英国电视新闻与节目研发暑期课程 介绍 Introduction

戴雨果教授 , 中国媒体中心维斯敏斯特大学

梁启超和19世纪为解放和统一意大利的复兴运动

PURPOSE IDENTIFY SOME KEY CULTURAL

UNDERPINNINGS OF THE ENGLISH MEDIA

INTRODUCE SOME SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES BETWEEN CHINESE AND BRITISH JOURNALISM

EXPLAIN THE POSITION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF WESTMINSTER IN THE STUDY OF THE MEDIA IN THE WEST

目的 解释英国媒体的主要文化基础 介绍中国和英国的媒体的某些区别和相似 说明威敏大学在西方媒体学圈的位置

CONTENTS THE STUDY OF THE MEDIA HERE THE ENGLISH MEDIA – OUTLINE THE ORIGINS OF ENGLISH JOURNALISM THE CRISIS OF THE ENGLISH MEDIA

TODAY CURRENT ISSUES IN THE ENGLISH

MEDIA SIMILARITIES & DIFFERENCES, CHINA

AND ENGLAND

如何介绍这些材 威敏大学的媒体研究 英国媒体简单介绍 英国新闻的原来 当代英国媒体的危机 当代英国媒体问题 中国和英国的媒体的某些区别和相似

THE STUDY OF THE MEDIA HERE

UK 50 universities with media departments University of Westminster has undergraduate

and postgraduate degrees in many areas of media study, from Management to PR

CAMRI [Communications And Media Research Institute], leading media research organisation in the UK

CAMRI has centres on Audiences; BBC History; Chinese Media; the Arab Media; UK Media Policy; Indian Media; (Africa); (Journalism)

中国传媒中心 China Media Centre Research centre; home for Visiting

Scholars; focus for MA and PhD students

Responsible for this course and courses on UK media for Chinese media visitors and students

Courses/lectures/seminars/interviews on the Chinese media for Europeans

THE ENGLISH MEDIA – OUTLINE

英国媒体简单介绍

Characteristics of media 1

Newspapers and magazines have no government connection

BBC (TV and Radio) an independent public body Government appoints chairman of advisory

board Parliament votes a grant every 10 years

Commercial TV & Commercial Radio include many independent commercial companies Government agency awards franchises in open

competition

媒体机构的主要特点 1 报纸，杂志完全独立的 BBC （电视，电台）‘独立公共’机构

政府任命咨询委员会主席 议会每 10 年投票通过自主金额

独立电视及电台是独立的商业机构 有一个公开的竞争中，各公司必须争取某地区的传播和某时间的传播的特许经营

Characteristics of media 2

London dominance Separation from political parties Variety/diversity High consumption Professionalism High proportion of freelances

媒体的特点 2 伦敦的支配 独立于政党之外 多样、多元 高消费 专业主义 自由记者多

Newspapers – national

Newspapers – national

Broadsheets Variety: Financial Times, The Guardian,

The Daily Telegraph, The Independent, The Times

Middle marketExpress, Daily Mail

Tabloids The Sun, Mirror

报纸 - 国家性的 大报

金融时代，卫报，每日电讯，独立报，泰晤士抱 中产阶级市场

快讯报，每日邮报 小报

太阳报，镜报

Newspapers - regional

Newspapers - regional 1,351 regional and local newspapers 9 out of 10 adults read a

regional/local newspaper The second biggest advertising

medium in Britain

报纸—地区性的 1351 地区性和当地的报纸 10 个成人中有 9 个在读这种地区性 / 当地的报纸 英国第二大的广告媒介

报纸—所有权

News International (Rupert Murdoch) 37%

Associated Newspapers plc 19%

Mirror Group 19%

报纸—所有权 别的 25%

TELEVISION

Television - system National terrestrial

BBC 1 BBC 2 C3 (15 Regional companies) also called ITV

(Independent Television) C4 C5

Other Satellite Cable

BBC Television Centre

电视—系统 国家性的范围

BBC 1 BBC 2 C3 (15 个地区性的公司 ) C4 C5

其它的 卫星 有线 数字网络 (30; 人口 86% 会受到数字服务）

Television - characteristics Public service requirements

Funding BBC funded by Licence Fee Other channels funded by advertising

Franchising ITV divided into regions

Production/transmission divide

Licence fee & other income

Transmission

广播的观众份额

电视—特点 公共服务要求 资金来源

BBC—许可费 独立公司— 广告费

特许经营 独立公司 分部在不同的区域中

制播分离

MEDIA ： conclusion Media are diverse in how organised Media are diverse in approach Media relations with government are

distant

THE ORIGINS OF ENGLISH JOURNALISM

英国媒体的起源

Germs spread by journalism

Positive characteristics of journalism today

Critical (or negative?) Sensational Opinionated Analytical Responsive to market Powerful in public life

央视：大国崛起Among the cultural reasons given for

Britain’s rise in the 18th & 19th centuries were

Parliament had taken power from government

The culture was open to new ideas and arguments

The culture was innovative and creative

3 features of English culture fundamental to media

Rule of Law 法治 传统

The adversarial tradition‘ 对抗’传统

Idea of media as foundation of society‘媒体为社会的基础’观念

自由是国家强盛的条件 , 新闻是保证这种自由

的途径 .

John Milton 弥尔顿1644年的 ‘On Freedom of the Press’论出版自由

1642 年： 英国内战

Execution of the King 1649

19cy Mass Market 大众市场

20cy ： Professionalisation专业化 Reporting Analysis Investigative journalism Features (‘Colour’) Specialist correspondents

(Education, Law, Military Affairs, Industry, Environment)

Public service imperative

The Idea of the Reporter

War correspondent

Investigative journalism

Investigative Journalism

Reveals wrong, especially those in positions of responsibility

Creates examples of good/bad practice Serves the public interest by

‘supervising’ government Instigates legislation

ScopeUK Business Environment Government policy Corruption Foreign policy Social issues

(exploitation) Bad practice in public

services

CHINA Business Environment Policy implementation Corruption Social issues

(exploitation) Bad practice in public

services

Most famous achievements

1890s Stead [child prostitution]

1960/70s Poulson [corruption in building projects]

1970s Sunday Times: Thalidomide [pharmaceuticals]

1990s The Observer: Cash for Questions [political corruption]

2009 The Daily Telegraph Expenses [political corruption]

THE CRISIS OF THE ENGLISH MEDIA TODAY

Decreasing audiences, fierce competition

Alternative media Less fact, more entertainment

[tabloidization] therefore a poorly informed public sphere

Blamed for cynicism about politics, low voter turnout, less political participation

观众减少 , 竞争激烈 事实性报道减少 , 娱乐新闻增加 , 导致公众获得的有用信息减少 【小报化】 媒体被谴责为导致民众对政治愤世嫉俗 , 选民出现率降低 , 政治参与率降低 另类（替代性）媒体的出现

英国媒体危机

CURRENT ISSUES IN THE ENGLISH MEDIA

Is there no longer a ‘public service ethos’?

Can the method of funding the BBC continue?

Is newspaper conglomeration destroying variety?

Does foreign ownership of media harm us?

Can ‘tabloidization’ be limited?

目前的问题 公共服务的精神是在危机中吗？ 对 BBC 资金的支持方式可以继续吗？ 报纸的聚集性会损害多样性吗？ 媒体的所有权被外国所拥有会对我们有伤害吗？ ‘ 小报化’能被限制吗？

SIMILARITIES & DIFFERENCES, CHINA AND ENGLAND 中英调查新闻的异同

SIMILARITIES & DIFFERENCES, CHINA AND ENGLAND 中英调查新闻的异同

Media: Points of difference?媒体：差异点 国家参与的程度 Degrees of state involvement 商业影响的程度 Degree of commercial influence 媒体的角色 Role(s) of media 记者理念 / 专业主义的本质 Concept of the journalist/nature of

‘professionalism’

Media: Similarities媒体：相似点Inform 信息Supervise 舆论监Public service 公共服务Commercialinfluences 商业影响

Investigative journalism 调查新闻

Common issues新闻：共同问题 媒体权利与责任的不一致 Disparity: the ‘power’ of the media and its

responsibility 公共服务新闻的衰退 Decline of public service journalism 记者的腐败 Corruption of journalists 公共生活的一些负面影响 Negative effect on public life 与网络新闻的关系 Relationship with web-based journalism

谢谢大家