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Introduction to Figurative Language

+Journal Entry

+Why are we learning this?

Shakespeare was not only a playwright, he was a poet

Romeo and Juliet written in iambic pentameter Known as traditional verse Unstressed followed by a

stressed syllable

In poetry, figurative language is used A LOT

+Alliteration

Repetition of the same sounds or of the same kinds of sounds within a phrase or sentence

Examples: Peter Piper Picked a Peck of Pickled

Peppers How much wood could a woodchuck

chuck if a woodchuck could chuck would?

+Assonance

A type of alliteration

Repetition of vowel sounds to create internal rhyming within phrases or sentences

Examples: Pink Floyd: "I lie down by the side of my

bride"/"Fleet feet sweep by sleeping geese"/"Hear the lark and harden to the barking of the dark fox gone to ground”

“Men sell the wedding bells.”

+Consonance

A type of alliteration

Repetition of consonant sounds to create commonalities within phrases or sentences

Examples: She sells sea shells by the sea shore. Peter Piper

+Antithesis Two opposite ideas are put together in a sentence to

achieve a contrasting effect

Examples: “One small step for man, one giant leap for mankind.” Paradise Lost: “Better to reign in Hell, than to serve in

Heaven.”

+Hyperbole

A figure of speech that involves an exaggeration of ideas for the sake of emphasis

Examples: This suitcase weighs a ton! I’m so hungry, I could eat a horse!

+Check Point!

Divide into five groups

Each group will receive a short passage/ cartoon

Group’s job is to figure out which literary device it is

We will go over each example after groups have had time to collaborate!

+Irony

Figure of speech in which words are used in such a way that their intended meanings is different from the actual meaning of the words

Examples: Someone posting a video on YouTube about how boring and

useless YouTube is “Water, water, everywhere,

Nor any drop to drink.”

+Metaphor

Figure of speech that makes a comparison between two things or objects that are not normally compared to one another

Used to describe/imply

Examples: “Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?” My dog is a teddy bear because she’s so soft.

+Onomatopoeia

A word or phrase which imitates the natural sounds of the thing that it is describing

Examples: Moo Meow Pow!

+Oxymoron

Figure of speech in which two opposite ideas are joined to create an effect.

Common oxymorons are a combination of an adjective with a noun with a contrasting meaning

Examples: The living dead Seriously funny

+Paradox

Statement that appears to be self contradictory or silly but is actually truthful

Makes the reader think

Different than an oxymoron: as an oxymoron is just two contradictory

words Oxymorons don’t have to make sense

Examples: Your enemy’s friend is your enemy. “What a pity that youth must be wasted on

the young.”

+Check Point!

I will show you five quotes from one of Shakespeare’s plays

Your job is to tell me which literary device (irony, metaphor, onomatopoeia, oxymoron, paradox) is being represented

First person who can tell me and explain why gets a prize!

+Passage Number One: Hamlet

“I must be cruel to be kind.”

+Passage Number Two: As You Like It

“All the world’s a stage, And all the men and women merely players. They have their exits and their entrances, And one man in his time plays many parts, His acts being seven ages.”

+Passage Number Three: The Tempest

“Hark, hark!Bow-wow.The watch-dogs bark!Bow-wow.Hark, hark! I hearThe strain of strutting chanticleerCry, ‘cock-a-diddle-dow!’”

+Passage Number Four: Romeo and Juliet

“Go ask his name: if he be married.My grave is like to be my wedding bed.”

+Passage Number Five: Julius Caesar

“fearful bravery”

+Personification Figure of speech in which a thing, idea, or animal is

given human attributes or characteristics

Examples: The flowers danced in the gentle breeze. The fire swallowed the entire forest

+Pun

A play on words in which a humorous effect is produced by using a word that suggests two or more meanings or by using similar sounding words having different meanings

Examples: An elephant’s opinion carries a lot of weight. A horse is a very stable animal

+Simile

Figure of speech that makes a comparison between two different things using “like” or “as”

Examples: “My love is like a red rose.” The soldiers were as brave as lions.

+Synecdoche

Figure of speech in which a part of something is used to represent the whole thing

Examples: Using the word “wheels” to refer to a car as a whole Using “threads” to refer to clothes

+Understatement A figure of speech designed to make something seem

less important than it really is

Examples: It is an understatement to claim that “it was a tiny bit cold

today” in the middle of a polar vortex It is an understatement to claim that “he could stand to

lose a few pounds” when referring to a 550 lb. man.

+Check Point!

Get in the same groups that you were in for the first check point.

Each group will be assigned a literary device (understatement, synecdoche, simile, pun, or personification”

Your group must come up with an example of their own

We will be sharing these!

+Review Activity!

Remember that story you had to write about the glow worm caves? Get it back out!

You will be re-writing this story (yes, re-writing the WHOLE story) using at least FIVE of the new literary devices we have learned

I want you to highlight these devices and label them as well on the sheet provided

You may use more than five if you would like!