Stmcture and lVrltten Erpression

a0 Qnmom 25 iltnnrrcs

This scction is dcsigncd to measure y9* ability to recognize tanguage tbat is appropriate for standardwritten English' Thcrc arc two tlpcs of questions in this section, iith-speciar oirections foreach t)"e.

StnrctureIXrectlons: Questions l-15 are incomplete sentenccs. Beneath each sentence you will see fourwords orphrases' markcd (A), (B), (c), and (o). choose the one word or ptrase that best completes the $entencc.Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question *a'nu in the space that corresponds to thelet0er of the answeryou have chosen. Fill in the space so that the letter inside tbe oval cannot be seen.

l. In simple animals, reflex movcmentor involuntary rcsponsc to stimuli.

(A) behtyior mostly(B) most is bebavior

ffmottbehavior is(D) the most behavior

2. Although the weather in Martha's Vineyardisn't ----- to have a year-round touristsession, it has become a farorite sumrnerresort.

(A) goodfy cnoiugh

F) eaadenough(C) good as enough(D) enough good

3. According to the wave theory, popu_lation of the Americas may have been the re-sult of a number of scparate migrations.

ltrfue(B) their(c) that(D) whose

It is prcsumed that rules governing the shar_ing of food influenced that theearliest cultures evolved,

that the wayis the waythe waywhicb way

5. Calculus, ---------- elegant and economicalsymbolic systerL can reduce complex prob-lcrns to simple terms.

(A) it is an(B) that an

@l'p) is an

6. Canada does not require UmtU.S. citizensobtain passports to enter the country, and

({) Mexico does neither

@ tUexico doesn,t eittrer!81 neither Mexico does(D) either does Mexico

7. The poer ----- just beginning to berecognized as an important influence at thetime of his death.

(A) lcing Walt Whitrnan

lDfwho was Walt Whitman(C) Walt Whirman

@ watt whitman was

(A)(B)

@P

€f *V;f 'J*L,;f r'r Vff b

(14 , lVk V;r L' 5 'Yl'" ; {' e }

Le t- y vslb (l.r t^l^(

bc, 8 '-'F v\"l;"e)

8. %- the fqmation of thc sun, tbc plan-cB, and ohcrstars began with tbc oadcnsa_tion of an interstellarcloud.

. (A) It acccptcd that(B) Acccptcd that

!91ltis acceplod that(D) Ttut is accepted

9. As a general rule, the standarrd of living----:-- by the ayerage output of each per-son in society.

@it fixad(B),fixed

IC) has fixed(D) fixrs

10. Thc Coruumer Price Indexlists ----- .

(A)-how much costs eve(y carplnon much does wcry car cosr

@no* much every car costs(D) how much ane every car cost

di)*" Ford Theater where Lincoln was shot, :.-/

t/,Kar< (A) must restore

p) mustbe restoring-@must have been restored

@) must restored

12. h$-food lestarnnts heve bo@pgpolarbccsutc nrry wcting pooplc want

-40 to car quickty and cheapty(B) cating quictly and chcapty(9 eat quickly and cheapty(D) ttrc ear quickly and chcapty

13. After seeing the movie Cengennial,

(A) the book was read by many people(B) Jhr book nade many peopte want to rcad itJPf mulry people wantrd to read thc book(D) thc reading of the book inrcrested many

people

14. Cart Sandhrg is also well knownfor his multivolurne biography of Lincotn.

tl}A.n eminent American poet(B) He is an eminent American poet(C) An eminent Amcrican poet who is(D) Dcspite an eminent American poet

15. The exarniner made us ----------- our identi-fication in order to be admitted to the test "

center.

.ffshowing(if show(C) showed(D) to show

Written Expression

Directiors: ln questioru 16-4O, each sentence has four undertfured words or plrascs. The forrr underlincdParts of the sentence are marked (A), (B), (C), and (D). Identify the one underlined word or ptrase thatmust be changed in order for the sentcnce to be correcl Then, on your answcr sheet" find the numberof thequestion and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the 4nswer you have choscn.

tto(16. A swarm of locusts iq resPgnsible the consumption of ggough pl.nt mrtp.ial to fecd a million

andahalfpeopte. !'l Tre-(D)

(

17. oyxrqfiT$q lus bocn t "g*aro ryl puti of thc wortd for many ycars.(A) T 6 o

ls. Ihosc of us nBl snolcc shoul orr(A) ,m

------dhaveBlungsX-raYedogp

rnrf , l9v.t19' Aftcr the team of geologlsts had drawn diagrams in their notebooks and wrote explanations of(A) @-the formations which they had observed, they rcturned to their campslte to compare nobs.(c) -w20' ltRobert tGnncdy *ouro tfrit o a little longer, he probably would have won the electionT-iF;- ]il --'-621. Itwas Shidey Terqple Black;#i(A) @-

became an ambassador.

rcprcsglted her country in the united Nations and latcrK' (D)

23.

24,

t 1a-,^,22' T\eprices-qt chain storcs !!g as reasonable, if not more reasonable, as those at cliscount stores.(A) 6t '-tr -'6*^""vsr\,

Ti: "lugTrrr important for an engineer ," k r"t"ti;* a compurer.(A) (B) CI T1^avt

Historically then(A) .,)?

q# B *" major factions in the Republican Party-the liberals and rhe

conscrvatives.

t^ra \(r."r25' Whitman wrote Lcaves of Grass as a tribute to the Civil War soldiers who had laid on the-Gt-battlefields and whom he hadseen while serving as an army nurse.T -Tl --tn)

26' one of the fust and g$Irrllglx the most important purposeful of a reservoir was to conrrol(A) rhr- (il@us.

(D)

27' The Qtrinese were the first ano rarpq"[rnic group ro work on the consrrucrion of the(A) @ -6- 6itranscontinental railroad systiem.

28. 'roe- rangp of plant life oo r mountrinsidc is e rcrultlfbf diFerclps in ampcraturc and

procipitation*"1ffl altitudes. t9@ ---O-

29. Fven a p,rofessional psycbologist may have difficulty talking calqand logically ry Fit g*

pnoblems.

30.\t4o3L

The morc the relative humidity reading riscs, the worst the heat affects us,

Gr@- :-(q J5)

(c)

31. Because corrclations are not causes, statistical dataD6 ary extremely easy to misu$.(A) -,@D----(O -W

(D)

32. Irctures for the week of March 22-26 will,include the followins: The Causes of theCivil War'

(A) (B) TTbe Economy of the South, Battle Strategies, and The Assassinate Lincoln.--fr gg, g(:,.,ea.)iora

33. Despite)(ary attemprs tg introduce a universal language, notably Esperanto and ldiorn Neutral,

the eFort has met with very little success,(D)

Lltq a34. As eycry ottrer nation, the United States uscd to define is unit of currcncy, the dollar, in terms of

@ ' tn) re-Ftthc gold standard.

v.r3 C Y35. It is necessary that one mei with a judge Fefore signing the finalpapers for a diJorce.

F tn) (c) ro)to

36. Until recently, women rglgjotbidden F{ !?* Oaingyni_lg property.---6- T (c) @3?. Agcording to the graduate catalog, student housing t gD{:Eqg $91 housing off campus'

Lq. (B) @ (D)

3g. John Dewey thought ttrat ctritorer$lirLdanr beuer rhrough participating in experiences

J/er (B)

rather than through listening to lectures.

1' I

3e. InF{dud?#Jp

@40'

H9 re6o&

tr soil erocion

ffi o,*ng paratrcl with rhc stopes of hi[s, ftri|H

on unproductive lan4 and rotating "1-pu.

p)

Readlng Compnehenslon

50 Quevnons 55 Dlnturrs

Dlrrcdons: In this scction you will read scveral possages. Erch onc is follqvod by a numbcr of ques-

tions about it. For questions l-50, you arc to choosc thc one bcst answer, (A), (B), (C), or (D), to cachquestion. Then, on your a$twer sheet, find thc number of tbe qucstion and fiU in the spaoc that orre-sponds to dre leuer of the urw€r yor have chosen..

Answer all questions about the information in a passage on the basis of what is Srt d or imp[cd in'hatpassage.

Questions 1-10

Few men have influenced the dcvelopment of Amcrican English o the extent tbat XoattWebster did. Born in \V'est Hartford, Connecticut, in 1758, his nanp has becomc synony-mous with American dictionaries. Crraduatod from Yale in 1778, he was admittcd to thc bar

Lirc in l78l and thereafter began to practice law in llartrord Larcr, when he turned to teaching,(5) he discovered how inadeguate the svailable schoolbooks were for the children of a ncw and

independent nation.In response to the need for truly American textbooks, Webster publisbed A Grurnutiul

Irtstitute of the English Language. a three-volume work that consisted of a speller, s gramrnar,

and a reader. The first volume, which warr gencrally known as The Anerican Spciling Book,( I0) was so pqpular that eventually it sold mone than 80 million copies and provided him witb a

considerable income for the rest of his life. While teaching, Webster began work on the Com-perrdious Dicrtonary of tlu English Language, which was publishd in 1806.

h 1807 Noah Webstpr begEn his greaast wuk, An American Dicttorcry of tltc FnglishLanguage.In preparing thg manuscript, he devoted ten years to tlre study of English and its

( 151 relationship to other languages, and scven morc years to the writing itsclf. Publishcd in n*,'o

volumes in 1828, An American Dictiorary of tlw English Language has becomc thc rccog-nized.authority for u$age in the Unitcd States. Webstcr's purpose in nriting itwas to dcmon-strate that the American language was &veloping distinct meanings, pnonunciations, and

spellings from those of British English. He is responsible for advancing simplified spclling(201 forms: develop instead of the British fonn dnelope; tluater and centerinsaad of tluatrc and

centre; color and honor insrcad of colour and horwur.In 1840 Webster brought out a second edition of his dictiondry, which included 7O0fl) er'

tries instead of the original 38,000. This edition has scrved as the basis for the many revisions

that have been produced under the Webster nalne.

l. Which of the following would be the best

title for the passage?

6$,w"uster's work

JF) W rVster's Dictionaries(C) Webster's School(D) Webster's Life

2. ltc rod "indcEreb" in lirc 5 cmH bcrtbc rcplecod by

(A) unavrilable

fiocrrrllve(9 difficult

@unsatisfacbry

3. Wtry did Webccr wria A Grununticalhtstiute of tlu English Language?

(A) Hc wantcd to suprplenrcnt his income.(B) Thcrc wetr no books available after the

Revolutionrry War.

I H" felt tbrt British books wcr€ not ap' proFi$e fq American children.@) mc children did not knw hol to spell.

4. Ihom which publbation did Webctcr earn alifctimc incoure?

(A) Compcndiotts Dictiotary of the EnglishLanguage

tyf An Anurban Dictionary of the EngtishLanguage

(C) en Arnerican Dictionary of rhe EnglishI-anguage : Second Edition

@fA, American Spetling Book

5. In how many volumes was An AnuricanDictiorury of tlw English Language pub-lished?

(A) One volurre

JA) T\po volumes(C) Ttuae volumes(D) Four volumes

6. Whcn was An American Dictionary of theEng lis h Lang uag e published?

(A) l817(B) 1807

glf t828(D) 1824

7. Accordiqg !o 6c anthm, qrtd was Srcbsts'epnrpolc in *Tidng An Ancricn DiaiomryoftEhglishLangrcge?

(A) Ib rceotrd b hc nccd fu rcw sdml-bod$

@f" demonstnate the distinct dovelopmentof thc English language in America

lgTo pmmotc spclling fornrs bascd uponBritieh models

(D) To influence the pronunciation of theEnglish language

8. The word'tf in lne 17 refers to

ft) language(B) usage(C) authoity

@ dictionary

9. The word "distinst'in line 18 is closcst inmeaning to

10. According to this passage, which orrc of thefollowing spellings would Webster have appmved in his dictionaries?

(A) D*elopc@) Theatrc

14 coto,(Dl Horwur

(A) new

lBfsimple

Bff".

QUestions I l-Z)The San Andrcsr Fault is a fracture at thc clngnrco€ of two majc plrtce

'of 0tc eadb's

crust, onc of whidr s-uppors most of the North Amcrican continent, and thc dlrcr of wbichunderlies .the coast of California md the ocean floor of the hcific. Thc htrlt qiginatcs abflt

Line six hundred milcs from the Gulf of California ad nrru north in rn ineplar linc along thc'(5) west cosst to San Francicco, whcre it continues north fq about two hundred srorc miles be'

fore angling into ttre oomn. In plaoes, the trace of thc fault is mrrkod by a rcnch, q, in geo-

togical torms, a ri& and s.lnall ponds cdled sag ponds 0rat dot the lan&capc. lts $'eetcrn sidcalways moves north in relation to its eastern side. The lotat net slip dong thc Ssn AndreasFault and the length of tirne it has becn active are matten of conjecturc, but it has been esti-

(10) mated that, during the past fifteen million yea$, coastal Cdifornia along the San AdreasFault has moved about 190 miles in a northwesterly dircction with respcct to Nortb America.Although the movement along thc fault averages only a few inchcs a year, it is intermi[cntand variable. Som segmcnts of thc fault do oot move at all for long periods of time, buildingup tremendous pressur€ that must bc releascd. For this rsason, trGmors uE not unusual along

(I5) the San Andreas Fault, and some of them are classified as major cartbqu8kcs

It is worth noting that the San Andreas Fault passes uncomfortably closc to sevcral mqiormetropolitan aneas, including,l.os Angeles and San Francisco. In addirioo, thc San Andreas

Fault has creatcd smaller fault systern, many of which underlie the smaller towns rnd cities

along the Catifornia Coast. For this r€ason, Californians have long anticipated the rccunere(20) of what thcy refer to as the "Big One," a destructive earthquake 0rat would nrea!ilrc near 8 on

the Richter scale, similar in intensity to thosc that occurred in 1857 and 1906. The effects ofsuch a quake would w€ak devastating effects on tbe life and property in thc region. Unfortu-nately, as pres{rure continues to build along the fault, the likelihood of such an eartlquakc in-creases substantially.

I l. What is the author's main purpose in the

passage?

{Ff f, describe the San Andreas Fault(B) To give a definition of a fault(C) fio explain the reason for trcmors and

earthquakes(D) llo classi$ different kinds of faults

12. The word 'briginates" in line 3 could best be

replaced by

(A) gets wider(B) changes direction

)Pfbr,gtns(D) disappears

13. Where does the fault lie?

(A) East of the Gulf of CaliforniaffWestof the Gulf of California

f (C)t North of the Gulf of California

@South of the Gulf of California

14. Which of the following words best describesthe San Andreas Fault?

/it) Sraight(B) Dcep

@nnoc@) Rough

15. In which direction does thc western side ofthe fault move?

(A) West(B) East

,gf Norttt(D) South

16. Thc rrd tf in linc i nftrr ro

(A) Suhercirco(B)om(C).cmrt@Iru*

17. Thc word 'intcrmiccnt'' in linc 12 couldbcst bc replecod by which of thc following?(A) drngemus(B) prcdictablc(Cluncomnon

,O occEsimd

18. Tbc phresc .the Big One, refers to which ofthc foltoving?

@ e rerious ctrdrquskc{B)}t" San Andreas Faulrgf ftu Richter Scale

'(u) crtifo-i"

21. lVhat is the best titte for this passage?

(A) nn Inscct's Environment

,pT The Structure of an Inscct- (C) Crrasshoppers and Beerles(D) ltre Stages of Life of an Insect

Qtrestions 2t-30

The body of an aduit insect is subdivided into a head, a thorax of three scgments, and ascgmentcd aMornen' ordinarily, the thorax -bff three pain of legs. one or nyo pain ofringr mry b ettrctod b thc thtrax. Most aduh insects rril t*o large cumpound eyes, andLinc two or three small simple eycs. w '6rv

(5) Fc$i'r6 of the nouur pt* Itc very helpful in classifying the many kinds of insccts. Amajority of insects have biting morth p"rtr & mandibles as in grasshoppers and boetles. Be-hind dlc mandibles arc the maxillac, which scrve to dircct food into the mouth betrvocn thejaws' A lab'mm abovc and a labium belory are similar to ur uppcr and lowcr lip. In insccts withsrcking mouth parts' the mandibles, maxillae, labrunr, .no iauium arc .oaih"o to pmvide a(10) nV through which liquid can bc drawn. In a bunrerfly m moth, the coiled drinking nrbe iscdl€d thc proboccis. composbd chiefly of modified maxillac fittcd together, nc prouoscis canbc ext'endod to reach ncc{lrdcep in a iower. In a rnosquito or an aphid, mandibles and maxil-lac arc modified to sharp styletswith which the inscct.n ail thmugh surfaccs to reach juice.In a houscfly, the expanding labium forrns a spongelike mouth pad that it can us€ ro sramp( 15) ova the surface of food.

19. Aloag ttc San Andrcss Fault, ucmorr arc

(A) nrrrlt rnd insignific.ntF_frrur' but dissuous

G)t"q"cnt evcnrs(D) vcry trnprcdicrabte

20. Ho*'docs thc authc &fuc thc San AndreasFault?

(A) A plate rhat underlies the North Ameri_can crntinent

Pnrcrack in the earth's cnrst betrnoen hvoplatcs

(C) Occasional hemors and carthquakcs(D) Intcnsc prcssure that builds up

22. What is the purpose of this passage?

(A) To complain(B) 11o persuade(C) To enrertain

JE) To inforur

23. Hq*'arp insccts classificd?

(A) By thc environnEnt in which thcy live(B) By the food bey cat

l9l gV the struchre of fte mouth(D) By the number and q'pe of wings

24. The worrd "majority" in lirrc 6 is closest inrneaning to

@ -or" than half@) more tban twelve(C) rnore than three

Ft:morc than one

25. What is the purpose of the maxillae?

(A) To bite or sting(B) To drill through surfaces to find nour-

ishment

_lf*To put food between the jaws(D) To soak up nourishment like a sponge

26. The author cornparcs labrum and labium to

lXf * upper and lower lip-(B)

mandibles(C) maxillae(D) jawb

Qucstions 3l-40

Interest is the sum charged for borrowing money for a fixed period of time. Principal is theterm used for the money that is borrowed, and the rate of interest is the percent per year of theprincipal charged for its use. Most of the profits for a bank are derived from the interest that

une they charge for the use of their own or their depositors' money.(5) All problems in intercst may be solved by using one general equation that may be srated as

follows:

Intcrest - Principal x Rate xTime

Any one of the four quantities-that is, intercst, principal, rat€, or timc-may be foundwhen the otherthree are known. The time is expresscd in years. The rate is exprcssed as a dec-

' I0) imal fraction. Thus, 6 percent interest means six cents charged for the use of $l of principalborrowed for one year. Although the time may be less than, equal to, or greater than one year,most applications for loans are for periods of less than one ye r.For purposes of computinginterest for short periods, the commercial year or 360 days is commonly used, but when largesums of money are involved, exact interest is computed on the basis of 365 days.

27. Wbat is the proboscb?

(A) Ncctar

iPfnhrbc constructod of modified marillac(C) A kind of bunerfly(D) e kind of flryer

28. Which of the folloring have mandibles andmaxillae that have been modincd to sharpstylets?

(A) Grasshoppers(B) Bufierftics

lCl Mosquitoes

@) Houseflies

29. The phrasc "drill through" in line t3 couldbest be replaced by

*t(fWnetate(B) saturate(C) explore(D) distinguish

30. Thc word "it" in line 14 refers to

(A) pad(B) food

@rouseflylD).rnouth

IO

l--n . r

i

31. With ?hil bpic is thir plsglgp pimrdlyconccraed?

(A) Profits(B) Rarcgff1ntaexr

'(D) Principal

32. The word "sum" in line I could bcst be re-plaed by

l,xfamorvrt'(B) institution(C) custorncr(D) formula

33. Thc word "fixed" in line I is closest inmeaning to

.6&finite(B) short(C) rcpeated(D) trial

34. The word "its" in line 3 refers to

Qf,grincipal(B) pcrcent(C) rarc

@) interest

35. At 4 percent interest for the use of $l princi-pal, horr much would one pay?

(A) Six cents per year(B) Tkcnty-five cents per year(!f Pour cents pcr year(D) One cent pcr year

36. Sfhich of the folowing qmld be e corrcctcxpression of an intcrcet ratc as stated in tbequation for computing interest?

' (A) Four(b.oc(cLt

,@) Atlw

37. Most applications for loans are for

(A) one year

lpf less than one year(C) more than one year(D) 360 days

38. The word "periods" in line 12 rcfers to

6h-"l8) loans(C) applications(D) interest

39. A corrtnrcrcial year is used to compute

(A) exact int,erest(B) intercst on large sums of money(C) interest on a large principaljDf interest for short periods of time

40. Which of the following is the best definitionof interest?

(A) Morrcy borrowed(B) Rate x Time

V{ fee paid for the use of moneyt(D) The number of years a bank allows a

borrower in order to rcpay a loan

Questions 4l-50

The protozoans, minute, aquatic creatures each of which consists of a single cell of proto-plasm, constitute a classification of the most primitive forms of animal life. frrey are fantasti-cally diverse, but three major groups may be identified on the basis of their motility. The

&ne Mastigophona have one or more long tails, which they use to project themsclves forward. The(5/ Ciliata' which use the sarne basic means for locomotion as the-Mastigophora, have a largernumber of short tails. The Sarcodina, which include amoebae, float oirow themselves abouton their crusted bodies.

11

,rr

Inaddition !o thcir fqm of mvc,mcot, scvcrBl otbfffcdrcs discinimtc among tE dregloups of prezuns" Fr exanple, at le$t two mtclei pcrell hrvc beco idcntificd i! fu Cil-

( l0) irda, uually a hrgp nucleus drd t"sulatcs groqrth but dccompoccs dudng rcpoductioo, and asrnallcr one that oontains thc gcnctic co& ncccssrry to gen€rntc the targc nucleus.'

Prro0ozoans arc considcrEd tni-rts becgusc, unlikc prgncorcdplants to which sorrc prc-tozoans arc otlrcnvisc almost identical they do not live on simple organic compounds. Thcirccll dcmonstratss dl of drc maior characteristics of thc cells of higber animalg.

(15) lvlany spccics of potozoans.colloct into colonies, physically conneaed to cach othcr sndresponding uniformly to outside stimulac. Current resarc,h into,this phenomcnon along:withinvestigations canied out with advanced micmscopcs may necessitatc a redcfinition of whatconstinrtes Fotozoans, evso catling into question the basic prcmisc that they havc only onccpll. Neve,theless, with the cunent data available, abnost 4O,m0 specics of proozoans havc

QQ funidentificd. No doubt" as the tcchnology improves our methods of observation, bcttcr rrod-els ofclassification will bc proposed,

41. With what topic is the passage primarilyconcemed?

ldCoWAes of protozosns- (B) Mastigophma

(Cj Motility in prctozoans

@Chrn"t"risfuc s of protozoans

42. The word *rninute" in line I could best berc,placcd by

(A) very common

@) very fast(C) very old

lWt'uew small

43. Wherc do protozoans probably Live?

tll Water(B) Sand(C) Grass(D) wood

44. Wbat is protoplasm?

(A)-A class of protozoan

tXf ftt" substance that forms the cell of a

protozoan(O A primitive animal similar to a pnoto-

zoan(D) An animal that developed from a pro-

tozoan

45. To which class of pmozoans do the aftoc-bac belong?

(A) Mastigophora(BLCiliata

j6 stt".oin.(D) Motility

46. What is the purposc of the large nucleus inthe Citiata?

(A) It generates the other nucleus.

Ff lrcontains tbe genetic code for the small/ nucleus.

(Ort regulates growth.(D) It reproduces itself.

47. Why are protozoans classified as animds?

They do not live on simple organiccompounds.

(B) They collect in colonies.(C) They respond uniformly to outside

stimulae.(D) They may have more than one cell.

48. The word "uniformly" in line 16 is closest inmeaning to

J.*Yrn the samc way- (B) once in a while

(C) all of a sudden(D) in the long run

I2

49. Thr wod .thcy'' in linc 13 rcfcrs to

a<fp*w*"(B) micoscqpcs(Q inrc$igdims(D) colonics

50. Which of thc following statcmen$ are NOT. t'ucdprotozorns?

(A) fircrc are approximatcly 40,000 species.(B) Thcy rre rhc nrotlr pqimiti"c forms of

anirnal life.left0n t have r large cell and a smallcr

cell.(D) Tlrcy are difficult to observe.

13