quiver I.135quote ° 2102
R _
rabbit I.421rabbit 0 2093racoon dog û 2338radiance ‚ 302raft t 2629rag I.268railing 2 2192rain ˜ 422rainbow Ó 520raise Î 1938rake I.284range o 356rank R 955rapidly Õ 1686rapids œ 1666rare £ 1723rather â 834ratio B 1737rattan box 3 2631raw cotton p 2512ray M 119
re- Œ 1081reach out ´ 688read œ 348reality × 1572reap ç 1488rebellion ƒ 2902rebuke ³ 352rebuttal ^ 2808receipt I.328receive Ø 308receptable â 2264recess ‹ 611recitation Æ 345reclining I.162recollection & 632recommend % 2000record Æ 1144recreation 8 1898recruit ¥ 861rectify ó 1221red Ó 1743red pepper I.341redaction e 2641reed # 242reef Õ 558re³ned · 1535reµect º 1742reformation y 528refreshing ^ 313refulgent ó 2544regiment Ó 1306register « 949regret É 1460regularity Y 903reign ¸ 746reinforce £ 2730reject Ê 1138rejoice ] 1445relatives É 2882relax H 190reliant S 971
INDEX 2: KEYWORDS & PRIMITIVE MEANINGS 409
religion ; 1100remainder m 808remains Ÿ 2874remonstrate @ 2708remorse þ 631remote f 2419remove ô 760rend & 806renowned q 1258reparation ¦ 985repast j 2798repay S 1432repeatedly ü 373repel Ì 857repent t 625report ³ 1507repose © 2621reprehend f 2156repress ñ 1700repudiate 1 1634reputation Ó 1939request ¼ 934research Á 1320resemblance Ü 114reserved õ 2868reside Ê 1063residence ä 1841resign  1497resin I.345resist Ö 1832respect ì 1803respect for elders Õ 2283responsibility Û 1003rest ³ 965restore P 875resucitate 6 2940resurrect M 2380retainer S 848retch ¹ 2999retreat Ñ 1465return ‘ 725
revelation ² 247revered ¨ 1439review Ï 1618revile … 2390revise à 339revolve % 420rhinoceros õ 2069rhyme ‘ 481rhythm A 874ri = 173rib Å 2463rice y 919rice bran | 2652rice ³eld , 14rice gruel æ 2243rice plant w 910rice-³eldfootpath Æ 2072
rice-seedling I.343riddle ¿ 2709ride ñ 1585ridgepole [ 505ridicule E 829right “ 78righteousness – 641rin m 178ring 0 836rinse ¸ 2292riot ( 72rise up à 43rising cloud I.152rising sun 4 27risk à 18ritual ø 1102river I 146river pool ª 2323rivet ñ 2763road I.114road-way Š 277roast ö 2548rob ô 566
robust X 321roc Ñ 2829rocksalt ± 2866rocky Ø 2230rocky beach r 2594rod ß 1575romance › 1748roof % 1058roofbeam ] 2299room Ñ 754roost − 2496root Í 1461roots I.277rope I.34rose of Sharon u 2915rot 7 1023rotation ø 1046rough seas À 2321round K 44rouse | 526route ? 1661row u 1785rowboat ß 1876rowing k 1175rub ; 644rubbing ™ 2258rubbish ` 2219rudder º 2674rue • 1483ruggedmountains ! 2225rule ’ 88ruled lines œ 2698rumble ¬ 2729rumor ß 499run { 384run alongside Û 795rush R 2805rush mat ( 2383rust T 2771rust-colored # 2038
410 INDEX 2: KEYWORDS & PRIMITIVE MEANINGS
rustling š 2619rut } 288
S _
sabre I.46sabre Ä 1671sack Ï 1006sacred Shintotree / 2490sacri³ce “ 643sad « 1635saddle N 2782saddle straps í 2784safeguard � 700sagacious p 1014sail „ 406saké , 1428salad I.290salarium Ä 2602salary Æ 1349saliva ³ 2165salmon � 2815salt é 1458salute ˆ 1087salvation º 936same | 180samurai I.125sand Þ 117sandalwood A 2525sandwiched í 1267Sanskrit ka Z 2959sapience µ 2905sapling III.8sardine z 2813sash Ä 415sated Ï 1480savings r 194saw I.282
say í 335sayeth Q 578scaffold ` 367scaled u 2054scales I.368scar Ð 2578scarecrow I.354scarf I.147scarlet ¹ 2659scatter _ 1189scenery “ 314scepter I.104scheme @ 948school house I.127scissors I.304scissors š 2773scold Í 2179scorn B 989scorpion I.179scout « 2154scrapbook I.395scratch d 2252screw ù 2691screwdriver I.290scribe z 529scroll ñ 1207scurry ‹ 2086sea } 461sea bream Õ 2812seacoast ø 1332seagull û 2828seal I 156search a 1120seasons u 912seat Ç 1193seaweed y 2035seclude ¼ 1380second î 899secrecy O 775secret ¸ 904secret agent ” 2726
section H 1845sedge ” 2410sediment + 2300seduce ª 86see Ø 57seedling ï 234seep ( 2291seethe Z 1237seize ³ 701self ÷ 525self-effacing Ù 1600sell � 323semi- } 564send back B 837sensitive ¢ 2434sentence k 1725separate ƒ 90sequential x 1854set ‘ 1064set aside @ 1188set free ½ 496set straight â 2892settlement ó 1356settlings T 2648seven Ì 7severance ? 1136sew Ä 1563sex § 1558shade ‹ 1592shadow ¹ 1712shake F 2011shaku ñ 1070shaku hachi I.271ShakyamuniBuddha ¼ 2955shallow ò 369shalt ] 2105sham 6 966shame I 823shape I.377shape † 1711
INDEX 2: KEYWORDS & PRIMITIVE MEANINGS 411
sketch ì 670skids « 1396skill Œ 712skin 8 1992skirt á 800skunk I.421slacken 7 1952slander ½ 2724slap ï 1793slaughter G 2143slave I.237slave ‹ 2036sled ,
2521sleep X 1835sleeve £ 1108slender ü 1790slender bamboo Ù 2639sliding door ù 2627slingshot I.301slip out s 705slippery Ñ 1289slope * 723slow Q 1067sly Î 2335small I.53small bell Š 1406small craft 9 2068smash ö 116smoke ß 1612snake I.182snake í 519snapping turtle × 3000snapshot K 822snare I.300snore Ü 2944snow à 1143so-and-so Þ 1759so-called i 2725soar ™ 2933sociable Ê 1970soft É 470
soil F 150soldier o 1331solely µ 556solemn j 1733solicit ¾ 1536solitude o 2310solution g 947somebody X 1248someone é 1256son Á 1851song H 469soot A 2541soothe » 2210sorceress B 2930sort { 931sort of thing 5 241soul Ó 2021sound 3 479soup ^ 140source è 142souse / 2314south Ç 1613southeast ö 2861sovereign Ð 435sow I.184sowing Á 2395soy sauce è 2746span Ò 32span [old] Ñ 2985spare time E 1882spark I.57sparkle Æ 22sparkler I.380sparrow – 2878sparse v 2611spatula † 2633speaketh M 1117spear I.298special – 246specialty é 46species ) 1679
specimen C 1455speckled † 2556speech I.130sphere Æ 1208spicy Y 1496spike I.49spin a tale w 2176spinal column Ñ 2071spindle ƒ 1584spindle tree 5 2489spine ¨ 24spinning á 1357spiny q 2498spirit q 1885spirits ‘ 1791spit 1 151splash ? 218splendor T 1581split ™ 813split up ¼ 2714spoils  2273spoke è 2731sponsor æ 987spool I.216spoon 0 444spot ( 169sprain ä 2845spray m 2307spread 1 1883spring ñ 133springtime r 1568sprinkle ^ 2271sprout I.276spy Ê 981squad Œ 1229square jewel ‚ 155squat ã 1024squeeze 9 1324St. Bernard dog I.54stab £ 1319stagnate Ë 416
412 INDEX 2: KEYWORDS & PRIMITIVE MEANINGS
stalk Ÿ 715stalwart p 2889stamen Þ 2393stammer ¡ 2175stamp I.324stamp | 1425stand up C 431standard y 841standstill q 2423staple gun I.401staples I.329star « 1556star-anise ! 2532stare Š 237start y 2872starve i 1476state ? 128state of mind I.197stately Î 2138station Ë 1984stationary ” 2991statue … 1977stature 6 446status ° 292status quo ! 239steadily 4 1135steal ] 1451stealth Ý 1322steam % 1900steed v 2060steel š 1962steep q 2061step r 1287stern ä 1936stew  2549sticky ë 921stiff z 695stimulate Œ 1280stinking I 122stipend ° 1574stirred up f 565
stitching II.8stocks Û 222stole w 2700stomach f 29stone Í 113stop Œ 370stop short C 2937stop-over l 1982store ü 588storehouse ‰ 850storey ‰ 1309storm * 777straddle + 2744straightaway Ÿ 73strainer Y 2328strand ’ 1263strange ` 126strangle ƒ 1348stratum ] 1065straw Õ 2400straw raincoat R 2354straw rope Å 1377strawberry U 2350strawman I.293stream ë 127street s 91streetwalker III.4strengthen é 2240stretch I.145stretcher j 2803strict Ç 853strike ¸ 653string Þ 2661stripe ß 2671strong è 1235strong saké ‡ 2751strung together I.391strung together ¤ 2676stubborn V 61study ¿ 324stuff up ù 2190
stumble È 2740stupid L 1683sturdy ¤ 1964sturdy oak Ç 2509style Å 353subjugate ¦ 881submerge õ 844submit Ú 1796subscription • 1817substance Ö 1137substitute Ö 1005suck µ 689suckling infant ¸ 2193sue â 787suffering N 225sugar i 1158suit of armor œ 2076suitable ï 441sulfur L 763sultry Œ 1260summarize ! 2663summer @ 296summit · 1562summit [alternate]¸ 2977summons ³ 2678sunµower I.23Sung dynasty [ 2215sunglasses I.233sunshine î 1300superµuous ò 300superintend ì 1499supinate d 2909supplement ¢ 1840suppose ¦ 684surface è 1546surname ¥ 1557surpass Î 387surplus ó 1586surround U 1807sushi A 2826suspend Ë 1394
INDEX 2: KEYWORDS & PRIMITIVE MEANINGS 413
suspicious s 716swallow à 2869swamp å 1072sweat * 1651sweep b 1152sweet 1 1757sweet oak © 2505sweet potato ˜ 2402sweet smelt 2817sweets A 2801swell ã 1719swift h 280swim ¾ 136swing Ü 1967swirling waters µ 2290sword M 83sword’s point Î 2768symmetricallypatterned ± 2897
sympathize with œ 2051symptoms Ò 1685synthesis s 2660system £ 418sðtra ™ 1360
T _
T’ang N 1157tag M 212tail Å 1915tail feathers I.412tailor ü 397take þ 819take along ¦ 287tale Ê 344Talking Cricket I.418tall ¢ 307tame Ä 2807tariff I 1778
task Y 1227taskmaster I.128tassel Û 1078tatami mat # 1784tax Ä 895tea [ 252teach î 1254teacup Ù 2591team of horses I.423teardrops « 2294tears y 1082technique © 421technique [old] å 2352teenager I.53teepee I.375tempering § 2030temple grove 8 2500temporarily l 1134tempt × 766ten Y 10ten thousand £ 64ten thousand [old] © 2969tenacious Î 1506tender ] 1226tenderness ¸ 993tendril H 2359tenebrous Ä 2935tense ; 1374terminate œ 2787test ¢ 354testicle Á 2929texture h 66Thanksgiving I.136thatching § 2397the following õ 575thick R 125thigh % 2454thin , 164thing ] 1050think „ 605third class m 1020
thirst Ð 451this ˆ 2890this here  2043thong ” 1344thorn r 417thornbush − 2938thou Ë 2303thousand æ 40thread – 1333threaten õ 871three X 3throat V 2164throw V 706thunder ! 425thwart O 1780ticket à 1206tide ‡ 141tie º 1351tied up I.34ties î 2658tiger I.424tiger ) 1990tight ? 2614tighten Þ 1340tile é 1031till … 1808timber-trees 5 1446time ´ 159-times n 586tin ÷ 2764tin can 8 1965tinker with ´ 2558tinkling ‡ 2568tobacco } 2347together ß 1795toil ¡ 865token 6 1001tolerant ÷ 226tomb b 1198tomb sanctuary ë 2239tombstone · 1512
414 INDEX 2: KEYWORDS & PRIMITIVE MEANINGS
tome G 1826ton « 2949tongue â 41tongue wagging I.18too much Ñ 1657tool I.43tool S 74tooth © 1171tophat I.121topic Û 389torch j 2536tortoise † 534torture © 1255touch Ù 672tough 1 2971towel I.149towel 2 2101tower ¼ 1624town ª 208toy O 2567track down ø 2413tracks Ô 1746trade æ 1424traf³c ° 1408training — 2088tranquilize ¥ 276transcend • 385transcription E 2922transfer ö 847transit 9 1195transition + 1610translate § 1073translucent V 2920transmit ) 963transparent t 915transport ´ 289tray ¡ 1872tread ) 1286treasure µ 257tree … 195tree-trunk ù 1654
treetops È 201tremendously d 1768tribe Ÿ 1222tribute ” 81trickle Ë 2778triµe / 2116trim ¾ 2353trip S 1048tripod ç 2865triumph ‹ 2077trouble ñ 1935trout 6 2814true O 75trunk ˆ 182truss [ 1376trust þ 1665tryst + 2417tug Ð 2550tumor * 2467tuna 4 2816tune “ 349turf Ü 1216turkey I.188turkey-coop I.190turn Ÿ 1909turn into ¨ 361turnip G 2401turret ª 2508turtle I.97tusk b 1904twenty Ô 1190twig û 298twine / 2656twinkle ™ 2534twirl é 2266twist Å 1509two Ì 2two hands I.209two-mat area ¿ 1486tyrannize ¬ 1998
U _
ugly U 2020umbrella I.102umbrella Y 1026un- À 1632civilized & 2470uncle d 718uncommon b 1797unde³led ¸ 1548understandably ‹ 2087undertake Y 375undress õ 498uneasiness U 1995unfold û 1925unhulled rice ‘ 2651universal 3 1786unlucky £ 1415unravel m 1814until @ 2421unusual ˆ 1745upbringing Ò 2942upright Ì 55upside down, in a row I.389urge W 282urine Ù 1053use q 990usual ø 799Utamaro C 2894utensil ^ 121utilize ä 1181utmost è 821
INDEX 2: KEYWORDS & PRIMITIVE MEANINGS 415
V _
V 4 2967vague Y 230valentine I.197valley ú 788value 9 1603valve – 742vapor r 1886various ™ 1261vase I.156vast e 1234vat j 1176vegetable û 734vegetable patch › 2918vehicle I.116vein T 1856vendetta N 2707venerable old manø 786venison Ê 2216veri³cation à 1980verify e 2710vermilion $ 221versify E 1589vertical a 1338vessels Æ 699vestiges Õ 2743vicarious Ú 1739vice- O 89victory § 1209vie Þ 434villa v 322village ‰ 92villain à 1490vine º 1945vinegar n 1434violate ô 2194violent ± 497
violet „ 2099VIP û 511virtuous 3 1035vis-a-vis Á 1726viscera Ü 2456visit a shrine ¤ 2715voice ¹ 1896voiced ê 835void Ð 1993volume Î 1543vow ½ 1133vulgar š 968vulture I.218
W _
wagging tongue I.18wagon I.116wait Å 879waiter ¬ 976waitress I.337walk Ÿ 371walking legs I.117walking stick I.26wall I.221wall | 1500wand I.31wandering ¹ 1470war ì 1929ward J 1696ward off è 1302wardrobe k 2635warehouse ø 589warm 1 1452warmth @ 1949warped Ë 2862warrior ¹ 377warship ; 1875wash ó 249
watch over 3 638watch³re ’ 2535watchtower · 930water v 130water-lily I.339water’s edge Ú 2312waterfall Ý 537waves # 803wax À 2688Way # 2412weak ú 1236wealth I.48wealth ) 193weather I.153weave 3 1334wee hours ´ 189week Q 318weekday Þ 576welcome ª 1702welfare ” 1091well m 1806well ³nished ‡ 2197west » 1602wet ‚ 1627whale « 315wharf % 2189what 7 1012wheat I.244wheel s 1822wherefore Æ 1105whetstone C 2595whey Ú 2747whip — 2783whirlpool ¢ 1292whirlwind I.122whiskey bottle I.330whisper Ø 2157whit Ô 2046white R 37white bird I.27who? ! 2712
416 INDEX 2: KEYWORDS & PRIMITIVE MEANINGS
whole 6 263wholesale / 1397wick T 2368wicked î 1906wicker basket I.384wide b 739widespread ˆ 2301widow C 617wife ë 1889wild dogs I.98wild duck â 2835wild goose U 2150wild mulberry ¸ 2517willow ª 1421wilt u 2135wince ê 2275wind I.34wind K 524winding l 1369window p 749windpipe } 2159wing ö 1798wings I.192wink s 817winnow à 2647winnowing fan M 2643winter K 427wipe / 2254wisdom J 1224wish ç 1590wistaria n 1210witch % 2022with child A 2012withdraw j 1318wither ü 206
within ê 2900within my ability × 2173without exceptionÒ 2430withstand ó 1770wolf ¼ 2339woman œ 98womb Ì 748wonder ü 1987wooden bowl × 2487wooden hammer ª 2477wooden ladle ò 2510wooden leg I.307wooden pestle § 2503wooden pole I.82wooden spoon F 2891wool I.188word B 347words I.130work z 1678work a ³eld µ 2111world ƒ 251wormwood È 2375worship 0 1564wound ¥ 996wrap ± 530wrenching è 2251wretched ] 1721write – 327writing brush Ù 943
X _
X V 2968
Y _
yam — 2365Yamato È 2106yarn I.323yawn I.164year æ 1036year-end ñ 512yearn ƒ 2280yell ò 1042yellow ü 1750yesterday : 1140yield a 1060yonder T 183young ø 223young miss ? 2206younger brother Ô 1240younger sister ) 220
Z _
zelkova ´ 2527Zen 7 1930zero Œ 1402zoo I.146
INDEX 2: KEYWORDS & PRIMITIVE MEANINGS 417
HH _
§ ! 1809# 2958g 1323% 1295£ 2693
§© $ 2200& 401( 737) 2248K 2437
HJ + 2417o 209/ 2371
HJUh 0 444HJg � 1620HLL + 2417
l 752Z 1956§ 253} 1174
HNmm # 826‡ 374
HNNšš û 2799HP Á 1534
x 2399‚ 2588
HPJ , 2391HPT™ = 3003HPVV þ 1701HPš ÷ 2540HQ / 2407
X 2187$ 221Ó 1743¹ 2659
HQJJ ¹ 2908HQRt ‹ 272HQZ ¸ 2193HQ^ ã 380HRf Ö 513HQkS $ 1201HRqLL • 1817HQt / 2407HQQ™™ b 2972
g 20HRRšš î 49
Û 664l 2449
Î 1938x 1989
HQššJJ g 20HS 4 27
À 2566m 2446E 900Ä 25* 30ö 2529e 2710– 2934
HSqLL ¬ 439• 726æ 1424
HS˜ 4 27À 2566Š 2851l 2449m 2446¹ 2074Ä 25z 2863t 2677* 30J 1224
INDEX 3
READINGS
Index 3 includes all the standard readings for all the kanji treat-ed in volumes I and III. The full range of readings for names isnot, however, covered here. Katakana is used for on-yomi andhiragana for kun-yomi; okurigana are set in bold type. Referencesare to the frame in which the kanji was first introduced.
† 437± 2897ö 2529V 2920‡ 2568– 2934
HS˜̃QQ g 20í 69Ä 25Å 87V 2920m 2446* 2467Ø 433Æ 22½ 1715a 2582a 2543ß 1789
HS˜ŒŒšš á 2716HSSšš Ñ 2149
Ï 1480HS››šš ² 2181§· 1 1810
2 10593 2320
HUf † 2376HVtš À 2108HW * 30
¹ 2659$ 221
HW‡u ‘ 2448HWWšš ˆ 1622
W 1317g 20
HXš Î 1938Û 664h 648
HZ Ã 2795
HYR››šš ƒ 2280H[ † 52
& 593H] ° 185H[JJ ò 369H]Wšš Å 2155H]qLL Å 1509H[y 4 27H]‹UU ’ 1762
ß 1141² 2718
H]““QQ 1 551Ý 2559
H^ 5 24116 2364« 1396˜ 1279Ð 2098
H_ 7 2818I 219
H^f * 307 2443
H_¡¡LL I 219HaWš Õ 1595Ha‰ X 504Ha‰“ Ç 311Ha[ 8 1498Hb * 1651Hc – 2571
‘ 1204Hbšš Ð 557HdzŒ ‰ 2199
³ 2198Hd}} Ê 1047Hg ² 2114HfJ 9 1603
E 978HfLL ô 2004HfNNšš Ò 1246
HfQ‘‘ Í 2281= 1417
HffQQJJ 1 1452@ 1949
Hf‰ w 1441Hf˜^̂JJ G 1502Hf™™ Œ 284Hfšš c 1153Hk 3 2320
] 2212K 2409| 2318− 2279° 2931
§Ì 9 152: 2781
HkJJ R 125Œ 1260™ 1988å 1516| 2318− 2279Œ 1260° 2931
HkQLL ; 690Hk^ 3 2320
| 2318‡ 2751− 2279° 2931
Hk‰‰šš T 559¿ 2263´ 2939ê 2772
HkŒŒšš T 559K 2409ˆ 2997P 2732e 2641
INDEX 3: READINGS 419
Hm = 1417Hmmšš X 761
c 1153Ho 9 1379
Ð 2578Ô 1746Õ 2743
HokT ] 440Hq ¹ 1316
Z 96W 306
Hqppšš B 989Hr | 103
Ì 448Ht ? 2206
y 413HtZ ? 2206HwUU Ü 1801Hw˜ Å 2463Hw››šš Ü 1801Hzzbbšš ô 789Hzzšš ô 789H}qqJJ [ 1416H}˜ š 456
± 1107â 494Š 2923
H|››šš u 2315H‰ ú 428
Í 1054˜ 422
H‰JJ 1 1757H‰t^̂ : 317
3 1786’ 1824
H‰Š Õ 2055H‰šš Ñ 1657HŠ } 1373
ø 1342
H‹‹ ‹ 1825HŒ A 2801
˜ 422ú 428i 1158
H“ B 2664C 2668ç 2560± 2897• 1727â 2876½ 1715þ 2667
H“LLJJ [ 1416÷ 2871
H“^̂JJ s 716Ø 2078` 126
H“kšš e 671H“‰hh [ 1293
C 1899ê 1250
H“‰šš C 1899ê 1250à 2720
H• ! 2817H•‹‹ Ÿ 371H˜JJ Œ 488
J 1777H˜LL ó 249
™ 2293¸ 92/ 2314æ 577
H˜Q_ŒŒ Ð 1593˜ 741
H˜^ * 777H˜̃`̀ Œ 488H˜aa À 1632
H˜dLL m 1154â 787
H˜ff G 1502H˜fQ ó 2544H˜fŒŒšš y 528
Ï 2059H˜o C 2595H˜¡` q 1258
è 1546H˜¡››šš ê 259
è 1546H™ — 2686
˜ 2094Hš E 2091Hšš $ 685
À 79¦ 684
HšJvv E 2091HšUU Ÿ 371H››šš Œ 488
G 2401H¡ F 2654
Á 533? 218
H¡JJ , 164H¡b G 2625H¡bbšš § 253H¡¡bbšš n 1030
á 872H¡fg^̂JJ g 624H¡mmšš g 624H¡›› & 401H¡››‹‹ œ 2051
& 401§û H 190
I 2056J 2259K 480L 214
420 INDEX 3: READINGS
M 2777N 2782O 203/ 2442‘ 873
H¥a O 203
JJ _
J m 1806n 1519o 1262= 2408
© 5 2411P 1028Q 1161R 955S 971T 1643U 1807V 2881W 913X 364Y 1095Z 2276[ 608] 1096^ 1051_ 2480` 1918a 2569b 1797c 898d 1341e 1645f 29g 2355h 396
i 2725j 1644k 1772l 1694µ 556C 2937ˆ 2997È 2106_ 2480A 2801¦ 24064 2816
JLL i 2725° 2102í 335
JN B 541JNNšš ² 2037JPL L 763JP™ I 2056JR y 2532JQQ`̀ ´ 1555
Ï 143JQah ! 425JQg t 2629JQ™ Û 2587
ð 2765JQšš H 703JS y 925
” 610q 1885
©´ o 356JSPJJ ¤ 1515
X 364JSpPšš c 1199JSSšš Ï 143
´ 1555JUU e 1381
‘ 873¿ 1132
©· p 759q 2424æ 2243
JU[ t 301ì 1929
JW K 516JWrN ³ 1559
“ 643JYLL ‹ 611J[P o 1677
O 863J[T—JJ ¸ 1548
` 2219J[[QQ Ô 2046J]qLL É 916J[‰‰^̂JJ ¹ 1407J[‹ ¹ 1407J[ŒŒšš @ 2708J^ Í 113J^aN G 394J^}Š · 1512J_Œš Q 2373
¬ 1998J_š ´ 2558J` _ 2480JaŠ ñ 133JbS Ô 2191Jd r 2594JdR^̂JJ Ú 618JdV ¹ 1146Jf ‡ 724
Š 1213JfJJ − 1690JgUU » 645
Ý 1387Jf`̀ O 756
´ 289Jfa˜ 6 878JfgS ™ 94
INDEX 3: READINGS 421
& 2789JfgUU È 2702
™ 94Jf‹‹ U 621
− 1690JfŒŒšš ¥ 996Jfšš › 753
k 755@ 2421° 292
Jf¡šš ± 860Jh } 412©É s 1
t 457v 1973
JhZ U 2350Jh_š^̂JJ q 1258Jk 4 2967©Ì u 2315
v 1973s 1
JkU^̂‹‹ ² 1389Jkkk 2 5Jk¡šš ‡ 1919
ß 1141Jo ë 2669
– 1333/ 2656
JoLL Ñ 2149JoVh ” 1344Jo^̂JJ ( 737Joq‹‹ · 1034Jp‹‹ „ 658Jq w 910
§ 1218Js K 2341
Ñ 238JsJ ê 463Jt w 910
Ju^^ o 1262Juh f 1400Jušš t 1128
e 2598Jw˜ x 472
− 2938Jw™ Ù 1053JzS Ü 2944Jzk Ë 2862J‰ Ä 1587J‰^ŒŒšš w 676
› 1667¥ 336
J‰gg J 216J‰‰¡¡^̂JJ f 599J‹‹ f 599J‘ y 1655
— 2365˜ 2402
J‘Lo ) 220J“ Ñ 2149
È 1598¡ 2241
J“^̂JJ ( 2735¦ 1511
J“^̂‹‹ ¦ 1511J““`̀ ² 2037
l 1694` 1709
J—J— ° 2433J˜gkk Q 2373Jšš Ê 1063
â 1249ö 2548k 1566ê 1604× 779™ 2137
J››šš × 779
Ù 790Jœ 5 1753Jœpšš í 1714Jœ™ « 1080J¡ N 2978
R 770¢ 2586
J¡LL h 1089J¡P N 2978J¡UU Q 578J¡^ z 2813J¡“ c 2615J¡¥¥““ ð 145©û { 765
| 1425} 2159‚ 56ƒ 583„ 584… 1232† 1474‡ 2298ˆ 2921‰ 2374Š 1304‹ 1592Œ 1313‘ 481¨ 20063 479
©ûÉ ’ 2952
LL _
L ™ 2041š 2832
« “ 78” 1656
422 INDEX 3: READINGS
• 1944– 573— 2415˜ 422š 2832· 2126Ç 2599À 79y 1655& 2470
LN î 49LNNšš i 1476
ƒ 14750 205ð 358
LP Ö 171LQRLL › 2613
p 1864ø 2875” 2726
LRkk ù 2616ß 2066
LQQ}} 4 730LQQšš 1 735LUU 4 730LVJ` ú 2907LWf‰¡¡šš ¾ 1901LWWšš 1 735
¾ 1536Ø 308
LZQQ`̀ { 1676LZU { 1676
m 2357L[T 0 2093L^ œ 2040
È 245L_ ’ 1828L^P Ã 110
‡ 141
L^qLL Ï 845W 1926
L^œœ 9 1379L` Ÿ 2596
¡ 2063La ¢ 1292L`JJ V 227L`Ts è 2673LafQJJ À 2185LaŒŒšš ( 179
ù 2190L`˜̃VV V 227Ld £ 2167Lf ¤ 2178
¡ 346H 469
LfJ ë 1968LfLL ë 1968LfRLL ” 1410LfX Ö 191Lh » 1019
; 2973Lkk ° 709
â 1249¸ 653o 340ö 1698¦ 881− 649© 1255ï 1793
«Ì ¥ 2856¦ 2406
LkU^̂JJ Ë 548$ 2200‡ 2197
Lk`̀ á 1247+ 1610¿ 647
º 1742c 898p 1211
LjfNNšš N 1139â 787
Lk‡ j 2786Lkšš á 1247
º 1742c 898
Lk¡ ^ 121Ln Ú 1418Lmq × 744LoJJ F 1668
— 2415E 2922
LqR`̀ Œ 1280LqT § 2811Lq_ Ÿ 82Lqšš E 1589Lt – 2571
Ÿ 1017Lw ¨ 2204LwLL ô 566L} c 1560L„qLL ë 351L‰ + 1978
5 568L‰JJ _ 1241
Š 455L‰“ Ë 1984L‰š ( 179L‰›š ´ 1555LŠ } 461
ö 2455L‹‹ À 2108
c 1560ö 2455´ 1555
LŒ ? 460
INDEX 3: READINGS 423
LŒŒšš ( 179L‘‘››šš ( 179L“L“^̂JJ ì 1803L“‰LL ’ 334L˜ ª 1837
: 399Þ 1838
L˜qLL ç 48í 2103
L˜‹‹ Ø 1420É 1460þ 631
L˜ŒŒ^̂JJ É 1460L˜“‹‹ þ 553L™ « 1877Lšš � 323
“ 876LšPLL ‚ 1627
ß 2329Lš^ Ô 932Lš‹‹ ‚ 1627Lš¡^̂JJ ’ 2002L›J A 901
¾ 616L›NNšš A 901
¾ 616L›^̂JJ a 2207L››šš l 310LœY u 2054L¡[ − 2161«û ° 2102
± 303² 423= 2439© 4211 1452
NN _
N ´ 2797s 139t 1021‹ 713
− c 1170… 1346Š 2851l 752n 586h 396S 971q 2886ˆ 612¾ 2319Å 1646p 400
−© µ 2905· 1034¸ 2193¹ 1712º 1742» 2848¼ 326½ 132¾ 136¿ 2849À 2566Â 2790Ä 1741Å 1646Æ 345Ç 500
NRUU c 1170ì 670… 1346
−´ ^ 1051È 1038É 1689Ê 1881Ë 1984¤ 884§ 1073
NVšš f 2274N[ ´ 2797Ng ‹ 713−É Í 452
Ï 1618−Ì } 2159
Ì 619Í 452Î 387Ï 1618Q 578
NuS Ð 2514Nz V 2689Nz` V 2881
& 2470¤ 1747
N‹‹ Ù 938N“Š É 1689N˜JJ T 1643N˜}} î 2253
* 1804ã 1074
N™ @ 2623A 1099G 2625
Nšš ³ 701“ 876
−û = 1417Ñ 2149Ò 1811Ó 585Ô 2191
424 INDEX 3: READINGS
Õ 2055Ö 191× 392Ø 1420Ù 2057Ú 1951Û 795Ü 2007Ý 162Þ 2546ß 1612à 2869á 403â 1372ã 1755ä 1419å 2974æ 402ç 794é 1458, 2058¦ 2836Ý 1950W 2966‡ 2197Å 2325} 2159¤ 154
PP _
P % 1295” 1344Å 1915È 2502· 105: 1398Í 743
± • 1944ê 2900ë 12451 1810
PJ ì 2910Ã 2644
PJmm ê 2900PJJšš ¾ 1251PLL « 1268
; 63X 539
±« í 33î 1740ï 928ð 880ñ 607ò 1114ó 2450ô 1751õ 1699ö 1698÷ 255ø 786ù 2627ú 2907û 2828ü 1750â 2835C 1932Ü 2237¹ 2999¬ 2830Ë 2180ð 880y 261
PLT í 1079PL‹ ` 2831
¬ 2830PNNšš F 1352
PPJJ − 108“ 1191L 1857
PPLL Ù 2057™ 2388V 1611v 2358© 2236Õ 2055¼ 8071 409
PPQŠ ¼ 2339PPSSJJ Ø 107PPbb þ 1701PPlk à 532PPo™ £ 2313
Ð 2142Ñ 2829
PP‹tt – 1482PP“W N 784PQ þ 1961
° 1329@ 2928@ 1513
PQ`̀ ? 1148‹ 1414à 18
PR‹‹ 0 1564PS ! 138PT # 242PSm š 3007PSq ø 786PTqLL ¢ 1840PSSšš | 526PUU ï 928
@ 1188N 832‰ 297
±· $ 983
INDEX 3: READINGS 425
% 1058& 632( 2460
PUšš | 2016Š 503
PU››šš Q 10679 1379
PW ) 2530j 1176
PY`̀ | 526ö 1426
PZdQQ ä 1936PYfšš Æ 745
· 629E 829
PYqLL ‘ 873PYšš H 703
õ 2858ö 1426
P[ ˜ 1920R 2906
P[NNšš ò 1114P[[NNšš ñ 1700
9 152J 2259
P[qJJ × 1378P[‰š 9 1510P[‹ Q 1161
_ 2432° 2931ì 686Ô 2130
P[ŒŒšš ¸ 746@ 1722ó 13569 1510w 1354Ô 2130P 2732
P^ # 2958P_ L 967
d 718P^̂JJ È 1187P^NNšš î 1254P_WWšš ê 2275P^̂‹‹ È 1187P`̀ ò 1114
* 2552u 663Á 2250Í 7439 152ä 651
PdJJ Q 1067/ 2442œ 1974
PdLL M 2025Pd›› U 1995Pd››šš a 2569
Ý 2853ê 2275/ 623ë 613U 1995
Pdœœ^̂JJ ë 613Pd¡¡šš î 1254Pgmmšš ÷ 2540Pg““QQ 2 1147
µ 728±É Î 387Ph % 299PhJšš G 1315Phhšš ´ 1314
¨ 1307% 299Œ 1402
±Ì + 71Pjo & 838
Po 3 479¨ 24
PoLo Ô 1240PpQ`̀ õ 871PoY C 859PoY—‘T ¦ 2406Po^J››šš G 1315Pp`̀ X 364
© 2026õ 871
Poa››šš Ë 495Pp™™ ì 1409Pošš — 862Ppšš ¨ 1285
ì 1409PoœNNšš { 1890PpœUU ü 1987Pq__ | 180Pr … 2019Prz p 2052Pu 2 2333
4 1125PuPu ª 291Pu› ÷ 525Pz Ä 415PzNNšš ê 2275Pzfg^̂JJ ] 2943Pz“QQ`̀ ¥ 2857
õ 871Pzzšš @ 2623
Ä 415P‡NNšš · 325
& 632P‡››šš ñ 2308PŠ S 848P‘ ü 266
s 1892P‘JJ b 1675P‘LL „ 605
426 INDEX 3: READINGS
` 609ç 1590Z 2276& 632
P‘m è 1546s 1892
P‘‹S + 820P‘‹UU ‹ 2086
? 386P‘™ ƒ 1584P‘¥xQš R 1996P‘¥Šš Z 2276P“ V 1504P—VV ¾ 136P—dd þ 62P—zz ´ 688P—}} ´ 688
Ò 1160P™ Û 1130
+ 2300P™™šš œ 1308Pšš 3 1334
Û 1130‰ 297Ê 1063
P› , 2058PœQQ T 1957
L 1683Pœ^ / 1397Pœ`̀ / 1397
´ 1314PœdQQ F 1668P¡`̀ â 2844P¡¡šš F 1352
U 97¢ 1025Ø 2570t 2062
P¥ : 1398
±û Ø 1420ä 14190 6061 14522 11473 479¤ 154æ 402‰ 2374Œ 1313
P¥q œ 98( 1151
QQ _
Q q 2424^ 1728¡ 911é 2704Ä 1999Õ 12œ 2680
² ¢ 1292« 18774 505 10086 9667 10128 21159 1603: 970; 867= 93? 2852@ 296A 542B 541C 617
C 1179E 1882F 1121G 869H 469I 146J 161L 1291N 893O 2029P 1009Q 2373R 2372S 1013T 1581U 1122V 2689W 1123X 2160Y 1010Z 2959[ 1293] 2779Ù 2515e 1894] 2943Ú 2962Ä 674w 2700+ 2744* 1244j 2803Â 2757
³ _ 2110` 2226a 640b 1904c 1170d 2909
INDEX 3: READINGS 427
e 1905f 2694g 868h 1907i 1476j 2803é 10318 2115Q 2373
QJ Š 54²© n 1519
k 250l 752m 1814n 586o 2024p 400q 2886r 1642s 716t 625u 2282v 828w 676x 656y 528z 2924{ 2452| 677} 461‚ 168ƒ 251„ 449… 1346† 2376‡ 2682ˆ 1622‰ 1309Ÿ 2874
¾ 2319Û 2495¥ 1110Ä 674‹ 2077š 890™ 2388› 1522œ 2698— 2088� 2815… 2964œ 2076
³© n 1519‹ 2077Œ 1523‘ 111’ 2162“ 1551” 2227• 1483– 1482— 157˜ 2592™ 2388š 890› 1522œ 2076Ÿ 2874ç 1488è 2387
QJY f 523²©ò ¡ 2951QLL ¨ 1866
C 831H 1275
QN`̀ ‘ 725o 1230
QNjjmm © 1395
QNn J 2471QN™ŠŠšš 0 1084
Ó 124QNš £ 2693QNNšš ! 1043
É 842Ö 1005ˆ 1745
QNšš o 1230‘ 725P 875B 837
QN¥¥__šš ‡ 374QP W 1717QP™™ q 2424
¢ 2925¡ 911q 1681
QPš q 2424¢ 2925q 1681
QQNš » 645QQXXšš Œ 673QRŠ ù 483
C 1455QR“UU ‚ 302
@ 2440Þ 576™ 2534ç 2880
QQ™ y 1392Ä 674
QR™ j 2536QQQšš Ä 674
ˆ 2890QQšš G 869
Ë 1394y 1392Ö 513
428 INDEX 3: READINGS
QQ¡¡šš i 654y 1392F 2017
QS ¤ 154¥ 2481¦ 26972 2192
QT Ý 2761Q 2148
QS‘u x 2231QTšš ï 1466
c 1170QUU µ 466
– 327d 2252ì 670ˆ 2890
²· c 1170© 2026ª 291« 2235¬ 740− 2257° 292± 1520² 710³ 701´ 567µ 908· 325¸ 1812¹ 2908º 1277» 1842¼ 1624½ 1312¾ 1893³ 2249Æ 1943
ª 294³· ¿ 324
À 1330Â 295Ã 2795Ó 28246 2987Á 1735
QU`̀ ’ 1692Œ 1313
QU››šš Œ 1313QW = 1264QX ‰ 2374
‹ 1592¹ 1712“ 314
RW ” 2227QWv^ ` 367QWWšš G 869
Ä 674P 1983Q 2809µ 466Ë 1394= 1264™ 2933
QXšš ‹ 1592QZ ½ 2638QYLL Ô 2721QYkkWWšš è 1917QY‹‹ U 1807Q[ Å 939
Y 1026ˆ 2224= 2439
Q] K 524Q[qqšš b 1675Q[ttšš b 1675
Q 2901
z 1364x 1734
Q]šš , 1477Q^ Æ 2491
Ç 2509Q_ È 2502
º 2674Q_Q É 2823Q^VV w 468Q^YJJ Ú 852Q^Y‰‰šš a 2569Q^‰^̂JJ ô 2194Q^˜ R 2906
y 2872[ 505z 2924w 1441
Q^¡ P 199Q^¡n 9 2468Q`̀ Ð 1007Q` T 2648
q 2649Qa ‰ 929
‚ 56Q`QQ ¼ 1380
Æ 889Qao™ à 2082Q`Š ] 2779Q`‹‹ ] 2779Q`ŒŒšš E 2247
¿ 647Qb p 1278
| 677Qc K 524QbVV N 893QeNNšš ‰ 929
d 946Qf Ê 2039
„ 680
INDEX 3: READINGS 429
× 1077‰ 1212¾ 490† 1711v 229
QfJJ Ç 853ô 580z 695Ê 1580õ 2868¤ 1964
QfS ² 2114ë 443
QfUqq V 61Qf^œ á 2601Qfh † 1711
! 239æ 1976å 2733
Qfošš æ 1976Qfq M 83Qf‰™ o 2024Qf‹UU z 1011
B 2153QfŒŒšš ô 580Qf—šš ‡ 1823
• 2793Qfšš B 347
Ô 2806x 656( 350
Qf¡˜ Ô 1015²É Ò 2398
Ó 453Qh 6 878QhpS ‹ 2077Qkk Õ 2034
° 104§ 1209
 2273²Ì Ë 1553
Ì 454Í 2281Î 661Ï 143Ð 451Ñ 1289Ò 2398Ó 453Ô 1552e 2646Î 2335“ 1551
³Ë § 253³Ì ½ 13QkP Ö 2822QkVV ( 668Qkmm B 501Qk˜ ” 198Qm c 926Qp ¸ 1812
‚ 155… 2885– 1616b 2610š 1601
Qq é 2704= 269
QqLL × 2173ï 441á 872
QqN ç 2865Qq^̂JJ & 401
« 1635Qq^̂‹‹ & 401
« 1635Qqnnšš Y 1571QqŒ ê 1604
: 1649Qq˜aa × 635Qr ‡ 2682Qt à 1599
3 411= 269é 2770ë 438
Qttšš Â 1597Quu ª 883Qw Ù 2515QwLL © 2236Qwt | 2222
¥ 1557Qw¥ Ú 2785Q} Û 222
G 2401Q}o Ü 2854
x 1113Q}˜ ð 2758Q}šš ¼ 807Q„ | 1500Q‰ Ý 2617
Þ 1838ß 2332à 1599å 1325
R‰ Þ 1838Q‰NNšš r 1818Q‰p Ý 2617Q‰z`^̂JJ Å 2163QŠ — 1829
P 1119p 1924î 49
QŠq™ ! 425Q‹‹ á 2172Q‹œ ˜ 2606QŒ † 534
430 INDEX 3: READINGS
! 1032Q‘ â 2835Q‘`̀ ( 1527Q‘Œ û 2828Q“ ä 2385Q• æ 2243Q•JJ _ 2572Q—LL ° 1408Q˜ ² 710
N 1157W 1317‰ 2465+ 1578H 1647
R˜ t 1021Q˜JJ Y 1496Q˜^ † 2376Q˜` • 1944Q˜̃`̀ ü 206Q˜g ¿ 957
O 2986‰ 2465
Q˜q^ ¹ 1094Q˜‰‰šš $ 1350Q˜‹‹ $ 1350Q™ 6 966
U 2150& 243_ 1940
Q™™šš ï 1186Qšš ç 1488
è 2387Q 2809& 243P 1983
QšJJ ¦ 717Q› ª 883Q››šš ü 206Qœ““QQ ¦ 717
Q¡ I 146¾ 1893ë 127‘ 975µ 802
Q¡QQ`̀ ê 463Q¡UU Ð 451
ê 463l 215
Q¡¡`̀ H 1275Q¡a £ 2693Q¡bŠ z 2863Q¡˜ é 1031Q¡¡šš ! 1043
É 842Ö 1005ˆ 1745z 2863
²û ê 463ë 2123ì 304í 1526î 1650ï 1769ð 864ñ 1207ò 1042ó 1770ô 2194õ 187ö 1271÷ 226ø 1648ù 1654ú 604û 615ü 627þ 631! 1043
# 826$ 2482& 1272( 1097) 570* 1651+ 1578/ 23140 8361 17572 14533 6384 26325 12736 16217 19528 19659 2780: 1649; 1875= 2408? 572@ 2708A 102B 837C 1455� 1620E 1625F 2017G 1315H 1647I 1478J 2980x 1113” 2410` 1902% 2229! 2441Ü 2944
INDEX 3: READINGS 431
K 44Ò 32] 603† 2523Í 1461: 2781/ 2656@ 2708T 2151
Q¥ P 1119³û K 44
L 1588M 1653N 2978O 2567P 2576Q 1467R 770S 2899T 2151U 2150V 61W 1717X 135â 59N 2978‘ 1717= 2408
Q¥RNNšš † 1252L 214ï 1769— 2088
Q¥RŠŠšš C 1455Q¥sS ï 264Q¥w^̂JJ Æ 493Q¥‹™ ì 304
– 742
SS _
S ü 17505 1446… 195´ 1555
´ , 2391r 2594› 2613Y 375Z 2122[ 1416] 1445^ 121_ 1767` 126a 2207b 192c 772d 1489e 1381f 599g 662h 210i 1764j 1481k 1765l 1763m 758n 1382o 1230p 2889q 1885r 1886s 2887t 1128u 912
v 2611w 1354y 841z 529{ 1771| 526} 288‚ 302ƒ 1475„ 1981… 2019† 534÷ 5253 153´ 2527Ü 849ô 2827M 26438 2067@ 2440þ 2667Ÿ 2745¹ 2840h 66‰ 2199• 2600z 529y 841Ã 27912 778@ 2440Ÿ 2745þ 2667w 3005
µ , 2391Z 2122‡ 1919ˆ 984‰ 2199
432 INDEX 3: READINGS
Š 1783‹ 1994Œ 712‘ 1411’ 1762“ 643” 1410• 2600– 641— 2686˜ 2719™ 642c 772f 2694p 2889
SNNšš Ì 144SS–L £ 2499SUU P 1276
‹ 827l 16262 906
´· › 927œ 2787− 2753
SY™ Ê 2478S[S U 1861
¨ 527S]^ t 235S]`̀ t 235
Ç 2377S]v^ x 1310
‰ 1309S]‹‹ ± 1521S^ M 1653S_ C 2584Sa ¥ 996
S 1631SaUU S 950Saq î 2658
SdLL Þ 434Sf ë 445SfNNšš 9 1860SfqJJ ë 1245Sfšš û 1884´É Ÿ 320
¤ 2494Ÿ 320¡ 2175¢ 1550£ 2499¤ 2494¥ 343F 462
´Ì ! 2342F 462Ÿ 320¡ 2175@ 2421¢ 1550¥ 343¤ 2494
Skt Õ 1368! 2342
Ss Õ 1368St § 2503SuL : 1140SuY ì 2394
? 918Suo + 71Sw b 1904Sz ¨ 2605Sz^̂JJ ä 1936
µ 1431SŠ p 1162
÷ 255N 784J 1639y 261
ã 2898SŒŒšš · 1641S‘ : 1649
6 31´ë 8 2115
« 1396´ë· © 1395
ª 294« 1396³ 2249
µë· ¬ 1998− 1959
´í« ¡ 2063° 1329± 1016² 2114³ 965´ 688µ 689· 1033¸ 1231¹ 1146º 936» 1243¼ 934½ 2322¾ 432¿ 2538À 935Á 1320Â 1326Ã 2644Ä 1353Å 1509Æ 1349Ç 35G 9L 2565v 1946
INDEX 3: READINGS 433
f 2156y 2532+ 2064‘ 2936Ú 2081¢ 2925
µí« È 245S— à 110´ï £ 2167
É 750Ê 1063Ë 856Ì 857Í 669Î 1938Ð 1993Ñ 569Ò 1281Ó 2759— 2624j 2536‘ 1064
µï Ô 172Õ 2597Ö 171: 1398
S—JJ ² 1539´ï« O 203
¢ 2925Ø 308Ù 312Ú 1796Û 2107Ü 2120Ý 2853Þ 434ß 1795à 1490á 872
â 2892ã 2898ä 1508å 2104æ 484ç 1265è 1235é 2240ê 2275ë 613ì 1803í 1267î 1254ï 429ð 145ñ 260ò 1266ó 1221ô 1491õ 871ö 1426÷ 2369ø 1849ù 483ú 1850û 2799ü 1987| 103™ 1360q 2498¡ 911ê 2792Í 870Ÿ 430— 2837× 2173¥ 2857× 3001I 2109
ç 1265Á 2337³ 2483Í 870’ 334v 2158, 2521
µï« þ 1701! 1412# 2095$ 1201% 1792‘ 873× 2173{ 679† 1711Û 2107¢ 518å 2104÷ 2369
´ï· 4 27& 1066( 1172) 1903− 2938
µï· * 256S—^ ‚ 155
| 2318S—ŒŒšš þ 1155
² 1539S˜LL È 1598S™ + 204
‚ 2760_ 1228j 2028
S™T^ ” 2227Sšš k 2092
× 85^ 555
434 INDEX 3: READINGS
W 2703, 2946q 994å 2941
S› 2 2101™ 813
´õé2Ðó , 2946S¡ ! 1296S¡‰‰šš  1326S¡ŠŠ ) 1903S¡ŒŒšš Á 1320
) 1903Â 1326
´û / 21160 15771 1602 21013 4114 11255 28887 15918 10989 2049: 941; 1374= 2396? 918@ 2623A 1099B 1576C 1129= 269? 2050„ 2099Ä 1587† 5346 3004
µû E 1589F 1459
/ 2116
UU _
· H 2124I 65J 1696K 2341L 2565M 2585N 225O 2986P 1983Q 2809R 1979X 2187} 1355” 81v 1946G 9± 1016S 11^ 76¸ 1231Q 2148Z 96O 863ð 2166Ý 2853¿ 2538Ú 1796) 1990î 2723‘ 2936
¸ S 74T 1957U 1995² 2114
e 1234¼ 934H 2124Y 2211[ 1958
UJJ V 2182UJ o 2484UJJšš t 625
H 2083ULL V 2182
7 1472·« W 1317¸« X 1955
Y 2211Z 1956[ 1958· 1033
US Ÿ 715UT æ 2766UUšš Î 661UVšš õ 844U[ u 224U[JJ I 122U[‹˜ U 2895U[™ à 1937U[šš 7 1023U^ ] 603
^ 2476U_ Ã 2082U_UU ä 2845U^Wašš ^ 2476U_˜ « 315U_šš f 2274U` È 1614Ua Ò 2398
` 2219Ua`̀ ¹ 774U`uS È 1614U`™ ¦ 1736
INDEX 3: READINGS 435
Ua››šš ¹ 774Ub } 1691Ud h 2653Ug 5 1273UgUU ö 116Ug[[JJ 4 50Ug‘u U 1122Ugšš 4 50
œ 1308Ug¥ ¾ 959Uh S 11Uhzš @ 2013Uhhšš » 1243Uk e 1894
4 1057·Ì a 1060
b 1061c 2615ø 1062
UkRN`̀ V 1611UkœVV ÷ 226Uk¡ f 2965UpJJ ø 2706Ur ³ 581
Í 1848ç 2988Ë 2180
Uwšš 9 1436Uz § 2796
/ 70U‡ g 1323U‡‹‹ í 33
g 1323U‰ % 1295
h 2003i 2427
UŠ 4 2967L 1776
UŠ`̀šš Ò 1246
U‹‹ ½ 2322õ 1429L 1776
U‘ õ 1429² 423
U‘šš · 424* 2445
U“^̂JJ t 625U“‹‹ t 625U˜ N 2782
V 1630‰ 850, 1002ø 589
U˜J R 955U˜JJ K 480
Ë 2451d 2841{ 2452C 2843Å 2842M 2777K 2437
U˜̃LL V 2182U˜̃`̀ © 232U˜„„šš ² 447U˜‰‰`̀ { 2452U˜‹‹ ± 2581¸ñè é 1031U™ k 1609
l 1369U™“ p 2152
º 2234Ušš l 1369
û 1884UšLL ñ 260Uš^̂JJ N 225Uš‰ ë 286Uš¡ « 2235
» 1842U› 6 1897
œ 1974U›qJ } 1355U››šš © 232
6 1897Uœ ¸ 174
é 1383UœJJ ¸ 174
Ä 2935UœRt ÷ 846U¡ m 698
n 2762U¡NNšš ; 867U¡^̂JJ å 550
W 913y 925· 1535
U¡gmmšš Y 375U¡¡¡šš ; 867·û o 1677
p 1162q 1681r 341t 301u 1843
¸û s 1163t 301u 1843
WW _
W z 1913¹ T 1581
v 2611w 2700‚ 155” 198
436 INDEX 3: READINGS
5 10086 966q 1885† 2376B 541Ú 2962Ä 674
º 4 50˜ 2592b 1904‘ 111@ 296m 1814Ù 2515] 2779
¹© ¢ 2925ã 2898y 1392z 1011{ 679} 1085‚ 155ƒ 2564„ 680… 1549† 1711‡ 882ˆ 612‰ 2001Š 2851‹ 611Œ 673‘ 687’ 334“ 314” 198• 840– 2571— 2088
˜ 1391™ 1360š 1370› 2655œ 2698Ÿ 715¢ 518£ 337¤ 2715¥ 336¦ 717§ 2796¨ 1947à 2791� 2815÷ 2990f 2932Ó 2989| 103Ù 312æ 484
º© © 421ª 1702« 315¤ 2715
WR››šš ë 1245• 2297
º´ ¬ 1997° 709± 497² 2426− 1959
W`̀ Ì 144Wašš 7 118
î 1650Wf ³ 2483
™ 2388Wg‘u ` 1933¹Ì ´ 999
µ 466· 1641¸ 1548¹ 1316º 1351» 1448¼ 2714z 60f 2274£ 2499Ö 2405
WŠ`̀šš Ï 1618W‹™ ß 1612W‹šš ß 1612W‘u ` 1933Wšš O 2742W¡^̂JJ Þ 1672
¼ 2955` 2226q 2061N 2978
¹û B 2664à 1599¾ 959¿ 1674À 2108Á 974Â 1597Ã 1206Ä 1671Å 2163Æ 1208Ç 853È 1598É 391Ê 1554Ë 1394Ì 2917Î 1673
INDEX 3: READINGS 437
Ï 571Ð 2550Ñ 238Ò 1615Ó 675Ô 2589Õ 1368Ö 513× 1077Ø 57Ù 1600Ú 852Û 1652Ü 1773Ý 2761Þ 1672ß 1789à 1980á 2867B 1880õ 2868X 1248ô 2194ì 2675� 1620@ 27086 1621
ºû ã 134ä 1936å 1862æ 1386ç 366è 142é 1383ê 259ë 2669ì 2675í 335î 2723
ï 1466Ò 1716â 59Ø 57G 2414Q 1467Ô 2589V 61U 2150È 1598B 837à 1980± 2581
YY _
Y { 95− 58· 105g 920ü 1750½ 2638
» O 2029Ð 1993ñ 973ò 16ó 1485ô 580õ 2205ö 1879÷ 525ø 589ù 1878ú 1076û 333ü 206þ 148! 2342
# 2650$ 2626% 2454& 2470( 2383) 1990* 1244+ 2744/ 10830 10841 1444) 2134À 2904j 2536É 750Í 669@ 2562E 2749
¼ & 24702 53 7574 29675 5686 18977 178 18989 1379: 1398; 622? 2050@ 2562A 1766B 347C 1899f 700E 2749) 2134U 1861! 2342
438 INDEX 3: READINGS
= 3003À 2904k 1765# 2650
YJ G 176› 1748
YJJ F 462ò 2015
YJtRLL “ 1191YLL F 462
¾ 1536› 1748
»« O 203þ 1961− 2257Í 2281ö 1426H 1275I 2109J 1639K 1640L 2119M 119N 784O 863P 1276Q 2148R 125S 11T 183U 1861V 2164W 306X 2187Y 99Z 96[ 1253] 2212^ 76
_ 1241a 1505b 739d 1159e 1234f 620g 624h 648i 654j 1318k 330l 2449m 2446n 694o 2484p 1278q 2498r 1818s 139t 1799u 2311v 1800w 1819x 1113y 261z 695{ 892| 2652} 1355‚ 2662ƒ 1348„ 1963… 1808‡ 374ˆ 2469‰ 2465Š 2923‹ 1870Œ 488
’ 891“ 1816” 81• 1817– 1844— 1430˜ 741š 1962› 2776œ 1308Ÿ 82¡ 911¢ 307£ 23130 2896Q 2070ð 2166Ó 520ô 2754N 1115‚ 1914Ñ 2985Ò 32³ 2286ï 2287Á 2337– 2934Á 2929à 2459Ò 2457‹ 2087¦ 1242: 2220ð 2166þ 1701‘ 873â 2892× 3001² 247
INDEX 3: READINGS 439
ê 2275K 2341ˆ 24699 1379³ 2286° 292³ 2483y 2695¿ 2263– 2934˜ 741º 1277ù 410ï 2287— 1430á 2172ß 2671U 2821Õ 2400û 2799¬ 2729
¼« ø 1849¤ 1964¥ 2857¦ 1242§ 253¨ 2186© 1255ª 2306« 543¬ 2729l 2449è 1235z 695% 1792á 2172é 2240
YL_ − 2753$ 2482
YLww^̂JJ ¡ 911YL„ / 70
w 1441YL‹šš ¼ 807
ƒ 2384YN ¹ 1896
» 1756YNNšš Î 387
• 385» 1756
YP™ ä 131u 1843
YPšš L 506) 2134
YRR`̀ Ð 557»· ° 104
± 1521² 247³ 581´ 917µ 1431¸ 174ú 788ç 2988Í 113
YVV k 1175¼· ) 1903
¹ 338YW Î 2356
u 2054YWWšš n 2577YXXšš Ð 557YZNNšš L 506YYukk G 9YYœ B 595
[ 608YYœ]^ ƒ 600YYœŠŠšš ¢ 354YYœ—JJ r 1642
Y^ º 2304» 1605Ô 2860
Y`̀ º 2304• 385Y 2328Î 387
Y`JJ Á 2337YaN È 201»É L 1104YfNN g 947YfNNšš ñ 607
g 947Yg¡šš i 654»Ì F 462
½ 2431¾ 2277¿ 1288c 2615
Yo 7 1591ª 1156% 810í 335b 1797
YoZoU Ò 2430e 1071A 2125
Zo^̂ Ø 100ø 223
Yoqqšš b 1797Yorr % 810Yow Ÿ 1865
 1497Yo}S 3 1565
V 2995Yo†VV V 2995Yp‘ ÷ 2618Yo¡] î 2723Yo¡™ 7 265
440 INDEX 3: READINGS
Yo¡šš ? 1136Yq g 920Yu  2043
¡ 388ˆ 2890
Yu‹‹ Y 99Yw‹‹ Ì 857Y}^ Ì 2917ZƒJ q 1040Y‡kk 8 2067Y‡››šš u 2315
8 2067Œ 1402
Y‰ R 1979À 2343
Y‰Js À 2343Y‰QQJJ ú 1363Y‰šš Å 579ZŠ a 2838YŠh ‡ 882Y‹‹ Á 780YŒ y 919YŒŒšš Á 780Y‘ ( 2383Y‘šš ½ 2638Y“^ » 1756Y“` » 1756Y—Š ” 213Y˜̃^̂ŒŒšš ƒ 888Y˜̃`̀ ! 1412
ƒ 888Y™ Î 2518Y™™šš ƒ 888Yšš ! 1412
Ê 2478Y› Z 2276
 2043¡ 388ï 53
˜ 2094Q 1161ˆ 2890™ 1261
Y›› î 1214Yœ à 2791YœRRšš % 420Yœ`̀ N 1493
G 2143Yœ}} % 420Yœ‘ h 396Y¡JJ ë 613
/ 623¤ 1964
Y¡`̀ p 4008 2067
»û Ò 1615Ä 1587Å 579Æ 2184Ç 1971È 1830É 1460Ê 1970Ë 2451Ì 448Í 1461Î 2518Ï 450Ð 2578Ñ 1758Ó 2021Þ 2295= 269É 391„ 2099
¼û 5 2888‹ 713Œ 370
í 3350 1577Þ 2295Ï 571ä 1936
[[ _
½ Ô 2046Õ 952Ö 2914× 766Ø 2230Ù 77Ú 554Û 1781Ü 2296Ý 2559Þ 117ß 1141à 1937á 27016 1142è 2673ç 1815[ 252} 2132R 2354
¾ â 2844ã 1024ä 2845
½© å 1544æ 987ç 1815è 821é 2704ê 2214ë 1889
INDEX 3: READINGS 441
ì 1499í 1714î 681ï 733ð 358ñ 512ò 1731ó 167ô 2090õ 2069ö 116÷ 2045ø 1102ù 1732ú 1363û 734ü 397þ 359! 1296Û 2044» 1602Ã 1729m 2131¸ 2292× 85W 2444Ú 2129− 2496R 2354( 682
¾© # 1730$ 685% 683& 1636( 682
[J¡JJ L 2119a 1505” 1091Ö 1088
Ä 2602Ü 2603S 1090
[NN ) 2134]N î 681[NTšš ì 1192[NNšš ) 2134[P 4 2632[Q * 723
+ 1294− 1959, 1428
[R § 1558[QJ æ 484
ƒ 251o 356
[QNNšš ¼ 326[QS / 2490[Q[[‰‰ − 1959[R`̀ a 1120
) 1327[QaS 3 1219[Qq Ö 171
0 2896[Qu‡šš P 2847[Q˜̃LL − 1959[Qšš µ 1457[RRšš 4 50[Q¥¥ ó 2450
µ 1457Ä 25N 1561
[S 1 20182 7783 153å 248
[T 5 2833[SRW z 2924[UU 1 2018
™ 813Ì 1126Ë 1553
½· 6 11429 1324: 1140; 2846= 2507? 2614@ 948A 1365B 1185n 1434ß 2066G 1826
[U˜ C 1932[Všš ) 1327
a 1120[W � 2815
, 1428[X`‹‹ … 2390[W}} ä 1508
¦ 1242[WWšš ¿ 1501
™ 813[XXšš Ø 665[[ E 940[[NNšš † 711[[XXšš ¼ 2265
Ò 1615[[“UU Ø 2157[_ F 2891[`̀ Ú 554
r 417c 1116… 659
[aWWšš 4 736[dLL É 916[g Ü 2603
442 INDEX 3: READINGS
[gŒŒšš Ï 382½É O 2956[h a 1505½Ì G 1826
H 1069I 1103J 2261K 822L 1104M 212N 1493O 2956^ 2271Þ 2144š 2619
¾Ì P 562[kS Q 2070[o ø 1849
Š 2851J 1224= 173} 2112† 2278
[oJJ † 2278ò 1131þ 459J 1224t 2677Š 2851µ 2905
[o^ Š 2851t 2677J 1224} 2112† 2278
[o`̀ ³ 352H 2728
[ošš ; 622[w R 2820
[wUU ü 397S 2256
[z T 2771ù 720
[z^̂JJ ù 720o 2310
[‰ à 933[‰`̀ À 2750[‰fXXšš × 491
˜ 2592[‹JJ í 1526[‹˜J ¬ 976
w 319[Œ U 2821[ŒŒšš · 325
ƒ 1404À 2750
[“ ) 2134í 2784
[˜ V 1447n 694
[˜J ! 2501[˜^̂ W 2444[˜`̀ W 2444[˜rr n 694[š á 403
M 1117[šš É 750]››šš ‹ 1994[¡ å 1072
Q 2070[¡RR^̂JJ X 2160[¡VV „ 1985[¡““QQ Z 2855[¡šš ì 1297
6 1813½û X 3
Y 1026Z 1720
[ 768] 1721^ 2271_ 1189` 367a 2543b 2561c 1560d 946e 2641f 523g 2711h 843i 1437j 2798’ 1713k 2092î 2253
¾û ] 1721k 2092l 1134m 808H 2083
^̂ _
¿ 8 1498x 472¥ 2481Â 2043F 2891n 960o 2113p 1864q 990r 417s 1863t 692
INDEX 3: READINGS 443
u 1867v 4w 319x 747y 413z 474{ 95| 2222} 412‚ 1269ƒ 600„ 605… 659† 711‡ 2209ˆ 2890‰ 1045Š 455‘ 815’ 1828“ 2345” 1091• 902– 1333— 1829˜ 1375™ 714š 456› 753œ 1093Ÿ 1865¡ 346¢ 354£ 601¤ 475¥ 473¦ 1052§ 563¨ 1866
© 1171Ú 2129Ü 1216k 2635ï 53H 2242B 2590î 1214L 2042¢ 1220R 2233ú 2992½ 1086µ 471À 36W 2444A 2801Á 2395Â 1497· 1545
À ´ 2797ª 1156« 1029¬ 976− 58° 185± 158² 1389³ 660´ 159µ 471· 1388¸ 746¹ 2074º 2075» 2575¼ 1390½ 1086¿ 818
À 36Á 2395Â 1497G 515n 960Í 1054¾ 3006Î 355x 472¤ 1658F 2891R 2805· 1545
^H¡bb a 1505^J © 2505^JfXXšš ¬ 1998^JJšš è 1235^P é 1458
à 110‡ 141± 2866
^P™ † 2523^P››šš g 2355^Q ¹ 2074
Ä 1999^Qwt | 2222^R˜Š = 2507^Q™™ 5 241^Qšš Í 2179
’ 2952¿´ Å 353
Æ 4823 13345 1753/ 2254, 14774 824
^S 1 1883À´ Ÿ 73
444 INDEX 3: READINGS
7 1472+ 2183
^SŠ ! 2533Î 2518
^S™™rr ü 373^UU 1 1883
+ 405‰ 1045
À· È 2642É 1112Ê 2216
^X ™ 2041^XXšš ™ 2041
’ 1337w 360
^^ Ä 1999Ê 2216o 1262“ 2345
__ › 2334__J › 2334^aQQ Â 1540
ª 2323^aU Ë 2778
ì 442^a‹‹ ¢ 1888^aŒŒšš ¥ 276
¢ 1888Â 1540
^f 4 50â 41
^fLL § 633^fRLL Z 877
{ 809ˆ 129„ 1298
^f^̂JJ V 1504^ffšš ì 442
I 2324
¿É Ì 7Ö 1137
¿Ì ^ 2476Í 2179Î 1506Ï 845Ð 2202Ñ 754Ò 2430Ó 1788Ô 932Õ 1686Ö 1137Ó 2461
ÀÌ × 1572^kW Ò 2942^o Ù 1053^o““QQ g 721
‡ 2197^q õ 23
C 1179Ä 1353
^q““QQ j 2786^ss ‘ 815^u Ù 2639^uVV Y 2136^uzz Ú 2129^u}} Ú 2129
Ý 597^w Û 2044
Ü 1216^w^w Ý 2221^w˜UU l 1134^wšš [ 1376^z 4 2816^z››šš h 2579^}JJ _ 1738^„ Þ 2393^‡‹‹ u 2135
^‡šš ƒ 13489 1324
^‰ ß 2671S 1948T 2976
^‰‰šš Þ 1340^ŠŠšš ô 509
( 2291³ 636K 1149
^Œ`̀ ½ 1086Í 262
^ŒŒšš ƒ 1348ç 48Þ 1340w 1623
^Œšš Ó 1788^‘ ƒ 426^‘„ ì 1794
‹ 2036¿ë / 1397
Ö 2914Ü 2296à 316á 1247â 1249ã 655ä 1744å 1662æ 1257ç 1092è 2673é 1256ê 1250ë 286ì 1192G 2414¸ 2292Ô 2046
INDEX 3: READINGS 445
? 2206Þ 117
Àë í 519î 1906ç 1092
¿ë· ï 1186ð 68ñ 1070ò 2510ó 2544ô 1463õ 1429ö 1908÷ 2764Ë 1184Í 113Ó 1743– 2878
Àë· ø 223ù 720ú 1236û 2429– 2878# 2412^ 555
^’„šš v 2158¿í Û 222
ü 266þ 819! 186# 637$ 221% 810& 243( 258) 1679* 2467+ 820, 1428
/ 70l 2722m 1718„ 2245@ 1722L 1857÷ 2618É 2823
Àí 0 11161 7352 21693 15654 7365 14466 26727 1165Á 2203ß 2329V 2995´ 2939† 2794Z 877( 258= 1969÷ 2618Ð 2834
¿í« n 2762Î 15068 10189 1510: 317; 1100= 1969? 128@ 1722A 901B 667C 2289b 914
E 900F 1352G 2665H 574I 122J 1868K 2409L 1857M 2025N 2707O 2742P 2732Q 318R 2906S 1432T 559U 2020h 1089ˆ 2224£ 1108K 2351L 2392Ð 2834´ 2939Ô 2130‡ 1101Í 2485
Àí« V 2968W 954X 761Y 10Z 877] 1226^ 140_ 1738` 1933a 1338b 1675c 762
446 INDEX 3: READINGS
ó 2657B 667Þ 2661H 574
^”Lo õ 2205+ 2064
^”LoŒ õ 2205¿í· d 718
e 2141f 995g 721h 1089i 1336j 1733æ 2243O 2742
Àí· k 309l 310
¿íÌ m 767ÀíÌ n 1525
o 1524¿íû p 1014
q 2061r 1568s 817t 2062u 2915v 2060y 67z 2879Ï 2059µ 2290Ä 2807í 2705‡ 2751ø 2706
Àíû B 2664w 560x 1854
y 67z 2513{ 809| 2318} 564‚ 1627ƒ 1853„ 1494† 2031‡ 2751ˆ 129− 2279Ä 2807z 2879µ 2290í 2705ø 2706… 285z 2879
¿ï § 2503¨ 2605‰ 297Š 404‹ 1127Œ 1260‘ 2448’ 1263“ 1191” 1344• 1259– 327— 2365˜ 2402™ 1261E 2922Õ 2034Ð 2098U 2344¢ 2434
ï 2979Q 2065™ 1261£ 2756T 2771
Àï š 1782› 1660œ 98Ÿ 1594¡ 1659¢ 2434£ 2756¤ 1658Ë 2303Ø 100— 2365˜ 2402
¿ï« ¥ 996¦ 985§ 1209¨ 1693© 42ª 86« 2154¬ 439− 21° 2870± 732² 2622³ 2198´ 189µ 731· 105¸ 106¹ 184º 2238» 592½ 1715¾ 1901
INDEX 3: READINGS 447
¿ 647À 650Á 801Â 2273Ã 43Ä 25Å 87Æ 22Ç 785È 201Ê 2478Ë 137Ì 144Í 372Ï 1200Ð 557Ñ 170Ò 1685Ó 124Ô 115Õ 558Ö 1088× 905Ø 433Ù 938Ú 923Û 1359Ü 114Ý 2366ß 2367à 1680á 800â 787ã 380ä 342å 550ç 796è 2746é 2770
ê 2772ë 438ì 1297í 2784¥ 1557± 379² 1539· 1535o 209z 398ƒ 2280r 2628™ 2933† 2794î 49m 1806´ 1555ð 2919¹ 1896§ 1558Á 1534© 381« 15561 2018ñ 1585v 322Z 877I 2604æ 1976ì 2910è 228™ 2258i 2516a 942Ù 2639
Àï« ° 2870î 49ï 691ð 2919
ñ 1585ò 300ó 1586ô 362õ 545ö 1529÷ 1530ø 799ù 1537ú 2268û 298ü 2504þ 1155! 239# 1784$ 2609% 1900& 1528( 1527) 383µ 1457Â 1540ì 2394x 2231Ï 382Å 1377² 710Ù 2639¨ 361c 14718 2438š 3007ˆ 2926R 2820
¿ï· * 1954+ 2183, 1477/ 22540 205
448 INDEX 3: READINGS
1 8112 25393 13344 8245 17536 18137 14728 2800V 2182
Àï· 9 2009^˜̃bb F 1223^˜bb ³ 1507^˜„„šš “ 349
Û 1781Î 1673
^™ : 2220^™eU Ñ 1465^™eWWšš © 1395
Ñ 1465Û 2223
^š ^ 140^šš F 1223
Æ 482È 1038
^š^ | 1425Ø 433‚ 887ã 1608à 1980
^š`̀ z 529• 1259£ 601Æ 1144Æ 482: 1787
^š„ ã 1608_››šš Ð 557^œ ô 362
R 37
^œJJ R 37– 2934
^œTs ß 2671¿û ; 1118
7 118= 969? 1148A 2012B 1150C 1910B 595E 630F 2011G 1502H 2436I 197J 2475K 1149L 1328M 1117N 2574O 75P 1119Q 2877R 1361S 848T 2368U 1503W 1724X 1248Y 1496Z 561[ 274] 2010¾ 1536ó 2008§ 328Ñ 27390 2492
7 2443( 2291d 1768@ 2013V 1504
^¥ ± 1520Àû S 848
_ 988` 84a 2838c 1145d 1768e 1071f 2453g 2713h 280i 1305j 2786S 2607^ 951ó 2008A 2125P 1119Q 2877
^¥R™ * 1805! 2532
`̀ _
` ? 128C 2289n 1434h 1927° 2497i 1437
Á k 2635l 2722m 1718
INDEX 3: READINGS 449
° 2497K 1532Æ 1943{ 95ü 266s 1863! 1863 1565M 2084‰ 929Œ 2085
 o 1180p 2152q 24238 2500q 1440ª 11562 2169? 1661w 1441
`JJ i 1437Á© r 467
s 1582t 1270u 663v 130w 468x 1583y 925z 2863{ 1890| 540} 1435‚ 2760ƒ 1584! 2712¤ 909‡ 2850m 767
þ 2945© 2505† 1290
© Þ 2393„ 1298… 2563† 1290
`LL µ 689Á« ‡ 1101
ˆ 2224‰ 929Š 1697‹ 2086Œ 2085M 2084
`N = 217u 912v 1966
`NNšš ‘ 1064`QQ`̀ t 915`Rf z 474`S ² 2426
Y 99£ 2756— 2755n 2762
`T ’ 1713“ 2528
`TTšš [ 1293`UU º 2304
Y 99t 915
`V Ÿ 73`ULL º 936
â 2892º 936
`UqqJJ ¸ 106C 617
`V››šš ¸ 993
ß 51p 1014´ 999§ 1209v 2060
`W ð 2919¡ 2097£ 2730· 2126Ç 2599V 2920Ô 2130š 1782Õ 952
`X ” 2410`WWšš t 915`ZJJ ¢ 2133`Y^̂ ¸ 106
Ô 2046`ZZ`̀ [ 1293`Y}šš • 2793`Y““QQ Á 974`[‰‰__JJ ¢ 2133`^ A 2826`_ : 941
û 298T 1856û 1339
`` A 2541`a è 2673
÷ 2764Š 1406
``VV ) 2288à 1143
`a^̂JJ ^ 313``‹‹ † 534
ð 2919H 2436Z 561
450 INDEX 3: READINGS
# 2412`a‹‹ ^ 313`aŒ – 2878``ŒŒšš ð 864
% 2000Z 561± 732
`a™ Ô 2589`d — 2624`g‰ K 2023`fš / 1706`g› ¢ 2630`f››šš / 1706`jˆ¥ × 3000`nrr j 1481
C 2937`mmšš m 758
ã 655ö 1908
`q Ü 2296Þ 117
`qpšš Ô 172`q¡hh ì 686
“ 1462’ 88= 1969
`t Ó 2989`wš + 2435`„ n 1525`„mm 6 263
r 1366þ 62Þ 2295
`„„šš j 1347r 1366s 2660
`„šš Ñ 1289`‡‹‹ ? 2614`‰‰LL W 954
`‰‰`̀ ò 1731`Š [ 1958
ò 17310 771î 175i 2427
`Š““QQ ™ 1669`Š› „ 2099`‹‹ ò 1731
W 954˜ 1704− 2496° 2497
`‘‘ 5 2511`™ ™ 2258`šš H 1069
L 1104™ 2258; 644# 639
ašJJ Á 2337Î 2335
`špJJ Ç 500`››šš L 1104`¡¡šš â 2844
ã 1024‘ 1064
Áû š 45
bb _
b œ 1666Ÿ 10176 446Ñ 2071
à ‰ 1045› 28
Ä ¡ 388
bJ Ñ 2071é ì 2910
ñ 512ò 1731õ 2069T 2771¢ 2133£ 418¤ 1515¥ 1557¦ 881§ 1558¨ 361© 381ª 1670« 1556¬ 1538− 2496° 2497± 379² 1539³ 1559´ 1555µ 1457· 1535¸ 825¹ 1896º 419¼ 363½ 1133¾ 1536¿ 1132À 2750Á 1534Â 1540Ã 1729b 395© 2621) 2884
INDEX 3: READINGS 451
8 2438m 1806› 28» 1602Ó 124þ 1155Å 2462’ 2737é 2770, 2521R 2820
Ä© Ä 895Å 2462ß 499
bR› m 2131bS Ô 2191
’ 2162F 2017
ô à 110Æ 699Ç 1193È 1187É 2882Ê 1138Ë 1184Ì 1126Í 113Î 1543Ï 1567Ð 1542Ñ 2071Ò 1541Ó 1743Ô 1746Õ 2743Ö 2593Ï 109` 2219ñ 1070
r 417ï 1186ù 720
ÃÉ Þ 1464ÃÌ × 85
Ø 769Ù 672Ú 1739Û 1130Ü 708Ý 1322Þ 1464ß 499à 1143Þ 2144W 2703¿ 2849` 2219N 1493
ÄÌ á 1754â 41å 1516
cr , 368bw‰‰šš ò 1266b‰JJ ò 1266
? 2614b‰šš W 282
J 2261) 2248Ú 2420
bŠ ã 2692bŒŒšš k 330
Ò 1541b™ = 2396bš Þ 434Äõ Œ 1402b¥ ! 2466Ãû ã 2692
ä 986
å 248æ 40ç 48è 188é 46ê 2903ë 127ì 1929í 1079î 2253ï 264ñ 133ò 369ó 249ô 509õ 844ö 2548÷ 2540ø 1046ù 2616ú 2636û 1339ü 1790þ 553! 2466$ 1874% 2000& 2717( 2735) 1286* 1804+ 1610, 368/ 2700 27741 551å 2941” 2991Ã 2082
452 INDEX 3: READINGS
[ 768— 1027Ò 32] 603§ 2397/ 2407¥ 22559 2468H 2083Ã 2082
Äû ã 26922 2903 10354 11355 2416 2637 19308 13359 2468( 2735ê 510
ÃûÉ : 2947ÃûÉé2Ðó: 2947
dd _
Å ; 2177= 1960@ 1188B 501U 2344E 2922F 1668G 394H 1779I 1778J 1777K 1532
L 1776M 2380N 1139O 1780P 2847Q 20656 2940` 609
dLL Û 795þ 634O 89
Å« Ý 2617m 698; 1100º 2238B 501R 982S 1631T 697U 2895V 1630W 1926X 321Y 1571Z 2855[ 2215] 1065_ 2432` 609a 1120b 1152c 1116d 2252e 671f 26g 1173h 1927i 2516j 1176
k 1175l 215m 1154n 2577o 209p 749q 2649r 1366s 2660t 2677u 224v 322w 816x 2399y 2035z 398{ 384| 2016} 1174ƒ 426„ 1985Š 503Ã 727ã 2389ù 2681Q 2309« 2403) 22889 2068; 690¿ 647È 201Ý 537; 2177š 2619a 9427 2818l 1369
Æ« æ 1976
INDEX 3: READINGS 453
… 1977† 502‡ 626ˆ 851‰ 850Š 503‹ 281g 1173P 562k 1175j 1176
dLœL K 1640dNNšš þ 634dVV N 1493Å· 2 2539
Œ 1280‘ 975’ 88“ 1462” 610• 2260– 1664— 149˜ 1279™ 1669B 2153ê 2214
Æ· F 2654š 968› 1953œ 357Ÿ 1222¡ 1345
dY Ñ 1833dYqqLL © 666
“ 1551œ 357
dYttšš © 666d^šš ½ 2724
À 1632ddVV / 2314
f 267dduQ`̀ × 766deœrr â 2844dgkk p 759dgmmšš p 759ÅÌ t 1270
¢ 1025m 2131B 1737
dn £ 1108do ‘ 111dqNNšš Ú 1796
Ä 1183S 74
dt‹‹ Ð 2202du Ó 585
ä 1419å 2974
dw ÷ 2369‘ 975Ô 1015
d‰‰šš ô 509d‹UU 6 446
ƒ 2902dŒŒšš ô 509d˜ W 1317
a 1109d˜̃`̀ ‚ 722d™ , 2521dšš Ë 2146
‚ 722d›R^ Þ 1759dœJ ¥ 2255dœLL ¥ 2255dœNNšš ¥ 2255Åû ¦ 684
§ 1393
¨ 1439© 666ª 208« 2422ö 2861þ 25066 2814− 2161
Æû ¦ 684
ff _
f , 14# 637
Ç ¬ 961− 108± 2316² 2718° 120¼ 2955º 2674¾ 2804³ 2165
È í 519³ 2165´ 1314µ 728· 629¸ 653º 2674» 2531¼ 2955½ 1986¾ 2804Ë 2778² 2718º 2960
fJ Õ 2812
454 INDEX 3: READINGS
Ç© Ø 107° 120Ö 1005× 744¿ 957À 2185Á 1726Â 1164Ä 415Å 879Æ 745Ç 2005È 2702É 842Ê 1570Ë 416Ì 748Î 2356Ï 1006Ð 1007Ñ 1465Ò 1160Ó 1306± 2316Ð 435Ù 2479Ô 2864¾ 2353Ô 2864÷ 2871
fJ Õ 2812È© Ö 1005
× 744Ø 107Ù 1239Ú 2747Û 389Ô 1240Õ 2283
¹ 1094ì 686» 1019Ô 2864š 2832
fJ˜ r 1484& 2188
fJ˜̃XXšš V 2881fN U 123fNNšš ó 1770
á 1754Â 1164
fP`̀ I 980fP››šš I 980fQ ¢ 307
å 2104l 2449q 2061ˆ 2224Ü 2237
fQJJ ¢ 307l 2449# 2095q 2061‡ 1101N 1561å 2104
fRJJ 3 757fQ^ å 2104
# 2095[ 1253l 2449q 2061v 2060ˆ 2224
fQkS ) 383fQpu · 930
¼ 1624fQ‰‰šš ¢ 307
fR“`̀ … 1808Ç 1971
fQ˜ µ 257( 682
fS Ý 537fST U 1503fU w 468
e 2537Ç· ß 51
à 2168E 1194á 1916â 2264ã 1074ä 651å 1072æ 577ç 2560è 1917
gU » 645È· ê 835
ë 351fVJ { 931
Ï 1695l 1821
fU‰^̂JJ 1 2971fUŠ _ 1241
^ 76¨ 1693
fU¡NNšš W 1385T 1384r 194„ 2118
fW À 1330p 2889) 1990ï 691ì 2394U 937
INDEX 3: READINGS 455
È 2642y 28726 2987‘ 2936
fW^ p 2889b 377y 2872{ 1456³ 2286‘ 2936
fY í 2139î 2690
f^QQ ´ 567f` ˜ 1279fa Æ 1943g` m 767f`QQšš š 1782f`U ð 2919
£ 2730· 2126Ç 2599
f`WWšš š 1782k 250ð 2919Õ 9520 839· 2126Ç 2599Ú 1951£ 2730h 843
fa[NNšš ‘ 687fa[¡¡šš ‘ 687fattšš c 1145
g 2713Ë 495
fg Q 1161Z 2276{ 765
â 2892ï 53• 2600Ü 2603µ 556
ffNNšš g 2711× 905† 2794/ 2317
ffQLL ì 1929y 1629
ffS ð 2166ffUU ð 2166fg^̂ â 2892
ñ 953Ü 2603
fg^̂JJ ± 379Ì 55Ü 2603
fg`̀ Å 1509± 379â 2892à 339Ö 1137
fghhrr Ÿ 73ffŠ # 1784ff‹‹ # 1784fg—LL å 1607
‰ 2327ffšš þ 2945fh Ö 1137
J 2980ÇÉ ò 552fhwq ¤ 2494fh‰hh ½ 2431fk O 536
ó 2008P 2981
fkk ü 397
? 1136C 431É 391n 1705d 2620á 1754W 2703
ÇÌ ò 552ÈÌ ô 566
õ 498fj^ ò 552fjo}} { 1771
¨ 1439fkŠ ö 2861fm a 1338
z 2513ƒ 1853÷ 2618I 1478J 2980
fmJ^ · 1512fm‰kšš ´ 1573
Ò 1615fmmšš É 391
C 4315 1446
foNNšš ‚ 972H 2728
fp™ ø 2413fpš ø 2413fq ù 202
ü 588fqZYœ Á 801fqk‘u ´ 917fr ú 788
• 840fsS û 2338ft ˆ 2921
) 1679
456 INDEX 3: READINGS
fu^̂JJ Á 1735fu^̂‹‹ Ö 191
8 1898Á 1735a 2207
fu‹‹ þ 1665* 19545 2428
fu‘‘^̂JJ þ 1665fw – 1664fwY } 2347fz E 1194
S 1048f„„šš 7 1472
j 2798f‰ À 935
* 256‚ 155( 258… 2563= 1931‚ 2588‡ 2568‘ 1791ó 2553
f‰LL Æ 1349¦ 1052÷ 2764
f‰S 0 836f‰Z ) 1422
7 2683f‰^J Ó 2021g‰`̀ Ô 2806f‰“ ë 2239f‰™ I 2324g‰šš † 240f‰¡šš ¦ 1052fŠ W 1834f‹œ ¬ 2033
fŒ ` 1918ffŒ`̀ ¢ 354
à 1980fŒ˜LL à 2994fŒŒšš ó 1221
r 194I 2324
f‘kk ˜ 997f““`̀ á 1754f—™™ “ 991f—šš þ 1665f˜ ü 2819f˜J æ 2522
¡ 1872f˜̃`̀ s 1582f™™šš ˜ 1279fš þ 2506fš‹‹ H 2242f› ! 2712g› ! 2712f››šš s 1582f¡‹››šš ‹ 1994f¡˜ á 1547Çû ñ 953
# 2038$ 1928% 1579& 2188( 668) 1327* 30+ 2859, 164/ 23170 7711 14422 11673 26314 2670
5 26796 317 26838 3939 1860; 587A 2525¾ 2804À 2321g 2573d 2620
Èû : 582ñ 953À 2321; 587= 1931? 1136@ 1949A 2525B 1859C 859( 350
hh _
h ä 2385» 1448æ 40Ö 729
É ¸ 746E 978F 1223G 515H 2242I 823J 1224K 516L 1683
INDEX 3: READINGS 457
M 896N 832O 756Q 1067R 2805Ö 1137È 2740C 2584
hJ[[JJ · 105ü 1790
hN J 1224hQ é 2704
¹ 2074ò 1514
hQJJ C 1129hQLL ½ 1133
h 1450hRLL j 1644hQllUU C 1129hR“ ä 2385hQ˜ j 858hTšš … 1549É· È 2642
S 950T 1384U 937V 2637W 1385X 539
hh Ö 7295 1274
hiš & 1433hi‰‰šš i 1336hi‹‹ i 1336hi››šš i 1336ÉÌ Y 903
Z 1321b 2684
hq‹‹ ƒ 583
Éë [ 252Éë· ] 440
^ 555Éí œ 2040Éí« œ 2040
! 138p 2152_ 39b 2684` 956a 1109b 602c 1106d 1075e 268f 267g 517h 1891i 2727j 2748k 1566l 1982Â 2666Õ 2464Þ 2661Ç 2996
Éï ” 1344m 2526c 2640o 1262q 1258r 194„ 2118Ã 2994
Éï« ˜ 1704Õ 2812s 91t 235u 2135
v 2158w 2982x 2231y 1922z 591b 1675× 2267æ 2766ç 2560{ 1233| 1921} 1710‚ 887ƒ 888„ 658… 2885† 52‡ 141ˆ 2926‰ 92Š 237‹ 827Œ 1923‘ 544’ 521“ 349” 2726• 385– 1284— 2755˜ 1920™ 94š 1941± 1039º 1945Ä 2171Å 273$ 2736d 2893
458 INDEX 3: READINGS
Å 2155Éï· › 1667
œ 2269Ÿ 73
h˜̃`̀ _ 1189h™ a 2838hšš _ 1189Éû ¡ 2027
¢ 1888Ç 311/ 2317ù 2190£ 1723¤ 1004¥ 276¦ 1301½ 15693 2472
kk _
k § 328Ì ° 1408
@ 1846Ì© À 2185
Á 1726¨ 1307© 2505ª 2477« 1268¬ 2769
kJNNšš ¾ 2319¾ 1238
kJfh ; 2846kJnn Ÿ 1594
› 1660Ù 1239
kJrr | 540
Ø 2570U 97
kJw‹‹ à 2168kJ““`̀ ¾ 1238Ì« − 1690
° 1408kN ü 2504kQ ± 1039kR ² 2488
Ÿ 1909kQLL Ü 1773
q 990kQNNšš n 960kQ[ s 1863
3 693ö 1271ì 1499g 1173Z 17084 824
kQ[pšš s 1863ì 1499Á 801
kQ‰‰NNšš œ 1836kQŠ ³ 2249kQ‹‹ ³ 2249kQ››šš ´ 1688
± 860s 1041
kQ¡¡`̀ Ü 1773kS ½ 13
´ 2527kT ˆ 2921
µ 471š 1370
kSSšš e 1071kUU = 1969
à 1680^ 555
„ 2245£ 1319$ 10005 2428A 1303$ 2736› 1953
kVV ˆ 2921µ 471! 1809f 267Û 1359u 1867š 1370Ù 672† 2794
kUN h 210ß 51L 214
kUU`̀ e 1071Ò 2430
kUg µ 2111kVqLL ¦ 985
E 476kUšš 6 1142
S 1631‹ 281º 419
kUœLL 8 1335kW A 1303kX ¸ 2517kWWšš · 1545
$ 1000( 169= 1969
kXXšš ² 247kZ‘™ { 2452k_ ¹ 279kf º 1945
INDEX 3: READINGS 459
kfNNšš ) 963kfqJJ Ø 769kh ª 2477
F 150G 515Æ 2184© 2505ö 1529¬ 2769
khQLL ; 477kk h 944klUU ¡ 1345kk^‹‹ B 1576
ù 1732E 630j 17336 3004
kkŠ Î 390klŠ 1 1444kk‹‹ ± 530klšš » 2073kpLL T 559korr e 2141koŒŒšš 0 1577
k 865Y 1227‡ 2209” 1975
kq „ 1963d 1341
kqVV › 2655˜ 1391î 2658
kt M 2585ø 799f 620Ú 1182
ku ¸ 1812kušš ¥ 861
kw ³ 2165kwS ½ 1569kw[ ö 1798kwŒ à 2869k} M 922k}`̀ ¾ 2319k}šš Å 2842k}››šš ¾ 2319k‡ ¿ 1486
À 2904k‡t & 1066k‡‹‹ ? 2614k‰ ë 1889
Á 2203( 1151
k‰aUU È 2740k‰z˜̃QQ C 1910
á 2716k‰‰šš ¥ 343kŠ & 1636
‹ 1414k‹‹ ƒ 1584
Î 1543é 657å 2941
k‹T Â 2666k‹VV á 1357
 2666Р1542
kŒ à 727kŒffJJ ƒ 1404kŒŒšš ¥ 343k‘‘šš Î 1543k“ ã 1755k• ° 1283k—JJ è 1235
÷ 2990¤ 1964« 543
p 2889é 2240
k—^ p 2889‘ 2936s 1892
k˜JJ Y 1496k˜qqšš ¦ 287
– 812¤ 2676
k˜sUU A 102ç 2963
k˜ttšš – 812¦ 287¦ 1301¤ 2676ø 1342
k™ Ä 2171Å 273
kš æ 1386Æ 1943H 2359
kšš Ä 2171Å 273
kšT Ä 1671kš`̀ Ä 2171k››šš ¦ 287k¡‘u o 1331
mm _
m # 637Ω » 2073
s 91¿ 957Ô 1240Õ 2283š 3007) 383
460 INDEX 3: READINGS
Ú 2747¾ 2353š 2832Ç 311È 1831É 977Ê 981Ë 2146Ì 55Í 262Î 390Ï 382Ð 435Ñ 1833Ò 590Ó 508Õ 2283Ö 1832× 2267Ø 665Ù 2479Ú 2312Û 2587Ü 2603Ý 894Þ 1340ß 1876à 339á 2716â 2741ã 1858ä 1841å 2425æ 2766ç 28651 2971
Ï© è 1055á 2601
δ # 242
é 657ê 2272ë 443ì 442í 69î 1111ï 441ð 2758# 2412
Ï´ ñ 2308nY ¢ 34ÎÌ » 2073
Æ 2072ò 1131ó 886ô 760ö 847÷ 846l 2201
ÏÌ Ã 2331muy˜ Á 801m˜ ± 158
Þ 2144m˜̃`̀ Ñ 170
™ 2534mš 4 27
À 2566m 2446– 2934
nšš m 767m››šš Ñ 170Îû ø 1827
ø 2413) 963µ 2111÷ 2330* 18050 2492ù 2190
ú 428û 1925ü 588þ 634! 2663$ 2736% 420& 2789( 169
Ïû ! 2817! 2663/ 535µ 2111) 963* 1805+ 2300, 14/ 535
oo _
o ú 1076B 2590C 2595Y 10
Ð Ü 28540 20931 1512 21923 16634 21955 22176 8787 11778 25009 1195= 1264? 1661
INDEX 3: READINGS 461
@ 1846F 150o 1180: 1703
Ñ k 865E 1194F 150G 702H 703
oJ Â 2520C 2595
oL “ 1617“ 1617g 2713Ë 495¤ 475
Ы ) 2530Ü 28547 1177’ 2952+ 204ó 1356Ü 2854Š 277− 1690‰ 2379w 910„ 2245 2520Å 2155
Ñ« + 204q 2423: 1703I 980J 797K 427L 506M 83N 1157
O 254Q 2901S 1948T 2976U 621V 706W 646X 504Y 236[ 505] 1451_ 546a 165b 2972c 1153d 1684e 2598f 945g 947h 944i 1158j 1347k 755m 2357n 1210o 340p 1211q 1440r 1287s 283t 915v 1966w 1441x 1989y 1629† 437+ 204n 1210z 1678
{ 1676| 180} 798‚ 278ƒ 2280„ 2245… 181† 437‡ 436ˆ 182‰ 2379Š 277‹ 272
oLX Œ 773oLoJJ { 1771
¨ 1439oP Y 10oPJJ æ 402oPšš … 2885
° 1408ó 886t 915Ò 32
oR C 1179² 2488
oQQ`̀ â 791ã 2547
oRŒŒšš f 2156‹ 2087
oRšš ê 2903oS ´ 159
ó 2008š 45
oT 8 2115oU m 1814
ß 499â 791ö 1908
з ’ 1692
462 INDEX 3: READINGS
“ 876” 885• 2297– 246— 719˜ 2606™ 1988È 2642œ 348
oV Ó 675Ñ· š 1531
› 522œ 348
oX − 2938oWWšš â 791
m 1814ã 2547Î 1044
oXXšš | 540oY » 592
ø 799oYœ ‰ 297
‹ 1127o]]`̀ w 1623o^ ñ 512
“ 1403q 2061v 2060t 2677æ 1036d 2893¡ 2097S 26072 906Õ 1686
o__šš » 2073w 1623
oh Ÿ 514ÐÌ ¢ 34
£ 1319okVV A 542opUU ¥ 1110opWWšš ¥ 1110opYPšš Ë 416oouLL Ã 1729
“ 349ª 1670
oouNNšš ª 1670op‰‰šš q 2423
É 977l 1982
opœUU ¬ 2729oqNNšš − 21
× 905oq™ t 1311ou * 1805pu * 1805ow™ y 1922
ù 410oz ¦ 2836oz˜ ¬ 1638o} – 1284
Á 1887™ 2933
o‡^̂JJ Ò 1215o‡d Š 1697o‰ § 2397o‰` 7 1177o‰‰šš Œ 370
Q 147K 1423
oŠ ) 193oŠrr ´ 2788o‹˜LL { 1233oŒŒšš Œ 370
Q 147K 1423
o‘ Ú 1796
ß 17954 2967J 1224¨ 2006º 2960º 704¿ 19Q 2121W 1707
o‘N ú 2096¿ 19º 704¨ 24ú 2096
o‘R˜ 8 1637o‘^z a 165
b 2972o‘`̀ b 2972o‘qLL { 1203o‘rr H 2124p‘šš ¡ 2175o— Ì 1443o˜ ) 1990
¨ 2006o˜̃NNšš œ 1836
• 2260Î 1506Ò 1160
o˜¡¡››šš 8 1018o™ 9 2049
¨ 1947š 1941© 1427
o™Y R 1996o™n ÷ 2045
= 2507x 1734ê 2214
o™ueUU ô 760
INDEX 3: READINGS 463
ošš ï 733K 822Î 1506þ 819Ú 1739] 1451ô 2090œ 1836
oœ ª 2323pœ è 1055oœWWšš m 2357Ðû « 2949
: 582¬ 2033− 2279° 2931± 2326² 538³ 2416´ 2788
Ñû µ 2080· 424¸ 1495
p¥}™ ) 2884
qq _
q û 734e 112
Ò ¹ 1094º 2960Ç 1613
qJJ Ó 485[ 1775
Ò© » 1019ì 686
qJR^œ … 2390qN ï 234
qNNšš g 2355qP ¹ 184
Ä 1438qP`̀ ¸ 746
Ÿ 73qPšš Ÿ 73qQ _ 39
` 956h 1891
qR … 2885© 1427¨ 24Ô 2130
qRJJ ½ 132˜ 1920
qR`̀ H 764qQww } 1202
î 1740qQ‰ J 797qRŒŒšš Š 237qQ›› ] 2105
‰ 1049qR››šš H 764qT ½ 2140
¾ 2353qT[ ’ 1263
Ú 2312qUU ¾ 432
k 1942qVV ½ 2140
¾ 2353qV[ŒŒšš ] 1096qVšš ö 1698
ï 1793qXQQ¡¡^̂JJ % 1579qXUU % 1579
+ 2859• 1483
qXXšš V 706
qZ‹‹ É 897qZ““QQ É 897q[WW ù 1537q^ 6 907q` R 2372q`̀ } 2132
¨ 361` 1918
qa‹‹ è 1055qe ¿ 2709qe˜NNšš w 560
‘ 1411qg À 2321
á 549qgŒš » 2210qk @ 296ÒÌ Á 2250qkQQ^̂JJ v 828qnnšš C 2270qp f 945qq Ì 7
¬ 1998Ð 1993U 1995) 1990
qqŒŒ å 1662qr 7 1012
¹ 1094º 2960
qrR^ Þ 1759q„ Â 2757
— 2755q‰ ´ 1555q‰WWšš Æ 745q‰a ! 2817q‰ŒQQ^̂JJ ã 1755
Ø 2078Ÿ 430
q‰™ ç 794
464 INDEX 3: READINGS
qŠ # 803u 1785¹ 1470
qŠg y 1082« 2294
qŒ˜̃QQ Ñ 1289qŒŒšš ° 2870q“‹‹ ñ 1935q˜ à 2493q˜LL H 574
− 979q˜̃`̀ Ä 2807
ü 627k 1942
q˜}} u 1785q™ ˜ 2094qšš ¨ 361
k 1942q› Ä 2807
Ë 2303q››šš ü 627
Ä 2807q¡ Å 1377
ï 234A 1365
q¡m Æ 2072Òû Ç 1613
È 1614É 470Ê 1580
q¥ 7 1012q¥_ Ë 2303
¾ 3006¹ 2074
q¥e º 2960& 2470
rr _
r S 1013# 2038
Ó ¹ 2074Î 355− 58_ 988Ì 2Í 1054sÎ 355
rJ G 1502rN ³ 1559rNNšš æ 1257rPJJ Ð 2147
I 122rPLL I 122
Ð 2147rRJJ N 225rT““QQ Ñ 2739rTšš 2 1059rT¡¡JJ Ñ 2739Ó· Ò 1022
Ê 2216rUJJ ‡ 626rU^̂ŠŠ ‡ 626rU‹ ‡ 626rXXšš s 283rZšš ê 835
Þ 2295r^ » 1602
ù 2691r_ Ó 520r^S 3 411r_‹‹ ( 2291r_”L Ô 1190rb T 2151
‡ 1919rbbšš Ü 114ÓÉ Õ 12rqLL ( 668r}JJ ¸ 1495
ø 223ú 1236
Óí« ] 1226Ö 729× 779Ô 1190
Óï Ø 100œ 98
Óï« Ù 1053r˜ Ú 2081ršš « 1029
æ 1257Ü 114Â 2549
r¡ Ò 590r¡QQ _ 2110r¡o™ ¨ 1947Óû ^ 951
_ 988S 2607Û 1003Ü 507Ý 597Þ 598
ss _
Ô G 702sJo™ G 2665sL Ä 1563sQ | 2652sS¥¥nnšš ê 2272
s 705
INDEX 3: READINGS 465
sUU s 705c 1106× 2267
sVV / 2254õ 498
sVLL s 705/ 2254
s[ q 1040s^ ü 266s`‹‹ ] 1451
Ý 1322sf ¸ 2998su + 405s‰ Ë 137sšš 3 1663s››šš ß 2329
tt _
t Í 1461E 978… 2228{ 953 479
Õ á 2601Ã 2331
Õ© â 834tN ? 2206tRLL X 135
d 1489tQQ`̀ B 1150tT ã 2389tT˜LL ± 860tY ä 244t_ ù 2691t_šš è 2251taŠ Q 2065tf‹‹ Ð 2202
4 2195ÕÌ å 1516
à 2331twšš ë 921t‹JJ X 1835t‹šš X 1835t˜LL U 2344tšš B 1150
¡ 2542£ 1343§ 2030
Õû ! 28175 241æ 1036ç 1590è 2251é 2266ê 510ë 921S 2607
t¥Zœ Ê 1970â 834ø 2706
t¥__šš ç 1590
uu _
u ì 686î 1214ï 2979Ÿ 1596
Ö« ð 2883ñ 1935ò 2015ó 1356ô 2004õ 1934ö 2455
÷ 2014uR››šš s 283
v 1973³ 2416
uS Û 1652uT î 899uYT™ Ó 2759uY`̀ m 808
k 1772uYšš k 1772
m 808ubbšš þ 359
ñ 1585½ 1986
ueS ø 2875ueUU ¤ 1658
ø 2875› 2613
ue‹‹ Ý 489r 854
uh 9 1379up } 2159
V 2164uu^šš ) 2699uww`̀ ; 1118uzzšš × 392
; 1118û 1925… 2885
u} Z 2276{ 765_ 2432… 2885¨ 2006© 2621µ 2290Ô 2130† 2794
u„„šš o 1524
466 INDEX 3: READINGS
× 392› 1660è 188û 1925¦ 1301Ü 2007
u‡™ R 2233u‡šš à 43
: 1703x 1989
uŠ ù 2681ß 2066
u‹‹ † 1474µ 2080¢ 1550
u™ M 2585# 2650’ 88{ 679Å 353ø 1827À 751A 874ˆ 984– 1413Ê 1554
ušš þ 359ñ 1585è 188W 646j 2803„ 1981
uœLL 2 2169
vv _
v © 1171` 84
è 228– 573
× • 2793ú 2096û 1752ü 2262þ 1895! 2501# 803$ 1855% 2913& 806Ã 2647* 2386
w õ 545Ø ( 804
) 2699* 2386+ 1978$ 594
wH[[¥¥ ( 804vJ ‚ 168
G 2414u 2282
ש , 1633/ 17060 15641 16342 3315 28736 4467 4148 16379 1436Î 2608ç 2963Î 2458Š 54é 2170
3 1219B 2340¬ 2957
Ø© ¤ 2178: 992; 477= 1761? 460A 2541B 2340C 831� 323E 476F 1299é 2170Š 54U 2350¬ 2957L 2970
Ù© 5 2873vJJšš × 779vLL G 2414vN H 2685vNNšš º 1742
´ 1555¼ 326
vQ ¦ 231b 1198
vRR`̀ M 2145wQQ`̀ 5 1008vQpšš œ 2269vRt š 1962vQ‰ $ 2626vQ™ I 2604vQšš £ 337
¤ 475o 1180— 149ä 1760
INDEX 3: READINGS 467
g 177c 1170à 339[ 1178F 293é 1487Ï 571l 2722™ 642
vT K 2351Ó 2989
vU ù 2616b 11521 1514 1057¹ 2999õ 1699
×· À 2343L 967þ 1895M 2145N 47O 652P 199Q 147R 37S 2634T 2648U 1869V 227W 282
vVV M 2145Ø· X 2447
Y 230Z 1802[ 1376] 2105^ 2808_ 1533
Ü 1801N 471 409å 27332 233
vVU‹‹ p 759vX ˜ 2606vX^̂JJ ± 497
˜ 814¬ 1997
vX‰‰`̀ „ 866vX‹‹ „ 866wWWšš 5 1008vY ` 1902
a 942k 2635
vY}} ± 303… 1873
v]‰ ç 1265v[‹‹ š 2773
í 1267v^ ï 429
2 1167c 2640
v_ I 823v^Q N 2574v_bb = 1931v^Z Ù 2479v^fŒ Š 2196v^wŠ J 2475v_‰‰šš x 747v_‹ d 2893v_ŒŒ é 2704
Š 404d 2893¡ 2097y 2872î 681
v_ŒŒšš x 747
d 2893v^˜ e 268v^šš { 384
ú 1196v__šš I 823v` 9 2361
é 2362¥ 2360
va e 2646vaaQQ^̂JJ I 823vaQ^ŒŒšš 9 2009va`̀ ‘ 111va‹‹ = 1931vbbšš R 2805vccšš Z 1802vf i 1764
n 1382Q 2877g 2232i 166j 29162 1167R 2233
vg h 668 1992
vgQ ú 1124vfR^˜ þ 1895vfW i 166
j 2916› 2918
vff`̀ F 1121vf˜U z 1678vh É 2687
× 2487Ù 2591
×É k 8l 271
ØÉ r 833vh` é 2362
468 INDEX 3: READINGS
vk Š 404×Ì l 271
m 2307n 1705p 1924s 705À 751“ 1871
ØÌ q 994r 833s 705t 2629u 1619= 217^ 2348$ 2993
vmm F 1121— 157
vo v 1946vow % 2189vq P 1009
T 1581Ì 678Ä 1741
vq^ w 2176Ê 344
vq`̀ ½ 496? 1492Ê 344
vqkk ½ 496n 1705
vqvgg^̂JJ d 1768vq}[ Ä 1741vq››šš ? 1492
½ 496vr + 2183vt – 573vttšš – 1284vv ª 101
vw 2 2101Q 407
ww ( 804vw‹‹ O 1780v}UU Ó 124v„šš ¬ 976v‰ ø 1332v‰V™ y 2695v‰‰šš ù 2190
% 2229vŒš % 2229v“ z 2879
f 26v“JJ f 26
™ 1669e 2141h 280ú 1196Â 2273
v“^ v 2060n 196
v“}[ z 2879n 196z 2879
v˜ ã 134T 464
v˜LL Y 738$ 2993
v˜Q˜ Å 531v˜̃`̀ ¬ 1538v˜‹‹ ¬ 2208
Ü 507Ì 748Î 2458A 2012
v˜¡f Ü 2456‘ 544ˆ 851
v™ J 2475
[ 274] 2299y 1922
v™taŠ ˆ 2997všš r 1568
| 1921$ 2736
všQQ í 2418f 2419
v›‘u * 2467v››šš * 2467
¬ 1538Œ 1923
×û * 723+ 1294‡ 724¤ 2954g 2232¢ 2586£ 2381’ 1337ü 1911
w¥ ü 2262{ 1203| 1205} 1202‚ 722ƒ 2902„ 406… 1873† 2556ˆ 2301‰ 2327Š 1213‹ 1414Œ 1229‘ 1204‘ 1204“ 1871
INDEX 3: READINGS 469
” 1912• 726– 1413˜ 163™ 783š 1473þ 62æ 2522î 2658
Øû { 1203| 1205‡ 724› 2244œ 1974Ÿ 1909¡ 1872¢ 2586£ 2381¤ 1747� 64î 2658H 2359¸ 2998© 2969
yy _
y J 161a 165b 2972Õ 12Â 2520Ã 2647Û 2495î 1300… 2964ä 131
Ú F 2891
¦ 1511§ 1218¨ 527© 2236ª 883« 1635¬ 1638− 649° 805± 2897² 447³ 636´ 1688µ 802· 1512¸ 904¹ 2659º 2032» 1756¼ 807½ 2724¾ 1238¿ 1501À 1632Á 18870 444Š 2196Ö 2218¾ 2346ç 2963h 2579H 2728É 2912{ 2117
Û Ä 1183Å 1915Æ 889Ç 2519É 2912
Ê 2583Ë 548Ì 678¡ 2241È 2502
yJnnšš b 914yJ˜T Í 2485yN Î 2608yNNšš ƒ 1404yQNNšš j 1318yR^ X 504yR‹ { 2117yQ™ M 119
@ 2440w 3005Þ 576
yS Ï 1695Ð 2098
Ú´ Ð 2098ySJJšš B 1737
t 1270µ 731
ySRNš V 2689yS^‰‰šš ; 1374yUU … 1232
» 2848Ð 2550û 2429= 1931› 2244c 1106R 2100Ú 1951Ó 2759
yUJJ È 1831yX Ñ 2047yWWšš … 1232yY Ò 1716y[ + 204
470 INDEX 3: READINGS
î 1214¡ 2241
y] Ó 2461y[VV æ 2243y[Z æ 2911y[^ † 534
© 2236¡ 2241³ 1852
y[^̂JJ ± 1016¡ 2241
y]‰aUU Ÿ 2745y^ Ô 1517y_ ˆ 2469
Õ 2464y^P è 2746y^’U ò 2510y_™ ¸ 825ya‹‹ Ë 2862ydQQ O 775yd‹‹ õ 844yg ™ 2258yfJ Â 295
Û 389yf`̀ K 1149yg™ Ù 77ÚÌ ³ 636
Ï 1695× 635Ø 2570Ù 943Ú 2420
ÛÌ P 776ykT & 1272yk_ æ 547
J 216yk_[š Æ 2184ylŒ â 2741yn™ ! 2441
yo ^ 951s 1_ 988
ypJJ µ 1431yoN $ 1928yo^̂JJ f 945
1 160Ã 1729
yokk s 1t 457Æ 699
yoŠ † 437¹ 2580
yo“ » 2213¹ 338
yo™™ › 522yq Œ 2085yqf î 1300ytšš è 2251
é 2266yuN m 1020yuS Û 2495
… 2964yuo s 91yy ¾ 2346yzSS ‘ 481
ú 1850yzUU ú 1850y‰ E 1882
² 2426E 1625
yŒ Ü 849Ý 1950
yŒŒšš ¸ 904y‘ Þ 2661
6 2672Úë· ß 38
P 199Ûë· R 37
W 1749y““`̀ ƒ 1404Úí« â 2876Ûí« à 2720Úï« O 652
á 1547â 2876ã 1608ä 131å 1607æ 2911ç 1606è 1546é 1487ê 27345 2428o 1331¿ 1486
z–L ñ 2763Ûï« ä 244
ë 2239ì 670í 1682î 899ï 234ð 2765Û 2223r 1484Ú 2785ñ 2763
Úï· Ú 2420y˜ r 1484
# 2412+ 332
y˜UU ˆ 1622° 805û 1925} 10851 1634
INDEX 3: READINGS 471
Ç 1971y˜WWšš ˆ 1622y˜ŒUU 0 2774yš ø 1648
d 1075ò 2404ó 2696
yšRNšš ü 1911Ã 2647ê 2275
y› ô 2827yœ œ 2040
? 2852] 2212e 1234u 2311‚ 2662c 1145Ò 1716
yœJJ b 739e 1234] 2212u 2282u 2311N 47÷ 226ï 2287w 3005
yœLL B 667yœRRšš ˆ 2301yœ^ ] 2212yœ‹‹ e 1234
u 2311‚ 2662N 47Ò 32³ 2286e 1234
yœŒŒšš b 739
¬ 740Úû õ 23
ö 2529ø 1332ù 2305ú 782û 511ü 373m 2551
Ûû ú 782þ 459! 1032ü 373“ 991
|| _
| † 2556Ý Þ 1838
ß 2332# 1217$ 1000% 2189& 838( 1151) 193+ 405, 1002/ 6230 8391 18832 23333 17864 7305 12746 10017 10238 1992
9 2361: 1787; 63= 378? 386@ 2928A 1303Ÿ 371¡ 2097£ 2730B 2930Ü 2456K 524¢ 1840š 2975
Þ B 989C 2270b 377E 1774F 2378G 2401H 1845´ 1573# 1217B 2930Ÿ 371[ 1775Þ 1838` 2831
ݨ2Рc 2953ݫ I 156
J 2471K 524& 838@ 2928) 193
Þ« Ð 2142|N î 1111
r 2628
472 INDEX 3: READINGS
|NNšš 1 811† 502£ 2381
|QJJ L 1328|S M 2370|S¥ 2 2101|UU / 2254
r 467L 2392a 1197
Ý· N 962O 89P 875Q 407R 1399S 1090T 464U 465V 1611è 2731
|U„ æ 2911|U‹‹ L 1588|U˜̃‹‹ ã 1719|U››šš ã 1719
Œ 1923|Uœ Ï 1006
ð 2883|UœL — 2837|WWšš n 694
5 2679¾ 1251
|[ _ 2432r 1366¨ 2006Û 1078
|[RRšš Z 1321|[VV ê 2214
Z 1321¥ 2856
|^ Þ 1464|_ n 1210|`̀ d 2909
N 962|`‰ ù 2627|bVV Õ 2597
è 1302|bbšš N 962|f ™ 2388
T 697Ì 2
|g M 212Š 1213ç 16066 1001ˆ 29265 28736 1621
}f ² 538|ffzz ç 1815
X 1168P 875
|fkk Ì 2Î 355X 1168
|h â 1372W 2966Å 2325Y 903Ä 2602
}h † 2556ÝÌ Y 738
Z 1237[ 964$ 2993
ÞÌ [ 964] 1050
|n Ù 943|oJJ ° 120
|oYœ v 828|q ^ 2825
J 1868$ 1874
|qwf ì 2675|t J 1868
$ 1874‹ 18709 2068
|‰‰NNšš r 1287|Š k 1725
G 1826t 692– 327Ï 1567
|‹‹ r 1287) 1286
|‘o à 2839|““`̀ 1 811|• K 427|šš œ 1308
F 2011|šJJ ò 16
Ç 35û 333
|ššLL F 2011|šLL f 565
g 662] 2010
|šNNšš ] 2010|š`̀ ò 16|››šš 6 1813Ýû _ 781
` 2174a 1197b 1198c 1199d 2246e 2537
INDEX 3: READINGS 473
f 565g 920h 2653i 1358j 2028
Þû _ 781k 1725l 1626
ƒƒ _
ƒ Ö 2218„ Œ 284
H 1845ƒJ p 1056à© m 1020
n 1030o 1331p 1056q 1040r 1484s 1041t 1021u 1785v 2358w 1623x 1310† 2633Š 2802Û 2223³ 2678¿ 1486í 1682! 1032
á© y 919V 1447
â2À z 60à´ { 2117
| 1500} 1691‚ 2588
ƒY‹‹ í 33„^̂ = 93ƒgmmšš ½ 1312àÌ „ 2927
× 3000áÌ ƒ 90
„ 2927… 2390× 3000
ƒjkJ Ý 2617„r } 1355ƒz í 519ƒ“ Ö 492
Ñ 754ƒ˜ † 2633ƒ™ â 1372ƒ™Ugšš « 2422ƒšš ™ 1360
ç 366‚ 1914• 376
àû ‡ 1823ˆ 1745‰ 1212Š 2645‹ 1825Œ 284‘ 725’ 1824Ô 2806
áû “ 991” 1975– 742t 2752— 2783
†† _
† „ 406¤ 909J 161
ã ª 1837Þ 1838˜ 997™ 1839š 2975› 2918œ 1836Ÿ 371¡ 2097¢ 1840£ 27305 1274Ÿ 1017
ä * 2552¥ 861¦ 231§ 633© 232ª 101« 949¬ 2957v 229w 360¨ 2204] 2105
ã« + 2417ù 202I 156− 979° 1574± 530² 2181
474 INDEX 3: READINGS
³ 1507´ 1573µ 257· 1562¸ 2977¹ 774º 2234» 645¼ 2265½ 496¾ 490¿ 19À 751Á 533Â 2549Ã 532Ä 1563Å 531Æ 493Ç 2377È 2375É 2687Ê 998Ë 495Ì 1443Í 1848Î 2768Ï 1480Ð 2142Ñ 2829
ä« ™ 2041ä 2385² 2181Ç 2377Ò 1215Ó 485Ô 1015Õ 478Ö 492
× 491Ø 408Ù 596Ú 618Û 1078Ü 1801Ý 489Þ 1759ß 1575à 18á 1357â 494ã 1719ä 1760å 2733æ 1424è 1302x 487G 2089+ 2435¹ 2580] 2961* 2552Ÿ 1017ƒ 2384
†LS ‡ 2850†L‹šš w 816†NNšš é 2170†P ê 2792
ð 207†Q ¬ 961
‘ 111†R˜̃QQ µ 1469ã· ë 445ä· ì 1794
í 2103î 175ï 1793ð 207
ñ 329ò 1514ó 2612… 195‡ 15
‡WWšš ¾ 2277= 2439
†Y ^ 1225‡Y í 33†Yšš * 1244†Yœzzšš 4 2670†[S  2790†^ « 1556†^̂JJ ò 792†_šš ù 2616†`̀ ø 1648†dJJ ú 1363†g[[››šš î 2658†fš ¢ 518äÇû ô 2754ãÌ n 1705äÌ õ 2858
ö 707Ö 492
äË Ö 492†j`̀šš ò 792
ð 2984†p Ý 894†oT 8 1965†oW [ 964†oWV[ ¬ 2957†pY`̀ ‰ 1045†o™ ‘ 1204†o¥pp ÷ 2871†t ¿ 1288†uP Ý 162
Þ 2546†uQQ B 2153†|šš 5 2217
INDEX 3: READINGS 475
†‰›› Ó 1939†‹˜ Þ 2546†ŒŒšš Ê 998
† 2794h 843ç 796g 2711
†˜ … 181†™ ª 2306
ø 1062†šš b 1061
} 1710†››šš ¾ 2277†œ ù 410†œzzšš Ó 485
n 365†œ‡‡`̀ n 365ãû ƒ 2902
ú 1196û 211ü 1911‚ 722õ 23
äû ˜ 163þ 62! 1449¤ 2954
‰‰ _
‰ O 75‡ 15+ 1978� 1620
æ # 639$ 594% 2022& 593
^ 2348‰J E 1774æ© ( 179
) 220* 2445+ 332, 458L 2970y 919U 2350
‰JqLL ¬ 2738Ì 80
‰Jšš ¤ 2715Z 1720
æ©ó / 2950‰LL E 1774‰N 2 290‰RS ” 1912‰Q`̀ Û 1003‰Qbbšš Û 1003
è 1917‰QqLL Ì 80‰RRšš ( 1172‰S ñ 1207
Á 2395U 1503ñ 3290 2492
‰T˜̃¡¡^̂JJ i 1358‰T››šš i 1358‰UU ñ 1207
^ 2271Á 2395ü 2262
æ· 1 4092 233
‰V[ M 2084‰U˜ 3 2472‰Vœ 4 2816
‰WWšš ; 632 331
‰XXšš ( 1172‰Z § 1393‰ZYœ b 602‰Yo { 765
¼ 363V 2920e 2710µ 2290= 969O 75− 2279( 1097
‰Yorr µ 2290e 2710
‰Y‘ ( 2383‰[ { 765
â 2892Ä 255 2489e 2710
‰[S 5 2489‰[Z Ü 2296‰[rr ñ 607
µ 731ç 2865
‰[šš § 1209° 2433Ú 852
‰_qJJ 2 2169‰__šš Ï 450
P 562B 1185
‰_¡¡šš H 1275‰` Ê 1881
† 502‰` © 42
6 2814
476 INDEX 3: READINGS
‰aa å 248‰aJJ Ø 769‰a^̂JJ ú 782‰ccšš # 1730
Ï 450‰f % 2454
Ö 29149 2127: 696˜ 2094f 2932
‰gg J 216‰fVV + 2744‰ffUU s 817‰g˜ † 2556‰h š 890
‰ 92‰k Ç 785
m 1718‰kk Å 879
7 1165æÌ ; 644
= 217? 218^ 2348
‰jfUU 6 263‰joLL`̀šš õ 187‰k™™ ø 1102
ú 2992‰k™Zo © 381‰kšš ú 2992
ø 1102‰k¡¡šš ! 2663‰n @ 2421‰o í 69‰p p 749‰oLL ! 2663‰pLL Î 614‰qY Q 1467
‰q}} ¿ 324‰sQ››šš o 1972‰tUU À 650‰tšš − 979‰}^̂JJ ± 2581‰‡œ^ å 1862‰‰ A 2125‰ŠNNšš Í 452‰Œ q 1440‰‘šš , 2391
f 700! 186Å 1646
‰• Ê 2583B 1880
‰•aŠ Ô 2864‰•Š A 2525‰—LL i 924‰™ œ 2787
y 2532× 2487
‰š K 44‰šJJ Ò 1811
K 44: 582
‰› v 2611d 1489
‰œ C 2894‰œLp ª 294
û 511‰¡™™ : 317‰¡šš n 586
q 2886æû § 2811
� 64E 829F 1169G 830H 2359
R 2100© 2969¸ 2998
ŠŠ _
Š × 1572X 1248L 2042M 2643X 3O 2986
ç I 219J 216K 2023¡ 2241Ë 548Æ 889
ŠNNšš Ø 57ŠP J 2285ŠRUU ç 2560
$ 594C 2595Ý 2559
ŠQp Ð 435ŠS ù 1654ŠT “ 78ŠT¡ ’ 1263
Ú 2312— 157ù 2305
ŠY B 2930ŠYo ¨ 1439ŠYou™ ä 342
› 1667ŠZ‘šš A 2012Š[P e 671Š[S N 1115
INDEX 3: READINGS 477
Š[[T h 1518Š_QJJ 1 1442Š_ŒŒ ] 1721Ša v 130
… 2563ŠaLŠ þ 148ŠaQ˜̃ À 36Šb ü 588
™ 1839š 2975
Še w 1819• 2297
Šff`̀ F 1169Šg`̀ − 2257Šg˜̃ Í 2336
‡ 2298Šhhšš x 487
Í 2336G 830, 1454
Šg››šš ( 72‡ 2298, 1454
Šh ? 1661Š 277− 1282# 2412l 1821
ŠhzUU ‚ 278Šhš X 761
F 1169Šk X 3çÌ O 775
P 776! 2533
ŠkT I 1778Ä 895= 378
ŠkVV ” 81
Šjkk X 3ŠoŒŒšš Þ 598Šp™ z 2863
‚ 2588k 1371
Šq „ 449Šq^Z ö 1879Šqo v 1800
Q 2309ŠqŠ Ç 1613Šq‘o è 142ŠrUJJ U 2020Št N 2978
· 1562¸ 2977… 2228
Šu R 2354Šušš × 1572
$ 2609© 1427S 2607
ŠŠ ¿ 818ŠŒ—JJ I 2109Š“ · 1033çë· T 1856Š“Y @ 1846
Ù 312s 2887
Š“z““QQ h 1907çï« U 123
d 2841g 20e 112ä 2385f 1400ä 244
çò V 2948çòé2Ðó V 2948Ššš 3 638
? 572Ø 57œ 1093W 17242 14531 855
çû W 1834X 1835
‹‹ _
è ä 1760Y 1227Z 305[ 1775] 2961^ 1225_ 1228` 2831b 377
‹QQLL T 183Á 1726
‹QNNšš ª 1702‹Q^ Ë 1184‹T _ 1533‹TY t 2752‹UU T 183
M 2145a 2474
‹UJJšš ³ 1507S 1432N 2707
‹UX u 2915‹Uœ Ÿ 2874‹Y b 395
ì 2910‹ZJJ Q 2373
µ 1431
478 INDEX 3: READINGS
‹YL T 183‹[‡šš ] 2961‹^ g 517‹^w‹‹ 8 2800‹^œœ â 834‹^œ § 2397
= 2408Ç 1193
‹` % 1900‹aQ^̂JJ Ê 1580‹`}} º 1351
Þ 1340‹`Œ c 1471
÷ 1530‹g ò 300‹h — 2783
@ 948‹k ò 1514‹jkk  6‹k‰‰__JJ ò 1514‹kŠ ò 1514‹q^̂JJ Ð 1993
! 138‹t ô 1491
Š 455[ 505; 1100( 2460
‹˜ ª 208† 2556Ë 2180
‹˜RRšš s 1163¥ 2856
‹˜[S ˜ 1375‹˜` % 1900‹› s 1163‹››šš s 1163
% 1900‹œ Ñ 754
ŒŒ _
Œ e 1905Q 1467‡ 15œ 98§ 563
ŒH¡`̀ ë 1889ŒJ l 2201é© d 2841
e 112f 1400g 20h 1450i 924j 275k 1942C 2843Å 2842¿ 2709
ŒQW ² 2622ŒV‹‹ ˆ 612ŒU˜ | 486ŒVšš … 285
™ 2933q 2886“ 1871Q 318ø 1046: 2781
Œ^ š 1473Œ`̀ ª 86
³ 2678‚ 887
Œ` m 2551§ 563
Œa˜^̂JJ £ 1723
` 126éÌ n 365Œošš È 1830ŒwN Ç 2377éû o 1972
p 2512q 1367s 1892t 2752
‘‘ _
‘ á 800W 1926y 2035
ê v 229w 360ª 101* 2552
ê« x 487y 2872z 1913{ 1456| 486} 1373‚ 1914ƒ 2384Ó 485
‘LWW „ 2118‘LWWšš Ü 708
„ 2118‘L`̀ M 1117
} 1085‘Lnnšš ¤ 2715‘N Ç 2377‘NNšš ê 510
Ç 2377‘Q[ d 1684
INDEX 3: READINGS 479
ê· … 195† 240‡ 15
™ 2293ñ 329ò 1514
‘Všš õ 844‘^̂UUvv ø 223‘`d á 800‘gNNšš ” 2775‘h m 1718
Š 2802êÉ ‰ 1049‘hJJšš ä 1181
Ú 1182‘kk ³ 660êÌ ] 1050‘jmm P 1028‘jo‘‘ è 821
‹ 2087‘jx˜̃ é 46‘mHd}} O 2567
´ 2558‘o _ 1767
â 59K 1532û 211ã 134¥ 473Ö 1137
‘oJ _ 1767‘ollUU _ 1767
‘oŒŒšš ¼ 934Ò 32A 13657 1165
‘pšš Œ 1081‘u é 1256
] 1050‘uJŠ ù 1732‘Š ‘ 2651‘‘ % 2454
Y 236ß 38
‘““`̀ ê 510‘—P`̀ æ 987‘˜J ’ 2737‘˜LL ’ 2737‘˜̃`̀ º 1068‘™ I 197
8 2500ö 2529! 186
‘šš ¿ 2849µ 1457º 1068
‘››šš º 1068¿ 2849
‘œ ™ 1261T 697
‘œJJ Å 2462‘œ‘œ ™ 1261êû “ 1617
” 2775• 1727– 1616k 1725l 1626
‘¥Œ — 1027
““ _
“ % 1058é 2704ú 2636
¡ 2241¢ 1220è 2731k 8ú 788œ 2680B 541
ì ï 2979˜ 2094™ 2137š 1037› 2334œ 2680Ÿ 1596Ô 2524
“Jo ¿ 2538“Jw ` 84“Qf I 1478
J 2980“Q‰^̂JJ Å 2163“Q˜ 8 1637
Ÿ 1222“UU Ð 2202
ó 25444 2195q 2545e 2537’ 2535
ì· É 1689£ 1415¤ 884¥ 1362¦ 1736§ 1073¨ 1285Ê 1881
“V˜ ª 2508“WWšš Ï 1200“[^̂JJ ^ 1051
480 INDEX 3: READINGS
¸ 993“^ Ô 2524“^S ä 1841“^qLL ï 1479“^œ ç 1092“` Õ 2283
º 2960© 2621
“`JJ H 190^ 1051Ê 1570d 1159( 2735â 834© 2621
“`^ 5 2888Õ 2283© 2621
“`‹‹ ³ 965“`˜̃QQ / 2442“`¥aašš © 2621“bbšš n 2577“k G 702“jY G 702“jkk k 8“p f 995“oLL / 1083
Ö 2128¤ 1004
“pšš à 316f 995
“qT ª 1421ß 2473
“r š 456“} « 2403“}šš & 806“}››šš 2 331
& 806s 1041
“‰ [ 768“‰J í 1682
Õ 1686“‰o È 2106“Š M 2777
C 2843“‹‹ Œ 370
Õ 1686í 1682
“ŒŒšš  1497C 2937
“™ i 2516¬ 2767
“šš Ü 1773“¡˜̃QQJJ ] 1226
É 470“¡˜̃VV É 897
•• _
• _ 546î − 628
° 2433± 1107² 2037³ 352´ 289· 2126Æ 1105Ê 1047
î© Z 2276k 1772µ 556
•L º 1351Ï 109
î« h 2003© 1427Ã 2493
‹ 2087· 2126¸ 993¹ 1407º 704» 2210¼ 1380½ 958¾ 616¿ 2263À 79Á 2486Â 2284Ä 1438Æ 1105Ç 2599È 793É 916Ê 1047Ë 2180Ì 1847Í 743Î 1044û 333: 696“ 78X 3002Ã 2493
•N û 333•Q » 592•R‹‹ Ë 2862•S à 1143
î 1214•UU ‘ 873
¿ 1132î 1214ð 880¦ 881ï 441
INDEX 3: READINGS 481
L 2970•X r 1886•[[}}šš Ü 1967•a Á 2486•`̀šš Ü 1967•ašš & 1528
7 1930« 2422
•fQQ u 2311$ 2609Ì 1443È 793
•gttšš W 913•z … 659•Š ¸ 1231
ù 1878•Œ Z 305•˜̃VV Ü 1967•šJJ 7 1952•š`̀ Ñ 569
» 2210¢ 2434Ù 790ä 1744
•š‹‹ H 2242•››šš Ü 1967
—— _
— › 28v 4š 1037
ð Ð 1593Ñ 1657Ò 1246Ó 1939Ô 2860Õ 1595
—J ´ 1893 1035d 1468Ÿ 320: 970– 641? 2852˜ 2719e 2710
—LL } 1435ð« » 1605
Ü 2237Ö 2128× 1378Ø 2078Ù 790Ú 1182Û 664Ü 1967Ý 1387Þ 576ß 2473à 933á 549â 791ã 2547ä 1181å 1325æ 547ç 2880è 228é 2362ê 1604ë 1968ì 1409í 2418î 1300ï 1479™ 2534
ó 2553_ 2572¬ 2208Y 1418¹ 1407À 2566Â 2284H 2685Â 2790ú 2907¸ 2193Ü 2237¬ 2830
—L“UU 4 1135—UU ° 104
ô 2004ð· ð 2984
ñ 1700ò 792ó 2079ô 789õ 575ö 1798( 2460
—Y ô 1751e 1645
—Y^‰ î 1906ô 2194
—Z`̀ ë 1245—Z››šš ë 1245—^ 5 2411
Q 1161{ 765ã 1755Æ 11056 2364
—^Š ? 2852Ÿ 3205 2888
482 INDEX 3: READINGS
” 198Ä 25ó 2008Ü 2603î 1214± 2897Ò 1716Æ 1105Ä 2602? 2852˜ 2719
—bbšš b 192Y 2211
—dPPLL z 398Ú 923
—k v 4—p ÷ 2330
+ 2300—p‹‹ ÷ 2330—}} ó 1485
ò 1042—ŠRNšš M 2380
6 2940—‹‹ Æ 345
œ 348—Œ A 542—‘T È 2375—™ é 2266—šš ƒ 583
b 192é 2266š 1037S 971Í 669Y 2211
—œJ œ 2076—œY}} Ì 619
] 1445‰ 2001
5 2888g 868? 2852) 570
—œ^̂JJ Š 1783—œa © 2969
� 64—¡JJ ú 1236
“ 1403—¥ v 4
˜̃ _
ñ ø 1342ù 2691ú 1124
ñ© œ 1666û 1884þ 1665! 425ˆ 1087Ä 2935
ñ· Á 1735# 2302$ 1350% 299& 1433q 2545
ñû ( 72) 1422* 777+ 1628, 1454/ 23710 23631 855
™™ _
ò ¡ 2951G 176û 2338/ 29502 9063 6934 10575 25116 9077 2658 20489 1687: 399; 2973= 173? 1492| 2349m 178
ò´ j 858ò· @ 1513òÉ A 874òÌ k 1609
A 874B 1737C 431
òë· F 293E 2247” 213
òí« Å 939ª 1421G 2143H 764I 2324J 2557K 1423
INDEX 3: READINGS 483
L 763M 922N 1561O 536P 2981w 2555C 431
òï Q 2121R 1996S 1048T 1991¨ 24
òï« C 2668Ô 172Ô 1517U 97V 2920W 1707X 1168Y 2136Z 1708[ 1178] 2299^ 313_ 1940` 1709a 2582b 2610c 926d 1468e 2710f 2419g 177h 1518i 1405… 2228† 2278‡ 2568‘ 1791
! 2225’ 2535| 1401E 2247a 2474
òï· k 1371j 858
òû l 1821m 178n 196o 2310p 2052q 2554r 854s 1822t 1311u 2054v 2053Š 1406Î 2138/ 2656
šš _
ó Ý 2221w 2555H 764J 2557
ó© x 1734y 1082z 1364{ 931« 2294
›› _
ô© ¦ 2697
C 2595Œ 1081| 1401} 2112‚ 972ƒ 1404„ 866… 2228† 2278‡ 2568ˆ 1087‰ 2382Š 1406‹ 2036Œ 1402‘ 1791’ 2002“ 1403J 2285Ä 2935y 1082
ô´ ” 213• 376
ôÌ – 812— 862˜ 814™ 813
ôû à 1599š 1601› 1748œ 2051¡ 2542¢ 2630£ 1343¤ 2676¥ 2360¦ 287§ 2030
484 INDEX 3: READINGS
œœ _
õ 6 23645 2833M 2370¨ 24ª 2508« 1080¬ 2738− 1282° 1283Y 2328á 2810± 2866Q 2121
õ« c 926° 1283± 860³ 1852´ 2558µ 1469· 930¹ 1470º 1068» 2213¼ 2339½ 2638¾ 1251¿ 2983À 2688Á 1851Ý 537™ 2258
õ· º 2304Ä 1999Â 6Ã 2839
Ä 2602Å 2463Æ 1144@ 1513k 1371
õû Ç 1820
¡¡ _
¡ 7 17s 1822a 6400 836
÷ g 1323! 2501% 2913È 2106É 897Ê 344£ 2693
÷© i 2427Ë 2862Ì 80Í 2336
¡R a 640¡QJJ ø 223
M 896¡QQ`̀ Z 1237¡Qkk – 742¡QQšš _ 781¡Q››šš ƒ 90
¼ 2714¡S Í 870¡S‰NNšš – 742¡U Z 1237
 2284Ï 200
÷· Î 614
E 2091¡W § 1073¡WWšš _ 781
Œ 1229™ 783Õ 478
¡] Œ 712% 1792Z 2122© 421
¡]PT } 2112¡]oo Ç 2005¡]¡JJ L 1291
ó 167¡^ Ð 2834¡aQQ / 2116¡aQQrr î 681¡a˜LL ú 604
˜ 163¡a˜¡¡^̂JJ ˜ 163¡a˜¡¡`̀ ˜ 163¡`››šš Ù 596¡f p 2512
q 1367¡fU^ • 902¡f^ • 902¡f`̀ 9 1195¡gh } 288¡f™ Ñ 2985¡fšš 9 1195
Ñ 2985Ò 32o 2484¡ 2241‹ 1870Í 372
¡r Ó 2824¡z Ô 2721¡z^̂JJ Ô 2721
INDEX 3: READINGS 485
¡zzšš Ô 2721¡ŒUU ò 1042¡˜ Õ 2400
{ 892¡˜LL Ù 938¡˜z Ö 2405¡˜„ ‡ 436
¡˜¡ ² 2622¡™ Ë 1553¡™| 6 1001¡šš Ë 1553¡š 1 1810
à 1490¡šR^YJJ Á 2337
¡› a 6407 17¡ 2027
÷û × 2487Ø 1749Ù 2591Ú 1418
486 INDEX 3: READINGS
INDEX 4
PRIMITIVE ELEMENTS
Index Four includes all the primitive elements of volumes I andIII, escept for elements originally introduced as kanji in their ownright. References are to the volume and page number where theelement was ³rst introduced.
1 _
! I.26
# I.26
$ I.42
% I.264
& I.402
´ I.43
2 _
( I.31
) I.33
* I.34
+ I.34
, I.34
/ I.34
0 I.35
1 I.44
2 I.44
3 I.46
4 I.54
5 I.77
6 I.102
‚ I.120
F I.121
7 I.152
ƒ I.154
™ I.162
E I.212
9 I.220
: I.253
; I.287
= I.298
? I.300
@ I.301
A I.339
B I.343
C I.364
D I.373
E I.379
“ I.327
„ I.324
Š I.400
3 _
G I.43
d I.54
I I.61
J I.61
K I.61
L I.79
M I.90
N I.97
O I.98
P I.103
Q I.114
R I.117
S I.134
T I.145
U I.149
V I.179
W I.194
X I.196
Y I.197
Z I.205
I.209
[ I.210
] I.221
^ I.241
_ I.268
` I.283
a I.309
b I.321
c I.328
d I.343
e I.353
f I.367
g I.377
h I.398
i I.411
H I.414
4 _
k I.52
l I.71
m I.82
o I.122
p I.128
q I.135
r I.135
s I.147
t I.152
v I.173
w I.197
x I.209
y I.214
z I.218
{ I.223
| I.231
} I.262
2 I.268
Ò I.273
$ I.284
% I.284
ˆ I.286
â I.290
R I.303
¦ I.314
É I.329
4 I.340
W I.347
« I.351
ô I.351
_ I.365
Ñ I.380
í I.383
È I.412
p III.20
u III.22
5 _
” I.19
ã I.306
Î I.328
) I.122
Ü I.127
• I.137
; I.143
æ I.146
− I.147
á I.151
’ I.151
û I.183
* I.185
Û I.216
I I.228
Ë I.244
 I.248
¼ I.282
è I.292
ò I.299
< I.299
¡ I.375
Æ I.327
ß I.334
˜ I.337
S I.343
Z I.345
õ I.352
D I.355
8 I.369
œ I.372
Ä I.386
/ I.395
¨ I.397
& I.412
: I.413
6 _
G I.124
Å I.128
Ÿ I.128
B I.136
– I.138
7 I.139
# I.147
§ I.186
Ì I.219
¼ I.241
¤ I.250
‹ I.264
— I.267
F I.286
b I.294
¿ I.304
? I.305
ß I.334
Õ I.336
C I.352
ü I.359
0 I.382
1 I.387
à I.419
ª I.424
n I.429
Í I.432
7 _
9 I.171
² I.184
@ I.188
ö I.218
6 I.233
, I.291
N I.307
Y I.398
A I.410
U I.413
³ I.421
O I.426
¢ III.18
8 _
Ê I.32
5 I.62
! I.153
© I.160
é I.166
· I.188
š I.229
488 INDEX 4: PRIMITIVE ELEMENTS
I.266
µ I.285
Ø I.293
Ç I.336
Ý I.370
Q I.385
I.389
o III.20
9 _
ï I.48
÷ I.117
ñ I.163
( I.186
… I.308
å I.332
L I.341
H I.417
£ I.418
ù I.420
{ III.22
10 _
ê I.92
à I.191
Ù I.354
¾ I.354
ä I.365
° I.394
Ï III.16
W III.21
11 _
= I.157
¸ I.168
Þ I.191
T I.234
12 _
Á I.155
I.168
Ð I.376
13 _
ë I.341
+ I.346
INDEX 4: PRIMITIVE ELEMENTS 489
490 LAYOUT OF FRAMES FOR PART ONE
2796
. ne
ck a
nd t
hroa
t§
R-2
523
spoo
l … h
ead.
[14]
The
key
wor
d he
re is
mea
nt t
o sp
ecify
the
ana
tom
ical
nec
k, t
o di
s-tin
guis
h it
from
the
bro
ader
use
s of
the
cha
ract
er /
(I.7
0).
FRA
ME
NU
MB
ER
[C’T
D. F
RO
MV
OL. I
]
PAR
TT
WO
FRA
ME
NR.
PRIM
ITIV
EE
LE
ME
NT
S
KE
YWO
RD
EX
PLA
NA
TO
RY
NO
TE
[BO
LD
TYP
ER
EFE
RS
TO
KE
YWO
RD
,IT
ALI
CS
TO
PRIM
ITIV
EE
LE
ME
NT
S]
NU
MB
ER
OF
STR
OK
ES
CR
OSS
-RE
FER
EN
CE
TO
VO
LU
ME
AN
DFR
AM
EN
UM
BE
R
KA
NJI
LAYOUT OF FRAMES FOR PART TWO 491
ëà·
|}
¿R-8
51R-8
52R-8
53
{à́
2117
{Ø
à´
¹û
prej
udic
e
R-2
624
{‹
yQ
‹be
bia
sed
agai
nst
FRA
ME
NU
MB
ER
[CT’D
. FR
OM
VO
L. I
I]
3œ
[AL
LO
N-Y
OM
IA
RE
GIV
EN
INK
AT
AK
AN
A]
KA
NJI
FRO
MV
OL. I
IT
HA
TH
AV
ET
HE
PRIM
AR
Y3
œO
FT
HE
SIG
NA
LPR
IMIT
IVE
SIG
NA
LPR
IMIT
IVE
AN
DIT
SPR
IMA
RY
3œ
�R-#
UN
DE
RSI
GN
AL
PRIM
ITIV
EIN
DIC
AT
ES
FRA
ME
INV
OL. I
I
� ➔➔
UN
DE
RSI
GN
AL
PRIM
ITIV
EIN
DIC
AT
ES
SIG
NA
LPR
IMIT
IVE
INC
LU
DE
DA
SK
AN
JIIN
VO
L.
III
➂➚➚
UN
DE
RSI
GN
AL
PRIM
ITIV
EIN
DIC
AT
ES
PRIM
AR
YR
EA
DIN
GT
OT
HE
RIG
HT
KA
NJI
PAR
TO
NE
FRA
ME
NR.
rœ
AN
DM
EA
NIN
G
[AL
LK
UN
-YO
MI
AR
E
GIV
EN
INH
IRA
GA
NA
]
SEC
ON
DA
RY
3œ
AN
DK
AN
JIFR
OM
VO
L. I
I[N
UM
BE
RO
FV
OL. I
IFR
AM
EB
EL
OW
]
SAM
PLE
lB
AN
DM
EA
NIN
G
R