Upload
peregrine-mcdowell
View
221
Download
2
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
End of the War and the Treaty of Versailles
Italy switches sides
Russia abandons the war (leaving Germany to fight on the western front)
Brest-Litovsk: peacetreaty between Russia and Germany
End of the War
1917 Sinking of Lusitania: after Germany
announces unrestricted submarine warfare, they sink a US passenger ship
Zimmerman Telegraph: intercepted telegraph that suggests that a Mexican attack on the US would be supported by Germany
US Enters the War
April 1918: 3 million German soldiers July 1918: Counter attack included American soldiers August 1918: Germans in total retreat, riots, revolts
broke out in Germany due to food shortages, some members of the Germany navy refused to go to sea
11th hour, 11th day of 11th month in 1918 Germany surrendered
Treaty of Versailles in signed a year later to mark official armistice
Canada, by virtue of its contributions in battle, earned a place at the table and a signature on the treaty
Germany’s Last Offensive
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=soFhWkxSZAY
Representations
Approx. 10 million soldiers died world wide Over 61,000 Canadian soldiers died Canada emerged as a nation on the world stage Post-war debt of $2 billion owed to Canadians Income tax More rights for women Government intervention in the lives of
Canadians increased: War measures act Specialized farming
Outcomes of the War
- took 6 months of negotiations- signed in the Versailles hall of mirrors
Paris Peace Conference
France (Clemenceau)- Germany should be
punished Wanted a harsh peace treaty- fear of revenge since
they shared a border Reparations, no army, stripped of wealth
America (Wilson)- wanted a generous 14 point treaty to avoid future conflict- peace not revenge included (1) national determination for all
(2) freedom of the seas (3) open peace treaties (4) League of Nations
Treaty of Versailles: Goals of Countries
Britain (Lloyd George) –agreed with French
and wanted a harsh treaty- also wanted stability to avoid
communism Germany – not included in negotiations
- expected a lenient agreement based on 14 points
- were shocked by the compromise agreement…
Treaty of Versailles: Goals of Countries
Military Controls1) German army is limited to 100,000 troops2) No air force3) Can only have small ships
Reparations1) Germany has to pay 132 billion marks and goods to Britain, France and Belgium
Treaty of VersaillesSigned June 28th,
1919
War Guilt Clause
- Germany was forced to sign a statement saying that they were the primary cause of the war
Geographical Terms1) Germany loses all of its colonies2) Alsace-Lorraine given to France3) Saar region (coal) was loaned to France for 15 years4) Parts of Eastern Germany given to Poland
Treaty of Versailles (2)
League of Nations is established:
organization intended to arbitrate international disputes and thereby avoid future wars
National determination for some: eg) Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia was established
Germany was given two choices: sign or be invaded by the allies (no choice at all)
Treaty of Versailles
After WW1, another 21 million people died in
1918 because of the Spanish flu
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tpzxNoLZx0w
http://www.cbc.ca/archives/categories/health/disease/influenza-battling-the-last-great-virus/surviving-the-spanish-lady.html
Spanish Flu
HS- What is the historical significance of this
treaty? Cause and Consequences: What are some
unintended consequences this treaty might have?
What are some of the economic and political implications of this treaty?
Historical Perspectives: How might Germany have felt having to sign this treaty?
Questions to Consider