生物主題報告Emotional memory (the prefrontal

cortex)and Phineas gage

B9902016 呂賴穎B9902049 郭育綺

THINK! Is these true?

• Emotionally charged events are remembered better

• Pleasant emotions are usually remembered better than unpleasant ones

• Positive memories contain more contextual details (which in turn, helps memory)

• Strong emotion can impair memory for less emotional events and information experienced at the same time

• It's the emotional arousal, not the importance of the information, that helps memory

• Remembering is easier when your mood matches the mood you were in when experiencing/learning the information

• The stronger the emotions aroused, the greater the effect on memory

• Emotions can be evoked, or minimized, by displaying or suppressing expressions of emotion

• Different emotional states may impair or help memory, for different memory tasks

What is emotional memory?

• What's emotion got to do with memory?

• Stress and survival

• Brain regions involved in the emotion-memory interaction

• The relationship between emotion and attention

• How do emotions affect memory?

• Age and gender differences

There are three possible ways to define the prefrontal cortex:

1.as the granular frontal cortex

2.as the projection zone of the mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus

海馬迴杏仁核

腦下垂體

嗅球

中膈腦穹

邊緣系統 (Limbic system)

Phineas Gage

Phineas Gage˙ A large iron rod was driven completely through his head, destroying much of his brain's left frontal lobe.˙the first case suggesting that damage to specific regions of the brain might affect personality and behavior.˙“No longer Gage”˙The importance of this case

How the accident happened?

☆The iron entered on the side of his face , passing back of the left eye, and out at the top of the head.☆crowbar causes blood and brain seriously harm. walked with little or no assistance, and sat upright in a cart for the 3/4-mile ride to his lodgings in town.☆Very conscious, finally exhausted from the hemorrhage( 出血 ).

A

C

Enter cranium( 頭蓋骨 )>>passing through the anterior left lobe of the cerebrum( 大腦 )>>exit in medial line

Damage condition

受傷區域對照

解決問題 , 情緒 , 複雜性的思考

掌管語言的理解掌管語言的產生與咬字的清晰程度

前額葉皮質區並不發達或有所損傷的話，行為就會像小孩子一樣，無法控制自己的情緒

Brain damage and mental change• This case influenced Phrenology and

modern neuropsychology

• No autopsy

• Damage to the prefrontal cortex does not disrupt the basic function of sensory, memory or emotional systems; it disrupts a person's ability to synthesize these systems and produce organized social behavior.