How does information get ____ memory? How is information ________ in memory? How is information ___________ of memory?

Figure 7.2 Three key processes in memory

The role of ________ Focusing ________ ________ attention

The role of attention Levels of _____________

Incoming information processed at different levels

________ processing = longer lasting memory codes

Encoding levels: ________ = shallow _________ = intermediate _________ = deep

Figure 7.3 Levels-of-processing theory

__________ = linking a stimulus to other information at the time of encoding Thinking of __________

______________ = creation of visual images to represent words to be remembered Easier for concrete objects: ____________ theory

Analogy: information storage in _________ ~ information storage in human _______

Information-processing theories Subdivide memory into three different

______ Sensory, Short-term, Long-term

Figure 7.6 The Atkinson and Schiffrin model of memory storage

Brief preservation of information in ________ sensory form

___________ – approximately ___ second

Limited duration – about ___ seconds without rehearsal _________ – the process of repetitively

verbalizing or thinking about the information

Limited capacity – magical number __________________ _______ – grouping familiar stimuli for

storage as a single unit

STM not limited to phonemic encoding Loss of information not only due to

______ Baddeley (1986) – 3 components of

working memory __________ rehearsal loop ___________ sketchpad _________ control system

Figure 7.7 Short-term memory as working memory

__________ Capacity Permanent storage?

__________ memories How is knowledge represented and

organized in memory? _______ and Scripts _________ Networks Connectionist Networks and PDP

Models

The _____________ phenomenon – a failure in retrieval Retrieval ____

Reinstating the context Context cues

Reconstructing memories ____________ effect

Source monitoring

___________ Forgetting Curve _______ – the proportion of material

retained Recall Recognition Relearning

Figure 7.10 Ebbinghaus’ forgetting curve for nonsense syllables

Ineffective Encoding ________ ___________

Proactive Retroactive

Retrieval ______ _____________

Authenticity of repressed memories? Memory illusions Controversy

Figure 7.11 Effects of interference

Figure 7.12 Retroactive and proactive interference

Encoding ____________ Transfer-Appropriate Processing Repression

Authenticity of repressed memories? Memory ________ Controversy

Figure 7.14 The prevalence of false memories observed by Roediger and McDermott (1995)

________ Anterograde and Retrograde Amnesia

__________ Medial temporal lobe memory system

______circuitry Localized neural circuits

Biochemistry ________ modulating neurotransmitter

systems Protein synthesis

Figure 7.16 The anatomy of memory

Declarative vs. ___________ _________ vs. Episodic Prospective vs. _____________

Figure 7.17 Theories of independent memory systems

Figure 7.18 Retrospective versus prospective memory