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Lesson 1: Jamestown & the Virginia Colony
Jamestown & the Virginia Colony
Key Terms
Joint-stock company
Virginia Company John Smith John Rolfe Cash crop Tobacco
Powhatan House of
Burgesses Bacon’s Rebellion Indentured servant Slavery
What we want to know
Why was Jamestown founded? How did geography impact the
development of Virginia? What was the relationship between
the colonists and the Native Americans?
What allowed Jamestown to prosper? How was self-government developing
in Jamestown?
Motivation for founding Jamestown
Money Promise of gold for King James
& English government Land for small farmers pushed
off their land Land & wealth for younger
sons who couldn’t inherit More than a few of the early
explorers were younger sons on a quest for wealth and fame
Early Efforts at Colonization & theLost Colony of Roanoke
First effort: Newfoundland Roanoke – founded in 1585 by Sir
Walter Raleigh off coast of Virginia Croatoan
Founding of Jamestown
April 1607 Jamestown founded by a group of investors who formed The Virginia Company, a joint-stock company
The goal was to get rich quick. No one was thinking of long-term settlement
Jamestown became the 1st permanent English settlement in the Americas
Founding of Jamestown: The Colonists
The Colonists Most were single men Few had any practical skills like a knowledge
of farming, carpentry, etc. They planned to find gold and return to
England John Smith
Took over the colony in 1608 Pocahontas –Powhatan people help colonists
at first “He who shall not work shall not eat.”
PocahontasRebecca Rolfe
Founding of Jamestown
Conditions were terrible Mosquitoes spread diseases like malaria Colonists died of disease, malnutrition, &
starvation Many spent time looking for gold rather
than storing food & building shelter
Founding of Jamestwon
The “Starving Time,” Winter 1609-160 Only 60 of the 400 colonists survived (attempted
cannibalism) Colonist raided Native Americans to get food & this
increases tensions between the two groups 1610 Remaining colonists try to leave, but are
ordered by back by the new governor, Lord De La Warr
1625 Virginia Company was bankrupt & King James made Jamestown part of the royal colony of Virginia
In 1625 only 1200 out of 8,000 who had come to Virginia since 1607 were still alive
The English & the Native Americans
Relations remained tense & two major wars were fought
European diseases were the worst enemy of the Native Americans
By 1669, only 10% of the original Native American people who lived in Virginia remained
Evolution of Democracy in Virginia
1619 The Virginia Company started the House of Burgesses
Governor appointed men to the H of B, which was the first representative legislature in the colonies
Members had to be male, over 21, and own a certain amount of property
Jamestown & Tobacco
Tobacco was introduced to Europe in the 1580s & a smoking frenzy began
1612 John Rolfe introduced a hybrid tobacco with a smoother taste
By 1700, Virginia exported 40 million pounds of tobacco per year
Impact of Tobacco
Increased the need for land which caused colonists to move west
Increased the need for labor
How to get workers to Jamestown?
Head right system – a person who paid for another persons’ ticket to the new world got 50 acres of land
Indentured servants -- a person who could not afford the journey to America agreed to work for 7 to 14 years
Who were the indentured servants?
3/4s of Chesapeake Bay colonists were indentured servants Young, unskilled males A few were women & children
Masters provided food, clothing, and housing They were treated like slaves 2 out of 5 died before they finished their
indenture Most went to live on the frontier or returned
to England
Bacon’s Rebellion
Ex-indentured servants live on cheap frontier land
They had lots of conflicts with the Native Americans
They paid high taxes and wanted the governor of Virginia to send the army to protect them
Gov. William Berkley (fur trade) refused to send help when fighting between colonists on the frontier & Native Americans in 1676
Bacon’s Rebellion
Nathaniel Bacon led the former indentured servants on a march to Jamestown, capital of the Virginia colony
Bacon and the rebels got control of Jamestown
The governor ran away But Bacon died & the rebellion
ended
Why is Bacon’s Rebellion important?
Using slaves seemed better than indentured servants
Showed power of "common man“ (an important theme in American history)
Lesson 2: The Puritans Settle New England
Massachusetts and Rhode Island
Lesson 2 Vocabulary & Key Terms
Purify Puritans Separatists Plymouth Colony Pilgrims Mayflower
Compact Massachusetts Bay
Colony Port
Electorate General Court Dissenter Roger Williams Rhode Island Anne Hutchinson Treaty Metacom King Philip’s War
The New England Colonies
What We Want to Know
Why did the Puritans settle New England? What type of colony was New England? What was the relationship between the
Puritans and the Native Americans? What kind of government did the New
England colonies have? Why was the colony of Rhode Island
founded? What ended Native American power in
New England? What caused the Salem Witch Trials?
Settlement of the New England Colonies
The Puritans A religious group in England Wanted to “purify” the Church of
England of Catholic rituals Believed in hard work and community
Some Puritans said purifying the church was impossible, so they would have to separate from the Church of England These people were called Separatists
Plymouth Colony & the Mayflower Compact
Separatists called the Pilgrims came to America on the Mayflower. ½ the people on the Mayflower were
Pilgrims ½ were not . Mayflower Compact – document
signed by Pilgrim men. 1st document of self-government in
America Pilgrim men would make laws for all
colonists
Founding of Plymouth Colony
Mayflower Compact
Massachusetts Bay Colony
Founded in 1630 Founded by Puritans as a joint-stock
company Puritans wanted religious freedom
Society in the New England Colonies
Unlike Jamestown, Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay were settle by families
Religion was very important.
Massachusetts Bay Colony Government – The Puritans had town meetings to make
laws and decisions about government Men who owned stock in the Massachusetts
Bay Company could vote Men who belonged to the Puritan church could
vote A large electorate – compared to England The town meetings were an early form of
democracy in America
Religious Dissenters in Massachusetts Bay
In Massachusetts the Church controlled the government
Religious difference were not tolerated Roger Williams disagreed with Puritan Church Williams said
The Puritans should pay Native American for their land
The government shouldn’t punish people for disagreeing with the Puritan church
The Puritans forced Williams to leave MBC and he founded the colony of Rhode Island.
Roger Williams & Native AMericans
Religious Dissenters
ANNE HUTCHINSON
Said Christians didn’t need ministers or the church to interpret the Bible
Hutchinson and her family were forced to leave MBC
(Later Hutchinson & her family were killed by Native Americans.)
Puritans and Native Americans
Native Americans & Puritans made treaties about using the land
Native Americans believed treaties were for a short time
Puritans believed the treaties were forever
In 1637 there was a war between Native Americans and Puritans over land
Puritans won
Puritans and Native Americans
Many Native Americans were poor and had to work for the Puritans and obey Puritan laws
1675 Metacom (King Philip), a Native American leader, started a war against the Puritans
The war was called King Philip’s The Puritans won and the Native
Americans did not challenge (desafio) the Puritans again.
The Salem Witch(Bruja) Trials, 1692
Puritan society was very strict – no cursing, no gambling, long church services, lots of rules to follow
Puritans also had to worry about Indian attacks
Puritan girls had very little power in their own lives
Salem Witch Trials
Salem Witch Trials
1692 young girls began accusing women in Salem of witchcraft (brujeria)
Most people in the 1600s believed in witches
The most important people in town were listening to the girls
19 people were executed for being witches
Finally, the girls accused the wife of the governor
Lesson 3: The Middle Colonies:New York & Pennsylvania
New Jersey & Delaware
The Middle Colonies Key Terms & Vocabulary
Dutch Netherlands Diverse (diversity) Fur Trade Proprietary Quaker Minister William Penn
Tolerance
The Middle Colonies: What we want to know
Why did the Dutch settle the New Netherlands (New York)?
Why did the Quakers settle Pennsylvania
What kind of societies developed in New York and Pennsylvania?
The Middle Colonies: New York
The New Netherlands (New York) were colonized by the Dutch
The Dutch wanted to trade with the Native Americans for furs.
The Dutch let many different types of people settle in New Netherlands, so the New Netherlands had a very diverse population. Germans, French, Scandinavia, free
Africans
The Middle Colonies: New York
In the 1660s, the Dutch colony of the New Netherlands separated the Virginia colony from the New England
England took the New Netherlands from the Dutch.
The English renamed the colony New York
The colony became a proprietary colony.
The Middle Colonies: Pennsylvannia
Quakers were religious dissenters. They believed a church didn’t need a
minister. They did not believe in war.
William Penn was a wealthy Quaker. He wanted to start a colony for Quakers.
The Middle Colonies: Pennsylvannia
Penn’s colony was called Pennsylvania.
Penn had strong beliefs about his colony No slavery Religious tolerance
Fair relations with the Native Americans
Penn let people from France, the Netherlands, Germany, and other countries live in Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania was a diverse colony.
The Thirteen Colonies
New Hampshire 1623 Maryland 1634 – founded for
Catholics Connecticut – 1634 Delaware 1638 North Carolina 1653 South Carolina 1663 New Jersey 1664
Home Sweet Home:Georgia
King George III of England gave James Oglethorpe a charter to establish the colony of Georgia
In England in 1700s, people who could not pay debts were sent to jail.
Oglethorpe believed it was better to give people a chance to work and pay their debt
Oglethorpe wanted these people to live in Georgia
Georgia
1736 Oglethorpe established his colony on Saint Simon’s Island. Few debtors actually came No rum and no slaves Georgians saw South Carolinians getting rich from rice
plantations
Lesson 4: England and Her Colonies
Lesson 4 Vocabulary
Marketplace Raw materials Mercantilism Theory Self-sufficient Navigation Acts Parliament
Why did England want colonies?
America provided raw materials Examples? ?
__________________________________________________________________ America was a marketplace for
English manufactured products Mercantilism
Mercantilism
What is mercantilism? An economic theory
What are the goals of mercantilism? To be self-sufficient – a country shouldn’t
depend on other countries for anything To get as much gold and silver as a
country can Is America self-sufficient?
Economic Activities in the Colonies
NEW ENGLAND COLONIES Shipbuilding Rum Fishing Lumber Trade
MIDDLE COLONIES
Furs Wheat Glass Livestock Flax (used to make
linen cloth)
Economic Activities in the Colonies
SOUTHERN COLONIES
Tobacco Rice Indigo Wheat Lumber
Navigation Acts
Colonists were selling some products to other European countries. England didn’t like this.
England’s Parliament passed the Navigation Acts – laws to control colonial trade
Some colonists didn’t like the Navigation Acts
The Southern Colonies
Agricultural economy Cash crop – one grown primarily for sale▪ Examples: tobacco, rice cotton, indigo
Very little industry or diversification Patterns of settlement:
Most Southerners from British Isles or Germans
Plantations & small farms▪ Crops transported to port cities along South’s
many rivers Result: few cities and towns develop
The Southern Colonies: Slavery
Slavery Indentured servants & enslaved Indians
didn’t meet need for labor Colonists turned to African slaves▪ (1690 – 13,000; 1750 – 200,000)
The Slave Trade
African slaves used in West Indies on sugar plantations
Triangular Trade Rum shipped from New England to Africa Slaves shipped from Africa to West Indies Sugar & molasses shipped from W. Indies to
New England Middle Passage – passage from Africa to the
West Indies▪ Enslaved Africans shipped in horrible conditions▪ Up to 20% died on the voyage over
Life in the American Colonies
Began full-time work at 12 Most worked in fields Worked to maintain their culture –
dance, song, stories
The North
The North: Diversified economy
Poor, rocky soil, not good for large farms▪ (Agriculture does well in the Middle Colonies;
e.g. PA) Industries: fishing, lumber, ship
building, rum production Slavery did exist, but it wasn’t that
profitable
The North
Cities and towns developed Education – important in New
England More diverse society – Germans,
Dutch, British, Scandinavians, Jews, Protestants, Catholics
Salem Witch Trials
Young girls accused older women▪ Belief in witches was real▪ Fear of Native American attacks –
preoccupied with death
Probably result of social and class tensions
Ended when girls accused wife of governor of Massachusetts
The Great Awakening
1650s- early1700s Puritan church in decline Puritans prospered and were focusing on
money, not God Half-Way Covenant, 1661▪ Let children of church members join church even if
they couldn’t give required testimony of conversion
1690s – MA had to permit other forms of worship when it became a royal colony
Great Awakening
Jonathan Edwards, Puritan leader tried to revive the Puritan Church
1730s & 1740s – Wave of religious revivals swept colonies▪ Number of colonists in church increased
dramatically▪ New denominations – Baptists, Methodists
Christianity brought to slaves Led to interest in higher education, Ivy
Leagues est.▪ Need for literacy
Great Awakening and Revolution
Focus on individual & human reasoning Questioning of traditional authority
French and Indian War, 1754-1763
________and Britain were competing over the Ohio River Valley (French had settled in Canada for _____ trade) Brits think French giving Native Americans _________.
1754 – GW sent to evict French citizens from part of ORV
GW defeated & had to surrender his fort War________________
1st – French winning British get new Prime Minister who revamped the
army 1763 British defeated French at Battle of _________
French and Indian War, 1754-1763
Treaty of_________ [1763] ended the war Britain got all of North America east of
Mississippi River, including _________ from Spain
(________ – got French lands west of Miss R.)
(_______ – kept a few small islands off Canada)
Native Americans – British harder to deal with than the ____________
Who won the French and Indian War?
Importance of French and Indian War
Proclamation of _____ – no settlement west of Appalachians. If you are there, you _________________
British War ____ – Who is going to pay for the war?
How could this cause problems between the colonies and England?