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Why did the Europeans imperialize and colonize Africa? Neo-colonialism What was important to Europeans when decolonizing? – ability to continue to control these nations $$$
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“. . . I saw that the whole solution to this problem lay in political freedom for our people, for it is only when a people are politically free that other races can give them the respect that is due to them. It is impossible to talk of equality of races in any other terms. No people without a government of their own can expect to be treated on the same level as peoples of independent sovereign states. It is far better to be free to govern or misgovern yourself than to be governed by anybody else. . . .”— Kwame Nkrumah
What else does a new nation need besides self-determination to be successful?
Aim: How was the Congo an example of a failure of
decolonization?
Why did the Europeans imperialize and colonize Africa?
Neo-colonialism
What was important to Europeans when decolonizing? – ability to continue to control these nations
$$$
Legacy of Imperialism• The boundary problem – no natural states –
ethnic and tribal divisions
Ethnicity in Western Africa
Ethnicity in Nigeria
Nigeria is bigger than Greece, Hungary, Rumania, Bulgaria, Serbia and Croatia combined
Ethnic Division in
Congo (Minimized)
Ethnic Divisions
(Overstated)
Legacies of Imperialism• The boundary problem – no natural states –
ethnic and tribal divisions• No education – Ghana – population of 15
million; 300 7th graders in 1960• No preparation for independence – no
leaders who can unite nations• US, Britain, France preferred leaders who
could be controlled to continue western economic domination
Congo is the size of the Louisiana Purchase; Slightly
smaller than India;
2/3 the size of the European
Union
Congo: All natural resources; still tied to
former colonial power
Colonel Mobutu President Mobutu
Which of Fanon’s “phases” in each picture?
Legacies of Imperialism
• Leaders only interested in enriching themselves and plunder – no interest in national development
• No connections between the leaders and the people• All or most of the industry in the nation is owned
and controlled by foreign companies• No economic or cultural cohesion• One product economies – no diversification,
generally low technology raw materials • All technical knowledge and expertise stays in
hands of foreigners
Social Indicators
Social Indicators
Social Indicators
Rebel Held Areas
Rebellions based on both ethnicity and “warlordism” - control of resources