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••••
•
.Geography Geographica Geo Graphica
"":
• : .
• : .
• :.
. ) (
.
.
.
) ()Greenwich(
.
.
THOMAS & ANDREWS.BOSTON. 1796
)(
) (
•
.
)Geographic Coordinate System(
EEastWWest.
.
.
A A
:60 E 55 N
90
)Projected Coordinate System (
.
AX1, Y1) (B)X2, Y2 (:
.
)Map Project(
.
Distance = (X1-X2)² + (Y1-Y2) ²2
GCS
GCS.
UTM)Universe Transverse Mercator ( )Zones (
GIS .
NS Zone
38 NZone 37 N.NAD27)North American Datum 1927 (
) ( ) (
)NAD27 (.
Zone 38 N
Zone 38 S
NAD27
NAD27
NAD83)North
American Datum1983 ( WGS84)World Geodetic System 1984( .
.
WGS84NAD83
WGS84NAD83
NAD27
WGS84
ArcGIS.
GCS NAD27
GCS WGS84
)Coordinate System(
)Transformation System()Map Projection System(
GCSor
UTM
NADor
WGS
ANAD27) X = 4928000m ,Y = 3688000m (
UTM WGS84 .
A
NAD27
4928000mX=
3688
000m
Y=
A
A
UTM WGS84
4928000mX=
3688
000m
Y=
A
•)Modeling our World:(
)Objects( ...
)Legend(
.
.
....
Arc GIS
.