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© imec 2006 A Scalable Programmable Baseband Platform for Energy- Efficient Reactive Software- Defined-Radio B. Bougard (presenter), D. Novo, F. Naessens, L. Hollevoet, T. Schuster, M Glassee, A. Dejonghe, L. Van der Perre CrownCom 2006 Mykonos, Greece June 9, 2006

© imec 2006 A Scalable Programmable Baseband Platform for Energy-Efficient Reactive Software-Defined-Radio B. Bougard (presenter), D. Novo, F. Naessens,

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Page 1: © imec 2006 A Scalable Programmable Baseband Platform for Energy-Efficient Reactive Software-Defined-Radio B. Bougard (presenter), D. Novo, F. Naessens,

© imec 2006

A Scalable Programmable Baseband Platform for Energy-Efficient

Reactive Software-Defined-Radio

B. Bougard (presenter), D. Novo, F. Naessens, L. Hollevoet, T. Schuster, M Glassee, A. Dejonghe, L. Van der Perre

CrownCom 2006Mykonos, Greece

June 9, 2006

Page 2: © imec 2006 A Scalable Programmable Baseband Platform for Energy-Efficient Reactive Software-Defined-Radio B. Bougard (presenter), D. Novo, F. Naessens,

© imec 2006 CONFIDENTIAL

A user’s dream:Anything, anywhere, anytime

Fixed wirelessaccess802.16

Publichot-spot802.11

OfficeWLAN802.11

Higher Rate Cellular Mobile

DVB-HDAB

Tomorrow’s

new standard

?

Page 3: © imec 2006 A Scalable Programmable Baseband Platform for Energy-Efficient Reactive Software-Defined-Radio B. Bougard (presenter), D. Novo, F. Naessens,

© imec 2006 CONFIDENTIAL

Today’s solution: multiple radios

Page 4: © imec 2006 A Scalable Programmable Baseband Platform for Energy-Efficient Reactive Software-Defined-Radio B. Bougard (presenter), D. Novo, F. Naessens,

© imec 2006 CONFIDENTIAL

All cost factors direct us towards SDRs

$ Silicon Area

$ #components

$ Volume

$ Time-to-Market

$ Various NRE

Software Defined Radio

Page 5: © imec 2006 A Scalable Programmable Baseband Platform for Energy-Efficient Reactive Software-Defined-Radio B. Bougard (presenter), D. Novo, F. Naessens,

© imec 2006 CONFIDENTIAL

SDR: a wireless dream come true?

SDR

Page 6: © imec 2006 A Scalable Programmable Baseband Platform for Energy-Efficient Reactive Software-Defined-Radio B. Bougard (presenter), D. Novo, F. Naessens,

© imec 2006 CONFIDENTIAL

Outline

Reactive SDR platform requirements

State-of-the-art

Design methodology for flexibility and low energy

Reactive radio platform architecture

Scalable platform interconnect

Reactive digital front-end

Coarse-Grain Array based baseband processor

Radio Control processor

Preliminary design results

Page 7: © imec 2006 A Scalable Programmable Baseband Platform for Energy-Efficient Reactive Software-Defined-Radio B. Bougard (presenter), D. Novo, F. Naessens,

© imec 2006 CONFIDENTIAL

Outline

Reactive SDR platform requirements

State-of-the-art

Design methodology for flexibility and low energy

Reactive radio platform architecture

Scalable platform interconnect

Reactive digital front-end

Coarse-Grain Array based baseband processor

Radio Control processor

Preliminary design results

Page 8: © imec 2006 A Scalable Programmable Baseband Platform for Energy-Efficient Reactive Software-Defined-Radio B. Bougard (presenter), D. Novo, F. Naessens,

© imec 2006 CONFIDENTIAL

Reactive Software defined radio: definition

Base-station SDR (90% SoA)

Terminal SDR -> hot topic

- Single-mode Terminal SDR

- Multi-mode Terminal SDR

- Mode-configurable

- Reactive radio

- Cognitive radio

Tier 1 – Software

Controlled Radio

Tier 2 – SoftwareDefined Radio

Tier 3 – Ideal

Software Radio

Tier 4 – Ultimate

Software Radio

Tier 0

Hardware Radio

Page 9: © imec 2006 A Scalable Programmable Baseband Platform for Energy-Efficient Reactive Software-Defined-Radio B. Bougard (presenter), D. Novo, F. Naessens,

© imec 2006 CONFIDENTIAL

Required Reactive radio platform features

Low Cost

Energy Aware Spectrum Aware

Long HW lifespan

Short SW deployment time

Scalable HW/SW

Energy scalable HW

Energy scalable algorithms

Energy scalable SW mapping

Techno-aware energy managnt

Versatile RX FE architecture

Versatile TX FE architecture

Powerful MAC/RLC/QoS Ctrl

Page 10: © imec 2006 A Scalable Programmable Baseband Platform for Energy-Efficient Reactive Software-Defined-Radio B. Bougard (presenter), D. Novo, F. Naessens,

© imec 2006 CONFIDENTIAL

Outline

Reactive SDR platform requirements

State-of-the-art

Design methodology for flexibility and low energy

Reactive radio platform architecture

Scalable platform interconnect

Reactive digital front-end

Coarse-Grain Array based baseband processor

Radio Control processor

Preliminary design results

Page 11: © imec 2006 A Scalable Programmable Baseband Platform for Energy-Efficient Reactive Software-Defined-Radio B. Bougard (presenter), D. Novo, F. Naessens,

© imec 2006 CONFIDENTIAL

SDR State-of-the-art: no global approach

Page 12: © imec 2006 A Scalable Programmable Baseband Platform for Energy-Efficient Reactive Software-Defined-Radio B. Bougard (presenter), D. Novo, F. Naessens,

© imec 2006 CONFIDENTIAL

SDR State-of-the-art: no global approach

Basebandprocessor

MPSOC

Mixed signal platform

Single thread

Static multi-thread

Dynamic multi-thread

Scope

Concurrency

Management

Mapping

productivity

Single-modereconfigurable

Reactive

multi-mode

Cognitiveradio

Performance

1-10Mbps

10-100Mbps

100-1000Mbps

ASM

Processor C

Platform C

Energy efficiency

[Mips/mW]

5

50

500

Page 13: © imec 2006 A Scalable Programmable Baseband Platform for Energy-Efficient Reactive Software-Defined-Radio B. Bougard (presenter), D. Novo, F. Naessens,

© imec 2006 CONFIDENTIAL

SDR State-of-the-art: no global approach

Basebandprocessor

MPSOC

Mixed signal platform

Single thread

Static multi-thread

Dynamic multi-thread

Scope

Concurrency

Management

Mapping

productivity

Single-modereconfigurable

Reactive

multi-mode

Cognitiveradio

Performance

1-10Mbps

10-100Mbps

100-1000Mbps

ASM

Processor C

Platform C

Energy efficiency

TI

5

50

500

Page 14: © imec 2006 A Scalable Programmable Baseband Platform for Energy-Efficient Reactive Software-Defined-Radio B. Bougard (presenter), D. Novo, F. Naessens,

© imec 2006 CONFIDENTIAL

SDR State-of-the-art: no global approach

Basebandprocessor

MPSOC

Mixed signal platform

Single thread

Static multi-thread

Dynamic multi-thread

Scope

Concurrency

Management

Mapping

productivity

Single-modereconfigurable

Reactive

multi-mode

Cognitiveradio

Performance

1-10Mbps

10-100Mbps

100-1000Mbps

ASM

Processor C

Platform C

Energy efficiency

Sandbridge5

50

500

Page 15: © imec 2006 A Scalable Programmable Baseband Platform for Energy-Efficient Reactive Software-Defined-Radio B. Bougard (presenter), D. Novo, F. Naessens,

© imec 2006 CONFIDENTIAL

SDR State-of-the-art: no global approach

Basebandprocessor

MPSOC

Mixed signal platform

Single thread

Static multi-thread

Dynamic multi-thread

Scope

Concurrency

Management

Mapping

productivity

Single-modereconfigurable

Reactive

multi-mode

Cognitiveradio

Performance

1-10Mbps

10-100Mbps

100-1000Mbps

ASM

Processor C

Platform C

Energy efficiencyICERA

5

50

500

Page 16: © imec 2006 A Scalable Programmable Baseband Platform for Energy-Efficient Reactive Software-Defined-Radio B. Bougard (presenter), D. Novo, F. Naessens,

© imec 2006 CONFIDENTIAL

SDR State-of-the-art: no global approach

Basebandprocessor

MPSOC

Mixed signal platform

Single thread

Static multi-thread

Dynamic multi-thread

Scope

Concurrency

Management

Mapping

productivity

Single-modereconfigurable

Reactive

multi-mode

Cognitiveradio

Performance

1-10Mbps

10-100Mbps

100-1000Mbps

ASM

Processor C

Platform C

Energy efficiency

SH5

50

Page 17: © imec 2006 A Scalable Programmable Baseband Platform for Energy-Efficient Reactive Software-Defined-Radio B. Bougard (presenter), D. Novo, F. Naessens,

© imec 2006 CONFIDENTIAL

SDR State-of-the-art: no global approach

Basebandprocessor

MPSOC

Mixed signal platform

Single thread

Static multi-thread

Dynamic multi-thread

Scope

Concurrency

Management

Mapping

productivity

Single-modereconfigurable

Reactive

multi-mode

Cognitiveradio

Performance

1-10Mbps

10-100Mbps

100-1000Mbps

ASM

Processor C

Platform C

Energy efficiency

EVP5

50

500

Page 18: © imec 2006 A Scalable Programmable Baseband Platform for Energy-Efficient Reactive Software-Defined-Radio B. Bougard (presenter), D. Novo, F. Naessens,

© imec 2006 CONFIDENTIAL

SDR State-of-the-art: no global approach

Basebandprocessor

MPSOC

Mixed signal platform

Single thread

Static multi-thread

Dynamic multi-thread

Scope

Concurrency

Management

Mapping

productivity

Single-modereconfigurable

Reactive

multi-mode

Cognitiveradio

Performance

1-10Mbps

10-100Mbps

100-1000Mbps

ASM

Processor C

Platform C

Energy efficiencySODA

5

50

500

Page 19: © imec 2006 A Scalable Programmable Baseband Platform for Energy-Efficient Reactive Software-Defined-Radio B. Bougard (presenter), D. Novo, F. Naessens,

© imec 2006 CONFIDENTIAL

SDR State-of-the-art: no global approach

Basebandprocessor

MPSOC

Mixed signal platform

Single thread

Static multi-thread

Dynamic multi-thread

Scope

Concurrency

Management

Mapping

productivity

Single-modereconfigurable

Reactive

multi-mode

Cognitiveradio

Performance

1-10Mbps

10-100Mbps

100-1000Mbps

ASM

Processor C

Platform C

Energy efficiency

5

50

500

Page 20: © imec 2006 A Scalable Programmable Baseband Platform for Energy-Efficient Reactive Software-Defined-Radio B. Bougard (presenter), D. Novo, F. Naessens,

© imec 2006 CONFIDENTIAL

SDR State-of-the-art: no global approach

Basebandprocessor

MPSOC

Mixed signal platform

Single thread

Static multi-thread

Dynamic multi-thread

Scope

Concurrency

Management

Mapping

productivity

Single-modereconfigurable

Reactive

multi-mode

Cognitiveradio

Performance

1-10Mbps

10-100Mbps

100-1000MbpsASM

Processor C

Platform C

Energy efficiency

Objective

5

50

500

Page 21: © imec 2006 A Scalable Programmable Baseband Platform for Energy-Efficient Reactive Software-Defined-Radio B. Bougard (presenter), D. Novo, F. Naessens,

© imec 2006 CONFIDENTIAL

Unique approach:Making flexibility rhyme with low-energy

Energy scalable- front-end- baseband platform- air interface algorithm- protocols

Joint quality-of-experienceand energy managementto translate energy scalability in low power operation

Page 22: © imec 2006 A Scalable Programmable Baseband Platform for Energy-Efficient Reactive Software-Defined-Radio B. Bougard (presenter), D. Novo, F. Naessens,

© imec 2006 CONFIDENTIAL

Outline

Reactive SDR platform requirements

State-of-the-art

Design methodology for flexibility and low energy

Reactive radio platform architecture

Reactive digital front-end

Coarse-Grain Array based baseband processor

Radio Control processor

Preliminary design results

Page 23: © imec 2006 A Scalable Programmable Baseband Platform for Energy-Efficient Reactive Software-Defined-Radio B. Bougard (presenter), D. Novo, F. Naessens,

© imec 2006 CONFIDENTIAL

Opportunistic partitioning

Typical Wireless LAN: Typical Cellular scenario:

Transmit 5% Transmit .5%

Receive 5% Receive .5%

Idle/Listen 90% Idle/Listen 99%

Approach: Flexibility where needed

Ultra Low Power generic / low flexible listen/scan circuitry (Digital Front End)

Processor-based Digital Transceiver with aggressive power management

Processor power-overhead amortized by low utilization!

Page 24: © imec 2006 A Scalable Programmable Baseband Platform for Energy-Efficient Reactive Software-Defined-Radio B. Bougard (presenter), D. Novo, F. Naessens,

© imec 2006 CONFIDENTIAL

Systematic methodology to design energy-aware SDR platform and software

Application analysis and modeling

Platform independent optimization

Opportunisticpartitioning

Platform architecturedefinition

Inter-thread communication and RT management Interconnect refinement

Threads implementation

Cores Uarchitecturerefinement

Virtual platform modeling

SW mapping HW design

Page 25: © imec 2006 A Scalable Programmable Baseband Platform for Energy-Efficient Reactive Software-Defined-Radio B. Bougard (presenter), D. Novo, F. Naessens,

© imec 2006 CONFIDENTIAL

Resulting platform template

DFE tile SyncPro

DFE tile SyncPro

DFE tile SyncPro

BW optimizedscalable

interconnect

Platform &

MAC ctrl

BB engine

BB engine

FEC engine

L2 Periphand HI

‘white box’ design environment:• true ESL flow • scalable retargetable virtual platform• Smooth HW/SW co-design, verification and test flow

SDR-tuned CGA:• C compiler• high performance- power ratio • ILP vs. DLP tradeoff

Digital front end:• Solution for reactive radio • Ultra low power in standby

Scalability & Heterogeinity enabling flexibility @ low power through cross layer manager

Page 26: © imec 2006 A Scalable Programmable Baseband Platform for Energy-Efficient Reactive Software-Defined-Radio B. Bougard (presenter), D. Novo, F. Naessens,

© imec 2006 CONFIDENTIAL

Outline

Reactive SDR platform requirements

State-of-the-art

Design methodology for flexibility and low energy

Reactive radio platform architecture

Scalable platform interconnect

Reactive digital front-end

Coarse-Grain Array based baseband processor

Radio Control processor

Preliminary design results

Page 27: © imec 2006 A Scalable Programmable Baseband Platform for Energy-Efficient Reactive Software-Defined-Radio B. Bougard (presenter), D. Novo, F. Naessens,

© imec 2006 CONFIDENTIAL

Scalable platform interconnect

BB1 BB2 L2 mem

Page 28: © imec 2006 A Scalable Programmable Baseband Platform for Energy-Efficient Reactive Software-Defined-Radio B. Bougard (presenter), D. Novo, F. Naessens,

© imec 2006 CONFIDENTIAL

ESL flow provides efficient debug/profiling/recycle environment

Coware CSCTM

Page 29: © imec 2006 A Scalable Programmable Baseband Platform for Energy-Efficient Reactive Software-Defined-Radio B. Bougard (presenter), D. Novo, F. Naessens,

© imec 2006 CONFIDENTIAL

Digital Front-end: Scalable autonomous detection/synchronization units

Multiple detection tiles allowing flexible support for MIMO reception and/or multi-mode scanning.

Tiles’ datapath is straight-through (no processor or controller is part of the data path).

Digital signal detection is performed in an application specific processor in each tile.

Hierarchical activation and configuration is performed by a global resource activity controller (RAC).

5mW active power per (re)active tile (CMOS90)

Page 30: © imec 2006 A Scalable Programmable Baseband Platform for Energy-Efficient Reactive Software-Defined-Radio B. Bougard (presenter), D. Novo, F. Naessens,

© imec 2006 CONFIDENTIAL

Hierarchical activation

Key idea: gradually enable the more power-consuming parts of the platform as the chance of a valid signal reception increases.

Probability ofsignal detection

Power consumption

off AGC Timesync

Packetdecoding

Probability ofsignal detection

Power consumption

off AGC Timesync

Packetdecoding

Page 31: © imec 2006 A Scalable Programmable Baseband Platform for Energy-Efficient Reactive Software-Defined-Radio B. Bougard (presenter), D. Novo, F. Naessens,

© imec 2006 CONFIDENTIAL

Synchronization Processor Micro-architecture optimized for ultra-low-power

CMOS 90 nm design

80MHz

< 0.1 mW/MHz @ 0.7V including instruction fetch and load/store

Page 32: © imec 2006 A Scalable Programmable Baseband Platform for Energy-Efficient Reactive Software-Defined-Radio B. Bougard (presenter), D. Novo, F. Naessens,

© imec 2006 CONFIDENTIAL

Select the right baseband processor

a tightly integrated combination of

a VLIW DSP and a Coarse Grain Array

a dedicated ISA exploited DLP (intrinsic-

controlled SIMD) a compiler to map applications described in C directly on these architectures

Baseband processing is dataflow dominated

Baseband processing is computing intensive (4 op/memory access)

Wireless requires low power

CGA provides dense interconnection network matching DF

CGA achieves very high IPC

CGA provides low power through low instruction fetch freq.

Low TTM requires programming ease

Page 33: © imec 2006 A Scalable Programmable Baseband Platform for Energy-Efficient Reactive Software-Defined-Radio B. Bougard (presenter), D. Novo, F. Naessens,

© imec 2006 CONFIDENTIAL

Baseband architecture: ADRES

400MHz core

200-400MHz L1

25GOPS effective

64MOPS/mW

3 mm2 (with L1)

FetchInstruction Dispatch

Instruction Decode

Central Registerfile

FU FU FU

RC RC RC

RC RC RC

RC RC RC

Support IEEE 802.11n

Page 34: © imec 2006 A Scalable Programmable Baseband Platform for Energy-Efficient Reactive Software-Defined-Radio B. Bougard (presenter), D. Novo, F. Naessens,

© imec 2006 CONFIDENTIAL

Outline

Reactive SDR platform requirements

State-of-the-art

Design methodology for flexibility and low energy

Reactive radio platform architecture

Reactive digital front-end

Coarse-Grain Array based baseband processor

Radio Control processor

Preliminary design results

Page 35: © imec 2006 A Scalable Programmable Baseband Platform for Energy-Efficient Reactive Software-Defined-Radio B. Bougard (presenter), D. Novo, F. Naessens,

© imec 2006 CONFIDENTIAL

Preliminary design results

MAC/cognitive controller

DFE Tile

Baseband CGA Tile

Outer modem

Tile Sleep (mW) 0 0 0 0 Idle (mW) 0.5 0.2 4 1 Active (mW) 50 20 400 100 Sleep->Idle 100 microseconds Idle->active 1 microsecond

IEEE802.11n IEEE802.16e DVB-H Standby 3 mW 2 mW 10mW Active max 300mW 70mW 200mW

Page 36: © imec 2006 A Scalable Programmable Baseband Platform for Energy-Efficient Reactive Software-Defined-Radio B. Bougard (presenter), D. Novo, F. Naessens,

© imec 2006 CONFIDENTIAL

Conclusions

CR spectrum data mining and agile air interface requirements claim for SDR implementations

To be viable, a SDR platform must be both low cost and low power First step toward CR SDR platform: reactive radio platform Heterogeneous MPSoC is best fit approach for SDR due to variety of

task requirements. Energy-scalable design coupled with adaptive joint QoS and energy

management are the keys to bring flexibility and energy-efficiency together

We proposed a methodology to design energy-scalable SDR MPSoC architecture with balanced tradeoff between cost, energy efficiency and flexibility

We are designing such SoC targeting 802.11n, 802.16e and 3GPP-LTE standards (>100Mbps)

First results: 90 nm CMOS 2 Mgates 2-10mW standby power (when reactive to at least one air interface) <300mW average power when operating a standard

Page 37: © imec 2006 A Scalable Programmable Baseband Platform for Energy-Efficient Reactive Software-Defined-Radio B. Bougard (presenter), D. Novo, F. Naessens,

© imec 2006 CONFIDENTIAL

Thank you!