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ÎCî¦ô¢Ù 1 WöËμj 2018 Ðû¦è[ª šïj°ë]ô¦ò°ë 2
þ¼p·Úû ÏÙTxùà ð§êŸ ú£Ù#ÚÛõ ÚÁú£Ù àŸ«è[Ùè… www.eenadupratibha.net
IIn the last lesson we have seen thedegrees of comparison. Some are regular andthe others are irregular comparisons. Now letus see how we can change a sentence from onedegree to another. When three things are com-pared we have all the three degrees; the posi-tive, the comparative and the superlative.
Model -1:
Sitaram is the tallest boy in the class sêŸô¢ÞœAö˺ÍÙë]J ÚÛÙç˶ úˆê¦ô¦Ù ð»è[ªÞœªz. The adjective here,‘tallest’ is in the superlative degree. Let us seehow we can change it into the other degrees: Comparative: Sitaram is taller than any otherboy / all other boys in the class. súˆê¦ô¦Ù êŸìêŸô¢ÞœAö˺ Ô ÏêŸô¢ ò°õªè…ÚÛû¦o ð»è[ªÞœªzPositive: No other boy in the class is as / so tallas Sitaram. sÎ êŸô¢ÞœAö˺ ÏÙ¸Ú ÏêŸô¢ ò°õªè[«úˆê¦ô¦Ù ÍÙêŸ ð»è[ªÞœª Ú¥ë]ªzThis is the first model. ÏC îμ³ë]æ¨ ì÷´û¦.Model 2:
Superlative: Sitaram is one of the tallest boysin the class. súˆê¦ô¦Ù êŸì êŸô¢ÞœAö˺ ð»è[ª·Þjìò°õªô¢ö˺ ÖÚÛè[ªzComparative: Sitaram is taller than most otherboys in the class. súˆê¦ô¦Ù êŸì êŸô¢ÞœAö˺ à¦ö°÷ªÙC ò°õªô¢ ÚÛÙç˶ ð»è[ªÞœªzPositive: Very few boys in the class are as tallas Sitaram. sÎ êŸô¢ÞœAö˺ à¦ö° êŸÚÛª\÷÷ªÙCò°õªô¢ª úˆê¦ô¦Ù ÍÙêŸ ð»è[ªÞœªzModel -3:
Superlative: Sitaram is not the tallest boy inthe class. súˆê¦ô¦Ù êŸì êŸô¢ÞœAö˺ ÍÙë]Jö˺ ð»è[ª·Þjìî¦è[ª Ú¥ë]ªzComparative: Sitaram is not taller than someother boys in the class. súˆê¦ô¦Ù êŸì êŸô¢ÞœAö˺ڕÙêŸ ÷ªÙC ò°õªô¢ ÚÛÙç˶ ð»è[ª·Þjì î¦è[ª Ú¥ë]ªzPositive: Some boys in the class are at least astall as Sitaram. sÚ•ÙêŸ÷ªÙC ò°õªô¢ª Î êŸô¢ÞœAö˺ÚÛFú£Ù úˆê¦ô¦Ù ÍÙêŸ ð»è[ªÞœªzH When only two things are compared there is
no superlative degree. (·ôÙè…æ¨û¶ ð¼Laìí£±pè[ªsuperlative degree ÑÙè[ë]ª)
Model - 4:Comparative: Anita is taller than Ambika.(ÍEêŸ ÍÙGÚÛ ÚÛÙç˶ ð»è[ªÞœª) Positive: Ambika is not as / so tall as Anita.sÍÙGÚÛ ÍEêŸ ÍÙêŸ ð»è[ªÞœª Ú¥ë]ªzModel - 5: Comparative: Ambika is not taller than Anita.Positive: Anita is at least as tall as Ambika. ÏO ÏÙTxùÃö˺ êŸô¢êŸ÷ª òÅ˶ë¯õìª àŸ«›í degrees ofcomparison. Oæ¨E à¦ö° â°vÞœêŸhÞ¥ ÍòÅ¡uú‡Ùà¦L.Ïí£±pè[ª Ð ÍòÅ°uþ§Eo þ§ëÅ]ì à¶óŸªÙè….
Exercise1) New York is the largest city in the world. 2) He is one of the strongest boys in the class.3) Kolkata is at least as large as Mumbai.4) Vijayawada is not the biggest city in the
south. 5) Visakhapatnam is larger than Vijayawada. 6) Krishna is at least as tall as Bhagavan. 7) He is not the greatest of writers. 8) She is more beautiful than Sita. 9) This box is heavier than all other boxes in
the shop. 10) They know English better than some other
boys in the class.
Grammar & Usage
K. Gayatri, Kothagudem
Q: Sir, what is meant by Metaphor and simile? Please explain in Teluguand give some examples for them.
A: Simile and metaphor are both figures of speech. Simile is a directcomparison between two objects, whereas Metaphor is impliedcomparison. Simile ÍÙç˶ ·ôÙè[ª ÷ú£ªh÷±õ ÷ªëÅ]u ð¼LÚÛìª cö°Þ¥, ÷öËμ,eö°Ùæ¨ í£ë¯õêÁ êμõí£è[Ù. eg: ÍêŸè[ª óŸ³ë]ÌÄ ô¢ÙÞœÙö˺ ú‡ÙÙö° ÑÙæ°è[ª.Metaphor ÍÙç˶ ÖÚÛ ÷ú£ªh÷±ìª ÏÙÚÁ ÷ú£ªh÷±êÁ ú£÷«ìÙÞ¥ ÑÙë]E àμí£pè[Ù.Ñë¯: ÍêŸè[ª ú‡Ù. n ÏC Metaphor.
D. Durga, BhadrachalamQ: Sir, Once in a blue moon, To shoot the
moon, Over the moon, Cast beyond themoon - Oæ¨Ú¨ êμõªÞœªö˺ Íô¦–õª êμLí‡, Ôú£Ùë]ô¢(ÄÙö˺ î¦è[ê¦ôÁ N÷JÙàŸÞœõô¢ª.
A: 1) Once in a blue moon = very rarely(à¦ö° Íô¢ªë]ªÞ¥). eg: He visits me oncein a blue moon.
2) Shoot for the moon = To ask for the bestor the most you could (ÖÚÛJE ÷ªìÚÛª ÍêŸuÙêŸví‡óŸªîμªiì ë¯EÚÁú£Ù Íè[ÞœåÙ.). eg: You couldas well shoot for the moon and ask him fora promotion in your job as well as a rise inyour salary (ìª÷yêŸé¨o ú£«æ¨Þ¥û¶ FÑëÁuÞœÙö˺ šíj Ë˺ë¯ÚÛ«, @êŸÙ šíÙí£±ìÚÛªÍè[Þœ÷àŸªa).
3) Over the moon = To be very pleased /extremely happy (à¦ö° ú£ÙêÁù£ÙÞ¥ÑÙè[åÙ). eg: She is over the moon as shehas bought a new car (Ú•êŸh Ú¥ô¢ª Ú•ìåÙêÁ,Îîμª à¦ö° ú£ÙêÁù£ÙÞ¥ ÑÙC.).
4) Cast beyond the moon – this phrasal verbhas no meaning – this is not at all used.
Kantipudi Kameswara RaoQ: Sir, what is the difference between the
following? Vacation, HolidaysA: Vacation is American, whereas Holiday is
British. Both mean almost the samething. Perhaps vacation is longer thanholiday. Whatever it is, the British usageis holiday, and the American usage isvacation.
Jagannath SQ: Sir, what is the correct pronunciation of
WEDNESDAY? I heard that some bodyeven from elite group pronounce it as "WEDNESDAY" as it is and some peoplepronounce it" WENZDAY". Which oneis correct?
A: The correct pronunciation is, ‘WenzdeI’.It is never pronounced as Wednesday.
SuryaQ: ú£ôÂ, û¶ìª îμ³ë]æ¨ ìªÙ# êμõªÞœª Oªè…óŸªÙ
Në¯uJ–E. ÏÙTxùà àŸë]÷Þœõìª Ú¥F ÷«æ°xè[ö˶ìª.ÏÙTxùÃö˺ î�¶ÞœÙÞ¥ ÷«æ°xè[æ°EÚ¨ ÔÙ à¶óŸ«L?
A: Read the English newspaper for at leasthalf an hour every day. Listen to Englishnews bulletins on the TV. Read shortstory books in English – those prescribedfor elementary classes, and then pass onto big novels. Speak in English to thosewho know English. This is the bestmethod to improve your English conver-sation.
Email your questions to: [email protected]
Oª ví£øŒoõª í£Ùð§Lqì #ô¢ªû¦÷«...þ¼p·Úû ÏÙTxùÃ, ví£AòÅ¡ NòÅ°ÞœÙ,
Ðû¦è[ª Ú¥ô¦uõóŸªÙ, ô¦îμ«@ íƇöËÀt ú‡æ©,Íû¦âËÀí£²ôÂ, ô¢ÙÞ¥·ôè…“ >ö°x.
How to improve your English...?
S. No
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Superlative
New York is the largestcity in the world.
He is one of the strongest
boys in the class.
Vijayawada is not the biggest city in the south.
He is not the greatest of writers.
This box is the heaviest
of all boxes in the shop.
Comparative
New York is larger than any other city in the world.
He is stronger than mostother boys in the class.
Mumbai is not larger as Kolkata.
Some cities in the south are bigger than Vijayawada.
Visakhapatnam is larger than Vijayawada.
Bhagavan is not taller than Krishna.
He is greater than some other writers
She is more beautiful than Sita.
This box is heavier than all other / any other boxes in the shop.
They know English better than some other boys in the class.
Positive
No other city in the world is as large as New York.
Very few boys in the class is as strong as he.
Kolkata is at least as large as Mumbai.
Some cities in the south are at least as big as Vijayawada.
Vijayawada is not as large
as/ so large as Visakhapatnam.
Krishna is at least as tall as Bhagavan.
Some writers are at least as great as he.
Sita is not so beautiful as she.
No other box in the shop is as heavy as this box.
Some other boys in the class do not know English as well as they.
1. Inundate = Flood / a large crowd of peopleor a lot of things to be dealt with.
eg: a) Because of heavy rains, the whole citywas inundated.
b) The government office was inundated withcomplaints from the public.
2. Sedentary = Spending a lot of time, seatedwithout moving.
eg: A clerk’s job in an office is sedentary. H Sedentary X Mobile (Moving). eg: A salesman’s job is mobile as he has to
travel from place to place. 3. Justification = A good reason or a good
explanation for an action. eg: It can be saidwith justification that she is a great actress.
H Justification X Opposition. eg: There is an opposition to his claim that he
is a great player of hockey.
4. Miserly = Behaving like a miser (A miser isone who does not spend money even onnecessities).
eg: His father is very miserly and hesitates tospend money on his children’s education.
H Miserly X He is very liberal in spendingmoney for the sake of helping others.
5. Plush = Expensive, comfortable and highquality.
eg: My friend who I met after a long time, tookme to a plush restaurant where we had anexcellent dinner.
H Plush X Frugal. eg: My host, being poor gave me a frugal
meal.
998
VOCABULARY- M. Suresan
Writer
She is over the moon as she has boughta new car
ÎCî¦ô¢Ù 8 VöËμj 2018 Ðû¦è[ª šïj°ë]ô¦ò°ë 2
þ¼p·Úû ÏÙTxùà ð§êŸ ú£Ù#ÚÛõ ÚÁú£Ù àŸ«è[Ùè… www.eenadupratibha.net
The topic has become a hot potato!
Hima, KakinadaQ: Sir, under, through, besides, off, below,
about – îμ³ë]öËμjì prepositions î¦Ú¥uö˺x Óö°Ñí£óμ«TÙà¦ö˺ Ñë¯ï£°ô¢éõêÁ N÷JÙàŸÞœõô¢ª.
A: 1) Under = beneath (Ú¨Ùë]). The doctor putthe thermometer under my tongue.
2) Through = from one end of a side of some-thing top the other end. eg: They walkedthrough the forest gathering the leaves ofsome medicinal plants.
3) Besides = Also. eg: He gave me somemoney besides some books so that I maycontinue my studies.
4) Off = Away from a place or position (It hasother meanings too). eg: Keep the boy athome or he will run off.
5) Below = Under. eg: The photo was hungunder the roof.
6) About = Regarding something (ÖÚÛë¯EÞœªJÙ#) eg: He told me about what you haddone to him.
Q: Sir please explain the idioms withExamples. i) A hot potato ii) Costs an arm and a leg
iii) I could eat a horse iv) Feel a bit under the weather v) When pigs fly
A: i) A hot potato = A situation about whichthere are disputes. eg: The topic hasbecome a hot potato between the two.
ii) Cost an arm and leg = very costly / veryexpensive. eg: It may cost an arm and a legfor me to buy a car in my present situation.
iii) I could eat a horse = very, very hungry. eg: I am so hungry that I could eat a horse.
iv) Feel a bit under the weather = Not feel wellor feel ill. eg: I feel a little under the weath-er today because I worked the whole of lastnight.
v) When pigs fly – The correct expression is:‘Pigs might fly’ = When there is no chanceof something happening. eg: Indians win-ning an international foot ball match? – Pigsmight fly.
Q: I am preparing special dish for you – Is thiscorrect?
A: I am preparing a special dish for you – cor-rect. Dish is countable singular, so ‘a’ is amust before it.
999- M. Suresan
Writer
He told me about what you had done to him
M. SantoshQ: Sir what are the meanings of the following expressions
1) Blazing light of truth 2) Wounded justice 3) Majestic scorn
A: 1) Truth which burns like a fierce fire. sÚÛéÚÛé ÷ªÙè˶ Eí£±pö°Ùæ¨CEáÙz.
2) Justice which is not correct / unjust (Íû¦uóŸªîμªiì Bô¢ªp) 3) Making fun of somebody, seeming to admire and respect them. (à¦ö°
ÞœÙHÅô¢ÙÞ¥ ÖÚÛJE Í÷÷«EÙàŸåÙ)
1. Nauseate = Cause someone to vomit.sî¦ÙAE ÚÛLTÙà¶z
eg: The sight of the dirty road nauseated me.(nausea = ÚÛè[ªí£± Aí£påÙ)
H Nauseate X Attract. eg: The sight of the scenery attracted me a
lot. 2. Studious = Spending a lot of time on
study. sà¦ö° vøŒë]ÌÄêÁ àŸë]÷è[åÙz. eg: Thestudent is very studious and scores veryhigh marks.
H Studious X Lazy sñë]ÌÄÚÛú£ªhèËμjìz.eg: The boy is quite lazy and does not pay
attention to studies. 3. Remedy = A successful way of curing ill-
ness sî¦uCÅ Eî¦ô¢éz. eg: The doctor sug-gested a good remedy for his disease.
H Remedy X Harm sE ÚÛLTÙà¶zeg: His excessive drinking has harmed his
health. 4. Titanic = Extremely powerful, strong,
important or large sNí£KêŸîμªiì ñõÙ
ÚÛLTÑÙè[åÙ, øŒÚ¨hêÁ ÑÙè[åÙ, vð§÷³ÜuÙ ÚÛõ,šíë]Ìëμjìz. eg: It was a titanic battlebetween both the teams to win the trophy.
H Titanic X minute (pronounced mainute) = extremely small sú£«¤Ûtîμªiìz.
eg: Minute particles of dirt were found in theliquid, so she threw it away.
5. Militant = Determined and often willing touse force sEøŒaóŸªÙêÁ ñõ ví£óμ«ÞœÙ ඛúz.
eg: India faces threat from the militants fromPakistan.
H Militant X Peace loving. eg: India is a peace loving country.
VOCABULARY The sight of the dirty roadnauseated me
Pillalamarri AshokQ: Sir, please translate the following into
English. 1) Þœªè… ìªÙ# ð§å Íú£pù£dÙÞ¥ NEí‡þ¼hÙC.2) ììªo ÏÙêŸ v›íNªú£ªhû¦o÷± ÚÛë¯, Íú£õª û¶ìª
Íû¶î¦è…E ÖÚÛé¨o í£±æ¨d ÑÙè[ÚÛð¼ê¶ ìª÷±yÓ÷Jo v›íNªÙà¶ë¯EN? F v›í÷ª Ô÷ªó¶ªuC?
3) v›í÷ª ÍÙç˶ þ§yô¦–EÚ¨ ûμjAÚÛ Nõª÷ìªÎð§CÙàŸè[.
4) v›í÷ª ÍÙç˶ ví£í£ÙàŸÙö˺ Ô ·ôÙè…Ùæ¨ ÷ªëÅ]uð¼LÚÛ àŸ«è[ÚÛªÙè¯, òÅ˶ë¯Eo àŸ«í£ÚÛªÙè¯ÑÙè[å.
A: 1) The song from the temple is beingheard unclearly/ indistinctly.
2) You love me so much. Suppose a man likeme had not been born, who would youhave loved, and what would have hap-pened to your love?
3) ‘Love’ means attributing moral value to it.4) Love means not comparing any two
objects, and not showing any differencebetween the two.
Saleem, GuntakalQ: Dear sir, what is the difference between
i) anticipation and expected, ii) gold andgolden?
A: i) Expectation is almost certain, whereas‘anticipation’ is not so certain. Heexpects some trouble = Some trouble,he feels, is sure to happen. He antici-pates trouble = He expects trouble, butis not so certain about it.
ii) ‘Gold; refers to the metal, whereas ‘gold-en’ refers to something which is as valu-able as ‘gold’.
eg: a) a gold ring = a ring made of gold. b) Golden opportunity = an opportunity
which is as great as gold, but not the metalgold.
[email protected]: What is the meaning of Smokes and
Mirrors?A: The correct expression is: Smoke and mir-
rors = making you believe that somethingis true when it is actually not true. eg: Hisclaim that he has passed the exam is justsmoke and mirrors.
[email protected]: Sir, how can we use the word "AS" in sen-
tence forming?A: The word ‘As’ has three meanings:
1) Similar to something 2) Because 3)Used to describe the quality or purpose ofsomething. Example for No 1) He is astall as his father (= he is tall like hisfather)
2) As (because) he is ill, he cannot attend col-lege.
3) He works as a clerk in a hotel.
Email your questions to: [email protected]
M. Ramesh Babu, AnantapuramuQ: Sir we cannot form passive voice to
future continuous tense, future perfectcontinuous tense, past perfect continuoustense and present perfect continuoustense. What is the reason? Could youexplain clearly?
A: The reason is that it is very difficult to doso, eg: I have been eating it. The passivevoice for it: it has been being eaten by me– this is very inconvenient, so this is thereason why these four tenses do not havepassive voices.
Sunaina Nehwal, HanmakondaQ: Sir please translate the following into
English.i) Îîμª NF Nììåªx NìoCii) Îîμª àŸ«úˆ àŸ«è[ìåªx àŸ«ú‡ÙC.
A: i) She heard as if she did not hear proper-ly.
ii) She looked as if she did not look properly Q: I don't think that delicate stepping into the
dead man's shoes in such haste – Sir,please explain.
A: Your sentence is incomplete – It maymean that stepping/ using a dead man’sshoes in a hurry is not good.
Q: The blanket is all tattered now, just a ballof knotted yarn – please tell the meaning.
A: The blanket is torn and is in shreds andlike a ball of threads.
Q: What is the cost of the book/ rate of thebook/ price of the book – Which one iscorrect? Please explain the above under-lined.
A: What is the cost/ price of the book –Correct. Rate means price for one book.
Sana, WarangalQ: Please make sure that your child present
at the school – Sir, please say if this sen-tence is correct or not.
A: The correct sentence is: Please make surethat your child is present at school -Correct.
Q: Outside of a dog a book is man's bestfriend inside of a dog it is too dark to read– Please explain.
A: ‘Outside of a dog’ here means, ‘Otherthan a dog’/‘besides a dog’. The first partof the sentence means, Other than a dog,a book is man’s best friend. ‘Inside of adog’ means inside of a house it may betoo dark to read.
Q: i) ò°ñªìª êŸóŸ«ô¢ªàμóÀª, ñè…Ú¨ Bú£ªÚÛªî�μü°hìª ii) î¦üŒ‰x Þœªvô¢Ùšíj î�μüŒ‰hÙè[Þ¥ ë¯Jö˺ ÖÚÛ vÞ¥÷ªÙ
÷ú£ªhÙC - Please say in English. A: Get the boy ready. I will take him to
school. ii) As they were riding a horse, they would
encounter a village Q: Comment – ÚÛîμªÙæÀ- is this correct?A: ‘Comment’ is pronounced as ‘ÚÛîμªÙæÀ’.
ÍÙê¶ Ú¥ÚÛªÙè¯ Ú¥îμªÙæÀ ÍE ÚÛ«è¯ í£õªÚÛªê¦Ù.Q: Shall I come early/ earlier, late/ later, by
one hour – please say if the above is rightor not.
A: Shall I come earlier by one hour or laterby one hour – this is correct.
Q: In the winter season – is this necessary towrite the underlined one?
A: Yes, it is necessary to use ‘the’ before sea-sons.
Q: Chandrababu Naidu, the CM of AP/ TheCM of AP Chandrababu Naidu – pleasesay the correct one.
A: Mr Chandrababu Naidu, CM of AP orThe CM of AP, Mr. Chandrabau Naidu –Either of them is correct.
ÎCî¦ô¢Ù 15 VöËμj 2018 Ðû¦è[ª šïj°ë]ô¦ò°ë 2
Vijay Podiam, ChinturQ: Sir, explain “however” usage in English
with examples.A: Usually we do not begin a new sentence
with ‘but’. Instead, we use ‘however’ tobegin a new sentence. eg: 1) He came hereyesterday. However (= but) he did not talkto anybody. 2) She knew who had stolenthe jewel. However, she did not tell thepolice about it.
Pruthvi PeddapalliQ: Sir, please tell me the meaning of i) what
ever we could, ii) is this not appear youas a mistake
A: i) As a part of a sentence, ‘whatever wecould’ is correct. It means ‘à¶óŸªÞœLTÙë]Ùꦒ.eg: We did whatever we could to help him.
ii) Is this not appear to you as a mistake – thisis wrong. The correct sentence is: Does thisnot appear to you as a mistake?
M. PriyankaQ: ú£ôÂ, #ìoêŸô¢ÞœêŸªõ í‡õxõÚÛª ê¶LÚÛÞ¥
Íô¢–÷ªó¶ªuö° N÷JÙàŸè¯EÚ¨ ò˶ú‡Ú vÞ¥÷ªô ô¢«öËÀqÚÁú£Ù ÷ªÙ# í£±ú£hÚ¥õª ú£«#ÙàŸÙè….
A: Living English Structure by StannardAllen, and Published by Pearson Companyis a very useful practice book for children.It is available at Orient Longmans
Company or any other book shop.Varun, Guntur
Q: Respected sir, please let me know thecorrect sentences from the following.
1) Shall we play for some time?/ Will youcome to play for some time?
2) How about to go a movie tonight?/What about to go a movie today?
3) Have you had your breakfast?/ Do youeat breakfast?
4) Can you give me today’s newspaper? /Can you give me today newspaper? -which is correct?
5) Is Hari going to school?6) How can you
sleep still 7O’ clock inthe morn-ing as youhad a class at 6O’ clock?
7) Just listen to yourfather and dowhat he said.
A: 1) The firstsentence iscorrect.
2) How about/ what about
going to a movie tonight? 3) Have you had your breakfast? – Correct. Do
you eat breakfast – this means ‘Do you takebreakfast every day?’4) Can you give me today’s news-
paper – correct. The other sen-tence – today newspaper –wrong.
5) Correct. 6) How can you sleep till 7
O’clock in the morning, whenyou had a class at 6 O’clock? –Correct.
7) Correct. [email protected]
Q: Sir, Instead is treated as preposition andconjunction. Please explain when wetreat it as preposition and conjunction.Please clarify my doubt.
A: ‘Instead’ is neither a conjunction nor apreposition. It is an adverb. Eg: You cango instead of me. Here it is used as a anadverb.
V. Sravanthi, S.KotaQ: Respected sir, please let me know the
mistakes if any.1) It become more tough time for him as no
one can able to understand his needs - ÍêŸè…Ú¨ÔÙ Ú¥î¦ö˺ Íô¢–Ù à¶ú£ªÚÛªû¶î¦üŒ‰x ö˶ÚÛð¼÷è[ÙêÁÍêŸè… í£Jú‡–A à¦ö° Ú¨xù£dÙÞ¥ ÑÙC.
2) If we tell 10 more times the same theyrepeated the same mistakes - ÷ªìÙ í£Cþ§ô¢ªxàμí‡pû¦ î¦üŒ‰x Íî�¶ êŸí£±põª à¶ú£«hû¶ ÑÙæ°ô¢ª.
3) He is waiting for change in the situations -ÍêŸè[ª í£Jú‡–꟪ö˺x ÷«ô¢ªp ÚÁú£Ù Óë]ªô¢ªàŸ«ú£ªhû¦oè[ª.
A: 1) It has become tough for him as no onecan / is able to understand his needs.
2) Even if we tell them ten times that what theyare doing is wrong, they repeat the samemistakes.
3) Your third sentence is correct.Raqeeb Shaan
Q: When was the bicycle invented?When was invented the bicycle? What is
the difference between these sentences?A: When was the bicycle invented? – This is
correct. When was invented the bicycle –This is wrong.
Sanjay KaleQ: Sir, please translate into English1. ë]ªí£pæ¨ ÚÛí£±pÚÁ2. ú‡LÙè[ô ޥuúà ÓEo
ôÁVõÚÛª ÷ú£ªhÙC?3. ÖÚÛJû•ÚÛô¢ª
ëÁàŸªÚÛªÙåªû¦oô¢ªA: Cover / drape
yourself with asheet.
2. How long doesthe gas in thecylinder last?
3. They are rob-bing one another.
1. Replete = a) full especially with food (EÙè…Ñìo, ÷³ÜuÙÞ¥ Î-ô¢Ù-êÁ-). eg: After eatingat the marriage party, Ram was replete, andwanted no more to eat.
Replete X starved or starving (-í£ú£ªh í£è[ª-ÚÛª-ìo-).b) Full or well supplied with something (-EÙè…
Ñìo/- ë¶E-êÁ-ûμjû¦ ò°Þ¥ EÙè… Ñìo-). eg: Modern day Telugu movies are replete
with sex, dances and stunts Replete X empty (-Ý°-SÞ¥ Ñìo-). eg: The vessel is empty. (Î ð§vêŸ Ý°SÞ¥ ÑÙC-) 2. Concede = Agree or accept (-Ö-í£±p-ÚÁ-÷è[Ù/-
úˆyÚÛ-JÙ-àŸ-è[Ù-). eg: At last he conceded to myrequest of helping my brother
Concede X Reject or refuse (-A-ô¢-ú£\-JÙ-àŸ-è[Ù-). eg: He refused to help me and turned me
away. 3. Unpalatable = Unpleasant / difficult to
accept (-Í-û¦-x-ë]-ÚÛ-ô¢ÙÞ¥ Ñìo/- úˆyÚÛ-JÙ-àŸ-è¯-EÚ¨Oö˶xE-). eg: My offer was unpalatable to himand he asked for even more.
Unpalatable X Palatable = Pleasant. eg: My statement was very palatable to him.
(Palate = the hard roof of the mouth)
4. Prerogative = A privilege or right (-ví£-ê¶uÚÛÚÛª\/- þ¿ÚÛ-ô¢uÙ-). eg: The MPs and MLAs inIndia enjoy a lot of prerogatives
Prerogative X Duty or obligation (-ëÅ]ô¢tÙ/- NCÅ-).eg: He had the duty of attending on the minis-
ter. 5. Profane = Crude / vulgar (-îμ«-åªÞ¥, Íú£-
òÅ¡uÙÞ¥/- ñ«êŸª-õêÁ Ñìo-)eg: Healwaysspeaksprofane lan-guage and lacks cul-ture
Profane X Decent /refined (-ú£Ù-þ§\-ô¢-÷Ù-êŸ-îμªi-ì). eg: His lan-
guage isdecentand henever hurtsothers.
ul l
ul
l
VOCABULARYul lul l
J. Satya
Q: Respected sir, I request you to kindlyexplain briefly about parts of speechand its uses.
A: 1) Noun is the name of a person, place,thing or animal. eg: man, woman,brother, lion, tiger, etc.
2) A pronoun is used in the place of a noun.eg: Gopal came here last night. He wasvery tired. Here, ‘he’ is a pronoun. Otherpronouns are: I, we, you, they, he, she, it,this, that, these, those, etc.
3) Adjective talks about the quality of a per-son, place, thing, or animal. The tiger is acruel animal. Here, cruel is an adjective.He is a kind man – here kind is the adjec-tive. The place is suitable for cultivation.Here suitable is an adjective.
4) Verb – A verb talks about the state of beingof the subject, or the work the subjectdoes. eg: is, was, have been, and has beenetc. Go, come, sing, walk etc.
5) Adverb: The adverb qualifies (tells us) thequality of a verb, adjective, or anotheradverb. Eg: He walked slowly. ‘Slowly’here is an adverb. He sang very well.Here the adverb, very, modifies the otheradverb, well. He is a slow walker. Slowhere modifies the noun walker.
6) Conjunction: A conjunction is a wordwhich joins two or more words. And, but,so, etc., are examples of conjunctions.
7) Preposition: Prepositions are words whichare used before / after a noun or pronoun toshow the position of the noun or the pro-noun. He sat on a stool. Here ‘on’ is apreposition. It shows the relationshipbetween ‘sat’ and ‘stool’. Other examplesof preposition are in, into, about, etc.
8) The last part of speech is interjection – theinterjection expresses surprise or a suddenfeeling. eg: Alas, oh, ah, etc.
Veda, ZPHS, Marrigudem
Q: Sir please translate the Telugu wordñæ©dí£ådè[Ù into English. Is by-heart suit-able word for that?
A: Mug up. The proper word for it is, not by-heart, but get by heart something.
One Thousandth Lesson In Spoken English
TThis is the one thousandth lesson on Spoken
English in the Eenadu. I began contributing
to the Eenadu on June 5, 2005 and have
uninterruptedly written Spoken English
lessons in the Eenadu. I hope that my
readers have got some knowledge of Spoken
English with the help of my lessons. I am
grateful to the Eenadu for their invitation to
write the lessons in Spoken English, and I
hope I will continue contributing to the
Eenadu for a long time to come. From now
on efforts will be made to teach English to
Telugu medium students as well. I hope my
lessons will be useful for them too.
- M. Suresan
Writer:
ul l ul lul l
Oª ví£øŒoõª í£Ùð§Lqì #ô¢ªû¦÷«...þ¼p·Úû ÏÙTxùÃ, ví£AòÅ¡ NòÅ°ÞœÙ,
Ðû¦è[ª Ú¥ô¦uõóŸªÙ, ô¦îμ«@ íƇöËÀt ú‡æ©,Íû¦âËÀí£²ôÂ, ô¢ÙÞ¥·ôè…“ >ö°x.
Email your questions to: [email protected]
îμ³ë]æ̈ ð§ôÈ¢Ù ìªÙ# Ïí£pæ÷̈ô¢ÚÛª ví£àŸªJêŸîμªiì þ¼p·Úû ÏÙTxùà ð§êŸ ú£Ù#ÚÛõ ÚÁú£Ù àŸ«è[Ùè…...
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cñæ©deí£ådè¯Eo Ô÷ªÙæ°ô¢ª?1000
ÎCî¦ô¢Ù 22 VöËμj 2018 Ðû¦è[ª šïj°ë]ô¦ò°ë 2
Sentence s-î¦-ÚÛuÙ-zA sentence is a group of words with completemeaning. eg: a) These girls are students.b) My uncle is coming tonight, etc.
A sentence always has a subject (ÚÛô¢h). Thesubject of a sentence is, what the sentencetalks about (-î¦ÚÛuÙ ë¶E ÞœªJÙ-àμjê¶ ÷«æ°x-è[ª-꟪ÙëÁÍC ë¯E- subject). Sentence (a) talks aboutgirls, so the subject of the sentence is ‘Thesegirls.’ Sentence (b) talks about ‘my uncle’, so‘My uncle’ is the subject of the sentence.
The next is ‘the verb’: The verb talks aboutthe state of being of the subject (Subject -N-NëÅ]ô¢Ú¥õ ÑÙè[-æ°Eo ÞœªJÙ-#), or the action done bythe subject (subject ඛú í£EE ÞœªJÙ# àμñª-꟪Ù-C-)– -DEo Verb ÍÙæ°ô¢ª.-eg: a) He is in the class. Here ‘is’ is the verbhere because it talks about the ‘being’ of thesubject (Subject Ú¥x-ú£ªö˺ ÑÙè[-æ°Eo êμõª-í£±-꟪Ù-C-.) b) She plays hockey very well. Here ‘plays’ is
the verb, because it talks about the action ofthe subject. (-Ï-ÚÛ\è[ plays Îè[ª-꟪ÙC ÍE àμ›ípí£ë]Ù, ÍÙç˶ subject ඛú í£E ÞœªJÙ# àμñªêŸªÙC)
It is very important to know the subject andthe verb in a sentence.
There are six classes of verbs in English(ÎÙ-ÞœxÙö˺ verbs (vÚ¨-óŸªõª) 6 ô¢Ú¥-õªÞ¥ ÑÙæ°ô³.- ÍN:-
m Ist Class of Verbs: The ‘be’ forms (be = ÑÙ-è[åÙ – Ð be forms N-NëÅ] ô¢Ú¥õ ÑÙè[-æ°Eo êμõª-í£±-ê¦-ô³). These verbs are:
a) am, is, are, (Ïí£±pè[ª ÑÙè[åÙ, vÚÛ÷ªÙ êŸí£p-ÚÛªÙè¯ÑÙè[åÙ, Óí£±pè[« ÑÙè[åÙ), was and were(ÞœêŸÙö˺ ÑÙè[-åÙ-.)
b) All verb forms ending in ‘-be’: Shall be,will be ( -òÅ¡-N-ù£u-êÂö˺ ÑÙè[-åÙ-), should be(ÑÙè¯L-), would be (-ÑÙ-è[-åÙ-), can be (-ÑÙ-è[-Þœ-õ-Þœ-è[Ù-), could be (Þœ-êŸÙö˺ ÑÙè[-Þœ-õ-Þœ-è[Ù-), may be(-ÑÙ-è[-÷àŸªa, Ïí£±pè[ª Þ¥F/- òÅ¡N-ù£u-êÂö˺ Þ¥F-),might be (-Þœ-êŸÙö˺ ÑÙè[-÷àŸªa n- DEÚ¨ ÏêŸô¢ Ñí£-óμ«-Þ¥õª ÚÛ«è¯ Ñû¦o-ô³-), must be, have to be,has to be (-O-å-Eo-æ¨Ú¨ Íô¢–Ù n- ÑÙè¯-L-), had to be( -Þœ-êŸÙö˺ ÑÙè¯-L-), ought to be ( -ûμj -A-ÚÛÙÞ¥ÑÙè¯L), dare to be (-ëÅμj-ô¢uÙêÁ ÑÙè[-åÙ-), need tobe (Í-÷-ú£-ô¢ÙêÁ ÑÙè[-åÙ-).
c) All verb forms ending in ‘been’: have been,has been (-ÞœêŸÙ ìªÙ# Ïí£pæ¨ ÷ô¢ÚÛª ÑÙè[-åÙ-),had been (-Þœ-êŸÙö˺ Ú•ÙêŸ-Ú¥õÙ ÑÙè[-åÙ-), shallhave been (-òÅ¡-N-ù£u-êÂö˺ ÑÙè[-åÙ-) should havebeen, will have been, would have been, mayhave been, might have been, must havebeen, ought to have been, dare to have been.
m IInd Class of Verbs: This class of verbs isin the form of ‘be’ form + ing form: Thesetalk about actions of the subject. (-ÏN subjectඛú í£ìª-õìª êμõª-í£±-ê¦-ô³.)
eg: Am going, Has been dancing, Will besinging, Had been walking, etc. Theseverbs can be formed by joining, any ‘be’form with any ‘-ing’ form.
m IIIrd Class of Verbs: ‘Be ‘form + Past par-ticiple (V3). Verbs of this class are PAS-SIVE VOICE verbs. (Ð ô¢ÚÛÙ verb passivevoice ö˺ ÑÙåªÙ-C-) eg: Is done (-à¶-óŸª-ñ-è[ª-꟪ÙC), Are seen (-àŸ«-è[-ñ-诓ô¢ª/- àŸ«è[-ñ-诓-ô³-),Have been sent (-í£Ù-í£-ñ-诓ô¢ª/- í£Ùí£-ñ-诓-ô³-),Has been done (-à¶-óŸª-ñ-è…Ù-C-), Will have beentaken (-B-ú£ª-ÚÁ-ñ-è…Ù-C-), etc.
m IVth Class of Verbs: Have/ has/ had/ willhave/ shall have/ would have/ should haveetc. + Past Participle (V3).
eg: Will have gone, Shall have observed,
Should have known, Could have done, etc. m Vth Class of Verbs: There are three classes
of verbs in the V class – they are the IstDoing Word (DW), IInd Doing Word (IIDW) and the Past Doing Word (PDW):Look at the following examples:
Important: When the first doing word (I DW)is used with not or in the question, it becomes,Do + I DW; When the second doing word (IIDW) is used with not or in the question, itbecomes Does + Ist Doing Word, and when thePast Doing Word is used with not or in thequestion, it becomes, Did + I DW. This is veryimportant. eg: a) They go there every day X They do not
go there every day (With ‘not)Question: Do they go there every day? / Whendo they go there every day? / Why do they gothere, etc. b) She sings well X She does not sing well
(With ‘not’)Question: Does she sing well?/ How does shesing? When does she sing?, etc. c) He acted well yesterday X He did not act
well yesterday (With ‘not)Question: Did he act well yesterday? / Howdid he act? / When did he act?, etc. The VIth Class of Verbs (The last class):They are: Shall/ should/ will/ would/ can/could/ may/ might/ must/ need/ ought/ dareetc. + Ist Doing Word. eg: shall go, shouldcome, will do, would sing, may go, might do,need come, etc. Well, these are the six classes of verbs. Learnthem thoroughly.
îμ³ë]æ̈ ð§ôÈ¢Ù ìªÙ# Ïí£pæ÷̈ô¢ÚÛª ví£àŸªJêŸîμªiì þ¼p·Úû ÏÙTxùà ð§êŸ ú£Ù#ÚÛõ ÚÁú£Ù àŸ«è[Ùè…...
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FF FF
Ist DW (usedwith I, We,You, They)
Past DoingWord (used with
all subjects)
II DW(used withHe, She, It)
1. Come Comes Came
2. Sing Sings Sang
3. Fight Fights Fought
4. Try Tries Tried
Grammar
1. Flair = Natural ability/ talent/ knack(ví£AòÅ¡). eg: My friend Ram has the flairacting any role in any drama.
xz Flair X Inability (-ví£-AòÅ¡ ö˶ÚÛ-ð¼-÷-è[Ù-). eg: Hehas the inability to do the right thing at theright time.
2. Genial = Kindly, sociable and friendly(ë]óŸª Þœõ, ›úo-í£²-ô¢y-ÚÛ-îμªi-ì-). eg: She is quitegenial and mixes with every one of herclassmates without hesitation.
xz Genial X Unfriendly (-Nª-vêŸ-òÅ°÷Ù ö˶E-). eg: Heis quite unfriendly and suspects every one.
3. Spouse = Husband or wife (-òÅ¡-ô¢hÚÛª òÅ°ô¢u,òÅ°ô¢uÚÛª òÅ¡ô¢h-). eg: If spouses are bothemployees, they have to pay income tax.
xz Spouse X Enemy (-øŒ-v꟪-÷±-). eg: The husbandand wife no longer live together, as theyhave become enemies.
4. Scam = A dishonest scheme / swindle (-ví£áõ/ ví£òÅ¡ªêŸy è[ñª( Ú¥â˶-óŸª-è[Ù-) eg: Mostministers in India are involved in scams.
xz Scam X Honesty (-E-â°-óŸª-B-). eg: A fewchief ministers in India have honesty.
5. Meltdown = Disaster / Collapse ( -šíë]ÌÎí£ë]/- ÚÛ«L-ð¼-÷-è[Ù-) eg: The Tokyo melt-down could trigger a meltdown in theworld economy
xz Meltdown X Prosperity ( -î�μj-òÅ¡-÷Ù-). eg:America and Japan enjoy a lot of prosperity.
- M. Suresan
Writer:
ExercisePoint out the verbs in the following sentences:1) He comes here every day. 2) They are discussing the matter seriously 3) What does he know? 4) Where did they go yesterday? 5) Do you know English? 6) He shall do it immediately 7) Nobody has an idea where he is now 8) I do not know what has happened to him.
9) How does he sing? 10) Where can you find him? 11) He will come tomorrow 12) They can sing very well 13) He should do it immediately 14) They may come tomorrow 15) They must go there immediately.
áî¦ñªõª ÷à¶aî¦ô¢Ù
FF
FF FFFF
R. Gopi, Konakandla
Q: Sir, please translate the following sen-tences into Telugu.
1) Justice was to be given in accordance withthe provisions of law.
2) Case in which capital punishment was like-ly to be awarded.
3) Cases which are likely to be detected withthe aid and assistance of spies.
4) All other cases not to be discussed byDharmasthiya
5) Each village was supposed to be self suffi-cient even in matters like defence and social
welfare.
6) He was to be examined medically
7) Health can’t bestowed, it has to bewon.
A: 1) àŸådÙ EñÙ-ëÅ]-ìõ ví£Ú¥ô¢Ù ÔCû¦uóŸªîμ« Íö°¸Þ Bô¢ªp Ïî¦yL
2) Ð ¸Úú£ªö˺ ÷ªô¢-é-P¤Û NCÅÙ-àŸ-÷àŸªa 3) Þœ«èÅ[-à¦-ô¢ªõ þ§óŸªÙêÁ ÚÛìª-ÚÛª\û¶ ¸Úú£ªõª
n Ð î¦ÚÛuÙ í£²Jh Ú¥ö˶ë]ª 4) NªÞœê¦ ÏêŸô¢ ¸Úú£ª-õFo ÚÛ«è¯ ëÅ]ô¢t-ú‡–óŸª
sÐ ÷«å û¦ÚÛª Íô¢–Ù Ú¥ö˶ë]ª. OªÑë¶ÌøŒÙ ›íô¦?z àŸJaÙ-àŸ-ë]-T-ìN Ú¥ë]ª
5) ô¢¤Ûé, þ§ÙíƇªÚÛ ú£Ù¸¤÷ªÙ ö°Ùæ¨ Nù£-óŸ«ö˺x ví£A
vÞ¥÷«-EÚ¨ ú£yóŸªÙ ú£Ùú‡-ë]ÌÄêŸ ÑÙè¯-õE Íìª-ÚÁ-ñ-è[ª-꟪ÙC.6) ÍêŸ-è…Ú¨ î�μjë]u í£K¤Û à¶ô³Ù-à¦L.7) ÎôÁÞœuÙ Íû¶C ÖÚÛ ÷ô¢Ù Ú¥ë]ª. ë¯Eo ÷ªìÙ
·Þõª-àŸª-ÚÁ-î¦L, ÍÙç˶, ÷ªìÙ ÷ªì ÎôÁÞœuÙNù£óŸªÙ â°vÞœ-êŸhÞ¥ àŸ«ú£ª-ÚÁ-î¦L ÍE.
G. Siva reddy, Thimmanacheruvu
Q: ú£ôÂ, Ú¨ÙC í£ë¯õìª ÎÙÞœxÙö˺ Ô÷ªÙæ°ôÁêμõªí£Þœõô¢ª.
1) ÷ªï£°FóŸ³õ ÷«åõª 2) ÷ªÙ# ÷«åõª3) NòÅ¡«C 4) Ú¨ö°è… 5) Eë]ô¢)ìÙ 6) Íõª÷³ÚÁ÷è[Ù 7) ë¯ùˆdÚÛÙ8) šíjø‹#ÚÛÙ 9) Þœªê¶hë¯ô¢ª 10) DìÙÞ¥
A: 1) The words of the great 2) Good words 3) Ash worn on the face 4) Trickster 5) Example 6) Spread all over 7) Arrogance / Cause fear 8) Monstrosity / devilishness 9) Contractor 10) Pitiably
Q: Ú¨ÙC â°BóŸ«õÚÛª êμõªÞœªö˺ Íô¦–õª êμõí£Ùè….1) Read between the lines 2) Put in a nut shell 3) Give a piece of mind 4) Get a raw deal
A: 1) í£ÙÚÛªhõ ÷ªëÅ]u ÑÙè˶ òÅ°î¦Eo Íô¢–Ù à¶ú£ªÚÁ÷è[Ù.ÍÙç˶ ô¦ú‡ì ÷uÚÛªhõ ÷ªûÁòÅ°î¦Eo, î¦üŒ‰xàμí£pÚÛªÙè¯û¶ í£ú‡Þœç˶dóŸªè[Ù
2) ÚÛªxí£hÙÞ¥ àμð§põÙç˶3) ÷ªì ÷ªìú£ªö˺ ÑÙè˶ òÅ°î¦Eo ñóŸªæ¨Ú¨
Eô•t÷«åÙÞ¥ àμí£pè[Ù4) ÏÙæ¨Ú•#aì î¦üŒxìª ú£JÞ¥ àŸ«è[ÚÛð¼÷è[Ù n î¦üŒxìª
Í÷ªô¦uë]ÚÛô¢ÙÞ¥ àŸ«è[åÙ
1001 Get a raw deal ÍÙç˶...?FF
VOCABULARY
ÎCî¦ô¢Ù 29 VöËμj 2018 Ðû¦è[ª šïj°ë]ô¦ò°ë 2
[email protected]: Please clarify the meaning of
following, purpose of schoolwith examples.1. Synergy 2. Concept3. Olympiad 4. Iconic5. Iscon6. Cops were never be this scary
A: 1) The combined effort of two ormore organizations or otheragents to produce greater effectthan the sum of their individual efforts. eg: The synergy of the team was able toachieve, what individuals in a group couldnot.
2) a) An abstract idea (an idea which we can-not see or feel – the plan is taking shape inhis mind, and we can’t see it).
b) a plan or intention. eg: He has the conceptof selling his house.
c) an idea to help sell something. eg: Hehelped her to sell the house.
3) The occasion on which Olympic Games areheld. Olympiad may also mean the compe-titions in intelligence that are held inschools and colleges.
4) a) Relating to or of a nature of an idol(NvޜÙ).
b) Depicting a winning sportsperson in anordinary style (·Þõª-ú£ªhìo vÚ©è¯-Ú¥-ô¢ª-è…E ÷«÷´-õªÞ¥ ú£êŸ\-JÙ-àŸè[Ù).
5) ISCON is the abbreviation for InternationalSociety for Krishna Consciousness, that is,the worship of Lord Krishna.
6) Cops = policemen. Cops were never thisscary = Cops were never so afraid. Scary =afraid.
[email protected]: Sir, explain the differences between
to have, having, having been andbeing too.
A: 1) To have = to own / possess some-thing.
2) Owning/ possessing something 3) Having been = being at some place
for sometime. eg: having been inMumbai for some time, he knowsHindi well.
4) Being = Remaining. Being in Calcutta forsome time, he knows Bengali.
[email protected]: Sir tell me the difference between the
words. 1) Linguist and Polyglot 2) Zoologist and Ethologist
A: 1) A linguist is a person who studies theorigin and science of language, whereas apolyglot is a person who knows and canspeak a number of languages.
2) A zoologist is a person who studies animals.An ethologist is a person who studies thebehaviour of animals and their natural liv-ing places.
[email protected]: Sir, please clarify my following doubts in
Telugu.1. Kindred spirit 2. Spokesperson3. Take away 4. Per se5. Inter se 6. Inter alia
A: 1) A person whose interests and attitudesare similar to another person (ÏÙÚ•-ÚÛJ Îö˺-àŸ-ìö˶ Ñìo ÷ªôÁ ÷ªEù‡) .
2) A person who is specially chosen to speakon behalf of his company or a group of peo-ple (ÚÛÙšíF êŸô¢-í£±ì Ú¥F, ÖÚÛ ñ”Ùë]Ù êŸô¢-í£±ì Ú¥F÷«æ°xè˶ ví£A-ECÅ).
3) Restaurant or a shop selling food to betaken and eaten somewhere (ë]ªÚ¥éÙ Ú¥F,Ë˺åöËÀ Ú¥F, ÏÙÚÁ-àÁ-æ¨Ú¨ Bú£ª-·ÚRx Aû¶ Î-ô¦EoÍt ë]ªÚ¥-é°õª).
4) By or in itself (ë¯ìÙ-êŸå Íë¶) 5) Between or among themselves (Ïë]Ì-Jö˺ Ú¥F,
ÍÙêŸ-ÚÛÙç˶ ÓÚÛª\-÷-÷ªÙ-Cö˺ Ú¥F) 6) Among other things. (ÏêŸô¢ Nù£-óŸ«-õêÁ ÚÛLí‡)
îμ³ë]æ̈ ð§ôÈ¢Ù ìªÙ# Ïí£pæ÷̈ô¢ÚÛª ví£àŸªJêŸîμªiì þ¼p·Úû ÏÙTxùà ð§êŸ ú£Ù#ÚÛõ ÚÁú£Ù àŸ«è[Ùè…...
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1. Cordial = Friendly and polite (›úo-í£²-ô¢y-ÚÛÙÞ¥, ÷ªô¦u-ë]Þ¥ ÑÙè[åÙ). eg: He invited allhis friends in a cordial manner to his mar-riage.
Cordial X Hostile (Unfriendly (NªvêŸ-òÅ°÷Ùö˶E) eg: She was very hostile to the guests
who visited her home. 2. Reflective = Thoughtful (Îö˺-àŸ-ìêÁ ÚÛ«è…ì).
eg: Reflective parents often think beforethey scold their children.
Reflective X Thoughtless (Îö˺-àŸì ö˶E). eg: The teacher was thoughtless in punishing
the children. 3. Scrutiny = Close examination (EPêŸ í£K¤Û).
eg: The idea the members proposed isunder the scrutiny of the committee.
Scrutiny X Browse (read something withoutclose examination – ÔëÁ šíjšíjì àŸC-î�¶-óŸªè[Ù)eg: He often browses through the newspaper
without reading the news in depth.
4. Prerogative = A special right (ví£ê¶uÚÛÚÛª\). eg: The members of the Parliamentand of the Assemblies of India enjoy anumber of prerogatives.
Prerogative X Restriction (EñÙ-ëÅ]ì). eg: Thepeople in the custody of the police experi-ence a number of restrictions. 5. Unpalatable = Unpleasant (ÍÙêŸ Îx-ë]-ÚÛô¢Ù
Ú¥E). eg: The news that he told me wasvery unpalatable.
Unpalatable X Pleasant (Îx-ë]-ÚÛ-ô¢-îμªiì). eg: The news he gave us is really pleasant.
[email protected]: Sir, explain what is the difference of
1) I would play cricket in my schooldays 2) I used to play cricket in my schooldays
A: I would play cricket in my school days = Iliked to play and played cricket in myschool days and played.
H I used to play cricket in my school days =I was a regular player of cricket in myschool days.
[email protected]: Sir, could you explain could/ would/
should/ have been with examples? A: Could have been = capable of doing some-
thing, but did not do it (à¶óŸª-Þœ-LU à¶óŸª-ö˶-ÚÛ-ð¼-÷è[Ù). He could have been the chief min-ister, if he had wanted, but he did notbecome.
Would have been = There was a possibility ofhis being the Secretary, but he did not become(ÍêŸè[ª šúvÚÛ-åK Íó¶ªu Í÷-Ú¥øŒÙ Ñû¦o Î í£E à¶óŸª-ö˶ë]ª). Should have been = He should havebeen here at 10 O’clock. (but he was not here– í£CÙ-æ¨Ú¨ ÏÚÛ\è[ ÑÙè¯L, Ú¥F ö˶è[ª)
1002 Gerund can be used in.. VOCABULARY
Last week Exercise Answers1) comes 2) are discussing 3) does know (= knows) 4) did go (went) 5) do know (= know) 6) shall do 7) has 8) do know (= know) 9) does sing (= sings) 10) can find. 11) will come 12) can sing 13) should do 14) may come 15) must go
- M. Suresan
Writer:
Mail your questions to:[email protected]
Conditionals & Imaginary Past: A condi-tional clause is a clause (a group of wordswith a verb) expressing a condition. There arethree conditional clauses: 1) Probable present2) Improbable present and 3) Imaginary past.
Probable present expresses something thathas the possibility of happening now. eg: If hecomes here, we shall all be happy. (His com-ing is possible, and we all feeling happy isalso possible) H Improbable present: This is something
which will not happen. eg: If he were herenow, we would discuss the matter with him.
(He is not here now, and so there is noquestion of our discussing it).
H Imaginary past: This is past and there isno question of it happening again. eg: If hehad come home, his mother would havebeen happy. Well, these are the conditional clauses.
More in the next lesson.
Grammar
[email protected]: Sir, could you please tell me when we
use simple past and past perfect tense?A: We use simple past for a past action at a
definite time in the past (Went, sang,wrote etc). eg: He met me last night. The past perfect is used when one past
action takes place before another past action.eg: By the time he arrived there the bus hadgone. That is, by the time he reached the busstand, the bus had left.
[email protected]: Respected sir, I request you to kindly
explain briefly about Gerund form andits uses.
A: A gerund is a verbal noun. It can be used,in the form of a noun, as the subject of asentence, object of a verb, object of apreposition, etc. eg: Smoking is a badhabit. Here, smoking, the subject of the sen-
tence is a gerund. He likes singing songs.Here, singing songs is a gerund, as it is theobject of the verb, likes. He started immedi-ately with the idea of going home. Here‘going’ is a gerund because it is the object ofthe preposition, ‘of’. So an ‘ing’ form used asthe subject of a sentence, object of a verb,object of a preposition, etc., are gerunds.
[email protected]: Sir, where is coma and apostrophe
used?A: The comma is used after every word in a
list of things. eg: He bought a car, a bike,and a house. The apostrophe and s areused to indicate someone having some-thing. eg: This is Nikhila’s book = Thisbook belongs to Nikhila.
