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Km<IrGdækfaPasasIhL£ EdlRB¼BuT§eXas£ánERbmkCaGdæ- kfaRB¼éRtbidkCaPasamKF£ maneRcInCagBak´kNþalénKm<IrGdækfa TaMgGs´ manraynamRB¼Km<IrdUecñ¼ ½

-15-

1 smnþb,asaTika GdækfaRB¼vin&ybidk 2 kgçavitrNI ¦matikdækfa GdækfaRB¼átiemakç 3 sumg:lvilasnI GdækfaTIXnikay 4 bbBa©sUTnI GdækfamCÄimnikay 5 sartSb,kasinI GdækfasMyutþnikay 6 menarfbUrNI GdækfaGg:útþrnikay 7 brmtSeCatika GdækfaxuTÞkáz£ nigsutþniát 8 FmµbTdækfa GdækfaFmµbT 9 Catkdækfa GdækfaCatk 10 GdæsalinI GdækfaFmµsg:NIbkrN_ 11 semµahvienaTnI GdækfaviPg:bkrN_ 12 bBa©krNdækfa eQµa¼brmtSTIbnI CaRB¼GdækfaRB¼GPiFmµTaMg RáMKm<Ir KW Fatukfa kfavtSú buK:lb,BaØtþi ymk nigbdæan . 13 visuT§imK: bkrN_viesseBaleday sIl smaFi bBaØa . 14 jaeNaT&y EtgmunkalenA}NÐa c,abédImGnþrFanehIy . 15 britþdækfa GdækfaRB¼éRtbidkc,ab´segçb c,abédImGnþþrFan ehIy .

RB¼Km<IrTaMgen¼ ánCaRbeyaCn_d¾éRkElg cMeBa¼mnusßkñúgRbeTs epßg@ elakeBalTukfa Km<IrTaMgGseRbIeBlevlaRtwmEt 1 qñaM k¾án

-16-

seRmc ánekItesckþIGs©arü sUm,IEpndIk¾keRmIkjabj&r . lT§plkargar vNÑkmµrbs´RB¼BuT§eXas£ GñksikßaPasaálI

TUeTAánsresIr nigrabGanelakfa CaburaNacarüd¾sMxan´éRkElgrbs´ elakeyIgen¼ .

3

-17-

raynamelakGñkman]bkar³ 3

elakRKÚGKÁbNÐitFmµacarü b‘ut savgS elakRKÚFmµbNÐit rs; supat

elakRKÚviniyacarü KaM GuIv ])sk k¥at h‘n ])sk nak; em:A

])sk TMu TYn ])sk huk swghYt ])sk Cwm CMnit ])sk ekIt Titü ])sk sn m:arDI ])sk hay cMerIn ])sk Gwum ér:y:a ])sk suRk h‘t ])sk esam rtn³ ])sk sM qay ])sk em:A pun ])sk Ca suI)n ])sika fab; elOm ])sika hay sar:at; ])sika b‘ut sum:alI ])sika ys sm,tþi ])sika BU h‘ag ])sika b‘ut esdadYg ])sika Eb:n rmNI

RBmTaMgBuT§bris½Tkñúg nigeRkARbeTs

3

-18-

raynamGñkERbsRmÜl

3

RBHsgÇGaRsmRBHKn§kudi RBHPikçúGKÁTienña nUv bUr:a RbFanGaRsm RBHPikçúcitþrkçieta sM sm,tþi Fmµacarü RBHPikçúFmµb,eBaØa qMu saevOn Fmµacarü RBHPikçúvrFemµa put etA Fmµacarü RBHPikçúetCFera qav qan Fmµacarü Epñk])sk

])sk hay cMerIn ])sk Cwm CMnit

3

-19-

btþiTankfa 3

kareroberog ERbsRmÜlGdækfaRBHéRtbidkCaexmrPasa edIm,I bUCacMeBaHRBHrtnéRt mü:ageTotedIm,Itmál;TukCasm,tþivb,Fm’Cati nigCacMENkcUlrYmkñúgkartaMgenAénRBHsT§mµKRmb; 5>000 RBHvsSa .

eyIgCaRkúmERbsRmÜlGdækfa sUmelIknUvbuNükuslEdlekIt eLIgGMBIkargarenH H-

]TÞisfVay nigeKarBCUn ³ -RBHmhavrkSRtiy_ nigmhavrkSRtiyanI -RBHmhakSRtiy_énRBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa -semþcRBHsgÇraCTaMgBIrKN³ -matabitaéneyIgxJúMTaMgGs;Kña -elakRKÚGKÁbNÐitFmµcarü b‘ut savgS -elakRKÚFmµbNÐit rs; supat -sBVmuxm®nþIraCkar nigRbCanura®sþénkm<úCrdæ -sBVstVTaMgGs;kñúgRt½yPB sUmelakeRtkGr GnuemaTnanUvcMENkbuNüenH

sUmGnuemaTna ¡>>>>> Rkúmeroberog nigERbsRmÜl

-20-

matikaFm’ 3

eQµaHerOg TMB½r vKÁTI 1

KnßarmÖkfa 1 niTankfa 10 1-Gdækfa suPUtiKafa 52 2-Gdækfa mhaekadæitKafa 93 3-Gdækfa kgçaervtKafa 108 4-Gdækfa buNÑmnþanIbutþKafa 124 5-Gdækfa TBVKafa 137 6-Gdækfa sItvniyKafa 157 7-Gdækfa PløiyKafa 167 8-Gdækfa vIrKafa 174 9-Gdækfa bilinÞvcäKafa 180 10-Gdækfa buNÑmasKafa 190

vKÁTI 2 1-Gdækfa cULvcäKafa 197 2-Gdækfa mhavcäKafa 204 3-Gdækfa vnvcäKafa 209 4-Gdækfa vnvcässSameNrKafa 217 5-Gdækfa kuNÐFanKafa 224 6-Gdækfa eBldæsIsKafa 242

-21-

97-Gdækfa TaskKafa 248 8-Gdækfa sigÁalbitaKafa 255 -Gdækfa kulKafa 261 10-Gdækfa GCitKafa 267

vKÁTI 3 1-Gdækfa nieRKaFKafa 272 2-Gdækfa citþkKafa 284 3-Gdækfa eKasalKafa 290 4-Gdækfa suKn§Kafa 295 5-Gdækfa nnÞiyKafa 301 6-Gdækfa GPyKafa 306 7-Gdækfa elamskgÁiyKafa 313 8-Gdækfa Cm<úKamikbutþKafa 320 9-Gdækfa haritKafa 326 10-Gdækfa ]tþiyKafa 331

vKÁTI 4 1-Gdækfa KhuvrtIriyKafa 338 2-Gdækfa sub,iyKafa 343 3-Gdækfa esa)akKafa 353 4-Gdækfa e)asiyKafa 360 5-Gdækfa samBaØkaniKafa 369 6-Gdækfa kumabutþKafa 376 7-Gdækfa kumabutþshayKafa 383

-22-

8-Gdækfa Kvm,tiKafa 390 9-Gdækfa tisSKafa 397 10-Gdækfa vDÆmanKafa 403

vKÁTI 5 1-Gdækfa sirivDÆKafa 406 2-Gdækfa xTirvniyKafa 412 3-Gdækfa sumgÁlKafa 422 4-Gdækfa sanuKafa 431 5-Gdækfa rmNiyviharIKafa 440 6-Gdækfa smiT§iKafa 446 7-Gdækfa ]C¢yKafa 452 8-Gdækfa sBa¢yKafa 457 9-Gdækfa rameNyükKafa 461 10-Gdækfa vimlKafa 466

3

-1- Gdækfa KnßarmÖkfa

brmtæTIbnI

GdðkzaxuTÞknikay ezrKaza

Ékni:t

KnæarmÖkza

´sUmfVaybgÁMRBHelaknaf RTg;manRBHT½yeBar-

eBjeTAedayRBHmhakruNaTiKuN esþcdl;eRtIy

énsaKr KW ejyüFm’)anehIy RTg;sMEdgFm’d¾l¥it

RCaleRCA mann½yd¾viciRt .

´sUmfVaybgÁMRBHd¾]tþm EdlsemþcRBHs-

mµasm<úT §RTg;bUCaehIy EdlCaeRKÓgnaMCnGñksm,Úr

edayviC¢a nigcrN³ecjcakelak .

´sUmfVaybgÁMRBHGriysgÇ Gñksm,Úreday

KuN mansIlKuNCaedIm sßitenAehIykñúgmKÁ nig


pl CaERsbuNüd¾kMBUl .

edayetCanuPaBénbuNü EdlekItGMBIkar

nmsáarRBHrtnéRt dUc)anBN’namkenH sUm[´

rYccakGnþraykñúgTIRKb;kEnøg RKb;kal .

KafaTaMgLayNa EdlR)ascakGamis Edl

RBHefr³TaMgLayGñkmankic©eRscehIy CaGñknwg

Fwg manRBHsuPUtiefr³CaedIm nigRBHefrITa MgLay

PasitehIy nigKafaNa EdlRCaleRCA l¥itl¥n;

sþab;ehIyedayviFI manEbb]TanCaedIm bdisMyutþ

edaysuBaØtFm’ RbkasFm’rbs;RBHGriy³ RBHFmµ-

sgÁahkacarüTaMgLay GñknwgFwg GñkEsVgrkKuN

d¾FM rYbrYmKafaTaMgenaHTukkñúgKm<IrxuTÞknikay eday

ehAeQµaHfa efrKafa nigefrIKafa .

EdlBit karEtgGdækfa BN’naesckþIlMdab;

bTEdlmanGtßd¾RCaleRCA EdléFV I minEmnrbs;


EdleFVI)angayeLIy eRBaHCaGtßEdlKb,Ijúa Mg[

dl;)ank¾edayKmÖIrjaN .

EteRBaHGdækfanwgCYyKaMRTsasnarbs;RBH

sasþaTuk)an TaMgkarvinicä½yrbs;bNþabuBVacarü Gñk

eRbón)anedayraCsIh_ EdlmanenAehIypg dUecñaH

éTIbnwgsUmEtgGdækfa {efrKafa} nig efrIKafa}

tamkmøaMgEdlGac edayRbkan;ykkarvinicä ½yrbs;

bNþabuBVacarüTaMgenaHCaeKal kan;yknikayTaMg

5 Cac,ab; nigGaRs½yn½yGMBIburaNGdækfa sUm,I

nwgmanRtwmEtBaküeBalR)ab; Edl)anGaRs½ykar

GagKñamk Etk¾brisuT§RtwmRtÚvmineXøógXøat Cakar

vinicä ½yd¾l¥it CalT§i ¬mti¦ Edlrat;rayx©at;x©ay

rbs;buBVacarüénKN³mhavihar .

mü:ageTot sUmxøwmsarénKafaNa evorGnu-

buBVikfaecjehIyk¾dwg)anlM)ak ńwgnaMGnubuBVikfa


enaH rbs;KafaenaH mksMEdg[Cak;c,as; TaMgnwg

sMEdgRbkarvinicä ½yeTotpg .

saFuCnTaMgLay sUmelakTaMgLaycUrtaMg

citþsþab; karBN’naesckþIénGdækfa efrKafa nig

efrIKafaenaH EdlnwgEckteTA rbs;´GñksgÇwm[

RBHsT§mµtaMgenA)anyUr teTAcuH .

GdækfaKnßarmÖkfa

efrKafa nigefrIKafa EtmYyKafaCay:agNa nigmanRbvtþi

dUcemþc sUm,IesckþIRbkarenH elakeBalTukkñúgKafaTaMgLayehIy

k¾Bit EtefrKafaEdlRBHsuPUtietßrCaedIm eBalehIy kñúgKafaenaH

ńwgeBaldEdleTot edIm,IeFVIesckþI[Cak;c,as; . k¾RBHefr³TaMg

enaH BicarNaeXIjsuxEdlekItGMBImKÁ pl tamEdlxøÜnseRmc

ehIy )aneBalKafaxøHTuk edayGMNacén]Tan )aneBalKafabT

xøHTukedayGMNacénkarBicarNaFm’CaeRKÓgenA KW smabtþirbs;xøÜn

)aneBalKafabTxøHTuk edayGMNacénBaküsYr )aneBalKafabTxøH


edayGMNac ¬cg¥úl[eXIj¦ RbkarEdlCaBaküTUnµannaMecjcak

Tukç . kñúgevlaeFVIsgÁayna RBHFmµsgÁahkacarüTaMgLay cgRkg

KafaTaMgGs;enaHTuk rYmTukkñ úgBYkEtmYy [eQµaHfa {efrKafa}

ÉefrIKafa elakEckTukCaefrIKafaedaycMeBaH .

k¾kñ úgbNþabidkTaMg 3 KW vin½ybidk sutþnþbidk GPiFmµ-

bidk ¬efr-efrI¦ KafaTaMgenaH rab;cUlkñúgsutþnþbidk . kñúgbNþa

nikayTaMg 5 KW TIXnikay mCÄimnikay sMyutþnikay GgÁútþr-

nikay nigxuTÞknikay KafaTaMgenaH rab;cUlkñúgxuTÞknikay . kñúg

bNþastßúsasn_ 9 KW sutþ³ eKyü³ evyüakrN³ Kafa ]Tan

\tivutþk³ Catk GBÖ ÚtFm’ evTlø³ KafaTaMgenaH se®gÁaHcUlkñúg

{Kafa} . k¾kñúgbNþaFmµkçn§ 84>000 Fmµkçn§ EdlRBHGannÞetßrCa

FmµPNÐaKarik ebþCJaTuky:agenHfa

Fm’TaMgLayNa EdlRbRBwtþeTAdl;´ Fm’TaMgenaH

éronykGMBIRBHBuT§ 82>000 Fmµkçn§ GMBIPikç úr Ub

déT 2>000 Fmµkçn§ rYmCa 84>000 Fmµkçn§ .


kñúgbNþaefrKafa nigefrIKafaTaMgenaH nwgeBaledayefrKafa

mun edayni)atman 14 ni)at KW epþ ImBI Ékni)at rhUtdl;ctu-

TÞsni)at edaybEnßmmYyni)at 1 Kafa rYmCa 7 ni)at KW esa-

Lsni)at vIstini)at tigSni)at ctþaLIsni)at bBaØasni)at

sdæini)at nigstþni)at Ca 21 ni)at .

eQµaHfa ni)at eRBaHGtßfa taMgTuk tmál;Tuk . eQµaHfa

Ékni)at eRBaHCaTItaMgTuk tmál;Tuk nUvKafa ni)atmYyKafamYy .

sUm,Ikñ úgni)atd¾ess k¾Kb,IRCabtamn½yenH .

kñúgbNþani)atTaMgenaH Ékni)atman 12 vKÁ . kñúgvKÁmYy²

EckecjCamYyvKÁ 10 rUb eTIbmanRBHefr³ 120 rUb Kafak¾man

cMnYnesµIKña smdUcEdlelakeBalTukfa

RBHefr³ 120 rUb Gñkmankic©eRscehIy rkGasv³

minman EdlRBHFmµsgÁahkacarü GñkEsVgrkKuN

d¾FM cgRkgTukehIykñúgmYyni)at .

kñúgTukni)at manRBHefr³ 49 rUb manKafa 98 Kafa


kñúgtikni)at manRBHefr³ 16 rUb manKafa 48 Kafa

kñ úgctukáni)at manRBHefr³ 13 rUb manKafa 52 Kafa

kñ úgbBa©kni)at manRBHefr³ 12 rUb manKafa 60 Kafa

kñ úgqkáni)at manRBHefr³ 14 rUb manKafa 84 Kafa

kñ úgstþkni)at manRBHefr³ 5 rUb manKafa 35 Kafa

kñ úgGdækni)at manRBHefr³ 3 rUb manKafa 25 Kafa

kñ úgnvkni)at manRBHefr³ 1 rUb manKafa 9 Kafa

kñ úgTskni)at manRBHefr³ 7 rUb manKafa 70 Kafa

kñ úgÉkaTskni)at manRBHefr³ 1 rUb manKafa 11 Kafa

kñ úgTVaTskni)at manRBHefr³ 2 rUb manKafa 24 Kafa

kñ úgeRtskni)at manRBHefr³ 1 rUb manKafa 13 Kafa

kñ úgcuTÞskni)at manRBHefr³ 2 rUb manKafa 28 Kafa

kñ úgbNÑrskni)at minman

kñúgesaLskni)at manRBHefr³ 2 rUb manKafa 32 Kafa

kñ úgvIstini)at manRBHefr³ 10 rUb manKafa 245 Kafa


kñúgtigSni)at manRBHefr³ 3 rUb manKafa 105 Kafa

kñ úgctþaLIsni)at manRBHefr³ 1 rUb manKafa 42 Kafa

kñ úgbBaØasni)at manRBHefr³ 1 rUb manKafa 55 Kafa

kñ úgsdæin i)at manRBHefr³ 1 rUb manKafa 68 Kafa

kñ úgstþtini)at¬1¦ manRBHefr³ 1 rUb manKafa 71 Kafa

rYmTaMgGs; manRBHefr³ 264 rUb manKafa 1>360 Kafa

dUecñHÉg . smdUcEdlelakeBalTukfa

RBHFmµsgÁahkacarüRbkasTukfa manKafa 1>360 Kafa

manRBHefr³ 264 rUb .

cMENkefrIKafa man 9 ni)at taMgGMBIÉkni)at dl;nvk-

ni)at edaybEnßmmYyni)at 1 Kafa nigrYmbEnßm 7 ni)at KW Éka-

Tskni)at TVaTskni)at esaLskni)at vIstini)at tigStini)at

ctþaLisni)at mhani)at rYmCa 16 ni)at . kñúgefrIKafaenaH

kñ úgÉkni)at manRBHefrI 18 rUb manKafa 18 KafadUcKña

1¦ kñ úgTIdéTehAfa mhani)at .


kñúgTukni)at manRBHefrI 10 rUb manKafa 20 Kafa

kñ úgtikni)at manRBHefr³ 8 rUb manKafa 24 Kafa

kñ úgctukáni)at manRBHefrI 1 rUb manKafa 4 Kafa

kñ úgbBa©kni)at manRBHefr³ 12 rUb manKafa 60 Kafa

kñ úgqkáni)at manRBHefr³ 8 rUb manKafa 48 Kafa kñ úgstþkni)at manRBHefr³ 3 rUb manKafa 21 Kafa

taMgBIGdækni)atdl;esaLskni)at manRBHefrImYyni)at 1

rUb Kafak¾mancMnYnesµIKñanwgni)atenaH²

kñúgvIstini)at manRBHefrI 5 rUb manKafa 118 Kafa

kñ úgtigSni)at manRBHefrI 1 rUb manKafa 34 Kafa

kñ úgctþaLIsni)at manRBHefrI 1 rUb manKafa 48 Kafa

kñ úgmhani)at manRBHefrI 1 rUb manKafa 75 Kafa

kñ úgefrKafa nigefrIKafaenH Kb,IRCabcMnYnni)at cMnYnGñk

eBalKafa nigcMnYnKafa dUcBN’namky:agenH .

cb;Gdækfa KnßarmÖkfa

-surub RBHefrI nigKafakñúgGdækfa man 68 GgÁ Kafa 470 / bidk RBHefrI 71 GgÁ manKafa 494 .

-10- Gdækfa niTankfa

Gdðkza niTankza

[1] kñúgefrKafa nigefrIKafaTaMgenH mancMnYntamEdlkMNt;Tuk

ehIyenaH efrKafak¾manmun . sUm,IkñúgbNþaefrKafaTaMgenaH Kafa

EdlRBHGannÞeBalTuk edIm,IsresIrRBHefr³TaMgenaH kñúgevlaeFVI

bzmsgÁaynafa

sIhanMv nTnþanM TazInM KiritBÖer

suNaf PavittþanM Kafa Gtßúbnayika

yfanama yfaeKatþa yfa Fmµvihariena

yfaFimutþa sb,BaØa vihrwsu GtnÞita

ttß ttß vibsSitVa pusitVa Gc©útM bTM

ktnþM bc©evkçnþa \mmtßM GPaswsu .

GñkTaMgLay cUrsþab;nUvKafaTaMgLay Rbkbeday

RbeyaCn_ rbs;RBHefr³TaMgLay GñkmancitþceRmIn

ehIy kalbnøWeLIg dUcCasIh³CastVmancgáÚm Edl

bnøWeTobRckénPñM RBHefr³TaMgLay tamnam tam


eKaRt tamviharFm’ tamGFüaRs½y RbkbedayR)aCJa

CabuKÁlminx¢ ilRcGUs ceRmInv ibsSna kúñgTIenaH²

)anBal;RtÚvGc©útbT KW RBHniBVan BicarNanUvKuN

sm,tþi Edlelak)aneFVIeRscehIy )ansMEdgehIy

nUvesckþId UcteTA .

sBÞfa sIh³ kñúgbTfa sIhanM kñúgKafaenaH eRbIkñúgGtßfa

esþcRmwK dUckñúgRbeyaKfa {mñalPikçúTaMgLay raCsIh_Caesþc

RmwK} eRbIkñ úgGtßfa eQµaHmnusS dUckñ úgRbeyaKfa {RKaenaHÉg

sIhesnabtI cUleTAKal;RBHmanRBHPaKdl;TIRbfab;} eRbIkñúgGtß

fa tfaKt dUckñúgRbeyaKfa {mñalPikçúTaMgLay Baküfa sIh³

enH CaeQµaHrbs;tfaKtGrhnþsmµasm<úT§} sUm,IkñúgKafaenH sIh³

sBÞ Kb,IRCabfa manGtßeRbóbeFob ¬dUcsIh³¦ dUc sIh³ sBÞ

eRbIkñ úgn½yeRbóbeFobCamYyBaküfa tfaKt kñúgTIenaH . eRBaH

dUecñaH bTfa sIhanMv eTIbkat;bTCa sIhanM \v ¬ERbfa dUcCa

raCsIh³¦ lubRsHecjedayGMNacsn§i dUckñ úgRbeyaKCaedImfa


ÉvM s et . bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa \v CabTni)at .

bTfa suNaf ¬cUrsþab;¦ CabTGaxüat eRkAGMBIenHCabT

nam .

mYyeTot bTfa sIhanMv ¬dUcraCsIh_¦ CaqdæIviPtþ ieRbIkñúg

kareyagesckþI ¬TajBakümk¦ . k¾ÉkareyagesckþIkñ úgKafaenH

sUm,Ielakmin)aneBalTukedaysrubk¾Bit EtedayGtß rEmgeQµaHfa

CakarEdlelakeBalTukehIyenaHÉg . eRBaHdUckalEdleBal

fa »dæesSv muxM ÉtsS k¾esµInwgeBalesckþIenHfa »dæsS muxM

viy muxM ÉtsS ¬muxrbs;eKdUcmuxGUd æ¦ y:agNa sUm,Ikñ úgRbkar

enHk¾dUecñaH kaleBalfa sIhanMv k¾esµInwgeBalfa sIhanM naeTa

viy ¬dUckarbnøWrbs;sIh³¦ . ebIbEnßmsBÞfa mux³ cUlkñúgbTfa

»dæesSv )anEdr sUm,Ikñ úgbTfa sIhanMv enH k¾RtÚvbEnømBaküfa

nTnþanM cUl)an ¬dUcKña¦ eRBaHdUecñaH bTfa nTnþanM eTIbCabT

GFib,ayrbs;bTfa sIhanMv .

bTfa nTnþanM ¬bnøWehIy¦ CabTsEmþgesckþITak;TgKñarbs;


bTfa sIhanMv enaH eRBaHBaküGFib,ayrbs;Baküfa sIhanM .

Baküfa TazInM Caviess³rbs;Baküfa sIhanM . Baküfa

KiriKB<er ¬Citl¥agPñM¦ sEmþgdl;TIEdlraCsIh_enaHRtac;eTA . bT

fa suNaf ¬cUrsþab;¦ CaBakübbYl[sþab; . bTfa Pav ittþanM

¬GñkmanxøÜnGb;rMehIy¦ sEmþgdl; RbPBekItrbs;vtßúEdlKYrsþab; .

bTfa Kafa )andl; BaküEdlsEmþgdl;erOgEdlKYrsþab; . bTfa

GtßÚbnayika ¬Edlbeg¥aneTAkan;RbeyaCn_¦ Caviess³rbs;bTfa

Kafa . EdlBitBaküfa sIhanM nTnþanM TazIn M kñúgKafaenH xag

edImCabuMligÁ Etpøas;ligÁecj eRbIn½yCa\tßIligÁk¾)an dUceBalfa

sIhInM CaedIm . mü:ageTot edayrUbÉkesssmas TaMgraCsIh_

nigraCsIh_jI ehAfa sIh³ . k¾bNþasIh³TaMgenaH niTanKafaTaMg

3 KafaenH EdlmanBaküepþ Imfa sIhanM eTIbeRbI)anTUeTATaMgefr-

Kafa nigefrIKafa .

Kb,IRCabvinicä½ykñúgbTfa sIhanMv enaHdUcteTA . eQµaHfa

sIh³ eRBaHGn;Fn; nigeRBaHsmøab; . GFib,ayfa eRbóbdUcCaraC-

-14- Gdækfa n iTankfa

sIh_ EdlCaesþcRmwK rEmgminmanGnþrayGMBIRmwK ¬QøÚs kþan;

eRbIs¦ nigdMrIEdlcuHeRbgCaedImeLIy eRBaHRbkbedaykmøaMgviess

sUm,IGnþrayGMBIxül; nigkemþAéf¶CaedIm raCsIh_k¾Gt;Fn;)an sUm,I

kalecjrkGahar CYbdMrIRtkUlKn§³cuHeRbg nigRkbIéRBCaedIm k¾

minjab;j½r mintk;søút Gacp©aj;)an eRBaHsm,ÚredayetC³ nig

kalRbyutþ k¾nwgsmøab;stVTaMgenaH)anRKb;eBl ehIyxaMsIusac;

puykñúgTIepSg² rs;enAy:agsb,ay y:agNa RBHmhaefr³TaMg

LayenHk¾dUecñaH minjab;j½r mintk;søút sUm,IGMBITINa² eRBaH

sm,ÚredayetC³ edaylHGnþraysUm,ITaMgBYgecj)an eRBaHRbkb

eTAedayKuNviess EdlCakmøaMgrbs;RBHGriy³ eRBaHRKbsgát;

kmøaMgsgáielsmanraK³CaedIm ehIysmøab; KW lHbg;)an

rEmg enACasux mansuxkñ úgQanCaedIm eRBaHdUecñaHeTIbeQµaHfa

sIh³ eRBaHdUcCaraCsIh_ edaykarGt;Fn; nigkarsmøab; .

EtedayGtßénsBÞ Kb,IRCabfa eQµaHfa sIh³ edayGtß

fa ebotebon dUcvtßúEdlmnusSelaksnµtKñaehAfa tká³ ¬TwkedaHEdl


cMGinmYyrMBuH¦ eRBaHGtßfa kat; edayykGkSrxagedImmkTukxag

eRkay . sUm,IeQµaHfa raCsIh_ edayGtßfa Gt;Fn; k¾Kb,IRCab

y:agenaH ¬KW sIh³ esµIn wg hws GñkERb¦ .

mü:ageTot éRksraCsIh_esþcRmwK Rtac;eTAEtÉg eRBaHPaB

sm,ÚrkñúgetC³rbs;xøÜn minKitykstVNa² Camitþ y:agNa sUm,I

RBHefr³TaMgenH k¾dUecñaH eQµaHfa sIh³ eRBaHdUcCasIh³ eRBaH

CaGñkeRtkGréRkElgkñúgvievk nigeRBaHGtßfa CaGñkRtac;eTAEtmñak;

Ég eRBaHCaGñksm,ÚredayetC³ . eRBaHehtuenaH RBHmanRBHPaK

eTIbRtas;fa {dUcCaraCsIh_ nigdMrIFM Rtac;eTAEtÉg} .

mü:ageTot RBHmhaefr³TaMgenH eQµaHfa sIh³ eRBaHGtßfa

dUcCasIh³ eRBaHRbkbeTAedayKuNviess mankarmintk;søút vagév

nigesckþIBüayamCaedIm . smdUcRBHmanRBHPaKRtas;Tukfa

{PikçúTaMgLay 2 BYkenH kalrnÞH)aj;rEmgmintk;søút . 2

BYkdUcemþc? KW PikçúCaxINaRsB 1 sIhmiKraC 1 . PikçúTaMgLay

2 BYkenH kalrnÞH)aj;rEmgmintk;søút} .


sUm,IesckþIvagévrbs;raCsIh_ k¾minTUeTACamYystVBYkdéT

sUm,IPaBkøahank¾dUcKña ¬KW mindUcstVdéT¦ . BitehIy raCsIh_

elateTA)ancm¶ay 100 ]sP³ eTAcuHRtg;hVÚgRkbIéRBCaedIm sUm,I

CakUnraCsIh_ k¾xaMEhkllad¾k,aldMrIcuHeRbgEdlcuHeRbg sIusac;

x©IEdlCab;Rtg;Pø úk)an . cMENkkmøaMgénGriymKÁ nigkmøaMgénbJT§×

rbs;RBHmhaefr³TaMgenaH k¾minTUeTACamYyPikç úBYkdéT sUm,Ikñ úgkar

Büayamkñúgsmµb,Fan 4 TaMgCabuNüd¾RbesIréRkElg . eRBaH

dUecñaH bTfa sIhanMv eTIbmann½yfa dUcraCsIh_ . k¾kñ úgbTenH

Kb,IRCabfa ]bmaraCsIh_y:agTabcMeBaHBaküfa efr³ Edlman

Gtßfa Gt;Fn; CaedIm EdlCaKuNviesséRkElgNas; .

bTfa nTnþanM ¬bnøWehIy¦ esckþIfa CaBakürYm . GFib,ay

fa kñúgevlaRtÚvkarGahar nigevlaRtÚvkar ¬pøÚvePT¦ CaedIm raCsIh_

TaMgLay ecjcakl¥agrbs;xø ÜnehIy mitBt;kaybnøWsIhnaTKYr

[EsJg y:agNa sUm,IRBHmhaefr³TaMgenaHk¾dUecñaH nwgbnøWsMeLg

KYr[EsJg kñúgevlaBircaNaGarmµN_EdlRbRBwtþeTAkñ úgxagkñ úg nig


evla]TanCaedIm . eRBaHehtuenaH elak ¬RBHGannÞ¦ eTIbeBal

fa dUckarbnø Wrbs;raCsIh_TaMgLay .

bTfa TazInM ERbfa mancgáÚm . GFib,ayfa mancgáÚmd¾

RbesIr mancgáÚml¥s¥atéRkElg . GFib,ayfa raCsIh_TaMgLay

rEmgRKbsgát;brbkçedaykmøaMgrbs;cgáÚmTaMg 4 d¾rwgTaM nigkmøaMg

d¾xøa Mg ehIyjúaMgmenarfrbs;xø Ün[dl;TIbMput)an y:agNa sUm,I

RBHmhaefr³TaMgenHk¾dUecñaH RKbsgát;kielsEdlCabrbkç EdlxøÜn

minTan;RKbsgát;)ankñúgsgSar EdlrkxagedImmin)an edaykmøaMg

éncgáÚm KW GriymKÁTaMg 4 júaMgmenarfrbs;xÜøn[dl;TIbMput)an .

sUm,IkñúgTIenH RBHGriymKÁ k¾eQµaHfa cgáÚm eRBaHdUcCacgáÚm eRBaH

dUecñaH Kb,IRCabfa mann½yeRbóbeFobCamYyKña)an .

bTfa Kir iKBÖer ERbfa Citl¥agPñ M . ¬bTfa KiriKBÖer enH¦

CastþmIviPtþ icuHkñ úgGtßfa Cit . GacarüBYkxøHsURtfa KiriKvðer ¬ERb

fa Rtg;dgéRB KW éRBsNÐ³CitPñM¦ . k¾bTfa KiriKBÖer enH CaBakü

sEmþgdl;sßanTId¾rugerOg nigsEmþgdl;PUmiPaKEdlKYrbnøWsIhnaT


rbs;raCsIh_TaMgenaH . mann½yfa ¬dUcraCsIh_TaMgLay¦ bnøW

ehIyCitKuhaPñM .

esckþIfa raCsIh_TaMgLay kalenATICitl¥agPñ M KW kñúgTI

Edls¶at;cakmnusS eRBaHraCsIh_CastVEdlmnusS nigstVdéT

cUlCit)anlM)ak nwgbnøWsIhnaTkñ úgevlaeTArkGahar edIm,IeFV I[

BYkRmwKtUc² ekItkarP½yxøactk;søút eRBaHeXIjxøÜn y:agNa sUm,I

RBHmhaefr³TaMgenH kalenAkñ úgsuBaØaKar dUcKñanwgl¥agPñ M Edl

mnusSBYkdéTcUleTACit)anlM)ak ehIyk¾bnøW ¬sIhnaT¦ minekat

ERkgnrNa eBalKW KafaEdlnwgeBalteTA edIm,I[mhaCnEdl

KµanKuNFm’ evorcakkielsEdleFVI[tk;søút Edl)andl; tNða

nigTidæ i . eRBaHehtuenaH elakeTIbeBalfa dUcraCsIh_hacgáÚmbnøW

ehIyCitl¥agPñ M dUecñaH .

bTfa suNaf ¬cUrsþab;¦ CabTR)ab;[sþab; . edaybT

enH RBHGannÞetßr kalnwg[ekItPaBCaGñkR)afñanwgsþab; eTIbdas;

etOn[dak;citþkñ úgkarsþab; kaleRkakeLIg [ekItesckþI]sSah³


eTIbbNþúHnUvesckþIeKarB nigesckþIrab;GaneRcIn dl;bris½TEdl

mkRbCuMKña ¬edIm,Isþab;¦ KafaTaMgLayEdlnwgeBalteTA .

mü:ageTot Kb,IRCabGtßénbTfa sIhanM CaedIm eday ¬kan;

yk¦ CaeKalEtmü:ag mincaM)ac;eRbóbeFobk¾)an . GFib,ayfa

eRBaHdUecñaH elakTaMgLaycUrsþab;KafaEdlRsedognwgkarbnøW Edl

minP½yxøacrbs;RBHefr³TaMgenaH dUcsþab;karbnøWrbs;raCsIh_ Edl

CaesþcRmwK . eQµaHfa stVmancgáÚm eRBaHmancgáÚmd¾RbesIréRk-

Elg edayPav³CacgáÚmEdlrwgmaM nigmutRsÜc ehIybnøW KW KMram

ehIydUcraCsIh_enAkñúgTICitl¥agPñM . elakeBalGFib,ayfa elak

TaMgLaycUrsþab;Kafa EdleFVIesckþItk;søútdl;CnGñkRbmaT Edl

CakarbnøWrbs;buKÁlGñkmintk;søút eRBaHehtuénP½yTaMgLay elak

lHbg;)anehIyedayl¥ edayRbkarTaMgBYg eRbóbdUckarbnøWsIhnaT

rbs;RBHefr³TaMgLay Gñkmanxø ÜnGb;rMehIy GñkminRbmaTehIy

dUckarbnøWEdlminekatERkgenaH eRBaHminRtÚvekatERkgnrNaénraC-

sIh_EdlCaesþcRmwK bnøWsIhnaTehIy eFVIesckþIjab;j½rdl;stV


déTeRkAGMBIxø Ün dUecñaH .

bTfa PavittþanM ¬GñkmanxøÜnGb;rMehIy¦ )andl; Gñkmancitþ

EdlGb;rMehIy . GFib,ayfa citþ elakehAfa xøÜn dUckñúgRbeyaK

CaedImfa {)anB¤fa xø ÜnnwgÉgTUnµan)anedaylM)ak CnNamancitþ

taMgmaMehIy nwgCaGñkesµaHRtg;dUcxñarsMBt;dUecñaH nigdUckñúgRbeyaK

CaedImfa {taMgxø ÜnTukRbéBehIy} CaedIm . eRBaHdUecñaH eTIbGFi-

b,ay)anfa rbs;RBHGriybuKÁlEdljúaMgcitþ[ceRmInéRkElgehIy

edaysmf³ nigvibsSna edaykarRbkberOy² nUvGFicitþ KW elak

GñkjúaMgcitþ[dl;nUvTIbMputénsmfPavna nigvibsSnaPavna ehIy

taMgenA .

mü:ageTot bTfa PavittþanM esckþIfa manxø ÜnGb;rMehIyCa

sPaB . GFib,ayfa manxø ÜnEdlGb;rMehIyedayKuN mansIl

CaedIm EdlmanehIytamsPav³ . EdleQµaHfa Kafa eRBaHCa

BaküeBcn_EdlelakcgRkgTuk )andl; BaküeBcn_ 4 bT b¤ 6

bT Edl\sITaMgLayRbB½n§TukCaqnÞ manGnudæúPqnÞCaedIm . eRBaH


ehtuEdlqnÞdéT k¾manlkçN³ RsedogKñanwgGnudæúPqnÞenaH elak

eTIbehAfa Kafa . Kafa eQµaHfa GtßÚbnayika ¬beg¥annaMcUleTA

kan;RbeyaCn_¦ eRBaHGtßfa beg¥ancUleTAkan;RbeyaCn_TaMgLay

manRbeyaCn_xøÜnCaedIm b¤eRBaHbeg¥anxø ÜncUleTAkñúgRbeyaCn_TaMg

enaH .

mü:ageTot bTfa Pav ittþanM ERbfa manGtþPaB EdlGb;rM

ehIy . GFib,ayfa GtþPaB elakehAfa Gtþa eRBaHCaTItaMgén

manHfaCa {eyIg} . k¾ÉGtþPaBenaH EdlRBHefr³TaMgenaHGb;rMehIy

edayGb,maTPavna ¬nig¦ GnvC¢Pavna KW Gb;edaykøinénKuNFm’

edayRbéBenaHÉg . RBHGannÞetßrsEmþgPaBbribUN’énPavnarbs;

elakTaMgenaHfa man 4 y:ag KW kayPavna sIlPavna citþPavna

bBaØaPavna TukedayBaküfa PavittþanM enaH nigPavnakñ úgTIenH

elaksMedAdl;pøÚvedIreTAkan;RBHsem<aFiBaØaN . k¾karRtas;dwgsc©³

enH man 2 y:ag KW edaykarRtas;dwg 1 nigedayehtuedIm,I

karRtas;dwgenaH 1 . cMENksem<aFienaH man 3 y:ag KW smµa-


sem<aFiBaØaN 1 bec©ksem<aFiBaØaN 1 savksem<aFiBaØaN 1 .

kñúgbNþasem<aFi 3 y:agenaH eQµaHfa smµasem<aFi eRBaH

dwg KW Rtas;dwgFm’TaMgBYg edayRbéBedayxøÜnÉg . mKÁBaØaN

EdlCabTdæanrbs;sBVBaØ útBaØaN nigsBVBaØ útBaØaNEdlCabTdæan

rbs;mKÁBaØaN elakehAfa smµasem<aFiBaØaN eRBaHehtuenaH RBH

sarIbutþeTIbeBalfa {RBHnamfa BuT§³ )andl; RBHmanRBHPaKRTg;

CasymÖÚ minmanGacarü Rtas;dwgnUvsc©³TaMgLayÉg kñúgFm’TaMg

Lay EdlRBHGgÁminFøab;)anB¤mkkñúgkalmun CaGñkseRmcPaBCa

RBHsBVBaØ Ú kñúgFm’TaMgenaH nigseRmcPaBCaGñkCMnajkñúgBlFm’

TaMgLay} .

BitehIy PaBCaGñkCMnajkñúgBlFm’TaMgLay mann½yfa

Rtas;dwgFm’EdlKYrRtas;dwg . eQµaHfa bec©ksem<aFi eRBaHRtas;

dwgedayxøÜnÉg Cak;c,as;cMeBaHxøÜn . GFib,ayfa min)anRtas;

dwgtamnrNa )andl; Rtas;dwgsc©Fm’edaysymÖÚjaN .

karBit karRtas;dwgsc©Fm’rbs;RBHsmµasm<úT§TaMgLay sUm,I


RbRBwtþeTAedayRBHGgÁÉg edayPaBCasymÖÚjaN eQµaHfa man

GñkRtas;dwgtam eRBaHCaehtuénkarRtas;dwgsc©Fm’rbs;stVTaMg

Lay rkRbmaNmin)an . k¾karseRmcsc©³enaH rbs;BYkstVrk

RbmaNmin)anTaMgenH rEmgminCaehtuénkarRtas;dwgsc©Fm’rbs;

stVsUm,IEtmñak; . eQµaHfa savk eRBaHekItTIbMputénkarsþab;RBH

FmµeTsnarbs;RBHsasþa . ÉkarRtas;dwgsc©Fm’rbs;RBHsavk

TaMgLay eQµaHfa savksem<aFi .

k¾karRtas;dwg 3 y:agenH rbs;RBHeBaFistV 3 BYk Kb,I

RCabfa CakarceRmIneBaFibkç iyFm’ 37 Rbkar manstib,dæanCa

edIm[bribUN’ edIm,Idl;TIbMputénbdibTa EdlnwgnaMmktamlMdab;

rbs;xøÜn ¬rg;caMPaBbribUN’én)armIrbs;xøÜn¦ eRBaHevoreBaFibkç iyFm’

37 RbkarenaH karRtas;dwgeRkAGMBIenHrEmgminman . GFib,ayfa

evorcakkarRtas;dwgedayscäikiriyakic©ecjehIy karRtas;dwgeday

Pavnakic© nwgekItmin)aneLIy . nigkalEdlmanRtas;dwgeday

Pavnakic© karRtas;edaybhankic© nigkarRtas;dwgedaybriBaØakic©


rEmgeQµaHfa CakarseRmceTAkñ úgxø Ün .

k¾kñúgevlaEdlRBHmhaeBaFistV bMeBjeBaFismÖarcb;eRsc

bribUN’ehIy [PBcugeRkay bMeBjbuBVkic©eRscGs;ehIy esþc

eLIgkan;eBaFimNÐlRTg;taMgebþCJafa {eyIgnwgminTmøayblø½gáenH

rhUtdl;citþrbs;eyIg nwgrYcRsLHcakGasv³TaMgLay eRBaHmin

Rbkan;maM} dUecñHehIy RTg;Rbfab;Kg;elIGbraCitblø½gá ¬blø½gáEdl

esþcmkminGacpÞaj;)an¦ enAminTan;dl;evlal¶ac k¾RTg;kMcat;mar

nigBlrbs;marecj)an RTg;rlwkdl;xn§EdlRBHGgÁFøab;GaRs½y

mkehIykñúgkalmun kñúgevakarPBEdlmanGakarminEmntic eday

bueBVnivasanusStiBaØaN kñúgyamedIm RTg;seRmccutUb)atBaØaN

nigGnaKtgSBaØaN edaykarCRmHTiBVckçú[brisuT§ ikñ úgyamkNþal

RTg;taMgmaMkñúgvibsSnaedaymux KW bdic©smub,aT epþImtaMgBICra nig

mrN³ edayn½yCaedImfa {stVelakenH dl;nUvesckþIlM)akhñ+

rEmgekIt cas; søab; cuti nig]b,tþi sUm,IdUecñaH k¾enAEtmindwg

¬RBHniBVan¦ EdlCaeRKÓgrlas;cakTukçenH KW Cra nigmrN³} Ca


RBHelaknaf sMelogkaMbit KW jaN edIm,Ikab;qáarnUvéRBsþúk KW

kiels dUcsMelogkaMbitRtg;fµsRmab;sMelog edIm,Inwgkab;qáar

éRBRkas; ¬qáaréRBFM¦ dUecñaH Rtg;taMgvibsSna[eBjépÞ edaykar

seRmcRBHsmµasem<aFiBaØaN eRBaHehtusm,tþi KW PaBCaRBHBuT§

dl;nUvPaBcas;køa RTg;cUlsmabtþiepSg² kñúgcenøaH² RTg;elIk

namrUbtamEdlRTg;kMNt;ehIyeLIgkan;éRtlkçN_ BicarNasgçar

kñ úgevakarPB manGakarminEmntic edayGMNacénkarBicarNaFm’

tamlMdab;bT júaMgsmµsnvar³ ¬karBicarNabdic©smub,aT¦ [

BisþarehIy edaymuxénFm’ 36 Esnekadi . kalvibsSnajaN

eBalKW mhavCirBaØaN kñúgsmµsnBaØaNenaHcas;køa pUrpg; RbRBwtþ

eTAedayPaBCavudæanKaminI RTg;bnþsmµsnBaØaNenaH edaymKÁ)an

kñúgevlaNa kñúgevlaenaH RTg;júaMgkiels 1>500 [Gs;eTA

edaylMdab;énmKÁ eQµaHfa rEmgRtas;dwgsmµasem<aFiBaØaN kñúg

xN³énmKÁd¾RbesIr ¬GrhtþmKÁ¦ cab;epþ ImGMBIxN³énpld¾RbesIr

¬Grhtþpl¦ eQµaHfa RTg;seRmcehIykñúgyamcugeRkay .


sUm,ITsBlBaØaN nigevsarC¢BaØaNCaedIm eQµaHfa rEmg

enAkñúgkNþab;RBHhsßrbs;RBHGgÁkñúgevlaenaH eRBaHCaRBHsmµasm<úT§

dUecñaH esckþIenH eTIbcat;CabdibTaénRBHsmµasem<aFiBaØaN eday

karRtas;dwgmun . cMENkedayxøwmsarénsmµasem<aFibdibTaenaH

)andl; karkBUneBaFismÖar EdlRbRBwtþeTAehIykñúgrvagEdlRTg;

ekItkñúgtusitBiPB rhUtdl;sEmþgmhaPinihar . BaküEdlKYreBal

dl;kñ úgkarkBUnRBHeBaFismÖarenaH éBalTukbribUrsBVRKb;ehIy

kñúgGdækfacriyabidk eRBaHdUecñaH GñksikSaKb,Ikan;ykedayn½y

Edl´)aneBalehIy kñúgGdækfacriyabidkenaHcuH .

cMENkRBHbec©keBaFistVTaMgLay bMeBjGPinihar edIm,I

RBHbec©keBaFi manbec©ksem<aFismÖar EdlsnSMmkehIyeday

lMdab; taMgenAkñúgGtþPaBcugeRkaykñúgevladUecñaH kan;yksMevK-

nimµ itEdlR)akdehIy edayjaNdl;nUvPaBcas;køa eXIjeTas

kñúgPBCaedIm edayminEbøkKña kMNt;bvtþ i ¬Tukç¦ nigehtuénbvtþi

¬smuTy³¦ nivtþi ¬nieraF¦ nigehtuénnivtþi ¬mKÁ¦ edaysymÖÚjaN


bMeBjctusc©kmµdæan mansc©³ 4 CaGarmµN_ edayn½yEdlmk

ehIy manCaGaTifa {elakmnsikaredayl¥fa enHTukç} BicarNa

sarcuHsareLIgnUvsgçarTaMgLay tamsmKYrdl;GPinIharrbs;xøÜn

ceRmInvibsSnatamlMdab; seRmcmKÁd¾RbesIrtamlMdab;mKÁ eQµaH

fa rEmgRtas;dwgbec©keBaFiBaØaN epþImGMBIxN³énpld¾RbesIr ¬G-

rhtþpl¦ eTA eQµaHfa CaRBHbec©ksm<úT§ rEmgCaRBHGKÁTkçieNyü

buKÁlrbs;elak RBmTaMgeTvelak .

cMENksavk b¤mitþRBhµcarIrbs;RBHsasþa sþab;kmµdæanEdl

mansc©Fm’TaMg 4 CaGarmµN_ RbRBwtþtam KW RbwgERbgBüayam

nUvvtþbdibtþiEdlekItGMBIkmµdæanenaH ceRmInvibsSna b¤kalbdibTa

ceRmIneLIg cak;FøúHsc©³TaMgLay eQµaHfa rEmgseRmcCasavk-

sem<aFiBaØaN kñúgPUmiénGKÁsavk EdlseRmctamsmKYrdl;GPi-

nIharrbs;xø Ün b¤kñ úgxN³énmKÁd¾RbesIrenaHÉg . tGMBIenaHrEmg

eQµaHfa CasavkBuT§ ¬Gñkdwg)anedaykarsþab;¦ CaGKÁTkçieNyü-

buKÁlkñúgelak RBmTaMgeTvelak . bec©ksem<aFi nigsavksem<aFi


edaykarRtas;dwg Kb,IRCabdUcBN’namkenHCamun.

EtedayehtuedIm,IkarRtas;dwg Kb,IRCabfa sRmab;RBHmha

eBaFistVTaMgLay edaykMNt;y:agTab RtÚvsnSMeBaFismÖarGs;

evla 4 Gsegçyü kéRm 100>000 kb, . edaykMNt;y:agkNþal

RtÚvsnSMeBaFismÖarGs;evladl;eTA 8 Gsegçyü nig 100>000

kb, . edaykMNt;y:agx<s; RtÚvsnSMeBaFismÖarGs;evla 16

Gsegçyü nig 100>000 kb, . k¾esckþIepSgKñaTaMgenH Kb,IRCab

tamRbePTrbs;RBHeBaFistV EdlCabBaØaFik³ sT§aFik³ nigvIr iya-

Fik³ .

BitehIy RBHeBaFistVEdlCabBaØaFik³ rEmgmansT§aTn; Et

manbBaØacas;køa nigeRBaHehtuenaH )armIeTIbdl;nUvPaBbribUN’eday

minyUr eRBaHkarekøóvkøa nigPaBl¥itl¥n;rbs;GñkQøaskñúg])ay .

GñkEdlCasT§aFik³ rEmgmanbBaØaCakNþal eRBaHdUecñaH

)armIrbs;RBHeBaFistVEdlCasT§aFik³TaMgenaH eTIbdl;nUvPaBbri-

bUN’minrh½seBk nigminyWtyUreBk .


cMENkGñkEdlCavIr iyFik³ rEmgmanbBaØatic eRBaHdUecñaH

)armIrbs;RBHeBaFistVEdlCavIriyFik³TaMgenaH eTIbdl;nUvPaBbri-

bUN’ edaykalyWtyUrenaHÉg .

cMENkRBHbec©keBaFistVmindUecñaHeLIy elakTaMgenaHsUm,I

CaRbePTbBaØaFik³ k¾RtÚvsnSMeBaFismÖar Gs;evla 2 Gsegçyü

nig 100>000 kb, minticCagenaH . sUm,IelakCasT§aFik³ nig

vIr iyaFik³ rEmgseRmcbec©ksem<aFiBaØaN evlaEdlkMNt;Tuktic

tYc mindl;GsegçyüTI 3 eLIy .

sRmab;savkeBaFistV GñkbMeBjGPinIharedIm,ICaGKÁsavk

RtÚvsnSMsem<aFismÖar Gs;evla 1 Gsegçyü nig 100>000 .

cMeBaHsavkeBaFistVGñkbMeBjGPinihar edIm,ICamhasavk

RtÚvsnSMeBaFismÖar Gs;evla 100>000 kb,b:ueNÑaH . sUm,I

RBHBuT§mata RBHBuT§bita BuT§ úbdæak nigRBHBuT§Cienarsk¾dUcKña ¬KW

eRbIevlasnSMeBaFismÖar 100>000 kb,¦ . kñúgerOgenaH Kb,IRCab

vinicä ½ydUcteTAenH

-3 0- Gdækfa niTankfa

eRbóbdUckalRBHmhaeBaFistVTaMgLay EdltaMgbNiFan

edayrYbrYmFm’ 8 Rbkar EdleBalTuky:agenHfa

GPinIharrEmgseRmc)aneRBaHRbCu MénFm’ 8 Rbkar

KW PaBCamnusS 1 karsm,ÚredayePT 1 ehtu 1

karCYbRBHsasþa 1 karbBVC¢a 1 KuNsm,tþi 1

GFikar 1 PaBCaGñkmanqnÞ³ 1¬1¦ .

cab;epþImbMeBjmhaPinIhar xVl;xVayehIyCaerOy² kñúgTan

CaedImCaBiess fVaymhaTandUcTanrbs;RBH)aTevsSnþr ral;² éf¶

sUm,IsnSMnUv)armIFm’RKb;y:ag mansIlEdleRbóbesµInwgmhaTanenaH

CaedIm EdleQµaHfa karekIteLIgénRBHBuT§kñ úgcenøaH rEmgminman

eLIy eRBaHenAminTan;dl;kalkMNt;tamEdleBalehIy . eRBaH

ehtuGVI? eRBaHRBHjaNminTan;bribUN’ . GFib,ayfa RBHjaN

rbs;RBHBuT§ dl;nUvesckþIceRmIn lUtlas; FMTUlay eBjelj

1¦ semaFanFm’ 8 maneBalkñúgGdækfaeRcInkEnøg GFib,ayl¥itk¾man minGFib,ay k¾man EdlGFib,ayesckþIl¥it KYremIlkñúgGdækfasutþni)at brmtßeCatika nigGdækfa Catk .


rEmgdl;nUvPaBTMueCar dUcRsÚvEdl[plkñúgevlakMNt; y:agNa .

kalRBHbec©keBaFistV GñksnSMGPinIhar rYbrYmFm’ 5 Rbkar

TaMgenH KW

PaBCamnusS 1 karsm,ÚredayePT 1 kareXIj

elakGñkR)ascakGasv³ 1 GFikar 1 PaBCaGñk

manqnÞ 1 TaMgenH rYmCaehtuénGPinIhar .

k¾kalRBHeBaFistVEdlCasavk GñktaMgbNiFanTuk eday

GMNacénkarR)afñaRbkbedayGgÁ 2 KW GFikar 1 PaBCaGñkman

qnÞ³ 1 karseRmcbec©ksem<aFiBaØaN nigsavksem<aFiBaØaN kñúg

cenøaHenaH edayminTan;dl;evlakMNt; tamEdleBalehIykñúg

TIenaH² rEmgmin)an dUecñaH . eRBaHehtuGVI? eRBaHjaNenAminTan;

cas;køa .

GFib,ayfa bBaØa)armI EdlbMeBjbEnßmeday)armITaMgLay

manTan)armICaedIm rbs;RBHmhaeBaFistVTaMgLayenH rEmgtaMg

KP’dl;nUvPaBTu MeCar júaMgRBHBuT§BaØaN[bribUN’tamlMdab; y:ag


Na bBaØa)armIEdlbMeBjbEnßmeday)armITaMgLay manTan)armI

CaedIm ¬rbs;RBHbec©keBaFistV nigRBHsavkTaMgLay¦ k¾dUecñaHEdr

rEmgtaMgKP’ dl;nUvPaBcas;køa jaMgRBHbec©keBaFiBaØaN nigsa-

vkeBaFiBaØaNbribUN’tamsmKYredaylMdab; .

BitehIy edaykarsnSMTanTuk elakTaMgenHeTIbCaGñkman

citþminCab;CMBak;enAkñ úgkielsTaMgLay CaGñkmancitþminsmøwgrMéB

eRBaHmanGaRs½yminelµaPkñúgPBenaH² daykarsnSMsIlTuk eTIb

CaGñkmankay vaca nigkargarbrisuT§edayl¥ eRBaHmankay vaca

sRgÜml¥ehIy manGaCIvbrisuT§ manTVarEdlRKb;RKgehIykñúg\®nÞiy

TaMgLay CaGñkdwgRbmaNkñúgePaCn rEmgtaMgcitþmaMedayCaKri-

yanueyaK karRbkbesckþIBüayamrbs;elakTaMgenaH Kb,IRCab edayGMNacénbc©aKtikvtþ¬1¦ EdleFVITukehIy .

1¦ bc©aKtikvtþ CavtþKYrbdibtþiedIm,I[manstism,CBaØ³sBVevlaEdlcUleTAbiNÐ)at nigRtLb;dl;TIenAvij ebIcitþlHbg;eKalkmµdæan RtÚvRtLb;mkGFidæanBIcMNucepþIm ehIy edIreTACafµI kñúgGdækfasamBaØplsURt elIk]bmaRBHefr³bMeBjvtþenHTukehIy . ¬kñúg GdækfasuPUtiefrKafa kñúgBaküfa Ktbc©aKtvtþ mann½ydUcKñanwgBaküfa bc©aKtikvtþ¦ .


k¾smabtþi 8 GPiBaØa 5 GPiBaØa 6 nigbuBVPaKvibsSna Edl

CaGFidæanFm’ rEmgenAkñ úgkNþab;édrbs;elakGñkbdibtþ iehIydUecñH

)anedayminlM)akenaHÉg cMENkKuNFm’manesckþIBüayamCaedIm

k¾QmcuHkan;xagkñ úgénbuBVPaKvibsSnaenaHÉg .

k¾esckþIGt;Fn;d¾éRkElg kñúgkarbMeBjbuNümanTanCaedIm

edIm,Ibec©keBaFiBaØaN b¤savkeBaFiBaØaN eQµaHfa vIr iy³ . kar

Gt;Fn;cMeBaHesckþIeRkaF eQµaHfa xnþ i . kar[Tan karsmaTan

sIlCaedIm nigkarmineBal[eXøógXøat ¬cakesckþIBit¦ eQµaHfa

sc©³ . kartaMgcitþEdlminjab;j½r Edl[seRmcRbeyaCn_kñúg

TIsBVGenø IenaHÉg eQµaHfa GFidæan . karR)afñaRbeyaCn_kñ úgBYk

stV EdlCabTdæanénkarRbRBwtþeTAénTan nigsIlCaedIm eQµaHfa

emtþa . kardak;xøÜnCakNþalkñúgGakarepSg² EdlstVTaMgLayeFVI

eQµaHfa ]ebkça . dUecñaH kalTan sIl Pavna nigkalsIl

smaFi bBaØa manehIy )armITaMgLay manvIriy)armICaedIm rEmg

eQµaHfa seRmcehIyenaHÉg .


bdibTamanTanCaedIm edIm,IRbeyaCn_dl;bec©keBaFiBaØaNkþI

edIm,IRbeyaCn_dl;savkeBaFiBaØaNkþI enaHÉg eQµaHfa Pavna

eRBaHGb;rM KW Gb;rMsnþan rbs;RBHeBaFistVTaMgenaH .

eBaledayéRkElgCageTA bdibTaEdlTak;TgCamYysmf³

nigvibsSna EdlRbRBwtþeTAkñ úgsnþanmanTan nigsIltak;Etgl¥

ehIy Caehtu[RBHeBaFistVTaMgenaH bribUN’edayFm’CaTIekIteLIg

énkarbMeBjesckþIBüayamkñúgxagedIm . eRBaHehtuenaH eTIbRBH

manRBHPaKRtas;fa

mñalGannÞ GanisgS 5 RbkarTaMgenH rEmgmankñúg

karbMeBjBüayamxagedIm . 5 RbkarKWGVIxøH? mñal

GannÞ KW GñkbMeBjBüayamxagedImkñúgRBHFmµvin½y

enH rEmgseRmcRBHGrhtþplkñúgkarbc©úb,nñenHÉg

edayqab;rh½s 1 ebIminTan;)anseRmcGrhtþpl

kñúgbc©úb,nñedayrh½seT tmk kñúgmrNsm½y nwg

)anseRmcRBHGrhtþpl 1 b¤)anseRmcRBHGr-


htþplxN³CaeTvbutþehIy 1 b¤nwg)anCaGñkRtas;

dwgedayqab;rh½s kñúgTIcMeBaHRBHP®kþrbs;RBHBuT§

TaMgLay 1 b¤kñúgkalCaxageRkay nwg)anseRmc

CaRBHbec©kBuT§ 1 .

edayRbkardUcBN’namkenH RBHBuT§ RBHbec©kBuT§ nigsavk

rbs;RBHBuT§TaMgLay GñkmanGtþPaBEdlGb;rMehIy edaykarGb;rM

Fm’CaeRKÓg[dl;nUveRtIy EdlCavtþbdibtþ ixagedIm edaysmf-

Pavna nigvibsSnaPavna nigedaymKÁPavna eBalKW karRtas;dwg

EdlCanieraFKaminIbdibTa rEmg)aneQµaHfa manxø ÜnGb;rMehIy .

kñúgbuKÁlviessTaMgenaH kñ úgTIenHelaksMedAyksavkTaMg

Layrbs;RBHBuT§ .

k¾kñ úgKafaenH edaybTfa sIhanMv enH RBHFmµsgÁakacarü

sEmþgdl;RBHefr³TaMgLay Edlbdibkçrbs;xø ÜnRKbsgát;min)an

nigRBwti þkmµEdljaMjIsRtÚvTaMgenaH edaykarsEmþgnUvRBwtiþkmµEdl

eRbóbdUcCasIh³ .


eday)aTKafafa sIhanMv nTnþanM .eb. Kafa enH elak

sEmþgdl;RBHefr³TaMgLayenaH EdlsRtÚvTaMgLayjaMjImin)an

edaykartTl; nigRBwtiþkmµEdljaMjIsRtÚvTaMgenaH edaykarsEmþg

fa efrKafaTaMgLaydUcKñanwgsIhnaT .

edaybTfa PavittþanM enH elaksEmþgdl;ehtuénkarbnø W

sIhnafrbs;RBHefr³TaMgLayenaH . kñúgKafaenH RBHefr³TaMgLay

elakehAfa dUcKñanwgsIh³ eRBaHmanxøÜnGb;rMehIy nigKafarbs;

RBHefr³TaMgenaH elakehAfa dUcKñanwgkarbnøWsIhnaTrbs;sIh³ .

edaybTfa GtßÚbnayika ¬beg¥ancUleTAkan;RbeyaCn_¦ enH

elaksEmþgdl;RbeyaCn_kñúgkarjaMjI . kñúgbNþaGkuslFm’TaMg

enaH sgáielsFm’ eQµaHfa Cabdibkçrbs;RBHefr³TaMgLay . smuecäTb,han RBmedaytTgÁb,ahan nigvikçmÖnb,han manehIy

k¾CakarseRmscCabdibsST§ib,han nignisSrNb,han tamEdl

elakehAfa RBHefr³TaMgenaHmanxøÜnEdlGb;r MehIy .

elakeBalGFib,ayesckþITukdUecñH k¾kñúgmKÁxN³ RBHGriy³


TaMgLay eQµaHfa rEmgceRmInGb,maTPavna epþ ImGMBIxN³pld¾

RbesIr ¬Grhtþpl¦ eTA eQµaHfa GñkmanxøÜnEdlGb;r MehIy .

kñúgbNþabhan³TaMgenaH elaksEmþgkarbribUN’edaysIl

rbs;RBHefr³TaMgenaH edaytTgÁb,han/ sEmþgPaBbribUN’eday

smaFi edayvikçmÖnb,han/ sEmþgPaBbribUN’edaybBaØa eday

smuecäTb,han/ sEmþgplrbs;sm,TaTaMgenaH edaybhan³eRkA

GMBIenH .

mYyeTot elaksEmþgvtþbdibtþ irbs;RBHefr³TaMgenaH lm¥

kñúgcMENkxagedImedaysIl . nigsEmþgfa sIlCakargarkñúgxag

edIménkarbdibtþiedayRBH)alIfa {k¾GVI CaxagedIménkuslTaMgLay

)andl; sIlEdlbrisuT§l¥ehIy} xøH fa {nr³taMgenAehIykñúgsIl}

xøH fa {karmineFVI)abTaMgBYg} xøH eRBaHnaMmknUvKuN mankarminekþA

RkhayCaedIm .

elaksEmþgkarlm¥kñúgkNþaledaysmaFi . smaFiCalm¥

Rtg;kNþalénkarbdibtþi edayRBH)alIfa {Gb;rMcitþ ¬nigbBaØa¦ [


ceRmInehIy} xøH {karjúaMgkuslFm’[dl;RBm} xøH eRBaHnaMmk

nUvKuNd¾éRkElg man\T§iviF³CaedIm .

sEmþglm¥kñ úgTIbMputedaybBaØa . bBaØaEdlCaTIbMputénkar

bdibtþi edayRBH)alIfa {kareFVIcitþrbs;xøÜn[pUrpg;} xøH {¬Gb;rMcitþ¦

nigbBaØa} xøH bBaØaenaHÉg eQµaHfa s¥at edayehtuEdlbBaØa

RbesIrCagkuslFm’TaMgLay eRBaHnaMmknUvPaBnwgFwgkñúg\dæarmµN_

nigGnidæarmµN_TaMgLay . smdUcEdlRtas;Tukfa

bNÐitTaMgLay rEmgminjab;j½rkñúgninÞa nig

sresIrTaMgLay dUcPñMfµtan; minjab;j½redayxül;

dUecñaH .

mü:ageTot elaksEmþgPaBCaGñkmanviC¢a 3 edaysIlsm,Ta

eRBaHnwgseRmcviC¢a 3 )an RtÚvGaRs½ysIlsm,tþi . sEmþgPaB

CaGñkmanGPiBaØa 6 edaysmaFism,Ta eRBaHnwgseRmcGPiBaØa 6

)anRtÚvGaRs½ysmaFism,tþi . sEmþgPaBCamanbdismÖiTa eday

bBaØasm,Ta eRBaHnwgseRmcbdismÖiTa 4 )an RtÚvGaRs½ybBaØa-


sm,tþi . edaybTfa beg¥ancUleTAkan;RbeyaCn_ enH Kb,IRCab

fa elaksEmþgesckþIenHTukfa bNþaRBHefr³TaMgenaH elakxøHk¾

)anviC¢a 3 elakxøHk¾)anGPiBaØa 6 elakxøHk¾seRmcbdismÖiTa 4 .

mü:ageTot elaksEmþgkarevorcakTIbMput eBalKW kamsux-

løikanueyaKrbs;RBHefr³TaMgenaH edaysIlsm,Ta . sEmþgkar

evorcakTIbMput eBalKW GtþkilmfanueyaK edaysmaFism,Ta .

sEmþgkaresB ¬bdibtþ i¦ mCÄimabdibTa edaybBaØasm,Ta .

mü:ageTot Kb,IRCabfa elaksEmþgkarlH edaykarQan

knøgkielsTaMgLayrbs;RBHefr³TaMgenaH edaysIlsm,Ta .

sEmþgkarlHkarrYbrwtrbs;kielsTaMgLay edaysmaFism,Ta .

sEmþgkarlHGnus½yrbs;RBHefr³TaMgLay edaybBaØasm,Ta .

mü:ageTot sEmþgkarCRmHsgáiels KW Tuc©rit edaysIlsm,Ta .

sEmþgkarCRmHsgáiels KW tNða edaysmaFism,Ta . sEmþg

karCRmHsgáiels KW Tidæ i edaybBaØasm,Ta .

mü:ageTot sEmþgkarQanknøgG)ayrbs;RBHefr³TaMgenaH


edaytTgÁb,han . sEmþgkarQanknøgkamFatu edayvikçmÖnb,-

han . sEmþgkarQanknøgPBTaMgBYg edaysmuecäTb,han .

mü:ageTot kñúgbTfa PavittþanM ¬manxøÜnGb;rMehIy¦ enH Kb,I

RCabfa )andl; Pavna 3 KW sIlPavna citþPavna bBaØaPavna

eRBaHkayPavna QancuHkan;xagkñ úgénPavna 3 enaH .

bTfa sIlPavna c bdibtþiya CaedIm TaMgGs; dUcKñanwg

BaküEdleBalmunehIy . k¾BYkRmwKdéT rEmgGt;Fn;cMeBaHkarbnøW

rbs;raCsIh_min)an TINanwgGt;Fn;kñ úgkarRKbsgát; nigkarKMram

)an RtwmEtkarbnø Wrbs;raCsIh_ k¾karKMramBYkstVRmwKTaMgenaH)an

edaysBVRKb; y:agNa vaT³rbs;Gnütirß Iy_TaMgLay k¾dUecñaHdUcKña

rEmgts‘UnwgvaT³rbs;RBHefr³TaMgLaymin)an dUcemþcnwgRKbsgát;

)an EdlBit vaT³rbs;RBHefr³enaHÉg rEmgRKbsgát;vaT³rbs;BYk

tiri ßyTaMgenaH . esckþIenaH eRBaHehtuGV I? eRBaHefrvaTRbRBwtþeTA

taméRtlkçN_ nigeKalFm’fa {sgçarTaMgLayTaMgBYgmineTog sgçar

TaMgLayTaMgBYgCaTukç Fm’TaMgBYgCaGntþa} xøH fa {niBVanFatu} xøH .


eRBaHedayFmµtaehIy nrNa² minGacnwgpøas;bþÚr[eTACay:agdéT

)an . k¾BaküNaEdlnwgKb,IeBalkñúgesckþIenH BaküenaHnwgman

Cak;c,as;xagmux . kñúgTIenH Kb,IRCabkarbriyayGtßénKafadMbUg

edaysegçbb: ueNÑHsin .

cMENkkñúgKafaTI 2 Kb,IRCabkarGFib,ayGtß edaybMNg

sEmþgdl;BaküEdlCab;Tak;TgdUcteTAenH . GñkR)afñanwgsURtKafa

rbs;RBHefr³GgÁNa kñúgbNþaRBHefr³TaMgenaH edIm,InwgR)arB§RBH

efr³TaMgenaH edayeQµaH edayeKaRt nigedayKuNFm’ edayeBal

CaTUeTA elakeTIbeBalBakümanCaGaTifa yfanama ¬maneQµaH¦

dUecñH . EtEdlminTUeTA nwgGFib,aykñúgKafaenaH² edaycMeBaH .

bNþaBaküTaMgenaH Baküfa yfanama ¬maneQµaH¦ esckþIfa

maneQµaHy:agNa GFib,ayfa R)akdedayeQµaH edayesckþIfa

suPUti mhaekadæ ik³ CaedIm .

bTfa yfaeKatþa ¬maneKaRt¦ esckþIfa maneKaRty:agNa

GFib,ayfa EdlsÁal;edaykMeNIt edaykMNt;RtkUl edayn½y


fa eKatmeKaRt ksSbeKaRt CaedIm .

bTfa yfaFmµvihariena ¬manFm’CaeRKÓgenA¦ esckþIfa man

RbRktIenAedayFm’Na GFib,ayfa mintaMgenAkñúgPaBCaGñkéRkElg

edaybriytþi ¬mindak;citþkñ úgKnßFur³¦ EtmanRbRktIenAedaysmabtþi

tamsmKYr ¬dak;citþkñ úgvibsSnaFur³¦ .

mü:ageTot bTfa yfaFmµvihariena ¬manFm’CaeRKÓgenA¦ KW

GñkmanRbRktIenAtamFmµta nigkñúgbNþaTiBVviharFm’CaedIm enAerOy²

tamFm’mansIlCaedImy:agNa KW enACamYyFm’RbePTNa .

bTfa yfaFimutþa ¬mancitþbeg¥aneTAkñúgFm’EdlR)akdehIy¦

esckþIfa manGFimutþi ¬karbeg¥aneTA¦ y:agNa KW kñúgbNþasT§a-

Fimutþi nigbBaØaFimutþi TaMg 2 manGFimutþiy:agNa . mü:ageTot eQµaH

fa yfaFimutþa eRBaHbeg¥aneTAkan;RBHniBVanedayRbkarNa² kñúg

matikaTaMgLay mansuBaØtaCaedIm . smdUcRBHmanRBHPaKRtas;

Tukfa {Gasv³rbs;elakEdlmancitþbeg¥aneTAkan;RBHniBVan rEmg

dl;nUvkarrlt;sUnü} . k¾bTTaMg 2 enH Kb,IRCabedayGMNac


énFm’EdlCabuBVPaK . eRBaHfa karbeg¥aneTAtamEdleBalehIy

nwgmankñúgxN³mun)anseRmcGrhtþb:ueNÑaH teTAk¾minman . eRBaH

ehtuenaH RBHmanRBHPaKeTIbRtas;BakümanCaGaTifa

nr³NaCaminmansT§a CaCnGktBaØ Ú nigkat;TI>t CaedIm .

)az³fa yfavimutþa k¾man . mann½yfa rYcputehIyeday

RbkarNa² kñúgbNþabBaØavimutþ i nig]PetaPaKvimutþ i .

bTfa sb,BaØa ¬manbBaØa¦ esckþIfa manbBaØa edaybBaØaTaMg

3 y:ag KW tiehtukb,disn§ibBaØa ¬bBaØaEdlRbkbedayéRtehtu¦ 1

)ariharikb,bBaØa ¬bBaØasRmab;rkSaxøÜn¦ 1 PavnabBaØa ¬bBaØaEdl

ekItGMBIkarPavna¦ 1 .

bTfa vihrwsu ¬enA¦ esckþIfa enAehIy edaypasuviharFm’

tamEdl)anehIyenaHÉg eRBaHPaBCaGñkmanbBaØaenaHÉg .

bTfa GtnÞita ¬minx¢ ilRcGUs¦ )andl; minx¢ilRcGUs .

GFib,ayfa mankarBüayamkñúgvtþbdibtþiEdlCaRbeyaCn_xø Ün nig

kñúgvtþbdibtþiEdlCaRbeyaCn_GñkdéTtamkmøaMg . k¾kñúgKafaenH elak


sEmþgdl;RBHefr³TaMgenaH R)akdehIyedaykarRbkas edaysBÞ

fa nameKatþ ¬eQµaH/ eKaRt¦ . sEmþgsIlsm,Ta nigsmaFi-

sm,Ta edaysBÞfa Fmµvihar ¬Fm’EdlCaeRKÓgenA¦ . sEmþgbBaØa-

sm,Ta edaybTfa yfaFimutþa sb,bBaØa ¬mancitþbeg¥aneTA/

manbBaØa¦ . sEmþgvIriysm,Ta EdlCaehtuénsIlsm,TaCaedIm

edaybTfa GtnÞita ¬minx¢ilRcGUs¦ . sEmþgdl;RBHefr³TaMgenaH

maneQµaHedaykarRbkas edaybTfa yfanama . sEmþgdl;

karRbCuMénsm,tþi KW BBYkRBHGriybuKÁlEdlCasT§anusarI nigFmµa-

nusarI edaybTfa yfaeKatþa . sEmþgkarRbkbedaysm,tþi KW

sIl smaFi bBaØa vimutþ i nigvimutþ iBaØaNTsSn³ edaybTmanCaedIm

fa yfaFmµvihariena . sEmþgdl;karbMeBjRbeyaCn_cMeBaHGñkdéT

rbs;GñkEdltaMgenAkñúgGtþhitsm,tþiy:agenaH edaybTfa GtnÞita

enH .

mü:ageTot bTfa yfanama enH sEmþgdl;eQµaHEdl ¬RKÚ

dMbUg KW¦ matabitataMg[RBHefr³TaMgenaH eRBaHkMNt;RtwmEteQµaH .


bTfa yfaeKatþa enH sEmþgdl;PaBCabutþmanRtkUl eRBaHkMNt;

cMeBaHRtkUl . edaybTfa yfaeKatþa enaH sEmþgdl;RBHefr³

TaMgenaHbYsedaysT§a . bTfa yfaFmµvihariena enH sEmþgdl;

crNsm,tþi eRBaHsEmþgdl;esckþIRBmeRBógedayKuNmansIl-

sMvr³CaedIm . bTfa yfaFimutþa sb,bBaØa enH sEmþgdl;viC¢a

sm,tþirbs;RBHefr³TaMgenaH eRBaHsEmþgbBa¢ak;dl;karseRmceday

jaNsm,tþi EdlCaTIbMputénkarGs;eTAGasv³ . bTfa GtnÞita

enH sEmþgdl;])ayCaeRKÓgseRmcviC¢asm,tþ i nigcrNsm,tþi .

mü:ageTot edaybTfa yfanama enH elaksEmþgehtuRtwm

EtkarRbkaseQµaHrbs;RBHefr³TaMgenaH . cMENkedaybTfa y-

faeKatþa enH elaksEmþgdl;sm,tþi KW cRk 2 xageRkay . eRBaH

karRbCuMéneKatþsm,tþirbs;RBHGriybuKÁlEdlCasT§anusarI nigFmµa-

nusarI Gñkmin)antaMgxøÜnTukedayRbéB nigmin)aneFVIbuNüTukkñúgkal

mun nwgmanmin)aneLIy .

edaybTfa yfaFmµvihariena enH sEmþgdl;sm,tþ i KW cRk


2 xagedIm rbs;RBHefr³TaMgenaH eRBaHkalenAkñ úgRbeTsEdlmin

smKYrkþ I evorcakkaresBKb;CamYysb,úrskþI KuNviessTaMgenaH

nwgminmaneLIy . edaybTfa yfaFimutþa enH sEmþgdl;karRbkb

edaysm,tþi KW karsþab;RBHsT§mµ eRBaHevorcakkarRbkasrbs;Gñk

déT ¬karsþab;RBHsT§mµ¦ ecjehIy karcak;FøúHsc©Fm’rbs;RBHsavk

TaMgLay nwgminmaneLIy . edaybTfa sb,BaØa GtnÞita enH

sEmþgdl;ehtuénkarRbRBwtþy:agxµ IXµat edIm,IKuNviesstamEdl

eBalehIy eRBaHsEmþgdl;karepþ ImCaxagedImrbs;ejyüFm’ .

mü:ageTot kñúgbTfa yfaeKatþa enH elaksEmþgdl;kardl;

RBmedayeyaniesamnsikar rbs;RBHefr³TaMgenaH edaykarkMNt;

dl;eKaRt eRBaHGñksm,ÚredayeKaRttamEdleBalehIy eTIbnwg

ekIteyaniesamnsikar .

edaysBÞfa Fmµvihar kñúgbTfa yfaFmµvihariena enH elak

sEmþgkardl;RBmedaykarsþab;RBHsT§mµ eRBaHevorcakkarsþab;Fm’

ecjehIy nwgminmanFm’CaeRKÓgenAenaHeLIy . edaybTfa y-


faFimutþa enH sEmþgdl;karbdibtþ iFm’smKYrdl;Fm’rhUtTIbMput .

edaybTfa sb,BaØa enH sMEdgdl;PaBCaGñkmansm,CBa¢³kñúgTI

TaMgBYg . edaybTfa GtnÞita enH sEmþgdl;GñkEdlbMeBjGtþ-

hitsm,tþi[bribUN’ tamn½yEdleBalehIy sßitenA nwgCaGñk

minlM)akkñ úgkarbdibtþi edIm,IRbeyaCn_suxdl;GñkdéT .

mü:ageTot edaybTfa yfaeKatþa enH sEmþgdl;esckþI

sm,ÚredaysrNKmn_rbs;RBHefr³TaMgenaH eRBaHkMNt;dl;BYkRBH

Griy³ EdlCasT§anusarI . edaybTfa yfaFmµv ihariena enH

sEmþgsmaFixn§ EdlCaRbFanrbs;sIlkçn§ .

k¾KuNrbs;RBHsavkTaMgLay mansrNKmn_CaxagedIm man

smaFiCakNþal manbBaØaCaTIbMput eRBaHdUecñaH KuNrbs;RBHsavk

sUm,ITaMgGs; eTIbCakarEdlelaksEmþgehIy edaykarsEmþgKuN

kñúgxagedIm kNþal nigTIbMput .

k¾sm,tþiénKuNdUecñH EdlRBHefr³TaMgenaHseRmcehIy eday

smµabdibtþiNa edIm,InwgsEmþgsmµabdibtþienaH elakeTIbeBalBakü


manCaGaTifa ttß ttß vibsSitVa ¬kñúgesnasn³>>> enaH² )aneXIj

Fm’c,as;¦ .

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nigPñMCaedImenaH²¦ )andl; kñúgesnasn³d¾s¶at;ehIy manéRB Kl;

eQI nigPñMCaedImenaH² ¬Bakü ttß ttß = etsu etsu¦ . mü:ageTot

bTfa ttß ttß )andl; kñúgevlaEdlelak]Tan CaedImenaH² .

bTfa vibsSitVa ¬)aneXIjFm’c,as;¦ )andl; eXIjc,as;

ehIy . KW júaMgTidæ ivisuT§i nigkgçavitrNvisuT§ i EdlkMNt;namrUb

nigkMNt;bc© ½y [dl;RBm seRmcvisuT§i 5 tamlMdab;énkarBica-

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CaFmµta nigGñkEdlseRmcRBHniBVanehIy minmanehtueFVI[cuti .

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nigeRBaHCaEdnEdlbuKÁlmanbMNgeTAkan;RBHniBVanenaH Kb,IdMeNIr

eTA .

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kic©EdlxøÜneFV IeRscehIy GFib,ayfa GriymKÁEdlRBHeyaKavcr

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eQµaHfa RBHniBVan eRBaHCaEdnrlas;ecjcaknUvsgçtFm’enaH .

dl;TIbMputénkic©EdlxøÜneFV IeRscehIyenaHÉg .

bTfa bc©evkçnþa ¬kalBicarNaeXIj¦ esckþIfa BicarNa

eXIjGriypl nigniBVan KW vtþbdibtþ iedayvimutþ iBa ØaNTsSn³fa

{GriyplenH EdleyIgseRmcehIyhñ+ edaykarseRmcGriymKÁ


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Ég .

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kudIka CaedIm .

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cgCaKafa . )anesckþIfa elakTaMgLaycUrsþab;KafaTaMgLay

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TaMgenaHÉgCaTImk fa maneKalBitR)akd .

cb;Gdækfa niTanKafa 3

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GPasitßati .

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skáar³enH Edl´RBHGgÁkan;q½RtpáaTukGs; 7 éf¶ eFV IehIy eday

GFikarenaH ´RBHGgÁminR)afñasm,tþ idéT Etkñ úgGnaKtkal sUm[

´RBHGgÁKb,I)anCasavkGñkRbkbedayGgÁ 2 dUcRBHefr³enH kñ úg

sasnarbs;RBHBuT§GgÁNamYycuH . RBHsasþaRTg;bBa¢ ÚnGnaKtM-

sBaØaNeTA RbemIlemIlfa esckþIR)afñarbs;tabsenH nwgseRmc

b¤minseRmchñ+ RTg;RtÜtemIlehIy RTg;eXIjesckþIR)afñarbs;tabs


nwgseRmckñúgkalknøgeTA 100>000 kb, eTIbRtas;nwgnnÞtabs

fa esckþIR)afñarbs;GñknwgminCaemaX³ kñúgGnaKtkalknøgeTA

100>000 kb, RBHBuT§RBHnamfaeKatm esþcnwg]b,tþieLIg esckþI

R)afñarbs;GñknwgseRmc kñúgsmñak;rbs;RBHBuT§RBHnamfa eKatmenaH

Rtas;FmµkfaehIy manPikç úsgÇEhhm ehaHeLIgkan;Gakas .

nnÞtabs)anQrpÁgGBa¢lI ]TÞiseq<aHRBHsasþa nigPikçúsgÇ

rhUtputRkEsEPñk . kñúgevlatmk elakcUreTAKal;RBHsasþa

sþab;Fm’tamkalevla . manQanminsabsUnü eFV Ikal³ehIy

eTAekItkñúgRBhµelak . nigcuticakRBhµelakenaHehIy bYsenAkñúg

éRBeTot 500 Cati . sUm,Ikñúgsasþarbs;RBHsmµasm<úT§ RBHnamfa

ksSb³ k¾)anbYsenAéRBCavtþ bMeBjnUvKtbc©aKtvtþ[bribUN’ .

)anB¤fa GñkEdlmin)anbMeBjvtþenH eQµaHfa nwgseRmcdl;PaB

CaRBHmhasavkmin)aneLIy . k¾Ktbc©aKtvtþ Kb,IRCabtamn½y

EdleBalkñúgGdækfaRBHsURtTaMgLayehIy elakbMeBjKtbc©a-

Ktvtþ rhUtGs; 120 qñaM eFVIkal³ehIy eTAekItkñúgPBtavtwgS kñúg


eTvelakCan;kamavcr .

smdUcKafaB½n§EdlelakeBalTukkñ úgGbTanfa¬1¦

kñúgTIminq¶ayGMBIPñMhimBanþ manPñMeQµaHnisP³

eK)ansagGaRsmTukRtg;PñMnisP³enaHy:ags¥at )an

sagbNÑsalaTuk .

kñúgRKaenaH eyIgCaCdil mannamfaekasiy³

manetCHrugerOg mñak;Ég minmanmitþsMLaj; enARtg;

PñMeQµaH nisP³ .

evlaenaH eyIgminbriePaKEpøeQI emImeQI

nigsøwkeQI kñúgRKaenaH eyIgGaRs½ysøwkeQICaedIm

EdlekItÉg nigRCúHÉgciBa© wmCIv it .

eyIgrEmgminjúa MgGaCIv³[keRmIk sUm,Inwg

lHbg;CIv it rEmgjúa Mgcitþrbs;xø Ün[eRtkGr evor

Gensna ¬karEsVgrkEdlminKYr¦ .

citþsm,yutþedayraK³ ekIteLIgehIydl;eyIg

1¦ GbTan ¬bidkelx 72 TMB½r 151¦ Ca RBHsuPUtiefr³ dUcKña .


kalNa kalenaHeyIgR)ab;xø ÜnÉgfa eyIgmancitþ

køahanTUn µancitþenaH .

elakkMNt;kñúgGarmµN_CaTItaMgénesckþIeBj

citþ Tas;citþkñ úgGarmµN_CaTItaMgénkarRbTUsþ nig

vegVgkñ úgGarmµN_CaTItaMgénesckþIvegVg cUrecjeTA

GMBIéRB .

lMenAenHCarbs;elakGñkbrisuT§ minmanmnÞil

mantb³ elakkuMRbTUsr:ayGñkbrisuT§eLIy cUrecj

eTAGMBIéRBcuH .

elakCam©as;rbs;pÞH )anvtßúEdlKYr)ankal

Na elakkuMeRtkGrsUm,ITa Mg 2 y:agenaHeLIy

cUrecjeTAGMBIéRBcuH .

eRbóbdUc]sdutsB eRbIeFV Ik ic©GV I² TINa²

min)an eQIenaHeKmin)ansnµtfa CaeQIkñ úgRsúk

b¤kñ úgéRB y:agNa .


elakk¾eRbóbdUcCa]sdutsB dUecñaH nwgCa

RKhsßk¾minEmn nwgCasmN³k¾minEmn éf¶enH

elakputcakePTTaMg 2 cUrecjeTAGMBIéRBcuH .

esckþIenHKb,Idl;elakb¤hñ+ nrNanwgdwg

esckþIenHrbs;elak nrNanwgnaMFur³rbs;elakeTA

)anedayrh½s eRBaHelakeRcIneTAedayesckþIx¢ il

RcGUs .

viBaØ ÚCnnwgex<Imelak dUcGñkRkúgex<Imrbs;min

s¥atdUecñaH \sITaMgLaynwgekaHehAelakmkeBal

rkRKb;kal .

viBaØ ÚCnnwgRbkaselakfa mansasnaEdl

elakQanknøgehIy k¾kalmin)ankarenArYm elak

nwgrs;enAy:agNa)an .

dMrImankmøaMg cUleTArkdMrIkuBa¢rRtkUlmatgÁ³

cuHeRbg 3 kEnøg manGayu 60 fykmøa MgehIy


cuHeRbgecjGMBIhVÚg .

dMrIRtÚvbeNþjecjGMBIhVÚgehIy rEmgmin)an

esckþIsuxRsÜl CastVmanTukç esakesA sBa¢b;-

sBa¢wg jab;j½ry:agNa

CdilTaMgLay k¾nwgbeNþjelakEdlman

bBaØaefakfy elakRtÚvCdilTaMgenaHbeNþjehIy

nwgmin)anesckþIRsÜl dUecñaH .

elakeBjeRBóbehIy edaykUnsr KW esckþI

esak TaMgkNþaléf¶ nigkNþalyb; nwgRtÚvesckþI

ekþARkhayduteral dUcdMrIRtÚvbeNþjecjcakhVÚg

dUecñaH .

masbømrEmgeRbIkñúgTINa² min)an y:agNa

elakkvinascaksIlehIy k¾eRbIkñúgTINa² min)an

dUecñaH .

sUm,IelakenARKb;RKgpÞH k¾nwgrs;enA)andUc


emþc RTBüEdlCarbs;matabita EdlrkSaTukrbs;

elak k¾minmaneLIy .

elakRtÚveFV IkargarÉg júa MgejIs[hUrdUc

Twk nwgmanCIvItrs;enAkñúgpÞHy:agenH elakmineBj

citþkmµl¥edayxøÜnÉg .

eyIghamcitþ EdlesAhµg edaysgáiels

y:agenH kñúgTIenaH eyIgeBalFmµkfaeRcInRbePT

hamcitþcak)abFm’ .

kaleyIgmanRbRktIenA edaykarminRbmaT

y:agnH evla 3 mWunqña Mknøg eyIgGñkenAkñ úgéRBFM

eTAehIy .

RBHsmµasm<úT§RBHnamfa bTumutþr³ RTg;eXIj

eyIgGñkeRtkGrehIykñúgesckþIminRbmaT GñkEsVg

rkRbeyaCn_d¾]tþm eTIbesþcyagmkkan;smñak;rbs;

eyIg .


RBHBuT§RTg;manRBHrsµI dUcBN’masCm<Ún uT³

RbmaNmin)an minmannrNaeRbób minmannrNa

esµIedayRBHrUbeqam esþcc®gámenAkñ úgGakas kñúg

evlaenaH .

RBHBuT§RTg;minmannrNaesµI edayRBHjaN

esþcc®gámenAkñúgGakas kñúgevlaenaH dUcesþcraMg

manpáarIksÁúHsÁay dUcepøkbenÞar kñúgcenøaHBBk .

RBHGgÁesþcc®gámenAelIGakas kñúgevlaenaH

dUcesþcraCsIh_minxøacERkgnrNa dUcesþcdMrIx ø Ün

RTng; dUcesþcxøaFMminP½yxøac .

RBHBuT§RTg;manRBHrsµIdUcmaseqþar dUcduMregIk

ePøIg]sKKIr manRBHrsµIrugerOgdUcdYgEkvmNI esþc

c®gámehIykñúgGakas kñúgevlaenaH .

RBHBuT§manRBHrsµIeRbóbdUcPñMéklas Edl

brisuT§ esþcc®gámehIykñúgGakas kñúgevlaenaH


dUcRBHcnÞeBjvg; dUcRBHGaTitükñ úgevlaéf¶Rtg; .

eyIg)aneXIjRBHGgÁc®gámehIy kñúgGakas

eTIbKity:agenHfa GñkenHCaeTvta b¤CamnusShñ+

nr³dUecñH eyIgminFøab;)ansþab; b¤)anCYbkñ úgEpndI

bTmnþ ¬EdlR)ab;lkçN³¦ Kg;manxøH GñkenHnwg

CaRBHsasþa .

luHeyIgKity:agenHehIy )anjúa Mgcitþrbs;

xøÜn[RCHføa eyIgRbmUlpáaeQI nigeRKÓgRkGUbepSg²

Tukkñ úgevlaenaH .

)anRkalGasn³páaeQIEdlviciRtl¥ CaTIrIk

raycitþ ehIy)anRkabTUlBaküenHcMeBaHRBHBuT§RTg;

RbesIrCagnrCn RTg;CasarfIfa

bBiRtRBHvIr³ Gasn³d¾smKYrdl;RBHGgÁenH

´RBHGgÁRkalfVayehIy sUmRTg;eR)asjúaMgcitþrbs;

´RBHGgÁ[rIkray Rbfab;Kg;elIGasn³páacuH .


RBHmanRBHPaKsm<úT § RTg;minjab;j½r dUc

esþcéRksr Rbfab;Kg;elIGasn³páa d¾RbesIrenaH

Gs;evla 7 yb; 7 éf¶

eyIg)anQrnmsáarRBHGgÁGs; 7 yb; 7

éf¶ RBHsasþaRTg;kMBUlkñúgelak esþcecjcak

smaFiehIy kalRTg;BüakrN_kmµrbs;eyIg )an

Rtas;RBHtRmas;dUecñHfa

bNþaPavnaTaMgLay GñkcUrceRmInBuT§anusSti

d¾]tþm kalceRmInBuT§anusStienHehIy nwgeFVIc itþ

[bribUN’)an .

GñknwgrIkraykñúgeTvelakGs; 30>000 kb,

nwg)anCaesþceTvtaesayeTvsm,tþidl;eTA 80 dg

nwg)anCaesþccRkBtþik ñ úgEdn 1>000 dg .

nwg)anCaesþcEpndId¾FMTUlay rab;kalmin

Gs; nwg)anesaysm,tþienaHTaMgGs; enHCaplén


karceRmInBuT §an usSti .

kalGenÞalkñúgPBtUcFM nwg)anePaKsm,tþi

d¾eRcIn nwgminmankarxVHxatedayePaK³ enHCapl

én ¬karceRmIn¦ BuT§anusSti .

kñúgkb,TI 100>000 kb, ¬GMBIkb,enH¦ RBH

sasþaRBHnamfa eKatm edayRBHeKaRt EdlRTg;

sm<Bkñ úgvgSrbs;RBH)aT»kkakraC esþcnwg]b,tþ i

eLIgkñ úgelak .

GñknwglHbg;RTBü 80 ekadi TaMgTas³ nig

kmµkrd¾eRcIn bYskñúgsasnarbs;RBHmanRBHPaKRBH

namfa eKatm .

nwgjúaMgRBHsmµasm<úT§RBHnamfa eKatmskü-

butþ Gñkd¾RbesIr[RTg;eRtkGr nwg)anCasavkman

namfa suPUti rbs;RBHsasþa .

RBHsasþaRBHnamfaeKatm Rbfab;Kg;kNþal


Pikç úsgÇ RTg;nwgEtgtaMgGñkfa CakMBUlkñúgtMENg

2 KW kñ úgPaBCaRBHTkç ieNyübuKÁlGñkmanKuN 1

kñúgPaBCaGñkmanFm’CaeRKÓgenA edayminmansRtÚv

1 .

RBHsmµasm<úT§RBHnamfa bTumutþr³ kalRtas;

dUecñHehIy esþcehaHeLIgkan;Gakas dUcCaesþc

hgS ehaHeTAkñ úgGm<r .

eyIgEdlRBHelaknafTUnµanehIy fVaybgÁM

RBHtfaKt mancitþrIkray ceRmInBuT§anusStid¾]tþm

sBVkal .

eRBaHkmµEdleyIgeFV Il¥Tukl¥ehIyenaH nig

edayectnaEdltaMgs‘b; eyIglHbg;ragkaymnusS

ehIy )aneTAkan;PBtavtigS )anCaesþcéneTvta

esayTiBVsm,tþ i 80 dg nig)anCaesþccRkBtþi

1>000 dg .

-72- brmtßTIbnI Gdækfa xuTÞkn ikay efrKafa

)anCaesþcEpndId¾FMTUlay rab;dgminGs; )an

esaysm,tþid ¾l¥ enHCaplén ¬karceRmIn¦ BuT§a-

nusSti .

kñúgkb,TI 100>000 GMBIkb,enH eyIg)aneFVI

kmµNaTukkñ úgRKaenaH edayplénkmµenaH eyIg

minEdlsÁal;TuKÁtieLIy enHCaplén ¬karceRmIn¦

BuT§anusSti .

KuNviessTaMgenH KW bdismÖiTa 4 viemakç

8 nigGPiBaØa 6 eyIgeFVI[Cak;c,as;ehIy Bakü

TUnµanrbs;RBHBuT§ eyIgeFV IeRscehIy .

RCabfa RBHsuPUtietßr )aneBalKafaTaMgenHedayRbkardUecñH .

k¾nnÞtabsenaH esayTiBVsm,tþi edayGMNacénkarekItrlt;

tKñaeTAmk kñúgtavtigSBiPB cuticakPBtavtigSenaHehIy k¾)anCa

esþccRkBtþi nigCaesþcEpndIkñúgmnusSelak cMnYn 1>000 dg

esaymnusSsm,tþid¾»Lar tmk kñúgRBHsasnarbs;RBHmanRBHPaK


éneyIgTaMgLay ekItCab¥ ÚnRbúsrbs;GnafbiNÐikesdæI kñúgpÞHrbs;

sumnesdæInakñ úgRkúgsavtß I )annamfa suPUti .

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eLIgehIykñúgelak RTg;RbkasRBHFmµcká esþcyageTARkúgraCRKwH

edaylMdab; RTg;eFV IkarGnueRKaHstVelak edaykarTTYlRBHvihar

evLúv½nCaedIm kñ úgRkúgraCRKwHenaH GaRs½yRkúgraCRKwH RTg;Rbfab;

enAkñúgéRBsItv½n . RKaenaH GnafbiNÐikesdæInaMrbs;rbrEdlekIt

GMBIplitplkñúgRkúgsavtß I eTAkan;pÞHrbs;raCKhesdæICasMLaj;

rbs;xøÜn sþab;dMNwgkarekIteLIgénRBHBuT§ eTIbcUleTAKal;RBHsasþa

EdlRbfab;kñúgéRBsItv½n taMgenAkñúgesatabtþipl kñúgkarcUlKal;

RKadMbUgenaHÉg ehIyTUlsUm[RBHsasþaesþcmkRkúgsavtß IeTot

[sagRBHviharRKb;² 1 eyaCn_ kñúgry³pøÚv 45 eyaCn_ GMBIRkúg

savtß IenaH edaybric©aKRTBümYykEnøg² 100>000 ehIyTijsYn

rbs;RBHraCkumar RTg;RBHnamfa eCt³ RbmaN 8 krIs tammaRta

høÜg edaykareRbIR)ak;CaekadiRkalelIépÞdI . kñúgéf¶EdlRBHsasþa


RTg;TTYlvihar suPUtikudum< ik³enH )aneTACamYyGnafbiNÐikesdæI

sþab;eTsnaehIy mansT§aRCHføa eTIbbBVC¢a .

elak]bsm,TaehIy eFVImatika 2 [CMnaj [GacarüR)ab;

kmµdæan bMeBjsmNFm’kñúgéRB ceRmInvibsSnaEdlmanemtþaQan

Ca)aT k¾)anseRmcRBHGrhtþ . k¾kalelaksEmþgFm’ rEmgsEmþg

Fm’edaymincMeBaH ¬minb:HxÞb;buKÁl¦ tamTMngEdlRBHsasþaRTg;

sEmþg dUecñaH elakeTIb)aneQµaHfa CaGñkRbesIrCagPikçúGñkenA

edayminmankiels . kalRtac;biNÐ)at k¾cUlQanpSayemtþa

eTA RKb;² pÞH ecjcakQanehIyeTIbTTYlPikça edayKitfa eday

viFIenH TaykTaMgLaynwgmanpleRcIn . eRBaHdUecñaH elakeTIb

eQµaHfa CaGñkRbesIrCagTkçieNyübuKÁlTaMgLay .

eRBaHehtuenaH RBHmanRBHPaKeTIbRtas;fa {suPUtiRbesIrCag

PikçúEdlCasavkTaMgLayrbs;tfaKt ¬ÉtTKÁ³¦ GñkmanRbRktIenA

edayR)ascakkiels suPUtiRbesIrCagPikç úCasavkTaMgLayrbs;

tfaKt GñkCaTkç ieNyübuKÁl} .


eRBaHehtuenaH RBHmanRBHPaKeTIbRtas;fa {suPUtiRbesIrCag

PikçúCasavkTaMgLayrbs;tfaKt ¬ÉtTKÁ³¦ GñkmanRbRktIenAeday

R)ascakkiels suPUtiRbesIrCagPikç úCasavkTaMgLayrbs;tfa-

Kt GñkCaTkç ieNyübuKÁl¦} .

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plrbs;)armIEdlelak)anbMeBjmk CaGñkQøasRbtiBlkñúgelak

Rtac;carikeTAtamCnbT edIm,IRbeyaCn_rbs;CnBYkeRcIn dl;Rkúg

raCRKwHehIyedaylMdab; edayRbkardUecñH .

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fVaybgÁMehIy Rtas;fa {elakm©as;d¾ceRmIn nimnþelakm©as;enAkñúg

TIenHcuH} RTg;RBHtRmiHfa eyIgnwgsagTIenAfVay eBlesþcyageTA

ehIy RTg;k¾ePøc . RBHefr³kalmin)anesnasn³ eTIbjúaMgevla

[knøgeTAkñúgTIval . edayGanuPaBrbs;RBHefr³ ePøógminFøak; .

CnTaMgLayRtÚvePøógminFøak;ebotebon KMram eTIbnaMKñaeTAeFVIkar

yMERskRtg;TVarvaMgrbs;RBHraCa . RBHraCaRTg;BicarNafa {eday


ehtuGVIhñ+ eTIbePøógminFøak;} ehIyRTg;RBHtRmiHfa {RbEhlRBHefr³

Kg;enAkNþalval eTIbePøógminFøak;} eTIbbgÁab;[sagkudiRbk;eday

søwkeQIRbeKnRBHefr³ ehIyRtas;fa {elakd¾ceRmIn nimnþelak

enAkñ úgbNÑkudienHcuH} RTg;fVaybgÁMehIy esþcecosecjeTA .

RBHefr³cUleTAkan;kudiehIy GgÁúyBt;EPñnelIGasn³Rkal

edayesµA . k¾kñúgkalenaH ePøógk¾Føak;cuHmktictYc minbgðÚrCaExS .

lMdab;enaH RBHefr³bMNgnwgkMcat;P½yEdlekItGMBIeRKaHraMg

s¶Üt dl;stVelak kalnwgEføgfa GñkminmanGnþray TaMgxagkñúg

TaMgxageRkA eTIbeBalKafafa

EnePøóg kudirbs;eyIgRbk;)aMgCitl¥ehIy sux

sb,ay GñkcUrFøak;cuHmktamsb,aycuH citþrbs;eyIg

tmál;Tukl¥ehIy rYcputehIy eyIgbMeBjBüayam

ehIy ePøógcUrFøak;cuH .

qnñ sBÞ kñúgKafaenaH eRbIkñúgn½yfa smKYr dUckñúgRbeyaK

CaedImfa {ekµgRsIenaH smKYrnwgekµgRbúsenaH} nigdUckñúgRbeyaK


CaedIm {¬kmµenH¦ minsmKYr minKYr} . eRbIkñúg cMnYnrab;EbbBiess

EdlerobBakü[gayRsÜl dUckñúgRbeyaKCaedImfa {pKÁún³ ¬eRBaH

rlt;kielsedayminmansl;¦ énpsSaytn³ 6 enaHÉg>>>} eRbI

kñ úgn½yfa biT)aMg dUckñúgRbeyaKCaedImfa {ePøóg KW kielsrEmg

rYbrwtvtßúEdlbiT rEmgminrYbrwtvtßúEdlebIk} . eRbIkñúgn½yfa esøók

dNþb; dUckñúgRbeyaKCaedImfa {sUm,IesøókdNþb;ehIy nwgeFV IGV I

)an} . eRbICa eQµaH dUckñ úgRbeyaKCaedImfa RBHqnñ³)anRbRBwtþ

Gnacar} . eRbIkñúgn½yfa Rbk;)aMg edayesµACaedIm dUckñúgRbeyaK

CaedIm {eyIgRbk;)aMgeRscehIy eyIgRbk;)aMgerobryehIy} . nig

dUckñ úgRbeyaKCaedImfa {eyIgRbk;)aMgxÞmehIy dutePø IgehIy} .

sUm,Ikñ úgKafaenH Kb,IRCabfa eRbIkñ úgn½yfa Rbk;)aMgedayesµACa

edImdUcKña eRBaHdUecñaH eTIbmanGFib,ayfa kudiEdlRbk;)aMgehIy

edayesµA b¤søwkeQI eQµaHfa Rbk;)aMgl¥ehIyenaHÉg edayRbkar

EdlePøógnwgminlic KW ePøógnwgminRsk;cuHmk )andl; licmin)an

eLIy .


em sBÞ eRbIkñúgGtßén krN³ ¬ttiyaviPtþi¦ dUckñúgRbeyaK

CaedImfa {\LÚvenH minKYreLIy EdlnwgRbkasFm’dl;eyIg )an

seRmcehIyedayEsnlM)ak . GFib,ayfa mann½yesµInwg mya

¬EdleyIg¦ .

eRbIkñ úgGtßénsm,Tan³ ¬ctutßIviPtþ i¦ dUckñ úgRbeyaKCaedImfa

{bBiRtRBHGgÁd¾ceRmIn sUmRBHmanRBHPaKRTg;sEmþgFm’dl;´RBHGgÁ

enaHedaysegçb} GFib,ayfa mann½yesµInwg myðM ¬dl;´RBHGgÁ¦ .

eRbIkñúgGtßénqdæIviPtþ i dUckñúgRbeyaKCaedImfa {mñalPikçúTaMg

Lay munGMBIkarRtas;dwgrbs;tfaKt kaltfaKtenACaeBaFistV

enAminTan;Rtas;dwg} sUm,IkñúgKafaenH Kb,IRCabfa eRbIkñúgGtßénqdæI-

viPtþ ienaHÉg GFib,ayfa mann½yesµInwg mm .

EdleQµaHfa vtßúNa² EdlnwgKb,IRbkan;fa rbs;eyIg rEmg

minmandl;RBHxINaRsBTaMgLay eRBaHRBHxINaRsBTaMgenaH Edl

elakFm’TaMgLaycUleTApøas;bþÚrmin)an k¾Bit Etedaysnµtrbs;

elak RBHxINaRsBTaMgenaH k¾enAmanBaküsnµtKñafa {eyIg} fa


{rbs;eyIg} xøH . eRBaHehtuenaH RBHmanRBHPaKeTIbRtas;fa {eFVI

dUcemþchñ+ savkTaMgLayrbs;tfaKt nwgKb,ICaFmµTayaT nwgmin

Kb,ICaGamisTayaT} .

k¾épÞmatakþI krCkaykþI sUm,ITIGaRs½yEdlRbk;)aMgedayesµA

CaedImkþ I elakehAfa kudika ¬xÞm¦} . BitdUecñaH épÞmata elak

ehAfa xÞm dUckñ úgRbeyaKCaedImfa ¬eTvtaeBalsaeLIgvij¦

RBHGgÁRtas;matafaCaxÞm RBHGgÁRtas;Priyafa

CasMbuk RBHGgÁRtas;dl;buRtfaCatMNvgS RBHGgÁRtas;

dl;tNðafaCacMNgrbs;tfaKt .

krCkayEdlCaTIRbCu MénGakar 32 mansk;CaedIm elak

ehAfa xÞm dUckñ úgRbeyaKCaedImfa

tfaKttiHedolxÞm KW q¥wg bUklabedaysac;

cgrwtedaysrés eBjeTAedayrbs;mins¥at man

køins¥úy KYrex< Im EdlCnTUeTAyl;fa Carbs;Gñk

déT nigCarbs;xø Ün .


TIGaRs½yEdlRbk;)aMgedayesµA elakehAfa xÞm dUckñúg

RbeyaKCaedImfa {mñalb¥ÚnRsI xÞmrbs;RBHmanRBHPaKRTg;RBHnam

fa ksSb³ licePøóg} nigdUckñ úgRbeyaKCaedImfa EdleQµaHfa

{xÞm bUklabehIyk¾man minTan;bUklabk¾man} . sUm,Ikñ úgKafa

enH Kb,IRCabfa )andl; TIGaRs½yEdlRbk;)aMgedayesµAenaHÉg

eRBaHsMedAdl;bNÑsala . eRBaHfa xÞm k¾KW kudienaHÉg . GFi-

b,ayfa kudiEdlminFMdu M elakehAfa xÞm .

cMENk sux sBÞ eRbIkñ úgn½y suxevTna dUckñúgRbeyaK

CaedImfa {buKÁllHsux nigTukç esamnsS nigeTamnsSkñúgkal

mun)an} . eRbIkñúgGtßfa CamUlénesckþIsux dUckñúgRbeyaKCaedIm

fa {karekIteLIgénRBHBuT§TaMgLay naMmknUvesckþIsux/ karsþab;

RBHFmµeTsna naMmknUvesckþIsux} . eRbIkñúgGtßfa ehtuénesckþI

sux dUckñúgRbeyaKCaedImfa {mñalPikçúTaMgLay Baküfa buNüenH

CaeQµaHénesckþIsux} . eRbIkñúgGtßfa GarmµN_EdlCasux dUckñúg

RbeyaKCaedImfa {mhali k¾eRBaHrUbCasux EdlsuxCab;tamehIy


QancuHehIykan;esckþIsux} . eRbIkñúgesckþIfa minsmøwg dUckñúg

RbeyaKCaedImfa {mñalcunÞ³ rUbsmabtþiTaMgenHCasuxviharFm’kñ úg

bc©úb,nñ kñúgvin½yrbs;RBHGriy³} . eRbIkñúgGtßfa RBHniBVan dUckñúg

RbeyaKCaedImfa {RBHniBVanCasuxd¾éRkElg} . eRbIkñúgGtßfa zan³

EdlCabc©½yénesckþIsux dUckñ úgRbeyaKCaedImfa {mñalPikç úTaMg

Lay RtwmEtb:ueNÑH sUm,InwgeRbób]bmarhUtdl;sYK’Casux k¾min

EmneFV I)angayeLIy} . eRbIkñ úgGtßfa GarmµN_EdlKYrR)afña dUc

kñúgRbeyaKCaedIm {RbRBwtþeTAedIm,IsYK’ mansuxCavi)ak júaMgsYK’

[RbRBwtþeTARBm} . sUm,Ikñ úgKafaenH Kb,IRCabfa eRbIkñ úgn½yfa

GarmµN_EdlKYrR)afña b¤ kñ úgGarmµN_EdlCaehtuénesckþIsux .

k¾kudienaH júaMgesckþIeBjcitþ[dl;RBm TaMgxagkñúg nigxag

eRkA eTIbelakehAfa {sux} eRBaHGaRs½yenAsb,ay . mü:ageTot

elakehAfa {sux} eRBaHCaTIbc©½yénesckþIsuxpøÚvkay nigsuxpøÚv

citþ eRBaHmanmanesckþIsb,ayRKb;rdUv ehtuEdlminRtCak;eBk

nigminekþAeBk .


bTfa nivata ¬biTCit¦ )andl; minmanxül; GFib,ayfa

evorcakGnþrayEdlekItGMBIxül; eRBaHmanRbehagbg¥ÜcEdlbiTCit

l¥ . bTfa nivata enH CabTsEmþgdl;kudienaHnaMmkesckþIsux .

eRBaHfa ]tusb,ay³ ¬Gakassb,ay¦ rEmgrkmin)ankñúgesnasn³

Edlmanxül; ¬bk;xøa Mg¦ Etgrk)ankñúgesnasn³Edls¶at;xül; .

bTfa vsS ¬GñkcUrFøak;cuHmk¦ )andl; jaúMgePøóg[Føak; KW

júaMgExSTwk[Føak;mkedayl¥ .

eTv sBÞ kñ úgbTfa eTv enH eRbIkñúgn½yfa kSRtEdlCa

smµtieTB dUckñ úgRbeyaKCaedImfa {bBiRtRBHsmµtieTB RBHnKr

84>000 Ban; EdlmanRkúgkusavtIraCFanICaRbFanenH Carbs;RBHGgÁ

sUmRBHGgÁjúaMgqnÞ³[ekItkñúgRBHnKrTaMgenHcuH cUreFVIesckþIGal½y

kñúgCIvit} . eRbIkñúgGtßfa ]b,tþieTB dUckñúgRbeyaKCaedImfa {BYk

eTvtaCan;catumµharaCika manvNÑ³ eRcInedayesckþIsux} . eRbI

kñ úgGtßfa visuT§ ieTB dUckñ úgRbeyaKCaedImfa {BaküTUnµanrbs;RBH

manRBHPaKGgÁenaH RTg;CaeTBelIeTB RTg;eXIjFm’TaMgBYg} . k¾


kaleBaldl;RbkarEdlRBHmanRBHPaK CaeTBRbesIrCagvisuT§ i-

eTBTaMgLay eTBeRkAGMBIenH KW elakeBaldl;ehIyenaHÉg .

eRbIkñúgGtßfa Gakas dUckñúgRbeyaKCaedImfa {kñúgGakasd¾RsLH

R)ascakBBkG½BÞ} . eRbIkñ úgGtßfa ePøóg b¤G½BÞ dUckñúgRbeyaK

CaedImfa {k¾ePøóg minFøak;RtÚvtamrdUvkal} . sUm,Ikñ úgKafaenH

k¾sMedAykG½BÞ b¤ePøóg . k¾RBHefr³eBalbgÁab;ePøógTaMgenaHfa cUr

Føak;cuHmk ¬tamsb,ay¦ cuH .

bTfa yfasuxM ¬tamsb,ay¦ )andl; tameBjcitþ .

RBHefr³kalnwgGnueRKaHBBYkstVEdlGaRs½yePøógrs;enA eTIbeBal

fa GnþraykñúgxageRkAminmandl;eyIg eRBaHkarFøak;rbs;Gñk eRBaH

dUecñaH GñkcUrFøak;cuHmktam sb,aycuH dUecñH . \LÚvenH RBHefr³

kalnwgsEmþgdl;karminmanGnþraykñúgxagkñ úg eTIbeBalBaküman

CaGaTifa citþrbs;eyIgtaMgmaMl¥ehIy .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa citþM em susmahitM ¬citþrbs;eyIg

taMgmaMl¥ehIy esckþIfa citþrbs;eyIgtaMgenAehIykñúgGarmµN_eday


l¥ KW l¥éRkElg edayRbéB KW CaÉkKtþarmµN_EdlBal;RtÚvBit

R)akd .

ÉcitþenaH min)antaMgmaMedayehtuRtwmEtRKbsgát;nIvrN³

CaedImTuk)anb:ueNÑaH edayBit citþenaHrYcputehIy KW rYcputehIy

edayBiesscaksMeyaCnTaMgBYg Edlse®gÁaHeday»rmÖaKiysM-

eyaCn³ nig]T§mÖaKiysMeyaCn³ nigcakkielsFm’TaMgBYg . GFi-

b,ayfa lHkielsTaMgenaH)an taMgenAedayGMNacénsmuecäTb,-

hanehIy .

bTfa GatabI ¬bMeBjBüayam¦ )andl; manesckþIBüayam

GFib,ayfa eyIgCaGñkmanesckþIBüayam EdlR)arBÖehIyedIm,I

plsmabtþi nigedIm,IenACasuxkñ úgTidæFm’edayepþImvibsSna júaMg

GtþPaB[RbRBwtþedayFm’ manTiBVviharCaedIm EtminEmnedIm,IlH

kiels eRBaHminmankielsEdlnwgRtÚvlHenaHÉg . RBHefr³kal

nwgsEmþgfa {mñalePøóg GñkEdleyIgehA[Føak; eRBaHminman

GtþraykñúgxageRkAy:agNa sUm,IGnþrayxagkñúgk¾minman} eTIb)an


eBalBaküfa GñkcUrFøak; dUecñHTukeTot .

n½ymü:ageTot bTfa qnña ¬Rbk;)aMgehIy¦ )andl; biT)aMg

ehIy . bTfa kudika ¬xÞm¦ )andl; GtþPaB .

k¾GtþPaBenaH eRbIkñ úgGtßfa kay dUckñ úgRbeyaKCaedImfa

{mñalPikç úTaMgLay kayenHÉgrbs;buKÁl CaTIrYménGvyv³minEmn

tic manGviC¢aCaeRKÓgraraMg RbkbehIyedaytNða RbCuMKñaehIy nig

mannamrUbkñ úgxageRkA} .

eRbIkñúgGtßfa TUk dUckñúgRbeyaKCaedImfa {mñalPikçú GñkcUr

sþarTUkenH TUkEdlGñksþarehIynwgeTAdl;eRtIy)anqab; .

eRbIkñ úgGtßfa Kuha dUckñ úgRbeyaKCaedImfa {nrCnGñkCab;

CMBak;kñúgKuha KW kay RtÚvkielsd¾eRcInbiT)aMgTukehIy taMgenA

ehIyedayGMNackielsmanraK³CaedIm QmcuHkñúgkamKuNCaeRKÓg

eFV Icitþ[vegVg} .

eRbIkñ úgGtßfa rf dUckñ úgRbeyaKCaedImfa {cUremIlGtþPaB

KW rf EdlmancMENkRbkbrkeTasmin)an mandMbUls mankmµ


KW stiEtmYy sÞúHeTA} .

eRbIkñúgGtßfa TIenAGaRs½y dUckñúgRbeyaKCaedImfa {Gñknwg

eFV IpÞH ¬TIGaRs½y¦ min)aneToteLIy} .

eRbIkñúgGtßfa xÞm dUckñúgRbeyaKCaedImfa {kudi KW GtþPaB

mandMbUlEdlbiTehIy ePøIgrlt;ehIy} . eRBaHdUecñaH sUm,Ikñ úg

KafaenH elakeTIbehAGtþPaBenaHfa kudi GFib,ayfa GtþPaBnwg

man)aneRBaHGaRs½ybzvIFatuCaedIm nigpsS³CaedIm EdlsnµtKña

fa q¥wgCaedIm dUcxÞmEdl)aneQµaHfa pÞH nwgman)an eRBaHGaRs½y

TBVsmÖar³maneQICaedIm elakeTIbehAfa {xÞm} eRBaHCaTIenArbs;

sVa KW citþ . smdUcEdlelakeBalTukfa

xÞm KW ragqw¥genH CaTIGaRs½yénsVa KW citþ

eRBaHdUecñaH sVa KW citþ eTIbrsab;rsl;nwgecjcak

xÞm EdlmanTVar 5 Büayamrt;eTAmk tamTVarerOy² .

k¾xÞm KW GtþPaBenaH elakeBalfa EdlRBHefr³biT)aMg

ehIy eRBaHePøóg KW kielsmanraK³CaedIm nwgTmøúHcUlmktamTVar


EdlminsRgÜm TaMg 3 TVar 6 TVar nig 8 TVar EdlRBHefr³sRgÜm

ehIyedaybBaØa KW biT)aMgehIyedayl¥enaHÉg eRBaHehtuenaH RBH

manRBHPaKeTIbRtas;fa {tfaKteBalstifa CaeRKÓgraMraMgRkEs

TaMgLay RkEsTaMgenaHrEmgbiT)anedaybBaØa} . eQµaHfa man

esckþIsux KW dl;ehIynUvesckþIsux eRBaHbiT)aMg)antamn½ydUc

eBalehIyenaHÉg nigeRBaHCaGñkRBmeRBóbedayesckþIsux Edl

R)ascakGamis edayminmanTukç KW kiels . k¾eRBaHehtuEdl

dl;esckþIsuxehIyenaHÉg eTIbeQµaHfa s¶at;cakxül; )andl;

mankarRbRBwtþTn;Pøn; eRBaHmanesckþIRsvwg KW manH karvayb£kS

nigkarrwgt¥wgEdlkMcat;)anehIy . RBHefr³kalnwgsEmþgfa k¾pøÚv

enHseRmcdl;eyIgedayehtuRtwmEtkarBarsgáielsFm’ ¬Etmü:ag¦

k¾minEmn edayBit seRmck¾eRBaHCaGñkmancitþtaMgmaMedayl¥ eday

smaFiEdlsm,yutþehIyedaymKÁd¾RbesIr nigeRBaHCaGñkmancitþ

rYcputehIycaksMeyaCn³TaMgBYg edaybBaØaEdlsm,yutþedaymKÁ

d¾RbesIr eTIbeBalBaküCaedImfa citþrbs;eyIgtaMgmaMl¥ehIy r Yc


putehIy .

Kb,IeXIjGtßkñúgKafaenH y:agenHfa k¾eyIgCabuKÁly:agenH

Ég nwgCaGñkmanesckþIxVl;xVaytic edayKitfa \LÚvenH eyIgeFVI

kic©EdlKYreFVIeRscehIy dUecñH k¾minEmn edayBit eyIgk¾CaGñk

manesckþIBüayam KW CaGñkmanesckþI]sSah³ekItehIy kñúgkar

bMeBjRbeyaCn_suxdl;stVelakRBmTaMgeTvta sUm,IkñúgevlaPikça-

cark¾eTAtamlMdab;pÞH enAedayRBhµviharFm’y:agenaHÉg eRBaHdUecñaH

eTvbCunn³¬1¦ GñkcUrjúa MgePøóg[Føak;cuHmk[eBjsBVcuH edIm,IeFV I

[eyIgeBjcitþ TaMgedIm,IGnueRKaHBBYkstV EdlGaRs½yTwkePøóg

ciBa© wmCIvit .

k¾edaybTenHfa kudirbs;eyIgRbk;)aMgCitl¥ehIy kñúgKafa

enH RBHefr³sEmþgdl;GFisIlsikçarbs;xø Ün TaMgEdlCaelakiy³

nigelakutþr³ . edaybTfa citþrbs;eyIgtaMgmaMl¥ehIy enH sEmþg

dl;GFicitþsikça . edaybTfa rYcputehIy enH sEmþgdl;GFib,-

1¦ eTvbCunn³ ¬eTvtaePøóg¦ kñúgTIenH )andl; GsUrEdleK)ansÁal;eQµaHfa ramsUr .


BaØasikça . edaybTfa eyIgbMeBjBüayam enH sEmþgdl;kar

enACasuxkñ úgbc©úb,nñ.

mü:ageTot edaybTfa kudirbs;eyIgRbk;)aMgCitl¥ehIy enH

sEmþgdl;Gnimitþvihar eRBaHsEmþgdl;karebIknimitþ mannimitþfaeTog

CaedIm edaymatika KW karkarBarePøóg KW kiels . edaybT

fa citþrbs;eyIgtaMgmaMl¥ehIy enH sEmþgdl;Gb,Nihitvihar .

edaybTfa rYcputehIy enH sEmþgdl;suBaØtvihar . edaybTfa

eyIgbMeBjBüayamehIy enH sEmþgdl;])ayCaeRKÓgseRmcnUv

viharFm’ 3 y:agTaMgenaH .

mü:ageTot edayviharFm’dMbUg sEmþgdl;karlHeTas³ eday

viharFm’TI 2 sEmþgdl;karlHraK³ edayviharTI 3 sEmþgdl;

karlHemah³ . mü:ageTot edayviharFm’TI 2 b¤TaMgTI 1 nigTI

2 sEmþgdl;Fmµviharsm,tþi . edayviharFm’TI 3 sEmþgdl;

vimutþ ism,tþi . Kb,IRCabfa edaybTfa eyIgbMeBjBüayamehIy

enH sEmþgdl;PaBCaGñkminx¢ilRcGUs kñúgkarbdibtþiedIm,IRbeyaCn_


dl;GñkdéT .

ebIdUecñH tamniTanKafaEdlfa maneQµaH maneKaRt man

Fm’CaeRKÓgenA eRBaH)ansEmþgFm’CaeRKÓgenACaedIm TukkñúgKafaenH

ehIy edIm,InwgsEmþgeQµaHkñ úgeQµaH nigeKaRtEdlmin)ansEmþg

TukkñúgKafaenH eTIbeBalBaküCaedImfa )anB¤fa>>> ¬)anPasitKafa

Tuk¦ y:agenH . k¾RBHefr³BYkNaR)akdRtwmEteQµaH elaksEmþg

RBHefr³TaMgenaHedayeQµaH RBHefr³BYkNaR)akdehIyRtwmEteKaRt

k¾sEmþgRBHefr³TaMgenaHedayeKaRt . RBHefr³BYkNaR)akdTaMg 2

y:ag k¾sEmþgRBHefr³TaMgenaHTaMg 2 y:ag ¬KWTaMgedayeQµaH nig

eKaRt¦ . k¾RBHefr³enH elakkMNt;TukehIyedayeQµaH Etmin

R)akdedayeKaRt eRBaHdUecñaH eTIbelakeBalBaküCaedImfa \tßM

suTM Gaysµa suPUti ¬)anB¤fa RBHsuPUtiefr³>>> y:agenH¦ .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa \tßM esµIKñanwg \TM bkarM esckþI

fa edayGakarenH . bTfa suTM kat;bTCa su \TM lub \ ecj

edayGMNacsn§i . nigBaküfa su Cani)at . RbkbesckþIfa nUv

-91- Gdækfa Ékni) t vKÁTI 1 suPUtiKafa TI 1

KafaenH .

bTfa Gaysµa enH CaBaküehAedayesckþIRsLaj; KW Bakü

enH CaBaküehAGñkKYreKarBekatERkgkñúgzan³CaRKÚ . bTfa suPUti

CaBakükMNt;dl;eQµaH . k¾RBHsuPUtienaH TaMgedayesrIsm,tþ i

k¾KYrsresIr TaMgedayKuNsm,tþik¾KYrRCHføa edayRbkardUecñH eTIb

elakR)akdnamfa suPUti eRBaHRbkbeTAedaysrIr³ragkays¥at

CaTIceRmInEPñk nigKuNsm,tþimansIlCaedImCaTIceRmIncitþ . )an

eQµaHfa efr³ eRBaHRbkbeTAedayKuNFm’EdlmaMTaM mansar³ KW

sIlCaedIm .

bTfa GPasitß ¬)anPasit¦ )andl; eBalehIy .

sYrfa k¾eRBaHehtuGV I RBHmhaefr³TaMgenHeTIbRbkasKuN

TaMgLayrbs;xøÜn? eqøIyfa RBHGriy³TaMgLayGñkmanesckþIR)afña

ticy:agéRkElg RbkasKuNrbs;xøÜn edayGMNacénkarBicarNa

dl;elakutþrFm’ EdlxøÜnminFøab;)anseRmc Gs;kald¾yUry:agenH

EdlRCaleRCAéRkElg s¶b; RbNIthYsRbmaN EdlxøÜn)anseRmc


ehIy eTIbbnøW]TanedayRtÚvkmøaMgbItidas;etOn nigedayGMNacén

karsresIrBaküTUnµanfa CaniyüanikFm’ ¬Fm’naMstVecjcakPB¦ .

RBHelaknafRbkasKuNrbs;RBHGgÁ edayBakümanCaedImfa {mñal

PikçúTaMgLay tfaKtCaGñkRbkbedayBlBaØaN 10 CaGñkekøóvkøa

edayevsarC¢Fm’ 4 . edayGMNacénRBHGFüaRs½y EdlRbRBwtþ

eTAedIm,I[stV)anseRmc ¬mKÁpl¦ y:agNa KafaBüakrN_Grhtþ-

plrbs;RBHefr³enH k¾dUecñaHdUcKña dUecñHÉg .

cb;Gdækfa suPUtiefrKafaTI 1

3

-93- Gdækfa Ékni)t vKÁTI 1 mhaekadæitKafa TI 2

Gdðkza mhaekadðitezrKazaTI 2

[3] ]bsenþa ]breta mnþPaNI GnuT§eta

Funati )abek Femµ TumbtþMv maluetati .

\tßM sutM Gaysµa mhaekadæ ieta efera KafM GPasitß .

buKÁlGñks¶b;rm¶ab; evorcak)ab eBalBakü

eday])ayR)aCJa CaGñkminrevIrvay Etgkm©at;bg;nUv

)abFm’ ¬cakxn§snþan¦ dUcxül;bk;pþac;søwkeQI .

B¤fa mhaekadæitetßrmanGayu )aneBalKafaedayRbkardUecñH .

3

Kafarbs;RBHmhaekaditetßr epþImfa buKÁlGñks¶b; CaedIm .

erOgrbs;elakmky:agNa?

kñúgsm½yénRBHmanRBHPaKRBHnamfa bTumutþr³ sUm,IRBHefr³

enH k¾ekItkñúgRtkUlEdlmanePaK³eRcIn kñúgRkúghgSvtI ceRmInv½y

kñ úgefrabTan Ca mhaekadæ ik³ .


ehIy kalmatabitaeFVIkal³eTAehIy )anTTYlsm,tþi enARKb;RKg

pÞH . éf¶mYy eXIjGñkRkúghgSvtI kan;eRKÓgRkGUb nigpáakRmg

CaedIm beg¥ancUleTA naMcUleTAkan;RBHBuT§ RBHFm’ RBHsgÇ eTAKal;

RBHmanRBHPaKRTg;RBHnamfa bTumutþr³ kñúgevlasEmþgFm’ k¾edIreTA

RBmCamYymhaCn eXIjRBHsasþaRTg;EtgtaMgPikç úmYyrUb Tukkñ úg

tMENgd¾RbesIr CagPikç úGñkseRmcbdismÖiTaTaMgLay eTIbKitfa

{)anB¤fa Pikç úenHRbesIrCagPikçúTaMgLay Edldl;bdismÖiTakñ úgRBH

sasnaenH ebIdUecñaH eyIgk¾Kb,Idl;nUvPaBCaGñkRbesIredaybdi-

smÖiTajaNdUcPikçúenHxøH kñúgsasnarbs;RBHBuT§GgÁNamYy} kñúg

evlaEdlRBHsasþaRTg;bBa©b;RBHFmµeTsna k¾cUleTAKal;RBHman

RBHPaK TUlGaraFnafa {bBiRtRBHGgÁd¾ceRmIn sUmRBHGgÁRTg;TTYl

Pikçakñúgéf¶Es¥kenHrbs;´RBHGgÁpgcuH} . RBHsasþaRTg;TTYlnimnþ

ehIy .

eKfVaybgÁMRBHmanRBHPaKehIyeFV IRbTkSiN eTAkan;pÞHrbs;

xøÜn erobcMtak;EtgkEnøgsRmab;Rbfab;rbs;RBHBuT§ nigPikçúsgÇ eday

-95- Gdækfa Ékni)t vKÁTI 1 mhaekadæ itKafa TI 2

eRKÓgRkGUb nigpáakRmgCaedIm cat;EcgxaTnIy³ePaCnIhard¾RbNIt

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smKYrdl;eyIgeLIy eyIgnwgfVayTanrhUt 7 éf¶ edaylMdab;

ehIyeTIbtaMgesckþIR)afña} .

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nigfVayéRtcIvrdl;Pikçú 100>000 rUb cUleTAKal;RBHtfaKtehIy

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RkabcuH)aTmUlrbs;RBHsasþa taMgesckþIR)afñaTuk .

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R)afñarbs;Gñk nwgseRmckñúgsasnarbs;RBHBuT§RBHnamfa eKatm

enaH .


kñúgkb,TI 100>000 GMBIPTÞkb,enH RBHCin

RsIRBHnamfa bTumutþr³ Gñkdwgc,as;elakTaMgBYg

CaRBHmunI manRBHckçú esþc)an]b,tþieLIgehIy .

RBHGgÁRtas;TUnµan RTg;sEmþg[stVdwgc,as;

RTg;)anCYysBVstV[qøgputvdþsgSar RTg;Qøas

kñúgeTsna CaGñkrIkray RTg;CYyRbCuMCn[qøgput

CaeRcIn .

1¦ GbTan ¬bidkelx 75 TMB½r 328¦ Ca RBHmhaekadæ ikefr³ .


RBHGgÁCaGñkGnueRKaH RbkbedayRBHmha

kruNa EsVgrkRbeyaCn_[sBVstV eFV It ir ß Iy_Edl

mkKal; [taMgenAkñ úgbBa©sIl)anRKb;r Ub .

kalebIdUecñaH RBHsasþaeTIbminmankarFuj

RTan; nigsUnücaktirß Iy_ l¥s¥atedayRBHGrhnþGñk

CataTibuKÁl GñkmanesckþIC Mnaj .

RBHmhamunIGgÁenaH km<s; 58 htß manRBH

qvIvNÑl¥s¥atRsedogmas manRBHlkçN³d¾RbesIr

32 Rbkar .

RKaenaH stVmanGayu 100>000 qña M RBH

CinRsIGgÁenaH k¾taMgRBHCnµenARbmaNb:ueNÑaH RTg;

CYyBBYkCnd¾eRcIn [qøgputvdþsgSar .

RKaenaH eyIgCaRBahµN_Edleroncb;éRtevT

enAkñ úgRkúghgSvtI )ancUleTAKal;RBHBuT§ RTg;Ca

buKÁlRbesIrCagelakTaMgBYg ehIysþab;RBHFmµ-


eTsna .

RKaenaH RBHFIr³Cam©as;GgÁenaH RTg;EtgtaMg

savkGñkEbkFøaykñúgbdismÖiTa QøaskñúgGtß kñ úg

Fm’ kñ úgnirut þ i nigkñ úgbdiPaN kñúgtMENgÉtTKÁ³ .

eyIg)ansþab;dUecñaHehIyk¾eBjcitþ eTIb)an

nimnþRBHCinRsI RBmTaMgRBHsavk[esay nigqan;

Gs; 7 éf¶ kñ úgkalenaH .

eyIgjúaMgRBHBuT§EdleRbóbdUcCasaKr RBm

TaMgRBHsavk [RKgsMBt; ehIy»ncuHTab)aTmUl

R)afñazannþr³enaH .

lMdab;enaH RBHBuT§d¾RbesIrkñ úgelak )an

Rtas;fa cUremIlRBahµN_Gñkd¾]tþm EdlRkabeTob

)aTmUlenH manrsµId UcRtbkpáaQUk .

RBahµN_enH R)afñatMENgrbs;PikçúénRBHBuT§

d¾RbesIr¬1¦ eRBaHkarbric©aKTanedaysT§aenaH nig

1¦ )alIGbTan {esdæM BuT§sS PikçsS} R)afñatMENgénPikçúGñkEbkFøay CatMENgRbesIrbMput .


eRBaHkarsþab;RBHFmµeTsna

RBahµN_enH nwgCaGñkmanesckþIsuxkñúgRKb;

PB Rtac;eTAkñúgPBtUcPBFM nwg)ansmtammenarf

dUecñH kñúgGnaKtd¾Evg

kñúgkb,TI 100>000 GMBIenHeTA RBHsasþa

manRBHnamfaeKatm EdlsmÖBkñúgvgSRBH)aT»káa-

kraC esþcnwg]b,tþ ieLIgkñ úgelak

RBahµN_enH nwgCaFmµTayaTrbs;RBHsasþa

GgÁenaH Ca»rsEdlFmµnimitþ Casavkrbs;RBHsasþa

edaymannamfa ekadæ it³ .

eyIg)ansþab;RBHBuT§BüakrN_enaHehIy Ca

GñkrIkray mancitþRbkbedayemtþa beRmIRBHCinRsI

drabGs;CIv itkñúgRKaenaH eRBaHeyIgCaGñkmansti

RbkbeTAedaybBaØa .

edayplrbs;kmµenaH nigedayectnaEdl


taMgmaM eyIglHbg;ragkaymnusSehIy )aneTAekIt

kñ úgsYK’Can;tavtwgS .

eyIg)anesayraCsm,tþik ñ úgeTvelak 300

dg )anCaesþccRkBtþi 500 dg .

nig)anCaesþcEpndId¾FMTUlay rab;dgminGs;

eRBaHkmµenaHnaMeTA eyIgeTIbCaGñkdl;nUvesckþIsux

RKb;² PB .

eyIgGenÞaleTAEtkñ úg 2 PB KW kñ úgeTvta

nigmnusS KtidéTeyIgminEdlsÁal; enHCaplén

kmµEdlsnSMTukl¥ehIy .

eyIgekItEtkñúgRtkUl 2 KW RtkUlkSRt nig

RtkUlRBahµN_ minekItkñ úgRtkUlefakTab enHCa

plénkmµEdlsnSMTul¥ehIy .

kaldl;PBcugeRkay eyIgCaepABgSénRBhµ

ekItkñúgRtkUlEdlmanRTBüeRcIn kñ úgRkugsavtß I .


matarbs;eyIgeQµaHcnÞvtI bitaeQµaHGsS-

layn³ kñúgkalRBHBuT§ RTg;ENnaMbitarbs;eyIg

edIm,IkarbrisuT§RKb;y:ag .

eyIgRCHføakñúgRBHsuKt )anecjbYsCabBV-

Cit RBHemaKÁløanCaGacarü RBHsarIbutþCa]bCÄay_ .

eyIgkat;Tidæ iRBmTaMgbJsecj)an kñúgxN³

Edlekarsk; nigxN³EdlRKgsMBt;kasavP®sþ k¾

)anseRmcRBHGrhtþ .

eyIgmanR)aCJaEbkFøay kñúgGtß Fm’ nirut þ i

nigbdiPaN dUecñaH RBHmanRBHPaKRTg;RbesIrkñ úg

elak eTIbRTg;EtgtaMgeyIgTukkñúgtMENgÉtTKÁ³ .

eyIgEdlRBH]btisS³ )ansYrkñ úgbdismÖiTa

k¾eqøIy)anmineTIsTak; dUecñaH eyIgeTIbCaGñkRbesIr

kñ úgsasnarbs;RBHsmµasm<úT § .

eyIgdutkielsTaMgLayehIy dkPB)anGs;


ehIy kat;kielsCaeRKÓgcg dUcdMrIpþac;TnøIgehIy

CaGñkminmanGasv³ .

karEdleyIg)anmk kñúgsmñak;rbs;RBHBuT§

rbs;eyIg Cakarmkl¥ehIyhñ+ eyIg)anseRmc

viC¢a 3 ehIyedaylMdab; BaküTUnµanrbs;RBHBuT§

eyIgeFV Icb;ehIy .


8 nigGPiBaØa 6 eyIgeFV I[Cak;c,as;ehIy Bakü

TUnµanrbs;RBHBuT§ eyIgeFV Icb;ehIy .

eKsnSMnUvbuNü nigjaNsmÖar kñúgPBenaH² y:agenHehIy

Rtac;rgÁt;eTAmkkñúgeTvta nigmnusSTaMgLay kñúgBuT§ úb,aTkalenH

ekItkñúgRtkUlRBahµN_mhasal kñúgRkúgsavtßI matabitadak;eQµaH

eKfa ekadiæt³ . ekadiætmaNBenaHceRmInehIy eronéRtevT sikSa

cb;kñ úgsil,sa®sþrbs;RBahµN_ éf¶mYy eTAkan;smñak;rbs;RBH

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)an]sm,TaehIy bMeBjvibsSna )anseRmcRBHGrhtþRBmeday

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mhaefr³GñkCMnajTaMgLayehIy sYrbBaðakþI cUleTAKal;RBHTs-

BlehIy TUlsYrbBaðakþ I k¾sYrbBaðacMeBaHkñ úgbdismÖiTab: ueNÑaH .

RBHefr³rUbenH CaGñkRbesIrCagPikçú EdlseRmcbdismÖiTa

TaMgLay eRBaHCaGñkmanGFikarEdleFVITukehIykñúgPBenaH² nig

eRBaHCaGñkmanPaBCMnajEdlsnSMTukehIy edayRbkardUcBN’na

mkenH .

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EtgtaMgelakTukkñúgtMENgénPikçúEdlRbesIrCagPikçúTaMgLay Edl

seRmcbdismÖiTajaN edayRBHBuT§tRmas;fa {mñalPikç úTaMgLay

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GñkseRmcbdismÖiTa} . sm½ytmk kalelakesayvimutþisux)an

eBalKafa edaybnøWCa]Tanfa

buKÁlGñks¶b; evorcakkareFV IesckþIGaRkk;


niyayedaybBaØa minraymay rEmgkm©at;)abFm’

TaMgLay)an dUcxül;bk;søwkeQI[RCúHeTA dUecñaH .

)anB¤fa RBHmhaekadæit³)anPasitKafaTuky:agenH .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa ]bsenþa ¬buKÁlGñks¶b;¦ esckþI

fa buKÁleQµaHfa s¶b;ehIy eRBaHeFVIkars¶b;rm¶ab;\®nÞiyTaMgLay

mancitþCaKRmb; 6 edayeFV I[Gs;GMNac .

bTfa ]breta ¬evorcak¦ esckþIfa evor KW evorcakkareFV I

esckþIGaRkk;RKb;y:ag . kñúgbTfa mnþPaNI ¬niyayedaybBaØa¦

bBaØa elakehAfa mnþa k¾buKÁleQµaHfa GñkniyayedaybBaØa

eRBaHBicarNaedaybBaØaenaH ehIyeTIbeBal . GFib,ayfa eBal

edayminlHbg;PaBCaGñkeBaltamkalCaedIm . mü:ageTot buKÁl

eQµaHfa GñkniyayedaybBaØa eRBaHeBaledayGMNacénkareBal

mnþ . GFib,ayfa evorBaküEdlCaTuBÖasit eBalEtBaküEdlCa

suPasit EdlRbkbedayGgÁ 4 b:ueNÑaH edayPasarbs;xø Ün .

buKÁleQµaHfa GnuT§eta ¬minraymay¦ eRBaHminmanraymayeday


karelIkxø Ün manCatiCaedIm .

mü:ageTot eQµaHfa Gñks¶b; eRBaHs¶b;kayTuc©r it 3 )an

edayevorkayTuc©r itenaH . eQµaHfa evorcak eRBaHevorcak KW lH

bg;menaTuc©r itTaMg 3 . eQµaHfa niyayedaybBaØa eRBaHniyay

l¥itl¥n; minknøgelµIsvcITuc©rit 4 . eQµaHfa minraymay eRBaH

minmanesckþIraymayEdlekItGMBInimitþ KW Tuc©r it 3 y:ag . k¾

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mancitþtaMgmaM eRBaHlH]T§c©³)an eFVIsmaFienaHÉg[CabTdæan ceRmIn

vibsSnaehIy rEmgeQµaHfa Funati )abek Femµ ¬kMcat;)abFm’

TaMgLay)an¦ KW kMcat;sgáielsFm’ EdleQµaHfa lamk eRBaH

CaTItaMgénlamk)ansUm,IRKb;y:ag tamlMdab;énmKÁ )andl; lH

)anedayGMNacénsmuecäTb,han . dUcGVI? TumbtþMv malueta ¬dUc

xül;bk;pþac;søwkdUecñaH¦ . ]bmadUcxül; rEmgkMcat;søwkeQI KW

søwkBN’elOgrbs;søwkeQI KW [dac;GMBITgy:agNa GñktaMgenA

kñ úgbdibTatamEdleBalehIyk¾dUecñaH rEmgnaM)abFm’TaMgBYgecj

-106- brmtßTIbnI Gdækfa x uTÞknikay efrKafa

GMBIsnþanrbs;xøÜn)an . Kb,IRCabfa KafaenH cat;CaKafaBüakrN_

Grhtþpl edaykarGagdl;RBHGrhtþplrbs;RBHefr³ .

k¾kñúgKafaenH elaksEmþgdl;PaBbrisuT§énbeyaK³ ¬esckþI

Büayam¦ edayeBaldl;karlHkayTuc©rit nigvcITuc©rit sEmþgdl;

esckþIbrisuT§énGasy³ ¬GaFüaRs½y¦ edayeBaldl;karlHmena-

Tuc©rit sEmþgdl;karlHnIvrN³rbs;elakGñkmanbeyaK³ nigGasy³

brisuT§y:agenH eRBaHtaMgenAkñúgPaBminraymayenaH . edayeBal

dl;karminman]T§c©³ edaybTfa minraymay enH . bNþabeyaK³

nigGasy³TaMgenaH sIlsm,tþirEmgR)akd edayesckþIbrisuT§én

beyaK³ . karkMNt;Fm’EdlCa]bkar³dl;smfPavna rEmgR)akd

edayesckþIbrisuT§énGasy³ smaFiPavnarEmgR)akdedaykarlH

nIvrN³ . bBaØaPavnarEmgR)akdeday)aTKafaenHfa rEmgkMcat;

)abFm’TaMgLay)an .

edayRbkardUcBN’namkenH sikça 3 manGFisIlsikçaCaedIm

BaküTUnµanEdlmanlMG 3 y:ag/ bhan 3 mantTgÁb,hanCaedIm


vtþbdibtþiedaymCÄimb,dibTaRBmTaMgkarevorcakcMENkbMput 2 y:ag

nig])ayCaeRKÓgQanknøgPBkñúgG)ayCaedIm bNÐitKb,InaMmkGFi-

b,aytamsmKYr . sUm,IkñúgKafad¾ess k¾Kb,IRCabkarRbkbesckþI

tamsmKYredayn½yenH . ńwgBN’naRtwmEtn½yEdlmin)aneBal

Tukkñ úgTIdéT² b:ueNÑaH . bTfa )anB¤fa RBHmhaekadi æt³>>> y:ag

enH enH CaBaküeBalsresIr dUcKñanwgkarsresIrRBHmhaemaKÁ-

løan dUecñHÉg .

cb;Gdækfa mhaekadi ætKafaTI 2

3


Gdðkza kg¡aervtetærKazaTI 3

[4] bBaØ M \mM bsS tfaKtanM

GKÁi yfa bC¢lieta nisIev

GaelakTa ckçúTTa Pvnþ i

ey GaKtanM vinynþi kgçn þi .

\tßM suTM Gaysµa kgçaerveta efera KafM GPasitß .

GñkcUremIlbBaØaenH rbs;RBHtfaKtTaMgLay

dUcCaePøIg EdlrugerOgkñúgraRtI RBHtfaKtTaMgLay

CaGñkRbTanBnøWckçú EtgkMcat;bg;esckþIsgS½yrbs;

evenyüCnEdlmkehIy .

Kafarbs;RBHkgçaervt³ epþImfa elakcUremIlbBaØaenH . erOg

ekIteLIgdUcemþc?

kñúgsm½yRBHmanRBHPaK RBHnamfa bTumutþr³ sUm,IRBHefr³

enH k¾ekItkñúgRtkUlRBahµN_mhasalkñúgRkúghgSvtI . éf¶mYy kñúg

evlasEmþgRBHFmµeTsnarbs;RBHBuT§TaMgLay eKcUleTAkan;vihar

-109- Gdækfa Ékni)t vKÁTI 1 kgçaervtKafa TI 3

RBmedaymhaCn tamn½yEdleBalTukehIy Qrsþab;Fm’enAxag

cugbris½T eXIjRBHsasþaRTg;taMgPikç úmYyrUb Tukkñ úgtMENgbuKÁl

d¾RbesIrCagPikç úTaMgLay GñkeRtkGrkñ úgQan Kitfa {kñ úgGnaKt

eyIgk¾Kb,IdUcPikç úrUbenH} kñ úgevlacb;eTsna eTIbnimnþRBHsasþa

eFV Iskáar³FM edayn½ydUceBalmkGMBImunehIy RkabTUlRBHman-

RBHPaKfa {bBiRtRBHGgÁd¾ceRmIn edaykareFV IGFikarenH ´RBHGgÁ

minR)afñasm,tþ iy:agdéT kñúgéf¶cugeRkayénéf¶TI 7 rab;GMBIéf¶enH

RBHGgÁtaMgPikçúrUbenaH TukkñúgtMENgrbs;Pikçúd¾RbesIrCagPikçúTaMgLay

GñksmøwgQan y:agNa kñúgGnaKtkal sUm,I´RBHGgÁk¾Kb,ICaGñk

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GgÁ k¾dUecñaH} . ehIytaMgesckþIR)afñaTuk .

RBHbrmsasþaRTg;RbemIlemIlGnaKtkalehIy RTg;eXIjfa

nwgseRmc eTIbRTg;BüakrN_fa {RBHBuT§RBHnamfa eKatm esþcnwg

]b,tþ ieLIgkñ úgTIbMputén 100>000 kb, kñúgGnaKtkal GñknwgCa

buKÁlRbesIrCagPikçúTaMgLayGñksmøwgQan kñúgsasnarbs;RBHBuT§


RBHnamfa eKatmenaH} ehIyesþcecosecjeTA .

eKeFVIEtkmµl¥drabGs;CIvit Rtac;rgÁat;eTAkñúgeTvta nigmnusS

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eFVIbrikmµQan CaGñk)anQan eFVIQan[Ca)aTehIy k¾)anseRmc

RBHGrhtþ .

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GñkmanesckþICMnajEdlsnSMehIykñúgQanTaMgLay TaMgeBléf¶

nigeBlyb; .

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{mñalPikç úTaMgLay kgçaervt³ RbesIrCagPikçúCasavkTaMgLayrbs;


tfaKtGñksmøwgQan} .


kñúgkb,TI 100>000 rab;GMBIPTÞkb,enH RBH

CinRsIRBHnamfa bTumutþr³ GñkmanckçúkñúgFm’TaMgBYg

RTg;CaGñknaM esþc)an]b,tþ ieLIgehIy .

RBHGgÁmanRBHhnudUcraCsIh_ manRBHsUresog

dUcRBhµ mansMenogdUchgS nigsÁrFM esþcdMeNIr

dUcdMrIEdlekøóvkøa manRBHrsµId UcrsµIRBHcnÞ nigRBH

GaTitüCaedIm .

manRBHR)aCJaeRcIn manesckþIBüayameRcIn

mankarsmøwgBinitüeRcIn manBl³eRcIn Rbkbeday

RBHmhakruNa CaTIBwgrbs;stV kMcat;PaBggwtFM .

RKamYy RBHsmµasm<úT §CabuKÁlRbesIrCag

éRtelak CaRBHmunI RTg;dwgvar³citþrbs;stV RTg;

ENnaMevenyüstVd¾eRcIn RTg;sEmþgRBHFmµeTsna .

1¦ GbTan ¬bidkelx 75 TMB½r 361¦ Ca RBHkgçaervtefr³ dEdl .


RBHCinRsI Rtas;sresIrPikçúGñksmøwgBinitü

eRtkGrkñúgQan manesckþIBüayam s¶b;rm¶ab; min

kkrl¥k;kñúgkNþalbris½T RTg;eFVI[RbCuMCneRtkGr .

RKaenaH eyIgCaRBahµN_eroncb;éRtevT enA

kñ úgRkúghgSvtI )ansþab;RBHFm’eTsna k¾eBjcitþ

eTIbR)afñatMENgenaH .

RKaenaH RBHCinRsIRTg;CaGñknaMd ¾kMBUl )an

Rtas;BüakrN_ kñ úgkNþalsgÇfa cUreBjcitþcuH

RBahµN_ Gñknwg)antMENgenH smdUcmenarfEdl

R)afña .

kñúgkb,TI 100>000 GMBIkb,enH RBHsasþa

RBHnamfa eKatm EdlsmÖBkñúgvgSrbs;RBH)aT

»káakraC esþcnwg]b,tþ ieLIgkñ úgelak .

GñknwgCaFmµTayaT rbs;RBHsasþaGgÁenaH

Ca»rsEdlFmµnimitþ Casavkmannamfaervt³rbs;


RBHsasþa .

eRBaHkmµEdleFVITukl¥ nigedayectnaEdl

taMgmaM eyIglHbg;ragkaymnusSehIy )aneTAkan;

sYK’Can;tavtþigS .

kñúgPBcugeRkayenH eyIgekItkñúgRtkUlkSRt

EdlsþúksþmÖsm,Úr manRTBüeRcIn kñ úgelakiy-

nKr .

kñúgkalRBHBuT§ RTg;sEmþgRBHFm’eTsnakñ úg

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tmk RBHsasþaesþcecjcakRkúgraCRKwH eTAkan;RkúgsavtßI .

cMENkRBHbuNÑetßrRCabfa RBHsasþaesþcyagmkkñúgTIenaH eTIb

eTA edayKitfa {eyIgnwgKal;RBHsasþa} )anKal;RBHsasþaxag

kñúgRBHKn§kudienaHÉg .

RBHsasþaRTg;sEmþgFm’dl;RBHefr³ . RBHefr³sþab;Fm’ehIy

fVaybgÁMRBHTsBl eTAkan;éRBGn§v½nedIm,IBYnsm¶M ehIyKg;sRmak

eBléf¶enARtg;Kl;eQImYyedIm .

cMENkRBHsarIbutþetßrRCabfa RBHbuNÑetßrmk eTIbnimnþtam

eTAedaycMgaylµmemIleXIjsIs³ kMNt;»kasehIy eTIbcUleTA

rkRBHbuNÑetßrEdlGgÁúyRtg;Kl;eQI snÞnaR)aRs½yCamYyRBHefr³


)ansaksYrdl;lMdab;énvisuT§i 7 CamYyelak .

sUm,IRBHefr³k¾BüakrN_bBaðaEdlRBHsarIbutþenaHsYrehIy²

júaMgcitþrbs;RBHsarIbutþ[eRtkGr edayesckþI]bmaedayrfEdl

pøas;bþÚrKña . elakTaMg 2 enaH k¾)ansresIrPasitdl;KñanwgKña .

kñúgevlatmk RBHsasþaRbfab;enAkNþalPikç úsgÇ RTg;taMg

RBHefr³TukkñúgtMENgénPikçúRbesIrCagPikçúGñkCaRBHFmµkfik ¬ÉtTKÁ³¦

edayRBHBuT§tRmas;fa {mñalPikç úTaMgLay buNÑ³ RbesIrCagPikç ú

EdlsavkTaMgLayrbs;tfaKt GñkCaFmµkfik} .

kñúgéf¶mYy elakBicarNadl;vimutþ ism,tþ irbs;xø Ün ekItbIti

nigesamnsSfa {eyIg nigstVBYkdéTd¾eRcIn GaRs½yRBHbrmsasþa

rYcputcaksgSarTukçehIy karKb;rkbuKÁlCasb,úrs man]bkar³

eRcInhñ+} eTIbeBalKafaedaykmøa Mgrbs;bItiecjeTA edayGMNac

én]Tanfa

buKÁlKYrsmaKmCamYysb,úrs GñkCabNÐit

GñkeXIjRbeyaCn_b:ueNÑaH eRBaHFIrCnTaMgLayCa


GñkminRbmaT eXIjRbckSedaybBaØa rEmgseRmc

RbeyaCn_FM RCaleRCA eXIj)anlM)ak l¥it suxum .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa sBÖierv ¬CamYysb,úrs¦ )andl;

CamYysb,úrsTaMgLayb:ueNÑaH . k¾kñúgKafaenH RBHGriy³TaMgLay

manRBHBuT§CaedIm elakbMNgykfa sb,úrs . eRBaHRBHBuT§Ca

edImenaH lHFm’rbs;Gsb,úrsTaMgLay)anehIyedayminmansl;

nigsresIrKuNFm’d¾éRkElg eRBaHseRmcdl;RBHsT§mµy:ag]Rkidæ

eTIbelakeBalfa Casb,úrs Gñks¶b;rm¶ab; .

bTfa smaesf ¬KYrsmaKm¦ esckþIfa Kb,IenAerOy² KW

enArYm . GFib,ayfa kalcUlCitelakTaMgenaH sþab;ehIy nig

eFV ItamEbbEpnrbs;elakTaMgenaH eQµaHfa CaGñkenArYm .

bTfa bNÐiethtßTsSiPi ¬GñkCabNÐit GñkeXIjRbeyaCn_¦

CaBaküeBalsresIrRBHGriy³TaMgenaH . bBaØa elakehAfa bNÐa

eQµaHfa CabNÐit eRBaHmanbBaØa eQµaHfa bNÐaenaH . tBIenaH

k¾eQµaHfa GtßTsSiena ¬GñkeXIjRbeyaCn_¦ eRBaHeXIjRbeyaCn_


EdlEckCaRbeyaCn_xø ÜnCaedIm edayminxusPøat; . Kb,IKb;CamYy

bNÐitGñkeXIjRbeyaCn_TaMgenaH .

ebImanBaküsYrfa eRBaHehtuGVI? eqøIyfa eRBaHelakTaMgenaH

Casb,úrs CabNÐit . mü:ageTot eRBaHkalKb;rkbuKÁlTaMgenaH

edayl¥ rEmgeQµaHfa seRmcnUv GtßM ¬RbeyaCn_¦ eRBaHmanEt

RbeyaCn_Etmü:ag nigeRBaHminmankielsCaehtu[ERskyM eday

mKÁBaØaNCaedImenaHÉg EdleQµaHfa mhnþM ¬FM¦ eRBaHmanKuNeRcIn

nigeRBaHl¥it EdleQµaHfa KmÖIrM ¬eRCA¦ eRBaHsÞg;mindl; nigeRBaH

manGarmµN_ KW jaNd¾RCaleRCA EdleQµaHfa TuTÞsM ¬eXIj)an

lM)ak¦ eRBaHGñkmanqnÞ³CaedImTn;exSayminGacnwgeXIj)an nig

eRBaHbuKÁleRkAGMBIenHeXIj)anedaylM)ak EdleQµaHfa nibuNM

¬l¥it¦ eRBaHeXIj)anlM)ak eRBaHCasPav³d¾l¥it nigeRBaHCaGa-

rmµN_rbs;jaNd¾l¥it EdleQµaHfa GNuM ¬suxum¦ eRBaHmansPaB

d¾suxum eRBaHCaFm’d¾l¥itenaHÉg ¬RbeyaCn_EdleBalmkTaMgGs;

enH¦ k¾KW RBHniBVan . mü:ageTot rEmgeQµaHfa seRmc RbeyaCn_


eRBaHmansPaBCabrmtß edayGtßfa minERbRbÜl . EdleQµaHfa

FM eRBaHeFV I[CaRBHGriy³ eRBaHCanimitþénPaBCaFMéRkElg . Edl

eQµaHfa RCaleRCA eRBaHmankarminrak;CasPav³ . EdleQµaHfa

eXIj)anlM)ak eRBaHeXIj)anedaylM)ak KW minGacnwgeXIj)an

edaygay eQµaHfa eXIj)anlM)ak eRBaHRCaleRCA eQµaHfa

RCaleRCA eRBaHeXIj)anlM)ak ¬RbeyaCn_EdleBalmkTaMgGs;

enH¦ k¾KW sc©³ 4 . edayBiesseTAeTot ¬RbeyaCn_¦ Edl l¥it

suxum k¾KW nieraFsc©³ dUecñaH FIra smFiKcänþi ¬FIrCnrEmgseRmc¦

sc©³ 4 enH enHy:agenH KW buKÁlTaMgLayEdleQµaHfa FIrCn

eRBaHbribUN’edaybBaØaCaeRKÓgRTRTg;caM xVl;xVaykñúgkmµdæanPavna

Edlmansc©³ 4 CaGarmµN_ rEmgseRmc edayl¥enaHÉg .

bTfa Gb,mtþa ¬CaGñkminRbmaT¦ esckþIfa júaMgvtþbdibtþi

KW esckþIminRbmaT[bribUN’ edaykarminenAR)ascaksti kñ úgTI

TaMgBYg .

bTfa vickçNa ¬eXIjc,as;edaybBaØa¦ esckþIfa Qøaskñúg


vibsSnaPavna . P¢ab;esckþIfa eRBaHdUecñaH Kb,IsmaKmCamYy

sb,úrsTaMgLayenaHÉg .

mü:ageTot bTfa bNÐiethtßTsSiPi ¬GñkCabNÐit GñkeXIj

RbeyaCn_¦ enH CabBa©mIviPtþi . P¢ab;esckþIfa eRBaHehtuEdlFIrCn

TaMgLay CaGñkminRbmaT eXIjc,as;edaybBaØa rEmgseRmcnUv

RbeyaCn_ EdlesckþIviessmanPaBCaFMCaedIm GMBIbNÐitTaMgLay

GñkeXIjRbeyaCn_ GñkCaTIekItesckþIl¥ dUecñaH Kb,IKb;rksb,úrs

enaHÉg .

KafaenH k¾cat;CaKafaBüakrN_Grhtþplrbs;RBHefr³ eday

karsEmþgdl;bdievFFm’ edayRbkardUecñaH .

cb;Gdækfa buNÑmnþanIbutþetßrKafaTI 4

3

-137- Gdækfa Ékni)t vKÁTI 1 TBVmløbutþefrKafa TI 5

Gdðkza TBVmløbutþezrKazaTI 5

[6] eya TuTÞmeya Temn Tenþa

TeBVa snþúsieta vitiNÑkegça

viCitavI GebtePreva hi

TeBVa esa briniBVúeta zitetþati .

Pikç úNaeQµaH TBV³ EdleKTUnµan)anedayRk )an

TUnµan edaykarTUnµan ¬\®nÞ iy¦ CaRBHefr³mancitþ

senþas qøgesckþIsgS½y manC½yCMnH R)ascak

esckþItk;søút PikçúTBVmløbutþenaH mancitþx¢ab;x¢ Ün

brin iBVanehIy .

B¤fa TBVetßrmanGayu )aneBalKafa edayRbkardUecñH .

Kafarbs;RBHTBVetßr³ epþ Imfa kalmun RBHTBVmløbutþGgÁ

Na . erOgmanmkdUcemþc?

sUm,IRBHefr³enH k¾ekIteLIgkñúgpÞHGñkmanRtkUlkñúgRkúghgSvtI

kñúgsm½yénRBHBuT§RBHnamfa bTumutþr³ ceRmInv½yehIy sþab;RBHFm’-


eTsnaedayn½ydUceBalehIykñúgkalmunenaHÉg eXIjRBHbrm-

sasþaRTg;taMgPikçúmYyrUb TukkñúgtMENgénPikçúEdlRbesIrCagPikçúTaMg

LayGñkRkalesnasn³ eTIbsnSMGFikar R)afñatMENgenaH CaGñk

EdlRBHbrmsasþaRTg;BüakrN_ehIy bMeBjkusldrabGs;CIv it

ehIyRtac;rgÁat;eTAkñúgeTvta nigmnusSTaMgLay bYsehIykñúgevla

énsasnarbs;RBHTsBlRBHnamfa ksSb³ EdlerayeroveTA .

kñúgRKaenaH manPikç ú 6 rUb rYmTaMgelakCaKRmb; 7 rUb Ca

GñkmankarKitdUcKña eXIjPikçúBYkdéTmineFVIesckþIeKarBkñúgRBHsasþa

eTIbKitfa {kñ úgkrNIenH BYkeyIgnwgeFV IGV I)an BYkeyIgnwgbMeBj

smNFm’enAkñúgTIsmKYrmYy ehIyeFVITIbMputénTukç} eTIbcgCeNþIr

eLIgkan;kMBUlPñMx<s; niyayKñafa {GñkKb,IdwgkmøaMgrbs;xø ÜnehIy

cUrrujCeNþIrecalcuH GñkenAmanesckþIGal½ykñúgCIvitcUrcuHeTA ku M

CaGñkekþARkhaykñúgkalCaxageRkayeLIy} dUecñHehIy RKb;rUbrYm

Kña RcanCeNþIrecalecj das;etOnKñanwgKñafa {elakd¾manGayu

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EdlxøÜneBjcitþ epþ ImbMeBjsmNFm’ .

kñúgPikçúTaMgenaH RBHefr³seRmcGrhtþplkñúgéf¶TI 5 Kitfa

{kic©rbs;eyIgseRmcehIy kñúgTIenH eyIgnwgeFVIGVIl¥} eTIbnaMbiNÐ)at

mkGMBI]tþrkuruTVIbedaybJT§× eBalfa {GñkmanGayuTaMgLay BYkelak

cUrqan;biNÐ)atenH Parkic©kñ úgkarrkGaharCanaTIrbs;´ BYkelak

cUreFV InaTIerog² xø ÜncuH} . Pikç úTaMgLaysYrfa {GñkmanGayu BYk

eyIgrujCeNþIrecal )aneBalRBmeRBógnwgKñay:agenHfa GñkNa

eFVI[Cak;c,as;nUvFm’mun GñkenaHcUrnaMGaharmk Pikçúd¾essnwgbri-

ePaKGaharEdlnaMmk ehIybMeBjsmNFm’ dUecñHb¤?} RBHefr³

eqø Iyfa {minmankarRBmeRBógdUecñHeT} . Pikç úTaMgLayeTIbeBal

fa {elak)an ¬seRmcFm’¦ edaybuBVehturbs;xøÜn sUm,IBYk´Rbsin

ebIGac k¾nwgeFV ITIbMputénTukçxøH elakcUreTAcuH} . RBHefr³kalmin

GacnwgjúaMgPikçúTaMgenaHeRtkGr)an eTIbqan;biNÐ)atkñúgTIEdl ¬man

Twk¦ eRscehIy k¾eKcecjeTA . RBHefr³mYyrUbeTot)anseRmc

GnaKamipl kñúgéf¶TI 7 cuticakPBenaHehIy eTAekItkñúgRBhµelak


Can;suT§avas . RBHefr³eRkAGMBIenH cuticakPBenaHehIy Rtac;eTA

kñúgeTvta nigmnusS Gs;kalmYyBuT§nþr ehIyekItkñúgRtkUlenaH²

kñúgkalCaTIekIténRBHBuT§GgÁenH KW mYyrUbekItkñ úgraCRktUl kñúg

tkásilanKr EdnKn§ar³/ mYyrUbekItkñúgépÞrbs;nagbriBVaCika kñ úg

mCÄnþ irdæ/ mYyrUbeTotekItkñúgpÞHrbs;kudum<Ik³ EdnBahiy³/ mYyrUb

eTotekItkñ úgsmñak;rbs;nagPikç únI .

cMENkRBHTBVetßrenH cab;bdisn§ikñ úgpÞHrbs;esþcmlø³mYy

GgÁkñúgGnubiynKr Ednmlø³ . matarbs;elakRbsUtkUnehIyk¾

søab; ¬søab;TaMgkUnenAkñ úgépÞ¦ CnTaMgLayeTIbnaMyksaksBEdl

søab;eTAkan;bcäa elIkeLIgkan;eCIgfár ehIydutePøIg . edaykmøaMg

kemþArbs;ePøIg épÞrbs;nagEbkCa 2 cMENk . Tarkk¾GENþteLIg

edaykmøaMgbuNürbs;xøÜn ehIyFøak;cuHRtg;KMnr]s . CnTaMgLay

eTIbnaMykTarkenaHmkRbKl;[yay . kalnwgdak;namrbs;Tark

enaH yay)andak;eQµaHfa TBV³ eRBaHrYcCIviteRkayBIkarFøak;eTA

Rtg;ssreQI .


k¾kñúgéf¶EdlTarkenaHmanGayu)an 7 xYb RBHbrmsasþaman

Pikç úsgÇCabrivar esþccarikeTAkñ úgEdnmlø³ Rbfab;enAkñ úgGnubiy-

m<v½n . TBVkumareXIjRBHsasþaehIy k¾RCHføataMgGMBI)aneXIjCa

dMbUg bMNgnwgbYseTIbR)ab;yayfa {ńwgbYskñúgsmñak;rbs;RBH

TsBl} . yayeBalfa {l¥ehIyecA} ehIynaMTBVkumareTAkan;

smñak;rbs;RBHbrmsasþa RkabTUlfa {bBiRtRBHGgÁd¾ceRmIn sUm

RBHGgÁRTg;[kumarenHbBVC¢apgcuH} . RBHsasþaRTg;[sBaØadl;Pikçú

mYyrUbfa {mñalPikç ú GñkcUr[TarkenHbBVC¢a} . RBHefr³enaHsþab;

Bakürbs;RBHsasþaehIy kalnwg[TBVkumarbYs eTIbR)ab;tcbBa©-

kkmµdæan .

stVEdlsm,ÚredaybuBVehtu manGPinIharEdl)aneFVIehIy

kñúgxN³ekarsk;dMbUg k¾)antaMgenAkñúgesatabtþipl kalekarsk;

kaMbitTI 2 k¾taMgenAkñúgskTaKamipl kalkaMbitTI 3 k¾taMgenAkñúg

GnaKamipl . karekarsk;eRsc RBmKñanwgeFV I[Cak;c,as;nUvGr-

htþpl k¾ekIteLIgminmunmineRkayKña . RBHbrmsasþaRbfab;kñ úg


\riyabfCasux kñúgEdnmlø³ehIy esþck¾yageTAkan;RkúgraCRKwH

Rbfab;enAkñ úgevLúv½nmhavihar .

enAkñ úgTIenaH RBHTBVmløbutþenHsm¶MenAkñ úgTIs¶at; BicarNa

emIlkarseRmckic©rbs;xøÜn ehIybMNgnwg]TÞiskay CYyxVl;xVay

kñúgkic©rbs;sgÇ eTIbKitfa {dUcemþchñ+ eyIgKb,IRkalesnasn³

nigcat;EcgPtþaharedIm,IRBHPikçúsgÇ} elakeTIbeTAkan;smñak;rbs;

RBHsasþa ehIyRkabTUldl;karKitrbs;xøÜn . RBHbrmsasþaRTg;

RbTansaFukarehIy RTg;RbKl;tMENgRkalesnasn³ nigtMENg

GñkEckPtþ[dl;elak .

lMdab;enaH RBHbrmsasþaRTg;RBHtRmiHfa {TBVsameNrenH

taMgenAkñ úgtMENgsMxan; TaMgEdlenAekµg} eTIbeR)as[elak]b-

sm,Ta kñúgevlaEdlmanGayu)an 7 xYbb: ueNÑaH . rab;cab;taMg

BI]bsm,TaehIy RBHefr³cat;Ecgesnasn³ nigEckPikça[dl;Pikçú-

sgÇTaMgGs; EdlGaRs½ykñúgRkúgraCRKwH karEdlelakCaGñkcat;

Ecgesnasn³ )anl,Il,ajTUeTARKb;Tisfa {)anB¤fa RBHTBVmløbutþ


cat;Ecgesnasn³dl;PikçúCaRkúm² Tukkñ úgTImYyCamYyKña cat;Ecg

esnasn³kñúgTICitxøH TIq¶ayxøH ¬RKaxøH¦ PikçúNaminGaceTA)an elak

k¾naMeTAedaybJT§×} .

RKaenaH PikçúTaMgLaysUm[RBHTBVmløbutþcat;Ecgesnasn³

TaMgkñúgevla TaMgeRkAevla y:agenHfa {elakd¾manGayu elakcUr

cat;esnasn³kñ úgCIvkm<v½nvihar[BYkeyIg elakcUrcat;esnasn³

kñúgmT§kucä imiKTayv½n[BYkeyIg} GgÁxøHk¾)aneXIjbJT§×rbs;RBHTBV-

mløbutþenaHRKb;² Kña . sUm,IRBHTBVmløbutþk¾nimitþkay EdlseRmc

edaymenamyiT§i [Pikçú ¬nimiµt¦ PikçúmYyrUbdUcelak edIrnaMmuxPikçú eRbI

RmamédCaBnøWcg¥ úlfa {enHERK enHtaMg} cat;Ecgesnasn³ehIy

eTIbRtLb;mkkan;TIenArbs;xøÜn enHCaesckþIsegçbkñúgerOgenH . É

esckþIBisþarkñúgerOgenH mankñúgRBH)alIehIy . RBHbrmsasþaRTg;

eFVIehtuenHÉg[CaehtuekIt kñúgevlatmkRTg;Rbfab;enAkñúgkNþal

BYkRBHGriysgÇ RTg;EtgtaMgRBHefr³Tukkñ úgtMENgCaPikçúd¾RbesIr

¬ÉtTKÁ³¦ CagPikçúGñkcat;Ecgesnasn³ edayRBHBuT§tRmas;fa {mñal


PikçúTaMgLay TBVmløbutþ RbesIrCagPikçúsavkTaMgLayrbs;tfaKt

Gñkcat;Ecgesnasn³} .

smdUcKafaRbB½n§EdlelakeBalTukkñ úgGbTanfa¬1¦

RBHCinRsIRBHnamfa bTumutþr³ RTg;dwgc,as;

elakTaMgBYg CaRBHmunI manRBHckçú esþc)an]b,tþi

eLIgkñ úgkb,TI 100>000 GMBIkb,enH .

RBHGgÁCaGñkRtas;TUnµan eFV IstV[dwgc,as;

júa MgsBVstV[qøgvdþsgSar RTg;QøaskñúgeTsna

CaGñkrIkray RTg;júaMgRbCMuCnd¾eRcIn[qøgput)an .

RBHGgÁCaGñkGnueRKaH RTg;RbkbedayRBH

kruNa RTg;EsVgrkRbeyaCn_dl;sBVstV júaMgtirßiy

EdlmkKal;RKb;rUb [taMgnUvkñ úgbBa©sIl .

eRBaHehtudUecñH RBHsasnaeTIbGs;esckþI

GnueRKaH sUnücakBYktirß iy nigs¥atedayRBHGrhnþ

CataTibuKÁl manPaBCMnaj .

1¦ GbTan ¬bidkelx 75 TMB½r 305¦ Ca RBHTBVmløbutþefr³ dUcKña .


RBHmhamunIGgÁenaHkm<s; 58 htß manRBH

qvIvNÑl¥s¥atdUcmas manRBHlkçN³d¾RbesIr 32

Rbkar .

RKaenaHBYkstVmanGayux½y 100>000 qña M

RBHCinsIh_GgÁenaH k¾taMgRBHCnµenAedaykalRbmaN

b:ueNÑaH . RTg;júaMgRbCMuCnd¾eRcIn [qøgputvdþsgSar

eTA)an .

RKaenaH eyIgCabutþesdæI manysFM kñúgRkúg

hgSvtI cUleTAKal;RBHGgÁGñkbMPøWelak[PøW ehIy

)ansþab;RBHFm’eTsna .

eyIg)ansþab;RBHtRmas;rbs;RBHsasþa RTg;

Rtas;sresIrsavkrbs;RBHGgÁ Gñkcat;Ecgesna-

sn³[Pikç úTa MgLay k¾eBjcitþ .

eTIbeFVIGFikarcMeBaHRBHGgÁ RTg;EsVgKuNd¾FM

RBmTaMgsgÇ ehIyRkabcuHeTobRBH)aTedaysIs³


ehIyR)afñatMENgenaH .

RKaenaHÉg RBHmhavIr³GgÁenaH RTg;)anBüa-

krN_kmµrbs;eyIgTukfa esdæIbutþenH )annimnþ

RBHBuT§ RBmTaMgRBHsgÇ [qan;Gs; 7 éf¶ .

eKmanEPñkdUcRtbkQUk mancgáadUcraCsIh_

mansm,úrdUcmas RkabeTobeCIgrbs;tfaKt R)afña

tMENgd¾]tþm .

kñúgkb,TI 100>000 GMBIkb,enH RBHsasþa

RBHnamfa eKatm EdlsmÖBkñúgvgSrbs;RBH)aT

»káakraC nwgesþc]b,tþ ieLIgkñ úgelak .

esdæIbutþenH nwg)anCasavkrbs;RBHBuT§GgÁ

enaH R)akdedayeQµaHfa TBV³ CaPikçúd ¾RbesIrxag

cat;Ecgesnasn³dUcR)afña .

edaykmµEdleFVIT ukl¥ehIy nigedayectna

EdltaMgmaM eyIglHbg;ragkaymnusSehIy )an


eTAkan;sYK’Can;tavtþigS .

eyIg)anesayeTvsm,tþik ñ úgeTvelak 300

dg nig)anCaesþccRkBtþi 500 dg .

CaesþcEpndId¾FMTUlay rab;dgminGs; eRBaH

GMNacrbs;kmµenaH eyIgeTIbmanesckþIsuxkñ úgTI

RKb;kEnøg .

kñúgkb,TI 91 GMBIPTÞkb,enH RBHBuT§RTg;Ca

GñknaM RBHnamfa vibsSI GñkmanRBHenRts¥at RTg;

eXIjc,as;Fm’TaMgBYg esþc)an]b,tþieLIgehIy .

eyIgCaGñkmancitþceg¥ótcg¥l; )anniyay

bgáac;cMeBaHsavkrbs;RBHBuT§CataTibuKÁlGgÁenaH Gñk

Gs;Gasv³TaMgBYgehIy TaMgEdldwgehIyfa elak

CaGñkbrisuT§ .

ÉeyIgcab;søakehIy fVay)ayEdlcMGin

edayTwkedaHdl;RBHefr³TaMgLay GñkEsVgrkKuN


d¾FM EdlCasavkrbs;GñkekøóvkøaCagnrCn RBHGgÁ

enaHÉg .

kñúgPTÞkb,enH RBHBuT§CaepABgSénRBhµ man

ysFM RbesIrCagviBaØ ÚCn RBHnamfaksSb³ esþc

)an]b,tþ ieLIgehIy .

RBHGgÁRBmTaMgsavk RTg;júa MgsasnFm’[

rugeracn_ sgát;sgáintirß Iy_Gñke)akbeBaäat)anehIy

RTg;ENnaMevenyüstV ehIyesþcbriniBVan .

RKakalRBHelaknaf RBmTaMgsavkbriniBVan

ehIy kalsasnFm’kMBugsabsUnüGnþrFan BYk

eTvta nigmnusSnaMKñatk;søút rMsaysk; manmux

esakesAyMerobrab;fa

EkvEPñk KW RBHFmµckárlt;ehIy eyIgnwgmin

)aneXIjelakGñkmanvtþl¥TaMgLay eyIgnwgmin)an

sþab;RBHsT§mµ »hñ+ BYkeyIgCaGñkmanbuNütic .


RKaenaH EpnRbwfBITaMgGs;enH TaMgFMTaMgRkas;

)anj½rkeRkIk smuRTsaKrtk;søút TenøyMesakKYr

[GaNit .

GmnusSvaysÁrTaMg 4 Tis epøkbenÞarEdl

KYrxøacFøak;cuHedayCuMv ij ]kka)atFøak;GMBIépÞemX

páayduHknÞúy TaMgEpSg nigGNþatePøIgCaExSR)akd

TUeTA BYkRmwKERskyMd¾KYr[GaNit .

kalenaH eyIgTaMgLayCaPikçúr Ym 7 rUb

eXIj]bTÞv³d¾GaRkk; sEmþgehtufa RBHsasna

nwgsabsUnü eTIbekItesckþIsegVK KitKñafa

minmanRBHsasnaehIy minKYrEdleyIgnwg

manCIv itrs;enA eyIgTaMgLay cUrcUleTAkñ úgéRBFM

bMeBjesckþIBüayam tamBaküTUnµanrbs;RBHCin-

sIh_cuH .

kalenaH BYkeyIg)anCYbPñMfµx<s;kñúgéRB eTIb


sYeLIgPñ Mtambeg¥ag ehIyRcanbeg¥agecal .

RKaenaH RBHefr³)andas;etOneyIgfa kar

]b,tþ ieLIgénRBHBuT§rk)anlM)ak RbkarmYyeTot

sT§ak¾rk)anlM)ak ÉRBHsasnak¾enAsl;tic

GñkEdlbeNþayevla[knøgeTA nwgRtÚvFøak;

eTAkñúgsaKr KW esckþITukçminmanTIbMput eRBaHdUecñaH

BYkeyIgKYreFV IesckþIBüayam drabEdlRBHsasna

taMgenAcuH dUecñH .

RKaenaH RBHefr³enaHCaRBHGrhnþ RBHGnuefr³

)anCaRBHGnaKamI BYkeyIgd¾esseRkABIenaH CaGñk

mansIlbrisuT§ RbkbesckþIBüayam eTIb)aneTA

kan;eTvelak .

GgÁEdlqøgsgSar)anbriniBVanehIy mYyGgÁ

eTot ekItkñ úgCan;suT §avas eyIgTaMgLay KW´ 1

RBHbukáúsati 1 RBHsPiy³ 1 RBHBahiy³ 1 RBH

-151- Gdækfa Ékni)t vKÁTI 1 TBVmløbutþefrKafa T I 5

kumarksSb³ 1 ekItkñúgTIenaH² EdlRBHeKatm

brmsasþaRTg;GnueRKaH eTIbrYcputcakeRKÓgcg KW

vdþsgSar)an .

eyIgekItkñ ñ úgBYkmløkSRt kñúgRkúgkusinara

kaleyIgenAkñ úgKP’enaHÉg mata)andl;nUvkmµ eK

CYyKñaelIksrIr³eLIgkan;eCIgfár eyIgk¾Føak;cuHGMBI

eCIgfárenaH .

eRBaHFøak;cuHeTAelIKMnresµA dUecñaH eTIbR)akd

namfa TBV³ edayplénkarRbRBwtþRBhµcriy³ eyIg

manGayu 7 xYb k¾rYcputcakkiels .

edayplEdlfVay)aylayTwkedaH eyIg

eTIbCaGñkRbkbedayGgÁ 5 eday)abeRBaHeBal

eTasRBHxINaRsB eyIgeTIbRtÚvmnusSecaTeday

eRcIn .

\LÚvenH eyIgknøgbuNü nig)abTaMgBIry:ag


ehIy )anseRmcbrmsnþiFm’ CaGñkminmanGasv³ .

eyIgcat;Ecgesnasn³ [elakGñkmanvtþ

l¥TaMgLayeRtkGr RBHCinRsIRTg;eBjRBHT½ykñúg

KuuNenaH eTIbRTg;)antaMgeyIgTukkñúgdMENgénÉt-

TKÁ³ .

eyIgdutkielsTaMgLayehIy PBTaMgBYg

dk)anGs;ehIy kat;kielsCaeRKÓgcg dUcCadMr I

kat;pþac;n UvTnø Ig CaGñkminmanGasv³ .

karEdleyIg )anmkkñúgsMNak;RBHBuT§rbs;

eyIg Cakarmkl¥ehIyhñ+ eyIg)anseRmcviC¢a 3

edaylMdab; BaküTUnµanrbs;RBHBuT§ eyIgeFV IeRsc

ehIy .





sUm,IdUecñaHehIy eday)abkmµEdlelakeFV IT uk edaykar

eBalbgáac;RBHefr³CaRBHxINaRsBmYyrUbkñúgkalmun elakeTIbeqH

enAkñ úgnrkeRcInEsnqñaM edayessGMBIkmµenaHÉgdas;etOn elak

eTIbRtÚvPikçúeQµaHfa emetþyü³ nigPumµCk³ Kitxusfa BYkeyIgRtÚv

RBHefr³enH eFVI[EbkCamYyKhbtIGñkeBjcitþRbeKnrbs;l¥² eTIb

eBalbgáac;eday)araCikFm’EdlrkmUlmin)an . kalGFikarN_

enaHEdlsgÇrm¶ab;ehIyedaystivin½y RBHefr³enHkalnwgRbkas

KuNrbs;xøÜn edIm,IGnueRKaHstVelak eTIb)aneBalKafaenHfa

kalmunRBHTBVmløbutþGgÁNa CaGñkEdlbuKÁl

déTTUnµan)anedaylM)ak EteBlenH RBHTBVmlø-

butþGgÁenaH CaGñkEdlRBHsasþaRTg;)anTUnµanehIy

edaykarTUnµan CaGñksenþas qøgesckþIsgS½y

)anehIy CaGñkQñHkiels R)ascakesckþIP ½y

xøac mancitþx¢ab;x¢ Ün briniBVanehIy .

sBÞfa eya kñúgKafaenaH CaBaküR)ab;esckþImincMeBaH .


edaybT esa enH Kb,IRCabfa elaksMedAcMeBaHbuKÁl . eday

bTTaMg 2 RBHefr³eBalsMedAdl;xøÜnÉg edayeFVI[dUcCaGñkdéT .

bTfa TuTÞmeya ¬TUnµan)anlM)ak¦ esckþIfa TUnµan)anlM)ak

KW minGacedIm,InwgTUnµan)an . RBHefr³eBalbTenHTuk eRBaHKit

dl;karduteraléncitþ EdlkeRmIkedayesckþIRsvwgrbs;BYkkiels

EdlCasRtÚv KW Tidæ i nigkarmins¶b;én\®nÞ Iy_TaMgLay .

bTfa Temn ¬edaykarTUnµan¦ )andl; TUnµanedaymKÁd¾RbesIr

]tþm GFib,ayfa smKYreBal)anfa manxøÜnTUnµanehIy eRBaHmin

RtÚvTUnµaneTot minEmnTUnµanedaypøÚvdéT .

mü:ageTot bTfa Temn esckþIfa EdlRBHmanRBHPaKRTg;Ca

sarfITUnµanbursEdlKYrTUnµan TUnµanehIy . bTfa TeBVa esµIKña

nwg RTeBüa esckþIfa smKYr . eRBaHehtuenaH RBHmanRBHPaKRTg;

sMedAdl;RBHefr³enHÉg eTIbRtas;Tukfa {TBV³ GñkEdlQøasrEmg

minedaHRsaykarecaTRbkan;y:agenH} .

bTfa snþúsieta ¬CaGñksenþas¦ n½yfa senþasehIyeday

-155- Gdækfa Ékni)t vKÁTI 1 TBVmløbutþefrKafa T I 5

senþaskñúgbc©½y tammantam)an edaysenþaskñúgQansmabtþi

nigedaysenþaskñúgmKÁpl . bTfa vitiNÑkegça ¬qøgesckþIsgS½y

)anehIy¦ esckþIfa eQµaHfa manesckþIsgS½yR)aseTAehIy

edayesckþIsgS½ykñúgvtßú 16 nigkñúgvtßú 8 eRBaHdkesckþIsgS½y

)anehIy edaybzmmKÁenaHÉg .

bTfa viCitav I ¬CaGñkQñHkiels¦ esckþIfa eQµaHfa QñH

ehIy eRBaHQñH KW kMcat;)anehIy nUvFm’EdlCacMENkénsgái-

elsTaMgGs; EdlbursCatiGaCaenyü Kb,IQñH .

bTfa GebtePreva ¬R)ascakesckþIP½yxøac¦ esckþIfa eQµaH

fa R)ascakesckþIP½yxøac KW eQµaHfa R)ascakP½y eRBaHP½y

25 y:ag R)aseTAehIyedayRbkarTaMgBYg . bTfa TeBVa CaBakü

kMNt;eQµaHdEdleTot .

kñúgbTfa briniBVúeta ¬rlt;sñiT§ehIy¦ enH briniBVanman 2

KW kielsbriniBVan Edl)andl; s])aTiessniBVanFatu 1 xn§bri-

niBVan Edl)andl;Gnu)aTiessniBVanFatu 1 . kñúg 2 y:agenaH kñúg

KafaenH elaksMedAykkielsbriniBVan eRBaHdUecñaH eTIb)anesckþI


fa eQµaHfa briniBVanehIyedaykielsbriniBVan eRBaHbhatBVFm’

¬Fm’EdlKYrlH¦ EdlmKÁlH)anehIyedaysmuecäT .

bTfa zitetþa ¬mancitþtaMgmaM¦ esckþIfa CaGñkmancitþnwgFwg

KW minjab;j½r )andl; minkeRmIkedayelakFm’TaMgLay eRBaHdl;

PaBCaGñknwgFwgkñ úg\dæarmµN_CaedIm . sBÞfa hi Cani)atcuHkñ úg

Gtßénehtu . edayni)at hi enaH bBa¢ Únn½yfa eRBaHehtuEdl

kalmun RBHTBVmløbutþCaGñkEdlbuKÁldéTTUnµan)anlM)ak Etelak

EdlRBHsasþaRTg;TUnµan eRBaHkarTUnµanedaymKÁd¾]tþm k¾eTACaGñk

senþas qøgesckþIsgS½y)anehIy CaGñkQñHkiels R)ascak

esckþItk;søút dUecñaH RBHTBVmløbutþenaH eTIbrMlt;kiels)an

ehIy nigtGMBIenaHk¾CaGñkmancitþtaMgmaM eFVIcitþ[RCHføakñúgbriniBVan

enaH minEmneFVIcitþ[RCHføaCay:agdéT eRBaHdUecñaH RBHefr³kalnwg

GnueRKaHBYkstV EdlGñkdéTENnaM[Rtas;dwg)an eTIb)anBüakrN_

Grhtþpl .

cb;Gdækfa TBVmløbutþetßrKafaTI 5

3

-157- Gdækfa Ékni)t vKÁTI 1 smÖÚtefrKafa TI 6

Gdðkza smÖÚtezrKazaTI 6‘1’

[7] eya sItvnM ])aKa Pikç ú

Éeka snþúsieta smahitetþa

viCitavI GebtelamhMesa

rkç M kayKtastw FItimati .

PikçúNa CabuKÁlmñak;Ég cUleTAkan;éRBRtCak; Ca

Gñksenþas mancitþx¢ab;x¢Ün manC½yCMnH R)ascak

esckþIRBWeram ¬Pikç úenaHeQµaHfa¦ manR)aCJa rkSa

kayKtasti .

B¤fa sItvniyetßrmanGayu ¬)aneBal¦ edayRbkardUecñH .

Kafarbs;RBHsmÖÚtetßr manBaküepþ Imfa Pikç úNaeTAkan;éRB

sItv½n . erOgmanmkdUcemþc?

)anB¤fa rab;fyeRkayGMBIenHeTA 118 kb,¬2¦ RBHsmµasm<úT§

RBHnamfa GtßTsSI esþc]b,tþieLIgehIykñúgelak júaMgBBYkstV-

1¦ bidk = sItvniyefrKafa . manesckþIxusKñaRtg; kb, ¬bidk 1>800 kb, / 1>300 kb,¦ .


elakRBmTaMgeTvelak[qøgGnøg;TwkFM KW sgSar . éf¶mYy esþc

yageTAdl;RcaMgTenøKgÁa RBmedayPikç úsgÇBYkFM . kñúgRKaenaH

RBHefr³enHekItkñ úgRtkUlKhbtI CYbRBHd¾manRBHPaKRtg;mat;RcaMg

TenøKgÁaenaH mancitþRCHføa cUleTAKal;ehIyfVaybgÁM RkabTUlfa

{bBiRtRBHGgÁd¾ceRmIn RBHGgÁmanBuT§bMNgqøgeTAkan;eRtIyxagnay

b¤RBHGgÁ?} RBHmanRBHPaK)anRtas;fa {tfaKtnwg ¬qøg¦ eTA} .

eKeTIbcat;EcgTUk begáanfVaykñúgrMeBcenaHÉg . RBHbrmsasþakal

nwgRTg;GnueRKaHeK eTIbRBmedayPikçúsgÇ esþccuHkan;TUkehIy .

eKGMuTUkqøgeTAedayxøÜnÉg júaMgRBHmanRBHPaK nigPikçúsgÇ[dl;

eRtIynayedaysYsþI ehIyfVaymhaTankñúgéf¶TI 2 tambBa¢Únesþc

eTAedaycitþRCHføa fVaybgÁMRBHbrmsasþaehIy k¾RtLb; .

edaybuBaØkmµenaH eKRtac;rgÁat;eTAkñ úgeTvta nigmnusSTaMg

Lay rab;GMBIPTÞkb,enHfyeRkayeTA 113 kb, ekItkñúgRtkUl

kSRt )anCaesþccRkBtþiFmµikraC esþcjúaMgstþnikr[taMgenAkñúgpøÚv

énsuKti cuticakmnusSelakenHehIy bYskñúgsasnarbs;RBHman-


RBHPaKRBHnamfa vibsSI kñ úgkb,TI 91 smTanFutFm’ ¬Fm’ KW

FutgÁ³¦ bMeBjsmNFm’enAkñúgéRBexµac . sUm,Ikñ úgkalrbs;RBH

manRBHPaKRBHnamfa ksSb³ eKk¾ecjbYsRBmTaMgsMLaj; 3 nak;

kñúgsasnarbs;RBHGgÁeTot ehIybMeBjsmNFm’rhUtGs; 2 muWn

qñaM Rtac;rgÁat;eTAkñúgeTvta nigmnusSTaMgLayGs;mYyBuT§nþr kñúgBuT§-

b,aTkalenH ekItCabutþrbs;RBahµN_mhasal kñúgRkúgraCRKwH .

CnTaMgLaydak;eQµaH[eKfa smÖÚt³ . eKceRmInv½yehIy sikSa

cb;kñ úgsil,sa®sþrbs;RBahµN_TaMgLay . eK)aneTAkan;smñak;

rbs;RBHmanRBHPaK RBmTaMgsMLaj;TaMg 3 KW PUmiC³ eCyüesn³

nigGPiraFn³ sþab;RBHFmµeTsnaehIy )anekItkarRCHføa eTIbecj

bYs EdlRBHFmµsgÁahkacarüTaMgLaysMedAyk eBalTukfa

maNBTaMg 4 enH KW PUmiC³ 1 eCyüesn³ 1

smÖÚt³ 1 GPiraFn³ 1 )anRtas;dwgFm’kñúgsasna

rbs;RBHmanRBHPaKd¾RbesIr nigCataTibuKÁl dUecñH .

RKaenaH RBHsmÖÚtefr³ eronkayKtastikmµdæan kñ úgsmñak;


rbs;RBHmanRBHPaK enAkñúgéRBsItv½nCaRbcaM . eRBaHehtuenaHÉg

elakeTIbmannamR)akdfa {sItvniy³} . k¾edaysm½yenaH esþc

evsSv½NmharaCesþceTAtampøÚvGakas eq<aHmuxeTAkan;TisTkSiN

kñúgCm<ÚTV Ib TtRBHenRteXIjRBHefr³GgÁúykñúgkNþalval mnsikar

kmµdæan eTIbcuHGMBIviman ¬rf¦ nmsáarRBHefr³ ehIybBa¢ ÚnykS

2 nak;fa {ebIRBHefr³ecjcaksmaFikñúgevlaNa kñúgevlaenaHGñk

cUrR)ab;[elakRCabfa eyIgmk nigcUrfVayGarkçaRBHefr³pg} .

ehIyesþcecosecjeTA .

ykS 2 nak;enaH QrenAkñúgTICitRBHefr³ kñ úgevlaEdlRBH

efr³elIkmnsikarGgÁúyehIy )anR)ab;esckþIenaH . RBHefr³sþab;

BaküenaHehIy eBalfa {cUrRkabTUlesþcevsSv½NmharaC tam

Bakürbs;Gatµa FmµtaGarkça KW sti EdlRBHmanRBHPaKRTg;taMg

Tuk sRmab;GñktaMgenAkñ úgsasnarbs;RBHGgÁenaH² Ég nwgrkSa

buKÁlEdldUcCaGatµa GñkcUrelIkcitþkñ úgGarkçaenaH kic©EdlnwgKb,I

eFV IedayGarkçadUecñH rEmgminman dl;GñkEdltaMgenAkñ úg»vaTrbs;


RBHmanRBHPaK} [ykS 2 nak;RtLb;eTA ceRmInvibsSnaehIy

eFV I[Cak;c,as;nUvBYk 3 énviC¢a kñ úgrMeBcenaHÉg .

lMdab;enaH esþcevsSv½NRtLb;mk cUleTArkRBHefr³ dwg

fa elakseRmcRBHGrhtþehIy edaykarsegátTwkmux eTIbesþc

eTAkan;RkúgsavtßI RkabTUlRBHmanRBHPaK kalnwgsresIrRBHefr³

cMeBaHRBHP®kþRBHsasþa eTIbBN’naKuNrbs;RBHefr³ edayKafaenH

fa

RBHsmÖÚtefr³ sm,ÚredaystiCaeRKÓgrkSa

manbBaØa RbkbedayesckþIBüayam CaBuT§Cienars

manviC¢a 3 qøgeRtIyénmc©ú)anehIy .


k¾RBHmanRBHPaKRBHnamfa GtßTsSI RTg;Ca

cmRbCa RTg;Gg;GacCagnrCn EhhmedayRBHsavk

TaMgLay esþceTAkan;eRtIyTenøKgÁa .

TenøKgÁamanTwkeBjeRBóbRcaMg lµmEk¥k»n

1¦ GbTan ¬bidkelx 73 TMB½r 139¦ Ca RBHtrNiyetßr .


pwk)an qøg)anlM)ak eyIgnaMRBHBuT§RTg;x<s;Cag

stV nigPikç úsgÇqøgRcaMg .

kñúgkb,TI 118 GMBIkb,enH eyIg)aneFVIkmµ

NaTukkñúgRKaenaH eRBaHkmµenaH eyIgminEdlsÁal;

TuKÁtieLIy enHCaplénkarnaMRBHBuT§qøg .

kñúgkb,TI 113 GMBIkb,enH eyIg)anCaesþc

cRkBtþi 5 dg RTg;RBHnamfaseBVaPv³ RTg;bribUN_

edayEkv 7 Rbkar manBlanuPaBeRcIn .

ÉkñúgPBcugeRkay eyIg)anekItkñ úgRtkUl

RBahµN_ bYskñúgsasnarbs;RBHsasþa RBmeday

sMLaj; 3 nak; .

eyIgdutkielsTaMgLayehIy .eb. Bakü


RKaenaH RBHsmÖÚt³ eXIjPikçúTaMgLayedIrpøÚveTAKal;RBHman

RBHPaK eTIbeBalfa {elakd¾manGayu elakTaMgLaycUrfVaybgÁM


RBH)aTrbs;RBHmanRBHPaK tamBakürbs;eyIgpg nigcUrRkabTUl

y:agenH} kalnwgR)ab;[RCabfa elakmin)aneFVIRBHsasþa[lM)ak

eRBaHehtuénFm’ eTIbeBalKafafa Pikç úNaeTAkan;éRBsItv½nehIy

CaedIm .

Pikç úTaMgenaHcUleTAKal;RBHmanRBHPaK fVaybgÁMehIy kal

nwgRkabTUl[RTg;RCabdl;sasn_rbs;RBHsmÖÚtefr³ eTIbRkabTUl

fa {bBiRtRBHGgÁd¾ceRmIn RBHsmÖÚt³ sUmfVaybgÁMRBH)aTrbs;RBH

manRBHPaK nigRkabTUly:agenH} ehIyRkabTUlesckþIenaH . RBH

manRBHPaKRTg;sþab;BaküenaHehIy )anRtas;fa {mñalPikçúTaMgLay

smÖÚt³CabNÐit bdibtþ iFm’smKYrdl;Fm’ nigminebotebontfaKt

eRBaHehtuénFm’ esþcevsSv½N)anR)ab;erOgr:avrbs;smÖÚt³enaHdl;

tfaKtehIy} . k¾PikçúTaMgenaHRkabTUlKafaEdlRBHsmÖÚtefr³eBal

cMeBaHRBHsasþadUecñHfa

Pikç úNaeTAkan;éRBsItv½nehIy PikçúenaHCaGñkenAEt

mñak;Ég senþas mancitþx¢ab;x¢ Ün CaGñkQñHkiels


R)ascakkarRBWeram manR)aCJa rkSakayKtasti

dUecñH .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa sItvnM ¬éRBRtCak;¦ )andl; éRB

ecalsaksBEdl)aneQµaHy:agenH EdlKYrxøac CaéRBFM ¬enA¦ Cit

RkúgraCRKwH .

bTfa ])aKa ¬eTAkan;¦ )andl; cUldl;ehIy edaykan;yk

CaTIenA . edaybTfa ])aKa enH elaksEmþgdl;TICaTIGaRs½y

enA EdlsmKYrdl;bBVCit EdlRBHmanRBHPaKRTg;GnueRKaHehIy .

bTfa Pikçú ¬Pikçú¦ esckþIfa eQµaHfa Pikçú eRBaHCaGñkeXIj

P½ykñúgsgSar nigeRBaHTmøaykiels)anehIy . bTfa Éeka ¬Ca

GñkenAEtmñak;Ég¦ esckþIfa minmansMLaj;CaKRmb; 2 . eday

bTfa Éeka enH elaksEmþgdl;kayvievk .

bTfa snþúsieta esµIKñanwg snþúedæa ¬Gñksenþas¦ . eday

bTfa snþúsieta enH elaksEmþgdl;GriyvgS EdlmanesckþI

senþaskñúgbc©½y 4 CalkçN³ .


bTfa smahitetþa ¬mancitþx¢ab;x ¢ Ün¦ esckþIfa mancitþtaMg

maMehIyedaysmaFi EdlEckCa]bcarsmaFi nigGb,nasmaFi .

edaybTfa smahitetþa enH elaksEmþgdl;GriyvgSEdlmanPavna

CaTIrIkray edaymanvievkPavnaCaRbFan .

bTfa viCitavI ¬CaGñkQñHkiels¦ esckþIfa QñHBYkkiels

EdlRBHeyaKavcrKb,IQñH edaykarbdibtþ iRbéBkñúgRBHsasþa .

edaybTfa viCitavI enH elaksEmþgdl;]bFivievk . PikçúeQµaHfa

GebtelamhMesa ¬R)ascakkarRBWeram¦ eRBaHmankielsEdlCa

ehtuénP½yR)aseTAehIy . edaybTfa GebtelamhMesa enH

elaksMEdgdl;plénsmµabdibtþ i .

bTfa rkç M ¬rkSa¦ )andl; rkSaehIy .

bTfa kayKtastw ¬kayKtasti¦ )andl; stimankay

CaGarmµN_ KW minlHbg;kayKtastikmµdæan edayGMNacénkar

kBUnTuk .

bTfa FItima )andl; GñkmanbBaØa . bTfa FItima ¬man


bBaØa¦ enH sEmþgdl;vtþbdibtþiTak;TgCamYyPaBEdlxøÜnmancitþtaMg

maM b¤manC½yCmñHR)akdehIy .

kñúgKafaenH manesckþIsegçbdUecñH PikçúenaH cUleTAkan;éRB

sItv½nmñak;Ég edayR)afñaesckþIsuxEdlekItGMBIvievk nigcUleTA

ehIyk¾CaGñksenþas eRBaHminmansPaBeLHeLaH manbBaØa man

kayKtasti ceRmInkmµdæan eFVIQanEdlxøÜnseRmcehIyy:agenaH

[Ca)aT xVl;xVaykñúgvibsSnaEdlxøÜnR)arB§ehIy mancitþx¢ab;x¢ Ün

edaymKÁd¾RbesIrEdlxøÜn)anseRmcehIy nigQñHkiels)anehIy

eQµaHfa CaGñkR)ascakkarRBWeramRBWEs,k eRBaHmanehtuénP½y

eTAR)asehIy edayRbkarTaMgBYg eRBaHeFVIkiels)anseRmcehIy

dUecñH .

cb;Gdækfa smÖÚtefrKafaTI 6

3

-167- Gdækfa Ékni)t vKÁTI 1 PløiyefrKafa TI 7

Gdðkza PløiyezrKazaTI 7

[8] eya )anuTi mc©úraCsS esnM

nLestuMv suTuBVlM mehaeXa

viCitavI GebtePreva hi

Tenþa esa briniBVúeta zitetþati .

buKÁlNa kMcat;bg;nUvesnaénmc©ú dUcCaCMnn;d¾FM

kMcat;bg;nUvs<anbbus Edlmankmøa Mgfy CaGñk

manC½yCMnH R)ascakesckþItk;søút buKÁlenaH

eQµaHfa man\®nÞ iyTUnµanehIy mancitþx¢ab;x¢ Ün

rMlt;TukçehIy .

B¤fa PløiyetßrmanGayu ¬)aneBal¦ edayRbkardUecñH .

Kafarbs;RBHPløiyetßr epþ Imfa CnNakMcat;esnaénmc©úraC

)an . erOgekIteLIgdUcemþc?

)anB¤fa RBHefr³enH kñúgkb,TI 31 GMBIPTÞkb,enH kalRBH

BuT§RTg;minTan;]b,tþ ieLIg CaGñkmancitþRCHføa)anfVayplapldl;


RBHbec©kBuT§ RBHnamfa sumn³ Rtac;rgÁat;EtkñúgsuKtiPBTaMgLay

b:ueNÑaH ekItkñ úgRtkUlstßvah³ kñúgRkúgGruNvtI kñ úgkalrbs;RBH

manRBHPaKRBHnamfa sixI )anB¤fa butþQµÜj 2 nak; maneQµaH

fa ]bCit³ nig]Cit³ )anfVayGaharRKadMbUgcMeBaHRBHmanRBHPaK

RBHnamfa sixI Edl)anRtas;dwgfµ I² eTIbcUleTAKal;RBHmanRBH-

PaK mYyGenø IedaysMLaj;rbs;xø Ün fVaybgÁMehIy TUlGaraFna

edIm,IesayRBHRkyaharkñúgéf¶Es¥k fVaymhaTanehIy taMgesckþI

R)afñafa {bBiRtRBHGgÁd¾ceRmIn ´RBHGgÁTaMg 2 Kb,ICaGñk)anfVay

GaharRKadMbUgdl;RBHBuT§EdldUcCaRBHGgÁ kñúgGnaKtkalpgcuH} .

CnTaMg 2 eFVIbuBaØkmµkñúgPBenaH² ehIy vilvl;eTAkñúgeTvta

nigmnusSTaMgLay . kñúgkalénRBHksSbsmµasm<úT§ ekItCabutþ

esdæICaGñkciBa©wmeKa )anCabgb¥ÚnnwgKña . kñúgBuT§úb,aTkalenH bg

b¥Ún 2 nak;enaH bgeQµaH tbusS³ b¥ÚneQµaH Pløiy³ . eKTaMg 2

pÞúkrbs;eBjreTH 500 edIrpøÚveTACYj kalRBHmanRBHPaKRtas;dwg

smµasem<aFiBaØaNfµI² RTg;sm¶MGs; 7 s)þah_ edaykarBicarNaFm’


KW suxEdlekItGMBIvimutþ i . kñ úgs)þah_TI 8 kalRBHd¾manRBHPaK

RTg;Rbfab;enAkñúgRtg;edImEks BYkeKedIrpøÚvmktampøÚvFM dl;CitedIm

Eks kñúgsm½yenaH reTHrbs;eKminRBmeTAmux sUm,Ikñ úgPUmiPaK

EdlrabesµI minmanCgðúk minmanPk; kalQñÜj 2 nak;bgb¥Ún

Kitfa {ehtuGV Ihñ+} eTvtaEdlFøab;Cajatisaelahit eTIbsEmþgxøÜn

kñ úgcenøaHRbKabeQI R)ab;fa {GñknirTukç RBHmanRBHPaKRBHGgÁenH

Rtas;dwgRBHsem<aFiBaØaN)anminyUr min)anesayRBHRkyahar

Gs; 7 s)þah_ esayEtvimutþisux Rbfab;Kg;enAeRkamedImEks

karEdlGñkTaMg 2 beg¥anGaharnaMcUleTAfVayRBHGgÁenaH nwgKb,I

RbRBwtþeTAedIm,IRbeyaCn_ nigesckþIsux dl;GñkTaMgLayGs;kal

yUr} .

QµÜj 2 nak;bgbÚ¥n sþab;BaküenaHehIy ekItbItiesamnsS

éRkElg dwgfa karerobcMGaharCakaryWtyUr eTIbfVaysdUvpg; nig

sdUvduM cMeBaHRBHmanRBHPaK dl;eTVvaciksrNKmn_ ¬dl;rtn³ 2

fa CasrN³¦ )anRBHeksFatuehIyk¾edIrpøÚvteTA . QñÜjTaMg 2


enaH )anCa])askmunGñkdéT .

kalRBHmanRBHPaK esþceTAkan;RkúgBaraNsI RbkasFmµ-

cká Rbfab;enAkñúgRkúgraCRKwHtamlMdab; tbusS³ nigPløiy³ eTAkan;

RkúgraCRKwH cUleTAKal;RBHmanRBHPaK fVaybgÁMehIy GgÁúykñúg

cMENkmçag . RBHmanRBHPaK RTg;sEmþgFm’dl;eK . kñúgQñÜj

2 nak;enaH tbusS³taMgenAkñúgesatabtþipl )anCa])ask cMENk

Pløiy³bYsehIy )anCaGñkmanGPiBaØa 6 .

smdUcKafaB½n§EdlelakeBalTukkñ úgGb,Tanfa¬1¦

RKaenaH RBHsmµasm<úT§RBHnamfa sumn³ RTg;

Rbfab;enAkñ úgRBHnKrtkára eyIg)ankan;ykEpøeQI

eQµaH vløikar³ fVaycMeBaHRBHsmµasm<úT § .

kñ úgkb,TI 31 GMBIPTÞkb,enH eyIg)anfVay

EpøeQINa kñúgkalenaH edaykarfVayEpøeQIenaH

eyIgminEdlsÁal;TuKÁtieLIy enHCaplénkarfVay

EpøeQI .

1¦ GbTan ¬bidkelx 75 TMB½r 149¦ Ca RBHvløikarplTayketßr .


eyIgdutkielsTaMgLayehIy .l. Bakü


kñúgéf¶mYy marsEmþgrUbragKYrxøac edIm,I[RBHPløiyetßr³

P½yxøac . RBHefr³kalnwgRbkasPaBEdlxøÜnrYcputkarP½yxøac)an

TaMgGs;ehIy eTIb)anPasitKafaTuky:agenHfa

CnNakm©at;esnaénmc©úraC)an dUcCaCMnn;

TwkFM km©at;bg;nUvs<anbbus EdlminrwgmaM CnenaH

cat;fa CaGñkQñHkiels R)ascakesckþItk;søút man

xøÜnEdlTUnµanehIy mancitþx¢ab;x¢Ün rMlt;sñiT§ehIy .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa eya)anuTi ¬CnNakMcat;¦ esckþIfa

GñkNakMcat; KW bnSat;eTA KW lH)anehIy )andl; kMcat;ehIy .

kñúgbTfa mc©úraCsS ¬énmc©úraC¦ esckþIsøab; eQµaHfa mc©ú )andl;

karEbkFøayénxn§TaMgLay . k¾mc© úenaHÉg eQµaHfa raCa eRBaH

Gtßfa CaFM eRBaHjúaMgstVTaMgLay[RbRBwtþeTAkñúgGMNacrbs;xø Ün

eRBaHdUecñaHeTIbeQµaHfa mc©úraC . énmc©úraCenaH .


kñúgbTfa esnM ¬esna¦ eQµaHfa esna eRBaHkarcas; nig

eraKCaedIm enAkñ úgGMNacrbs;mc©úenaH eRBaHehtuenaH mc©úraCenaH

elakeTIbehAfa manesnaFM eRBaHmanesnaeRcInsn§wksn§ab; .

smdUcEdlRtas;Tukfa {nwgtTl;CamYymc©úraC GñkmanesnaeRcIn

min)aneLIy} .

mü:ageTot eTvbutþmar elakbMNgykfa Camc©ú kñúgKafaenH

eRBaHGtßfa smøab;nUvKuN KW esckþIl¥ . nigkamCaedIm elak

bMNgykfa Caesna eRBaHcUldl;PaBCasMLaj;nwgmc©úraCenaH .

smdUcRBHmanRBHPaKRtas;Tukfa

kamTaMgLay tfaKteBalfa CaesnaTI 1

rbs;Cn karmineRtkGr tfaKteBalfa CaesnaTI

2 rbs;Cn esckþIeRsk nigXøan tfaKteBalfa

CaesnaTI 3 rbs;Cn .

tNðatfaKteBalfa CaesnaTI 4 rbs;Cn

fInmiT§³ tfaKteBalfa CaesnaTI 5 rbs;Cn


esckþIP½yxøac tfaKteBalfa CaesnaTI 6 rbs;

Cn esckþIsgS½y tfaKteBalfa CaesnaTI 7

rbs;Cn karlubKuN nigkarrwgt¥wg tfaKteBal

fa CaesnaTI 8 rbs;Cn .

bTfa nLestuMv suTuBVlM mehaeXa ¬dUcCMnn;TwkFMkMcat;

s<aneQIbbusEdlminrwgmaM¦ enH RbkbesckþIfa buKÁlNakMcat;

ehIy KW QñHehIy nUvesna KW sgáiels EdleQµaHfa minrwgmaM

eRBaHminmankmøaMgeRcIn dUcCaCMnn;TwkFMkMcat;s<aneQIbbus eRBaH

R)ascakxøwm edaymKÁd¾RbesIr dUcCMnn;TwkFM eRBaHelakutþrFm’TaMg

9 mankmøaMgeRcIn CnenaHcat;fa CaGñkQñHkiels R)ascakkar

P½yxøac manxøÜnEdlTUnµanehIy mancitþx¢ab;x¢ Ün rlt;sñiT §ehIy .

marsþab;BaküenaHehIy Kitfa {smN³sÁal;eyIg} eTIb)at;

eTAkñ úgTIenaHÉg .

cb;Gdækfa PløiyefrKafaTI 7

3


Gdðkza vIrezrKazaTI 8

[9] eya TuTÞmeya Temn Tenþa FIera¬1¦ snþúsieta vitiNÑkegça

viCitavI GebtelamhMesa

vItraeKa briniBVúeta zitetþati .

vIera efera .

PikçúNa EdleKTUnµanedayRk Et)anTnµanxøÜnÉg

edaykarTUnµan ¬\®nÞiy¦ CaGñkR)aCJ mancitþsenþas

qøgputesckþIsgS½y manC½yCMnH R)askcakesckþI

RBWeram PikçúenaHR)ascakraK³ mancitþx¢ab;x¢Ün rMlt;

TukçehIy .

Kafarbs;RBHvIrefr³ epþ Imfa kalmun CnNaCaGñkEdl

buKÁldéTTUnµan)anlM)ak¦ . erOgekIteLIgy:agNa?

)anB¤fa kñúgkb,TI 91 GMBIPTÞkb,enH elakCaGñkEfrkSa

1- Bakü FIera c,ab;qdæ nigc,ab;Gg;eKøs Ca vIera / kñúgGdækfak¾eRbI vIera Edr .

-175- Gdækfa Ékni)t vKÁTI 1 v IrefrKafa TI 8

sßanTIRbfab;rbs;RBHmanRBHPaKRBHnamfa vibsSI . eRkaymkéf¶

mYy elaknaMpáaKnÞI>s EdlmanlkçN³RsedognwgpáaKKIxSac; mk

bUCaRBHmanRBHPaK . edaybuBaØkmµenaH elakvilvl;eTAkñúgeTvta

nigmnusSTaMgLay ehIyekItkñ úgRtkUlkSRt kñúgkb,TI 35 GMBI

PTÞkb,enH )anCaesþccRkBtþiRBHnamfa mhabtab³ . esþcRTg;

esayraCsm,tþiedayFm’Canic© júaMgBBYkstV[taMgenAkñ úgpø ÚvsYK’

)anmkekItCaesdæImansm,tþieRcIn kñúgkalénRBHmanRBHPaKksSb³

tmkkñúgkb,enH bMeBjTandl;CnkMRBa nigGñkedIrpøÚvq¶ayCaedIm

)anfVay)aypSMedayTwkedaHcMeBaHsgÇ elakbMeBjkgkarkusl

EdlseRmcedayTan nigsnSMbuNüdéTeTotedIm,IRBHniBVan kñúgPB

enaH² dUcBN’namkenH ehIyRtac;rgÁat;eTAkñúgeTvta nigmnusSTaMg

Lay . kñúgBuT§b,aTkalenH ekItkñ úgRtkUlGamatürbs;RBH)aT

besnTiekasl kñúgRkúgsavtßI CnTaMgLaydak;eQµaHfa vIr³ .

elakceRmInv½yehIy RbkbedayKuNTaMgLay manesckþI

sm,ÚredayBl³ nigPaBQøasévCaedIm smdUceQµaHEdldak;[


CaGñkkøahankñúgs®gÁam kalmatabitarkPriya[ tamkarRBmeRBóg

Kñamk elakk¾)anbutþmñak; eRBaHehtuénbuBVkmµdak;etOn eXIjeTas

kñúgkamTaMgLay nigkñúgsgSar ekItesckþItk;søút bYsehIy man

esckþIBüayam )anCaGñkmanGPiBaØa 6 kñúgevlaminyUreLIy .

smdUcKafaB½n§EdleBalTukkñ úgGb,Tanfa¬1¦

eyIgCaGñkrkSaRBHGaram rbs;RBHmanRBHPaK

RBHnamfa vibsSI )ankan;ykpáaKKIxSac;eTAbUCaRBH

BuT§ .

kñ úgkb,TI 91 GMBIPTÞkb,enH eyIg)anbUCa

RBHBuT§ edaypáaeQINa eRBaHkarbUCaenaH eyIg

minEdlsÁal;TuKÁtieLIy enHCaplénBuT§bUCa .

kñúgkb,TI 35 GMBIPTÞkb,enH eyIg)anCaesþc

cRkBtþimYyGgÁ mannamfa mhabtab³ CaFMkñúgBYk

Cn manBl³eRcIn .


1¦ GbTan ¬bidkelx 73 TMB½r 140¦ Ca RBHniKÁ úNÐ ibubö iyetßr .



k¾Priyacas; ¬rbs;elak¦ bMNgnwg[RBHefr³ EdlseRmc

RBHGrhtþ GñkenAedayesckþIsuxEdlekItGMBIplsmabtþiy:agenH

swk eTIbBüayamlYgelamedayviFIepSg² minelaHeBl éf¶mYy

)aneTAkan;TIsñak;kñ úgevlaéf¶rbs;elak epþImsEmþgmayaRsI man

])aykl®sþICaedIm . lMdab;enaH RBHvIr³Kitfa {®sþIenHCabuKÁl

l¶g;exøA bMNgnwglYgelameyIg ]bmadUcCamanbMNg[PñMsienru

keRmIkjab;j½r edayxül;søabrbs;stVmUsdUecñaH} kalnwgsEmþg

fa kareFV Irbs;RsIenaHminmanRbeyaCn_ eTIb)anPasitKafafa

kalmun CnNaEdleKTUnµan)anlM)ak Et

\LÚvenH CnenaHEdlRBHmanRBHPaK RTg;TUnµan)an

l¥ehIy CaGñkekøóvkøa manesckþIsenþas qøgesckþI

sgS½y)anehIy CaGñkQñHkiels R)ascakkarRBW

eram R)ascakraK³ mancitþx¢ab;x¢Ün rlt;sñiT§ehIy .

bNþabTTaMgenaH n½yrbs;bTTaMgLayfa kalmun CnNa


CaGñkEdlbuKÁldéTTUnµan)anlM)ak CaedIm éBalTukkñ úgxagedIm

Gs;ehIy . cMENkBakü ¬EdlnwgeBalteTA¦ enH RtwmEtCaBakü

GFib,ayesckþIRbkbkñúgKafaenH .

kalmun CnNaeQµaHfa CaGñkEdlbuKÁldéTTUnµan)aneday

lM)ak eRBaHenAmankielsEdlminTan;)anlH b¤eRBaHEdlsRtÚv

TaMgLayminGacb®gáab)an KW edIm,InwgQñHkñ úgcm,aMg)an Et\LÚv

enH buKÁlenaHEdlRBHmanRBHPaK RTg;TUnµanRBHGgÁehIy RTg;TUnµan

ehIyedayFm’CaeRKÓgTUnµand¾]tþm eQµaHfa CaGñkekøóvkøa eRBaHdl;

RBmedayesckþIBüayam KW smµb,Fan 4 y:ag CaGñkmanesckþI

senþas qøgesckþIsgS½y)anehIy CaGñkQñHkiels R)ascak

esckþIRBWeram CaGñkR)aCJ )annamfavIr³ eQµaHfa rlt;sñiT §ehIy

eRBaHrlt;kiels)anedayminmancMENksl; bnÞab;GMBIenHeTA k¾

CaGñkmancitþx¢ab;x¢Ün CndUcnagsUm,I 100 nak; 1>000 nak; k¾eFVI

[jab;j½rmin)an .

RsIenaHsþab;BaküenaHehIy Kitfa {kalRBHefr³EdlCasVamI


rbs;eyIg bdibtþi)anehIydUecñH karenARKb;RKgpÞHrbs;eyIgnwgman

RbeyaCn_GVI} ekItesckþIsegVK eTIbbYskñúgsmñak;rbs;PikçúnITaMgLay

)anviC¢a 3 kñúgevlaminyUreLIy .

cb;Gdækfa vIrefrKafaTI 8

3


Gdðkza bilinÞvcäezrKazaTI 9

[10] sVaKtM nabKtM nyiTM Tumµnþ it M mm

bviPetþsu Femµsu yM esdæM tTu)aKminþ i .

dMeNIrénGatµaGjmkl¥ehIy minEmnR)ascak

¬bBaØa¦ eT esckþIK it rbs;GatµaGjenaH minEmn

CakarKitxuseT eRBaHGatµaGj )anseRmcKuNd¾

RbesIrenaH kñ úgFm’TaMgLay EdlRBHmanRBHPaK

RTg;EckTukehIy .

bilin Þvcäetßr³ .

Kafarbs;RBHbilinÞvcäetßr epþImfa karEdleyIgmkkan;smñak;

rbs;RBHsasþaenH . erOgekIteLIgy:agNa?

)anB¤fa RBHefr³enHekItkñ úgRtkUlmanePaK³eRcInenAkñ úgRkúg

hgSvtI kñúgkalrbs;RBHBuT§RBHnamfa bTumutþr³ sþab;Fm’kñúgsmñak;

rbs;RBHsasþa edayn½ydUceBalmkGMBImunehIyenaHÉg eXIj

RBHsasþaRTg;EtgtaMgPikç úmYyrUb Tukkñ úgtMENgénPikç úd ¾RbesIr kñ úg

-181- Gdækfa Ékni)t vKÁTI 1 bilinÞvcäefrKafa TI 9

PaBCaTIRsLaj; CaTIeBjcitþéneTvtaTaMgLay eTIbR)afñatMENg

enaH ehIybMeBjkuslrhUtdl;Gs;CIvit cuticakGtþPaBenaHehIy

Rtac;rgÁat;eTAEtkñúgeTvta nigmnusSTaMgLayb:ueNÑaH ehIymkekIt

kñ úgmnusSelak kñúgkalrbs;RBHmanRBHPaKRBHnamfa suemF³ .

kñúgevlaRBHmanRBHPaKbriniBVanehIy )aneFV IkarbUCaRBHsþÚbrbs;

RBHsasþa nigjúaMgmhaTan[RbRBwtþeTAkñúgBYksgÇ cuticakmnusS-

elakenaHehIy Rtac;rgÁat;eTAEtkñ úgeTvta nigmnusSEtmü:ag kal

RBHBuT§esþcenAminTan;]b,tþ ieLIg CaesþccRkBtþi júaMgmhaCn[

taMgenAkñ úgsIl 5 [eKmanmuxeTAkan;sYK’ .

kalRBHd¾manRBHPaKrbs;eyIgTaMgLay esþcminTan;]b,tþi

eLIgenaHÉg )anekItkñúgRtkUlRBahµN_ kñúgRkúgsavtß I . mnusS

TaMgLaytaMgnameKfa bilinÞ³ cMENkbTfa vcä³ CaeKaRt . eRBaH

ehtuenaH evlatmk eKeTIbmannamR)akdfa bilin Þvcä³ . eRBaH

segVKkñúgsgSar eKeTIbbYsCabriBVaCk seRmcviC¢aeQµaHcULKn§ar³

Rtac;eTAkñúgGakas)anedayviC¢aenaH TaMgCaGñkdwgcitþrbs;CndéT


dl;PaBCaGñkRbesIredaylaP nigys GaRs½yenAkñ úgRkúgraC-

RKwH .

RKaenaH epþImGMBIevlaEdlRBHmanRBHPaKrbs;eyIgTaMgLay

Rtas;dwgRBHsmµasem<aFiBaØaN esþcyageTAdl;RkúgraCRKwHeday

lMdab; edayBuT§anuPaB eFVI[viC¢aenaHrbs;eKvinaseTA minGacjúaMg

kic©rbs;xø Ün[seRmc)an . eKKitfa {k¾eyIg)ansþab;mkdUecñHfa

kalGacarü nigbrmacarüTaMgLayeBalmnþenHehIy mhaKn§arviC¢a

enAkñ úgTINa cULKn§arviC¢arEmgvinaskñúgTIenaH . k¾rab;taMgGMBIRBH

smNeKatmesþcyagmkehIy viC¢aenHrbs;eyIgminsm,ÚreLIy

RBHsmNeKatmdwgmhaKn§arviC¢aedayminmansgS½y ebIdUecñH eyIg

Kb,IcUleTArkRBHsmNeKatmenaH ehIyeronviC¢aenaHkñ úgsmñak;én

RBHGgÁ} . eKeTIbcUleTAKal;RBHmanRBHPaK ehIyRkabTUldUecñH

fa {bBiRtRBHmhasmN³ ´RBHGgÁbMNgnwgeronviC¢amü:ag kñúgsmñak;

rbs;RBHGgÁ sUmRBHGgÁcUr[»kasdl;´RBHGgÁpgcuH} . RBHman-

RBHPaKRtas;fa {ebIdUecñaHGñkcUrbYs} . eKsMKal;fa karbBVC¢aCa


karbrikmµv iC¢a eTIbRBmbYs . RBHmanRBHPaKRTg;sEmþgFm’dl;eK

ehIy RTg;RbTankmµdæanEdlsmKYrdl;crit . elakceRmInvibsSna

ehIy)anseRmcRBHGrhtþkñúgevlaminyUr eRBaHCaGñkbribUN’eday

]bnisS½y .

k¾eTvtaBYkNa taMgenAkñúg»vaTrbs;elakkñúgCatimun ehIy

ekItkñ úgzansYK’ eTvtaTaMgenaHGaRs½yPaBCaGñkdwgKuNenaH ekIt

nUvkarrab;Gany:agéRkElg eTIbcUleTArkRBHefr³ral;l¶ac . eRBaH

ehtuenaH RBHefr³eTIbdl;nUvPaBCaGñkRbesIrkñ úgEpñkCaTIRsLaj;

CaTIeBjcitþ rbs;eTvtaTaMgLay .


kalRBHelaknaf RBHnamfa suemF³ Ca

buKÁld¾]tþm niBVanehIy eyIgmancitþRCHføa man

citþesamnsS )aneFV IkarbUCaRBHsþÚb .

kñúgsmaKmenaH RBHxINaRsBBYkNa Gñk

)anGPiBaØa 6 manbJT§×eRcIn eyIgnimnþRBHxINaRsB

1¦ GbTan ¬bidkelx 72 TMB½r 134¦ Ca RBHbilinÞvcäetßr dUcKña .


TaMgenaH manRbCuMKñakñ úgsmaKmenaH ehIy)aneFV I

sgÇPtþfVay .

evlaenaH manPikçúGñk]bdæakrbs;RBHmanRBH

PaK RBHnamfa suemF³ elakmannamfa suemF³

)anGnuemaTnakñ úgevlaenaH .

edaycitþEdlRCHføaenaH eyIg)anekItkñúgviman

RsIeTBGbSr 86>000 )anman¬1¦ dl;eyIg .

RsIeTBGbSrTaMgenaH rEmgRsbtamesckþI

bMNgRKb;y:agrbs;eyIgCanic© eyIgmanGMNacelI

eTvtaBYkdéT enHCaplénbuBaØkmµ .

kñúgkb,TI 25 ¬GMBIkb,enH¦ eyIgCaesþc

cRkBtþi RBHnamfa vruN³ kñúgRKaenaH eyIg)anCa

esþccRkBtþi esayePaCnd¾RbNIt .

mnusSTaMgenaHminRtÚvsabeRBaHBUC nigminRtÚv

1¦ ERbBIBaküfa GehsuM c,ab;qdæ nigc,ab;Gg;eKøsCa rmwsu ¬rIkrayCamYyeyIg¦ .


naMngÁ½leTAP¢ÜrERs briePaKRsÚvsalIEdlmincaM)ac;

cm¥inedayePø Ig .

eyIg)anesayraCsm,tþikñúgPBenaHehIy )an

eTAekItCaeTvtaeTot sUm,IkñúgevlaenaH ePaKsm,tþi

dUecñH k¾ekIteLIgdl;eyIg .

stVTaMgBYgEdlCamitþ b¤minEmnmitþ rEmgmin

eboneboneyIg eyIgCaTIRsLaj;rbs;stVRKb;CMBUk

enHCaplénbuBaØkmµ .

kñúgkb,TI 30>000 ¬rab;GMBIPTÞkb,enH¦ eyIg

)an[TanNa kñúgRKaenaH edaykar[TanenaH eyIg

minEdlCYbTuKÁtieLIy enHCaplénkarlabeCIgeday

rbs;RkGUb .

kñúgPTÞkb,enH eyIg)anCaesþccRkBtþi 1 dg

CaFMkñ úgBBYkCn manBlanuPaBeRcIn .

eyIgenaHtaMgenAkñúgsIl 5 )anjúaMgBBYkCn


d¾eRcIn[dl;suKti )anCaTIRsLaj;rbs;eTvtaTaMg

Lay .


eRbónRbedArbs;RBHBuT§ eyIgeFV Ir YcehIy .

mü:ageTot eRBaHehtuEdlelakCaGñkEdlBYkeTvtaTaMgLay

RsLaj;éRkElg RBHd¾manRBHPaKeTIbRTg;taMgRBHefr³enHTuk kñ úg

tMENgénPikç úd¾RbesIrkñúgPaBCaTIRsLaj; CaTIeBjcitþ rbs;eTvta

TaMgLay ¬CaÉtTKÁ³¦ edayRBHBuT§tRmas;fa {mñalPikç úTaMgLay

bilinÞvcä³RbesIrCagPikçúCamhasavkTaMgLayrbs;tfaKt kñúgEpñk

eFVI[eTvtaTaMgLayRsLaj; eBjcitþ} .

éf¶mYy elakKg;enAkñúgkNþalPikç úsgÇ BicarNaKuNTaMg

Layrbs;xøÜnehIy kalnwgsresIrkarmkkñúgsmñak;rbs;RBHman-

RBHPaK faCanimitþrbs;viC¢a EdlCaehtuénkarseRmcKuNTaMgenaH

eTIb)anPasitKafafa

karEdleyIgmkkan;smñak;rbs;RBHsasþaenH


Cakarmkl¥ehIy minEmnKµanRbeyaCn_ karEdleyIg

KitTukfa nwgsþab;Fm’kñ úgsmñak;rbs;RBHmanRBHPaK

ehIybYsenH CakarKitEdlminEmn\tRbeyaCn_ eRBaH

kalRBHmanRBHPaKRTg;EckFm’TaMgLay eyIgk¾)an

seRmcFm’d¾RbesIrehIy .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa sVaKtM ¬Cakarmkl¥ehIy¦ esckþI

fa CakarmkEdll¥ . BaküenHP¢ab;esckþICamYybTfa mm ¬rbs;

eyIg¦ . mü:ageTot bTfa sVaKtM esckþIfa EdleyIgmkl¥ehIy

¬bTfa mm¦ RtÚvpøas;viPtþiCa mya . bTfa nabKtM kat;bTCa n

GbKtM mann½yfa mineTAR)ascakesckþIceRmIn KW RbeyaCn_ .

bTfa nyiTM TumµnþitM mm ¬CakarKitEdlminEmn\tRbeyaCn_¦

esckþIfa RBHtRmas;enH RBHmanRBHPaKRtas;dl;eyIgminRtwmRtÚv

b¤eyIgBicarNaminl¥ k¾minEmn . elakeBalGFib,ayTukdUecñHfa

karKit KW esckþIRtiHriH )andl; BaküEdleyIgeBalfa {eyIg)an

sþab;Fm’kñúgsmñak;rbs;RBHmanRBHPaKehIyeTIbbYs} b¤vtßúEdleyIg


BicaNaredaycitþsUm,IenH CakarKitminEmn\tRbeyaCn_ . \LÚv

enH kalnwgsEmþgehtukñ úgRbkarenaH elakeTIbeBalBaküCaedIm

fa eRBaHkalRBHmanRBHPaK RTg;EckFm’TaMgLayehIy dUecñH .

bTfa briPetþsu ¬Eck¦ n½yfa EckehIyedayRbkar ¬epSg²¦ .

bTfa Femµsu ¬Fm’¦ )andl; ejyüFm’ b¤smfFm’TaMgLay b¤

Fm’Edltirß Iy_epSg² eBalTukfa CaPav³RbRktICaedIm¬1¦ b¤EdlRBH

smµasm< úT§TaMgLayRtas;EckTuk edayGMNacénGriysc©³ man

TukçCaedIm .

bTfa yM esdæM tTu)aKmw ¬eyIg)anseRmcFm’d¾RbesIrehIy¦

esckþIfa bNþaFm’TaMgenaH Fm’NaRbesIrbMput eyIgcUldl;Fm’

enaH EdlCacturariysc©Fm’ .

mü:ageTot eyIgcUldl;nUvsasnFm’ EdlCaehtunaMstV[

Rtas;dwg KW cUldl;fa enHFm’ enHvin½y . mü:ageTot kñúgbNþa

sPavFm’TaMgLay EdlRBHd¾manRBHPaK RBHGgÁRTg;EckTukehIy

1¦ Bakü {bkti} kñúgTIenH KYrnwgRtÚvCamYyBaküfa {RbRkt³} mrmatµ½n kñúglT§iRBahµN_ .


edayGMNacénkuslCaedIm ¬nig¦ edayGMNacénxn§CaedIm tam

esckþIBit Fm’NaRbesIr KW x<g;x<s; )andl; RbesIr kñúgsasna

enaH eyIgcUldl;ehIy KW cUldl;ehIy edayRbckSkñúgxøÜn )an

dl; eFV I[Cak;c,as;nUvFm’d¾RbesIrenaH sMedAdl;Fm’ KW mKÁ pl

nigniBVan .

eRBaHdUecñaH eTIbRbkbesckþIfa karEdleyIgmkkan;smñak;

rbs;RBHsasþaenH Cakarmkl¥ehIy minEmn\tRbeyaCn_ karEdl

eyIgKitfa nwgsþab;Fm’kñúgsmñak;rbs;RBHmanRBHPaKehIybYs Ca

karKitEdlmin\tRbeyaCn_ dUecñHÉg .

cb;Gdækfa bilinÞvcäefrKafaTI 9

3


Gdðkza buNÑmasezrKazaTI 10

[11] vihri GebkçM \F va hurM va

eya evTKU snþúsieta ytetþa

seBVsu Femµsu GnUblietþa

elaksS CBaØa ]TyBVyBa©ati .

buKÁlEdl)andl;nUvevT CaGñksenþas manxø Ün

sRgÜmehIy minCab;CMBak;kñúgFm’TaMgBYg KW tNða

TidæieT rEmgkMcat;ecjnUvesckþIGal½ykñúgelakenH

nigelakxagmux)an eRBaHdwgc,as;nUvTIekIt nigTI

rlt;énelak .

buNÑmasefr³ .

Kafarbs;RBHbuNÑmasetßr epþImfa Gñkmankardwgx<g;x<s; .

erOgekIteLIgy:agNa?

)anB¤fa kñúgkalénRBHmanRBHPaKRBHnamfa vibsSI RBHefr³

enaH ekItkñúgkMeNIténstVcaRkBak eXIjRBHmanRBHPaKesþcyag

-191- Gdækfa Ékni)t vKÁTI 1 buNÑmasefrKafa TI 10

eTA mancitþRCHføa eTIbykcMBuHrbs;xøÜn BaMpáasarayeTAeFVIkarbUCa .

edaybuBaØkmµenaH eKRtac;rgÁat;eTAkñúgeTvta nigmnusSTaMgLay kñúg

kb,TI 17 GMBIPTÞkb,enH )anCaesþcckáBtþidl; 8 dg . cMENk

kñúgkb,enH kalsasnaénRBHmanRBHPaKRBHnamfa ksSb³ vinas

ekItkñúgRtkUlkudum<ik³ bYsehIy bMeBjsmNFm’ cutiGMBIenaHehIy

vilvl;eTAkñ úgeTvta nigmnusSTaMgLay kñúgBuT§b,aTkalenH ekIt

Cabutþrbs;RBahµN_namfa smiT§³ kñ úgRkúgsavtß I . kñúgéf¶EdleK

ekIt qñaMgTeTTaMgGs;enAkñúgpÞHenaH k¾)aneBjeTAedaysENþkmas .

eRBaHehtuenaH CnTaMgLayeTIbdak;eQµaHeKfa buNÑmas³ . eK

ceRmInv½yehIysikSaseRmckñúgviC¢arbs;RBahµN_TaMgLay eFV Ikar

vivah³ehIy )anbutþmñak; ekItesckþIenOyNaykñúgkarRKb;RKgpÞH

eRBaHCaGñkbribUN’eday]bnisS½y cUleTAKal;RBHmanRBHPaK sþab;

Fm’ ekItsT§a k¾bBVC¢a RbkbesckþIxVl;xVaykñúgkic©RKb;y:ag eK)an

RbkberOy² kñúgkmµdæan 4 ceRmInvibsSnak¾seRmcRBHGrhtþ .

smdUcKafaRbB½n§ EdlelakeBalTukkñúgGbTanfa¬1¦

1¦ GbTan ¬bidkelx 72 TMB½r 255¦ Ca RBHbc©aKmniyetßr .


kñúgRKaenaH eyIgCastVcakRkBak enARtg;

RcaMgsÞwgsin§ú eyIgsIuEtsaraysuT§² nigsRgÜml¥

ehIy kñúgstVTaMgLay¬1¦ .

eyIg)aneXIjRBHBuT§GñkR)ascakFUlI KW ki-

els esþceTAkñúgGakas eTIbykcMBuHBaMpáasaray

bUCaRBHmanRBHPaK RBHnamfa vibsSI .

CnNataMgsT§a Edlminjab;j½rTukedayl¥

kñ úgRBHtfaKt edaycitþEdlRCHføaenaH CnenaHnwg

mineTAkan;TuKÁti .

karEdleyIg)anmkkñúgsmñak;rbs;RBHBuT§Ca

buKÁlRbesIr Cakarmkl¥hñ+ eyIgCastVcakRkBak

)anbNþúHBUCTukl¥ehIy .

kñúgkb,TI 91 GMBIkb,enH eyIg)anbUCaRBH

manRBHPaKedaypáaeQI eyIgeTIbminsÁal;TuKÁtieLIy

1¦ c,ab;süam )aebsu = kñúg)abkmµTa MgLay .

-193- Gdækfa Ékni)t vKÁTI 1 buNÑmasefrKafa T I 10

enHCaplénBuT§bUCa .

kñúgkb,TI 17 ¬GMBIkb,enH¦ eyIg)anCaesþc

cRkBtþi 8 dg RTg;RBHnamdUcKñafa sucaruTsSn³

manBlanuPaBeRcIn .



lMdab;enaH Priyacas;rbs;elak bMNgnwglYgelamelak

eTIbRbdab;Etg cUleTArkRBmTaMgbutþ epþImnwgeFVIkarpøas;sMBt; eday

BakülYgelamEdlCaTIRsLaj; . RBHefr³eXIjehtukarN_rbs;

nag edIm,InwgRbkas[dwgfa elakminCab;CMBak;kñúgGarmµN_Na²

eLIy eTIb)anPasitKafafa

Gñkmankardwgx<g;x<s; CaGñksenþas man

xø ÜnsRgÜmehIy minCab;CMBak;kñ úgFm’TaMgBYg CaGñk

dwgc,as;nUvkarekIt nigkarvinaseTAénelak eQµaH

fa )ankm©at;karsMLwgeTas KW tNðakñ úgelakenH


nigkñ úgelakxagmuxecj)an .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa vihri ¬)ankMcat;¦ esckþIfa naMeTA

KW naMecjeTA )andl; kMcat;ecjedayBiess . bTfa GebkçM

¬karsmøwgeTas KW tNða¦ )andl; tNða . bTfa \F ¬kñúgelak

enH¦ )andl; kñ úgelak b¤GtþPaBenH . bTfa hurM ¬kñúgelakxag

mux¦ )andl; kñúgGnaKt b¤GtþPaBdéT . mü:ageTot bTfa \F

¬kñ úgelakenH¦ )andl; Gaytn³EdlRbRBwtþeTAkñ úgxagkñ úg . bT

fa hurM ¬kñúgelakxagmux¦ )andl; Gaytn³EdlRbRBwtþeTAkñúgxag

eRkA . va sBÞ Casmuc©ytß³ ¬manesckþIrYmTaMg¦ dUckñúgRbeyaK

CaedImfa GbTa va TVibTa va ¬minmaneCIg TaMgmaneCIgBIr¦ . eday

bTfa eya RBHefr³sEmþgdl;xøÜnelak eFV I[dUcCaGñkdéT .

bTfa evTKU ¬Gñkmankardwgx<g;x<s;¦ esckþIfa dl;ehIy

edayevT KW dl; )andl; seRmcRBHniBVan edaymKÁBaØaN b¤cb;

sc©³TaMg 4 edayGMNacénbriBaØakic© bhankic© scäikiriyakic© nig

Pavnakic© taMgenAehIy . bTfa ytetþa ¬sRgÜmxøÜnehIy¦ esckþI

-195- Gdækfa Ékni)t vKÁTI 1 buNÑmasefrKafa TI 10

fa mankarsRgÜmedaymKÁsMvr³CasPaB b¤mankarsRgÜmedays-

mµavayam³CasPaB .

bTfa seBVsu Femµsu Gnublietþa ¬minCab;enAkñúgFm’TaMgBYg¦

esckþIfa minCab;kñúgFm’ KW kñúgGarmµN_TaMgBYg edayGMNacénkar

Cab;kñ úgtNða nigTidæ i . elaksEmþgdl;karQanknøgnUvelakFm’

TaMgLay manlaPCaedIm edaybTenaH . bTfa elaksS ¬elak¦

)andl; k¾BYk 5 én])aTankçn§ 5 . k¾BYk 5 én])aTankçn§ 5

enaH eQµaHfa elak edayGtßfa RTúDeRTamEbkFøayeTA .

bTfa CBaØa esµIn wg CanitVa ¬ERbfa dwgc,as;¦ .

bTfa ]TyBVyBa© ¬karekIteLIg nigkarvinaseTA¦ )andl;

TaMgkarekIteLIg TaMgkarvinaseTA . elaksEmþgdl;bdibTaEdl

CacMENkxagedIménKuN tamEdleBalehIyedaybTenH .

k¾kñ úgKafaenH manGFib,aydUecñH buKÁlNadwgkarekIteLIg

nigkarvinaseTAénelak manxn§elakCaedImTaMgGs; edayGakar

RKb;TaMg 50 CaGñkmankardwgx<g;x<s; CaGñksRgÜmehIy minCab;


CMBak;kñúgFm’Na² CnenaHminsmøwgeTaskñúgTITaMgBYg CaGñksenþas

min[PaBsMxan;Na² dl;kareFV IEdlxusCaRbRktI dUecñaH ¬KWkar

sEmþgPaBmayarbs;Priyacas;-GñkERb¦ eRBaHdUecñaH ¬RBHefr³eTIb

eBalfa¦ {RsIGn§Bal cUreTAtampøÚvEdlnagmkehIyenaHcuH} .

kalRsIenaHdwgfa smN³rUbenH Gs;esckþIRtÚvkarkñ úgxøÜn

nigbutþ eyIgminGacnwglYgelamsmN³rUbenH)an eTIbecosecj

eTA .

cb;Gdækfa buNÑmasefrKafaTI 10

cb;Gdækfa Ékni)t vKÁTI 1 kñúgvKÁenHrYmmanRBHefr³ 10 rUb KW

RBHsuPUtiefr³ 1 RBHmhaekadæitefr³ 1 RBHkgçaervtefr³ 1 RBHbuNÑmnþanIbutþefr³ 1 RBHTBVmløbutþefr³ 1 RBHsItvniyefr³ 1 RBHPløiyefr³ 1 RBHv Irefr³ 1 RBHbilinÞvcäefr³ 1 RBHbuNÑmasefr³ 1 dUecñHÉg .

s t r

-197- Gdækfa Ékni)t vKÁTI 2 cULvcäefrKafa TI 1

ezrKaza Ékni:t

vK<TI 2

Gdðkza cULvcäezrKazaTI 1

[12] )amuC¢Bluela Pikç ú Femµ BuT§b,evTiet

GFiKecä bTM snþM sgçar UbsmM suxnþ i .

Pikç úGñkeRcInedayesckþIr Ikray kñúgFm’ EdlRBH

BuT§RTg;RbkasehIy rEmg)ansnþibT KW RBHniBVan

CaTIrm¶ab;nUvsgçar CaKuNFm’naMmknUvesckþIsux .

RBHcULvcäetßr .

Kafarbs;RBHcULvcäefr³ manBaküepþ Imfa Pikç úGñkeRcIneTA

eday)amuC¢³ . erOgekIteLIgdUcemþc?

)anB¤fa kñúgkalrbs;RBHd¾manRBHPaKRBHnamfa bTumutþr³

elakekItkñ úgRtkUlRkIRk seRmckarciBa© wmCIvit edaykarbeRmIGñk

déT eXIjRBHefr³RBHnamfa suCat³ EdlCasavkrbs;RBHman-


RBHPaK EsVgrksMBt;bgSúkUl mancitþRCHføaeTIbcUleTArk fVay

sMBt;ehIyfVaybgÁMedaybBa©gÁRbtisßan . edaybuBaØkmµenaH elak

esayraCüenAkñúgBYkeTvta 33 dg )anCaesþccRkBtþi 77 dg Ca

esþcEpndIrab;cMnYnminGs; . kalelakRtac;rgÁat;eTAkñúgeTvta nig

mnusSy:agenH kñúgkalsasnarbs;RBHmanRBHPaKRBHnam ksSb³

vinas eTIbbYsbMeBjsmNFm’ ehIyRtac;rgÁat;eTAmk enAkñúgKti

éneTvta nigmnusSTaMgLayGs;kalmYyBuT§nþr mkekItkñúgRtkUl

RBahµN_kñ úgRkúgekasm<I kñ úgkalénRBHd¾manRBHPaKrbs;eyIgTaMg

Lay )annamfa cULvcä³ . cULvcäkumar ceRmInv½yehIy sikSa

cb;enAkñ úgsil,sa®sþrbs;RBahµN_TaMgLay sþab;RBHKuNrbs;

RBHBuT§ehIymancitþRCHføa cUleTAKal;RBHmanRBHPaK . RBHman-

RBHPaKRTg;sEmþgFm’dl;eK . eKmansT§a ehIybYs)an]bsm,Ta

eFV IbBVC¢akic©eRscehIy eronkmµdæan EdlsmKYrdl;crit bMeBj

Pavna .

k¾edaysm½yenaH Pikç úGñkRkúgekasm<I)anekItkarEbkKña .

-199- Gdækfa Ékni)t vKÁTI 2 cULvcäefrKafa T I 1

RKaenaH RBHcULvcäetßrminkan;yklT§irbs;PikçúTaMg 2 cMENk taMg

enAkñ úg»vaTEdlRBHmanRBHPaKRTg;RbTanehIy ceRmInvibsSna k¾

seRmcRBHGrhtþehIy .


RKaenaH savkrbs;RBHmanRBHPaKRBHnamfa

bTumutþr³ eQµaHfa suCat³ EsVgrksMBt;bgSúkUl

tamKMnrsRmam .

eyIgCakUnQñÜlrbs;GñkdéTenAkñúgRkúghgS-

vtI )anfVaysMBt;knøHpÞaMg ehIyGPivaTedaysIs³ .

edaykmµEdleFVITukl¥ehIyenaH nigedayec-

tnaEdltaMgmaM eyIglHragkaymnusSehIy )an

eTAkan;sYK’Can;tavtþigS .

eyIgCaesþceTvta esayeTvsm,tþikñ úgeTv-

elak 31 dg )anCaesþccRkBtþi 77 dg .

1¦ GbTan ¬bidkelx 75 TMB½r 205¦ Ca RBH]bNÐTusSkTayketßr .


nig)anCaesþcEpndId¾FMTUlay rab;dgminGs;

eRBaHfVaysMBt;knøHpÞa MgCaTan .

eyIgCaGñkminmanP½yGMBITINa² rIkrayehIy

kñúgéf¶enH kaleyIgR)afña k¾Kb,IyksMBt;sm,keQI

RKbdNþb;EpndIenH RBmTaMgéRBnig Pñ M)an ¬k¾)an

sMBt;mk¦ enHCaplénsMBt;knøHpÞa Mg .

kñúgkb,TI 100>000 GMBIPTÞkb,enH eyIg

)an[TanNa kñúgRKaenaH eRBaHTanenaH eyIgmin

sÁal;TuKÁtieLIy enHCaplénsMBt;knøHpÞa Mg .



RBHcULvcäetßrkalseRmcRBHGrhtþehIy eXIjfa elakvinas

RbeyaCn_cakkareBjcitþeQøaHKña rbs;PikçúTaMgenaH ekItFmµsegVK

nigBicarNadl;KuNviessEdlxøÜn)anseRmcehIy eTIb)anPasit

KafaedayGMNacbIti nigesamnsSfa


Pikç úGñkeRcIneday)amuC¢³ kñ úgFm’EdlRBHBuT§

RTg;RbkasehIy rEmg)ansnþibTEdlCaFm’cUleTA

s¶b;sgçar Casux .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa )aemaC¢Bhuela ¬GñkeRcIneTAeday

)aemaC¢³¦ esckþIfa eQµaHfa CaGñkeRcIneTAeday)aemaC¢³ eday

GMNacénesckþIeRtkGréRkElg kñúgFm’TaMgLayEdlCaGFikusl

edayPaBCaGñkminmanesckþIkgVl; eRBaHPaBCaGñkmansIlbrisuT§

l¥ehIy . eRBaHehtuenaH eTIbelakeBalfa Femµ BuT§b,evTiet

¬kñ úgFm’EdlRBHBuT§RTg;RbkasehIy¦ .

kñúgbTTaMgenaH bTfa Femµ ¬kñúgFm’¦ )andl; eBaFibkç iyFm’

37 Rbkar b¤elakutþrFm’ 9 y:ag . k¾RBHFm’enaH eQµaHfa Edl

RBHBuT§RTg;RbkasehIy CaFm’]tþmRbesIr eRBaHCaRBHFm’EdlRBH

GgÁRtas;dwgRBHsBVBaØ útBaØaNRTg;RbkasehIy edaysamukáMsik-

eTsna ¬eTsnaEdlRBHGgÁRTg;elIkeLIgsEmþgÉg¦ . sUm,IFmµ-

eTsna k¾cat;enAkñúgBaküfa Fm’enHEdr eRBaHFmµeTsnaenaHCa])ay


[stVcUldl;RBHFm’ .

RBHefr³eBalBaküfa bTM snþM ¬snþibT¦ sMedAdl;RBHniBVan .

eRBaHPikçúmansPaBdUecñH rEmgseRmc KW RbsBVsnþibT KW cMENk

Edls¶b; )andl; RBHniBVan EdleQµaHfa CaFm’cUleTAs¶b;rm¶ab;

sgçar eRBaHcUleTAs¶b;rMlt;sgçarTaMgBYg)an EdleQµaHfa Casux

eRBaHCasuxy:agéRkElg .

BitNas; PikçúGñkmansIlbrisuT§ GñkeRcIneTAeday)aemaC¢³

eRBaHminmanvib,disar³ CaGñkxVl;xVaykñúgRBHsT§mµ rEmgCYbsm,tþi

RKb;y:ag manvimutþ iCabrieyasan . smdUcRBHmanRBHPaKRtas;

Tukfa {mñalGannÞ sIlCacMENkkusl mankarminekþARkhayCa

pl karminekþARkhayrEmgRbRBwtþeTAedIm,I)aemaC¢³} CaedIm .

mü:ageTot bTfa )amuC¢Bhuela ¬Pikç úeRcIneTAeday)aemaC¢³¦

esckþIfa CaGñkeRcIneTAedayesckþIrIkray edaybMNgdl;RBHrtn-

Rt½yfa {RBHmanRBHPaKRTg;Rtas;dwgÉgedayRbéB RBHFm’EdlRBH

manRBHPaKRtas;l¥ehIy sgÇbdibtþ il¥ehIy} . edIm,Iecosvag


BaküsYrEdlGacekItmaneLIgfa {buKÁlenaHeRcIneTAeday)aemaC¢³

kñúgGVI? b¤eFVIGV I? RBHefr³eTIbeBal)aTKafamanCaGaTifa kñúgFm’Edl

RBHBuT§RTg;Rbkasl¥ehIy dUecñH .

GFib,ayfa sm,tþiTaMgLayrEmgnUvkñ úgkNþab;édrbs;buKÁl

EdlbribUrN_edaysT§a eRBaH[ekItcká 4 edaygay KW karesB

Kb;sb,úrs 1 karsþab;Fm’rbs;sb,úrs 1 kareFV ITukkñúgcitþRtÚv

TMng 1 karbdibtþ iFm’smKYrdl;Fm’ 1 . smdUcRBHmanRBHPaK

RTg;Rtas;Tukfa {GñkekItsT§aehIy rEmgcUleTArk kalcUleTA

rk rEmgcUleTAGgÁúyCit} CaedIm .

cb;Gdækfa cULvcäetßrKafaTI 1

3


Gdðkza mhavcäezrKazaTI 2

[13] b BaØa B lI sI l v tU b b enña

smahieta Qanreta stIma

yTtßiyM ePaCn PuBa¢maena

kegçf kalM \F vIteraeKati .

Pikç úmanR)aCJaCakmøa Mg bribUN’edaysIl nigvtþ

mancitþx¢ab;x¢ Ün eRtkGr kñúgQan mansµartI bri-

ePaKePaCntamman CaGñkR)ascakraK³ kñúgelak

enH Etgrg;caMkalkir iyab: ueNÑaH .

mhavcäetßr³ .

Kafarbs;RBHmhavcäetßr³ epþ Imfa PikçúmankmøaMgbBaØa . erOg

ekIteLIgdUcemþc?

)anB¤fa elak)anfVayTwkqan;[CaTancMeBaHRBHmanRBHPaK

RBHnamfa bTumutþr³ nigcMeBaHPikç úsgÇ . kñúgkalRBHmanRBHPaK

RBHnamfa sixI )anCa])ask )aneFVIbuBaØkmµd¾eRcInEdlCa]bnisS½y

-205- Gdækfa Ékni)t vKÁTI 2 mhavcäefrKafa TI 2

énRBHniBVan edaybuBaØkmµTaMgenaH elakk¾Rtac;rgÁat;eTAkñ úgsuKti-

PBenaH² enAkñúgBuT§b,aTkalenH ekItCabutþrbs;RBahµN_ namfa

smiT§ i kñúgnalKam¬1¦ EdnmKF³ . eKmaneQµaHfa mhavcä³ .

eKceRmInv½yehIy RCabfa RBHsarIbutþCasavkrbs;RBHmanRBHPaK

eTIbKitfa {fñak;RBHsarIbutþEdlCaGñkmanbBaØaeRcIn k¾enACasavk

rbs;RBHmanRBHPaK RBHmanRBHPaKGgÁenaH Kg;CabuKÁlRbesIrkñ úg

elakenHedayBit} ekItsT§akñúgRBHmanRBHPaK bYskñúgsmñak;rbs;

RBHsasþa RbkberOy² kñúgkmµdæan k¾seRmcRBHGrhtþ kñ úgevla

minyUreLIy .


eyIgmancitþRCHføa mancitþesamnsS kñúg

PikçúsgÇGñkd¾RbesIrrbs;RBHmanRBHPaK RBHnamfa bTumutþr³ eTIb)andak;Twkqan;d¾føakñúgk¥mTwkrhUteBj .

kñúgevlaEdleyIgRtÚvkarpwkTwk nwgRtg;kMBUl

1¦ TIxøHCa nalkRKam b¤naLRKam . GbTan ¬bidkelx 75 TMB½r 209¦ Ca RBH]TkTayketßr .


PñM Rtg;cugeQI kñ úgGakas b¤Rtg;EpndI Twkk¾ekIt

eLIgdl;eyIgmYyrMeBc .


)anfVayTanNa kñúgRKaenaH eRBaHTanenaH eyIgmin

sÁal;TuKÁtieLIy enHCaplénkarfVayTwkCaTan .



kalelakseRmcRBHGrhtþy:agenHehIy esayvimutþ isux

edIm,Inwg[ekItesckþI]sSah³dl;sRBhµcariyTaMgLay edaykar

sEmþg[eXIjc,as;nUvRbkarEdlRBHsasna CaFm’naMecjcakTukç

eTIb)anPasitKafafa

Pikç úmankmøa MgbBaØa sm,ÚredaysIl nigvtþ man

citþx¢ab;x¢ Ün eRtkGrkñ úgQan mansti qan;ePaCn tammantam)an R)ascakraK³ Kb,Irg;caMEtevla

brin iBVankñ úgsasnaenH .

-207- Gdækfa Ékni)t vKÁTI 2 mhavcäefrKafa TI 2

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa bBaØaBlI ¬mankmøa MgbBaØa¦ esckþI

fa GñkRbkbeTAedaybBaØaEdll¥éRkElgerOy² edayGMNacén

)arihariyb,BaØa ¬bBaØarkSaxøÜn¦ nigvibsSnabBaØa ¬bBaØaeFVI[Cak;c,as;¦ .

bTfa sIlvtUbbenña ¬bribUN’edaysIl nigvtþ¦ esckþIfa

cUldl;ehIy KW RbkbehIy edayctub,arisuT§ isIld¾]Rkidæ nig

edayvtþ eBalKW FutgÁFm’ .

bTfa smahieta ¬mancitþtaMgmaM¦ esckþIfa Rbkbeday

smaFi EdlEckCa]bcarsmaFi nigGb,nasmaFi .

bTfa Qanreta ¬eRtkGrkñúgQan¦ esckþIfa tGMBIenaHeTA

eTIbeRtkGr KW BüayamRbkbCab;tKñaeTA kñúgGarmµNUbniCÄan nig

lkçNUbniCÄan . eQµaHfa mansti eRBaHminenAR)ascaksti

RKb;kal .

bTfa yTtßiyM ¬tammantam)an¦ esckþIfa karminR)ascak

vtßúEdlmanehIy eQµaHfa karmanehIy karmanehIytamvtßúNa

eQµaHfa tamman . GñkbriePaKbc©½y mankarbriePaKy:agNa k¾

-208- brmtßTIbn I Gdækfa xuTÞknikay efrKafa

briePaKePaCny:agenaH . eRBaHkarbriePaKePaCntamEdlmanenaH

¬man 2 y:agKW¦ edaykarbriePaKEbbCam©as;rbs; ¬R)ak;¦ b¤Ebb

TTYlmkbriePaK ¬eRbIR)ak;mt’k¦ minmanedayRbkardéT . mü:ag

eTot Baküfa ePaCn k¾RtwmEtCa]bmab:ueNÑaH . mü:ageTot ePaCn

kñúgbTfa PuBa¢ isSti briPuBa¢ isSti ¬suI eRbI¦ )andl; bc©½y 4

enaHÉg .

)az³fa yTtßikM dUecñHk¾man . bc©½y 4 EdlRBHsasþaRTg;

GnuBaØatehIy edayRbkarNa KW edIm,IRbeyaCn_Na k¾edIm,ICa

RbeyaCn_enaH KW edIm,IRbeyaCn_[ragkaytaMgenA)anCaedIm nig

kartaMgenA)anenaH k¾edIm,IGnu)aTiessniBVan eRBaHdUecñaH Pikç úqan;

bc©½y KW ePaCn edIm,IRbeyaCn_dl;Gnu)aTabriniBVan tGMBIenaH

rEmgrg;caMevla KW rg;caMevlaGnu)aTiessbriniBVanrbs;xøÜn eQµaH

fa R)ascakraK³ kñúgenH KW kñúgsasnaenH GFib,ayfa k¾Gnu)a-

TabriBVanenH rEmgminmandl;buKÁlxageRkA ¬RBHsasna¦ sUm,I

buKÁlGñkR)ascakraK³kñ úgkamTaMgLayehIyk¾eday .

cb;Gdækfa mhavcäefrKafaTI 2 3

-209- Gdækfa Ékni)t vKÁTI 2 vnvcäefrKafa TI 3

Gdðkza vnvcäezrKazaTI 3

[14] nIlBÖvNÑa rucira sItvarI sucin§ra

\nÞeKabksBaänña et esla rmynþi mnþi .

Pñ MCavikar³énfµTaMgLayenaH manBN’exov dUcBBk

CaPñ Md ¾r ugerOg manTwkRtCak; RTRTg;nUvvtßúd ¾brisuT§

d¾edrdas edaystVGeNþIkmas Etgjúa MgeyIg[

rIkray .

vnvcäetßr³ .

Kafarbs;RBHvnvcäetßr manBaküepþImfa PñMTaMgLayEdlsuT§

ehIyedayfµ . erOgekIteLIgy:agNa?

)anB¤mkfa kñúgkalrbs;RBHmanRBHPaKRBHnamfa GtßTsSI

elakekItkñúgkMeNItCaGeNþIk GaRs½yenAkñúgsÞwgEdleQµaHfa vinta

GtþPaBrbs;GeNþIkenaH manxøÜnb:unTUkkeRmal . )anB¤fa éf¶mYy

GeNþIkenaH eXIjRBHmanRBHPaKRbfab;QrenAeRtIyénsÞwg Kitfa

{RBHmanRBHPaK RbEhlCamanRBHbMNgesþcyageTAkan;eRtIynay}


bMNgnwgTUl[RTg;Rbfab;elIxñgrbs;xø ÜnqøgeTA eTIbRkabcuHeTob

)aTmUl . RBHmanRBHPaK RTg;RCabGFüaRs½yrbs;GeNþIkenaH

kalnwgRTg;GnueRKaHenaH eTIbesþceLIgRbfab; ¬elIxñg¦ . GeNþIk

ekItnUvbItiesamnsS Ehlkat;rlk yagRBHmanRBHPaKeTAkan;eRtIy

xagnayy:agrh½s dUckUnsrEdlsÞúHeTAedaykmøaMgrbs;ExSFñÚdUecñaH .

RBHmanRBHPaKRTg;BüakrN_plénbuNüenaH nigsm,tþiEdl

nwgekItkñúgbc©úb,nñ ehIyesþcyagecjeTA . edaybuBaØkmµenaH eK

k¾Rtac;rgÁat;eTAkñ úgeTvta nigmnusSTaMgLay bYsCatabseRcInry

dg )anCaGñkmanRbRktIenAkñúgéRBEtmü:ag .

kñúgkalénRBHsmµasm<úT§RBHnamfa ksSb³ )anekItkñúgkMeNIt

énstVRBabeTot eXIjPikçúGñkenAkñúgéRBmYyrUb manRbRktIenAeday

emtþa k¾júaMgcitþ[RCHføa nigluHcuticakkMeNItstVRBabenaHehIy

eTAekItkñúgRtkUlsþúksþúmÖkñ úgRkúgBaraNsI ceRmInv½yehIy ekIt

esckþIsMevK bYsehIy snSMbuBaØkmµd¾eRcIn suT§EtCa]bnisS½yén

RBHniBVan . eKRtac;rgÁat;eTAkñúgeTvta nigmnusSTaMgLay kñúgPB


epSg² y:agenH . kñúgBuT§b,aTkalenH k¾)anbdisn§ikñ úgpÞHrbs;

RBahµN_namfavcäeKaRt kñúgRkúgkbilBsþú matarbs;elakmanKP’cas;

ehIy ekItkarcaj;épÞ cg;eTAelgéRB eTIbedIrcUleTAkñúgéRB . kñúg

rMeBcenaHÉg xül;kmµC¢vatrbs;nagbk;eLIg CnTaMgLayeTIberobcM

)aMgvaMgnn[ . nagRbsUtbutþ Edlsm,ÚredaylkçN³rbs;Gñk

manbuNü . kumarenaH )anCasMLaj;elgFUlICamYyRBHeBaFistV

eKmaneKaRt nigeQµaHfa vcä³ . eKsÁal;eQµaHfa vnvcä³ eRBaH

elakeBjcitþEtkñúgéRB . kñúgevlatmk kalRBHmhastVesþcecj

mhaPien®sámn_ k¾ecjbYsEdr edayKitfa {eyIgnwgenAkñúgéRBCa

mYysiT§tßkumar} eTIbecjbYsCatabs enAkñúgéRBhimBanþ RCabfa

RBHsiT§tß³Rtas;dwgGPisem<aFiBaØaNehIy eTIbeTAkan;smñak;rbs;

RBHmanRBHPaK bYsehIyeronkmµdæanenAkñúgéRB xVl;xVaykñúgvibsSna

minyUrbu :nµan k¾eFVI[Cak;c,as;nUvRBHGrhtþ .

smdUcKafaRbB½n§EdlelakeBalTukGbTanfa¬1¦

RBHmanRBHPaKRBHnamfa GtßTsSI RTg;CaRBH

1¦ GbTan bdikelx 75 TMB½r 184¦ Ca RBHtrNiyetßr .


symÖÚ RTg;CaGñknaMrbs;elak CaRBHtfaKt esþc

)aneTAkan;eRtIysÞwgvinta .

eyIgCaGeNþIt Rtac;eTAkñ úgTwk puseLIgGMBI

Twk bMNgnwgTUlnimnþRBHBuT§esþcqøg eTIbcUleTA

Kal;RBHGgÁ RTg;CaGñknaMrbs;elak .

¬RkabTUlfa¦ sUmyagRBHBuT§CamhamunI RBH

namfaGtßTsSI esþceLIgkan;xñg´RBHGgÁcuH ´RBHGgÁ

nwgnaMRBHGgÁGñkeFV IT IbMputénTukçqøgeTA .

RBHBuT§GñkmanysFM GñknaMrbs;elak RTg;

RBHnamfaGtßTsSI RTg;RCabdl;esckþIRtiHriHrbs;eyIg

eTIb)anesþceLIgRbfab;elIxñgrbs;eyIg .

taMgGMBIeyIgcaMesckþI)an nigdwgkþ IehIy min

manesckþIsuxNa dUcCakalsmösSépÞRBH)aT .

RBHsmµasm<úT§RBHnamfa GtßTsSI RTg;manRBH

ysFM esþceLIgRbfab;QrRtg;RcaMgsÞwgehIy )an


Rtas;RBHKafaenHfa

eyIgqøgRkEsKgÁa EtCYrevlaRbmaNdUccitþ

RbRBwtþeTA ¬k¾)an¦ EtesþcGeNþIkmanbuNüenH bBa¢Ún

tfaKtqøg .

edaykaryagRBHBuT§qøgenH nigedayPaBCa

Gñkmancitþemtþa eKnwg)anrIkrayenAkñúgeTvelakGs;

1>800 kb, .

cakBIeTvelakmkkan;mnusSelakenH CaGñk

EdlkuslmUldas;etOnehIy GgÁúyRtg;Gasn³enaH

Ég nwgqøgputRkEs KW esckþIsgS½y)an .

BUCsUm,IticEdleKeRBaHcuHkñúgERsl¥ kalePøóg

bg¥úrmkedayl¥ plrEmgeFVIGñkERs[eRtkGr y:ag

Na

BuT§extþ EdlRBHsmµasm<úT §RTg;sEmþgTukenH

k¾y:agenaHdUcKña kalFñarbuNühUrcuHmkl¥ plnwg


eFV I[eyIgrIkray .

eyIgCaGñkmancitþEtmYy edIm,IbMeBjesckþI

Büayam CaGñks¶b;rm¶ab; minman]bFi kMNt;dwg

Gasv³TaMgBYgehIy CaGñkminmanGasv³ .

kñúgkb,TI 1>800 ¬rab;GMBIkb,enH¦ eyIg)an

eFV IkmµNa kñúgRKaenaH edaykmµenaH eyIgminEdl

sÁal;TuKÁtieLIy enHCaplénkaryagRBHBuT§qøg .



nigkalRBHmanRBHPaKRTg;seRmcRBHGrhtþehIy RTg;Rbfab;

enAkñ úgRkúgkbilBsþú elak)aneTAkan;RkúgkbilBsþúenaH fVaybgÁM

RBHsasþaCYbnwgPikç úTaMgLay kalPikç úTaMgLaysYredaykarbdi-

sNæar³fa {GñkmanGayu elakenAkñ úgéRBmanesckþIsuxeTb¤} k¾

eqøIyfa {GñkmanGayuTaMgLay éRB nigPñM KYrCaTIrIkray ¬TaMgGs;¦}

kalnwgBN’nadl;éRBEdlxøÜnenA )anPasitKafafa


PMñTa MgLay EdlsuT§eTAedayfµ manBN’exovdUc

emX s¥atrugerOg manFñarvarIRtCak; RTRTg;nUvesckþI

s¥at edrdasedaystVGeNIþkmas PñMTaMgenaHrEmg

eFV I[eyIgrIkray .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa nIlBÖvNÑa ¬manBN’exovdUcemX¦

esckþIfa manBN’dUcemXexovx©I nigmansNæandUcemXd¾exovx©I .

bTfa rucira ¬s¥atrugerOg¦ esckþIfa manBnøW nigrsµIs¥at . bTfa

sItvarI ¬FñarvarIRtCak;¦ esckþIfa manTwkRtCak; . bTfa sucin§ra

¬RTRTg;esckþIs¥at¦ eQµaHfa RTRTg;esckþIs¥at eRBaHCaPUmiPaK

Edls¥atbrisuT§ b¤eRBaHCaTIBMnak;rbs;RBHGriy³TaMgLayEdlman

citþbrisuT§ . edIm,IgayRsYlkñúgkarRbB½n§Kafa elakeTIbpøas;

niKÁhit Ca n . )az³fa sIlvarisucin§ra k¾man . Gtß k¾KW RTRTg;

TukenATwkRtCak;føas¥at KW manfø úkTwkRtCak;sñiT§ nigføas¥at .

bTfa \nÞeKabksBaänña ¬edrdasedayGeNþIkmas¦ esckþI

fa edrdaseTAedayGeNþIkmas manBN’dUcEkvRbvaL Edl)an


namfa GeNþIkmas elakeBaly:agenH edayGMNacénevlaEdl

manePøógFøak; . cMENkGacarüBYkxøHeBalfa )andl; stVl¥itsIu

søwkeQIEdlmanBN’Rkhm namfa \nÞeKabk³ . GacarüBYkdéT

eToteBalfa )andl; edImkNikar .

bTfa esla ¬EdlsuT§ehIyedayfµ¦ )andl; PñMsuT§eday

fµ GFib,ayfa minEmnPñMd I . edayehtuenaH elakeTIbeBalfa

{eRbóbdUcPñMEdlsuT§edayfµ} . bTfa rmynþi mM ¬rEmgeFVI[eyIg

rIkraycitþ¦ esckþIfa júaMgeyIg[eRtkGr KW kBUnesckþIrIkray

kñúgvievkdl;eyIg . RBHefr³kalRbkasdl;esckþIeRtkGrkñúgéRB

EdlelakGb;rMmkGs;kalyUry:agenH eTIbesµInwgsEmþgdl;esckþI

eRtkGrkñ úgvievk 3 enaHÉg . kñúgbNþavievk 3 y:agenaH eday

]bFivievk EdlRBHefr³sEmþgkarBüakrN_GrhtþplehIyenaHÉg

dUecñHÉg .

cb;Gdækfa vnvcäefrKafaTI 3

3

-217- Gdækfa Ékni)t vKÁTI 2 vnvcäsSsameNrKafa TI 4

Gdðkza vnvcäsSsameNrKazaTI 4

[15] ]bCÄaeya mM Gvcasi \eta Kcäami sIvk

Kaem em vsti kaeya GrBaØM em Keta mena

e s ma n e ka bi K cäa mi ntßi segÁa viCantnþi .

]bCÄay_ niyaynwg´fa EnsIvk³ eyIgecjGMBIRsúk

enH kayrbs;eyIgenAkñúgRsúk Etcitþrbs;eyIgeTA

kan;éRB eyIgsUm,Iedk k¾eQµaHfaedIr karCab;CMBak;

rbs;CnGñkecHdwg minmaneT .

sameNrrbs;vnvcäetßr³¬1¦ .

KafasameNrrbs;RBHvnvcäetßr³ epþ Imfa RBH]bCÄay_rbs;

eyIg)aneBalnwgeyIgfa . erOgekIteLIgdUcemþc ?

)anB¤fa kñúgkb,TI 31 GMBIPTÞkb,enH elakekItkñ úgpÞHman

RtkUlkñúgkalrbs;RBHmanRBHPaKRBHnamfa evsSPU . éf¶mYyeTA

kan;éRBedaykrNIykic©NamYy eXIjRBHmanRBHPaK RTg;RBHnam

1¦ c,ab;PUmaCa sivksameNr .


namfa evsSPU Rbfab;Kg;enARtg;jkPñMkñúgé®BenaH mancitþRCHføa cUl

eTAfVaybgÁM ehIyQrpÁgGBa¢lI . bnÞab;mkeKeXIjEpøsøaTuM KYrCa

TIrIkray kñúgéRBenaH eTIbebHEpøsøaTaMgenaH beg¥ancUleTAfVay

RBHmanRBHPaK . RBHmanRBHPaKGaRs½yesckþIGnueRKaH eTIbRTg;

TTYl .

edaybuBaØkmµenaH eKRtac;rgÁat;eTAkñ úgeTvta nigmnusSTaMg

Lay kalbursEdlCaGM‘bYskñúgsasnaRBHmanRBHPaKRBHnamfa

ksSb³ k¾bYsCamYyG‘M snSMkuslEdlCa]bnisS½yénRBHniBVanTuk

CaeRcIn kñúgBuT§b,aTkalenH ekItCajatirbs;RBHvnvcäetßr . elak

)annamfa sivk³ . kalRBHvnvcäetßr³ EdlCabgRbúsrbs;xøÜnbYs

kñúgsasna dl;nUvTIbMputénkic©rbs;bBVCitehIy sñak;enAkñúgéRB

matarbs;elakRCabdMNwgenaHehIy eTIbniyaycMeBaHeKfa {En)a

sIvk³ kUncUrbYskñúgsmñak;rbs;RBHefr³ ehIyEfrkSaelak \LÚv

enHRBHefr³cas;ehIy} . eRBaHBaküeBalrbs;mataRtwmEtmþgenaH

Ég nigeRBaHGFikarEdlxøÜnFøab;eFVITukkñ úgkalmun elakeTIbeTAkan;


smñak;rbs;RBHefr³EdlCaG‘M bYsehIy TMnukbMrugRBHefr³ GaRs½y

enAkñ úgéRB .

éf¶mYy kalsameNrenaHeTAkan;RsúkCayéRBedaykic©Na

nImYy k¾manGaBaFQWxøaMg . sUm,IBYkmnusScat;EcgfñaMRbeKn GaBaF

k¾mins¶b; . kalsameNreTAyUr RBHefr³Kitfa {sameNreTA

yUr nwgmanehtuGVIhñ+?} eTIbeTATIenaH eXIjsameNrQW k¾)aneFV I

vtßúEdlKYreFVIepSg² [sameNrrhUtGs;evlaéf¶ nigyb; evlaCit

Pø W eTIbeBalfa {sIvk³ cab;taMgGMBIeyIgbYsehIy eyIgminFøab;

enAkñúgRsúkeT eyIgecjcakRsúkenHeTAkan;éRBenaHÉg} ÉsameNr

sþab;dUecñaHehIy eTIbeBalfa {bBiRtelakm©as;d¾ceRmIn \LÚvenH

sUm,Ifa kayrbs;énAkñúgRsúk EtcitþenAkñúgéRB eRBaHdUecñaH sUm,I

édk ¬KWeRkakminrYc-GñkERb¦ ´k¾nwgeTAéRBenaH[)an} . RBHefr³

sþab;dUecñaHehIy eTIbcab;Rtg;edImédsameNr naMeTAkan;éRBmYy

rMeBc ehIy[»vaT . sameNrtaMgenAkñúg»vaTrbs;RBHefr³ eXIj

c,as;ehIy k¾)anseRmcRBHGrhtþ .



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jkPñM .

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RTg;CaGñkRbesIrbMput .

kñúgkb,TI 31 GMBIPTÞkb,enH eyIg)anfVay

EpøeQINa kñúgRKaenaH edaykarfVayEpøeQIenaH


EpøeQI .



RKaseRmcRBHGrhtþehIy sameNreRbóbeFobxøwmsarEdl

1¦ GbTan bidkelx 75 TMB½r 231¦ Ca RBHkasumarikplTayketßr .


]bCÄay_ nigxøÜneBalehIy kalnwgRbkasesckþIeBjcitþd¾éRkElg

kñúgvievkrbs;xø Ün nigkic©EdlxøÜneFV IeRscehIy eTIb)anPasitKafa

fa

RBH]bCÄay_rbs;eyIg)aneBalnwgeyIgfa sIvk³ eyIg

nwgeTAGMBITIenH kayrbs;eyIgenAkñ úgRsúk ¬Et¦ citþ

rbs;eyIgenAkñúgéRB eyIgsUm,IedkehIyk¾nwgeTA esckþI

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bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa ]bCÄaeya ¬]bCÄay_¦ esckþIfa

eQµaHfa ]bCÄay³ eRBaHcUleTAsmøwgeTastUc nigeTasFM KW R)afña

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ehAxøÜnÉgedayBaküfa mM ¬eyIg¦ . bTfa Gvcasi esµInwg GPasi

¬)aneBal¦ .

bTfa \eta Kcäami sivk ¬sivk³ eyIgnwgeTAGMBITIenH¦ Ca

BaküsEmþgGakarEdlR)ab;Tuk . GFib,ayfa {sivk³ eyIgnwgeTA

GMBIcenøaHRsúkenH mk eTAkan;TIEdlCaéRBenaHcuH éRBb:ueNÑaH smKYr


dl;BYkeyIgenA} . cMENksivksameNr EdlRBH]bCÄay_eBal

y:agenHehIy k¾ekItesckþItk;søút dUcesHGaCaenyüd¾ceRmIn RtÚv

tk;søútedayExStI kalnwgRbkasfa elakR)afñaeTAkan;éRBdUcKña

eTIbeBalfa

kayrbs;eyIgenAkñ úgRsúk ¬Et¦ citþrbs;eyIgenA

kan;éRB sUm,IeyIgedkehIyk¾n wgeTA karCab;CMBak;

edayBYk rEmgminmandl;Gñkdwgc,as; .

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ragkayrbs;eyIgenHenAkñ úgRsúkCayéRB EtGFüaRs½ybeg¥aneTA

kan;éRBEtmü:ag dUecñaH eyIgsUm,IedkehIyk¾nwgeTA KW sUm,IeQµaH

fa edkehIyeRBaHminGacnwgQr GgÁúy nigedIr)an eRBaHmanCm¶W

k¾RtdabRtdYsvareTATaMgkiriyaedkenH dUcCaBs; mkcuHelakm©as;

eyIgcUreTAkan;éRBcuH . eRBaHehtuGVI? eRBaHkarCab;CMBak;edayBYk

rEmgminmandl;Gñkdwgc,as;eLIy eRBaHRbkarEdlGñkdwgeTaskñúg

kam nigkñ úgsgSar dwgGanisgSkñ úgenkçmµ³ nigRBHniBVantamesckþI


Bit rEmgminCab;enAkñúgTINa² enHCasPav³Fmµta dUecñaH BaküTUnµan

rbs;]bCÄay_ edayniyayEtmþg eTIbcaMenAkñ úgcitþ dUecñaH esµIKña

nwgsameNrBüakrN_GrhtþpledaykarGagBaküTUnµanenaH .

cb;Gdækfa vnvcäetßrsameNrKafaTI 4

3


Gdðkza kuNÐZanezrKazaTI 5

[16] bBa© qienÞ bBa© Ceh bBa© cutþr i Pavey

bBa© sgÁatieKa Pikç ú »XtieNÑati vuc©tIti .

Pikç úKb,Ikat;bg;sMeyaCn³xageRkam 5 Kb,IlHbg;

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CaGñkknøgnUveRKÓgCab;CMBak; 5¬1¦ eTIbelakehA

fa qøg»X³)an .

kuNÐFanetßr³ .

Kafarbs;RBHkuNÐFanefr³ epþ Imfa Pikç úKb,Ikat;sMeyaCn³

xageRkam 5 . erOgekIteLIgdUcemþc?

)anB¤fa kñúgkalRBHmanRBHPaKRBHnamfa bTumtþr³ elak

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edayn½ydUceBalmkGMBImunehIy sþab;Fm’ eXIjPikç úmYyrUbEdl

RBHsasþaRTg;EtgtaMgTuk kñúgtMENgPikçúEdlRbesIrCagPikçúGñkcab;

1¦ eRKÓgCab; 5 y:ag KW raK³1 eTas³1 emah³1 manH1 Tid æ i1 .

-225- Gdækfa Ékni)t vKÁTI 2 kuNÐFanetßrKafa TI 5

søakCadMbUg eTIbR)afñanUvtMENgenaH ehIyeFVIbuNüEdlsmKYrdl;

tMENgenaHCab;tmkerOy² . éf¶mYy eK)anbeg¥anfVayeckmYysñit

FM BN’elOgdUcpg;menasilacMeBaHRBHmanRBHPaKRBHnamfa buTu-

mutþr³ EdlRTg;ecjGMBInieraFsmabtþi Rbfab;Kg;ehIy . RBHman

RBHPaKRTg;TTYlsñiteckenaHehIyesay .

edaybuBaØkmµenaH eK)anCaesþceTvraCnUvkñ úgeTvelak 11

dg )anCaesþccRkBtþi 24 dg eKeFV Iy:agenHmkerOy² )anRtac;

rgÁat;eTAenAkñúgeTvta nigmnusSTaMgLay kñúgkalénRBHBuT§RBHnam

fa ksSb³ ekItCaPumµeTvta .

k¾Fmµta RBHBuT§manRBHCnµayueRcInTaMgLay rEmgmineFVI]e)a-

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vibsSI man]e)asfevorry³eBl 6 qñaM . cMENkRBHTsBl

RBHnamfa ksSb³ sEmþg)atiemakç ral;² 6 Ex . kñúgevla

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elakeLIy} . kalPikç úGñklC¢IenaHsþab;BaküenaHehIy ebHdUg

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elakkuMkan;yky:agenHeLIy PikçúenHmansIlbrisuT§ RsIEdlelak

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-229- Gdækfa Ékni)t vKÁTI 2 kuNÐFanetßrKafa T I 5

ehIynimnþ[RBHefr³cUlkan;erag]e)asf . RBHefr³enaHRtwmEteFVI

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sñaldUcmuneTot TaMgmineGIeBIdl;kareFVIrbs;RBHefr³enH . cMENk

RBHefr³EdlRtÚveBalrk tmkbMeBjvibsSna k¾)anseRmcRBHGr-

htþ .

eRBaHplénkmµenaH PumµeTvtak¾minrYccakP½ykñúgG)ayGs;

mYyBuT§nþr . EtebIkñ úgRKaNaEdleKmkekItCamnusS eTasEdl

CndéTNak¾edayeFVIehIy k¾nwgFøak;eTAelIeKTaMgGs; . kñúgkalén

RBHmanRBHPaKrbs;eyIgTaMgLay eKekItkñ úgRtkUlRBahµN_ kñ úg

RkúgsavtßI CnTaMgLay)andak;nameKfa FanmaNB . FanmaNB

ceRmInv½yehIy eronéRtevTkñúgeBlxøÜncas; )ansþab;RBHFmµeTsna

rbs;RBHsasþaehIy mansT§aeTIbbYs . cab;taMgBIéf¶Edlelak

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RsúkCamYyelak kalelakecjmk k¾ecjmkpg kalelakcUl


eTAvtþk¾cUleTApg sUm,IelakQr k¾QrpgEdr .

RBHefr³mineXIjRsIenaHeLIy Etedaykmµcas;rbs;elak

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ehIyeFVIkaresIccMGk . RBHefr³mankarlM)akCaxøaMg . TaMgsam-

eNr nigPikç úkemøaHTaMgLay naMKñaecameramelakcUleTAkan;vihar

niyayesIccMGkfa {RBHFan³CamnusSGaRkk;} .

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dl;niBVan karRbNaMgRbECgrEmgminmandl;Gñk .


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k¾esþcyageTAkan;TIenArbs;RBHefr³ CamYybrivaredaycMnYntictYc

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edrsMBt; cMENkRsIenaHk¾R)akddUcQrenAkñúgTIminq¶ay . RBHraCa

TtRBHenRteXIjehIy RTg;RBHtRmiHfa {nwgmanehtuy:agNa} eTIb

esþcyageTAkan;TI®sþIenaHQr kalRBHraCaesþcyagmk ®sþIenaH

k¾eFV Id UcCacUleTAkan;bNÑsala EdlCaTIenArbs;RBHefr³ .

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min[RbKl;søakdl;PikçúdUcCaelakeLIy Rtas;[RbKl;dl;PikçúCa

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-23 5- Gdækfa Ékni)t vKÁTI 2 kuNÐFanetßrKafa TI 5

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søakmuneT} ehIyQrlUkédeTATTYlsøak . RBHsasþaRTg;eFVIerOg

enaH[CaehtuekIt eTIbEtgtaMgRBHefr³TukkñúgtMENgCaPikçúd¾RbesIr

CagPikç úTaMgLayGñkcab;søakCaelIkdMbUg ¬ÉtTKÁ³¦ . eRBaHehtu

EdlRBHefr³enH)anRBHraCaCaGñk]btßmÖ )anGaharCaTIsb,ay eTIb

mancitþCasmaFi eFV IkarceRmInvibsSna )anCaGñkseRmcGPiBaØa 6

eRBaHCaGñksm,Úreday]bnisS½y .

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eyIgmancitþRCHføa mancitþesamnsS )an

TMnukbMrugRBHBuT§RTg;RbesIrbMput Rtas;dwgÉg Ca

GKÁbuKÁl EdlRTg;BYnsm¶MGs; 7 éf¶ .

1¦ GbTan bidkelx 72 TMB½r 185¦ Ca RBHkuNÐFanetßr dUcKña .


eyIgdwgevla EdlRBHGgÁesþcnwgecjcak

karBYnsm¶M )ankan;ykEpøecksñitFM cUleTAfVay

cMeBaHRBHmhamunIRBHnamfa bTumutþr³ .

RBHmanRBHPaKCasBVBaØ Ú CaGñknaMrbs;elak

CamhamunI kalnwgjúaMgcitþrbs;eyIg[RCHføa RTg;

TTYlehIyesay .

RBHsmµasm<úT §RTg;d UcCanaykgreTH CaGñk

d¾]tþm esayehIy Rbfab;Kg;elIGasn³rbs;RBH

GgÁ )anRtas;RBHKafaTaMgenHfa

ykSBYkNaRbCuMKñaenARtg;PñMenH nigKN³PUt

kñ úgéRBTaMgGs;enaH cUrsþab;Bakürbs;tfaKt .

CnNaTMnukbMrugRBHBuT§ GñkdUcCaéRksrraC-

sIh_ tfaKtnwgBüakrN_CnenaH GñkTaMgLaycUr

sþab;tfaKteBal

CnenaHnwg)anCaesþceTvraC 11 dg nwg)an


CaesþccRkBtþi 34 dg .

kñúgkb,TI 100>000 ¬GMBIkb,enH¦ RBHsasþa

RTg;RBHnamfaeKatmedayRBHeKaRt EdlRTg;smÖB

kñúgvgSrbs;RBH)aT»káakraC esþcnwg]b,tþieLIgkñúg

elak .

CnenaHnwgeCrsmN³TaMgLayGñkmansIl

EdlrkGasv³min)an nwg)aneQµaHtamvi)akénkmµ

d¾lamk .

eKnwg)anCa»rsCaFmµTayaT CaGñkEdlFmµ-

nimitþ kñúgFm’rbs;RBHsasþaGgÁenaH nwgCasavk

maneQµaHfa kuNÐFan³ .

eyIgRbkberOy² kñúgesckþIs¶b;s¶at; smøwg

Qan eRtkGrkñ úgQan júaMgRBHsasþaRTg;eR)as

R)aN minmanGasv³ .

RBHCinRsIEdlRBHsavkTaMgLayEhhm ecam


eramedayPikçúsgÇ Rbfab;Kg;Rtg;kNþalsgÇehIy

RTg;[eyIgTTYlkarEcksøak .

eyIgdNþb;sMBt;eqogsµamçag fVaybgÁMRBH

sasþa CaGñknaMelak kalPikçúTaMgLaytv:a k¾)an

TTYlsøak CaGñkdMbUgeKcMeBaHRBHP®kþrbs;buKÁld¾

RbesIr .

edaykmµenaH RBHmanRBHPaK RTg;júa MgmW un

elakFatu[jab;j½r Rbfab;Kg;enAkNþalPikçúsgÇ

RTg;EtgtaMgeyIgTukkñúgtMENgd¾RbesIr .

esckþIBüayamrbs;eyIg CaesckþIBüayam

[seRmcFur³ naMmknUvesckþIekSmcakeyaK³ eyIg

RTRTg;kay EdlmankñúgPBcugeRkay enAkñ úgRBH-

sasnarbs;RBHsmµasm<úT § .




Pikç úTaMgLayEdlCabufuC¢nBYkNa mindwgKuNrbs;RBHefr³

sUm,IelakCa ¬RBHGrhnþ¦ ehIydUecñH kñúgkarcab;søakRKadMbUg kñúg

RKaenaH Pikç úepSg² naMKñaKitfa enHGV Ihñ + . RBHefr³kalnwgkm©at;

esckþIsgS½yrbs;Pikç úTaMgenaH eTIbehaHeLIgkan;GakassEmþgnUv

)adiharü kalnwgBüakrN_RBHGrhtþpl edaykarGagdl;RBHG-

rhtþpl eTIb)anPasitKafaTuky:agenHfa

PikçúKb,Ikat;sMeyaCn³xageRkam 5 Kb,IlHsMeya-

Cn³xagelI 5 Kb,IceRmIn\®nÞiy 5 [éRkElgeLIg

eTA PikçúGñkQanknøgFm’CaeRKÓgCab;CMBak; 5 Rbkar

NaehIy RBHmanRBHPaKRtas;fa qøg»X³)anehIy .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa bBa© qienÞ ¬Kb,Ikat;sMeyaCn³xag

eRkam 5¦ esckþIfa PikçúKb,Ikat; KW Kb,IlHsMeyaCn³xageRkam

5 EdlnwgjúaMgstV[]b,tþ i nigekItkñ úgG)ay edays®sþa KW

edaymKÁTaMg 3 xageRkam dUcCaburskat;ExSEdlcgTukRtg;eCIg

ecjdUecñaH .


bTfa bBa© Ceh ¬Kb,IlHsMeyaCn³xagelI 5¦ esckþIfa

Kb,IlH b¤Kb,Ikat;sMeyaCn³xagelI 5 EdlCaehtu[cUldl;

eTvelakCan;elI edayRBHGrhtþmKÁ dUcburskat;ExSEdlcgRtg;>k

dUecñaH .

bTfa bBa© cutþri Pavey ¬Kb,IceRmIn\®nÞiy 5 [éRkElg

eLIgeTA¦ esckþIfa Kb,IceRmIn\®nÞ iy 5 mansT§aCaedIm edIm,I

lHsMeyaCn³ EdlRbRBwtþeTAkñ úgcMENkxagelITaMgenaHÉg [éRk

ElgeLIg KW [x<s;Cagkar)anseRmcRBHGnaKamimKÁ )andl; Kb,I

ceRmInedayGMNacénkar)anseRmcmKÁd¾x<s;bMput .

bTfa bBa©sgÁatieKa ¬QanknøgFm’CaeRKÓgCab;CMBak; 5

Rbkar¦ esckþIfa Pikç úGñkmansPaBdUecñH KW GñkQanknøgFm’Ca

eRKÓgCab;CMBak; 5 Rbkar)anehIy edaykarQanknøg KW lH

eRKÓgCab;CMBak; KW raK³ eTas³ emah³ manH nigTidæ i 5 y:ag

)an .

bTfa Pikçú »tieNÑa vuc©ti ¬Rtas;fa qøg»X³)anehIy¦ n½y


fa elakehAfa Pikçú eRBaHTmøaykiels)anedayRbkarTaMgBYg nig

eRBaHqøg»X³ KW kam/ »X³ KW PB/ »X³ KW Tidæ i nig»X³ KW

GviC¢a ehIytaMgenAkñ úgRBHniBVan EdlCaeRtIyénkielsTaMgenaH .

cb;Gdækfa kuNÐFanefrKafaTI 5

3


Gdðkza eBldðsIsezrKazaTI 6

[17] yfabi PeTÞa GaCBaØa ngÁlavtþnw sixI Kcäti Gb,ksiern ÉvM rtþin Þ iva mm

Kcänþ i Gb,ksiern suex leT§ niramiesti .

GaCaenyüd¾ceRmIn manngÁ½lCaTIRbRBwtþeTAmk Ca

stVmanbUk EtgeTA)aneday\tlM)ak y:agNamij

kalebIniramissux Edl´)anehIy evlayb; nig

éf¶TaMgLayrbs;´ EtgRbRBwtþknøgeTA eday\t

lM)ak k¾y:agenaHEdr .

eBldæsIsefr³ .

Kafarbs;RBHeBldæsIsetßr manBaküepþImfa eKaGaCaenyü

d¾ceRmInTwmngÁ½lehIy . erOgekItdUcemþc?

)anB¤fa kñ úgsm½yénRBHd¾manRBHPaKRBHnamfa bTumutþr³

elakekItkñ úgRtkUlsþúksþúmÖ cUleTAKal;RBHmanRBHPaK sþab;Fm’

-243- Gdækfa Ékni)t vKÁTI 2 eBldæsIsefrKafaTI 6

)anekItsT§a bYsehIy bMeBjsmNFm’ minGacnwgjúaMgKuN-

viess[ekIteLIg)an eRBaHminman]bnisSysm,tþi . k¾elaksnSM

kusl EdlCa]bnisS½yénRBHniBVanTukCaeRcIn Rtac;rgÁat;eTAkñ úg

eTvta nigmnusSTaMgLay . kñúgkb,TI 31 GMBIPTÞkb,enH CYb

RBHmanRBHPaKRTg;RBHnamfa evsSPU CaGñkmancitþRCHføaehIy )an

fVayEpøRkÚcéRB .

edaybuBaØkmµenaH elakekItkñúgeTvta nigmnusSTaMgLaysnSM

buNüCab;erOy² )anvilvl; caksuKtieTAkan;suKti . kñúgBuT§b,aT-

kalenH ekItkñúgRtkUlRBahµN_kñúgRkúgsavtßI . munRBHmanRBHPaK

RTg;)anRtas;dwgGPisem<aFiBaØaN bYsCatabs bUCaePø IgenAkñ úg

smñak;rbs;]ruevlksSb³ kñúgevlaEdlRTg;sEmþgGaTitþbriyay-

sURt TUnµandl;]ruevlksSb³ elakk¾seRmcRBHGrhtþRBmeday

Cdil 1>000 rUb .


eyIg)aneXIjRBHBuT§ RTg;CaGñknaMrbs;elak

1¦ GbTan bidkelx 75 TMB½r 234¦ Ca RBHmatulugÁplTayketßr .


RBHGgÁrugerOgdUcpáakNikar RTg;r ugerOgdUcRBHcnÞ

kñúgéf¶eBjbUrmI nigrugerOgdUcRbTIbEdleqHehIy .

eyIgRCHføa )anykEpøRkÚctø úgeTAfVaycMeBaH

RBHsasþa EdlCaTkçieNyübuKÁl CaGñkekøóvkøa

edayédTaMg 2 rbs;xø Ün .




EpøeQI .



RBHefr³enH luHRBHGrhtþy:agenHehIy Ca]bCÄay_rbs;

RBHFmµPNÐaKarik³ éf¶mYyecjcakplsmabtþiehIy BicarNadl;

RBHGrhtþ Edls¶b; RbNIt Caniramissux nigbuBVkmµrbs;xøÜn

eTIb)aneBalKafa edayGMNackmøaMgénbItifa


eKaGaCaenyüd¾ceRmIn manng½ÁlehIy rEmg

GUsngÁ½leTA)anedayminlM)ak y:agNa kaleyIg

)anesckþIsuxEdlminlayedayGamis yb; nigéf¶

TaMgLayrEmgknøgputeyIgeTA edayminlM)ak k¾

dUecñaH .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa yfabi Cani)at cuHkñ úgGtßGagdl;

]bma . bTfa PeTÞa ¬manxø ÜnceRmIn¦ )andl; eKaGaCaenyüman

rUbs¥atEdlsm,ÚredaysnÞúH kmøaMg PaBGg;Gac vagév nigesckþI

BüayamCaedIm .

bTfa GaCeBaØa ¬GaCaenyü¦ esckþIfa eQµaHfa CatiGaCa-

enyü eRBaHdwgehtu nigvtßúEdlminEmnCaehtu . stVGaCaenyüenaH

man 3 RbePT KW eKaGaCaenyü 1 esHGaCaenyü 1 dMrIGaCa-

enyü 1 . kñúg 3 RbePTenaH kñúgKafaenH elakbMNgykeKa

GaCaenyü k¾eKaGaCaenyüenaHÉg eKeRbIkñúgkic©karP¢ÜrEdlRtÚvkar

nUvPaBCMnaj eRBaHehtuenaH elakeTIbeBalfa GUsngÁ½leTA)an


edayminlM)ak . GFib,ayfa GñkGUspalngÁ½leTA KW GñkP¢ Ür

ERs P¢ÜreTAxagenaHxagenH . mü:ageTot eQµaHfa GñkGUsngÁ½l

eRBaHGtßfa CakarjúaMgngÁ½l[RbRBwtþeTA )andl; vileTAtamKnøg

ngÁ½lkñúgERs . b:uEnþkñúgKafaenH elakeBalCaTIX³fa vtþnI edIm,I

[RtÚvCamYyKafa .

bTfa sixI ¬eKa¦ esckþIfa eQµaH sixa ¬cugkMBUl¦ eRBaH

RsedognwgsirenARtg;k,al )andl; sigÁ³ ¬EsñgstV¦ eQµaHfa

sixI eRBaHmanEsñg ¬sigÁ³¦ enaH . cMENkGacarüBYkmYyeBalfa

cugkMBUl . elakbMNgykfa sixa kñ úgKafaenH . bTfa sixI

enH R)ab;esckþICaRbFanTaMg 2 bT .

bTfa Gb,ksiern ¬edayminlM)ak¦ esckþIfa eRBaHlM)ak

tic . bTfa rtþinÞiva ¬yb; nigéf¶TaMgLay¦ )andl; TaMgkñúgevla

yb; nigevlaéf¶ . RbkbesckþIfa rEmgknøgyb; nigéf¶eTAeday

minlM)akdUecñaH . elakGFib,ayesckþITukdUecñHfa eRbóbdUceKa

GaCaenyü EdlTwmngÁ½lehIy mineXIjdl;esckþIlM)akkñ úgKnøg


ng½Ál EdlmanbJsesµACaKum<² CaedIm edIrGUsngÁ½leTAxagenHxøH

xagenaHxøH rhUtesµAEdlP¢ÜrrabeTAy:agNa sUm,Iéf¶ nigyb;TaMg

LayrEmglHbg; KW knøgeyIgeTAedayminlM)ak dUecñaH . elak

eBaldl;ehtukñúgesckþIenaHTukfa kaleyIg)anesckþIsuxEdlmin

layedayGamis dUecñH . GFib,ayfa eRBaHehtuEdleyIg)an

ehIynUvesckþIsux KW plsmabtþi Edls¶b; RbNIt Edlmin

layedayGamis KW kam Gamis KW elak nigGamis KW vdþ³ .

k¾bTenHCastþmIviPtþ i cuHkñ úgGtßénbzmaviPtþ i . dUckñ úgRbeyaKfa

vnb,Kuem< ¬Kum<eQI¦ nigkñúgRbeyaKfa etn vt er vtþeBV ¬erOg

EdlKb,IeBaldéTenAmaneTot¦ . mü:ageTot elakeBalfa {kal

eyIg)anesckþIsuxEdlminlayedayGamis} cakkarBicarNafa

{taMgGMBIenaH éf¶ nigyb;k¾knøgeTAedayminlM)ak} GFib,ayfa

kalsuxEdlR)ascakGamis EdleyIg)anmanehIy cab;taMgGMBI

evlaEdleyIg)anniramissuxenaH .

cb;Gdækfa eBldæsIsefr³TI 6 3


Gdðkza TaskezrKazaTI 7

[18] miT§ w yTa ehati mhKÇesa c

ni TÞa yi ta s m, ri v tþ sa yI

m ha v ra e ha v ni va b bu edæa

bunb,únM KBÖmuebti menÞati .

buKÁlNa manfInmiT§³pg CaGñkbriePaKeRcInpg

elµaPedkpg edkERbRbÜl² pg dUcRCÚkRsúkFM

EdleKciBa© wmedaycMNI kñ úgkalNa buKÁlenaH

eQµaHfa l¶g;exøA EtgcUleTAkan;KP’erOy² kñúgkal

enaH .

Tasketßr .

Kafarbs;RBHTasketßr manBaküepþ Imfa kalNabuKÁlCa

GñkmanfInmiT§³ . erOgekIteLIgdUcemþc?

)anB¤fa kñ úgkb,TI 91 GMBIPTÞkb,enH kalRBHtfaKtenA

minTan;ekIteLIg elak)anfVayEpøsVay EdlCaTIeBjcitþdl;RBH

-249- Gdækfa Ékni)t vKÁTI 2 TaskefrKafaTI 7

bec©kBuT§ RBHnamfa GCit³ EdlcuHGMBIPñ MKn§maTn_mkkan;EdndIén

mnusS Rtac;biNÐ)atenAkñúgRsúkmYy . edaybuBaØkmµenaH elak

Rtac;rgÁat;eTAkñúgeTvta nigmnusSTaMgLay ehIybYskñúgsasna

rbs;RBHmanRBHPaK RBHnamfa ksSb³ )aneFVIbuNüEdlCa]bni-

sS½yénRBHniBVanTukCaeRcIn .

elakxVl;xVaykñúgkusly:agenH vilvl;GMBIsuKtikan;suKti

kñúgBuT§b,aTkalenH ekItkñúgRtkUlsþúksþúmÖ kñúgRkúgsavtßI . elak

EdlGnafbiNÐikesdæIEtgtaMgTukkñ úgnaTICaGñkrkSaRBHvihar k¾rkSa

RBHviharedayeKarB ekItnUvsT§a eRBaH)aneXIjRBHBuT§ nigeRBaH

)ansþab;RBHsT§mµerOy² eTIbecjbYs . cMENkGacarüBYkxøHeBal

fa RBHTasketßrenH ekItkñúgRtkUlsþúksþúmÖ kñúgkalrbs;RBHman-

RBHPaKRBHnamfa ksSb³ ceRmInv½yehIy TMnukbMrugRBHefr³Edl

CaRBHxINaRsBmYyrUb manesckþIR)afñanwg[Tan ¬dl;RBHxINa-

RsB¦ CYyeFVIkic©RKb;y:ag eTIbbgÁab;elak edaykmµenaH eKekIt

kñúgépÞRsþICaTasIrbs;elakGnafbiNÐikesdæI kñúgRkúgsavtßI kñúgkal


énRBHmanRBHPaKrbs;eyIgTaMgLay ceRmInv½yehIy Edlelak

esdæItaMgTukkñ úgtMENgGñkrkSaRBHvihar )anekItsT§a edayn½ydUc

eBalmkehIyenaHÉg . mhaesdæIRCabsIlacarvtþ nigGFüaRs½y

rbs;eKehIy eTIbedaHeK[CaGñkCa ¬putGMBITas³¦ ehIyR)ab;fa

cUrbYstamsb,aycuH PikçúTaMgLay)an[eKbYs . cab;taMgGMBIbYs

ehIy elakRtLb;Cax¢ilRcGUs CaGñkmanesckþIBüayamFUrfy min

eFV Ivtþbdibtþ iNa² mincaM)ac;niyayfVIdl;karbMeBjsmNFm’ dwg

Etkarqan;[Eq¥t eRcIneTAedaykaredk . sUm,Ikñ úgevlasþab;Fm’

k¾cUleTAkan;RCúgénkEnøgmYy GgÁ úyeRkaybris½T edkRsmukGs;

evla .

lMdab;enaH RBHmanRBHPaKRTg;RbemIlemIlbuBVnisS½yrbs;

elakehIy edIm,Inwg[elakekItesckþIsegVK eTIb)anRtas;Kafa

enHfa

kalNa buKÁlCaGñkegakgk; nigsuIeRcIn

elµaPedk ERbRbÜleTAmk kalnaH eKCamnusSl¶g;


rEmgcUlkan;épÞerOy² dUcRCÚkFat;EdleKbMb:neday

cMNIdUecñaH .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa miT§ I ¬Gñkegakguy¦ esckþIfa Ca

GñkEdlfIn³ nigmiT§³RKbsgát;ehIy . GFib,ayfa miT§³RKbsgát;

buKÁlNa fIn³k¾rEmgRKbsgát;buKÁlenaHdUcKña . bTfa yfa ¬kal

Na¦ )andl; kñ úgkalNa .

bTfa mhKÇesa ¬suIeRcIn¦ esckþIfa CaGñkbriePaKeRcIn dUc

RBahµN_Gahrhtß³ RBahµN_GsgSadk³ RBahµN_ttßvdþk³ RBahµN_

kakmask³ RBahµN_Putþvmitk³ RBahµN_NamYy .

bTfa niTÞayita ¬elµaPedk¦ )andl; Gñklk;eRcIn . bTfa

sm,rivtþsayI ¬ERbRbÜleTAmk¦ esckþIfa edkERbeTAERbmk .

edaybTTaMg 2 RTg;sEmþgfa RbkberOy² dl;esckþIsuxkñ úgkar

edk esckþIsuxkñúgkarmitBt;kay nigkñúgesckþIsuxkñúgkarTeRmt .

bTfa nivabbuedæa ¬EdleKbMb:nedaycMNI¦ esckþIfa EdleKciBa© wm

KW bMb:n edayGaharRCÚkmanknÞk;CaedIm . GFib,ayfa RCÚkRsúk


EdleKciBa©wmTuktaMgGMBIenAtUc² evlamanragkayFMFat; min)anecj

eTAGMBIRTúg rEmgedknenoleTA-mkkñúgTIepSg² manERKCaedImenaH

Ég .

elakeBalGFib,ayTukdUecñH kñ úgevlaNa bursrEmgCaGñk

egakgk; elµaPedk nigsuIeRcIn minGacnwgpøas;bþÚr\riyabfCay:ag

déT)an eRcInedkERbRbÜleTAmk dUcRCÚkFat;EdleKbMb:nedaycMNI

kñúgevlaenaH bursenaHminGacnwgmnsikaréRtlkçN_ KW Gnic©M TukçM

Gntþa eRBaHmin)anmnsikaréRtlkççN_TaMgenaH eKeTIbCaGñkman

bBaØaexSay rEmgcUldl;KP’erOy² b¤minputcakTIenA KW KP’eTA

)an .

RBHTaskefr³sþab;RBHKafaenaHehIy ekItesckþItk;søút epþIm

ceRmInvibsSna ehIyk¾)an[Cak;c,as;nUvRBHGrhtþ kñ úgkalmin

yUr .


1¦ GbTan bidkelx 75 TMB½r 236¦ Ca RBHGeClplTayketßr . manesckþIepSgKñatictYc KW RBHbec©ksm<úT§RBHnam

fa GCin³ ¬c,ab; Gg;eKøs nigPUma Ca GC¢ún³¦ . fVayEpøGBa¢liRBwkSRss;² RbmaNb:unk¥m nigqRtsøwk)aMgfVay kñúgkb,TI 94 .


RKaenaH RBHsm<úT § ¬RBHbec©kBuT§¦ RBHnam

fa GCit³ GñkbribUN’edaycrN³ nigCaGñkQøas

kñúgsmaFi enAkñ úgéRBhimBanþ .

eyIg)anfVayEpøsVay kñúgRBHsm<úT§ Gñkman

qvIvNÑdUcmas GñksmKYrTTYleRKÓgbUCa kMBg;eFV I

dMeNIreTAkñ úgpø Úv .




EpøeQI .



RBHefr³kalseRmcRBHGrhtþehIy Kitfa {RBHmanRBHPaK

RTg;TUnµaneyIgedayRBHKafaenH RBHKafaenH eTIbdUcCakegVrsRmab;

eyIg} eTIbeBalRBHKafaenaHdEdleTot . BaküeBalenH eTIbCakar


BüakrN_Grhtþplrbs;elak edaypøas;mkCaKafarbs;RBHefr³ .

cb;Gdækfa TasketßrKafaTI 7

3

-255- Gdækfa Ékni)t vKÁTI 2 sigÁalbitaefrKafaTI 8

Gdðkza sig<albitaezrKazaTI 8

[19] Ghu BuT§sS TayaeTa Pikç ú ePskLaven

ekvlM GdæisBaØay Gpri bzvw \mM

meBaØhM kamraKM esa xib,emv bhIytIti .

Pikç úCaGñkTTYlmrtk rbs;RBHBuT§ )anBicarNanUv

EpndI KW GtþPaBenH edaysMKal;fa Caragq¥wgTaMg

Gs; kñúgePskLav½n PikçúenaH EtglHbg;kamraK³

)anedayqab;rh½s TMngdUcCaGatµaGj ¬enH¦ .

Kafarbs;RBHsigÁalbitaefr³ manBaküepþImfa PikçúGñkenAkñúg

éRBePskLav½n . erOgekIteLIgy:agNa?

)anB¤fa kñúgkb,TI 94 GMBIPTÞkb,enH elakeXIjRBHbec©k-

BuT§RBHnamfa strgSI Rtac;biNÐ)at mancitþRCHføa fVaybgÁMehIy

)anfVayEpøetñatEdlenAkñúgédrbs;xøÜn edaybuBaØkmµenaH elakekIt

enAkñ úgeTvelak eFV IbuNüt² mk vilvl;enAkñ úgsuKtiPBb:ueNÑaH

kñúgkalrbs;RBHmanRBHPaKRBHnamfa ksSb³ ekItkñúgkMeNItmnusS


CaGñkmansT§akñ úgRBHsasna bYsehIy ceRmInGdæiksBaØa luHmk

kñúgBuT§b,aTkalenH elakekItkñúgRtkUlsþúksþúmÖmYy ceRmInv½y

ehIy erobkar)anbutþmñak; taMgeQµaHbutþfa sigÁal³ eRBaHehtuenaH

CnTaMgLayeTIbehAeKfa sgÁalkbita ¬bitarbs;sigÁalmaNB¦ .

kñúgevlatmk eKlHbg;cMNgkñúgpÞH ehIybYskñúgRBHsasna .

RBHmanRBHPaK RTg;BicarNaemIlGFüaRs½yrbs;elak RTg;)an

RbTanGdæiksBaØakmµdæan[ elakTTYlkmµdæanenaHehIy GaRs½y

enAkñúgéRBePskLav½n kñúgsusumarKirCnbT EdnPKÁ³ . lMdab;enaH

edIm,InwgjúaMgesckþI]sSah_[ekItdl;elak eTvtaEdlsßitenAkñúg

éRBenaH kalnwgR)ab;esckþIenHfa elaknwgeFV IplénPavna [enA

kñúgkNþab;édkñúgevlaminyUr edayGagdl;Grhtþpl eTIb)aneBal

Kafafa

Pikç úenAkñ úgéRBePskLav½n BicarNaEpndIenH

edaysmÁal;fa Caq¥wgsuT§² CaGarmµN_ rEmg)an

eQµaHfa CaTayaTrbs;RBHBuT§ eyIgyl;fa eKnwg


lHbg;kamraK³)anedayqab;rh½s .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa Ghu esµInwg ehati ¬ERbfa rEmg

man¦ . k¾BaküenHCaGtItkal EteRbIkñúgn½ybc©úb,nñkal . bTfa

BuT§sS ¬RBHBuT§¦ )andl; RBHsBVBaØ úBuT§ .

bTfa TayaeTa ¬CaTayaT¦ esckþIfa CaFmµTayaT KW Ca

Gñkkan;yk KW TTYlTuk nUvTayaT KW elakutþrFm’ 9 y:ag eday

karbdibtþ iRtÚvrbs;xø Ün .

mü:ageTot bTfa Ghu esµIKñanwg Gehasi ¬ERbfa )anman

ehIy¦ . GFib,ayfa PikçúrUbxøH nwgCaGñkrab;cUlkñúgPaBCaTayaT

rbs;RBHBuT§RTg;manRBHnamy:agenH kñúgkal\LÚvenH . eRBaHehtu

enaH eTvtaeTIbeBalfa eyIgyl;fa eKnwglHkamraK³)aneday

rMeBcenaHÉg .

bTfa ePskLaven ¬kñúgéRBePskLav½n¦ esckþIfa kñúgéRB

Edl)annamfa ePskLav½n eRBaHehtuEdlykSeQµaHfa ePsk³

Rbkan;Tuk KW RKb;RKgTuk b¤eRBaHeRcIneTAedaystVkac mandMrIcuH


eRbgCaedIm EdlKYrxøac . eTvtakalnwgR)ab;ehtukñúgPaBCaTayaT

rbs;RBHBuT§rbs;PikçúenaH eTIbeBalfa BicarNaEpndIenH edaykar

sMKal;fa Caq¥ wgsuT§² CaGarmµN_ .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa ekvlM ¬suT§²¦ )andl; TaMgGs;

KW minmancMENksl; . bTfa GdæiksBaØay ¬edaykarsMKal;fa

Caq¥ wg¦ )andl; edaykarPavnafa Caq¥ wg .

bTfa Gpri ¬BicarNa¦ esckþIfa pSayeTAehIy eday

GMNacénkarbeg¥ancitþykfa Caq¥wg .

bTfa bzvI ¬EpndI¦ )andl; bzvI KW GtþPaB . GFiib,ay

fa GtþPaB elakehAfa bzvI kñ úgKafaenH dUckñ úgRbeyaKCaedIm

fa eka \mM bzvw viecsSti ¬nrNanwgBicarNaEpndIenH¦ . bTfa

meBaØhM ¬eyIgyl;fa¦ kat;bTCa meBaØ GhM . )az³fa mBaØahM

k¾man .

bTfa esa ¬eK¦ )andl; PikçúenaH . ýl;fa eKnwglHbg;

nwglHkamraK³)an xib,emv ¬edayqab;rh½s¦ KW kñúgevlaminyUr


eLIy . eRBaHehtuGV I? eRBaHGdæ iksBaØaCabdibkçedayRtg;cMeBaH

kamraK³ . elakeBalGFib,ayTukdUecñHfa Pikç úNaBicarNanUv

GtþPaBTaMgGs;rbs;xøÜn b¤rbs;stVTaMgLay faCaq¥ wg edaykar

sMKal;fa q¥wg EdlxøÜn)anehIy PikçúenaHeFVIQanmanq¥wgCaGarmµN_

enaH[Ca)aT BicarNaehIy nwglHkamraK³)anedayGnaKamimKÁ

kñ úgkalminyUreLIy b¤nwglHtNðaTaMgGs; Edl)aneQµaHfa kam

eRBaHGtßfa R)afña Edl)aneQµaHfa raK³ eRBaHGtßfa teRmk )an

edaymKÁxagelI .

RBHefr³enaHsþab;KafaenHehIy Kitfa {eTvtaenHeBaly:ag

enH edIm,InwgjúaMgesckþI]sSah³[ekItdl;eyIg} eTIbGFidæanesckþI

BüayamminFUrfy ceRmInvibsSna k¾seRmcRBHGrhtþehIy .


RBHmanRBHPaKRBHnamfa strgSI¬2¦ RTg;Ca

symÖÚ RTg;mincalcaj; esþcecjcakTIs¶at;ehIy

1¦ GbTan bidkelx 75 TMB½r 238¦ Ca RBHtalpliyetßr 2¦ kñúgGdækfaRBHnam strgSI .


ecjeKacrbiNÐ)at .

eyIgkan;ykEpøeQI )aneXIjehIy eTIb

cUleTAKal;RBHGgÁGñkGg;GacCagnrCn eyIgman

citþRCHføa mancitþesamnsS )anfVayEpøetñat .




EpøeQI .



RBHefr³kalseRmcRBHGrhtþehIy kan;ykBaküEdleTvta

eBal eTIb)aneBalKafaenaHÉg Cakarbnø W]Tan . BaküenaHÉg

)anCakarBüarkN_Grhtþplrbs;RBHefr³enaH dUecñHÉg .

cb;Gdækfa sgÁalbitaefrKafaTI 8

3

-261- Gdækfa Ékni)t vKÁTI 2 kulefrKafaTI 9

Gdðkza kulezrKazaTI 9

[20] ]TkM hi nynþi entþ ika »sukara nmynþi etCnM Taru M nmynþi tcäka GtþanM Tmynþi suBVtati .

BYkCnGñkbgðÚrTwk EtgbgðÚrTwk BYkGñkeFVIRBÜj rEmg

Bt;RBÜj BYkCagcaMg rEmgcaMgeQI ¬y:agNamij¦

BYkCnGñkmanv½tl¥ rEmgTUnµanxø Ün[Rtg; ¬k¾y:ag

enaHEdr¦ .

kuLefr³ .¬1¦

Kafarbs;RBHkuLefr³ manBaküepþImfa BYkGñkbgðÚrTwk k¾

bgðÚrTwk ¬cUlERs¦ . erOgekIteLIgdUcemþc?

)anB¤fa sUm,IRBHefr³enH kñ úgkalmun k¾)ansnSMkuslCa

]bnisS½yénRBHniBVanTukCaeRcIn dl;RBmedayGFikar eXIjRBH

manRBHPaKRBHnamfa vibsSI esþcyageTAkñ úgGakas mancitþRCH

føaehIy R)afñafVayEpødUg eTIb)anQr .

1¦ GdækfaeRbI kulefr³ .


RBHbrmsasþaRTg;RCabkarKitrbs;eKehIy eTIbesþccuHmk

TTYl . eKmancitþRCHføaéRkElg eRBaHekItsT§aenaHÉg eTIbcUl

eTAKal;RBHsasþaTUlsUmbBVC¢a . RBHsasþaRtas;nwgPikç úmYyrUb

fa cUr[bursenHbYs .

eKbBVC¢a ehIy)an]sm,Ta bMeBjsmNFm’ cuticakPB

enaHehIy Rtac;rgÁat;eTAkñúgeTvta nigmnusSTaMgLayGs; 6 BuT§nþr

kñúgBuT§b,aTkalenH ekItkñúgRtkUlRBahµN_ kñúgRkúgsavtßI mannam

fa kul³ . eKceRmInv½yehIy manesckþIRCHføakñúgRBHsasna bYs

kñúgsmñak;RBHmanRBHPaK minGacnwgjúaMgKuNviess[ekIteLIg)an

eRBaHCaGñkeRcIneTAedayesckþIraymay . éf¶mYy elakcUleTA

kan;RsúkedIm,IbiNÐ)at eXIjmnusSTaMgLaykMBugCIkdIenAkñ úgrvag

pøÚv eFV I[CaRbLay ehIynaMTwk[hUreTA eTIbkMNt;vtßúenaHTukkñ úg

citþ cUleTAkan;Rsúk eXIjCagsrmñak; dak;eQIeFVIkUnsrcUleTA

kñ úgeRKÓgeFV IkUnsr smøwgedayknÞúyEPñk ehIyBt;[Rtg; eTIb)an

kMNt;vtßúenaHTukkñúgcitþ ehIyedIrteTA eXIjCageQIkMBugcaMgcMENk


énkg;rf mankaM xñgkg; nigduMCaedIm k¾kMNt;vtßúenaHTukkñúgcitþeTot

cUleTAkan;vihar eFVIPtþkic©ehIy rkSa)aRt nigcIvr GgÁúykñúgTI

sRmakeBléf¶ kan;yknimitþEdlxøÜneXIjehIy CaeRKÓg]bma )an

beg¥aneTAkñ úgkarTUnµancitþrbs;xø Ün Kitfa {BYkmnusSnaMyksUm,ITwk

Edlminmancitþ eTAkan;TIEdlxøÜnRtÚvkar sUm,ICagRBÜjk¾dUcKña kat;

eQIEdlR)ascakcitþeFV IkUnsr sUm,Ievock¾Bt;[Rtg;eday])ay

CageQIk¾dUcKña rEmgeFVIeQIEdlekag mankMNat;eQICaedIm Edl

minmancitþ[Rtg; edayeFVICakg;CaedIm kalebIdUecñaH ehtuGVIeyIg

eTIbmineFV Icitþrbs;eyIg[Rtg;hñ+} dUecñHehIy eTIbceRmInvibsSna

RbwgERbgesckþIBüayam k¾)anseRmcRBHGrhtþkñúgevlaminyUr .


RKaenaH eyIgCaGñkcaMsYn enAkñúgRkúgBn§úvtI

)aneXIj RBHBuT §CaGñkR)ascakFUlI KW kiels

esþcehaHeTAkñ úgGakas .

1¦ GbTan ¬bidkelx 75 TMB½r 239¦ Ca RBHnaliekrplTayketßr .


eyIg)anykEpødUgfVaydl;RBHBuT § CabuKÁl

RbesIrbMput RBHBuT§manysFM Rbfab;elIGakas

RTg;TTYlehIy .

eFV I[eyIgekItesckþIr Ikray naMesckþIsux

mk[kñúgbc©úb,nñ eyIgmancitþRCHføa eRBaH)anfVay

EpødUgdl;RBHBuT§ .

)anRbsBVbItid¾FM Casuxd¾]tþm kñ úgRKaenaH

rtn³ekIteLIgdl;eyIgGñkekItkñúgTIenaH² .




EpøeQI .

TiBVckçúrbs;eyIgs¥atbrisuT§ eyIgCaGñkQøas

kñúgsmaFi dl;nUvesckþIbribUN’kñ úgGPiBaØa enHCa

plénkarfVayEpøeQI .




elakeFVInimitþBYkNa[CakegVr ceRmInvibsSna seRmcRBH

GrhtþehIyy:agenH elakeRbóbeFobkarTUnµancitþrbs;xø Ün CamYy

nimitþTaMgenaHehIy kalnwgBüakrN_Grhtþpl )anPasitKafaenH

fa

BYkGñkbgðÚrTwk k¾bgð ÚrTwk ¬cUlERs¦ Cagsrk¾kat;

kUnsr BYkCageQIk¾caMgeQI BYkbNÐitGñkmanv½t

l¥ k¾TUnµanxø Ün .

bNþabTTaMgenaH hi sBÞ kñúgbTfa ]TkM hi Cani)at .

bTfa nynþi ¬bgð Úr¦ esckþIfa BYkGñkbgðÚrTwk CIkTIEdlCaTITYl

enaH² ehIylubRtg;TITMnabeFVICaRbLay b¤dak;TeFVIGMBIeQI ehIy

naMTwkeTAkan;TIEdlxøÜnR)afña . eQµaHfa GñkbgðÚrTwk eRBaHnaMTwkeTA

edayGakary:agenaH .

bTfa etCnM esµInwg kNÐM ¬ERbfa kUnsr¦ . elakeBal


GFib,ayTukdUecñH BYkCnbgðÚrTwk k¾bgð ÚrTwkeTAkan;TIEdlxøÜnR)afña

tamesckþIeBjcitþrbs;xøÜn sUm,IBYkCagsr k¾eraleQIBt;kUnsr

KW eFVI[Rtg; CageQI kalcaMgeQIedIm,IeFVICaduMCaedIm edaykarcaMg

eQµaHfa rEmgcaMgeQI KW eFV I[Rtg; b¤eFV I[evoctamkareBjcitþ

rbs;xø Ün bNÐitTaMgLayGñkmanvtþl¥ KW manvtþs¥at edaysIl

CaedIm tamEdlsmaTanehIy eFV IvtßúRtwmEtEdleBalmkenH[Ca

GarmµN_ kaljúaMgesatabtþimKÁCaedIm[ekIteLIg eQµaHfa rEmg

TUnµanxøÜn nigkal)anseRmcRBHGrhtþehIy rEmgeQµaHfa CaGñk

TUnµanxøÜn)and¾kMBUl dUecñHÉg .

cb;Gdækfa kuLefrKafaTI 9

3

-267- Gdækfa Ékni)t vKÁTI 2 GCitefrKafaTI 10

Gdðkza GCitezrKazaTI 10

[21] mreN em PyM ntßi niknþ I ntßi CIv iet

senÞhM nikç ibisSami sm,Caena btisSetati .

´minmanmrNP½yeT ´minmanesckþIGal½ykñúgCIvit

eT ĆaGñknwkrlwkx¢ab; dwgxøÜnsBVRKb; nwgdak;ecal

ragkay)an .

GCitefr³ .

KafaRBHGCitefr³ manBaküepþImfa eyIgminmanesckþIxøac

søab; . erOgekIteLIgy:agNa?

)anB¤fa kñ úgkb,TI 91 elakCYbRBHmanRBHPaKRBHnamfa

vibsSI mancitþRCHføa )anfVayEpøxV it . tGMBIenaH k¾)aneFV IbuNü

enaH² Rtac;rgÁat;kñúgeTvta nigmnusSTaMgLay . kñúgkb,enH kal

RBHmanRBHPaKrbs;eyIgTaMgLayminTan;]b,tþ ieLIg )anekItCabutþ

rbs;GKÁasnIyRBahµN_rbs;RBH)aTmhaekasl kñúgRkúgsavtßI .

eK)annamfa GCit³ .


k¾Ékñ úgsm½yenaH BavrIRBahµN_GñkenAkñúgRkúgsavtß I CaGñk

RbkbeTAedaymhaburislkçN³ 3 Rbkar eroncb;éRtevT ecjcak

RkúgsavtßI ehIybYsCatabs GaRs½yenAkñúgkbitfaram Rtg;RcaMg

sÞwgeKaFavrI .

kalenaH GCitmaNBbYskñúgsmñak;rbs;BavrIRBahµN_enaH

EdleTvtaR)afñaRbeyaCn_das;etOnehIy RtÚvbBa¢ÚneTAkan;smñak;rbs;

RBHbrmsasþa cUleTAKal;RBHmanRBHPaK RBmedaymaNBTaMgLay

mantisSemetyümaNBCaedIm TUlsYrbBaðaedaycitþ kalRBHman-

RBHPaKRTg;visC¢nabBaðaTaMgenaHehIy mancitþRCHføa bYskñúgsmñak;

rbs;RBHsasþaeronkmµdæan ehIyceRmInvibsSna k¾)anseRmcRBH

Grhtþ .


eyIg)anfVayEpøxVit cMeBaHRBHsmµasm<úT§ Gñk

1¦ GbTan ¬bidkelx 75 TMB½r 243¦ Ca RBHkbidæplTayketßr .


manRBHqvIvNÑdUcmas CaGñksmKYrTTYleRKÓgbUCa

EdlkMBg;esþcyageTAkñ úgpøÚv .

kñúgkb,TI 91 GMBIPTÞkb,enH eyIg)anEpøeQI

Na kñúgRKaenaH eRBaHkarfVayEpøeQIenaH eyIgmin

EdlsÁal;TuKÁtieLIy enHCaplénkarfVayEpøeQI .



kalelakseRmcRBHGrhtþehIy kalnwgbnøWsIhnaT )an

PasitKafafa

eyIgminmanesckþIx øacsøab; minmanesckþIGal½y

kñúgCIv it nwgCaGñkmanstism,CBaØ³ lHbg;kay

eTA .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa mreN ¬søab;¦ )andl; mrNnimitþ

KW ehtuénesckþIsøab; .


bTfa em ¬eyIg¦ )andl; dl;eyIg KW P½yminmandl;eyIg

eRBaHeyIgCaGñkmanCatiGs;ehIy edaybJsKl;énPBeyIgdk)an

ehIy . GFib,ayfa sRmab;GñkEdldkPBminTan;)an nwgKb,I

xøacsøab; eRBaHKitfa {karekItteTArbs;eyIg nwgdUcemþchñ+} .

bTfa niknþI ¬esckþIGal½y¦ )andl; karsmøwgrMéB KW tNða

karsmøwgrMéBkñúgCIvit eQµaHfa rEmgminman eRBaHcUleTAR)akdeday

l¥ eRBaH])aTankçn§TaMgLayCaTukç nigrksar³min)an eRBaHsgçar

RtÚvBicarNa jaMjImkehIyedayl¥ . eyIgCabuKÁly:agenH nwg

lHbg; KW nwglHbg;ragkayrbs;xø Ün KW srIr³ b¤ragkayrbs;

xøÜn Edl)aneQµaHfa ragkayEdlCaPar³ KW Tukç nigkalnwglH

bg;ecal k¾Kitfa {kic©EdlnwgKb,IjúaMgRbeyaCn_[seRmc eday

ragkayenH eyIg[seRmcehIy \LÚvenH ragkayenaH eyIgKYr

lHbg;eTA)anedayBit} eQµaHfa CaGñkmansm,CBa¢³ eRBaHdl;nUv

esckþIbribUN’edaybBaØa eQµaHfa mansti eRBaHdl;esckþIbribUN’


edaysti nwglHbg;ecal . RBHefr³luHeBalKafaenHehIy k¾cUl

Qan briniBVanehIykñúgrvagenaHÉg dUecñHÉg .

cb;Gdækfa GCitefrKafaTI 10

cb;Gdækfa Ékni)t vKÁTI 2

kñúgvKÁenHrYmmanRBHefr³ 10 rUb KW RBHcULvcäefr³ 1 RBHmhavcäefr³ 1 RBHvnvcäefr³ 1 RBHsivkefr³ 1 RBHkuNÐFanefr³ 1 RBHeBldæsIsefr³ 1 RBHTaskefr³ 1 RBHsigÁalbitaefr³ 1 RBHkulefr³ 1 RBHGCitefr³ 1 dUecñHÉg .

s t r


ezrKaza Ékni:t

vK<TI 3

Gdðkza nieRKaZezrKazaTI 1

[22] nahM PysS Payami stßa ena GmtsS ekavieTa

ytß PyM navtid æti etn meKÁn vCnþi Pikçevati .

´minxøacmrNP½yeT RBHsasþacarü rbs;eyIg

TaMgLay RTg;Qøasévkñ úgRBHniBVan eQµaHGmt³

P½yminzitenAkñúgRBHniBVanNa Pikç úTa MgLay Etg

dl; ¬nUvRBHniBVanenaH¦ edaymKÁ .

nieRKaFetßr .¬1¦

Kafarbs;RBHnieRKaFetßr epþ Imfa eyIgminxøacP½y . erOg

ekIteLIgy:agNa?

)anB¤fa kñúgkb,TI 1>800 rab;GMBIPTÞkb,enH RBHefr³enHekIt

kñ úgRtkUlRBahµNmhasal ceRmInv½yehIy eXIjeTaskñúgkam

1¦ kñ úgGbTan Ca salmNÐbiyefr³ .

-273- Gdækfa Ékni)t vKÁTI 3 nieRKaFefrKafaTI 1

TaMgLay nigeXIjGanisgSkñúgkarecjbYs eTIblHvtßúEdlBak;B½n§

kñúgpÞH cUleTAkan;dgéRB eFVIbNÑsalaenAkñúgéRBraMg bYsCatabs

qan;emImeQI nigEpøeQItUcFMkñ úgéRB .

sm½yenaH RBHsmµasm<úT §RBHnamfa biyTsSI esþc]b,tþ i

eLIgehIykñúgelak RTg;júaMgesckþIekþA KW kielsrbs;elakRBm

TaMgeTvelak[rlt; edayGMNacénTwkGRmwt KW RBHFm’ . éf¶mYy

edaymanBuT§bMNg nwgRTg;GnueRKaHtabs esþceTIbyagcUleTA

kan;éRBraMgenaH Rbfab;Kg; ehIycUlnieraFsmabtþi .

tabsedIreTArkemImeQI nigEpøeQItUcFMkñ úgéRB eXIjRBH-

manRBHPaKehIy mancitþRCHføa eTIbnaMykEmkraMg EdlmanpáarIk

sÁúHsÁayeFVICa)araM RKbdNþb;)araMenaHedaypáaraMgsuT§² fVaybgÁMRBH

manRBHPaKehIy minecjeTArkGahar QrnmsáaredayGMNacén

bIti nigesamnsSenaHÉg . RBHsasþaRTg;ecjGMBInieraFehIy kal

nwgRTg;GnueRKaHtabsenaH eTIbRTg;RBHtRmiHfa sUmPikç úsgÇcUrmk

edaymanBuT§bMNgfa tabsnwgjúaMgcitþ[RCHføakñúgRBHPikçúsgÇpg .


Pikç úsgÇmkkñúgmYyrMeBcenaHÉg cMENktabseXIjPikçúsgÇehIy

mancitþRCHføa fVaybgÁMehIyQrpÁgGBa¢lI .

RBHbrmsasþaRTg;Rbkasfa eKnwg)anTTYlcMENkénpl

buNü edayRTg;sEmþgkarjjwm[R)akd RTg;sEmþgFm’ehIy RTg;

ecosecjeTARBmedayPikçúsgÇ . edaybuBaØkmµenaH eKRtac;rgÁat;

eTAkñ úgeTvta nigmnusSTaMgLay snSMkuslEdlCa]bnisS½yén

RBHniBVanenaHTukCaeRcIn . kñúgBuT§b,aTkalenH mkekItkñúgRtkUl

RBahµNmhasal kñúgRkúgsavtßI eK)annamfa nieRKaF . eKekIt

esckþIRCHføa edaykareXIjBuT§anuPaB kñúgéf¶EdlRTg;TTYlRBHvihar

eCtBn bYsehIyR)arB§vibsSna )anCaGñkmanGPiBaØa 6 edaykal

minyUreLIy .


eyIgcUleTAkan;éRBraMg sagGaRsmd¾s¥at

Rbk;edaypáaraMg RKaenaH eyIgenAkñ úgéRBFM .

1¦ GbTan ¬bidkelx 75 TMB½r 192¦ Ca RBHsalmNÐbiyetßr .


RBHmanRBHPaKRBHnamfa biyTsSI CasymÖÚ

CaÉkGKÁbuKÁl Rtas;dwgedayRBHGgÁÉg RTg;RBH

bMNgesckþIs¶at; esþc)ancUleTAkan;éRBraMg .

eyIgecjcakGaRsmcUleTAkan;éRBFM Rtac;

EsVgrkemImdMLÚg nigEpøeQIenAkñ úgéRB kñúgevla

enaH .

eyIg)aneXIjRBHsmµasm<úT§ RBHnamfa bi-

yTsSI GñkmanysFM Rbfab;Kg;cUlsmabtþi rug

erOgehIy kñúgéRBFMenaH .

eyIgedatssr 4 edIm eFV ImNÐby:agl¥

ehIyykpáara MgRbk;xagelIRBHBuT§ .

eyIgtaMg)ara MEdlRbk;edaypáara MgTuk 7 éf¶

júaMgcitþ[RCHføakñúgkmµenaH )anfVaybgÁMRBHBuT§ Gñk

d¾RbesIrbMput .

sm½yenaH RBHmanRBHPaKCa]tþmburs esþc


ecjcaksmaFi Rbfab;Kg; TtRBHenRtRtwmEtmYy

CYrnwm .

savkRBHsasþaRBHnamfa biyTsSI eQµaHfa

vruN³ nigRBHGrhnþxINaRsB 100>000 rUb Gñk

)anvsI mkKal;RBHsasþa RTg;CaGñknaMd¾viess .

cMENkRBHmanRBHPaK RBHnamfa biyTsSI

RBHviCitmar CaeCdæabursrbs;elak RTg;Gg;GacCag

nrCn Rbfab;Kg;kñúgkNþalPikçúsgÇehIy RTg;)an

eFV Ikarjjwm[R)akd .

RBHGnuruT §etßr Ca]bdæakrbs;RBHsasþa RBH

namfa biyTsSI dNþb;cIvreqogsµamçag )anTUl

sYrRBHmhamunIfa .

bBiRtRBHmanRBHPaK GVIhñ+Caehtu[RBHsasþa

RTg;jjwm[R)akd eRBaHkalmanehtu RBHsasþa

eTIbRTg;jjwm[R)akd .


RBHsasþaRtas;fa maNB)antaMg)araMEdl

Rbk;edaypáaeQIGs; 7 éf¶ dl;tfaKt tfaKt

nwkdl;kmµrbs;maNBenaH eTIb)aneFVIkarjjwm[

R)akd .

tfaKtBicarNamineXIj»kas EdlbuNü

nwgmin[pl »kas ¬buNünwg[pl¦ kñúgeTvelak

b¤kñ úgmnusSelak minmanTIbMput .

eKRBmeRBómedaybuBaØkmµ enAkñúgeTvelak

manbris½Tbu :nNa bris½Tb: ueNÑaH nwgRtÚvRbk;)aMg

edaypáara Mg .

eKCabuKÁlRbkbedaybuBaØkmµ nwgrIkraykñúg

eTvelakenaH edaykarraM kareRcóg karRbKuM Edl

CaTiBV RKb;kalTaMgBYg .

bris½Trbs;eKesµITIEdlmanehIy nwgmankøin

RkGUbpSayeTA ÉePøógpáaraMgnwgFøak;cuHTUeTAkñúgxN³


enaH .

maNBenHcuticakeTvelakehIy nwgmkekIt

CamnusS sUm,IkñúgmnusSelakenH dMbUlpáaraMgk¾nwg

karBarehIy Gs;kalTaMgBYg .

kñúgmnusSelakenH karra M nigkareRcógEdl

RbkbeTAedayqwg nigrKaMg nwgEhhmmaNBenH

Canic© enHCaplénBuT§bUCa .

kaldYgRBHGaTitürH ePøógpáara Mgk¾nwgFøak;cuH

ePøógpáaraMgEdlbuBaØkmµtak;EtgehIy nwgFøak;cuHsBV

kal .

kñúgkb,TI 1>800 RBHsasþaRTg;RBHnamfa

eKatm EdlsmÖBkñúgvgSRBH)aT»káakraC esþcnwg

]b,tþ ieLIgkñ úgelak .

maNBenH nwgCaFmµTayaTrbs;RBHsasþa

RBHGgÁenaH Ca»rsEdlFmµnimµit nwgkMNt;dwgGasv³


TaMgBYg CaGñkminmanGasv³ ehIyniBVan .

kaleKRtas;dwgFm’ehIy nwgmandMbUlpáaraMg

kalRtÚveFVIQabnkic©elIeCIgfár Rtg;eCIgfárenaH k¾

nwgmandMbUlpáara Mg .

RBHmhamunIRBHnamfa biyTsSI RTg;BüakrN_

vi)akehIy RTg;sEmþgFm’dl;bris½T [Eq¥teday

ePøóg KW Fm’ .

eyIg)anesayraCsm,tþikñúgeTvelak kñúgBYk

eTvta 30 kb, )anCaesþccRkBtþi 67 dg .

eyIgcuticakeTvelakmkekItkñúgmnusSelak

enH )anesckþIsuxd¾FM sUm,Ikñ úgmnusSelakenH k¾

mandMbUlpáara Mg enHCaplénkartaMg)ara M .

enHCaPBcugeRkayrbs;eyIg PBcugeRkay

kMBugRbRBwtþeTAehIy sUm,Ikñ úgPBenH dMbUlpáara Mg

k¾nwgmansBVkalTaMgBYg .


eyIgjúa MgRBHmhamunIRTg;RBHnamfa eKatm

RTg;RbesIrCagsküraC [RTg;eRtkGr )anlHbg;

karmanC½y nigkarbraC½yehIy seRmcdl;zan³

Edlminjab;j½r .

kñúgkb,TI 1>800 eyIg)anbUCaRBHBuT§GgÁNa

edayBuT§bUCaenaH eyIgminEdlsÁal;TuKÁtieLIy enH

CaplénBuT§bUCa .

eyIgdutkielsTaMgLayehIy .l. dkPB

)anGs;ehIy kat;kielsCaeRKÓgcg dUcdMrIkat;

pþac;nUvTnø IgehIy CaGñkminmanGasv³ .

karEdleyIg )anmkkñúgsmñak;rbs;RBHBuT§

rbs;eyIg Cakarmkl¥ehIyhñ+ eyIg)anseRmcviC¢a

3 ehIyedaylMdab; BaküTUnµanrbs;RBHBuT§ eyIg

eFV IeRscehIy .





kalelakCaGñkmanGPiBaØa 6 y:agenHehIy júaMgyb; nig

éf¶[knøgeTAedayplsux edIm,InwgRbkasesckþIEdlRBHsasna

CaFm’naMstVecjcakTukç edaykarBüakrN_RBHGrhtþ eTIbPasit

Kafafa

eyIgminP½yxøac RBHsasþarbs;eyIgTaMgLay

RTg;Qøasévkñ úgFm’minsøab; P½yrEmgminzitenAkñ úg

pøÚvNa PikçúTaMgLayrEmgdMeNIreTAedaypøÚvenaH .

kñúgKafaenaH EdleQµaHfa P½y eRBaHCaEdnénesckþIP½y

)andl; Cati nigCraCaedIm . bTfa PysS CaqdæIviPtþi cuHkñúgGtß

énbBa©mIviPtþ i GFib,ayfa eyIgminxøaccMeBaHP½y manvtß úEdlKb,I

xøacCanimitþ KW manCatiCra nigmrN³ CaedImCaehtu . RBHefr³

eBaldl;ehtuTukkñ úgKafaenaHfa stßa ena GmtsS ekavieTa ¬RBH

sasþarbs;eyIgTaMgLay CaGñkQøaskñúgFm’Edlminsøab;¦ KW RBH


sasþarbs;eyIgTaMgLayCaGñkQøaskñúgGmtFm’ )andl; Qøas

kñúgkar[Fm’EdlCaGmt³dl;evenyüstVTaMgLay . bTfa ytß

PyM navtidæti ¬P½yrEmgmintaMgenAkñúgpøÚvNa¦ esckþIfa P½ytamEdl

eBalehIy rEmgmintaMgenA KW min)an»kas kñúgRBHniBVanNa .

bTfa etn ¬tampøÚvenaH¦ )andl; edayRBHniBVanenaH .

bTfa vCnþi ¬rEmgdMeNIreTA¦ esckþIfa rEmgeTAkan;TIEdlminman

P½yenaHÉg . GFib,ayfa RBHniBVan eQµaHfaTIEdlminmanP½y .

sYrfa eRBaHehtuGVI RBHefr³eTIbeBalfa rEmgdMeNIreTA? eqøIyfa

eRBaHfa PikçúTaMgLayrEmgeTAedaypøÚvenaH GFib,ayfa PikçúTaMgLay

KW GñkEdleXIjP½ykñúgsgSar GñkeFVItam»vaTrbs;RBHbrmsasþa

rEmgdMeNIreTAtampøÚvGriymKÁmanGgÁ 8 .

mü:ageTot bTfa ytß esckþIfa P½ysUm,ITaMg 25 y:ag

mankarcUleTAtiHedolxøÜnÉgCaedIm rEmgminFøak;cuH KW min)anTIBwg

BMnak; eRBaHkarseRmcnUvnimitþNa KW GriymKÁNa Pikçúkñ úgsasna

rbs;RBHsasþa rEmgeTAkan;TIEdlminmanP½y edayGriymKÁenaH


sUm,IeyIgÉgk¾eTAehIyedaypøÚvenaH . eRBaHehtuenaH RBHefr³eTIb

BüakrN_RBHGrhtþfa eyIgminxøacP½y dUecñH .

cb;Gdækfa nieRKaFefrKafaTI 1

3


Gdðkza citþkezrKazaTI 2

[23] nIla sKwva sixiena emara karviyM GPinTnþ i

e t sI t v a t k li t a sutþM QanM nieBaeFnþIti .

BYkstVek¶ak CastVmansm,úrexov mankl¥ man

sirS_ EtgyMkñ úgéRBeQµaHKarvI ek¶akTaMgenaH luH

RtÚvxül;RtCak;bk;mk Etgjúa MgbuKÁlEdledklk;

nigbuKÁlGñkmanQan[PJak;eLIg .

citþkefr³ .

Kafarbs;RBHcitþketßr epþImfa ek¶akTaMgLaymaneramexov .

erOgekIteLIgdUcemþc?

)anB¤fa elaksnSMkuslCa]bnisS½yénRBHniBVan epþ ImGMBI

kalrbs;RBHmanRBHPaKRBHnamfa bTumutþr³ . kñúgkb,TI 91 GMBI

PTÞkb,enH ekItkñúgkMeNItmnusS dwgkþIehIy eXIjRBHmanRBHPaK

RBHnamfa vibsSI mancitþRCHføa eFV IkarbUCaedaypáaeQI fVaybgÁM

ehIy beg¥ancitþeCOkñúgRBHbrmsasþa nigkñúgRBHniBVanfa {EdleQµaH

-285- Gdækfa Ékni)t vKÁTI 3 citþkefrKafaTI 2

fa Fm’d¾s¶b;rm¶ab;RtÚvmankñ úgRBHsasnaenH} . edaybuBaØkmµenaH

eKcuticakGMBIenaHehIy ekItkñ úgPBtavtþ igS eFV IbuNüt² mk Rtac;

rgÁat;eTAkñúgeTvta nigmnusSTaMgLay kñúgBuT§b,aTkalenH )anmk

ekItCabutþrbs;RBahµN_sm,Úredaysm,tþi kñúgRkúgraCRKwH maneQµaH

fa citþk³ . kalRBHd¾manRBHPaKesþcyageTAkan;RkúgraCRKwH

Rbfab;enAkñ úgevLúv½nvihar eKcUleTAKal;RBHmanRBHPaK sþab;Fm’

ekItnUvsT§a ehIybBVC¢a eronkmµdæanEdlsmKYrdl;crit cUleTA

kan;éRB ceRmInPavna eFVIQan[ekIt ehIyceRmInvibsSnaEdlman

QanCa)aT seRmcRBHGrhtþkñ úgevlaminyUr .


eyIg)aneXIjRBHBuT§ RBHnamfa vibsSI Gñk

R)ascakFUlI KW kiels RTg;CaGñknaMrbs;elak

rugerOg dUcpáakNikar Rbfab;Kg;Rtg;jkPñM .

eyIgebHpáakNþwgmas 3 páamkbUCa luHbUCa

1¦ GbTan ¬bidkelx 75 TMB½r 199¦ Ca RBHtINikwNibubö iyetßr .


RBHsmµasm<úT§ehIy edIrEbrmuxeq<aHeTATisxagt,Úg .

edaykmµEdleFVIT ukl¥ehIyenaH nigeday

ectnaEdltaMgmaM eyIglHbg;ragkaymnusSehIy

)aneTAkan;sYK’Can;tavtþigS .

kñúgkb,TI 91 GMBIPTÞkb,enH eyIg)anbUCa

RBHBuT§GgÁNa edayBuT§bUCaenaH eyIgminEdlsÁal;

TuKÁtieLIy enHCaplénBuT§bUCa .



k¾kalelakseRmcRBHGrhtþ cUleTAkan;RkúgraCRKwH edIm,I

fVaybgÁMRBHbrmsasþa kalPikçúTaMgLaykñúgviharenaH sYrfa {Gñk

manGayuelakCaGñkminRbmaT enAkñúgéRBminEmnb¤?} kalnwgBüakr

RBHGrhtþ edayRbkasdl;karenAkñúgesckþIminRbmaTrbs;xøÜn eTIb

)anPasitKafafa

ek¶akTaMgLaymaneramexov mankl¥ mansirS_


l¥ yMehIykñúgéRBeQµaHkarvI ek¶akTaMgenaHnaMKñaERsk

yMkñúgevlamanxül;RtCak;layedayePøóg rEmgdas;

buKÁlEdlceRmInQanEdllk;ehIy[PJak;eLIg .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa nilasuKIva¬1¦ esµIKñanwg nIlKIva

¬maneramexov kl¥¦ . EtkñúgKafaenH elakeFV ICaTIX³ [RsÜl

CamYyKafaRbB½n§ . GFib,ayfa Rbkbeday>kd¾l¥s¥at eRBaHman

eramEvg . k¾ek¶akTaMgenaH eQµaHfa manBN’exov eRBaHedayeRcIn

manBN’exov . eQµaHfa suKIva ¬ks¥at¦ eRBaHCastVEdlman

ks¥at .

bTfa sixiena ¬mansirS_l¥¦ esckþIfa eQµaHfa mansirS_

s¥at eRBaHsirImanehIyenARtg;sirS_ EdlekItRtg;k,al . bTfa

emara esµInwg myura ¬stVek¶akTaMgLay¦ .

bTfa karaviyM ¬éRBkarvI¦ esckþIfa Rtg;edImkøaMm<³ . mü:ag

eTot éRBenaHmaneQµaHfa karm<iy³ . eRBaHdUecñaH bTfa karm<iyM

1¦ bidk = nIla suKIva .


eTIb)anesckIþfa kñ úgéRBeQµaHfa karm<³ .

bTfa GPinnÞnþ i ¬ERskyM¦ esckþIfa ek¶akTaMgenaHbeBa©j

sMeLgyMkñ úgevlaCitePøóg nwgnaMKñaERskyMRklYc RKbsgát;sBV

stVmanhgSCaedIm edaysMeLgRBmCamYynwgrdUvkal . bTfa et

)andl; ek¶akTaMgenaH .

bTfa sItvatkILita ¬kñ úgevlamanxül;RtCak;layeday

ePøóg¦ esckþIfa ek¶akTaMgenaH EdlesckþIRtCak; KW xül;lay

ePøóg naMmk[ekItesckþIr Ikray eTIbyMRklYcy:agBIeraH .

bTfa sutþM ¬edklk;¦ )andl; edklk;edIm,InwgbenÞabg;

esckþIRsvwgkñúgGahar b¤lk;edIm,Irm¶ab;karenOyht;énragkay kñúg

evlaEdlRTg;GnuBaØatTuk .

bTfa QanM ¬Qan¦ esckþIfa GñkmanRbRktIsmøwgeday

Qan KW smf³ nigvibsSna )andl; RbkberOy² nUvPavna .

bTfa nieBaeFnþi ¬das;¦ esckþIfa das;[PJak; . GFib,ay

fa das;[eRkakcakTIedk edaykarjúaMgsm,CBaØ³[ekIty:agenH


fa {sUm,Iek¶akTaMgenH k¾minTan;edk vaeFVIkic©EdlxøÜnKYreFVI cMENk

xøÜneyIg nwgedky:agNa} .

cb;Gdækfa citþketßrKafaTI 2

3


Gdðkza eKasalezrKazaTI 3

[24] GhM exa evLúKum<sµw PutVan mFu)ayasM

bTkçiNM smµsenþa x n§a nM ] T y BV yM

sanu M b di K mi sSa mi vievkmnuRBÚhynþi .

´briePaKmFu)ayas CitKum<bJsSI ehIyBicarNa

nUvkarekIteLIg nigkarsUnüeTA énxn§TaMgLay

¬edaykarTTYl¦ yk»vaTxagsþa M ńwgRtLb;eTA

kan;RckPñM ehIyceRmInvievkFm’vij .

eKasalefr³ .

KafaRBHeKasalefr³ epþ Imfa eyIgqan;mFu)ayasRtg;Kum<

bJsSIehIy . erOgekIteLIgdUcemþc>?

RBHefr³rUbenaH k¾CaGñkmanGFikar)aneFV ITukehIykñúgRBHBuT§

GgÁmun² snSMkuslEdlCa]bnisS½yénRBHniBVanTukkñúgPBenaH² .

kñúgkb,TI 91 GMBIPTÞkb,enH eXIjbgSúkUlcIvrrbs;RBHbec©kBuT§

BüÜrRtg;Kl;eQIEk,rPñ MmYy mancitþRCHføafa {sMBt;bgSúkUlenH Ca

-291- Gdækfa Ékni)t vKÁTI 3 eKasalefrKafaTI 3

Tg;C½yrbs;RBHGrhnþedayBit} eTIbbUCaedaypáaeQI . edaybuBaØ-

kmµenaH eKeTAekItkñúgtavtþigSBiPB . epþImGMBIenaHmk k¾Rtac;rgÁat;

eTAkñ úgeTvta nigmnusSTaMgLay kñúgBuT§b,aTkalenH mkekItkñ úg

RtkUlEdlsþúksþmÖ kñúgEdnmKF³ maneQµaHfa eKasal³ k¾eRBaH

eKmankarsñiT§sñalCamYyRBHesaNkudikNÑ³ kaldwgfa RBHesa-

NkudikNÑ³enaHbYs k¾ekItnUvesckþItk;søútfa {dUcRBHesaN-

kudikNÑ³mansm,tþieRcInk¾Kg;bYs caM)ac;eBalfVIdl;eyIg} eTIb

bYskñúgsmñak;rbs;RBHmanRBHPaK eronkmµdæanEdlsmKYrdl;crit

xN³EsVgrkTIenA )anenARtg;kUnPñMmYykEnøg minq¶ayBIRsúkkMeNIt

rbs;xø Ün . matarbs;elakfVayPikçaral;² éf¶ .

éf¶mYy mata)anfVaymFu)ayas EdlcMGinedayTwkXµú M nig

sáretñat dl;elakEdlcUleTAkan;RsúkedIm,IbiNÐ)at elakTTYl

mFu)ayasenaHehIy GgÁúyqan;Rtg;Kum<bJsSImYykEnøg eRkammøb;PñM

enaH lag)aRt nigédehIy epþImceRmInvibsSna . elakCaGñkman

citþtaMgmaM eRBaHmankay nigcitþsb,ay eday)anePaCnsb,ay


kaljaN man]TyBVyBaØaNCaedImcas;køaRbRBwtþeTA xVl;xVay

vibsSna eTIbjúaMgPavna[dl;TIbMputtamlMdab;énmKÁ eFVI[Cak;c,as;

nUvRBHGrhtþRBmTaMgbdismÖiTa edayminlM)akxøaMg .


kñúgTIminq¶ayBIPñMhimBanþ mankUnPñMmYyeQµaH

]TgÁN³¬2¦ Rtg;Pñ MenaH eyIg)aneXIjsMBt;bgSú-

kUlcIvrBüÜrelIcugeQI .

RKaenaH eyIgrIkray mancitþeRtkGr ebHyk

páakNþwgmas 3 páa mkbUCasMBt;bgSúkUl .




kñúgkb,TI 91 GMBIPTÞkb,enH eyIg)aneFV I

kmµNa kñúgRKaenaH edaykarbUCaTg;C½yrbs;RBH-

1¦ GbTan ¬bidkelx 75 TMB½r 200¦ Ca RBHbgSúkUlbUCketßr/ 2¦ )alI Ca ]TBVela .

-293- Gdækfa Ékni)t vKÁTI 3 eKasalefrKafaTI 3

Grhtþ eyIgminEdlsÁal;TuKÁtieLIy .



kalseRmcRBHGrhtþehIy manbMNgnwgeTAkan;PñMenaHeTot

edIm,IRtÚvkarenACasuxkñ úgTidæFm’ kalnwgRbkasvtþbdibtþ irbs;xøÜn

eTIb)anPasitKafafa

eyIgqan;mFu)ayasRtg;Kum<b£sSIehIy Bica-

rNakarekIt nigkarsUnüeTAénxn§TaMgLay eday

esckþIeKarB nwgRtLb;eTAkan;kUnPñMEdleyIgFøab;enA

ehIyceRmInvievkteTA .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa evLúKum<sµw ¬Rtg;Kum<bJsSI¦ esckþIfa

CitKum<bJsSI KW Rtg;møb;rbs;Kum<bJsSIenaH .

bTfa mFu)ayasM ¬mFu)ayas¦ esckþIfa briePaKmFu)a-

yasEdlcMGinedayTwkXµúM . bTfa bTkçiNM ¬edayesckþIeKarB¦

esckþIfa edaykarTTYlykxagsþaM GFib,ayfa edaykarTTYlyk


RBH»vaTrbs;RBHsasþaedayl¥ .

bTfa smµsenþa xn§an M ]TyBVyM ¬BicarNakarekIt nig

karvinaseTAénxn§TaMgLay¦ esckþIfa BicarNakarekIteLIg nig

karGs;eTAén])aTankçn§TaMg 5 GFib,ayfa kñúgxN³enH sUm,IeFV I

kic©eRsc ¬luHRBHGrhtþ¦ ehIy Etk¾enAceRmInvibsSnaedIm,IcUl

plsmabtþi .

bTfa sanu M bdiKÁmisSami ¬nwgRtLb;eTAkan;PñM¦ esckþIfa

eyIgnwgeTAkan;kUnPñ MEdleyIgFøab;enAehIykñúgkalmun .

bTfa vievkmnuRBÚhyM ¬ceRmInvievkteTA¦ esckþIfa kBUn

bdibsST§ivievk nigkayvievk KW plsmabtþi b¤nwgeTAedaykarkBUn

vievkenaHCaehtu .

k¾RBHefr³luHeBaly:agenHehIy eTIbeTARtg;kUnPñMenaHÉg .

k¾KafaenHÉg )anCaKafaBükrN_Grhtþplrbs;RBHefr³enaH .

cb;Gdækfa eKasalefrKafaTI 3

3

-295- Gdækfa Ékni)t vKÁTI 3 suKn§efrKafaTI 4

Gdðkza suKnÆezrKazaTI 4

[25] GnuvsSieka bBVCieta bsS FmµsuFmµtM

tiesSa viC¢a Gnub,tþa ktM BuT§sS sasnnþi .

GñkCabBVCitenAx©IvsSa cUrBicarNaPaBénFm’CaFm’

l¥ viC¢aTaMg 3 Gñk)anseRmcehIy BuT§sasna

Gñkk¾)aneFVIehIy .

RBHsuKn§etßr³ .

Kafarbs;RBHsuKn§etßr manBaküepþImfa Pikç úbYsnUvminTan;

RKb;vsSa . erOgmanmkdUcemþc? .

)anB¤fa kñúgkb,TI 92 rab;GMBIPTÞkb,enH elak)anekItkñúg

kMeNItmnusS kñúgkalrbs;RBHsmµasm<úT§RBHnamfa tisS³ sUm,I

dl;PaBCaGñkdwgkþ IehIy eTAbr)aj;RmwKkñ úgéRB . RBHbrmsasþa

esþcyageTAsEmþgsñamRBH)aT[R)akd edIm,InwgRTg;GnueRKaHeK .

eKeXIjectiy KW RBH)aTrbs;RBHsasþaehIy eRBaHman

GFikarEdleFVITukkñúgRBHBuT§GgÁmun² eTIbekItbItiesamnsSfa {eCIg


TaMgenH CaeCIgrbs;buKÁld¾RbesIrkñ úgelakRBmTaMgeTvelak} eTIb

kan;ykpáasirman; mkeFV IkarbUCa ehIyjúaMgcitþ[RCHføa . eday

buBaØkmµenaH eKekItkñúgeTvelak cuticakeTvelakehIy eFVIbuNüt²

mk Rtac;rgÁat;eTAkñúgeTvta nigmnusSTaMgLay . kñúgkalrbs;

RBHmanRBHPaKRTg;RBHnamfa ksSb³ mkekItCakudum< ik³ k¾bMeBj

mhaTancMeBaHRBHsasþa nigPikçúsgÇ bukxøwmcnÞpSMedayTwkedaHeKa

d¾mantémø labRBHKn§kudi ehIytaMgesckþIR)afñafa {kñúgTIEdl´

ekItehIy² sUm[srIr³rbs;ćUrmankø inRkGUby:agenH} . eKeFVI

buBaØkmµd¾eRcInTukkñ úgPBenaH² Rtac;rgÁat;ehIyEtkñúgsuKtiPB .

kñúgBuT§b,aTkalenH ekItkñúgpÞHrbs;RBahµN_ Edlsm,Úredaysm,tþi

kñ úgRkúgsavtß I .

rab;taMgGMBIevlaEdleKekItenAkñúgépÞénmata srIr³rbs;mata

RkGUbpSayTUeTATaMgpÞH . RKakñúgéf¶EdleKekIt køinRkGUbd¾éRkElg

)anpSBVpSayTUTaMgpÞHGñkCitxagCaBiess . matabitarbs;eKeBal

fa {butþrbs;eyIgnaMeQµaHCab;mktampg} eTIbdak;eQµaHeKfa suKn§³

¬Gñkmankø inRkGUb¦ dUecñaH .


eKceRmInFMFat;eLIgedaylMdab; k¾)anCYbRBHmhaesletßr

sþab;Fm’ehIy bYskñúgsmñak;rbs;elak ceRmInvibsSna seRmc

RBHGrhtþxagkñúg 7 éf¶b: ueNÑaH .


kalmun eyIgCamYybita nigCIta CaGñkeFV I

kargarkñ úgéRB ciBa© wmCIv itedaykarsmøab;bsustV

kuslkmµrbs;eyIgminman .

CitnwgTIenArbs;eyIg RBHBuT§RBHnamfa tisS³

RTg;CaGñknaMd¾kMBUlénelak RTg;manRBHckçú RTg;

)ansEmþgsñamRBH)atTuk 3 kEnøg edIm,IGnueRKaH

¬eyIg¦ .

eyIg)aneXIjsñamRBH)aTrbs;RBHsasþaRBH

namfa tisS³ EdlRBHGgÁRbfab;Tuk CaGñkrIkray

mancitþeRtkGr júaMgcitþ[RCHføakñúgsñamRBH)aT .

1¦ GbTan ¬bidkelx 73 TMB½r 143¦ Ca RBHekarNÐbuböiyetßr .


eyIgeXIjedImsirman; EdlduHGMBIEpndI man

páarIk eTIbkac;ykRBmTaMgsøwk bUCasñamRBH)aTd¾

RbesIrbMput .

eRBaHkmµEdleyIg)aneFVITukl¥ehIyenaH nig

edayectnaEdltaMgmaM eyIglHbg;ragkaymnusS

ehIy k¾eTAkan;sYK’Can;tavtþ igS .

eyIgcUldl;kMeNItNa² KW CaeTvta b¤

mnusSkþ I kñ úgkMeNItenaH² eyIgmanBN’sm,úrdUc

páasirman; manrsµIpSayecjGMBIkay .

kñúgkb,TI 92 GMBIPTÞkb,enH eyIg)aneFV I

kmµNaTuk kñ úgRKaenaH eRBaHkmµenaH eyIgminEdl

sÁal;TuKÁtieLIy enHCaplénkarbUCasñamRBHBuT§-

)aT .




kalelakluHRBHGrhtþehIy kalnwgBüakrN_Grhtþpl

)anPasitKafaenHfa

Pikç úbYsenAminTan;RKb;vsSa smøwgeXIjFm’

Na CaFm’l¥s¥at seRmcviC¢a 3 ehIy )aneFV I

BaküTUnµanrbs;RBHBuT§ eRscehIy .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa GnuvsSieka ¬enAminTan;RKb;vsSa¦

esckþIfa eTAtameRkay KW epþ ImcUlcaMvsSa eTIbeQµaHfa Gnuv-

esSa . GnuvesSa enaHÉg Ca GnuvsSieka .

bTfa bBVCieta ¬bYs¦ esckþIfa cUldl;bBVC¢a GFib,ay

fa CaGñkbYsehIy EtKb,InwgcUlcaMvsSa KW manvsSamYy .

mü:ageTot mann½yfa tameTA KW eTAtameRkay enAminTan;)anvsSa

eTIbeQµaHfa GnuvsS³ . GnuvsS³enaH mandl;Pikçúkarrab;vsSa

eRBaHehtuenaH eTIbeQµaHfa GnuvsSieka ¬enAminTan;)anvsSa¦ .

manvsSanUvminTan;bribUN’ PikçúenaHelakeTIbehAy:agenH eRBaHdUecñaH

elakeTIbeBalfa GnuvsSieka ¬enAminTan;RKb;vsSa¦ .


bTfa bsS FmµsuFmµtM ¬smøwgeXIjFm’CaFm’l¥s¥at¦ n½y

fa elakGñkenAminTan;)anvsSa smøwgeXIjFm’rbs;RBHsasþa rbs;

elakCaFm’Edll¥ KW CasVakçatFm’ )andl; CaniyüanikFm’eday

cMENkmYy . viC¢a 3 KW bueBVnivasBaØaN TiBVckç úBa ØaN Gas-

vkçyBaØaN EdlelakseRmcehIyedaylMdab; KW eFVI[Cak;c,as;

ehIy tGMBIenaHeTA sasnarbs;RBHBuT§ KW BaküTUnµanrbs;RBH

smµasm< úT§ EdleyIgeFV IeRscehIy )andl; RBHGnusasnI KW

RBH»vaTrbs;RBHGgÁtamEdlsikSaehIy eRBaHehtuenaH RBHefr³

EdlekItbItiesamnsS eRBaHGaRs½yPaBCaGñkmankic©EdlxøÜneFV I

eRscehIy eTIbeBaldl;xøÜn edaysmµtifa CabuKÁldéT dUecñH .

cb;Gdækfa suKn§efrKafaTI 4

3

-301- Gdækfa Ékni)t vKÁTI 3 nnÞ iyefrKafaTI 5

Gdðkza nnÞiyezrKazaTI 5

[26] »PasCatM plKÁM citþ M ysS GPiNðesa

taTisM Pikç úmasC¢ kNð TukçM niKcäsIti .

plcitþd¾RbesIr EdlekItedayBnøW ¬énviBaØaN¦

rbs;xINasvPikç úNa GñkCamar mancitþGaRkk;

EtgERCknUvxINasvPikçúenaH ehIydl;nUvesckþI

Tukç erOy² .

RBHnnÞiyetßr³ .

Kafarbs;RBHsuKn§etßr manBaküepþImfa citþrbs;PikçúNa )an

seRmcplBaØaN . erOgmanmkdUcemþc? .

)anB¤fa kñúgkalRBHmanRBHPaKRBHnamfa bTumutþr³ kalRBH

sasþaesþcbriniBVanehIy elak)an[sagTIbUCaedayeQIxøwmcnÞTuk

kñúgRBHectiy eFVIkarbUCaskáar³d¾»Lar taMgGMBIenaH k¾CaGñksm,Úr

edayGFüaRs½y snSMbuBaØkmµEdlCa]bnisS½yénRBHniBVanmkd¾eRcIn

TukkñúgPBenaH² . Rtac;rgÁat;eTAkñúgeTvta nigmnusSTaMgLay kñúg


BuT§b,aTkalenH ekItkñúgRtkUlénsküraC kñúgRkúgkbilB®sþ .

matabitarbs;elakekItnUvesckþIeRtkGreBjcitþ eRBaHdUecñaH

eTIbtaMgeQµaHfa nnÞ iy³ . nnÞiykumarceRmInv½yehIy kalBYk

sakü³TaMgLay manRBHGnuruT §CaedIm bYskñúgsmñak;rbs;RBHbrm

sasþa sUm,Ielakk¾)anbBVC¢aEdr ceRmInvibsSna seRmcRBHGrhtþ

kñ úgkalminyUr eRBaHCaGñkmanGFikarEdleFVITukehIy .


RBHCinRsIRBHnamfa bTumutþr³ RTg;CaeCdæ-

bursénelak RTg;Gg;GacCagnrCn rugerOgdUcduMePøIg

brin iBVanehIy .

kalRBHmhavIr³esþcbriniBVanehIy )anman

sþÚbd¾FM CnTaMgLayykvtßúEdlnwgKb,IfVaycUleTA

taMgTukRtg;sþÚb kñ úgbnÞb;RBHFatud ¾RbesIrbMput .

kñúgRKaenaH eyIgmancitþRCHføa mancitþesa-

1¦ GbTan ¬bidkelx 73 TMB½r 68¦ Ca RBHsbrivar iyetßr .

-3 03- Gdækfa Ékni)t vKÁTI 3 nnÞ iyefrKafaTI 5

mnsS )aneFVIETn ¬exOn¦ bUCaeQIcnÞmYy smKYrdl;

RBHsþÚb fVayFUb nigeRKÓgRkGUb .

kñúgPBEdleyIgekIt KW kñúgGtþPaBeTvta b¤

mnusS eyIgminCYbfa eyIgCabuKÁlefakTabeLIy

enHCaplénbuBVkmµ .

kñúgkb,TI 1>500 GMBIPTÞkb,enH eyIg)anCa

esþccRkBtþi 8 dg RTg;RBHnamfa smtþ³ RKb;GgÁ

manBlanuPaBeRcIn .



kalRBHefr³enHseRmcRBHGrhtþehIy enAkñúgéRB)acInvgS-

miKTayv½n rYmCamYyRBHefr³TaMgLay manRBHGnuruT§³CaedIm . éf¶

mYy marGñkman)ab manbMNgnwgeFV I[elakxøac eTIbsEmþgrUb

EdlKYrxøacdl;elak . RBHefr³dwgPøamfa CamarBit kalsEmþg

[dwgfa {marGñkmancitþ)ab RBHGriybuKÁlBYkNa knøgputGnÞak;

-3 04- brmtßTIbnI Gdækfa x uTÞknikay efrKafa

énmar)anehIy kiriyarbs;GñknwgeFVIGV Idl;RBHGriybuKÁlTaMgenaH)an

xøÜnGñkenaHÉgnwgdl;nUvesckþIceg¥ótcg¥l; esckþItUccitþ eRBaHkareFVI

enaHCaehtu} eTIb)anPasitKafafa

citþrbs;PikçúNa )anseRmcplBaØaN PøWr ug

erOgCanic© Enmar GñkebotebonPikçúenaH nwg)anTTYl

esckþIT ukç .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa »PasCatM ¬Pø Wr ugerOg¦ esckþIfa

eQµaHfa manBnøWekItehIyedayBnøW KW jaN eRBaH)anluHmKÁBaØaN

d¾RbesIr . GFib,ayfa eQµaHfa pUrpg;éRkElg eRBaHPaBggwt

KW kiels RtÚvjaNd¾RbesIrenaHkMcat;Gs;ehIy edayminmaness

sl; .

bTfa plKÁM ¬)anseRmcplBaØaN¦ esckþIfa dl; KW

cUldl;ehIynUvpl GFib,ayfa RbkbedayplBaØaNd¾RbesIr .

RBHefr³ehAcitþrbs;RBHxINaRsBfa citþ edayBaküsamBaØ

eRBaHehtuenaH elakeTIbeBalfa enACanic© . k¾citþenaHrbs;RBH

-305- Gdækfa Ékni)t vKÁTI 3 nnÞ iyefrKafaTI 5

xINaRsBTaMgLayCakarKitd¾x¢ab;x¢ Ün eRBaHbeg¥aneTAkñúgnieraF eTIb KYrnwgeBal)anfa CacitþRbkbedaypl eRBaHcUldl;Grhtþpl-

smabtþi .

bTfa taTisM ¬enaH¦ esckþIfa manrUbdUecñaH )andl; RBH

Grhnþ .

bTfa GasC¢ ¬ebotebon¦ )andl; sgát;sgáin jaMjI .

RBHefr³ehAmarfa kNð³ eRBaHmankmµGaRkk; nigeRBaHman

CatiefakTab .

bTfa TukçM niKcäsi ¬nwg)anTTYlTukç¦ esckþIfa GñknwgcUl

dl; KW RbsBVTukç EdleFVIkay[lM)ak \tRbeyaCn_ edaykar

cUleTAenAkñ úgépÞmnusS ¬ekIt¦ CaedImkñúgCatienH nigTukçkñ úgG)ay

EdlminmanpltbsñgkñúgPBxagmux . marsþab;dUecñaHehIydwgfa

RBHsmN³sÁal;eyIg eTIbGnþrFaneTA dUecñHÉg .

cb;Gdækfa nnÞ iyefrKafaTI 5

3


Gdðkza GPyezrKazaTI 6

[27] sutVa suPasitM vacM BuT§sSaTic©Bn§ úena

bc©BüaFw hi nibuNM valKÁM ]suna yfati .

´)ansþab;RBHvaca CasuPasitrbs;RBHBuT§ CaGaTi- c©Bn§ úehIy )anRtas;dwgnUvGriysc©d¾l¥it ¬dUc

xµan;Fñ Ú CaGñkQøas¦ )aj;cugeramknÞúy ¬énecom¦

edayRBÜj)an .

RBHGPyetßr .

Kafarbs;RBHGPyetßr manBaküepþ Imfa eyIg)ansþab;RBH

vacaEdlCasuPasit . erOgekIteLIgdUcemþc?

)anB¤fa elakbYskñúgsasnarbs;RBHmanRBHPaKRBHnamfa

bTumutþr³ CaRBHFmµkfik kñ úgevlasEmþgFm’ nwgeBalsresIrRBH

manRBHPaK edayKafa 4 Kafamun ehIyeTIbsEmþgFm’kñ úgkalCa

eRkay . edaykmøa MgénbuBaØkmµenaH EdleQµaHfa karbdisn§ikñ úg

G)ay minFøab;mandl;elakGs;kal 100>000 kb, . smdUc

-307- Gdækfa Ékni)t vKÁTI 3 GPyefrKafaTI 6

EdlelakeBalBaküCaKafaTukfa

RBHGPyetßr GñkmancitþRCHføaehIy eBal

sresIrRBHCinRsI RBHnamfa bTumutþr³ EdlCaRBH

symÖÚ elakCaGñkmansT§ad¾»Lar minRtÚveTAkan;

G)ayPUmi Gs;kal 100>000 kb, .

elakCaGñkmanplénbuNükusl EdlrkRbmaNmin)an

dUecñaH eRBaHsm,tþ i manextþsm,tþiCaedIm nigeRBaHbuBVectna bcäi-

mectna nigsnñidæanectnarbs;elakd¾»Lary:agéRkElg . smdUc

EdlelakeBalTukfa {kalbuKÁlRCHføakñ úgRBHBuT§ nigRBHFm’Edl

CaGcietþyü³ rEmgmanvi)akCaGcietþyü³} dUecñH .

k¾buNüEdlelaksnSMTukkñúgPBenaH² rEmgCa]btßmÖkb,c©½y

dl;elak . BitehIy elak)aneFVIkarbUCaRBHmanRBHPaKRBHnam

fa vibsSI edaypáarMeck edayplbuNüd¾Biessy:ag»LardUecñH

elakeTIbRtac;rgÁat;eTAEtkñ úgsuKtiPBb:ueNÑaH kñ úgBuT§b,aTkalenH

ekItCaRBH»rsrbs;RBH)aTBim<isar elakmannamfa GP½y . erOg


ra:vrbs;elak nwgCak;c,as;enAxagmux ¬teTA¦ . elakEdlniRKnß-

nadæbutþ[sikSabBaða 2 bBaða nigRtÚvbBa¢ÚneTAedayR)ab;fa {elak

cUrsYrbBaðaenH ehIyelIkvaT³RKbsgát;RBHsmNeKatm} eTIbcUl

eTAKal;RBHmanRBHPaK TUlsYrbBaðaenaH kalRBHmanRBHPaKRtas;

fa bBaðaenaHCaGenkgSBüakrN_ ¬eqøIy)aneRcInn½y¦ karbraC½y

eTIbmandl;BYkniRKnß nigelakdwgfa RBHsasþaCaRBHsmµasm<úT §

eTIbRbkasPaBCa])ask .

tGMBIenaH kalRBH)aTBim< isaresayTivgÁtehIy elakekIt

esckþIsegVK eTIbbYskñúgRBHsasna )anCaRBHesatabnñ eday

talcäiKÁLÚbmsURteTsna R)arB§vibsSna eFVI[Cak;c,as;RBHGrhtþ

ehIy .

smKYrKafaRbB½n§EdlelakeBalTukkñúgGbTanfa¬1¦

RBHBuT§Ca]tþmburs RTg;Rbfab;naRcaMgsÞwg

vintanTI eyIg)anCYbRBHBuT§CaGñkR)ascakFUlI KW

1¦ GbTan ¬bidkelx 75 TMB½r 245¦ Ca RBHektkbubö iyetßr .


kiels CaÉkGKÁbuKÁl manRBHT½ynwgFwgl¥ .

RKaenaH eyIgmancitþRCHføa mancitþesamnsS

bUCaRBHBuT §CabuKÁlRbesIrbMput edaypáaektEdl

mankøinRkGUbdUcTwkXµú M .


edaypáaeQINa eRBaHkarbUCaenaH eyIgminEdl

sÁal;TuKÁtieLIy enHCaplénBuT§bUCa .



kalelakseRmcRBHGrhtþehIy kalnwgBüakrN_RBHGr-

htþpl edayRbkasvtþbdibtþ irbs;xø Ün eTIb)anPasitKafafa

eyIg)ansþab;RBHvaca EdlCasuPasitrbs;

RBHBuT§ CaepABgSRBHGaTitü eTIb)anRtas;dwgnUvRBH

Fm’d¾l¥it dUcbuKÁl)aj;cugeramRTay edaykUnsr

dUecñaH .


bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa sutVa ¬)ansþab;¦ esckþIfa epÞóg

esat³cuHBicarNatamRkEsénesatTVar .

bTfa suPasitM ¬RBHvacaEdlCasuPasit¦ esckþIfa Rtas;

l¥ehIy KW Rtas;ehIyedayRbéBenaHÉg )andl; FmµkfaEdl

RbkasGriysc©³ 4 EdlRBHd¾manRBHPaKRTg;mineFV IcMENkNa[

xusPøat;Rtas;TukehIy edayjúaMgRbeyaCn_tamEdlRBHGgÁRTg;RBH

bMNg[seRmcedaycMENkmYy eRBaHPaBCaGñkRtas;dwgÉgeday

RbéB nigeRBaHRTg;manRBHmhakruNa . GFib,ayfa RBHFmµeTsna

rbs;RBHBuT§minmanGVIeRkAGMBIsc©Fm’ .

bTfa BuT§sS ¬rbs;RBHBuT§¦ )andl; RBHsBVBaØÚBuT§ . bT

fa GaTic©Bn§úena ¬epABgSRBHGaTitü¦ esckþIfa RBHmanRBHPaK

RTg;RBHnamfa GaTic©Bn§ú eRBaHGtßfa manRBHGaTitüCaepABgS eRBaH

RbsUtikñ úgGaTitüvgS rbs;RBHmanRBHPaKEdlCaepABgSRBHGaTitü

RBHGgÁenaH . mü:ageTot RBHmanRBHPaKRTg;RBHnamfa GaTic©Bn§ ú

eRBaHGtßfa CaepABgSénRBHGaTitü eRBaHPaBEdlRBHmanRBHPaKCa


»rsénRBHGaTitüenaH .

eRBaHehtuenaH eTIbRBHmanRBHPaKRtas;fa

{sur iy³NaCaGñkbMPø W eFVIesckþIP ø WsVagkñ úgTI

ggwt mansNæanCavg;mUl manetCHx<s; mñalrahU

GñkkuMelbsuriy³enaH EdlkMBugcreTAkñúgGakas rahU

GñkcUrElgsuriy³ EdlCabutþrbs;tfaKt .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa bc©BüaFw ¬dwgc,as;cak;FøúH¦ )andl;

cak;Fø úHehIy . sBÞfa hi RtwmEtCani)at .

bTfa nibuNM ¬d¾l¥it¦ esckþIfa l¥itl¥n; KW suxumy:ag

éRkElg )andl; nieraFsc©³ b¤Griysc©³enaHÉg .

mü:ageTot sBÞfa hi Cani)at cuHkñúgGtßénehtu . mann½y

fa eRBaHcak;FøúHehIynUvsc©Fm’TaMg 4 d¾l¥it dUecñaH vtßúGVIEdlnwg

RtÚvcak;FøúHeTotkñ úgkal\LÚvenH eTIbminman . edIm,Inwgeqø Iytb

BaküsYrfa dUccak;FøúHGVI? RBHefr³eTIbeBalfa dUcbuKÁl)aj;cugeram

RTayedaykUnsrdUecñaH . RbkbesckþIfa cak;Fø úHGriysc©³ 4 d¾


l¥it dUcnayxµan;Fñ ÚEdlCMnaj hVwkhat;mkl¥ )aj;cugeramRTay

EdlEckCa 7 cMENk edaykUnsr KW kUnekATNÐ minxusdUecñaH .

cb;Gdækfa GPyefrKafaTI 6

3

-313- Gdækfa Ékni)t vKÁTI 3 elamskgÁiyefrKafaTI 7

Gdðkza elamskg<iyezrKazaTI 7

[28] TiBV M PusM e)adkilM ]sIr M muBa©bBVCM ]rsa bnuThisSami vievkmnuRBÚhynþi .

kalćeRmInv ievkFm’ k¾kMcat;bg;esµAcieBa©ón s,Úv

Kum<eQImanbnøa s,ÚvrNþas esµAdMeNkTnSay nig

esµAyabøg KW kielseRKatRKat kNþal l¥it

edayRTÚg KW esckþIBüayam)an .

RBHelamskgÁiyefr³ .

Kafarbs;RBHelamskgÁiyetßr manBaküepþImfa eyIgnwgyk

RTÚgEvkéRBesµAcieBa©ón . erOgekIteLIgdUcemþc?

)anB¤fa kñúgkb,TI 91 GMBIPTÞkb,enH elakCYbRBHmanRBH-

PaKRBHnamfa vibsSI mancitþRCHføa bUCaedaypáaeQIepSg² ehIy

eTAekItkñúgeTvelakedaybuBaØkmµenaH eFVIbuNüt² mk Rtac;rgÁat;

enAkñ úgsuKtiEtmü:ag . kñúgsasnarbs;RBHmanRBHPaKRBHnamfa

ksSb³ bYsehIybMeBjsmNFm’ . k¾edaysm½yenaH kñúgkal


RBHbrmsasþaRtas;PeTÞkrtþb,dibTaehIy Pikç úmYyrUbsnÞnaCamYy

elakkñúgerOgPeTÞkrtþsURt . elakGFib,ayPeTÞkrtþsURtenaHmin

)an kalGFib,aymin)an eTIbtaMgbNiFanfa {kñ úgGnaKtsUm[

ĆaGñkGacsEmþgPeTÞkrtþsURtdl;elak} . Pikç úGgÁenaHeTIbeBal

fa {ńwgsYr} . kñúgbNþaPikçú 2 rUb GgÁmunRtac;rgÁat;eTAkñúgeTvta

nigmnusSTaMgLayGs;mYyBuT§nþr ehIyekItkñúgRtkUlénsküraC

kñúgRkúgkbilBsþú kñ úgkalénRBHmanRBHPaKrbs;eyIgTaMgLay .

eRBaHPaBCasuxumalCatirbs;elak eTIbmaneramduHRtg;)at

eCIg dUcRBHesaN³ eRBaHehtuenaH eKeTIbtaMgnamelakfa elam-

skgÁiy³ .

mYyGgÁeTotekItkñúgeTvelak )annamfa cnÞn³ kalskü-

kumarTaMgLaymanRBHGnuruT§³CaedIm ecjbYs EtRBHelamskgÁiy³

minR)afñabYs .

lMdab;enaH eTvbutþeQµaHcnÞn³cUleTArkeK ehIysYrPeTÞ-

krtþb,dibTaedIm,Inwg[eKsegVK . eKeqøIyfa mindwg . eTvbutþeTIb


sYreTotfa {ebIdUecñaH ehtuGVI elakeTIbeFVInUvkarsnüaTukfa eyIg

nwgsEmþgPeTÞkrtþb,dibTa ¬kñúgGnaKt¦ Et\LÚvenH sUm,IEteQµaH

k¾caMmin)an?} .

elamskgÁiymaNB eTIbcUleTAKal;RBHmanRBHPaK RBm

CamYycnÞneTvbutþenaH ehIyTUlsYrfa {bBiRtRBHGgÁd¾ceRmIn )an

B¤fa ´RBHGgÁ)aneFVIkarsnüaTukkñ úgPBmunfa eyIgnwgsEmþgPeTÞk-

rtþb,dibTadl;eTvbutþenHEmnb¤ RBHGgÁ?} RBHmanRBHPaKRtas;fa

{EmnehIykulbutþ GñkeFV IkarsnüaTuky:agenH kñ úgkalénRBHman-

manRBHPaKRBHnamfa ksSb³} .

esckþIénerOgenaH bNÐitKb,IRCabedayBisþar edayn½yman

mkehIykñúg]briNÑask³ . lMdab;enaH elamskgÁiymaNBTUl

fa {bBiRtRBHGgÁd¾ceRmIn ebIdUecñaH sUmRBHGgÁRTg;cUr[´RBHGgÁ

bYscuH} . RBHmanRBHPaKRtas;hamfa {RBHtfaKtTaMgLaynwg

minjúaMgbutþEdlmatabitaenAminTan;)anGnuBaØatþ[bBVC¢a} . eKcUl

eTAkan;smñak;rbs;RBHmataehIy eBalfa {RBHmata cUrGnuBaØat[


kUnbYscuH} kalRBHmataeBalfa {kUneGIy GñkCasuxumalCati

nwgbYs)andUcemþc} kalnwgR)ab;fa elakGacGt;RTaMnwgGnþray)an

eTIbeBalKafafa

eyIgnwgykRTÚgEvkesµAcieBa©ón s,Úv esµA

ssit s,ÚvrNþas esµAyabøg esµAdMeNkTnSay

ceRmInv ievk .

bNþabTTaMgenaH elakehAesµAcieBa©ónfa TBV³ TIxøHelak

k¾ehAfa sTÞúl³ .

bTfa kulM esµInwg kustiNM ¬)andl; s,ÚvPøaMg¦ TIxøHelak

ehAfa kas³ . bTfa e)adkilM ¬esµAssit¦ )andl; Kum<esµA

TaMgEdlmanbnøa nigminman kñúgTIenHelakbMNgykcMeBaHEtman

bnøab: ueNÑaH . tiNCatiman ]sIrM ¬s,ÚvrNþas¦ CaedIm gay

yl; . esµATaMgLaymanesµAcieBa©ónCaedIm cat;CaesµAEdlmutxøH

eRBaHkalCan; k¾eFVI[ekItkarQWcab; TaMgeFVI[ekItGnþraykñúgevla

edIreTA b: uEnþfa xø ÜneyIgnwgykRTÚgEvkesµATaMgenaH KW eRbIedImRTÚg


EvkesµATaMgenaHeTA . elaksEmþgfa kalRtÚvykRTÚgEvkesµA

k¾Gt;sgát;nUvTukç EdlekItGMBIesµAenaH)any:agenH k¾nwgGaccUleTA

kan;Kum<eQIkñ úgéRB bMeBjsmNFm’)an .

bTfa vievkmnuRBÚhyM ¬ceRmInvievk¦ esckþIfa ceRmInkay-

vievk citþvievk nig]bFivievk . GFib,ayfa citþvievkrEmgmandl;

GñkEdllHkarRclUkRcLMedayBYk ehIyceRmInkayvievkEtmü:ag

júaMgcitþ[taMgmaMkñ úgGarmµN_NamYy kñúgbNþaGarmµN_ 38 Rbkar

minmandl;buKÁlEdleRtkGrkñúgkarRclUkRcLMedayBYk . karseRmc

]bFivievk edaykarjúaMgkiels[Gs;eTA rEmgminmandl;Gñkman

citþCasmaFienaHÉg GñkbMeBjvibsSna nigGñkeFVIsmf³vibsSna[

CaFm’KU rEmgminmandl;GñkEdlminmancitþCasmaFi . eRBaHehtu

enaH éTIbeBalfa bTfa vievkmnuRBÚyM ¬ceRmInvievk¦ )andl;

ceRmInkayvievk citþvievk nig]bFivievk . k¾kalelamskgÁiy-

maNB GñkEdlCabutþeBaly:agenHehIy RBHmataeTIbRBmGnuBaØat

fa {ebIdUecñaH kUncUrbYscuH} .


eKcUleTAKal;RBHmanRBHPaK TUlsUmbBVC¢a . RBHsasþa

eTIb[eKbYs . Pikç úTaMgLayeBalnwgRBHelamskgÁiy³EdlbYs

ehIy eFVIbuBVkic©eRscehIy eronkmµdæan nwgcUleTAkan;éRBfa {Gñk

manGayu elakCakSRtsuxumalCati nwgcUleTAenAkñ úgéRB)anb¤?}

elakeBalKafadEdreTotdl;Pikç úTaMgenaH ehIycUleTAkan;

éRB BüayamRbkbPavna )anCaGñkmanGPiBaØa 6 kñúgkalminyUr

eLIy .

smdUcKafaRbB½n§EdlelakeBalTukkñ úgGb,Tanfa¬1¦

eyIg)annaMpáaxÞ wg¬2¦ mkbUCaRBHsmµasm<úT §

EdlmanRBHqvIvNÑPø WepøkdUcmas RTg;smKYrTTYl

eRKÓgbUCa EdlesþckMBg;yageTAkñúgpø Úv .



1¦ GbTan ¬bidkelx 75 TMB½r 247¦ Ca RBHnaKbuböiyetßr/ 2¦ ERbtam)alIkñúgGbTan naKbuböM kñúgGdækfaenHCa nana-bueböhi = páaeQIepSg² .





RBHefr³kalseRmcRBHGrhtþehIy kalnwgBüakrN_Grhtþ-

pl )aneBalKafaenaHÉgdEdleTot dUecñHÉg .

cb;Gdækfa elamskgÁiyetßrKafaTI 7

3


Gdðkza Cm¬úKamikbutþezrKazaTI 8

[29] kc©i ena vtßbsueta kc©i ena PUsnareta

kc©i sIlmyM Kn§M tV M vasi entra bCati .

GñkminxVl;xVaycMeBaHsMBt;eTb¤ mineRtkGrcMeBaHkar

s¥its¥ageTb¤ GñkpSaykøinseRmcGMBIsIlFm’b¤ t,it

BYkstVeRkAGMBIenH minpSay ¬kø indUecñaHeT¦ .

Cm<úKamikbutþefr³ .

Kafarbs;RBHCm<úKamikbutþetßr epþ Imfa elakCaGñkxVl;x Vay

kñúgerOgsMBt;b¤ . erOgekIteLIgdUcemþc?

)anB¤fa elakCaGñkmanGFikareFVITukehIykñúgRBHBuT§GgÁmun²

snSMkuslEdlCa]bnisS½yénRBHniBVanTukkñúgPBenaH² kñúgkal

rbs;RBHmanRBHPaKRBHnamfa evsSPU kñ úgkb,TI 31 GMBIPTÞkb,

enH kñúgéf¶mYyelakeXIjpáacar eTIbebHpáacarTaMgenaH e)aHpáaeTA

kñ úgGakas xN³rBJkdl;RBHBuT§KuN bUCaedaycMeBaHRBHmanRBH-

PaK . edaybuBaØkmµenaH elak)aneTAekItkñ úgPBtavtþ igS .

-321- Gdækfa Ékni)t vKÁTI 3 Cm< úKamikbutþefrKafaTI 8

tGMBIenaH elakeFVIbuNüCaeRcIn Rtac;rgÁat;eTAmkkñúgeTvelak

nigmnusSTaMgLay kñúgBuT§b,aTkalenH mkekItCabutþrbs;])ask

eQµaHfa Cm<úKamik³ kñúgcm,:anKr eRBaHehtuenaH eKeTIb)annamfa

Cm<úKamikbutþ dUcKña . eKceRmInv½yehIy sþab;Fm’kñ úgsmñak;rbs;

RBHmanRBHPaK k¾ekItesckþItk;søúteTIbbBVC¢a eFVIbuBVkic©ehIy eron

ykkmµdæan GaRs½yenAkñ úgéRBGBa¢nv½n CitRkúgsaekt .

lMdab;enaH bitarbs;elak edIm,InwgBiesaFfa elakkUn

rbs;eyIgenAeRtkGrkñúgRBHsasnaEdlb¤eT eTIbsresrKafabBa¢Ún

eTAmanxøwmsarfa {elakCaGñkxVl;xVaykñúgerOgsMBt;b¤} CaedIm .

elakGansMbuRtenaHehIy ekItesckþIsegVKfa ejambitaregÁós

karenAedayesckþIRbmaTrbs;eyIg nigrhUtdl;éf¶enH eyIgk¾minTan;

knøgputPUmibufuC¢n)an eTIbRbwgERbgBüayam )anCaGñkmanGPiBaØa

6 kñúgkalminyUr .


1¦ GbTan ¬bidkelx 75 TMB½r 204¦ Ca RBHkwsukbubö iyetßr .


eyIgeXIjpáacarrIk eTIbpÁgGBa¢lIrBJkdl;

RBHBuT§CabuKÁlRbesIrbMput ehIybUCakñúgGakas .




kñúgkb,TI 31 GMBIPTÞkb,enH eyIgeFVIkmµNa

Tuk kñ úgRKaenaH eRBaHkmµenaH eyIgminEdlsÁal;

TuKÁtieLIy enHCaplénBuT§bUCa .



kalelakseRmcRBHGrhtþehIy eTAkan;RkúgCaTIenArbs;

BYkjati kalnwgRbkasfa RBHsasnaCaniyüanikFm’ eTIbsEmþg

)adiharü . jatiTaMgLaymancMnYneRcIn eXIj)adiharüenaHehIy

mancitþRCHføa eTIb[sagsgÇaramfVay . sUm,IRBHefr³k¾eFV IKafa

Edlbitarbs;xøÜnbBa¢ÚneTA[CakegVr ¬vtßúsRmab;TUnµandMrI¦ RbwgERbg


Büayam eTIbeFVI[Cak;c,as;nUvRBHGrhtþ . kalnwgBüakrN_RBH

Grhtþpl edIm,InwgbUCaKuNrbs;bita elak)aneBalKafaenaHÉg

fa

elakenACaGñkxVl;xVaykñúgerOgsMBt;b¤ eRtkGr

kñúgeRKÓgRbdab;b¤ elakeFVIkø inEdlseRmcedaysIl

[pSayeTAb¤ RkúmbuKÁleqateRkAGMBIenH eFVIkø inEdl

seRmcedaysIl [pSayeTAmin)an .

bNþabTTaMgenaH sBÞfa kc©i ¬b¤¦ Cani)ateRbIkñúgBaküsYr .

bTfa ena ¬min¦ eRbIkñúgkarbdiesF .

bTfa vtßbsueta ¬xVl;xVaykñúgerOgsMBt;¦ esckþIfa GñkxVl;

xVaykñúgsMBt; ehAfa vtßbsut³ )andl; eRtkGrkñ úgkarRbdab;

tak;EtgcIvrCaedIm . k¾bTfa xVl;xVaykñúgsMBt; enH RtwmEtCakar

]bma eRBaHelakrYmdl;karhamkareFVIEdlKµansar³ mankartubEtg

)aRtCaedImpg . )az³fa kc©i n vtßbsueta dUecñHk¾man . k¾man

n½ydUcKña .


bTfa PUsnareta ¬eRtkGrkñúgeRKÓgRbdab;¦ n½yfa eRtkGr

ehIy KW eRtkGréRkElgkñúgkarRbdab;tak;EtgGtþPaB . dUcPikç ú

mYyrUbsUm,IbYsehIy k¾Kg;ERbRbÜl TMnukbRmúgkay xVl;xVaykñúg

karRbdab;tak;EtgbrikçarmancIvrCaedIm nigragkayrbs;xøÜnÉg .

xøwmsarénbTTaMg 2 kñúgKafaenH mandUecñHfa min)anCaGñkxVl;xVay

kñúgbrikçar nigmin)aneRtkGrkñ úgkarRbdab;tak;Etg xøHb¤? .

bTfa sIlmyM Kn§M ¬køinEdlseRmcedaysIl¦ esckþIfa

elakjúaMgkø inEdlseRmcedaysIl EdlRtas;Tukfa {k¾køinrbs;

elakGñkmansIlrEmgpSayeTA Cakøind¾]tþmkñúgBBYkeTB} [pSay

eTAedayGMNacéncitþ 4 y:ag EdlbrisuT§edayl¥ edaykarjúaMg

PaBCaGñkmansIlmindac;CaedIm [ekIteLIg ¬xøHb¤eT¦ GFib,ayfa

elakmankitþisBÞd¾s¥at l,IeTAkan;TisTaMgBYg edaymUlénsIl-

sm,tþi xøHEdrb¤ .

bTfa entra bCa ¬RkúmmnusSeqateRkAGMBIenH¦ esckþIfa

BYkCnGñkRTúsþsIleRkAGMBIenH júaMgkøinsIl[pSayeTAmin)an KW


eQµaHfa júaMgkøins¥úy EdlseRmcGMBIPaBCaGñkRTúsþsIl [pSay

eTA eRBaHPaBCaGñkRTúsþsIlenaHÉg GFib,ayfa elakminjúaMg

kø ins¥úy[pSayeTAy:agenH ehIyjúaMgkøinEdlseRmcedaysIl

[pSayeTA)anxøHb¤ .

mü:ageTot edaybTfa entra bCa enH bitaRBHefr³eBal

karpSayeTAénkøinsIl kñúgdMeNIrpÞúyKñafa RkúmCnGñkRTúsþsIleRkA

GMBIenH júaMgkøinsIl[pSayeTAmin)aneLIy eRBaHkøinseRmceday

sIleTIbpSayeTA)an .

cb;Gdækfa Cm<úKamikbutþetßrKafaTI 8

3


Gdðkza haritezrKazaTI 9

[30] s mu nñ m y m tþ a nM ]sukaerav etCnM

citþ M ]CuM kritVan GviC¢ M Pin Þ haritati .

buKÁlkalBt;xø Ün ¬[Rtg;¦ dUcCagGñkeFV IRBÜj Bt;

RBÜj luHeFV Ic itþ[Rtg;ehIy eTIbTMlay naMecj

nUvGviC¢a)an .

RBHharitetßr .

Kafarbs;RBHharitetßr epþImfa harit³ GñkcUrelIkxøÜneLIg .


)anB¤fa elakCaGñkmanGFikarEdleFVITukehIy kñúgRBHBuT§

GgÁmun² snSMKMnrbuNüEdlCa]bnisS½yénRBHniBVanTuk kñúgPBenaH²

CYbRBHbec©ksm<úT§RBHnamfa suTsSn³ kñúgkb,TI 31 GMBIPTÞkb,

enH CaGñkmancitþRCHføa eFV IkarbUCaedaypáaGBa¢ ½nexov elakRtac;

rgÁat;eTAkñ úgsuKtiPBEtmü:agedaybuBaØkmµenaH kñ úgBuT§b,aTkalenH

mkekItkñúgRtkUlRBahµNmhasal kñúgRkúgsavtß I elak)annam

-327- Gdækfa Ékni)t vKÁTI 3 haritefrKafaTI 9

fa harit³ .

kaleKceRmInv½yehIy matabita)annaMkumarIEdlCaFItarbs;

RBahµN_EdlsmKña edayRtkUl nigrUbCaedIm mk[ . eKesay

ePaKRTBürYmCamYykumarIenaH smøwgemIlrUbsm,tþirbs;xøÜn nigrbs;

nagehIy EdlFmµtadas;etOnehIy )annUvesckþIsegVKfa Edl

eQµaHfa rUbdUecñH nwgRtÚvCra nigmc©úraCjaMjIkñ úgevlaminyUr .

kalknøgeTAmin)anb:unµanéf¶ Bs;EvkxaMPriyarbs;eKsøab;

eKekItesckþIsegVKeRBaHehtuenaHy:agéRkElg eTIbeTAkan;smñak;

rbs;RBHsasþa sþab;Fm’ehIy kat;esckþICab;CMBak;kñúgkarRKb;RKg

pÞH)an eTIbecjbYs . kalelakeronkmµdæanEdlsmKYrdl;crwt

kmµdæank¾minseRmc citþminsÞúHeTARtg;pøÚv elakcUleTAkan;pÞHedIm,I

biNÐ)at eXIjGñkeFV IRBÜjmñak; dak;kUnsrcUlkñúgeRKÓgeFVIkarkat;

[Rtg; k¾Kitfa {CagsrenH Bt;kUnsrEdlminmancitþ[Rtg;)an

ehtuGVI eyIgmineFV Icitþ ¬rbs;xø Ün¦ [Rtg;)anhñ +} k¾RtLb;GMBITIenaH

Ég GgÁúyR)arB§vibsSnaenAkñ úgTIsRmakevlaéf¶ .


lMdab;enaH RBHmanRBHPaKRbfab;Kg;kñúgGakas GMBIxagelI

elak kalnwgRbTan»vaT )anRtas;RBHKafafa

harit³ GñkcUrelIkxøÜneLIg dUcCagRBÜjelIk

kUnRBÜjeLIgBt; GñkcUreFVIc itþ[Rtg; ehIyTmøay

GviC¢aecj .

EtGacarüBYkxøHeBalfa RBHefr³enHÉg kalnwgTUnµanxøÜn[

dUcCaTUnµanGñkdéT )aneBal ¬KafaenH¦ Tuk .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa smunñmyM ¬cUrelIkxø ÜneLIg¦ n½y

fa elIkxøÜneLIgedayl¥ GFib,ayfa elIkxøÜnGMBIesckþIx¢ ilRcGUs

enaH min[Føak;eTAkñúgcMENkénesckþIx¢ ilRcGUs edayGMNacs-

mabtþi RbkbesckþIBüayam[erOy² .

bTfa GtþanM ¬xøÜn¦ )andl; citþ . mü:ageTot bTfa smu-

nñmyM ¬cUrelIkxøÜneLIg¦ esckþIfa elIkxøÜneLIgGMBIFm’CacMENkén

esckþIx¢ilRcGUs . m GkSr eFVInaTIP¢ab;bT . GFib,ayfa ebIcitþ

rbs;GñkminRbRBwtþeTARtg;pø Úvénkmµdæan eRBaHPaBCaGñkmanesckþI

-329- Gdækfa Ékni)t vKÁTI 3 haritefrKafaTI 9

BüayamFUrfy GñkcUrelIkcitþenaHeLIgedayl¥ edayGMNacénkar

R)arB§esckþIBüayam KW eFV Imin[FUrfy min[mankMNYc esckþI

fa harit³ kalGñkeFV Iy:agenH eQµaHfa ¬elIkxø ÜneLIgGMBIesckþI

x¢ilRcGUs¦ dUcCagRBÜjelIkkUnRBÜjeLIgBt;dUecñaH GñkcUreFV Icitþ

[Rtg; ehIyTmøayGviC¢aecj eRbóbdUcCagRBÜj kalnwgBt;RBÜj

Edlevoc nigminRtg;sUm,ItictUc rEmgBt;[Rtg; edIm,Inwg)aj;)an

Rtg; y:agNa Gñkk¾dUecñaH kalnwgBt;citþEdlrYjra eRBaHFøak;eTA

kñ úgesckþIx¢ ilRcGUsedaymin)anrkSaTuk Bt;citþEdlrYjra eRBaH

Føak;eTAkñúg]T§c©³edaymin)anrkSaTuk RtÚveFVIcitþ[Rtg; eday[dl;

Gb,na CaGñkmancitþtaMgmaM xVl;xVaykñúgvibsSna cUrTmøay KW

kMcat;GviC¢a edaymKÁBaØaNd¾RbesIr edayrh½s .


kñúgTIminq¶ayGMBIPñMhimBanþ mankUnPñMmYyeQµaH

fa vsl³¬2¦ RBHbec©kBuT§RBHnamfa suTsSn³ enA

1¦ GbTan ¬bidkelx 73 TMB½r 112¦ Ca RBHkudCbuböiyetßr/ 2¦ )alI Ca Gc©ela .


Rtg;jkPñM .

eyIgkan;páaeQIEdlekItkñúgéRBhimBanþ ehaH

eLIgkan;GakaskñúgTIenaH eyIg)anCYbRBHsm<úT§Gñk

qøg»X³)anehIy CaGñkminmanGasv³ .

RKaenaH eyIgkan;ykpáaGBa¢½nexov TUlelI

sIs³ehIy bUCaRBHsymÖÚBuT§ GñkEsVgrkKuNd¾FM

éRkElg .






RBHefr³ kalseRmcRBHGrhtþehIy kalnwgBüakrN_RBH

Grhtþpl eTIb)aneBalKafaenaHÉgdEdleTot .

cb;Gdækfa haritetßrKafaTI 9 3

-331- Gdækfa Ékni)t vKÁTI 3 ]tþ iyefrKafaTI 10

Gdðkza ótþiyezrKazaTI 10

[31] GaBaeF em smub,enñ sti em ]bbC¢f

GaBaeFa em smub,enña kaela em nb,mC¢itunþi .

kalebIGaBaF ekIteLIgdl;´ sµartIekIteLIgdl;´fa

GaBaFekIteLIgdl;GatµaGjehIy enHCakalEdl

GatµaGjminKYrRbmaT .

Kafarbs;RBH]tþiyetßr epþImfa kalGaBaFekIteLIgdl;eyIg .


)anB¤mkfa elakCaGñkmanGFikarEdl)aneFV ITukkñ úgRBHBuT§

GgÁmun² snSMbuNüEdlCa]bnisS½yénRBHniBVanTuk kñ úgPBenaH²

kñúgkb,TI 94 GMBIPTÞkb,enH kñúgkalrbs;RBHmanRBHPaKRBHnamfa

siT§tß³ ekItCastVRkeBI manrUbragFM enAkñ úgsÞwgcnÞPaKa .

eXIjRBHmanRBHPaK esþcyagcUleTACitRcaMgsÞwg edIm,Inwg

qøgeRtIy k¾mancitþRCHføa bMNgnwgnaMesþcqøgeRtIy eTIbEhlmk

edkEk,rRcaMg . RBHmanRBHPaK kalnwgRTg;GnueRKaH eTIbRTg;Rbfab;


QrelIxñgRkeBIenaH . RkeBIesamnsSrIkray edaykmøaMgénbIti eFVI

[man]sSah³CaTIVKuN Ehlkat;RkExSTwk naMRBHmanRBHPaKeTAkan;

eRtIyxagnay edaysnÞúHd¾rh½s . RBHd¾manRBHPaKRTg;RbemIl

emIlesckþIRCHføaéncitþrbs;RkeBIehIy RTg;BüakrN_fa {RkeBIenH

cuticakPBenHehIy nwgeTAekItkñúgeTvelak taMgGMBIenaH k¾nwg

Rtac;rgÁat;eTAkñúgsuKtiPBEtmü:ag ehIyseRmcGmtFm’ kñ úgkb,TI

94 rab;GMBIenH} ehIyyagecjeTA . RkeBIvilvl;Etkñ úgsuKtiPB

b:ueNÑaHdUceBalmk edayGakary:agenaH . kñúgBuT§b,aTkalenH

k¾ekItCabutþrbs;RBahµN_mñak; kñúgRkúgsavtßI )annamfa ]tþiy³ .

eKceRmInv½yehIy Kitfa {eyIgnwgEsVgrkGmtFm’} eTIb

bYsCabriBVaCk éf¶mYy eKeTAKal;RBHmanRBHPaK sþab;Fm’ehIy

bYskñúgRBHsasna minGacjúaMgKuNviess[ekIteLIg)an eRBaH

sIlCaedImminbrisuT§ eXIjPikç údéT júaMgKuNviess[ekItehIy

BüakrN_RBHGrhtþpl eTIbcUleTAKal;RBHsasþa TUlsUmnUv»vaT

edaysegçb .

-333- Gdækfa Ékni)t vKÁTI 3 ]tþiyefrKafaTI 10

sUm,IRBHbrmsasþa k¾RTg;)anRbTan»vaTdl;elak eday

segçbdUcKña manCaGaTifa {]tþ iy³ eRBaHdUecñaH kñúgFmµvin½yenH

GñkcUrCRmHsIl[brisuT§CaxagedImsin} elaktaMgenAkñúg»vaTrbs;

RBHsasþaehIy R)arB§vibsSna . GaBaF)anekItdl;elakEdl

epþImvibsSnaehIy nigkalGaBaFekIteLIgehIy elakekItesckþI

segVK epþImtaMgesckþIBüayam ceRmInkmµdæankñúgvibsSna xVl;xVay

kñúgvibsSna k¾)anseRmcRBHGrhtþ .


evlaenaH eyIgCaRkeBIenAEk,rRcaMgsÞwgcnÞ-

PaKa eyIgxVl;xVayrkcMNIrbs;xøÜn eTIb)aneTAkan;

kMBg;Twk .

sm½yenaH RBHsymÖÚCaGKÁbuKÁl RBHnamfa

siT§tß³ bMNgnwgesþcyagqøgsÞwg eTIbesþcyag

mkkMBg;T wk .

1¦ GbTan ¬bidkelx 72 TMB½r 180¦ Ca RBH]tþiyetßr dUcKña .


kalRBHsmµasm<úT§esþcyagmkdl; eyIgk¾

mkdl;Rtg;kMBg;TwkenaH luHcUleTACitRBHsmµa-

sm<úT §ehIy )anRkabTUldUecñHfa

sUmnimnþesþceLIg ¬elIxñg´RBHGgÁ¦ cuH RBH

mhavIr³ ´RBHGgÁnwgnaMRBHGgÁqøgeTA enHCavis½yCab;

tmkGMBIbitarbs;´RBHGgÁ bBiRtRBHmhamunI sUm

RBHGgÁRTg;GnueRKaHcuH .

RBHmhamunIRTg;sþab;BaküTUlnimnþrbs;eyIg

ehIy esþck¾yageLIg ¬kan;xñg¦ eyIgrIkray man

citþeRtkGr )anyagRBHmanRBHPaK CaGñknaMrbs;

elakqøgeTA .

Rtg;eRtIysÞwgÉnay RBHmanRBHPaKsiT§tß³

CaGñknaMrbs;elak RTg;júa MgeyIg[eBjcitþ Rtg;

TIenaHfa Gñknwg)anseRmcGmtFm’ .

eyIgXøatcakkayenaHehIy )aneTAkan;eTv-


elak EhhmeTAedayRsIeTBGbSr esaysuxEdl

CaTiBV .

eyIg)anCaesþceTvta esayeTvsm,tþi 7

dg )anCaesþccRkBtþi GñkCaFMkñ úgEpndI 3 dg .

eyIgxVl;xVaykñúgv ievk manbBaØa nigsRgÜm

l¥ehIy tmál;kayEdlCaCaticugeRkay kñúgsasna

rbs;RBHsmµasm<úT § .

kñ úgkb,TI 94 GMBIPTÞkb,enH eyIg)annaM

RBHBuT§CaGñkGg;GacCagnrCnqøgsÞwg eRBaHkmµenaH

eyIgminEdlsÁal;TuKÁtieLIy enHCaplénkarnaMRBH

BuT§qøgsÞwg .



RBHefr³kalseRmcRBHGrhtþehIy kalnwgBüakrN_Grhtþ

pl edaybMNgRbkasGakarEdlbribUN’ edaysmµabdibtþ irbs;


xøÜnCaeKal eTIb)anPasitKafafa

kalGaBaFekIteLIigdl;eyIg stik¾ekIteLIg

dl;eyIgfa GaBaFekIteLIgdl;eyIgehIy evlaenH

CaevlaEdleyIgminKYrRbmaT .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa GaBaeF em smub,enñ ¬kalGaBaF

ekIteLIgdl;eyIg¦ esckþIfa kaleraKEdlCaehtu[FatukeRmIk

eRBaHminesµIKña Edl)aneQµaHfa GaBaF eRBaHebotebonragkay

ekIteLIgehIydl;eyIg .

bTfa sti em ]b,C¢f¬1¦ ¬stik¾ekIteLIgdl;eyIg¦ n½yfa

GaBaFekItehIydl;eyIg RbkarEdlGaBaFKb,IkeRmIkeLIgenH man

pøÚvRbRBwtþeTA)an eNðIycuH eyIgnwgR)arB§esckþIBüayam drab

EdlGaBaFenHenAminTan;keRmIk edIm,Idl;Fm’EdlminTandl; edIm,I

seRmcFm’EdlminTan;seRmc edIm,IeFV I[Cak;c,as;nUvFm’Edlmin

Tan;eFV I[Cak;c,as; edayRbkardUecñH stiEdlCaTItaMgénkarR)arB§

1¦ bidk = ]bbC¢f .


esckþIBüayam eTIbekIteLIgdl;eyIg CaGñkEdlTukçevTnaebotebon

edayGMNacénGaBaFenaHÉg eRBaHehtuenaH RBHefr³eTIbeBalfa

GaBaFekIteLIgdl;eyIgehIy evlaenH CaevlaEdleyIgminKYr

RbmaT dUecñH .

k¾RBHefr³enH eRbIstiEdlekIteLIgehIyy:agenH [dUcCa

kegVr ehIyk¾seRmcRBHGrhtþ dUecñHÉg .

cb;Gdækfa ]tþ iyefrKafaTI 10


RBHnieRKaFefr³ 1 RBHcitþkefr³ 1 RBHeKasalefr³ 1 RBHsuKn§efr³ 1 RBHnnÞ iyefr³ 1 RBHGPyefr³ 1

RBHelamskgÁiyefr³ 1 RBHCm<úKamikbutþefr³ 1 RBHharitefr³ 1 RBH]tþiyefr³ 1 dUecñHÉg .

s t r


ezrKaza Ékni:t

vK<TI 4

Gdðkza KhvrtIriyezrKazaTI 1

[32] puedæa DMeshi mkeshi GrBaØsµw RBhaven

n a e K a s gÁ a m sI e s v seta tRta Fivaseyti .

buKÁlEdlRtÚvre)am nigmUsxaMkñúgéRB Kb,ICaGñkman

sti Gt;Fµt;kñ úgéRBenaH dUcdMrIEdlenAkñ úgGMNacén

s®gÁam .

RBHKhvrtIriyetßr¬1¦ .

Kafarbs;RBHKhurtIriyetßr epþImfa buKÁlRtÚvre)am nigmUs

xaM . erOgekIteLIgdUcemþc?

)anB¤fa elakCaGñkmanGFikarEdl)aneFV ITukehIy kñúgRBH

BuT§GgÁmun² kñúgkalrbs;RBHmanRBHPaKnamfa sixI kñúgkb,TI 31

GMBIPTÞkb,nH ¬ekIt¦ CanayRBanRmwK Rtac;eTAkñ úgéRB )anCYbRBH

1¦ bidk = RBHKhurtIr iyetßr .

-339- Gdækfa Ékni)t vKÁTI 4 KhvrtIriyefrKafaTI 1

manRBHPaKRBHnamfa sixI RTg;sEmþgFm’dl;eTvta naK nigykS

TaMgLay enARtg;eRkamedImeQImYyedIm . luHeXIjehIy k¾man

citþRCHføa )ankan;yknimitþkñ úgsMeLgfa {enHehAfaFm’} edaycitþ

RCHføaenaH eKekItkñ úgeTvelakRtac;eTAmk enAkñ úgsuKtiPBb:ueNÑaH

kñúgBuT§b,aTkalenH ekItkñúgRtkUlRBahµN_ kñúgRkúgsavtßI )annam

GKÁiTtþ³ . ceRmInv½yehIy eXIjymkb,adiharürbs;RBHmanRBH

PaK ekItesckþIRCHføa bYskñúgRBHsasna eronkmµdæanenAkñúgéRB

eQµaHfa KhvrtIr³ eRBaHehtuenaH elakeTIb)annamfa KhvrtI-

riy³ . elakceRmInvibsSnaehIy k¾)anseRmcGrhtþkñúgkalmin

yUreLIy .


kalmun eyIgCaRBanRmwK Rtac;eTAkñ úgéRBFM

)anCYbRBHBuT§GñkR)ascakFUlI KW kiels Edl

BYkeTvtaEhhmehIy .

1¦ GbTan ¬bidkelx 75 TMB½r 251¦ Ca RBHeXassBaØketßr .


RTg;kMBugRbkassc©³ 4 RTg;sEmþgGmtbT

eyIg)ansþab;Fm’d¾BIeraHrbs;RBHBuT§ RTg;CaepABgS

rbs;elak RBHnamfa sixI .

eyIgjúaMgcitþ[RCHføakñúgRBHsUresog nigkñúg

RBHGgÁ rkGñkesµI nwgeRbóbpÞwbmin)an RKaeFVIcitþ[

RCHføaehIy eTIb)anqøgputPBEdlqøg)anlM)ak .

kñúgkb,TI 31 GMBIPTÞkb,enH eyIgmankar

cgcaM ¬sBaØa¦ Na kñúgRKaenaH eRBaHkarcgcaMenaH

eyIgminEdlsÁal;TuKÁtieLIy enHCaplénkarcgcaM

kñ úgsMeLg .



RBHefr³enaH kalseRmcRBHGrhtþehIy fVaybgÁMRBHmanRBH

PaK )aneTAkan;Rkúgsavtß I . jatiTaMgLaysþab;dMNwgfa elak

mkehIy eTIbnaMKñacUleTArk bMeBjmhaTan . elaksñak;enARtwm

-341- Gdækfa Ékni)t vKÁTI 4 KhvrtIr iyefrKafaTI 1

Et 2-3 éf¶ bMNgnwgRtLb;eTAéRBenaHeTot . jatiTaMgLay)an

eBalcMeBaHelakfa {elakm©as; EdleQµaHfaéRB manGnþrayeRcIn

edayre)am nigmUsCaedIm sUmelakm©as;cUrenAkñúgTIenHÉg} . RBH

efr³sþab;dUecñaHehIy eBalfa {éRBEtmü:agb:ueNÑaH CaTIeBjcitþrbs;

eyIg} kalnwgBüakrN_RBHGrhtþpl edaybMNgRbkasesckþI

eRtkGrkñ úgvievk eTIb)anPasitKafafa

buKÁlRtÚvre)am nigmUsxaMkñ úgéRBFM Kb,ICa

Gñkmansti Gt;Fµt;kñ úgéRBFMenaH dUcdMr IGt;RTaMkñ úg

s®gÁam dUecñaH .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa puedæa DMeshi mkeshi ¬RtÚvre)am

nigmUsxaM¦ esckþIfa buKÁlEdlRtÚvstVl¥itEdllak;xøÜnkñúgTIggwt

Edl)annamfa re)am eRBaHeBjcitþxaM nigstVEdlmanmat;dUcm¢úl

EdleKsÁal;fa mUs smö½sS KW xaMehIy .

bTfa GrBaØsµw ¬kñ úgéRB¦ esckþIfa eQµaHfa kñúgéRB eRBaH

RbkbedaylkçN³rbs;éRB EdlelakeBalTukfa putcakRsúkeTA


500 CYrFñ Úr ¬rab;faCaéRB¦ .

bTfa RBhaven ¬éRBFM¦ esckþIfa kñúgéRBEdleQµaHfa éRBFM

eRBaHeBareBjeTAedayedImeQIFM nigKum<eQIFM² .

bTfa naeKav sgÁamsIesv ¬dUcdMrIGt;RTaMkñúgs®gÁamdUecñaH¦

esckþIfa dUcdMrId¾RbesIrEdlcUlkan;s®gÁam Gt;RTaMnwgkarRtÚveday

GavuFrbs;TahanEdlCasRtÚvkñúgsmrPUmi . buKÁlGñkekIt]sSah³

fa {EdleQµaHfa karenAéRB EdlbNÐitTaMgLaymanRBHBuT§TaMg

LayCaedIm RTg;sresIrehIy sresIreTot} . eQµaHfa Gñkman

sti KW CaGñkmansti tRt KW kñ úgéRBFMenaH . mü:ageTot kal

smö½sSrbs;mUsCaedImenaHR)akdehIy Kb,IGt;RTaM KW Gt;Fµt; )an

dl; Gt;RTaM . GFib,ayfa minKb,IlHbg;karenAkñúgéRBecj eday

Kitfa {re)amCaedImeboteboneyIg} .

cb;Gdækfa KhvrtIriyetßrKafaTI 1

3

-343- Gdækfa Ékni)t vKÁTI 4 sub,iyefrKafaTI 2

Gdðkza sub|iyezrKazaTI 2

[33] G C r M CI r m a e n n tb,maenn niBV út w

niramisM brmM snþw eyaKekçmM Gnutþrnþ i .

buKÁlGñkcas;RKaMRKa )andl;RBHniBVan CaKuNCat

mincas;RKaMRKa GñkekþARkhay )andl;RBHniBVanCa

KuNCatd¾RtCak; Caniramissux CaKuNCats¶b;

rm¶ab;d¾éRkElg CaKuNd¾RbesIr CaTIekSmcakeyaK³ .

RBHsub,iyetr³ .

Kafarbs;RBHsub,iyefr³ manBaküepþ Imfa buKÁlGñkman

esckþIBüayam . erOgekIteLIgdUcemþc?

)anB¤fa kñúgkalrbs;RBHmanRBHPaKRBHnamfa bTumutþr³ elak

ekItkñúgpÞHmanRtkUlmYy bYsCatabs enAkñúgéRB CYbRBHmanRBHPaK

kñúgdgéRBenaH mancitþRCHføa )anfVayplapldl;RBHmanRBHPaK

nigPikç úsgÇ .

edaybuBaØkmµenaH elak)anRtac;rgÁat;eTAkñúgeTvta nigmnusS


TaMgLay kñúgkalénRBHsm<úT§RBHnamfa ksSb³ ekItkñúgRtkUl

kSRt dl;PaBCaGñkdwgkþ IedaylMdab; )annUvesckþIsegVK eRBaH

GaRs½ykaresBKb;klüaNmitþ eTIbbYskñúgRBHsasna k¾)anCa

BhUsUt elakekItkarelIktemáIgxøÜnsgát;sgáinGñkdéT eRBaHesckþI

Rsvwgkñ úgCati nigeRBaHesckþIRsvwgkñúgsut³ .

kñúgBuT§b,aTkalenH elakk¾ekItkñ úgRtkUlGñkyaméRBexµac

EdlCaRtkUlefakfy kñúgRBHnKrsavtßI edayplénkmµenaH .

elak)aneQµaHfa sub,iy³ . RKaenaH eBlelakdwgkþIehIy )an

cUleTArkRBHesa)akefr³EdlCasMLaj;rbs;xøÜn sþab;Fm’kñúgsmñak;

rbs;RBHesa)akefr³enaHehIy )annUvesckþIsegVK eTIbecjbYs

bMeBjsmµabdibtþ i )anPasitKafafa

buKÁlGñkmanesckþIBüayam sUm,Inwgcas;

EtdutkielsehIy Kb,IluHRBHniBVan Edlmincas;

minmanGamis CaFm’s¶b;y:agéRkElg ekSmcak

eyaK³ ¬nig¦ d¾RbesIr .


bNþaBaküTaMgenaH bTfa GCrM ¬mincas;¦ )andl; evorcak

Cra . elakeBalsMedAdl;RBHniBVan . GFib,ayfa RBHniBVanenaH

eQµaHfa mincas; eRBaHehtuEdlRBHniBVanenaHminmankarekIt eTIb

minmankarcas; b¤eQµaHfa mincas; sUm,IeRBaHehtuEdlminmankar

cas; eRBaHkalbuKÁlseRmcRBHniBVanenaHehIy rEmgminmanCra .

bTfa CIrmaenn ¬dl;karcas;¦ esckþIfa cas;ehIy KW

dl;karcas;cUleTARKb;² xN³ .

bTfa tb,maenn ¬dutkiels¦ esckþIfa dutkiels[ekþA

KW júaMgePøIg 11 kg manraK³CaedIm [eqHehIy .

bTfa niBúVt w ¬Kb,IseRmcniBVan¦ )andl; RBHniBVan Edl

eQµaHfa mankarrMlt;kielsCasPav³ eRBaHminmankarekþARkhay

tamEdleBalehIy .

bTfa nimiyM¬1¦ ¬minmanGamis¦ esckþIfa Kb,I[RbRBwtþeTA

1¦ kñúgKafa niramisM = minmanGamis/ c,ab;PUma nimiyM/ kñúgGdækfak¾eRbI nimiyM dUecñaH elakeTIbéxesckþIdUcxagedIm kñúgc,ab;Gg;eKøsk¾ERbdUcKñanigGdækfaenH KW ERbfa {pøas; GMBIkarcas;Cakarmincas;>>>} .


KW Kb,Inimµ iteLIg .

bTfa brmM snþw ¬s¶b;d¾éRkElg¦ esckþIfa eQµaHfa s¶b;

d¾]tþm eRBaHcUleTAs¶b;PaBRkvl;RkvayénGPisgçar KW kiels

d¾essCaFmµta .

eQµaHfa ekSmcakeyaK³ eRBaHminRtÚvcgedayeyaK³TaMg

4 .

eQµaHfa d¾RbesIr eRBaHminmanFm’GV I² EdlnwgRbesIrCag

rEmgminman .

k¾kñ úgKafaenH manesckþIsegçbdUcteTAenH buKÁleQµaHfa

cas; eRBaHPaBCaGñkRtÚvCraRKbsgát;RKb;² xN³ . mü:ageTot

eQµaHfa dl;PaBCra eRBaHRtÚvePø Ig KW raK³CaedIm dut . eQµaH

fa man]bTÞv³ eRBaHPaBCaGñkminTan;cUleTAs¶b;rm¶ab;edayRbkar

TaMgBYg eRBaHmineTog eRBaHCaTukç nigeRBaHminmansar³y:agenH

Kb,Inimµ it KW Kb,IjúaMgRBHniBVan EdleQµaHfa mincas; eRBaHCa

bdibkçcMeBaHCraenaH EdlCaEdncUleTAs¶b;rm¶ab;GVI² cUleTARbTUsþ


min)an d¾kMBUl [RbRBwtþeTA edayKitfa {CalaPFM BnøWd¾FMéRkElg

enAkñ úgkNþab;édrbs;eyIgehIyhñ+} . eRbobRbdUcmnusSTaMgLay

edaHdUrTMnijNamYy mincab;GarmµN_ ¬minsmøwg¦ rEmg)anTMnijeRcIn

y:agNa RBHefr³enHk¾dUecñaH CaGñkmancitþkøahan kalnwgRbkas

PaBEdlxøÜnmincab;GarmµN_kñ úgkay nigCIvitrbs;xø Ün nigPaBEdl

xøÜnmancitþEdlbBa¢ÚneTAkan;RBHniBVan eTIbeBalfa {Kb,IluHRBHniBVan

EdlminmanGamis CaFm’s¶b;y:agéRkElg ekSmcakeyaK³ RbesIr}

ehIybMeBjvtþbdibtþienaHÉg xVl;xVayvibsSna k¾seRmcRBHGrhtþ

ehIy .


RKaenaH eyIgCaRBahµN_mannamfa vruN³

CaGñkerobcb;mnþ lHbg;butþ 10 nak; cUleTAkNþal

éRB .

sagGaRsmy:ags¥at sagbNÑsala cat;

1¦ GbTan ¬bidkelx 75 TMB½r 252¦ Ca RBHsBVplTayketßr .


EcgCabnÞb;² KYrmenarmü GaRs½yenAkñúgéRBFM .

RBHBuT§RBHnamfabTumutþr³ RTg;dwgc,as;elak

RTg;smKYrTTYleRKÓgbUCa RTg;RBHbMNgnwgCYydl;

eyIg eTIbesþc)anyagmkkan;GaRsmrbs;eyIg .

RBHrsµI)anpSayeTAdNþb;éRBsNÐ³ RKaenaH

éRBFMr ugerOgeTAedayBuT§anuPaB .

eyIgeXIj)adiharü rbs;RBHBuT§RbesIrbMput

CataTibuKÁl eTIb)anebHykpáaeQImkedrCakenÞag

ehIyykEpøeQIdak;rhUteBjGERmk .

cUleTAKal;RBHsmµasm<úT § ehIy)anfVay

RBmTaMgGERmk kalRTg;GnueRKaHeyIg RBHBuT§)an

Rtas;dl;eyIgfa

GñkcUrkan;ykGERmk edIrtameRkaytfaKt

mk kalsgÇbriePaKehIy buNünwgmandl;Gñk .

eyIg)anykGERgmEpøeQI fVaydl;PikçúsgÇ


eyIgjúaMgcitþ[RCHføakñúgPikçúsgÇehIy )ancUldl;

sYK’Can;tusit .

eyIgCabuKÁlRbkbedaybuBaØkmµenaH esay

ys RBmedaykarra M kareRcóg karRbKuMEdlCa

TiBV enAkñ úgCan;tusitenaH .

nigeyIgcUldl;kMeNItNa² KW CaeTvta b¤

mnusS kñúgkMeNItenaH² eyIgminmankarxVHxatkñ úg

erOgePaKRTBüeLIy enHCaplénkarfVayEpøeQI .

eRBaH)anfVayEpøeQIcMeBaHRBHBuT § eyIgeTIb

)anCaFMkñúgTVIbTaMg 4 RBmedaysmuRT RBmTaMgPñM .

sUm,IhV ÚgbkSImanbu :NÑa EdlehIrkñ úgGakas

bkSITaMgenaH k¾Føak;enAkñ úgGMNacrbs;eyIg enHCa

plénkarfVayEpøeQI .

ykS PUt GarkS kumÖNÐ nigRKúD Edl

mankñúgéRBsNÐ³ k¾T Mn ukbMrugbeRmIeyIg .


sUm,IBYkGeNþIk ccat Xµú M nigre)ammUs

TaMg 2 k¾Føak;enAkñ úgGMNacrbs;eyIg enHCapl

énkarfVayEpøeQI .

sUm,IBBYkskuNbkSIEdlmankmøa Mg eQµaH

subNÑ k¾rab;GaneyIg enHCaplénkarfVayEpøeQI .

sUm,IBYknaKEdlmanGayuEvg manbJT§ × man

yseRcIn k¾Føak;enAkñúgGMNacrbs;eyIg enHCapl

énkarfVayEpøeQI .

raCsIh_ xøaFM xøadMbg xøaXúµ M EqáRsúk Eqá

éRB k¾Føak;enAkñúgGMNacrbs;eyIg enHCaplénkar

fVayEpøeQI .

rukçeTvtaGñkmanrsµIdUcCapáayRBwk nigeTvta

EdlenAkñúgGakas suT§Etrab;GaneyIgTaMgGs; enH

CaplénkarfVayEpøeQI .

Fm’EdleXIj)anlM)ak l¥it RCaleRCA Edl


RBHsasþaRTg;RbkasTukl¥ehIy eyIg)anBal;RtÚv

ehIy enHCaplénkarfVayEpøeQI .

eyIgBal;RtÚvv iemakç 8 CaGñkminmanGasv³

CaGñkmanesckþIBüayamdutkiels nigCamanbBaØa

rkSaxøÜn enHCaplénkarfVayEpøeQI .

eyIgmñak;kñ úgcMnYn»rsrbs;RBHBuT§ EdltaMg

enAkñúg ¬Grhtþ¦ pl GñkGs;eTas³ GñkmanysFM

enHCaplénkarfVayEpøeQI .

eyIgdl;nUvesckþIbribUN’kñ úgGPiBaØa Edl

kuslmUldak;etOn kMNt;dwgGasv³TaMgBYg CaGñk

minmanGasv³ .

eyIgmñak;kñ úgcMnYnRBH»rsrbs;RBHBuT§ Edl

)anviC¢a 3 manbJT§× manysFM bribUN’edayTiBV-

esat .



)anfVayEpøeQINa kñúgRKaenaH edaykarfVayEpø

eQIenaH eyIgminEdlsÁal;TuKÁtieLIy enHCapl

énkarfVayEpøeQI .



RBHefr³RKa)anseRmcRBHGrhtþehIy )aneBalKafaenaHÉg

dEdleTot edaykan;ykCakarBüakrN_RBHGrhtþpl .

cb;Gdækfa sub,iyefrKafaTI 2

3

-353- Gdækfa Ékni)t vKÁTI 4 esa)kefrKafaTI 3

Gdðkza esa:kezrKazaTI 3

[34] yfabi Ékbutþsµw biysµw kuslI siya

ÉvM seBVsu )aeNsu sBVtß kusela siyati .

buKÁlmanesckþIl¥ cMeBaHbutþEtmYy CaTIRsLaj;

y:agNa buKÁlRtÚvmanesckþIekSmkSanþ manesatß i-

PaBcMeBaHsBVstV kñúgTisTaMgBYg k¾dUecñaHEdr .

Kafarbs;RBHesa)akefr³ manBaküepþ Imfa buKÁlmanemtþa

kñ úgbutþEtmYy . erOgekIteLIgdUcemþc?

)anB¤fa elakCaGñkmanGFikarEdleFVITukehIy kñúgRBHBuT§

GgÁmun² snSMkuslEdlCa]bnisS½yénRBHniBVanTukkñúgPBenaH² .

kñúgkalrbs;RBHd¾manRBHPaKRBHnamfa kkusn§³ ekItCabutþrbs;

kudum< ik³mñak; . éf¶mYyeXIjRBHbrmsasþa mancitþRCHføa eTIb)an

beg¥anEpøRkÚcéRBcUleTAfVayRBHsasþa . RBHmanRBHPaKRTg;GaRs½y

esckþIGnueRKaH eTIbRTg;TTYl . elakmanesckþIRCHføay:agéRkElg

kñúgRBHPikçúsgÇ epþImtaMgslakPtþ fVay)ayEdllayedayTwkedaH


cMeBaHPikç ú 3 rUb Edl)ancat;eRCIserIsGMBIsgÇrhUtGs;CIvit .

edaybuBaØkmµTaMgenaH elakesaysm,tþi Rtac;rgÁat;eTAkñ úg

eTvta nigmnusSTaMgLay RKamYyekItkñúgkMeNItmnusS )anfVay

)ayCamYyTwkedaHcMeBaHRBHbec©kBuT§mYyGgÁ . elakeFV IbuNüTuk

CaeRcInkñúgPBenaH² y:agenH nigRtac;rgÁat;eTAkñ úgsuKtiPBEtmü:ag

kñ úgBuT§b,aTkalenH cab;bdisn§ikñ úgépÞrbs;®sþIRkIRkmñak; kñ úgRkúg

savtß I edayplkmµkñ úgCatimun . matarbs;elakrkSaKP’ 10 Ex

kalKP’cas; kñúgevlaRbsUt minGacnwgRbsUt)an k¾snøb;eTA edk

dUcmnusSsøab;Gs;kald¾yUr . jatiTaMgLayk¾naMnageTAkan;bcäa

edaysMKal;fa søab;ehIy elIkeLIgkan;eCIgfár kalxül;ePøóg

taMgeLIgedayGMNacrbs;eTvta eTIbmindutePø Ig ehIyecosecj

eTA . TarkecjGMBIépÞmataedaysYsþI eRBaHGanuPaBéneTvta eRBaH

CaGñknwgeFVI[Cak;c,as;nUvRBHGrhtþkñúgPBcugeRkay . cMENkmata

k¾)andl;kmµ .

eTvtabITarkeTATukkñúgpÞHrbs;Gñkyambcäa kñúgePTCamnusS


ciBa© wmedayGaharEdlsmKYrkñúgevlaenAtUc . tGMBIenaH Gñkyam

bcäa k¾TTYlTarkenaHCabutþrbs;xøÜn ciBa© wm[FMFat; . eKFMFat;mk

y:agenaH rt;elgCamYyekµgRbúseQµaHfa sub,iy³ EdlCakUnrbs;

Gñkyambcäa . eRBaHeKekIteLIgceRmInFMFat;kñ úgbcäa eTIb)annam

fa esa)ak³ .

tmkéf¶mYy RBHmanRBHPaKRTg;pSaysMNaj; KW RBHjaN

eTAkñ úgevlaCitPø W RTg;RbemIlemIlGñkEdlCaepABgSénevenyüstV

RTg;eXIjeKEdlmanGayu 7 xYb QancuHkan;kñ úgsMNaj; KW RBH

jaN eTIb)anesþcyageTAkan;éRBbcäa . TarkEdlbuBVehtudak;

etOn k¾mancitþRCHføa cUleTAKal;RBHmanRBHPaK fVaybgÁMehIy

Qr . RBHsasþaRTg;sEmþgFm’dl;eK . eKsþab;Fm’ehIy TUl

sUmbBVC¢a kalRBHsasþaRtas;sYrfa {GñkCaGñkEdlbitaGnuBaØat

ehIyb¤?} eTIbnaMbitaeTAKal;RBHsasþa . bitarbs;eKcUleTAKal;

RBHsasþafVaybgÁMehIy GnuBaØatþfa {bBiRtRBHGgÁd¾ceRmIn sUm

RBHGgÁcUr[TarkenHbYscuH} . RBHbrmsasþa [eKbYsehIy RTg;


ENnaMkñ úgemtþaPavnakmµdæan .

elakeronkmµdæanmanemtþaCaGarmµN_ enAkñ úgéRBbcäa júaMg

QanmanemtþaCaGarmµN_[ekItehIy eFVIQan[Ca)aT ceRmInvib-

sSna k¾eFV I[Cak;c,as;RBHGrhtþkñ úgkalminyUr .

smdUcKafaRbB½n§EdlelakeBalTukfaGbTanfa¬1¦

RBHmhavIr³RBHnamfa kkusn§³ RBHGgÁenaH

RTg;dwgcb;Fm’TaMgBYg ecosecjcakBYk eTAkan;

kNþaléRB .

eyIg)aneRbIvlø×edatEpøsm:BiePTk_mk sm½y

enaH RBHmanRBHPaKRTg;cUlQan Rtg;cenøaHPñM .

luHeyIgeXIjRBHBuT§ EdlCaeTvtaéRkElg

eTvtaehIy k¾mancitþRCHføa )anfVayEpøsm:BiePTk_

cMeBaHRBHvIr³ RTg;CaTkç ieNyübuKÁl .

kñúgkb,enHÉg eyIg)anfVayEpøsm:BiePTk_

1¦ GbTan ¬bidkelx 75 TMB½r 90¦ Ca RBHviePTkBICiyetßr .


Na kñúgRKaenaH edaykarfVayEpøsm:BiePTk_enaH


Epøsm:BiePTk_ .



elakseRmcRBHGrhtþehIy kalnwgsEmþgviFIkñúgkarceRmIn

emtþa dl;Pikç úTaMgLayEdlmanRbRktIenAkñúgéRBbcäaBYkdéT k¾)an

PasitKafafa

buKÁlmanemtþakñúgbutþEtmYy EdlCaTIRsLaj;

y:agNa Pikç úKb,Imanemtþakñ úgstVTaMgBYg kñ úgRKb;

TIkEnøg dUecñaH .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa yfa ¬y:agNa¦ Cani)atcuHkñ úg

Gtßén]bma . bTfa Ékbutþsµw ¬kñúgbutþEtmYy¦ esckþIfa Edl

eQµaHfa butþ edayGtßfa eFV I[brisuT§ nigtaMgenA ¬bnþvgS¦ Tuk

dl;vgSRtkUl )andl; butþ EckCabutþEdlekItGMBIxøÜnÉgCaedIm .


butþEtmYy eQµaHfa Ékbuetþa . kñúgbutþEtmYyenaH . bTfa Ék-

butþsµw enH CastþmIviPtþ icuHkñ úgvis½y ¬PasaéfERbfa kñ úg¦ .

bTfa biysµw ¬EdlCaTIRsLaj;¦ esckþIfa eQµaHfa Ca

sßanTItaMgénehturbs;esckþIRsLaj; eRBaHCaGñkmankarRbRBwtþKYr

RsLaj; eRBaHCabutþEtmYy nigeRBaHrUb sIl nigGacar³CaedIm .

bTfa kuslI ¬manemtþa¦ esckþIfa esckþIekSm esckþIsYsþI

elakehAfa kusl buKÁleQµaHfa kuslI eRBaHCaGñkmankusl

EdlnwgKb,I)an KW GñkEsVgrkRbeyaCn_dl;stVTaMgLay )andl;

GñkmanGFüaRs½yRbkbedayemtþa .

bTfa seBVsu )aeNsu ¬kñúgstVTaMgBYg¦ )andl; kñúgstV

TUeTA . bTfa sBVtß ¬kñ úgTIRKb;kEnøg¦ esckþIfa kñúgTisTaMgBYg

KW kñ úgTITaMgBYgmanPBCaedIm b¤kñúgTisTaMgBYg Edlmin)ankMNt;

Tuk . elakGFib,ayfa matabitaKb,ICaGñkmanemtþa KW Kb,IEsVg

rkRbeyaCn_edayEtmü:ag kñúgbutþEtmYyEdlCaTIRsLaj; CaTIeBj

citþ y:agNa Pikúçk¾dUecñaH Kb,ICaGñkmanemtþa edayR)afñaRbeyaCn_


Etmü:ag kñúgstVTUeTA EdlmanehIykñúgTisTaMgBYg dUckñúgTisxag

ekItCaedIm kñúgPBTaMgBYg dUcCakamPBCaedIm nigkñúgv½yTaMgBYgmin

mankMNt; dUcCav½ykemøaHCaedIm KW Kb,IpSayemtþa Edlmanrs

EtmYy eTAkñúgTITaMgBYg edayminmankarEbgEck minkMNt;RBMEdn

fa Camitþ CabuKÁlkNþal² b¤CasRtÚv .

k¾RBHefr³kaleBalKafaenHehIy )an[»vaTfa {GñkmanGayu

TaMgLay RbsinebIBYkelakKb,IRbkberOy² nUvemtþaPavnay:agenH

elakTaMgLayKb,ICaGñkmancMENkénGanisgSrbs;emtþa 11 Rbkar

EdlRBHmanRBHPaKRtas;TukehIy edayn½ymanCaGaTifa rEmgedk

Casux dUecñH edaycMENkmYy .

cb;Gdækfa esa)kefrKafaTI 3

3


Gdðkza e:siyezrKazaTI 4

[35] G n a s nñ v r a É t a ni c© e m v v i C a n t a

K a m a G r BaØ m a K mµ teta eKhM ])avisw

teta ]dæay bkáamw GnamenþtVa e)asieyati .

kal´dwgc,as;Gs;kalCanic© RsITaMgnuH + Edlmin

enACit RbesIr écjGMBIRsúkeTAkan;éRB ecjGMBI

éRBenaH mkkan;pÞH eRkakecjcakpÞHenaH ehIyecos

ecjeTA mñale)asiy³ Gñkku MehArk ¬RsIenaHeTot

eLIy¦ .

RBHe)asiyefr³ .

Kafarbs;RBHe)asiyetßr epþImfa RsITaMgenH . erOgekIt

eLIgdUcemþc?

)anB¤fa elakCaGñkmanGFikar)aneFVITukehIykñúgRBHBuT§GgÁ

mun² snSMkuslEdlCa]bnisS½yénRBHniBVanTukkñúgPBenaH² Rtac;

rgÁat;Etkñ úgsuKtiPBb:ueNÑaH kñúgkalénRBHmanRBHPaK RBHnamfa

-361- Gdækfa Ékni)t vKÁTI 4 e)siyefrKafaTI 4

tisS³ kñ úgkb,TI 92¬1¦ GMBIPTÞkb,enH ekItCanayRBanRmwKenAkñ úg

éRB .

RKaenaH RBHmanRBHPaKesþcyageTAkñúgéRB edIm,IRTg;eFV Ikar

GnueRKaHeK RTg;sEmþgRBHGgÁ[R)akdkñúgKnøgénckçúrbs;eK . eK

eXIjRBHmanRBHPaK k¾mancitþRCHføa dak;GavuFcUleTAKal; Qr

pÁgGBa¢lI . RBHmanRBHPaK RTg;sEmþgRBHbMNgnwgRbfab;Kg; .

rMeBcenaH eKk¾kan;yk)ac;esµAmkRkalfVaykñúgTIEdlesµI eday

eKarB . RBHmanRBHPaKRTg;GaRs½yesckþIGnueRKaHkñ úgeK eTIbRTg;

Rbfab;Kg; . kalRBHmanRBHPaKRbfab;Kg;ehIy eKk¾ekItbIti nig

esamnsSéRkElg fVaybgÁMRBHmanRBHPaKehIy xøÜnÉg)anGgÁúy

kñúgTImçag .

lMdab;enaH RBHmanRBHPaKRTg;RBHtRmiHfa {BUC KW kuslman

RbmaNb:ueNÑH lµmdl;RBanenHehIy} eTIbRTg;eRkakcakGasn³

esþcyagecjeTA . kalRBHmanRBHPaKesþcyageTAminyUr esþc

1¦ c,ab;RsIlgáa Ca ctunvuet = 94 .


raCsIh_)ansmøab;eK . eKsøab;ehIyeTAekItkñ úgeTvelak . RBH

manRBHPaKRTg;RCabehtukarN_fa {n½yfa kaltfaKtmincUleTA

rk eKRtÚvraCsIh_smøab;ehIy nwgFøak;nrk} eTIbesþcyageTArk

edIm,InwgCYyeK[)anekItkñúgsuKti nigedIm,IRTg;bNþúHBUC KW kusl .

eKsßitnUvkñúgeTvelakdrabGs;Gayuéx cuticakeTvelakenaH

ehIy vilvl;enAkñúgsuKtiPBb:ueNÑaH . kñúgBuT§b,aTkalenH ekIt

Cabutþrbs;esdæIEdlmansm,tþieRcInmñak; kñúgRkúgsavtßI Cab¥ ÚnRbús

rbs;RBHsgÁamCitefr³ . eK)annamfa {e)asiy³} . eKceRmIn

v½yehIy k¾manPriya)anbutþmñak; EdlFmµtaEdleFVIT ukkñ úgPBcug

eRkaydas;etOnehIy k¾ekItesckþIsegVKeRBaHkarekItCaedIm bYs

ehIycUléRB CaGñkeKcecjcakBYk RbkberOy² nUvkmµdæanPavna

Edlmansc©³ 4 CaGarmµN_ xVl;xVaykñúgvibsSna k¾)anseRmc

RBHGrhtþkñúgevlaminyUr .


1¦ GbTan ¬bidkelx 75 TMB½r 259¦ Ca RBHtiNmudæ iTayketßr .


kñúgTIminq¶ayGMBIPñ MhimBanþ manPñ MmYyeQµaH

lm<k³ Rtg;Pñ Mlm<k³enaH RBHsmµasm<úT §RBHnamfa

tisS³ esþcc®gámenAkNþalval .

kalmuneyIgCaRBanRmwKnUvkñúgéRBRkas; )an

CYbRBHBuT§ RTg;CaeTvtaéRkElgCageTvta eTIb)an

fVayesµAmYykþab;cMeBaHRBHBuT§ .

edIm,ICaTIRbfab;Kg; luHfVayehIy k¾eFVIc itþ

[RCHføa fVaybgÁMRBHsmµasm<úT§ ehIyEbrmuxRtLb;

mkTisxageCIg .

eyIgedIreTAminyUrk¾RtÚvraCsIh_ebotebon cUl

dl;esckþIsøab; eyIgCaGñkEdlRtÚvraCsIh_xaMsøab;

kñ úgTIenaHÉg .

kñúgevlaCitsøab; eyIgeFVIkmµTukehIykñúgRBH

BuT§CabuKÁlRbesIrbMput GñkminmanGasv³ eyIgeTIb

)aneTAkan;eTvelakdUckUnsrEdlRBanRBElg .


R)asaTkñúgeTvelakenaH EdlbuBaØkmµnimµ it

[ CaR)asaTRss;s¥atman 7 Can; km<s; 1>000

CYrFñ Úr Rbdab;edayTg; CaR)asaTBN’exov .

rsµIrbs;R)asaTenaHpSayeTA dUcRBHGaTitü

]T½y eyIgCaGñkbribUrN_edayBYkRsIeTBkBaØa dl;

RBmedaykamKuNarmµN_ sb,ayrIkray .

eyIgEdlkuslmUldas;etOnehIy cuticak

eTvelakmkekItCamnusS )anseRmcFm’EdlCaTI

Gs;Gasv³ .


esµAsRmab;RTnab;GgÁúy eRBaHkarfVayesµAenaH eyIg

minEdlsÁal;TuKÁtieLIy enHCaplénkarfVayesµA

mYykþab; .




RBHefr³kalseRmcRBHGrhtþehIy mkkan;RkúgsavtßI edIm,I

fVaybgÁMRBHmanRBHPaK )aneTAkan;pÞHénjati edIm,IGnueRKaHjati .

enAkñ úgTIenaH Priyacas;fVaybgÁMelakehIy CadMbUgk¾sEmþgvtþdUc

])asika edaykar[Gasn³CaedIm kalmindwgGFüaRs½yrbs;RBH

efr³ tmkR)afñalYgelam edaymaya®sþICaedIm . RBHefr³Kitfa

{»¡ RsIenHCaGn§Bal bdibtþ iy:agenHCamYybuKÁldUcCaeyIgpg}

eTIbmineBalGVI k¾eRkakcakGasn³ ehIycUlkan;éRB . Pikç úTaMg

LayGñkenAéRBsYrelakfa {GñkmanGayu ehtuGV IelakeTIbRtLb;

mkrh½s minCYbjatieTb¤?} RBHefr³kalnwgR)ab;karRbRBwtþeTAkñ úg

pÞHenaH )anPasitKafafa

RsITaMgenHmincUlmkCit eTIbCaerOgl¥ Gñk

R)aCJminKb,IcUlCitCanic©eLIy eyIgecjGMBIéRBmk

kan;Rsúk ecjGMBIenaHcUlkan;pÞH eyIgeQµaH e)a-

siy³ min)anR)ab;lanrNa eRkakecjcakERKenaH

ecosecjeTA .


bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa Gnasnñvra ¬mincUleTACit eTIbCa

erOgl¥¦ esckþIfa ®sþITaMgenH minCitsñiT§ KW mincUlmkrk b¤enA

q¶ayCarbs;l¥ KW RbesIr naMRbeyaCn_mk[dl;burs karmincUl

eTArkenaHÉgRtÚveFVICaRbcaMenaHÉg KW sBVevla minfaevlayb; min

faevlaéf¶ minfakñúgevlaBYnsm¶M .

bTfa viCanta ¬GñkR)aCJ¦ )andl; dwgc,as; . )alIfa

Gnasnñbra dUecñHk¾man . k¾mann½ydUcKña . k¾kñ úgKafaenH man

GFib,aydUecñH dMrI esH RkbI raCsIh_ xøacFM ykç GarkçTwk nig

bisac sUm,Ikac minGaccUleTACit Cakarl¥ KW CavtßúRbesIr min

naMPaBvinasmk[dl;mnusSTaMgLay Etvtß úTaMgenaH kalcUlmk

Cit k¾nwgKb,IeFV IesckþIvinas[cMeBaHEtkñúgbcú©b,nñEtmü:agb: ueNÑaH .

cMENk®sþITaMgLay cUlmkCitehIy rEmgjúaMgRbeyaCn_sUm,IEdl

Tak;TgCamYyRBHniBVan EdlCabcú©b,nñ nigxagmux[vinas KW [

dl;esckþIvinasy:agFMéRkElg eRBaHdUecñaH ®sþITa MgenHmincUlmk

CiteTIbCaerOgl¥ GñkR)aCJminKb,IcUlCitCanic©eLIy . \LÚvenH


RBHefr³kalnwgsEmþgesckþIenaH edaynaMxøÜncUleTAeRbóbeFob eTIb

eBalBaküTaMgmanCaGaTifa Kama GrBaØmaKmµ ¬eyIecjGMBIéRBmk

kan;Rsúk¦ CaedIm . bNþaBaküTaMgenaH bTfa Kama esµIKñanwg

KamM ¬ERbfa kan;Rsúk¦ . k¾BaküenH CabBa©mIviPtþ i cuHkñúgGtßén

TutiyaviPtþ i .

bTfa GrBaØmaKmµ ¬ecjGMBIéRBmk¦ esckþIfa mkGMBIéRB .

m GkSreFVIkarP¢ab;bT . k¾BaküenHCaTutiyaviPtþi eRbIkñúgGtßénbBa©-

mIviPtþ i .

bTfa teta ¬GMBIERKenaH¦ esckþIfa eRkakcakERKenaH .

bTfa GnamenþtVa ¬min)anR)ab;lanrNa¦ esckþIfa min)an

R)ab;la KW minniyayCamYyPriyacas;sUm,IRtwmEtb:ueNÑaHfa {nag

cUrCaGñkminRbmaTcuH} .

RBHefr³eBalcMeBaHxøÜnÉgfa e)asiy³ dUcCaniyayCamYy

GñkdéT . k¾GacarüBYkNasURtfa bkáamw ¬ecosecjeTA¦ Gacarü

TaMgenaH[BaküGFib,ayfa {eyIgeQµaHfa e)asiy³ ecosecj


eTAehIy} . cMENkGacarüBYkNaeBalfa {®sþIenaH [RBHefr³

EdlcUleTAkan;pÞHqan;ehIy bMNgnwglYgelam RBHefr³eXIjdUecñaH

k¾ecjcakpÞHeTAkan;viharmYyrMeBc GgÁúyelIERKkñúgTIenArbs;xøÜn .

®sþIenaHk¾Rbdab;tak;Etgkay ehIycUleTAkan;TIenArbs;RBHefr³kñúg

viharxageRkayPtþ . RBHefr³eXIj®sþIenaHehIy mineBalGVIeLIy

eRkakeLIg Rtg;eTAkan;TIsñak;evlaéf¶mYyrMeBc} ¬dUecñaH¦ n½yrbs;

BaküCaedImfa Kama GrBaØmaKmµ ¬eyIgecjcakRsúkmkkan;éRB¦

eTIbsmCamYyBaküEdlGacarüTaMgenaHeBalTukl¥ehIy . k¾bTfa

GrBaØ M ¬éRB¦ kñ úgTIenH elaksMedAdl;vihar .

cb;Gdækfa e)siyetßrKafaTI 4

3

-369- Gdækfa Ékni)t vKÁTI 4 samBaØkaniefrKafaTI 5

Gdðkza samBa¦kaniezrKazaTI 5‘1’

[36] suxM suxetßa lPet tTacrM kitþ iBa © beb,ati yssS vDÆti

eya GriymdægÁ ikmBa¢sM ]CuM

Paevti mKÁM GmtsS btþiyati .

buKÁlGñkRtÚvkaredayesckþIsux karebIRbtibtþiedIm,I

esckþIsuxenaH rEmg)anesckþIsux ¬minRtwmEtb:ueNÑaH¦

buKÁlNa ceRmInGriymKÁ RbkbedayGgÁ 8 CamKÁ

d¾Rtg; edIm,Idl;RBHniBVaneQµaHGmt³ buKÁlenaHrEmg

)ankitþiKuNpg ysk¾ceRmIndl;buKÁlenaHpg .

RBHsamBaØkamietßr .

Kafarbs;RBHsamBaØkanietßr manBaküepþImfa buKÁlGñkRtÚv

karesckþIsux . erOgekIteLIgdUcemþc?

)anB¤fa elakCaGñkmanGFikar)aneFVITukehIykñúgRBHBuT§GgÁ

1¦ bidk = samBa Økamietßr .


mun² snSMkuslEdlCa]bnisS½yénRBHniBVanTukkñ úgPBenaH² kñúg

kalénRBHmanRBHPaKRBHnamfa vibsSI kñúgkb,TI 91 GMBIPTÞkb,

enH ekItkñ úgkMeNItrbs;mnusS CYbRBHmanRBHPaKRBHnamfavibsSI

ehIyCaGñkmancitþRCHføa )anfVayERKmYy . eRBaHbuBaØkmµenaH elak

Rtac;rgÁat;eTAkñ úgeTvta nigmnusSTaMgLay . kñúgBuT§b,aTkalenH

ekItCabutþrbs;briBVaCkmñak; maneQµaHfa samBaØkanI . cUldl;

PaBCaGñkdwgkþ IehIy eXIjymk)adiharürbs;RBHsasþa mancitþ

RCHføa eTIbbYskñúgRBHsasna eronkmµdæanEdlsmKYrdl;crit júaMg

Qan[ekItehIy eFV IQan[Ca)aT ceRmInvibsSna k¾)anseRmc

RBHGrhtþ .


eyIgRCHføa )anfVayERKmYy¬2¦ cMeBaHRBHman

RBHPaKRBHnamfa vibsSI CaeCdæbursrbs;elak

1¦ GbTan ¬bidkelx 75 TMB½r 261¦ Ca RBHevc©kTayketßr . 2¦ c,ab;süamCa ÉkM vc©M = evc©kudimYyxñg . c,ab;PUma ÉkmBa©M / c,ab;Gg;eKøs ÉkebcäM .


CataTibuKÁl edayédrbs;xø Ün .

eyIgdl;RBmedayyan KW dMrI yanTwmeday

esH nigyanTiBV eRBaHkarfVayERKenaH eyIg)an

seRmcFm’CaTIGs;Gasv³ .


ERKNa eRBaHkarfVayERKenaH eyIgminEdlsÁal;

TuKÁtieLIy enHCaplénkarfVayERK eyIgdutkiels

TaMgLayehIy .l. BaküTUnµanrbs;RBHBuT§ eyIg

eFV IeRscehIy .

cMENkbriBVaCk eQµaHfa katiyan³ EdlCasMLaj; ¬kal

Ca¦ RKhsßrbs;RBHefr³ min)aneXIjRtwmEtrbs;suI nigeRKÓgesøók

dNþb; eRBaHtaMgGMBIRBHmanRBHPaKesþc]b,tþieLIg tirß iyTaMgLay

k¾manlaP nigskáar³sabsUnüeTA cUleTArkRBHefr³TaMgEdlman

ePTCaGaCIvk sYrfa {BYkelakeQµaHfa Caskübutþ dl;nUvPaBCa

Gñksm,ÚredaylaP sm,Úredayys y:agFM rs;enAy:agsb,ay


cMENkBYkeyIgetaky:ak manCIvitlM)ak esckþIsuxEdlCabc©úb,nñ

nigsuxkñ úgCatimux nwgseRmcdl;Gñkbdibtþ i)any:agNahñ+? .

lMdab;enaH RBHefr³R)ab;nwgbriBVaCkfa {esckþIsuxEdlCa

elakutþr³Etmü:agb: ueNÑaH eQµaHfa CasuxedayRtg; ÉsuxenaHnwg

mandl;Gñkbdibtþ inUvbdibTa EdlsmKYrdl;elakutþrsuxb:ueNÑaH} .

kalnwgRbkasfa elak)anseRmcelakutþrsuxenaHehIy eTIb)an

PasitKafafa

buKÁlGñkRtÚvkaresckþIsux kalRbRBwtþ[

smKYr dl;esckþIsuxenaH rEmg)anesckþIsux Cn

NaceRmInGriymKÁmanGgÁ 8 EdlCapøÚvRtg; d¾Rtg;

edIm,IseRmcGmtFm’ CnenaHrEmg)anesckþIsresIr

nigceRmInedayys .

bNþaBaküTaMgenaH Baküfa suxM ¬esckþIsux¦ kñ úgKafaenH

elakbMNgykesckþIsuxEdlR)ascakGamis . esckþIsuxenaH

)andl; plsmabtþi nigRBHniBVan . smdUcBaküEdlelakeBal


Tukfa {smaFienHTaMgCasuxkñ úgbc©úb,nñ TaMgCasuxvi)akkñ úgcMENk

teTA} nigfa {RBHniBVanCasuxy:agéRkElg} dUecñH .

bTfa suxetßa ¬GñkRtÚvkaresckþIsux¦ esckþIfa manesckþI

suxCaRbeyaCn_ KW manesckþIRtÚvkaredayesckþIsuxtamEdleBal

ehIy .

bTfa lPet ¬rEmg)an¦ esckþIfa rEmgdl; . esckþIsux

enH nwgmandl;buKÁlGñkRtÚvkarb:ueNÑaH minmandl;eRkABIenH elak

eBalfa tTacrM ¬RbRBwtþ[smKYrdl;esckþIsuxenaH¦ edIm,InwgeqøIy

tbBaküsYrfa RbRBwtþedayeGIeBI edIm,IvtþbdibtþienaH buKÁlenaHnwg

)anesckþIsuxEdlsmKYrnwgvtþbdibtþ ienaHEtmü:agk¾minEmn eday

Bit nwgRbsBVkitþiyseTotpg )andl; seRmcnUvekrþ×eQµaH KW PaB

CaGñkmanyspSayeTAkñúgTIkM)aMg edayn½yCaedImfa CaGñkmansIl

mankaykmµ vcIkmµbrisuT§l¥ manGaCIv³brisuT§l¥ CaGñkmankar

smøwg CaGñkRbkbehIyedayQan edayRbkardUecñH .

bTfa yssS v iDÆti ¬ceRmInedayys¦ esckþIfa ys


eBalKW esckþIelIksresIrKuNkñúgTIcMeBaHmux nigys eBalKW

kardl;RBmedaybrivar rEmgceRmIndl;buKÁlenaH . \LÚvenH RBH

efr³kalnwgsEmþgRbeyaCn_EdleBalTuk edaybTfa tTacrM fa

manedayTUeTA edaysrub eTIbeBalfa buKÁlNaceRmInGriymKÁ

manGgÁ 8 EdlCapø ÚvRtg; d¾Rtg; edIm,IseRmcGmtFm’ dUecñH .

Gtßrbs;KafaenaHmandUecñH buKÁlNarEmgceRmIn KW [ekIt

nigceRmIneLIgkñ úgsnþanrbs;xø ÜnnUvbdibTaEdlCaehtu[dl;nUvkar

rlt;Tukç EdleQµaHfa Griy³ eRBaHGtßfa brisuT§ eRBaHq¶aycak

kielsTaMgLay nigeRBaHGtßfa eFVInUvPaBCaGriy³dl;Gñkbdibtþ i

EdleQµaHfa manGgÁ 8 eRBaHCaTIRbCu MénGgÁ 8 mansmµaTidæ iCa

edIm . EdleQµaHfa GBa¢sM ¬Capø ÚvRtg;¦ edayGtßfa minevoc

eRBaHCavtþbdibtþikNþal² EdlevorcakcMENkbMputTaMg 2 y:ag

EdleQµaHfa ]CuM ¬Rtg;¦ eRBaHlHkarevocpøÚvkayCaedIm)an Edl

eQµaHfa mKÁ eRBaHGtßfa GñkRtÚvkarRBHniBVanKb,IdMeNIreTA nig

eRBaHGtßfa smøab;kielsTaMgLayehIydMeNIreTA edIm,Idl; edIm,I


seRmcGmtFm’ KW GsgçtFatu buKÁlenaHRtg;ehIy elakehAfa

buKÁlGñkRtÚvkaresckþIsux kalRbRBwtþ[smKYrdl;esckþIsuxenaH .

eRBaHdUecñaH rEmg)anesckþIsux tamEdleBalehIy .

briBVaCksþab;KafaenaHehIy mancitþRCHføa eTIbecjbYs

bdibtþiedayRbéBehIy ceRmInvibsSna k¾)anseRmcRBHGrhtþkñúg

evlaminyUr . KafaRbB½n§enHÉg )anCakarBüakrN_RBHGrhtþpl

rbs;RBHefr³ .

cb;Gdækfa samBaØkanietßrKafaTI 5

3


Gdðkza kumabutþezrKazaTI 6

[37] saFu sutM saFu critkM saFu sTa Gniektvihaera

G tß bu cä nM b T kçi N k mµM

ÉtM samBaØM GkiBa©nsSati .

karsþab;Cakarl¥ karRbRBwtþCakarl¥ karenAeday

\tGal½y ¬kñúgkamKuN¦ Cakarl¥RKb;kal karsYr

GMBIRbeyaCn_ GMeBIxagsþa M ¬Cakarl¥¦ GMeBITaMgenaH

eQµaHfa CasamBaØpl rbs;buKÁlGñkminmankgVl; .

RBHkumabutþetßr .

Kafarbs;RBHkumarbutþetßr epþImfa karsþab;Cakarl¥ . erOg

ekIteLIgdUcemþc ?

)anB¤fa elakCaGñkmanGFikareFVITukehIykñúgRBHBuT§GgÁmun²

snSMkuslEdlCa]bnisS½yénRBHniBVanTukkñúgPBenaH² kñúgkb,TI

91 GMBIPTÞkb,enH CatabsesøókdNþb;Es,kxøa enAkñúgRBHraC]Tüan

-377- Gdækfa Ékni)t vKÁTI 4 kumabutþefrKafaTI 6

kñúgRkúgBn§ úmtI CYbRBHmanRBHPaKRBHnamfa vibsSI CaGñkmancitþ

RCHføa )anfVayeRbgsRmab;rwtRBH)aT .

edaybuBaØkmµenaH elakk¾)aneTAekItkñ úgeTvelak . cab;

taMgGMBIenaHmk elakk¾Rtac;rgÁat;cMeBaHEtkñúgsuKtiPBb:ueNÑaH kñúg

BuT§b,aTkalenH ekItkñ úgRtkUlKhbtI kñ úgevLúkNþknKr Edn

Gvnþ I . BYkmnusS)antaMgnameKfa nnÞ³ nigmatarbs;eKeQµaHfa

kuma . eRBaHehtuenaH eKeTIbmaneQµaHR)akdfa kumabutþ³ ¬butþ

nagkuma¦ . eKsþab;Fm’kñúgsmñak;rbs;RBHsarIbutþehIy manesckþI

RCHføa eTIbecjbYs eFVIbuBVkic©eRscehIy bMeBjehIysmNFm’

enARtg;RcmuHPñMmYy minGacnwgjúaMgKuNviess[ekIteLIg)an eTIb

cUleTAKal;RBHmanRBHPaK sþab;Fm’ CRmHkmµdæanehIy enAkñ úgTI

EdlCasb,ay júaMgvibsSnaceRmInehIy k¾eFV I[Cak;c,as;nUvRBH

Grhtþ .


1¦ GbTan bidkelx 75 TMB½r 264¦ Ca RBHGBÖBa¢nTayketßr .


eyIgenACitRBHraC]Tüan kñúgRkúgBn§úmtI RKa

enaH eyIgdNþb;Es,kxøaFM kan;l½kácan;¬1¦ .

eyIg)anCYbRBHsymÖÚBuT§ GñkR)ascakFUlI

KW kiels RTg;mincaj;cal manesckþIBüayam

dutkiels manRBHhbJT½ymaMTa M manRbRktIsmøwg

Binitü eRtkGrkñ úgQan RTg;CaGñkEsVgrkKuNd¾FM

éRkElg¬2¦ .

RTg;seRmcesckþIR)afñaTaMgBYg qøgput»X³

ehIy minmanGasv³ RKaeyIgCYbehIy k¾RCHføa

esamnsS )anfVayeRbgsRmab;rwt¬3¦ .


eRbgsRmab;r wt edayTanenaH eyIgminEdlsÁal;

TuKÁtieLIy enHCaplénkarfVayeRbgsRmab;r wt .

eyIgdutkielsTaMgLayehIy .l. Bakü 1¦ l½kçcan; bMBg;dak;Tek 2¦ ERbBIBaküfa \sw tam)alIGbTan kñúgTIenHCa vsw KYrERbfa manesckþICMnaJkñúgQan . 3¦ Baküfa GBÖBa¢n ERbepSgeTotfa fñaMbnþk;EPñk .



kalelakseRmcRBHGrhtþehIy eXIjPikç úTaMgLay man

ragkayrwgmaMCaeRcInenAkñúgéRB kalnwgeBalTUnµanPikçúTaMgenaH Rbkas

PaBEdlRBHsasnaCasasnanaMecjcakTukç eTIb)anPasitKafafa

karsþab;Cakarl¥ karRbRBwtþl¥Cakarl¥ kar

enAeday\tGal½y Cakarl¥RKb;kal karsYrvtß úCa

RbeyaCn_Cakarl¥ kareFV Itam»vaTedayeKarBCakar

l¥ kic©mankarsþab;CaedImenH CaeRKÓgsMKal;rbs;

smN³ rEmgmandl;GñkminmankgVl; .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa saFu esµIn wg sunÞr M ¬Cakarl¥¦ .

bTfa sutM esµInwg svnM ¬karsþab;¦ . karsþab;kfavtß ú 10 Edl

bdisMyutþedayPaBCaCaGñkmanesckþIR)afñaticCaedIm EdlcUleTA

GaRs½yRBHniBVanenaHÉg elakbMNgykkñúgKafaenH .

bTfa saFu critkM ¬karRbRBwtþl¥Cakarl¥¦ esckþIfa kar

RbRBwtþl¥ mankarR)afñaticCaedImenaHÉg EdlRbRBwtþehIy Cakar


l¥ GFib,ayfa esckþIRbRBwtþl¥enaHÉg elakehAfa critk³ ¬kar

RbRBwtþ¦ . eRBaHTaMg 2 bT RBHefr³sEmþgBahusc©³ nigkar

bdibtþ iEdlsmKYrdl;Bahusc©³enaH fa Cakarl¥ .

bTfa sTa ¬RKb;kal¦ esckþIfa kñ úgkalTaMgBYg KW kñ úg

kalEdlnUvCaRBHnvk³ RBHmCÄim³ nigRBHefr³ b¤kñ úgxN³én\ri-

yabfTaMgBYg .

bTfa Gniektvihaera ¬karenAedayminmanGal½y¦ esckþIfa

kamKuN 5 b¤Fm’ KW GarmµN_ 6 EdlCaelakiy³ eQµaHfa niekt³

¬EdlGal½y¦ eRBaHGtßfa CaTItaMgGaRs½yrbs;kielsTaMgLay .

dUcEdlelak ¬RBHmhakc©aynetßr¦ eBalTukfa {mñalKhbtI Gñk

EdlmankarCab;CMBak;kñúgbBa©kamKuN EdlmanrUbCanimitþy:ag]Lar

eyIgeBalfa niektsarI} CaedIm . vtþbdibtþ iedIm,InwglHesckþI

Gal½yTaMgenaH eQµaHfa karenAedayminmanGal½y .

bTfa GtßbucänM ¬karsYrvtßúEdlCaRbeyaCn_¦ esckþIfa kar

sYrrbs;GñkEdlR)afñanwgdwgesckþIenaH cUleTArkklüaNmitþ ehIy


sYrdl;RbeyaCn_EdlCa TidæFmµ ikRbeyaCn_ sm,arayikRbeyaCn_

nigbrmtßRbeyaCn_ b¤CakarsYrdl;RbeyaCn_rbs;sPavFm’ dUcCa

kuslCaedIm edayn½yCaedImfa {bBiRtelakd¾ceRmIn GVICakusl

GVICaGkusl GVImaneTas GVIminmaneTas} eQµaHfa karsYrvtßúEdl

CaRbeyaCn_ .

bTfa bTkçiNkmµM ¬kareFVItam»vaTedayeKarB¦ esckþIfa

k¾karsYrvtß úEdlCaRbeyaCn_enaHehIy taMgenAkñúg»vaTrbs;elak

edayesckþIeKarB eQµaHfa Cakarbdibtþ iRtÚv . Rtg;enHKb,InaMbT

fa saFu mkRbkbcUlpg .

bTfa ÉtM samBaØM ¬kic©mankarsþab;CaedImenH CaeRKÓgsMKal;

rbs;smN³¦ esckþIfa karsþab;NaEdlelakeBalTukedayn½y

CaedImfa karsþab;Cakarl¥ kþ I karRbRBwtþl¥NakþI karenAeday

minmanGal½ykþI karsYrvtß úEdlCaRbeyaCn_NakþI kareFV Itam»vaT

edayeKarBkþI enHCaeRKÓgsMKal;rbs;smN³ KW R)arB§dl;PaBCa

smN³ . eRBaHPaBCasmN³ rEmgmanedaybdibTaenHb: ueNÑaH


minmanedaybdibTadéT dUecñaH bTfa samBaØM ¬eRKÓgsMKal;rbs;

smN³¦ eTIbCaeQµaHrbs;mKÁ nigpledayRtg; .

mü:ageTot vtþbdibtþienH eQµaHfa GbNÑkbdibTa ¬vtþbdibtþi

Edlminxus¦ sRmab;Pikç úenaH . k¾KuN KW eRKÓgsMKal;énPaBCa

smN³enaH rEmgekItmandl;PikçúNa edIm,InwgsEmþgdl;PikçúdUecñaH

elak ¬RBHkumabutþetßr¦ eTIb)aneBalfa GkiBa©nsS ¬Gñkminman

kgVl;¦ . GFib,ayfa dl;buKÁlEdlmincUleTARbkan;cab;yk KW

dl;GñkevorcakkarRKb;RKgsm,tþiman ERs cMkar mas R)ak; TasI

nigTas³ CaedIm .

cb;Gdækfa kumabutþetßrKafaTI 6

3

-383- Gdækfa Ékni)t vKÁTI 4 kumabutþshayefrKafaTI 7

Gdðkza kumabutþshayezrKazaTI 7

[38] nanaCnbTM ynþi vicrnþa GsBaØta

smaFiBa© v iraeFnþ i kwsu rdæcriya krisSti

tsµa vienyü sarmÖM Qaeyyü Gburkçetati .

BYkPikç ú kalRtac;cr edrdas eTAkan;CnbTepSg²

eQµaHfa CaGñkminsRgÜmpg rEmgjúa MgsmaFi [

Pøat;pg karRtac;eTAkñúgEdn nwgeFVIRbeyaCn_GVIekIt .

eRBaHehtuenaH buKÁlKb,IbenÞabg;nUvsarmÖká iels

Kb,Ir MBwg ¬kñ úgkmµdæan¦ eFV Iku M[]bkáielstaMgenACa

RbFan)aneLIy .

RBHefr³CasMLaj;rbs;RBHkumabutþetßr .

Kafarbs;RBHefr³ EdlCasMLaj;rbs;RBHkumabutþetßr epþ Im

fa Pikç úTa MgLayminsRgÜm . erOgekIteLIgdUcemþc?

)anB¤fa elakmanGFikarEdleFVITukkñúgRBHBuT§GgÁmun² snSM

kuslEdlCa]bnisS½yénRBHniBVanTukñúgPBenaH² kñúgkalrbs;RBH


manRBHPaKRBHnamfa siT§tß³ kñúgkb,TI 94 GMBIPTÞkb,enH ekIt

kñ úgpÞHmanRtkUl dl;nUvPaBCaGñkdwgkþIehIy cUleTAkan;éRB kat;

kMNat;eQICaeRcIn eFV ICaeQIRct;fVaysgÇ . nigeKeFVIbuNütam

smKYrdl;sm,tþ iy:agdéT ¬eTot¦ ehIyeTAekItkñ úgBBYkeTB cab;

taMgGMBIenaHmk k¾Rtac;rgÁat;EtkñúgsuKtiEtmü:ag kñúgBuT§b,aTkalenH

mkekItkñúgRtkUlEdlsþúksþmÖmYy kñúgevLúkNþknKr )annamfa

{suTnþ³} . GacarüBYkxøHehAfa {vasul³} .

eKCasMLaj;sñiT§sñalrbs;kumabutþetßr ¬Føab;¦ Rtac;rgÁat; ¬eTA

CamYyKña¦ RCabdMNwgfa kumabutþkumarbYsehIy CaGñkbMNgnwg

bYs edaykarCab;CMBak;kñ úgRBHkumabutþetßrEdlFøab;CasMLaj;sñiT §

sñalenaH )anKitfa {k¾kumabutþkumarbYsehIykñúgRBHFmµvin½yNa

Fmµvin½yenaHKg;minEmnTn;TabedayBit} eTIbcUleTAKal;RBHbrm-

sasþa . RBHbrmsasþaRTg;sEmþgFm’dl;eKehIy eKekItmanqnÞ³

kñúgkarbYsy:agxøaMg bYsehIy CaGñkxVl;xVaykñúgPavna enARtg;

RcmuHPñ MmYyrYmCamYyRBHkumabutþetßrenaHÉg .


k¾edaysm½yenaH PikçúeRcInrUbEdlnwgRtac;carikeTAkan;CnbT

epSg² kþI nwgeTAkþ I nigRtLb;mkkþI nwgcUleTAkan;TIenaH . eRBaH

ehtuenaH eTIbekItekalahleLIgRtg;TIenaH . RBHsuTnþetßreXIj

dUecñaH k¾ekItesckþIsegVKfa {PikçúTaMgenHbYskñúgRBHsasnaEdl

naMstVecjcakTukç enAeRtkGrnwgkarRtiHr iHdl;CnbTeTot eFV Icitþ

EdlCasmaFi[eXøógeXøót} eFVIesckþIsegVKenaHÉg[CakegVr TUnµan

citþrbs;xø Ün)an eTIb)anPasitKafafa

PikçúTaMgLayminsRgÜm Rtac;eTAkan;CnbTepSg²

RbsinebIeFV IsmaFi[eXøógXøat karRtac;eTAkan;Edn

epSg² nwgseRmcRbeyaCn_GV Ihñ + eRBaHdUecñaH Pikç ú

Kb,Ikm©at;PaBrwgt¥ wg ku M[micäav itká³ nigkiels man

tNðaCaedImRKbsgát; Kb,IceRmInQan .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa nanaCnbTM ¬CnbTepSg²¦ )andl;

CnbTEdlepSgKña manlkçN³epSg² Kña . GFib,ayfa maneRcIn

Edn dUcCa EdnkasI nigEdnekasl CaedIm .


bTfa ynþi ¬Rtac;eTA¦ )andl; rEmgeTA . bTfa vicrnþa

¬karRtac;eTA¦ esckþIfa Rtac;carikeTAkan;CnbTedayGMNacénesckþI

RtiHriH manCaedImfa {CnbTÉenaHrkPikça)angay rkbiNÐ)at)an

gay CnbTenaHputP½y minmaneraK} .

bTfa GsBaØta ¬minsRgÜm¦ esckþIfa eQµaHfa mancitþ

minsRgÜmehIy eRBaHlH min)annUvesckþIRtiHriHkñúgCnbTenaHÉg .

bTfa smaFiBa© viraeFnþi ¬ebIeFVIsmaFi[eXøógXøat¦ esckþIfa

EdleQµaHfa júaMgsmaFi man]bcarsmaFi nigGb,nasmaFi Edl

Cab£sKl;rbs;]tþrimnusSFm’TaMgBYg [eXøógXøat . c sBÞeRbI

kñúgGtßlkçxNÐ . kalmin)anseRmcsmaFiEdlminTan;)anseRmc

eRBaHminman»kasedIm,Inwgsmøwg edayrvl;Rtac;eTAcenøaHRbeTs

nigeFVIsmaFiEdldl;ehIy[vinaseTA eRBaHmineFVI[ekItPaBCMnaj

eQµaHfa eFV I[eXøógXøat .

bTfa su kñ úgbTfa kwsu rdæcriya krisSti ¬karRtac;eTA

kan;EdnepSg² nwgseRmcRbeyaCn_GVIhñ+¦ RtwmEtCani)at . RBHefr³


eBaltiHedolfa karRtac;eTAkan;Edn KW Rtac;eTAtamCnbTrbs;Pikçú

y:agenH nwgeFVIGV I)an KW nwgjúMagRbeyaCn_GVI[seRmc eRBaHCavtß ú

KµanRbeyaCn_ .

bTfa tsµa ¬eRBaHdUecñaH¦ esckþIfa eRBaHkarRtac;eTAkan;

RbeTsdéTdUecñH rEmgminnaMRbeyaCn_mk[dl;Pikç ú TaMgEdleQµaH

fa naMmknUvesckþIvinasmk[edayBit eRBaHeFVI[R)ascaksm,tþi

TaMgLay .

bTfa vienyü sarmÖ M ¬Kb,IkMcat;esckþIr wgt¥ wg¦ esckþIfa

kMcat; KW cUleTArm¶ab;PaBrwgt¥wg Edl)andl;esckþIesAhµgéncitþ

Edlbegá IteLIg edayGMNacénesckþImineRtkGrkñúgRbeTsCaTIenA

edaykarBicarNad¾smKYrdl;esckþIesAhµgéncitþenaH .

bTfa Qaeyyü ¬Kb,IceRmInQan¦ esckþIfa Kb,Ismøwg

edayQansUm,ITaMg 2 y:ag KW GarmµNUbniCÄan niglkçNU-

bniCÄan .

bTfa Gburkçeta ¬kuM[micäavitká³ nigkielsmantNðaCaedIm


RKbsgát;¦ esckþIfa minRBm[micäavitká³ b¤kielsmantNðaCaedIm

RKbsgát;)an . GFib,ayfa mincUleTAkñ úgGMNacénkielsTaMg

enaH Kb,IeFV ITukkñúgcitþcMeBaHkmµdæanEtmü:ag .

k¾RBHefr³luHeBaly:agenHehIy eFV IesckþIsegVKenaHÉg[

CakegVr ceRmInvibsSna k¾seRmcRBHGrhtþehIy .


RKaenaH eyIg)ancUleTAkan;éRBFM kat;yk

bJsSIeFVICaeQIRct;¬2¦ fVaycMeBaHsgÇ .

eyIgRkabsMBHPikçúGñkmanvtþl¥ edaycitþRCHføa

enaH eyIgfVayeQIRct;ehIy EbrmuxeTAkan;Tisxag

eCIg .


eQIRct;Na kñúgRKaenaH edaykarfVayeQIRct;enaH


1¦ GbTan bidkelx 75 TMB½r 266¦ Ca RBHTNÐTayketßr/ 2¦ Galm<n TIxøHERbfa eQIhalsMBt; .


eQIRct; .

eyIgdutkielsTaMgLayehIy .eb.

BaküTUnµan rbs;RBHBuT§ eyIgeFV IeRscehIy .

RBHefr³enHeFVIGtßNa[CakegVr seRmcRBHGrhtþehIy elak

elIkykGtßenaHTukkñúgcitþ sUm,IseRmcRBHGrhtþehIy k¾)aneBal

KafaenHdEdleTotfa PikçúTaMgLayminsRgÜm CaedIm . eRBaHehtu

enaH kareBalenaHÉg eTIbCakarBüakrN_RBHGrhtþrbs;RBHefr³enaH

dUecñH .

cb;Gdækfa kumabutþshayetßrKafaTI 7

3


Gdðkza Kvm|tiezrKazaTI 8

[39] eya \T§iya srPMu Gdæebsi

Kvm,ti esa Gsieta GeneCa

tM sBVsgÁatiKtM mhamunw

eTva nmsSnþi PvsS )artunþi .

Pikç úNa bgVilTenøsrPU edaybJT§ ×)an Pikç úenaH KW

Kvm,ti CaGñkminGaRs½y minjab;j½r ¬edaytNða

nigTidæi¦ eTvtaTaMgLay EtgnmsáarnUvRBHefr³enaH

faCa mhamunI CaGñkknøgnUvsgÁFm’TaMgBYg CaGñk

dl;nUveRtIyénPB .

Kafarbs;RBHKvm,tietßr manBaküepþImfa eTvtaTaMgLaynaM

KñanmsáarRBHKvm,ti . erOgekIteLIgdUcemþc?

)anB¤fa elakCaGñkmanGFikarEdleFVITukehIykñúgRBHBuT§GgÁ

mun² kñúgkb,TI 31 GMBIPTÞkb,enH )anCYbRBHBuT§RBHnamfa sixI

mancitþRCHføa )aneFVIkarbUCaedaypáaeQI . edaybuBaØkmµenaH elak

-391- Gdækfa Ékni)t vKÁTI 4 Kvm,tiefrKafaTI 8

eTAekItkñúgeTvelak tmk )aneFVIbuNüTukCaeRcIn [sagq½Rt nig

exOnbUCaTukRtg;RBHectIy_rbs;RBHmanRBHPaKRBHnam ekanaKmn³ .

kñúgkalrbs;RBHmanRBHPaKRBHnam ksSb³ elakekItkñ úgpÞHman

RtkUlmYy . kñúgRtkUlenaH manhVÚgeKaCaeRcIn . BYknayeKa)al

rkSahVÚgeKaenaH . maNBenHFøab;edIrRtÜtBinitükic©kmµEdlBYknay

eKa)alxVl;xVayeFV I Tak;TgnwghVÚgeKaenaH . eKeXIjRBHefr³Ca

RBHxINaRsBmYyrUb Rtac;biNÐ)atkñúgRsúk ehIymkeFVIPtþkic©eRkA

RsúkRtg;kEnøgmYyral;² éf¶ eKKitfa elakm©as;Kg;lM)ak eRBaHRtÚv

kemþAéf¶ eTIbe)aHssredImeRcs 4 edIm ehIyykEmkeRcs 4

Emk mkdak;elIssr eFVICamNÐbRbk;edayEmkeQIfVay . cMENk

GacarüBYkxøHeBalfa eKdaMedImeRcsEk,rmNÐb . edIm,InwgGnueRKaH

eK RBHefr³eTIbKg;eRkamedImeRcsenaHral;² éf¶ .

edaybuBaØkmµenaH eKcutiGMBImnusSeelakenaHehIy eTAekIt

kñ úgvimanCan;catumµharaCika . éRBedImeRcsd¾FMEdlbBa¢ak;dl;kmµ

cas;rbs;eK )anekIteLIgEk,rTVarviman manpáaeQIBYkdéTEdlsm,Úr


edayBN’ nigkøin CYybEnßmnUvPaBl¥Rss;RKb;rdUvkal eRBaHehtu

enaH vimanenaHeTIbR)akdnamfa {esrIskviman} . eTvbutþenaHRtac;

rgÁat;eTAkñúgeTvta nigmnusSTaMgLay Gs;mYyBuT§nþr kñ úgBuT§b,aT-

kalenH maneQµaHfa Kvm,ti ¬CamnusSmñak;¦ kñ úgbNþasMLaj;

EdlCaRKhsß 4 nak; rbs;RBHysetßr . RCabdMNwgfa ys³

ecjbYs eTIb)aneTAKal;RBHmanRBHPaKRBmTaMgsMLaj;rbs;xøÜn .

RBHsasþaRTg;sEmþgFm’dl;eK kñúgevlacb;RBHFm’eTsna eKk¾taMg

enAkñ úgGrhtþplRBmTaMgsMLaj;TaMgLay .


kalmuneyIgCaRBanRmwK Rtac;eTAkñúgéRB )an

CYbRBHBuT§ GñkR)ascakFUlI KW kiels Rtas;dwg

cb;Fm’TaMgBYg .

eyIgmancitþRCHføa mancitþesamnsSkñúgRBH

BuT§GgÁenaH RTg;RbkbedayRBHmhakruNa RTg;

1 GbTan ¬bidkelx 75 TMB½r 268¦ Ca RBHKir ienlkbUCketßr .


eRtkGrkñúgRbeyaCn_ d¾FMTUlaydl;sBVstV eTIb )anbUCaedaypáaGBa¢ ½nexov .


RBHBuT§ edaypáaeQINa eRBaHkarbUCaenaH eyIgmin

EdlsÁal;TuKÁtieLIy enHCaplénBuT§bUCa .



RBHefr³kalseRmcRBHGrhtþehIy esayvimutþisuxenAkñ úg

GBa¢nv½n Rkúgsaekt . sm½yenaH RBHmanRBHPaKRBmTaMgPikçúsgÇ

BYkFM esþcyageTAkan;Rkúgsaekt Rbfab;enAkñ úgRBHviharGBa¢nv½n

esnasn³minlµmenAGaRs½y . PikçúCaeRcIneTIbeTAswgRtg;TYlxSac;

Ek,rmat;TenøsrPU Cit² RBHvihar . RKaenaH kalCMnn;TwkhUrmk

kñúgevlayb; BYksameNrCaedImbeBa©jERskexJóvxJar . RBHman-

RBHPaKRTg;RCabehtuenaH eTIbRTg;bBa¢ÚnRBHKvm,tifa {mñalKvm,ti

cUrGñkXat;RkEsTwkTuk [BYkPikçúenAedayputP½y} . RBHefr³TTYl


RBHBuT§tRmas;fa {RBHkruNa RBHGgÁ} ehIyXat;RkEsTwk[Qb;

edaykmøaMgénbJT§× . RkEsTwkenaH)anQb;es¶óm taMgenAdUckMBUlPñM

enAkñ úgTIq¶ayenaHÉg . cab;taMgGMBIenaHmk GanuPaBrbs;RBHefr³

k¾RtÚv)aneKdwgkñ úgelak . kñúgéf¶mYy RBHbrmsasþaTtRBHenRt

eXIjRBHefr³GgÁúysEmþgFm’nUvkñúgkNþaleTvbris½TcMnYneRcIn kal

nwgRTg;sresIrRBHefr³ edIm,IRbkasKuNrbs;elak edayesckþI

GnueRKaHstVelak eTIbRTg;)anPasitRBHKafafa

eTvtaTaMgLay naMKñanmsáarRBHKvm,ti Gñk

hamTenøsrPU[Qb;hUr)anedaybJT§× minCab;enAkñúg

kiels nigtNðaNa² minjab;j½rcMeBaHGVITaMgGs;

CaGñkqøgputkiels CaeRKÓgCab;CMBak;TaMgBYg Ca

mhamunI CaGñkdl;eRtIyénPB .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa \T§iya ¬edaybJT§×¦ )andl; bJT§ ×

seRmcedaykarGFidæan . bTfa srPuM ¬TenøsrPU¦ )andl; Tenø

Edlmannamy:agenHfa srPU tamEdleKehAmkkñúgelak . bTfa


Gdæebsi ¬[Qb;hUr¦ esckþIfa bgÁab;min[TwkhUr KW [hUrRtLb;

[taMgnUvCaKMnrTwkFM dUckM:BUlPñM .

bTfa Gsieta ¬minCab;enA¦ kat;bTCa n sieta KW RBH

Kvm,tienaH evorcakkielsEdlCaTIGaRs½y KW tNða nigTidæ i b¤

minRtÚvCab;edaykielsCaeRKÓgCab;CMBak;Na² eRBaHdksMeyaCn³

eBalKW kielsCaeRKÓgCab;CMBak;TaMgGs;)an tGMBIenaH k¾CaGñk

eQµaHfa minjab;j½r eRBaHminmankielsCaeRKÓgjab;j½rTaMgLay

eTvta nigmnusSTaMgBYg k¾naMKñanmsáarRBHKvm,ti Gñkqøgputkiels

CaeRKÓgCab;CMBak;TaMgBYgdUecñaH KW eQµaHfa qøgputkielsCaeRKÓg

Cab;CMBak;TaMgBYg eRBaHQanknøgFm’CaeRKÓgCab;CMBak; KW raK³

eTas³ emah³ manH nigTidæiecj)anehIytaMgenA GñkeQµaHfa Ca

mhamunI eRBaHCamunIEdlminRtÚvsikSa tGMBIenaH eQµaHfa CaGñk

dl;eRtIyénPB eRBaHdl;RBHniBVan EdlCaeRtIyénPBTaMgGs; Edl

EckCakamPB nigkmµPBCaedIm .

bTfa eTva nmsSnþi ¬eTvtaTaMgLaynaMKñanmsáar¦ esckþIfa


sUm,IeTvtaTaMgLayk¾nmsáar nwgcaM)ac;eBalfVIdl;stVeRkABIenH .

kñúgevlacb;RBHKafa karseRmcFm’)anmandl;BYkstVeRkA

GMBIenH .

kñúgevlacb;RBHKafa karseRmcFm’k¾mandl;BYkCnd¾eRcIn .

RBHefr³kalnwgBüakrN_Grhtþpl k¾)aneBalKafaenHÉg eday

Kitfa {eyIgnwgbUCaRBHsasþa} .

cb;Gdækfa Kvm,tietßrKafaTI 8

3

-397- Gdækfa Ékni)t vKÁTI 4 tisSefrKafaTI 9

Gdðkza tisSezrKazaTI 9

[40] stiþya viy »medæa Dyðmaenv mtßek

k a m r a K b, h a n a y seta Pikçú briBVeCti .

Pikç úGñkmansµartI kalebIekþARkhay ¬edayePø IgTukç

ePø Igkiels¦ dUcbuKÁlEdleKcak; edaylMEBgRtg;

k,al Kb,IevorRsLH edIm,IlHbg;kamraK³ecj . RBHtisSetßr .

Kafarbs;RBHtisSetßr epþ Imfa bursRtÚvcak;edaylMEBg .


)anB¤fa sUm,IRBHefr³enH k¾CaGñkmanGFikarEdleFVITukehIy

kñúgRBHBuT§GgÁmun² snSMbuBaØkmµEdlCa]bnisS½yénRBHniBVanTukkñúg

PBenaH² RbmUlsøwkeQIcas;Rtg;Kl;eQIRtas;dwgrbs;RBHmanRBHPaK

RBHnamfa tisS³ ecj ehIyeFV Ikarsm¥at . edaybuBaØkmµenaH

elakRtac;rgÁat;enAkñ úgeTvelak nigmnusSTaMgLay kñúgBuT§b,aT-

kalenH ekItCa»rsrbs;esþcmarbs;RBHmanRBHPaK kñúgRkúgkbi-


lBsþú mannamfa tisS³ .

elakbYstamRBHmanRBHPaK ]bsm,TaehIyenAkñ úgdgéRB

GaRs½yRBHCati k¾Rbkan;xø Ün eRcIneTAedayesckþIeRkaF nigesckþI

ceg¥ótcg¥l; nigeRcIneTAedaykaredIrcab;kMhusGñkdéT mineFV Ikar

xVl;xVaykñúgsmNFm’ .

kñúgéf¶mYy RBHsasþaRTg;eXIjelakedklk;hamat; enAkñ úg

TIsRmakeBléf¶edayTiBVckç ú eTIbesþcyagGMBIRkúgsavtßIeTAtampøÚv

Gakas Rbfab;QrenAkñúgGakaselIRBHefr³enaHÉg pSay»PaseTA

júMagsti[ekItdl;RBHefr³EdlPJak;eLIgeday»PasenaH kalnwg

RbTanRBH»vaT )anRtas;RBHKafafa

bursRtÚvcak;edaylMEBg b¤RtÚvePø IgeqHRtg;

sIrs³ Rbjab;rkSa y:agNa Pikç úKb,ICaGñksti

BüayamedIm,IlHkamraK³ dUecñaH .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa stþiya ¬edaylMEBg¦ enH Ca

matikaéneTsna . GFib,ayfa edays®sþaEdlmanmuxEtmçagCa


edIm . bTfa »medæa ¬RtÚvcak;¦ )andl; RtÚvRbharehIy .

GFib,ayfa karcak;man 4 y:ag KW »mdæ³ 1 ]mµdæ³ 1 mdæ³ 1

vimdæ³ 1 .

kñúgbNþakarcak; 4 y:agenaH karQrGMBIxagelI ykmux

lMEBgcak;cuHmkxageRkam eQµaHfa »mdæ³ . karQrGMBIxageRkam

ykmuxlMEBgcak;eTAxagelI eQµaHfa ]mµd æ³ . karcak;edayBYy

TmøúH dUcCaeQIRsÜc nigm¢úl eQµaHfa mdæ³ . karcak;d¾essRKb;

RbePT eQµaHfa vimdæ³ .

EtkñúgTIenH RTg;sMedAdl; karEdleQµaHfa »mdæ³ . GFi-

b,ayfa karcak;Ebb»mµdæ³enaH TaruNCagRKb;² y:ag CalMEBg

Edldkecj)anlM)ak Büa)al)anlM)ak ekItBisxagkñúg eFVI[xÞ úH

nigQamkkxagkñúg . xÞ úH nigQamEdlminhUrecjnwg ¬kkCadu M¦

biTmuxrbYs . GñkbMNgnwgykxÞúH nigQamecj RtÚvcgP¢ab;xø Ün

nwgERK[edkmank,alsMyugcuH . stVTaMgLayeTIbdl;nUvesckþI

søab;xøH dl;esckþITukçesÞIrEtnwgsøab;xøH . bTfa Dyðmaenv ¬RtÚv


ePø IgeqH¦ )andl; EdlePøIgeqHehIy . bTfa mtßek esµIKñanwg

sIes ¬Rtg;sIs³¦ .

elakGFib,ayfa bursEdlRtÚvcak;edaylMEBgRbePTEdl

EpømutcuHxageRkam rEmgeRbIBüayamedIm,IdklMEBgecj nigeFV Ikar

dak;fñaMrkSarbYs KW RbkbBüayamdUecñaH RbwgERbgehIy y:agNa

b¤eRbóbdUckalRtÚvePIøgeqHelIk,al CnEdlRtÚvePøIgeqHk,al rEmg

BüayamedIm,Inwglt;ePIøgenaH KW eFVInUvesckIþBüayamEbbenaH y:ag

Na Pikçúk¾dUecñaHdUcKña Kb,ICaGñkenAedaysti KW minRbmaT edIm,I

lHkamraK³ )andl; CaGñkmanesckþI]sSah_edayBit .

RBHd¾manRBHPaK kalRTg;RbTanRBH»vaT edIm,Ir Mlt;esckþI

eRkaF nigesckþIceg¥ótcg¥l; dl;RBHefr³enaHy:agenHehIy RTg;

júaMgeTsna[cb;[dl;kMBUl KW karlHkamraK³ eRBaHtaMgenAkñ úg

zan³EtmYy . RBHefr³sþab;RBHKafaenaHehIy CaGñkmancitþsegVK

eTIbCaGñkBüayamxVl;xVaykñúgvibsSna . RBHsasþaRTg;RCabGFüa-

Rs½yrbs;elakehIy RTg;sEmþgtisSetßrsURt kñúgsMyutþnikay


kñúgevlacb;eTsna RBHefr³taMgenAkñ úgRBHGrhtþplehIy .


eyIgesayysTaMg 2 y:ag kñúgeTvelak

nigmnusSelak kñúgGvsan eyIg)anseRmcRBH

niBVand¾ekSm d¾]tþm .

bursNaRbsBVbuNü eRBaH]TÞiscMeBaHRBH

smµasm<úT§ b¤eBaFiRBwkS ¬edImeQIRtas;dwg¦ rbs;

RBHsasþaRBHGgÁenaH sRmab;bursdUecñaH vtß úGV Ihñ +

EdleKnwgrk)anlM)ak .

eKrEmgCaGñkFMéRkElgCagCndéT² kñúgmKÁ

pl nigbriytþi nigKuN KW Qan nigGPiBaØa min

manGasv³ rEmgbriniBVan .

kalmuneyIgmancitþeRtkGr RbmUlyksøwk

eBaFieTAecal eTIbCaGñkdl;RBmedayKuN 20

1¦ GbTan ¬bidkelx 75 TMB½r 269¦ Ca RBHeBaFismµC¢ketßr .


RbkarenH RKb;T ivaraRtIkal .



RBHefr³kalseRmcRBHGrhtþehIy kalnwgBüakrN_Grhtþ-

pl )aneBalKafaenaHÉg edIm,IbUCaRBHsasþa .

cb;Gdækfa tisSetßrKafaTI 9

3

-403- Gdækfa Ékni)t vKÁTI 4 vDÆmanefrKafaTI 10

Gdðkza vD¿manezrKazaTI 10‘1’

[41] stiþya viy »medæa Dyðmaenv mtßek

P v r a K b, h a n a y seta Pikç ú briBVeCti .

Pikç úGñkmansµartI kalebIekþARkhay ¬edayePø IgTukç

ePø Igkiels¦ dUcbuKÁlEdleKcak; edaylMEBgRtg;

k,al Kb,IevorRsLH edIm,IlHbg;PvraK³ecj .

RBHvDÆmanetßr .

Kafarbs;RBHvDÆmanetßr manBaküepþImfa bursEdlRtÚvcak;

edaylMEBg . erOgekIteLIgdUcemþc?

)anB¤fa sUm,IRBHefr³enHk¾)anCaGñkmanGFikareFV ITukehIy

kñúgRBHBuT§GgÁ² mun kñúgkb,TI 92 GMBIPTÞkb,enH kñ úgkalrbs;

RBHmanRBHPaKRBHnamfa tisS³ ekItkñúgpÞHmanRtkUlmYy dl;nUv

PaBdwgkþ IehIy eXIjRBHmanRBHPaKRBHnamfa tisS³ esþcyag

biNÐ)at k¾CaGñkmancitþRCHføaehIy )anfVayEpøsVayTuMEdlRCúH

cakTg . edaybuBaØkmµenaH elakeTAekItkñúgeTvelak snSMbuBaØkmµ

1¦ namRBHefr³ mineXIjmankñúgGbTaneT .


CaerOy² kñúgBuT§b,aTkalenH mkekItkñúgRtkUlesþclicävI kñúgRkúg

evsalI mannamfa vDÆman³ .

elakceRmInv½yehIy CaGñkmansT§a RCHføa CaTayk eRtkGr

kñúgTan CaGñkeFVItamBaküTUnµan CasgÇúbdæak kalRtÚvRBHsasþa

Rtas;bgÁab;[páab;)aRt eRBaHkMhusEbbenaH eTIbdUcCaRtÚvCan;ePøIg

júaMgsgÇ[elIkeTas rm¶ab;kmµenaHehIy ekItesckþIsegVK eTIb

ecjbYs luHbYsehIy )anCaGñkRtÚvfInmiT§³RKbsgát; . RBHsasþa

kalnwg[elaksegVK eTIbRtas;KafaenHfa

bursEdlRtÚvcak;edaylMEBg b¤RtÚvePøIgeqH

Rtg;k,al Rbjab;rkSa y:agNa Pikç úKb,ICaGñkman

sti BüayamedIm,IlHPvraK³ dUecñaH .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa PvraKb,hanay ¬edIm,IlHPvraK³¦

esckþIfa edIm,IlHecjnUvPvraK³ rUbraK³ nigGrUbraK³ . ebIenAlH

sMeyaCn³xagkñúgmin)an karlHsMeyaCn³xageRkArEmgmanmin)an

k¾Bit EtsUm,IdUecñaH karlH»rmÖaKiysMeyaCn³ k¾CakarEdlRBH-

manRBHPaKRtas;TukehIy edayRtas;dl;karlH]T§mÖaKiysMeyaCn³

-405- Gdækfa Ékni)t vKÁTI 4 vDÆmanefrKafaTI 10

eRBaHmankñ úglMdab;mkGMBImun . mü:ageTot eRBaHehtuEdl]T§mÖa-

KiysMeyaCn³ EdlRBHGriybuKÁlBYkxøH sUm,Ikat;pþac;»rmÖaKiy-

sMeyaCn³)anehIy k¾enAlH)anlM)ak dUecñaH RBHmanRBHPaKkal

nwgRTg;sEmþgcMeBaHsMeyaCn³EdllH)anlM)ak eTIbRtas;karlH

]T§mÖaKiysMeyaCn³TaMgGs;Tuk edaykarlHPvraK³CasMxan; eRBaH

Carbs;lH)anedaygay .

mü:agvijeTot RBHmanRBHPaKRtas;y:agenH edayGMNacén

GFüaRs½yrbs;RBHefr³enaHÉg . Baküd¾essmann½ydUceBalmk

ehIyenaHÉg .

cb;Gdækfa vDÆmanetßrKafaTI 10


RBHKhvrtiriyefr³ 1 RBHsub,iyefr³ 1 RBHesa)kefr³ 1 RBHe)siyefr³ 1 RBHsamBaØkaniefr³ 1 RBHkumabutþefr³ 1 RBHkumabutþsahayefr³ 1 RBHKvm,tiefr³ 1 RBHtisSefr³ 1 RBHvDÆmanefr³ 1

dUecñHÉg . s t r


ezrKaza Ékni:t

vK<TI 5

Gdðkza sirivD¿ezrKazaTI 1

[42] vi v r m nu b t nþi vi C¢ú t a

evParsS c bNÐvsS c

nKvivrKeta c Qayti

buetþa Gb,dimsS taTienati .

epøkbenÞar EtgdalRcvat;eTAkan;cenøaHPñMevPar³pg

PñMbNÐv³pg cMENkxagPikçúCabutþ rbs;RBHmanRBH

PaK RBHGgÁCabuKÁlnwgFwg \tmanKUeRbób k¾Etg

cUleTAkan;cenøaHPñ M ceRmInQan .

Kafarbs;RBHsirivDÆmanetßr epþImfa epøkbenÞarEtgdalRcvat;

cUleTA . erOgekIteLIgdUcemþc?

RBHefr³GgÁenaH k¾CaGñkmanGFikar)aneFVITukehIykñúgRBHBuT§

GgÁmun ² snSMkuslEdlCa]bnisS½yénRBHniBVanTukkñ úgPBenaH ²

-407- Gdækfa Ékni)t vKÁTI 5 sir ivDÆefrKafaTI 1

kñúgkalrbs;RBHmanRBHPaKRBHnamfa vibsSI kñ úgkb,TI 91 GMBI

PTÞkb,enH ekItkñ úgpÞHmanRtkUlmYy dl;nUvPaBCaGñkdwgkþ IehIy

eXIjRBHmanRBHPaK vibsSI eTIbeFVIkarbUCaedaypáasirman; . eday

buBaØkmµenaH eKk¾eTAekItkñúgeTvelak eFV IbuNüt² mk ehIyRtac;

rgÁat;eTAEtkñ úgsuKtiPB . kñúgBuT§b,aTkalenH mkekItkñúgRtkUl

RBahµN_EdlbribUN’edaysm,tþi kñ úgRkúgraCRKwH eK)aneQµaHfa

{sir ivDÆ³} .

sirivDÆkumarceRmInv½yehIy ekItesckþIRCHføakñ úgRBHbrm-

sasþa nigkñúgRBHsT§mµ kñúgsmaKmrbs;RBH)aTBim<isar eTIbecj

bYs eRBaHbribUN’edayehtu . kalelakbYs nigeFVIbuBVkic©eRsc

ehIy CaGñkxVl;xVaykñúgkmµdæan enAkñ úgl¥agPñ M kñ úgéRBmYykEnøg

minq¶ayGMBIPñMevPar³ .

k¾kñúgsm½yenaH ePøógxusrdUvtaMgeLIgy:agxøaMg . epøkbenÞar

dalRcvat; cUleTAkñ úgcenøaHPñM . kemþAkñúgrdUvekþA ¬kñúgkay¦ rbs;

RBHefr³ EdlRtÚvkemþAGMBIrdUvekþAebotebon k¾s¶b;eTA eRBaHePøógFøak;


cuHmk . citþ)anÉkKÁtarmµN_ eRBaH)anrdUvCaTIsb,ay . RBHefr³

mancitþtaMgmaMehIy xVl;xVaykñúgvibsSna k¾)anluHRBHGrhtþ .


RBHsBVBaØ ÚCaGñknaMrbs;elak mansm,úrdUc

mas RBHGgÁCaGñknaMrbs;elak RTg;ekþARBHvrkay

eTIbesþccuHTwkeRsacRsg; .

eyIgmancitþr Ikray mancitþesamnsS )an

kan;ykpáasirman;eTAbUCa cMeBaHRBHsBVBaØ ÚRBHnam

fa vibsSI EdlCacmRbCa CabuKÁlnwgFwg .


RBHBuT§ edaypáaeQINa eRBaHkarbUCaenaH eyIg

minEdlsÁal;TuKÁtieLIy enHCaplénBuT§bUCa .


esþccRkBtþi RTg;RBHnamfa PImrf³ RTg;bribUN’

1¦ GbTan ¬bidkelx 73 TMB½r 138¦ Ca RBHkwkNikbuböiyetßr . kñúgGbTan CapáakNþwg .

-409- Gdækfa Ékni)t vKÁTI 5 sirivDÆefrKafaTI 1




kalelakseRmcRBHGrhtþehIy kalnwgbnøW]TanEdlTak;

TgCamYyxøÜn edayGagdl;RBHGrhtþpl )anPasitKafafa

epøkbenÞarEtgdalRcvat;eTAkan;cenøaHPñMevPar³

pg PñMbNÐv³pg y:agNa cMENkxagPikçúCabutþrbs;

RBHmanRBHPaK RBHGgÁCabuKÁlnwgFwg \tmanKUeRbób

k¾EtgcUleTAkan;cenøaHPñ M ceRmInQan dUecñaH .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa vivrM ¬cenøaH¦ RbehagEdlmankñúg

cenøaH KW Rtg;kNþal . bTfa Gnubtnþi ¬dalRcvat;cUleTA¦ esckþI

fa Føak;eTA KW RbRBwtþeTAkñúglkçN³beNþaytam GFib,ayfa dal

Rcvat; . EdlehAfa dalRcvat; k¾KW epøkbenÞar EdlRcvat;eTA

enaHÉg . eRBaHRbkb Gnu sBÞ cUleTAkñ úgbTfa vivr M enH eTIb

eRbICaTutiyaviPtþi dUckñúgRbeyaCn_CaedImfa rukçmnuvieC¢atnþi ¬epøkbenÞar


dalRcvat;tamcenøaHedImeQI¦ dUecñH .

bTfa viC¢úta ERbfa epøkbenÞar .

bTfa evParsS c bNÐvsS c ¬énPñ MevPar³ nigPñ MbNÐv³¦

RbkbesckþIfa BnøWEqVlqVat;cUleTAtamcenøaHénPñ MevPar³ nigPñM

bNÐv³ .

bTfa nKvivrKeta ¬cUleTAkan;cenøaHénPñM¦ esckþIfa cUleTA

kan;cenøaHénPñM KW l¥agkñúgPñM . bTfa Qayti ¬ceRmInQanehIy¦

esckþIfa smøwgedayGarmµNUbniCÄan niglkçNUbniCÄan KW kal

xVl;xVaykñúgsmf³ nigvibsSna eQµaHfa rEmgjúaMgQan[ceRmIn .

bTfa buetþa Gb,dimsS taTiena ¬GñkCabutþénRBHBuT§ CaGñk

nwgFwg minmanbuKÁleRbób)an¦ esckþIfa CabutþEdlekItGMBIRBH]r³

rbs;RBHmanRBHPaK GñkminmanKUeRbób KW evorcakKUeRbóbpÞwm eRBaH

kardl;RBménFmµkay manKMnrénsIlCaedIm nigkardl;RBménrUb

kay EdleQµaHfa nwgFwg eRBaHdl;RBmedaylkçN³rbs;Gñknwg

Fwgkñ úg\dæarmµN_ nigGnidæarmµN_CaedIm . Kb,IRCabfa eday butþ

-411- Gdækfa Ékni)t vKÁTI 5 sir ivDÆefrKafaTI 1

sBÞ kñúgKafaenaHÉg eQµaHfa CakarEdlRBHefr³BüakrN_RBHGr-

htþplehIy eRBaHsEmþg[RCabfa elakekIttamRBHsasþa .

cb;Gdækfa sirivDÆetßrKafaTI 1

3


Gdðkza xTirvniyezrKazaTI 2

[43] hel ]bhel sIsubhel

hla ]bhla sIsubhla

btisStika nu exa vihrf

GaKeta eva valM viy evFiytIti .

mñalnaghla mñalnag]bhla mñalnagsIsu-

bhla nagTaMgLay eQµaHhla eQµaH]bhla

eQµaHsIsubhla cUrCaGñkmanstix¢ab;x¢ÜncuH ¬d,it RBHsarIbutþCabg¦ rbs;nagTaMgLay )anmkRtg; ehIy dUcGñk)aj;eramknÞúyRTay .

RBHxTirvniyetßr .

Kafarbs;RBHxTirvniyervtetßr¬1¦ manBaküepþImfa sameNr

hla . erOgekIteLIgdUcemþc?

)anB¤fa kñúgkalrbs;RBHd¾manRBHPaKRBHnamfa bTumutþr³

RBHefr³enHekItkñúgRtkUlGñkEcvTUk Rtg;kMBg; naRkúghgSvtI eFVIkar

1¦ bidkCa xTirvnieya efera .

-413- Gdækfa Ékni)t vKÁTI 5 xTirvniyefrKafaTI 2

garkñúgTUkCaGñkRbcaMRtg;kMBg;TwkeQµaHfa byaK³ énTenømhaKgÁa .

éf¶mYy eXIjRBHd¾manRBHPaKRBmTaMgBYksavk esþcyageTAkan;

eRtIyTenøKgÁa CaGñkmancitþRCHføa RbkbTUkkeRmal yagRBHman-

RBHPaK RBmTaMgRBHsavk[dl;eRtIyxagnay edaykarbUCa nig

kareFV Iskáar³CaeRcIn eXIjPikç úmYyrUbEdlRBHsasþaRTg;EtgtaMgTuk

kñúgtMENgénPikçúEdlRbesIrCagPikçúGñkenAéRB eTIbtaMgesckþIR)afña

edIm,I)antMENgenaH bMeBjmhaTanfVayRBHmanRBHPaK nigPikç ú-

sgÇ .

RBHmanRBHPaKRTg;BüakrN_fa esckþIR)afñarbs;eKmin\tGMeBI

eLIy . taMgGMBIenaH eKbMeBjkuslEdlCa]bnisS½yénRBHniBVan

TukkñúgPBenaH² Rtac;rgÁat;eTAkñ úgeTvelak nigmnusSTaMgLay kñúg

BuT§b,aTkalenH ekItkñúgépÞrbs;nagRBahµNIeQµaHfa rUbsarI kñúg

nalkRKam EdnmFK³ . matabitarbs;eK cgeKEdlceRmInv½y

ehIyedayeRKÓgcg KW pÞH eKRCabfa RBHsarIbutþetßrbYs eTIbKit

fa {elakm©as;]btisS³EdlCabgFMrbs;eyIg lHbg;sm,tþiTaMgGs;


bYsehIy eyIgnwgelbduMesøsµEdlRBH]btisS³enaHesþaHecaldUc

emþc)an?} ekItesckþIsegVK dUcCaRmwKEdlkMBugedIreTArkGnÞak;

eTIbbeBaäatBYkjati Edlehtusm,tþidas;etOnehIy eTAkan;smñak;

rbs;Pikç úTaMgLay R)ab;[RCabfa Cab¥ÚnRbúsrbs;RBHFmµesnabtI

nigR)ab;fa R)afñabBVC¢a . PikçúTaMgLayeTIb[eKbBVC¢a lµmeKGayu

RKb; 20 qñaMbribUN’ k¾[]bsm,Ta nigENnaMkmµdæan . elakeron

kmµdæanehIy cUleTAkan;éRBKKI Kitfa {eyIgseRmcGrhtþehIy

eTIbnwgcUlKal;RBHmanRBHPaK nigCYbRBHFmµesnabtI} ehIyRbwg

ERbgBüayam )anCaGñkmanGPiBaØa 6 kñúgevlaminyUr eRBaHmanjaN

cas;køa .


sÞwgeQµaHPaKIrfI¬1¦ ekItGMBIhimBanþRbeTs

eyIgCam©as;TUkenARtg;kMBg;TwkEdlminrabesµI cmøg

mnusSGMBIeRtIyenH eTAeRtIyxagnay .

1¦ GbTan ¬bidkelx 72 TMB½r 117¦ RBHxTirvniyervtetßr . 2¦ bidk PaKIrsI .


RBHsmµasm<úT §RBHnamfabTumutþr³ RTg;CaGñk

naMénelak ]tþmCagsBVstV CamYyRBHxINaRsB

2 EsnrUb¬1¦ nwgqøgRkEsTwk .

eyIgnaMTUkmkrYmTukCaeRcIn ehIyeFV Id MbUl

TUk EdlnayCagerobcMd¾l¥ TukTTYlRBHBuT§CaGñk

Gg;GacCanrCn .

k¾RBHsmµasm<úT§esþcyageLIgTUk RBHsasþa

Rbfab;QrkNþalvarI )anRtas;RBHKafaTaMgenHfa .

buKÁlNanaMRBHsmµasm<úT § nigRBHsgÇGñk

minmanGasv³qøgeRtIy buKÁlenaHnwgrIkrayenAkñ úg

eTvelakedaycitþEdlRCHføaenaH .

vimanEdlbuBaØkmµeFV IT ukd¾s¥at mansNæan

dUcTUknwgekItdl;Gñk dMbUlpáaeQInwgkarBarenAelI

GakassBVkal .

1¦ )alIc,ab;süamfa vIsstshesShi kñúgGdækfa vsIstshesShi KYrERbfa {savkGñk EdlCMnaj 100>000 rUb} .


kñúgkb,TI 58 buKÁlenHnwg)anCaesþccRkBtþi

RBHnamfa tarN³¬1¦ RTg;RKb;RKg;EpndI mansmuRT

4 CaRBMEdn .

kñúgkb,TI 57 nwg)anCakSRtRBHnamfacm<k³

manBlanuPaBeRcIn nwgrugerOgdUcRBHGaTitü]T½y .

kñúgkb,TI 100>000 RBHsasþaRBHnamfa

eKatm edayRBHeKaRt EdlsmÖBkñúgvgSRBH)aT

»káakraC esþcnwg]b,tþ ieLIgkñ úgelak .

buKÁlenHcakéRtTsehIy nwgdl;PaBCamnusS

CabutþénRBahµN_ mannamfa ervt³ .

eKEdlkuslmUldas;etOnehIy nwgecjcak

pÞHbYs kñúgsasnarbs;RBHmanRBHPaK RBHnamfa

eKatm .

eRkayeKbYsehIy nwgRbkbesckþIBüayam

1¦ c,ab;PUma Ca tark³ .


ceRmInv ibsSna kMNt;dwgGasv³TaMgBYgehIy Ca

buKÁlminmanGasv³ niBVan .

eyIgmanesckþIBüayamEdlnaMFur³eTA Edl

naMmknUvFm’CaEdnekSmcakeyaK³ eyIgtmál;kay

EdlCaPBcugeRkay enAkñ úgsasnarbs;RBHsmµa-

sm<úT § .

kmµEdleyIgeFVITukkñúg 100>000 kb, )an

sEmþgpldl;eyIgkñúgCatienH CYydutkielsrbs;

eyIg[eqH dUckUnsrEdlputcakFñÚreTAy:agrh½s .

lMdab;enaH RBHmunIGñkdl;TIbMputénelak

eXIjeyIgeRtkGrehIykñúgéRB eTIbRTg;EtgtaMgeyIg

CakMBUlénPikç úGñkenAkñúgéRB .



bdismÖiTa 4 viemakç 8 GPiBaØa 6 eyIgeFV I


[Cak;c,as;ehIy BaküTUnµanrbs;RBHBuT§ eyIgeFV I

eRscehIy .

RBHefr³kalseRmcGPiBaØa 6 cat;EcgrkSaesnasn³ kan;

)aRtcIvreTAedIm,IKal;RBHsasþa nigedIm,ICYbRBHFmµesnabtI mkdl;

RkúgsavtßIedaylMdab; cUleTAkan;vtþeCtBnehIy fVaybgÁMRBHbrm

sasþa nigfVaybgÁMRBHFmµesnabtIehIy sñak;enAkñúgvtþeCtBn 2-3

éf¶ .

lMdab;enaH RBHsasþaRbfab;enAkNþalBYkRBHGriysgÇ RTg;

EtgtaMgelakTukkñúgCabuKÁlRbesIrCagPikçúGñkenAéRB ¬ÉtTKÁ³¦ eday

RBHBuT§tRmas;fa {mñalPikçúTaMgLay ervt³ xTirvniy³ RbesIrCag

savkTaMgLayrbs;tfaKtGñkenAéRB} . tmk elakRtLb;eTAkan;

RsúkkMeNItrbs;xøÜn naMkµÜyRbús 3 nak; KW cala ]bcala sIsU-

bcala¬1¦ EdlCabutþrbs;bgRsITaMg 3 KW nagcala nag]bcala

nignagsIsUbcala mkCamYyehIy[bYs RBmTaMgENnaMkmµdæan[

sameNr 3 rUbk¾RbkberOy² enAkñ úgkmµdæan .

1¦ tamesckþ IGdækfa KW cala ]bcala sIsubcala .


k¾sm½yenaH GaBaF)anekIteLIgdl;RBHefr³ . RBHsarIbutþ

RCabdMNwgenaH eTIbeTArkRBHervt³edayKitfa {eyIgnwgsYrGakar

Cm¶W nigsYrmKÁplEdlRBHervt³)anseRmc} . RBHervtetßreXIj

RBHFmµesnabtInimnþmkGMBIcm¶ay kalnwgeBalTUnµansameNrTaMg

enaHeday[ekItsti eTIbeBalKafaenHfa

sameNrcala sameNr]bcala sameNr

sIsUbcala GñkTaMg 3 CaGñkmansticMeBaHmuxb¤?

RBHsarIbutþEdlCaG‘Mrbs;BYkGñk EdleRbóbdUcCa

nayxµan;FñÚd¾CMnaj )aj;cugknÞúyeramRTay)an mk

dl;ehIy .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa cael ]bcael sIsUbcael Ca

BaküehAsameNrTaMgenaH GFib,ayfa ekµg 3 nak;enaH man

eQµaHEbb®sþIePTfa cala ]bcala sIsUbcala sUm,IbYsehIy

k¾ehAy:agenaH . EtGacarüBYkxøHeBalfa eQµaHrbs;sameNr

TaMgenaH KW calI ]bcalI sIsUbcalI . RBHefr³kalnwgR)ab;dl;


bMNgnwgdas;etOn edaybTfa sameNrcala CaedIm eTIbeBal

fa btisStika nu exa vihrf ¬GñkTaMg 3 CaGñkmansticMeBaHmux

ehIyb¤hñ+? ehIyeTIbsEmþgehtukñúgkardas;etOnenaHfa GaKeta

eva valM viy evFiyti ¬RBHsarIbutþEdlCaG‘Mrbs;BYkGñk eRbób

dUcCanayxµan;Fñ Úd ¾CMnaj )aj;cugeramstVRTay mkdl;ehIy .

bTfa btisSta esµInwg btisStika ¬ERbfa mansticMeBaH

mux¦ . sBÞfa exa Cani)at cuHkñ úgGtßGvFarN³ .

bTfa GaKeta ¬mkdl;ehIy¦ )andl; mkehIy . bTfa

eva ERbfa rbs;GñkTaMgLay .

bTfa valM viy evFi ¬eRbóbdUcnayxµan;Fñ Úd ¾CMnaj )aj;

cugeramstVRTay)an¦ esckþIfa dUcnayxµan;Fñ Ú)aj;cugeramRTay .

kñúg)aTénKafaenH manesckþIsegçbdUecñH RBHefr³EdlG‘Mrbs;Gñk

TaMgLay EdleQµaHfa dUcnayxµan;FñÚ)aj;cugeramRTay eRBaHman

bBaØaekøóvkøa manbBaØavagév manbBaØamut CaGñkTI 2 bnÞab;GMBI

RBHsasþa mkehIy eRBaHdUecñaH GñkTaMgLaycUrcUleTAtaMgsmN-


sBaØa CaGñkRbkbeTAedaystism,CBaØ³cuH KW cUrCaGñkminRbmaT

kñúgviharFm’tamEdl)anseRmc .

sameNrTaMgenaHsþab;dUecñaHehIy eFV IvtþmankareRkakTTYl

RBHFmµesnabtICaedIm kñúgevlaEdlRBHefr³TaMg 2 eFVIbdisNæar³

KñaehIy k¾)anGgÁúyBt;EPñnenAkñ úgTIminq¶ay . RBHFmµesnabtIeFV I

bdisNæar³CamYyRBHervt³ehIy eRkakcakGasn³ cUleTArksa-

meNrTaMgenaH . sameNrTaMgenaH kalRBHefr³cUleTArk k¾eRkak

eLIgPøam fVaybgÁMehIyQr eRBaH)ankMNt;evlaTukdUecñaH . RBH

efr³sYrfa {BYkGñkenAedayFm’CaeRKÓgenAdUcemþc} kalsameNr

TaMgenaHeqøIyfa {edayFm’CaeRKÓgenAeQµaHenH²} eTIbsresIrRBH

efr³fa {RBHefr³EdlCab¥ÚnRbúsrbs;eyIg ENnaMekµgEbbenH)an

eQµaHfa cUldl;Fm’smKYrdl;Fm’ehIyhñ+} ehIyecosecjeTA .

cb;Gdækfa xTirvniyervtetßrKafaTI 2

3


Gdðkza sumg<lezrKazaTI 3

[44] simutþ ieka sumutþ ieka sahu

sumutþ iekamð i tIhi xuC¢ekhi

Gsitasu mya ngÁlasu

mya xuTÞkuTÞalasu mya

yTibi \Femv \Femv

Gf vabi Glemv Glemv

Qay sumgÁl Qay sumgÁl

Gb,metþa vihr sumgÁlati .

GjrYcRsLHehIy putRsLHehIy edayRbéB Gj

rbUtRsLHehIy cakGakarKm 3 y:ag KW kalGj

kan;keNþóv 1 kalGjkan;ngÁ ½l 1 kalGjkan;

cbtUc 1 eTaHkargar ¬mankarkan;keNþóvCaedImenaH¦

kñúgTIenH² k¾eday b¤k¾kargar ¬mankarkan;keNþóvCaedIm¦

lµmehIy KYrehIy EnsumgÁl GñkcUrrMBwg ¬ dl;

-423- Gdækfa Ékni)t vKÁTI 5 sumgÁlefrKafaTI 3

smaFicuH ¦ EnsumgÁl GñkcUrrMBwgcuH EnsumgÁl

GñkcUrCaGñkku MRbmaT .

RBHsumgÁletßr .

Kafarbs;RBHsumgÁletßr epþImfa eyIgrYcputl¥ehIy . erOg

ekIteLIgdUcemþc?

RBHefr³GgÁenaH k¾CaGñkmanGFikareFVITukehIykñúgRBHBuT§GgÁ

mun² snSMbuNüEdlCa]bnisS½yénRBHniBVanTukkñ úgPBenaH² kñúg

kalrbs;RBHmanRBHPaKRBHnamfa siT§tß³ ekItCarukçeTvta . kñúg

éf¶mYy eKeXIjRBHsasþaRsg;TwkehIy RTRTg;cIvrmYypÞaMg RTg;

Rbfab;Qr k¾mancitþesamnsS eTIbTHéd ¬THédRbNmü¦ .

edaybuBaØkmµenaH eKRtac;eTAkñ úgeTvta nigmnusSTaMgLay

kñúgBuT§b,aTkalenH ekItkñúgRtkUlCnTuK’t kñúgRsúkmYyminq¶ayGMBI

RkúgsavtßI edayplénkmµEdl[pldUecñaH )annamfa sumgÁl³ .

eKceRmInv½yehIy mankeNþóv manngÁ½l mancb EdlCasm,tþi

rbs;buKÁlKm CaeRKÓgéd ciBa© wmCIvitedayksikmµ .


éf¶mYy kalRBH)aTbesnTiekaslbMeBjmhaTan EtfVay

cMeBaHRBHmanRBHPaK nigRBHPikçúsgÇ eKkan;qñaMgTwkedaHCUrmkCamYy

mnusSeRcInnak; Edlkan;eTyüTan eXIjskáar³ nigkarrab;Gan

rbs;PikçúTaMgLayehIy Kitfa {BYksmN³skübuRtTaMgenH esøók

dNþb;sMBt;sac;m:dæ qan;ePaCnl¥ enAkñ úgTIesnasn³EdlbiTCit

ebIdUecñaH eyIgKYrbYs} eTIbcUleTArkRBHefr³mYyrUb R)ab;[RCabfa

R)afñanwgbBVC¢a . RBHefr³GaNiteK k¾[bYs ehIyR)ab;kmµdæan .

elakenAkñ úgéRB enOyNaykñúgkarenAmñak;Ég CaGñkGpSúk

bMNgnwgswk eTIbeTAkan;pÞHjati kñ úgrvagpø Úv eXIjGñkERsesøók

knÞbP¢ÜrERs dNþb;sMBt;esAhµg ragkayeBjeTAedaypg;FUlI RtÚv

xül; nigkemþAéf¶ ¬dutehIy¦ RtLb;)anesckþIsegVKfa {stVTaMg

enH)anTTYlTukçCaeRcIn eRBaHehtuénkarciBa© wmCIvit} . eRBaHjaN

cas;køa kmµdæanEdlelakeronmkeTIbR)akdeLIg . elakcUleTA

eRkamKl;eQImYyedIm )annUvesckþIs¶at; eFVITukkñúgcitþeday])ay

ceRmInvibsSnaehIy k¾)anseRmcRBHGrhtþtamlMdab;mKÁ .



RBHCinvrRBHnamfa GtßTsSI eCdæbursrbs;

elak GñkGg;GacCagnrCn esþcecjcakRBHvihar

ehIy esþccUleTACitRsHTwk .

RBHmanRBHPaKsmµasm<úT § RTg;eRsacRsB

nigesay ¬Twk¦ ehIy esþceLIg RTg;dNþb;cIvr

mYypÞa MgeqogRBHGgSa Rbfab;QrRkeLkemIlTis

tUcTisFMenARtg;TIenaH .

kñúgRKaenaH eyIgcUleTAkñúgTIenaH )aneXIj

RBHmanRBHPaK RTg;CaGñknaMrbs;elak eyIgman

citþr IkrayesamnsS )anTHéd .

eyIgRbkbedaykarraM kareRcog nigt®nþIman

GgÁ 5 fVayRBHGgÁ GñkrugerOgdUcRBHGaTitü PøWRcal

dUcmas .

1¦ GbTan ¬bidkelx 73 TMB½r 16¦ Ca RBHsumgÁletßr Edr .


eyIgcUldl;kMeNItNa² KW CaeTvta b¤

mnusSkþI kñúgkMeNItenaH² eyIgCaFMelIstVTaMgBYg

ysd¾FMrEmgmandl;eyIg .

sUmnmsáardl;RBHGgÁCabursGaCaenyü sUm

nmsáardl;RBHGgÁCa]tþmburs RBHGgÁCamunI RTg;

júa MgRBHGgÁ[eRtkGrehIy nigRTg;júa MgGñkdéT[

eRtkGreTotpg .

eyIgkMNt;citþ GgÁúycuH eFVIesckþIr Ikray

manvtþd¾l¥ TMnukbMr ugRBHsmµasm<úT §ehIy cUldl;

Can;tusit .

kñúgkb,TI 1>600 GMBIPTÞkb,enH eyIg)an

CaesþccRkBtþi 18 dg manRBHnamdUcKñafa cinþit³

bribUN’edayEkv 7 Rbkar manBlanuPaBeRcIn .




bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa sumutþieka ¬eyIgputl¥ehIy¦ esckþI

fa eQµaHfa putl¥ehIy eRBaHrYcputl¥ KW minRtÚvekIteTot eRBaH

eFV ITIbMput)anehIy . k¾RBHefr³kalTHéddl;karrYcputEdlKYrsr-

esIr nigKYrGs©arürbs;elak eTIbeBalfa eyIgputl¥ehIy . kal

nwgsEmþgfa elakRCHføakñúgvimutþienaH[maMTaMeTot eTIbeBalfa eyIg

CaGñkrYcputl¥ehIy GFib,ayfa {saFu eyIgputRsLHl¥ehIy

hñ+} . sYrfa k¾RBHefr³enHCaGñkputRsLHl¥ehIyBIGV I? eqø Iyfa

sUm,IRBHefr³enHrYcputl¥ehIycakvdþTukçTaMgBYgk¾Bit Etkalelak

nwgsEmþgdl;Tukç EdlR)akdmkGMBImunehIyrbs;xøÜn EdlCaTukçmin

KYrR)afñad¾éRkElg eTIbeBalBaküCaedImfa cakkarmanxñgKm 3

krNI .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa xuC¢ekhi ¬cakkarmanxñgKm¦ esckþI

fa caksPaBKm b¤cakGakarKm . bTfa xuC¢ekhi enaH CabBa©-

mIviPtþ i RbkbcUlCamYysBÞfa mutþ ¬r Ycput¦ . eBalfa GñkERs

sUm,IminEmnCamnusSKm k¾RtÚveFVIxø ÜnCamnusSKm kñúg 3 krNI KW


kñúgkarRcÚt kñ úgkarP¢ Ür nigkñúgkarCIk . k¾ÉGñkERsNaeFV IkarRcÚt

CaedIm GakarmankarRcÚtCaedImenaH rbs;GñkERsenaH k¾eQµaHfa

KmedayGakar»n eRBaHdUecñaH eTIbelakeBalfa cakGakarmanxñg

Km 3 krNI .

\LÚvenH RBHefr³kalnwgsEmþgTukçTaMgenaHedaysrub eTIb

eBalfa Gsitasu mya ngÁlasu mya xuTÞkuTÞalasu mya ¬eyIg

putehIycakkarRcÚtRsÚv cakkarP¢ÜrERs nigcakCRmHesµA¦ .

bTfa Gsitasu mya kñúgKafaenaH manesckþIfa eyIgput

ehIycakkeNþóvTaMgLay . bTfa Gsitasu enH CastþmIviPtþ i

cuHkñúgGtßénbBa©mIviPtþi . sUm,IkñúgBaküd¾essk¾mann½yenHdUcKña .

cMENkGacarüBYkxøHeBalfa {bTfa Gsitasu mya esckþI

fa EdleyIgdl;ehIynUvPaBCamnusSKm eRBaHkeNþóvTaMgLay

KW mankeNþóvCaehtu} . tammtirbs;ekciGacarüTaMgenaH bTfa

Gsitasu CastþmIviPtþ i cuHkñúgGtßénkrN³ b¤kñúgehtu .

Baküfa ngÁlasu elakeBalTukedayeFV ICaligÁvibløas .


GFib,ayfa eRBaHngÁ½lTaMgLayEdlsMxan; . elakeBalfa xuTÞ-

kuTÞalasu eRBaHcbEdlxøÜneRbIR)as;Carbs;tUcedaysPav³ b¤eRBaH

kareRbIR)as; ¬rhUtdl;swkrilenAtUc¦ . )alIfa kuNækuTÞalasu

k¾man . GFib,ayfa cbmankarswkrileTAedaykareRbIR)as;enaH

Ég .

m GkSr kñ úgbTfa \Femv enH eFVIkarP¢ab;bT . va sBÞ

kñ úgbTfa Gf vabi RtwmEtCani)at . GFib,ayfa sUm,IkeNþóv

CaedImTaMgenaH nwgenAkñ úgTIenHÉg KW kñ úgTICiteyIgenHÉgk¾Bit Et

k¾minsmKYrdl;eyIgeLIy . k¾bTfa Glemv Glemv enHCaBakü

eBaldEdl² edayGMNackarRbjab;Rbjal; .

bTfa Qay ¬ceRmInQaneTAcuH¦ esckþIfa cUrceRmInQan

edayGMNacénQanEdlsm,yutþedayplsmabtþi nigedayGMNac

énTiBVviharQanCaedIm edIm,IenACasuxkñ úgbc©úb,nñ .

RBHefr³ehAxø ÜnÉgfa sumgÁl³ . nigedIm,IsEmþgkareGIeBI

kñ úgQan elakeTIbeBaldEdl² ¬2 dg¦ .


bTfa Gb,metþa vihr ¬cUrCaGñkminRbmaTcuH¦ esckþIfa Gñk

cUrCaGñkminRbmaTkñ úgTITaMgBYgcuH edIm,I[)anesckþIbribUN’énsti

nigbBaØa sumgÁl³ \LÚvenHGñkcUrenACasuxcuH .

cMENkGacarüBYkxøHeBalfa kalenAminTan;)anluHRBHGrhtþ

vibsSnaCadMeNIreTAtamlMnaMpø Úv RBHefr³regáóskñúgesckþITukçrbs;

XravasEdlRbsBVmkehIy eTIbeBalKafaenH edIm,I[ekItenA

esckþIeRtkGrkñ úgRBHsasna CaxageRkay ceRmInvibsSnaehIy

eTIb)anseRmcRBHGrhtþ . tammtirbs;ekciGacarüTaMgenaH esckþI

énRbkarfa ceRmInQaneTAcuH>>> GñkcUrCaGñkminRbmaTcuH rEmg

RtÚvedayBit sUm,IedayGMNacénmKÁkñ úgvibsSna .

cb;Gdækfa sumgÁletßrKafaTI 3

3

-431- Gdækfa Ékni)t vKÁTI 5 sanuefrKafaTI 4

Gdðkza sanuezrKazaTI 4

[45] mtM va Gmµ eraTnþ i eya va CIv M n TisSti

Civnþ M mM Gmµ TisSnþ i ksµa mM Gmµ eraTsIti .

bBiRtmata BYkjatiEtgyMrkbuKÁlEdlsøab;ehIy

b¤buKÁlEdlrs;enA Etmin)anCYbRbTH bBiRtmata

BYkjatieXIj GatµakMBugrs;enA bBiRtmata eRBaH

ehtuGVI eTIbGñkmatayMrkGatµa .

RBHsanuefr³ .

Kafarbs;RBHsanuefr³ manBaküepþImfa ejamEm: CnTaMgLay

EtgyMrkbuKÁlEdlsøab;ehIy .

RBHefr³GgÁenaH k¾manGFikareFV IT ukehIykñúgRBHBuT§GgÁmun²

snSMbuNüEdlCa]bnisS½yénRBHniBVanTukkñúgPBenaH² kñúgkb,TI 94

GMBIPTÞkb,enH eKbeg¥anfVayTwkedIm,IlagRBHhsþ lagRBH)aT nig

edIm,Ix< úrRBH»sæ dl;RBHmanRBHPaKRBHnamfa siTßtß³ . kñúgevla

nwgesay RBHsasþamanRBHbMNgnwgRTg;lagRBHhsþ niglagRBH


)aT . eKFøab;kMNt;Gakarrbs;RBHsasþa eTIbnaMTwkcUleTAfVay .

RBHmanRBHPaKRTg;lagRBHhsþ nigRBH)aT RTg;esayehIy )anman

RBHbMNgnwgx<úrRBH»sæ . eKdwgRBHGakarenaH eTIbbeg¥anfVayTwk

lagRBH»dæ RBHsasþaRTg;x<úrRBH»sæehIy cb;RBHkic©énkarCRmHRBH

»sæ . RBHmanRBHPaKRTg;GaRs½yesckþIGnueRKaH eTIbTTYlkic©

EdleKeFVIedayeGIeBI sBVRKb;edayGakary:agenH .

edaybuBaØkmµenaH eKeTAekItkñ úgeTvelak eFV IbuNüt² mk

ehIyRtac;rgÁat;eTAkñ úgeTvta nigmnusSTaMgLay kñúgBuT§b,aTkal

enH )anbdisn§ikñ úgpÞHrbs;])askmñak; kñ úgRkúgsavtß I kaleKenA

kñ úgépÞmataenaHÉg bita)ancakecjeTAenATIdéT lµmRKb; 10 Ex

])asikak¾RbsUtbutþ dak;eQµaHeKfa sanu .

kalsanuFMFat;eLIgedaylMdab; ])asikak¾cat;Ecg[eKEdl

manGayu)an 7 xYbb:ueNÑaH bBVC¢akñúgsmñak;rbs;PikçúTaMgLay eday

Kitfa edayviFIenH sanuenH nwgCaGñkminmanGnþray ceRmInFMFat;

manesckþIsuxEtmü:ag . eKmannamR)akdfa sanusameNr CaGñk


manbBaØa sm,Úredayvtþ CaBhusSÚt CaRBHFmµkfik CaGñkman

GFüaRs½yRbkbedayemtþakñ úgstVTaMgLay )anCaTIRsLaj; CaTI

eBjcitþrbs;eTvta nigmnusSTaMgLay . erOgTaMgGs;enH Kb,I

RCab ¬y:agBisþar¦ edayn½yEdlmkehIykñúgsanusURtenaHÉg .

matakñúgGtItkalrbs;sanusameNrenaHekItCaykS . ykS

TaMgLayeTIbeKarBekatERkgy:ageRcIn rab;GannagCamatarbs;RBH

sanuefr³ . kalebIevlaknøgeTAy:agenH éf¶mYy sanusameNr

ekItkarKitR)afñanwgswk CaGñkmancitþraymay eRBaHminmaneya-

niesamnsikar dUcebIk[RCabeTasrbs;PaBCabufuC¢n . ykçin I

Føab;Camatarbs;sanusameNrdwgehtuenaH eTIbR)ab;dl;mataEdl

CamnusSfa sanusameNrEdlbutþrbs;nag ekItkarKitnwgswk .

eRBaHdUecñaH nagcUrR)ab;y:agenHfa

nagcUrR)ab;sanusameNrGñkPJak;eLIgfa ykS

bBa¢ÚnBaküenHTukfa ku MeFV Ikmµd¾lamk TaMgkñ úgTIval

nigTIkM)a Mg ebIelaknwgeFVI b¤kMBugeFV In Uvkmµd ¾lamk


esat sUm,IelaknwgehaHeKceTA k¾minrYcputcakTukç

dUecñH .

k¾É kaleBaly:agenHehIy ykçinIEdlCamatak¾GnþrFaneTA

kñúgTIenaHÉg . cMENkmataEdlCamnusSsþab;BaküenaHehIy dl;

nUvPaBbrieTvnakar nigesckþIesakesA CaGñkmancitþeBjeTAeday

esckþIT ukç .

kñúgevlaRBwk sanusameNresøókdNþb;ehIy kan;)aRt nig

cIvrcUleTAkan;smñak;rbs;mata eXIjmatayM eTIbeBalfa {ejam

Em: ejamEm: yMeRBaHehtuGV I} nigkalmataeqøIyfa eRBaHkUnenaHÉg

eTIb)aneBalKafadl;matafa

ejamEm: CnTaMgLaynaMKñayMdl;mnusSEdl

søab;ehIy b¤dl;mnusSEdlenAmanCIv it Etmin)an

CYb cMENkénAmanCIv it TaMgenAeXIjKña ehtuGV I

ejamEm:eTIbyMdl;´hñ+ ejamEm: .¬1¦

1¦ kñúgGdækfaFmµbTtMNalfa nagykçEdlFøab;CamatacUlsßit eBldwgxøÜnmk eXIjmatayM ¬eRBaHyl;fasøab;¦ eTIbsYrmatatamesckþIenH .


KafaenaHmanesckþIdUecñH ejamEm: Fmµtajati b¤miRtGñkyM

rEmgyM[dl;jati b¤mitþrbs;xøÜnEdlsøab;eTAehIy eRBaHlHelak

enH eTAkan;brelakehIy mü:ageTot jatikþI mitþkþ I CnNaenAman

CIvit minR)akdxø Ün eRBaHedIrpø ÚveTAkan;TIdéT eTIbyM[dl;jati b¤

mitþenaH ehtusUm,ITaMg 2 y:agenHminmankñ úg´ ebIdUecñaH ejam

Em:eXIjénAmanCIvit enAQrcMeBaHmux nwgyMeTAeFV IGV IejamEm: KW

karEdlEm:yMdl;´ minEmnehtu ¬EdlKYr¦ eLIy .

matarbs;sanusameNrsþab;BaküenaHehIy kalnwgsEmþg

fa karswkcat;CamrN³kñúgvin½yrbs;RBHGriy³ edayeFVITMngén

sutbTEdleBalfa {mñalPikçúTaMgLay k¾PikçúNalasikça vilmk

edIm,IPaBCamnusSefakTab enaHÉgCamrN³rbs;Gñk} eTIb)aneBal

Kafa 2 Kafafa

kUneGIy jati nigmitþTa MgLayrEmgyMrk

GñkEdlsøab;ehIy b¤enAmanCIv it EtmineXIj Et

buKÁlNalHkamTaMgLayehIy nwgRtLb;mkrkkam


eTot

kUnCaTIRsLaj; jati nigmitþTaMgLayrEmg

yMrkbuKÁlenaH eRBaHeKmanCIv itrs;enAEmn k¾dUc

Casøab;ehIy EnkUn eyIgelIkkUneLIgGMBIepHEdl

ekþAehIy kUnenAR)afñaFøak;eTAkñúgepHekþAeTotb¤ .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa kaem cCitVan ¬lHkamTaMgLay

ehIy¦ esckþIfa lHvtß úkamTaMgLay edaymanGFüaRs½ybeg¥an

eTAkñ úgenkçmµ³ k¾karlHvtßúkamenaH Kb,IRCabedayGMNacénkarlH

kielskam edaytTgÁb,han . k¾kñúgTIenH karlHkam sMedAdl;

bBVC¢a .

bTfa bunraKcäet \F ¬nwgRtLb;mkrkkameTot¦ esckþIfa

RtLb;mkkñúgpÞHenHeTotenaHÉg . elakeBalsMedAdl;karvilmk

edIm,IPaBCahInePT . bTfa tM vabi ¬buKÁlenaH¦ esckþIfa buKÁl

NabYsehIyswk BYkeyIgrEmgyMdl;buKÁlenaHÉg EdldUcCasøab;

ehIy . ebImanBaküsYrfa eRBaHehtuGV I? eqø Iyfa eRBaHsUm,IeK


enAmanCIvitrs;enAteTA k¾dUcCamnusSsøab;ehIy KW CnNaeRkay

GMBIswkeTAehIy enAmanCIvit buKÁlenaHeQµaHfa søab;ehIycak

RbeyaCn_enaHÉg eRBaHsøab;cakKuNFm’ . \LÚvenH edIm,Inwg[

sanusameNrenaHekItesckþIsegVKéRkElgeLIg mataeTIbeBalBakü

fa eyIgelIkkUneLIgGMBIepHekþA CaedIm .

Gtßrbs;KafaenaH KW Pav³rbs;RKhsß eQµaHfa dUcepHekþA

eRBaHRsedognwgnrkeQµaHfa kukáúL³ edayGtßfa dut eRBaHdUcRtÚv

ePø IgdutTaMgéf¶ TaMgyb; EdleyIgCaGñkmanesckþIGnueRKaH elIk

eLIgehIy KW TajeLIgehIy sanukUn kUnenAR)afñaFøak;eTAkan;

epHekþA KW bMNgnwgFøak;eTAkan;reNþAepHekþAeTotb¤ .

sanusameNrsþab;BaküenaHehIy ekItesckþIsegVK epþ Im

vibsSna seRmcRBHGrhtþkñ úgevlaminyUr .


eyIgeXIjRBHsmN³GñkpUrpg; minkkrl¥k;

1¦ GbTan ¬bidkelx 73 TMB½r 141¦ Ca RBH]TkTayketßr .


kMBugesay eTIb)anykk¥mdak;TwkfVaycMeBaHRBH-

manRBHPaKRBHnamfa siT§tß³ .

éf¶enHeyIgCaGñkminesAhµg R)ascakmnÞil

Gs;esckþIsgS½y plrEmgekItdl;eyIgkñúgPBEdl

ekIt .


Twkkñ úgRKaenaH edaykarfVayTwkenaH eyIgminEdl

sÁal;TuKÁtieLIy enHCaplénkarfVayTwk .


cRkBtþimYyGgÁ RBHnamfa viml³ RTg;bribUN’eday

Ekv 7 Rbkar manBlanuPaBeRcIn .



RBHefr³kalseRmcRBHGrhtþehIy Kitfa {karepþ ImceRmIn

vibsSna nigkarseRmcRBHGrhtþ ekItdl;eyIg edayGMNacénKafa


enH} eTIbelIkKafaenaHÉgeLIgCaKafa]Tan .

cb;Gdækfa sanusameNrKafaTI 4

3


Gdðkza rmNIyvihariezrKazaTI 5

[46] yfabi PeTÞa GaCeBaØa xlitVa btitid æti

ÉvM TsSnsm,nñM smµasm<úT §savknþ i .

eKa GaCaenyüd¾RbesIr eTaHbIPøat; rEmgQrs‘b;

vij)an y:agNa ¬GñkTaMgLaycUrcMNaM´¦ faCa

savkrbs;RBHsmµasm<úT § EdlbribUN’edayTsSn-

sm,tþi ¬RKb;RKan;edaykareXIj¦ k¾y:agenaHEdr .

RBHrmNIyvihariefr³ .

Kafarbs;RBHrmNIyviharietßr manBaküepþImfa eKaGaCaenyü

d¾ceRmIn . erOgekIteLIgdUcemþc?

RBHefr³GgÁenaH k¾CaGñkmanGFikar)aneFVITukehIykñúgRBHBuT§

GgÁmun² snSMbuNüCaeRcInTukkñ úgPBenaH² kñúgkb,TI 91 rab;GMBI

PTÞkb,enH eXIjRBHmanRBHPaKRBHnamfa vibsSI k¾mancitþRCHføa

eTIbfVaybgÁMedaybBa©gÁRbtisßan ehIyeFVIkarbUCaedaypáasirman; .

edaybuBaØkmµenaH eKeTAekItkñúgeTvelak eFVIbuNüerOy² )anRtac;-

-441- Gdækfa Ékni)t vKÁTI 5 rmNIyvihariefrKafaTI 5

rgÁat;eTAkñúgeTvta nigmnusSTaMgLay kñúgBuT§b,aTkalenH mkekIt

Cabutþrbs;esdæImñak; kñ úgRkúgsavtß I dl;PaBCab;CMBak;kñ úgkamKuN

eRBaHRsvwgkñúgPaBCakemøaH .

éf¶mYy eKeXIjbursmñak; Cashaysµn;nwgRbBn§GñkdéT RtÚv

dak;eTasedaykmµviFIeRcIny:ag ekItesckþItk;søút sþab;Fm’kñúgsmñak;

rbs;RBHsasþaehIyecjbYs sUm,IbYsehIy eRBaHPaBCaGñkman

raK³crit eTIbe)assm¥atbrievNy:ags¥at taMgTwkqan; TwkeRbITuk

y:agl¥ erobcMERKtaMgy:agerobry . eRBaHehtuenaH elakeTIbman

namR)akdfa {rmNIyviharI} .

eRBaHCaGñkeRcIneTAedayraK³ elakeTIbeFVIkic©karminKYremIl

RtÚvGabtþi eRBaHtaMgcitþeFVITwksuká³[Xøat manvib,disar³fa {Gatµa

GjKYrtiHedolBithñ+ eyIgCay:agenH enAbriePaKGaharEdleKfVay

edaysT§aeTot} eTIbedIreTAedayKitfa nwgswk GgÁúysRmakeRkam

edImeQIkñúgrvagpøÚv . k¾kalBYkGñkreTHedIrkat;tampø ÚvenaHeTA eKa

EdleKTwmreTHmYyk,alht;enOy k¾rGilFøak;eTAkñúgpø ÚvEdlminrab


esµI m©as;reTHeTIbedaHvaecjGMBInwm [esµA [Twk lµm)at;ht;

enOyehIy k¾dwkeKacUlnwmvij edIrpøÚvteTA . RBHefr³eXIjdUecñaH

k¾Kitfa {eKaenHsUm,IPøat;xuspøÚvehIy Kg;eRkakeLIgTwm)aneTot

y:agNa sUm,IeyIgk¾dUecñaH sUm,InwgPøat;eTAmþgehIy edayGMNac

kiels k¾KYrnwgeRkakeLIgbMeBjsmNFm’} dUecñaHehIy ekIteya-

niesamnkar RtLb;eTAR)ab;erOgrbs;xøÜn[RBH])alietßr³RCab ecj

cakGabtþitamviFIEdlRBH])alIENnaM eFVIsIl[brisuT§dUcedIm ceRmIn

vibsSna seRmcRBHGrhtþkñ úgevlaminyUr .


eyIg)aneXIjsñamRBH)aT EdlRbdab;eday

eRKÓgGlgáar KW cRk EdlRBHmanRBHPaKRBHnam

favibsSI GñkEsVgrkKuNd¾FM RTg;Can;Tuk eTIbedIr

tamsñamRBH)aTeTA .

eyIg)aneXIjedImsirman; manpáarIk eTIbdk

1¦ GbTan ¬bidkelx 73 TMB½r 143¦ Ca RBHekarNÐbuböiyetßr . bidkCa páaesµAknÞúydMrI .


ykmkbUCaRBmTaMgbJs eyIgrIkray mancitþesa-

mnsS )anfVaybgÁMsñamRBH)aTd¾]tþm .


sñamRBHBuT§)aTedaypáaeQINa edaykarbUCaenaH

eyIgminEdlsÁal;TuKÁtieLIy enHCaplénBuT§bUCa .

kñúgkb,TI 57 eyIg)anCaesþccRkBtþimYy

GgÁRBHnamfa vItml³ RTg;bribUN’edayEkv 7 Rbkar

manBlanuPaBeRcIn .



RBHefr³kalseRmcRBHGrhtþehIy esaynUvvimutþ isux )an

eBalKafa EdlsEmþgdl;karseRmcGriyFm’ RBmTaMgvtþbdibtþ i

CaxagedImrbs;xø Ünfa

eKaGaCaenyüd¾ceRmIn Pøat;ehIy RtLb;eRkak

eLIgQrCafµI)an y:agNa GñkTaMgLaycUrcaMeyIg


Tukfa Casavkrbs;RBHsmµasm<úT§ Edlsm,Úreday

TsSn dUecñaHcuH .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa xlitVa ¬Pøat;ehIy¦ )andl; PøaMg

Pøat;ehIy . bTfa btitidæti ¬RtLb;eRkakeLIgQrCafµI)an¦ )an

dl; RtLb;eRkakeLIgtaMgCMhr)an KW RtLb;QrdUcedImeTot)an .

bTfa ÉvM ¬dUecñaH¦ esckþIfa eKaGaCaenyüd¾ceRmIn naMPar³

eTAputTIEdlmanGnþray rGilPøat;eTAmþgmáal eRBaHEpndIminrabesµI

k¾minrlas;nwmecaleRBaHehtuenaH sUm,InwgPøat;eTA k¾RtLb;eRkak

eLIgTb;xø Ün)an eRBaHsm,ÚredaykmøaMg PaBrh½srhYn nigesckþI

Büayam Qr)anedaysPaBrbs;xø ÜnenaHÉg ehIynaMPar³eTA)an

y:agNa Pikç úEdlRbsBVesckþIlM)akeRBaHkielsk¾dUecñaH elak

TaMgLaycUrcaM KW TTYlcMeBaH´fa eQµaHfa sm,ÚredayTsSn³

eRBaHsUm,InwgPøat;eTA eRBaHkMhus R)ascakkareFVI k¾enAeFVIkarPøaMg

Pøat;enaH[RtLb;brisuT§dUcedIm eRBaHsm,ÚredaykmøaMg nigesckþI

Büayam edaysmµaTidæ ikñ úgmKÁ . tBIenaH eTIbeQµaHfa Casavk


rbs;RBHsmµasm<úT § eRBaHekItehIyedayGriyCati eRkayGMBIkar

sþab; ¬Fm’¦ eQµaHfa Cabutþ EdlekItGMBIRTÚg eRBaHCaGPiCatbutþ

EdlekItedayesckþIBüayam kñúgRBH]r³rbs;RBHsmµasm<úT§GgÁenaH

nigeQµaHfa CaGaCaenyü eRBaHeFVInaTIRsedognwgeKaGaCaenyüd¾

ceRmIn .

cb;Gdækfa rmNIyviharietßrKafaTI 5

3


Gdðkza smiTÆiezrKazaTI 6

[47] sT§a yahM bBVCieta GKarsµa GnKariyM

sti bBaØa c em vuDÆa citþBa© susmahitM

kamM krsSú rU)ani env mM BüaFyisSsIti .

GatµaecjcakpÞHcUlkan;pñ Üs bYsedaysT§a sti

nigbBaØa rbs;ćeRmInehIy TaMgcitþk¾´tmál;Tuk

RbéBehIy ¬Enmarcitþ)ab¦ GñkcUreFV IGMeBId¾KYrtam R)afñacuH GñknwgebotebonGatµamin)aneT .

Kafarbs;RBHsmiT§ ietßr manBaküepþ Imfa eyIgecjcakpÞH

bYsCabBVCit . erOgekIteLIgdUcemþc?

sUm,IRBHefr³enH k¾manGFikar)aneFV IT ukehIykñúgRBHBuT§GgÁ

mun² snSMbuNüCaeRcInTukkñúgPBenaH² kñúgkb,TI 94 GMBIPTÞkb,

enH eXIjRBHmanRBHPaKRBHnamfa siT§tß³ k¾mancitþRCHføa kan;yk

páaRBmTaMgTg cgCa)ac;bUCa .

edaybuBaØkmµenaH eKekItkñúgeTvelak eFV IbuNüt² mk )an

-447- Gdækfa Ékni)t vKÁTI 5 smiT§ iefrKafaTI 6

Rtac;rgÁat;EtkñúgsuKtiPBb:ueNÑaH kñúgBuT§b,aTkalenH mkekItkñúgpÞH

manRtkUlmYy kñúgRkúgraCRKwH . taMgBIeKekItehIy RtkUlenaHk¾

ceRmInsþúksþmÖ edayRTBü nigRsÚvCaedIm ÉrUbragrbs;eKk¾Rss;

s¥at KYremIl manKuNsm,tþi . eRBaHdUecñaH eKeTIbmannamR)akd

fa {smiT§i} eRBaHceRmInrugerOgedayRTBüsm,tþi nigsm,ÚredayKuN-

sm,tþi .

eKeXIjBuT§anuPaBkñúgsmaKmrbs;RBH)aTBim< isar ekItsT§a

eTIbecjbYs BüayamxVl;xVaykñúgPavna kalRBHmanRBHPaKRbfab;

enAkñ úgte)aTaram éf¶mYyelakKity:agenHfa {CalaPehIyhñ+ RBH

sasþarbs;eyIgCaRBHGrhnþsmµasm<úT§ ÉeyIgk¾bYskñúgRBHFmµvin½y

EdlRBHGgÁRtas;l¥ehIy TaMgmitþRBhµcarIrbs;GatµaGj k¾CaGñk

mansIl manklüaNFm’} kalelakKity:agenHehIy k¾ekItbIti

esamnsSCaxøaMg . marmancitþ)ab mineBjcitþ eTIbbeBa©jsemøg

ERskyMxøaMg² KYr[xøac kñúgTIminq¶ayBIRBHefr³ hak;dUcCaEpndICit

nwgRkLab; . RBHefr³eTIbRkabTUlesckþIenaHdl;RBHmanRBHPaKehIy .


RBHmanRBHPaKRtas;fa {marmancitþbMPan;EPñkGñk eTAcuHPikçú

GñkminRtÚvKitkñ úgesckþIenaH cUreTAcuH} . RBHefr³eTAenAkñ úgTIenaH

xVl;xVaykñúgvibsSna )anseRmcRBHGrhtþkñ úgevlaminyUr .


eyIg)aneXIjRBHmanRBHPaK RTg;RBHnamfa

siT§tß³ RTg;CasarfITUnµannrCn rugerOgdUcpáakNikar

Rbfab;Kg;kñ úgcenøaHPñ M júa MgTisTaMgBYg[PøWsVag .

kñúgRKaenaH eyIgykkUnsrpÞb;ExSehIy )aj;

eTApþac;páaRBmTaMgTg naMeTAbUCaRBHBuT§ .


RBHBuT§edaypáaeQINa eRBaHkarbUCaenaH eyIgmin

EdlsÁal;TuKÁtieLIy enHCaplénBuT §bUCa .


esþccRkBtþimYyGgÁ RTg;RBHnamfa CutinFr³ RTg;

1¦ GbTan ¬bidkelx 73 TMB½r 142¦ Ca RBHslLmaliyetßr .


bribUN’edayEkv 7 Rbkar manBlanuPaBeRcIn .



cMENkmarmindwgfa RBHefr³enAkñúgTIenaH seRmcRBHGrhtþ

CaRBHxINaRsBehIy eTIbbeBa©gsMeLgERskxøaMg² KYrxøac eday

n½ymunenaHÉg . RBHefr³sþab;sMeLgenaHehIy minxøac mintk;søút

eBalfa {mardUcCaGñkTaMgry TaMgBan; k¾mineFVIRtwmEteramrbs;eyIg

[jab;j½r)an} kalnwgBüakrN_RBHGrhtþpl )anPasitKafaenHfa

eyIgecjcakpÞHbYsCabBVCit edaysT§a

mansti nigbBaØaEdlceRmIn mancitþtaMgmaMl¥ehIy

mareGIy cUrbNþalrUbepSg² EdlKYrxøac tamcitþ

cuH EtminGaceFV IeyIg[P½yxøac)aneLIy .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa sT§ay ¬edaysT§a¦ esckþIfa eday

kareCOkmµ nigplénkmµ nigedaykareCOkñ úgRBHrtnRt½y Edlman

kareBjcitþkñ úgFm’Casmudæan .


RBHefr³ehAxøÜnÉg edaybTfa GhM ¬eyIg¦ . bTfa bBVCieta

¬CabBVCit¦ esckþIfa cUldl; ¬bBVC¢a¦ . bTfa GKarsµa ¬cakpÞH¦

)andl; ecjcakpÞH b¤ecjcakkarenARKb;RKgpÞH .

bTfa GnKariyM ¬bYs¦ )andl; bBVC¢a . k¾bBVC¢aenaH elak

ehAfa GnKariy³ eRBaHminmanksikmµ nigBaNiC¢kmµCaedIm y:ag

NamYy EdlceRmIndl;karRKb;RKgpÞH EdlehAfa {GKariy³} .

edaybTfa sti bBaØa c em vuDÆa ¬mansti nigbBaØaEdl

ceRmIn¦ enH RBHefr³sEmþgfa cab;taMgGMBIxN³énvibsSna rhUt

dl;RBHGrhtþ tamlMdab;énmKÁ Fm’TaMgenH KW stiEdlmankarrBJk

)anCalkçN³ bBaØaEdlmankardwgTUeTACalkçN³ ceRmInehIy KW

lUtlas;ehIydl;eyIg \LÚvenH nwgmanFm’EdlRtÚvceRmIn k¾min

Emn stibBaØarbs;eyIgdl;nUvPaBbribUN’ehIy .

edaybTfa citþBa© susmahitM ¬mancitþtaMgmaMl¥ehIy¦ enH

RBHefr³sEmþgfa citþrbs;eyIgtaMgmaMl¥ehIy edayGMNacénsma-

btþi 8 nigedayGMNacénelakutþrsmaFi \LÚvenH minmankic©Edl


nwgRtÚveFV IcitþenaH[taMgmaM ¬eRBaH¦ smaFidl;PaBbribUN’ehIy .

bTfa kamM krsSú rU)ani ¬cUrbNþalrUbepSg² EdlKYrxøac¦

esckþIfa mñalmard¾lamkeGIy eRBaHdUecñaH GñkmkeFV IGakarEdl

KYrregáósNamYy beBaäateyIgtameBjcitþ EtGakarEdlKYrregáós

TaMgenaH minGaceFVI[eyIgP½yxøac)aneLIy KW minGaceFVI[eyIg

tk;søút)aneLIy dUcemþcnwgeFV Icitþ[Cay:agdéTeTA)an . RBHefr³

KRmammarfa eRBaHdUecñaH kiriyaenaHnwgmanplRtwmEteFVI[Gñkceg¥ót

cg¥l;citþb:ueNÑaH . marsþab;dUecñaHehIy Kitfa {RBHsmN³dwgeyIg

ehIy eTIbGnþrFankñ úgTIenaHÉg .

cb;Gdækfa smiT§ ietßrKafaTI 6

3


Gdðkza óC¢yezrKazaTI 7

[48] nema et BuT§v Irtßú vib,muetþasi sBVFi

tuyðabTaen vihrM vihrami Gnasevati .

bBiRtRBHBuT§ CavIrbuKÁl ´RBHGgÁ sUmnmsáarRBH

GgÁ RBHGgÁCaGñkrYcRsLH cakkielsTaMgBYg ´ RBHGgÁCaGñkminmanGasv³ EtgRbRBwtþeTAkñ úgsñam

»vaTénRBHGgÁ .

RBH]C¢yefr³ .

Kafarbs;RBH]C¢yetßr epþImfa bBiRtRBHBuT§CaGñkekøóvkøa .


sUm,IRBHefr³enH k¾manGFikar)aneFV IT ukehIykñúgRBHBuT§GgÁ

mun² snSMbuNüCaeRcInTukkñúgPBenaH² kñúgkb,TI 92 GMBIPTÞkb,enH

eXIjRBHmanRBHPaKRBHnamfa tisS³ k¾mancitþRCHføa eFV IkarbUCa

edaypáakNikar . edaybuBaØkmµenaH elakeTAekItkñúgeTvelak eFVI

buNüt² mk Rtac;rgÁat;Etkñ úgeTvta nigmnusSTaMgLay kñúgBuT§-

-453- Gdækfa Ékni)t vKÁTI 5 ]C¢yefrKafaTI 7

b,aTkalenH mkekItCabutþrbs;esatßiyRBahµN_mñak; kñúgRkúgsavtßI

mannamfa ]C¢y³ .

eKceRmInv½yehIy eroncb;éRtevT emIlmineXIjsar³kñ úg

éRtevTenaH Edl]bnisS½ysm,tþidas;etOnehIy eTAkan;vtþevLúv½n

sþab;Fm’kñ úgsmñak;rbs;RBHsasþa ekItsT§a eTIbecjbYs )aneron

kmµdæanEdlsmKYrdl;crit enAkñúgéRB ceRmInvibsSna k¾)anseRmc

RBHGrhtþkñúgkalminyUr .


kñúgRKaenaH eyIgeXIjedImkNikarmanpáar Ik

eTIbebHmkbUCaRBHmanRBHPaK RBHnamfa tisS³ RTg;

qøg»X³)anehIy CabuKÁlnwgFwg .


RBHBuT§ edaypáaeQINa eRBaHkarbUCaenaH eyIgmin

EdlsÁal;TuKÁtieLIy enHCaplénBuT§bUCa .

1¦ GbTan ¬bidkelx 73 TMB½r 136¦ Ca RBHkNikarbubö iyetßr .



cRkBtþi R)akdnamfa GruN)aNI¬1¦ bribUN’eday




luHelakseRmcRBHGrhtþehIy elakcUleTAKal;RBHsasþa

fVaybgÁMehIyKg;kñúgTId¾smKYrmYy kalnwgBüakrN_RBHGrhtþpl

edayGakarsresIrRBHmanRBHPaK )aneBalKafaenHfa

bBiRtRBHBuT§RTg;ekøóvkøa ´RBHGgÁsUmnmsáar

cMeBaHRBHGgÁ RBHGgÁRTg;rYcputehIycakvtß úTaMgBYg

kal´RBHGgÁ enAkñúgRBH»vaTrbs;RBHGgÁ eTIbenA

EbbCaGñkminmanGasv³ .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa nema sEmþgdl;karnmsáar . bTfa

et sEmþgdl;esckþIRbKl;xøÜnedaykiriyanmsáar GFib,ayfa sUm

nmsáarcMeBaHRBHGgÁ .

1¦ )alI Ca GruN)al .

-455- Gdækfa Ékni)t vKÁTI 5 ]C¢yefrKafaTI 7

bTfa BuT§ vIr ¬bBiRtRBHGgÁCaGñkekøóvkøa¦ CaBaküehARBHman-

RBHPaK . GFib,ayfa RBHmanRBHPaK bNÐitehAfa BuT§³ eRBaH

Rtas;dwgedaysBVRKb;nUvGtß manGtßEdlKYrdwgCaedIm edayRBHs-

ymÖÚjaN manjaNEdlKYrdwgCaedIm y:agNa sUm,IEdlbNÐit

ehAfa vIr³ k¾y:agenaHdUcKña eRBaHRTg;RbkbedayesckþIBüayamFM

EdlRTg;epþImedayGMNacénkarjaMjImarTaMg 5 .

bTfa Gtßú esµInwg ehatu ¬cUrman¦ . sm<½n§cUlCamYybTfa

nema .

bTfa vib,muetþasi sBVFi ¬CaGñkrYcputehIycakvtß úTa MgBYg¦

esckþIfa )anCaGñkrYcputehIy KW R)asehIycakkielsTaMgBYg

nigkñ úgsgçarTaMgBYg KW minmanGVIEdlRBHGgÁminTan;rYcputeLIy .

eRBaHehtuEdl´RBHGgÁenAkñúgRBH»vaTrbs;RBHGgÁ eTIbCaGñkminman

Gasv³ GFib,ayfa ´RBHGgÁenAedayvtþbdibtþikñ úgRBHbBa¢a KW kñúg

RBH»vaT )andl; kñúgmKÁEdldl;ehIyrbs;RBHGgÁ bdibtþitamsti

tamkmøaMg eQµaHfa CaGñkminmanGasv³ eRBaHlHGasv³TaMg 4


mankamasv³CaedIm )anGs;ehIy . bBiRtRBHBuT§RTg;CaGñkekøóvkøa

´RBHGgÁsUmnmsáarcMeBaHRBHGgÁCabuKÁly:agenaH .

cb;Gdækfa ]C¢yetßrKafaTI 7

3

-457- Gdækfa Ékni)t vKÁTI 5 sBa¢yefrKafaTI 8

Gdðkza sBa¢yezrKazaTI 8

[49] yeta GhM bBVCieta GKarsµa GnKariyM

naPiCanami sgáb,M GnriyM eTassMhitnþi .

kñúgkalEdlécjcakpÞH cUlkan;pñÜs ´minFøab;dwg

nUvesckþIRtiHriHRbkbedayeTas EdlminEmnCaGri-

yFm’eT .

RBHsBa¢yetßr³ .

Kafarbs;RBHsBa¢yetßr manBaküepþ Imfa taMgEteyIgecj

bYsCabBVCit . erOgekIteLIgdUcemþc?

sUm,Ielak k¾CaGñkmanGFikar)aneFV IT ukehIykñúgRBHBuT§GgÁ

mun² snSMbuNüEdlCa]bnisS½yénRBHniBVanTukkñ úgPBenaH² kñúg

kalénRBHmanRBHd¾PaKRBHnamfa vibsSI )anrYbrYmvtßúEdlrat;ray

x©at;x©ayenAkñúgTIRbCuMFM² eFVIbuNü]TÞisRBHrtnRt½y xøÜnÉgCamnusS

RklM)ak eTIb)anCaGñkxVl;xVaykñúgkarbMeBjbuNürbs;BYkKN³

CaedImTaMgenaH elakcUleTAKal;RBHmanRBHPaKtamkalevla fVay


bgÁMehIy mancitþRCHføa )aneFVIkarxVl;xVaycMeBaHPikçúTaMgLay eday

buBaØkmµenaH elakk¾)aneTAekItkñúgeTvelak eFVIbuNüt² mk Rtac;

rgÁat;eTAEtkñúgsuKtiPBb:ueNÑaH kñúgBuT§b,aTkalenH ekItCabutþrbs;

RBahµN_Gñksm,Úredaysm,tþi kñúgRkúgraCRKwH maneQµaHfa sBa¢y³ .

eKceRmInv½yehIy eXIjRBahµN_Edlmanekrþ×eQµaH manRBhµayu-

RBahµN_ nige)akçrsatiRBahµN_CaedIm RCHføakñ úgRBHsasna eTIb

ekItesckþIRCHføa )ancUleTAKal;RBHsasþa .

RBHsasþaRTg;sEmþgFm’dl;eK eKsþab;Fm’ehIy )anCaRBH

esatabnñ ehIybYskñúgevlatmk . nigkalbBVC¢a lµmdak;kaMbit

ekardl;sIs³b:ueNÑaH k¾)anGPiBaØa 6 .


)anmankarRbCu MF MénRBHmanRBHPaKRBHnamfa

vibsSI eyIg)anCaevyüavc©kr GñkbeRmIkñ úgkic©RKb;

y:ag .

1¦ GbTan ¬bidkelx 72 TMB½r 309¦ Ca RBHevyüvc©ketßr³ .

-459- Gdækfa Ékni)t vKÁTI 5 sBa¢yefrKafaTI 8

k¾eTyüFm’EdlnwgfVaycMeBaHRBHsuKt Gñk

EsVgrkKuNFM rbs;eyIgminman eyIgmancitþRCHføa

)anfVaybgÁMRBH)aTrbs;RBHsasþa .

kñúgkb,TI 91 GMBIPTÞkb,enH eyIg)aneFVIkar

xVl;xVayTukedaykmµenaH eyIgminEdlsÁal;TuKÁti

eLIy enHCaplénkareeFVIkarxVl;xVay .


cRkBtþi RTg;RBHnamfa sucinþ it³ RTg;bribUN’eday




kalseRmcGPiBaØa 6 ehIy kalnwgBüakrN_RBHGrhtþpl

)aneBalKafaenHfa

taMgGMBIeyIgecjbYsCabBVCit eyIgminsÁal;

karRtiHriHEdlminRbesIr EdlRbkbedayeTaseLIy

dUecñH .


bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa yeta GhM bBVCieta ¬taMgGMBI

eyIgecjbYsCabBVCit¦ esckþIfa cab;epþImGMBI KW rab;taMgGMBIeyIg

)anbYsehIy .

GFib,ayfa cab;epþ ImGMBIevlaEdleyIgbYsehIy eyIgmin

EdlsÁal;karRtiHriHEdlminRbesIr EdlRbkbedayeTaseLIy eday

n½yfa eyIgminsÁal;esckþIRtiHriHEdlRbkbedayeTas manraK³

CaedIm tBIenaHÉg eTIbeQµaHfa minRbesIr KW efakTab . mü:ag

eTot eQµaHfa minEmnCarbs;RBHGriy³ eRBaHRBHGriy³TaMgLay

minRbRBwtþ nigeRBaHGñkminEmnCaRBHGriy³RbRBwtþ KW Carbs;lamk

)andl; micäavitká³ mankamvitká³CaedIm Edl)aneQµaHfa sgáb,³

¬esckþIRtiHriH¦ eRBaHRtiHriHdl;KuNEdlminmanBitCaedIm kñúgGarmµN_

EdlxøÜn[ekItehIy dUecñaH esµIKñanwgRBHefr³BüakrN_RBHGrhtþpl

fa eyIgseRmcRBHGrhtþ kñúgevlaEdlcugkaMbitekarRct;sIs³enaH

Ég .

cb;Gdækfa sBa¢yetßrKafaTI 8

3

-461- Gdækfa Ékni)t vKÁTI 5 rameNyükefrKafaTI 9

Gdðkza rameNyükezrKazaTI 9

[50] v i h vi h a Pi n Ti e t si b ,i k a P r u e t hi c

n em tM pnÞti citþ M Éknþ M nirtM hi emti .

citþrbs;énaHminjab;j½r eRBaHsERmkénstVér b¤

eRBaHstVéRBEdlKYrxøaceT eRBaHfa citþrbs;´ man

GarmµN_mUlEtmYy eRtkGrmindac; ¬kñúgRBHniBVan¦ . RBHrameNyüketßr .

Kafarbs;RBHrameNyüketßr epþImfa mñalmard¾lamk citþ

rbs;eyIgenaHrEmgminjab;j½r . erOgekIteLIgdUcemþc?

sUm,IRBHefr³enH k¾CaGñkmanGFikar)aneFVITukehIykñúgRBHBuT§

GgÁmun² snSMbuNüEdlCaeRcInTukkñ úgPBenaH² kñúgkalrbs;RBH

manRBHPaKRBHnamfa sixI ekItkñ úgRtkUlsþúksþmÖmYy kaldwgkþ I

ehIy eXIjRBHmanRBHPaK k¾mancitþRCHføa )aneFVIkarbUCaedaypáa

eQITaMgLay .

edaybuBaØkmµenaH eK)aneTAekItkñúgeTvelak eFVIbuNüt² mk


vilvl;EtkñúgsuKtiPBb:ueNÑaH kñúgBuT§b,aTkalenH ekItkñúgRtkUl

sþúksþmÖmYy kñúgRkúgsavtßI ceRmInv½yehIy CaGñkmanesckþIRCHføa

eTIbecjbYs kñúgRKaEdlRBHmanRBHPaKRTg;TTYlvtþeCtBn eron

kmµdæanEdlsmKYrdl;critehIy k¾eTAenAkñúgéRB elakmaneQµaHfa

rameNyük³ eRBaHelakmanKuNsm,tþismKYrnwgbBVCit nigman

vtþbdibtþ iEdlKYrRCHføa .

éf¶mYy marbMNgnwgeFVI[RBHefr³tk;søút eTIb)aneFV IsMeLg

KYrxøac . RBHefr³sþab;sMeLgenaHehIy mintk;søútedaysMeLg

enaH eRBaHPaBCaGñkmancitþtaMgmaMCaRbRktI dwgc,as;faCamar kal

nwgsEmþgkarmintk;søútkñúgsMeLgenaH )aneBalKafaenHfa

mñalmard¾lamk citþrbs;eyIgenaHminjab;j½r

eRBaHsMeLgénstVcab nigeRBaHsMeLgrbs;stVsVa

TaMgLay eRBaHcitþrbs;eyIgeRtkGréRkElgehIy

kñúgRBHniBVan .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa cihcihaPinTiet¬1¦ ¬eRBaHsMeLg

1¦ bidk = vihvihaPinTiet .


ERskénstVcab¦ esckþIfa eRBaHehtuénsERmkrbs;stVcab Edl

)annamfa cih³ cih³ eRBaHERskehIyerOy² fa cih³ cih³

GFib,ayfa mansMeLgERskCaehtu . bTfa sib,ikaPiruethi c

¬nigeRBaHsMeLgERskrbs;sVaTaMgLay¦ esckþIfa sVamanGakardUc

ekµgEdlsÁmeRBaHeraKTuM maneQµaHmü:ageTotfa stVrBis eRbIBakü

¬cMeBaH¦ fa sib,ik³ . GacarüBYkxøHeBalfa mhaklnÞk³ ¬stV

kEgðnFM¦ . eRBaHsMeLgERsk KW sMeLgERskdUcsVaTaMgLay .

k¾bTenHCattiyaviPtþi cuHkñúgGtßénehtu GFib,ayfa eRBaHkarERsk

rbs;stVsVaenaHCaehtu .

bTfa n em tM pnÞti citþ M ¬citþrbs;eyIgenaHrEmgminjab;

j½r¦ esckþIfa citþrbs;eyIgrEmgminekþARkhay minjab;j½r .

elakGFib,ayTukfa marmancitþlamkeGIy citþrbs;eyIg

rEmgminFøak;eTAGMBIkmµdæan eRBaHehtuénsERmkrbs;GñkeLIy eRBaH

ehtuénsERmk KW eRBaHehtuénkarbeBa©jsMeLgERskrbs;sVakñúg

éRBenH . RBHefr³eBaldl;ehtukñúgkarEdlcitþminFøak;ecjBIkmµdæan


fa ÉktþM nirtM hi em ¬eRBaHcitþrbs;eyIgeRtkGréRkElgehIy

kñúgRBHniBVan¦ . hi sBÞ manehtuCaGtß )andl; eRBaHehtuEdl

citþrbs;eyIg lHkarsñiT§sñaledayBYk eRtkGrehIy eRtkGr

éRkElgehIykñúgPaBCabuKÁlmñak;Ég KW kñ úgPaBCabuKÁlmñak;Ég b¤

eRBaHehtuEdlcitþrbs;eyIglHesckþIraymaykñúgxageRkA ehIy

eRtkGrehIy eRtkGréRkElgehIykñúgPaBmñak;Ég KW kñúgÉkKÁta-

rmµN_ b¤eRBaHehtuEdlcitþrbs;eyIgeRtkGrehIy eRtkGréRkElg

ehIy kñúgRBHniBVanEdlmanPaBEtmYy EdlmansPaBCaÉk dUecñaH

citþrbs;eyIgeTIbminjab;j½r KW minkeRmIkcakkmµdæan . )anB¤fa

RBHefr³eBalKafaenHmineXøógXøat ceRmInvibsSnaehIy seRmc

RBHGrhtþ .


RBHmanRBHPaKRTg;RBHnamfa sixI manRBH

qvIvNÑdUcmas RTg;rugerOgdUcdYgRBHGaTitü manRBH

1¦ GbTan ¬bidkelx 73 TMB½r 137¦ Ca RBHmienlbuböiyetßr .


hbJT½yemtþa manRBHsti esþceLIgkan;TIc®gám .

eyIgmancitþRCHføa mancitþesamnsS sresIr

RBHjaNd¾]tþmehIy kan;nUvpáamienlRBwkSeTAbUCa

RBHBuT§ .


RBHBuT§edaypáaeQINa eRBaHkarbUCaenaH eyIgmin

EdlsÁal;TuKÁtieLIy enHCaplénBuT §bUCa .


esþccRkBtþi RTg;RBHnamfa suemXXn³ RTg;bribUN’




KafaenH )anCaKafaBüakrN_RBHGrhtþplrbs;RBHefr³ .

cb;Gdækfa rameNyüketßrKafaTI 9

3


Gdðkza vimlezrKazaTI 10

[51] FrNIv sic©ti vati malueta viC¢ úta crti neP

]bsmµnþ i v itkáa citþM susmahitM mmnþi .

EpndIEtgesImRCab ¬edayGae)aFatu¦ xül;k¾rEmg

bk; epøkbenÞark¾dalRcvat;kñúgGakas Évitká³TaMg Lay ¬mankamvitká³CaedIm¦ rbs;Étgrm¶ab; citþ

rbs;´k¾tmál;Tukl¥ehIy .

RBHvimletßr .

Kafarbs;RBHvimletßr manBaküepþImfa EpndIEtgesImeday

TwkePøóg . erOgekIteLIgdUcemþc?

sUm,IRBHefr³enH k¾CaGñkmanGFikar)aneFVITukehIykñúgRBHBuT§

GgÁmun ² snSMkuslEdlCa]bnisS½yénRBHniBVanTukkñ úgPBenaH ²

kñúgkalénRBHmanRBHd¾PaKRBHnamfa vibsSI ekItkñ úgRtkUlGñkpø ú M

s½gç eBldwgkþ IehIy sikSaseRmckñúgsil,³enaHehIy éf¶mYy

CYbRBHmanRBHPaKRBHnamfa vibsSI mancitþRCHføa eTIbeFV IkarbUCa

-467- Gdækfa Ékni)t vKÁTI 5 v imlefrKafaTI 10

edaykarpøú Ms½gçfVay taMgGMBIenaHmk )aneFV IkarTMnukbMrugRBHsasþa

mþgmáal .

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Rtac;rgÁat;eTAkñúgeTvta nigmnusSTaMgLay kñúgkalénRBHd¾man-

RBHPaKRBHnamfa ksSb³ eKeRbITwkRkGUbeRsacRsBedImeBaFiRBwkS

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R)ascakmnÞilcuH} lagTIGgÁúyRtg;lanRBHectIy_ niglaneBaFi-

RBwkS nige)akKk;smNbrikçarEdlesµAhµgrbs;PikçúTaMgLaypg .

kalcuticakmnusSelakehIy eKvilvl;enAEtkñúgeTvta nig

mnusSTaMgLay kñúgBuT§b,aTkalenH ekItkñ úgRtkUlEdlsþúk-

sþmÖ kñ úgRkúgraCRKwH kalelakenAkñúgépÞmatakþI ecjcaképÞHmatakþI

ragkayrbs;elakminesµAhµgeLIy sUm,IesøsµCaedImk¾minRbLak;

dUctMNk;TwkenAelIsøwkQUk )anCaGñkbrisuT§pUrpg; dUcRBHeBaFistV

EdlRbsUtkñ úgPBcugeRkay eRBaHehtuenaH CnTaMgLayeTIbtaMg

namelakfa viml³ .


eKceRmInv½yehIy eXIjBuT§anuPaBkñ úgkalEdlRBHmanRBH

PaKesþcyageTAkan;RkúgraCRKwH k¾ekItnUvsT§a eTIbecjbYs eron

kmµdæanehIyeTAenARtg;l¥agPñM kñ úgEdnekasl .

éf¶mYy mhaemX ¬ePøógFøak;xøa Mg¦ EdlekItkñ úgTVIbTaMg 4

)anRKbdNþb;TUeTAeBjépÞcRkvaL Føak;cuHmk . )anB¤mkfa ePøóg

y:agenH nwgFøak;kñ úgvivdþdæayIkb, cMeBaHEtkñúgevlaEdlRBHBuT§ nig

esþccRkBtþi RTg;enAmanRBHCnµb:ueNÑaH . citþrbs;RBHefr³)antaMg

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ekþA nigeRBaH)anrdUvCaTIsb,ay . elakmancitþtaMgmaMehIy )an

xVl;xVaykñúgvibsSna k¾)anseRmcRBHGrhtþtamlMdab;mKÁ kñúgxN³

enaHÉg .


eyIgCaGñkpøú Ms½gç )anpøú Ms½gçbUCaRBHmanRBH-

PaKRBHnamfa vi ibsSI nigCaGñkxVl;x VayTMnukbMrug

1¦ GbTan ¬bidkelx 72 TMB½r 310¦ Ca RBHBuT § úbdæaketßr³ .


RBHsuKt RTg;EsVgrkKuNd¾FMCanic© .

eyIgeXIjpl énkarTMnukbMrugRBHelaknaf

CataTibuKÁl t®nþI 60>000 EhhmeyIgRKb;kal .

kñúgkb,TI 91 GMBIPTÞkb,enH eyIgTMnukbMrug

RBHmanRBHPaK GñkEsVgrkKuNd¾FMéRkElg eRBaH

kmµenaH eyIgminEdlsÁal;TuKÁtieLIy enHCapl

énkarTMnukbMr ug .

kñúgkb,TI 24¬1¦ GMBIPTÞkb,enH eyIg)anCa

esþccRkBtþi 16 dg RTg;RBHnamfa mhanieXas³

manBlanuPaBeRcIn .



RBHefr³kalseRmcGrhtþehIy CaGñkmancitþeRtkGr eRBaH

eFV Ikic©eRscehIy kalnwgbnøW]Tan )aneBalKafafa

1¦ c,ab;süam Ca ctunvuet = 94 .


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benÞark¾dalRcvat;TUeTAkñúgGakas ¬Et¦ vitká³TaMgLay

s¶b;eTA citþrbs;eyIgk¾tmál;maMedayl¥ .

bNþabTTaMgenaH bTfa FrNI esµInwg bzvI ¬ERbfa EpndI¦

k¾EpndIenaH elakehAfa {FrNI} eRBaHRTRTg;TuknUvvtßúEdlKYrRTRTg;

)anxøH nigRTRTg;min)anxøHTaMgGs; .

bTfa sic©ti ¬esImRCab¦ esckþIfa kalmhaemXjúaMgePøóg

[Føak;eBjlMhemXedayCMuvij EpndIk¾esImedayTwkePøóg .

bTfa vati malueta ¬xül;rEmgbk;pat;¦ esckþIfa xül;Edl

RtCak;eRBaHlayCamYyTwkePøóg k¾bk;mk .

bTfa viC¢ últa crti neP ¬epøkbenÞark¾dalRcvat;eBjépÞ

Gakas¦ esckþIfa epøkbenÞarEdldalRcvat;cakdu MBBkRkas; pÁr

k¾RKhwmkñúgTIenaH² nigdalRcvat;eTAkñúgGakas mþgxagenaHmþgxag

enHCu MT is .

bTfa ]bsmµnþ i v itkáa ¬ vitká³TaMgLays¶b;eTA ¦ esckþIfa

mhavitká³TaMg 9 mankamvitká³CaedIm k¾eQµaHfa s¶b;ehIy eday

GMNacéntTgÁb,hanCaedIm kñúgxagedIm eRBaHRBHefr³)anseRmc


smf³ nigvibsSnaEdlseRmcehIy eRBaHmanrdUvCaTIsb,ay eQµaH

fa rEmgcUleTAs¶b; eRBaHkar)anseRmcGriymKÁ KW rEmgvinaseTA

edayminmancMENksl; . RBHefr³eBaldl;xN³énGriymKÁ eFVI

[Cabc©úb,nñ eRBaHCitbc©úb,nñ . mü:ageTot BaküenHCabc©úb,nñkal

eRbIkñ úgn½yGtItkal .

bTfa citþM susmahitM mmM ¬citþrbs;eyIgtmál;Tukl¥ehIy¦

esckþIfa RBHefr³BüakrN_RBHGrhtþfa tGMBIenaHmk citþrbs;eyIg

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RtÚveFV Ikñ úgkartmál;citþenaHeLIy .

cb;Gdækfa vimletßrKafaTI 10


RBHsir ivDÆefr³ 1 RBHxTirvniyervtefr³ 1 RBHsumgÁlefr³ 1 RBHsanuefr³ 1 RBHrmNIyviharIefr³ 1 RBHsmiT§ iefr³ 1 RBH]C¢yefr³ 1 RBHsBa¢yefr³ 1 RBHrameNyükefr³ 1 RBHv imlefr³ 1

dUecñHÉg . s t r

raynamsb,úrsCn

cUlrYmksagKm<IrGdækfa 3

-elakRKÚGKÁbNÐit b‘ut savgS >>>>>>>>> $ 2.000 USA -])sk esam rtn³ RBmTaMgPriya

butþ nigecA >>>>>>>>> $ 5.00 USA -elakm©as;RKÚFmµb,eBaØa qMu saevOn >>>>>>>>>> $ 1.50 USA -])sk taMg supl ])sika Lúg ekn

RBmTaMgbutþ nigecA >>>>>>>>> $ 2.00 USA -kumarI taMg sumavtI >>>>>>>>> $ 1.00 USA -ecARsI v:an; ]tþra

v:an; v:anILa >>>>>>>>> $ 1.00 USA v:an; sahVIy:a

-])sk taMg qay RBmTaMgbutþ nigecA >>>>>>>>> $ 50 USA -])sika taMg pløa ])sika taMg suIfa

RBmTaMgbutþ nigecA >>>>>>>>> $ 50 USA

3

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