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The Solar SystemWe are spending this unit learning more about the solar system that our
little planet is in. Use this presentation to get caught up on your Solar System Portfolio – due Tuesday November 10th.
Early Models of the Solar System
There were two models of the solar system: geocentric and heliocentric. “geo-” means Earth “helio-” means Sun “-centric” means centered
The information on the next slide is for the two door foldable. Lift up each flap and write the information inside.
Geocentric Definition - Earth is at the center of
the solar system being orbited by the Sun and other planets
(sketch a picture of a geocentric solar system)
Scientists Aristotle - believed that if Earth were
moving, then the stars would move
Ptolemy - planets move at constant speeds in perfect circles around Earth
Heliocentric Definition – Earth and other planets
orbit the Sun (sketch a picture of a heliocentric solar
system) Scientists
Aristarchus – tried to measure the relative distances between Earth, the moon, and the Sun
Copernicus – developed the 1st detailed heliocentric model
Galileo – saw the phases of Venus and 4 of Jupiter’s moons
Early Models of the Solar System
Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation
Isaac Newton determined the relationship between mass, distance, and gravity.
The information on the next slide is for the door foldable. Write the “Mass” notes on the left side and the “Distance” notes on the right side.
MASS Larger objects have a
stronger gravitational force.
The Sun is the largest object in the solar system, so it has the greatest gravitational pull.
DISTANCE The closer together two
objects are, the stronger the gravitational force.
The moon is closer to Earth, so we can see the effect of its gravitational pull.
Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation
Rotation vs. RevolutionThese are two terms that often get used interchangeably, but they mean
two different things. These notes are on the far right panel of your portfolio!
Rotation Refers to a planet
spinning on its axis. One day = one
rotation of the planet Earth takes about 24
hours to rotate once on its axis.
Revolution Refers to a planet
orbiting around the Sun. One year = one
revolution of the planet Earth takes about 365
days to rotate once on its axis.
Kepler’s Laws of Planetary Motion
Johannes Kepler explained how planets move in their orbits around the Sun.
The information on the next slides are for the three door foldable. Lift each door and record the notes about Kepler’s Laws.
Kepler’s 1st Law The Law of Orbits Planets orbit the
Sun in an ellipse with the Sun at one focus.
Kepler’s Laws of Planetary Motion
Kepler’s 2nd Law The Law of Areas Planets cover equal
areas in equal time. A planet will move
faster in its orbit when it’s closer to the Sun and slower when it’s farther away.
Kepler’s Laws of Planetary Motion
Kepler’s 3rd Law The Law of Periods Planets closer to
the Sun will complete an orbit faster than planets farther away.
Kepler’s Laws of Planetary Motion
Planets in our Solar System
As we go through the presentation, take notes on your note sheet! Write neatly.
There are two types of planets: terrestrial and gas giant planets.
Terrestrial Planets Inner planets, formed close to the Sun.
Solid surfaces Thin atmospheres Small and dense
Gas Giant Planets Outer planets, formed farther from the Sun.
Solid core Thick, icy atmosphere Large, low-density Many moons
Mercury Mercury is the smallest
planet in our solar system and closest to the Sun.
One day = 58 Earth days One year = 88 Earth days 0 moons It has almost no
atmosphere because the solar winds blow it away!
Venus Venus is known as Earth’s
“evil twin” because it’s about the same size, but toxic!
One day = 243 Earth days One year = 225 Earth days 0 moons The atmosphere is almost
97% CO2 and it rains sulfuric acid.
Earth Home sweet home! Earth is
at the perfect distance from the Sun. We get warm, but not too warm…
One day = 24 Earth hours One year = 365 Earth days 1 moon The atmosphere is mainly
nitrogen and oxygen.
Mars The red planet. Although
smaller than Earth, Mars was a lot like our planet before solar activity stripped the atmosphere.
One day = 24 Earth hours One year = 1.88 Earth years 2 moons The atmosphere is about 95%
CO2 and 2.7% nitrogen.
Some scientists think that we could “terraform” Mars and make it habitable like
Earth!
Pack your bags!
The largest planet located just beyond the asteroid belt…
One day = 10 Earth hours One year = 11.86 Earth years 63 known moons The atmosphere is icy. Mainly
hydrogen and helium. The stripes are bands of wind!
Jupiter
Famous for its prominent rings and has beautiful auroras.
One day = 10.5 Earth hours One year = 29.5 Earth years 60 moons The atmosphere is cold and
mainly hydrogen and helium. The pressures are so great that it rains diamonds on Saturn!
Saturn
This gas giant is on its side. So it rolls around the Sun instead of spinning.
One day = 17.5 Earth hours One year = 84 Earth years 27 moons The atmosphere is mainly
hydrogen and helium, but the methane gives it a blue appearance.
Uranus
This gas giant is the farthest planet from the Sun. It has rings made of rocks and gravel.
One day = 16 Earth hours One year = 164.8 Earth years 13 moons The atmosphere is hydrogen,
helium, and methane. It’s the farthest planet from the Sun, so it has more ices.
Neptune
The Sun The Sun contains 99% of the entire mass
of the solar system. The only star in our solar system. Provides heat and light; partially
responsible for life on Earth.
Small Bodies in the Solar System
Asteroids Most are in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter Some cross orbits with Earth’s orbits.
Comets Ice, rock, and dust Can take 1000s of years to orbit the Sun
Meteors Small, rocky bodies Most burn up in our atmosphere and are called shooting stars