,* L T.Stubbs Irr - UNT Digital Library/67531/metadc618888/...T. Stubbs EG&G/AVO i Data Return yes Yes - - yes - no Present in this Report Yes no yes L. Starrh LLNL M ... Recordings

6

?

f s

4

* - AKAVI Containment Data

L

Irr ,* T.Stubbs

i R*Heinle

August 1995

I

This is an informal report intended primarily for internal or iimited external distribution. The opinions and conclusions stated are those of the author and may or may not be those of the Laboratory.

Work performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Eneqy by the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract W-7405-EN-.

Report O S T I

DISCLAIMER

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Available to DOE and DOE contractors from the Office of Scientific and Technical Information

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.

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AKAVI I n s t m t i o n Summary

Instrumentation

&a EmDIacemea

Radiation

Pressure Stemming Challenge

Cavity Atmospheric

Motion Free Field

Surface Plug

Stemming Surface Casing

Emplacement Pipe Jivdrovield (a)

C O I l ~ ( b )

_Stress

Strain@)

Other Measurements

Fielded on this Event

yes

yes

Yes no no no

no

Yes Yes no

no no

yes

ves

no yes

no

(a) (b) (c) Emplacement pipe load.

CORTEX and/or SLIFER in emplacement hole. EXCOR or CLIPER in emplacement hole.

Event Pe rsonnel corItainmentPhvsics 6. Hudson LLNL V. Wheeler LLNL J. Kalinowski EG&G/AVO T. Stubbs EG&G/AVO

i

Data Return

yes

yes

Yes

- -

yes

yes -

no

Present in this Report

yes

yes

Yes

no

yes

L. Starrh LLNL M. E. Hatch EG&G/AVO T. L. Williams EG&G/NVO R. F. Sieved EG&G/NVO

Contents

1.

2.

3.

Event Description 1.1 Site . 1.2 instrumentation . 1.3 Emplacement .

Stemming Performance 2.1 Radiation and Pressure 2.2 Motion . 2.3 Collapse phenomena .

Surface Array Measurements

References . Appendix A. The Paleozoic Surface in the Vicinity of U2fe

as Defined by the AKAVI Seismic Experiment .

1 1 3

10 10 10

17

51

52

.. II

1. Event Description

1.1 Site

The AKAVI event was detonated in hole U2es of the Nevada Test Site as indicated in figure 1 .l. The device had a depth-of-burial (DOB) of 494 m in the Paintbrush Tuff of area 2,

about 90 m above the standing water level and 300 m above the Paleozoic formation, as shown in figures 1.2 and 1.3(’). Stemming of the 2.44 m diameter emplacement hole followed the plan shown in figure 1.4. A log of the stemming operations was maintained by Holmes & Nanrer(*).

Detonation time was 07:OO PST on December 3,1981 and 103 minutes later a surface collapse occurred leaving a crater with mean radius of 90.5 m and maximum depth of 19.5 m.

No radiation arrivals were detected above ground and the AKAVI containment was considered successful.

1.2 Instrumentation

Figure 1.5 is a schematic layout of the instrumentation designed to monitor the emplacement procedures and stemming performance of the AKAVI event.

The three stemming plugs were composed of coal-tar epoxy (ME 59, denoted CTE). A soft layer of coal-tar and aggregate ( M E 59MY, denoted CTA) was poured on the top of each of the plugs to act as a gas seal.

Pressure and radiation were monitored in the loose stemming about 1.5 m below the top

P W .

1

Vertical motion was monitored in the recording trailer and in the ground surface, 15.24 m due north of SGZ. An array of fourteen motion stations was fielded on a line approximately [S 8 3 O w] from surface ground zero (SGZ) with each buried 0.91 m in the ground surface. These gauges added to the seismic survey information around the CARPETBAG fault lying about 2.5 Km to the west of U2es, in preparation for an experiment to be carried out in hole U2fe (shown in figure 1.6). The closest station to SGZ was at a horizontal distance of 900 m while each succeeding station was 100 m farther away. All surface stations were buried at a depth of 0.9 m in the ground surface. Vertical motion was monitored at each of the fourteen stations but, because of a limitation of both available transducers and recording channels, tri-axial motion was monitored at only four stations and an additional four measured bi-axial motion (horizontal-radial and vertical components).

Data from each of the above instruments were transmitted to the recording trailer by an analog system and recorded on magnetic tape.

D-cable information was used for quality assurance during the stemming operations and to monitor the collapse process.

One CLIPER sensor, one CORRTEX sensor and four SLIFER cables were emplaced in the emplacement hole to measure the hydrodynamic yield of the device and to monitor cavity collapse and chimney formation. Results of the yield measurements are reported elsewhere(3).

A history of the fielding operations of the instrumentation is outlined in reference 4.

Details of the instrumentation are given in reference 5.

2

1.3. Emplacement

A single strain station (84) was fielded near the top of the emplacement pipe to monitor the load during installation and stemming. At the end of each day during these procedures, output of this station was recorded by hand in the stemming log maintained by Holmes & Narver(*).

The stemming plugs consisted of three "LAE 5 9 coal-tar epoxy (CTE) layers. The bottom plug was about 6 m thick while the top two were about 4 m thick. All plugs were capped with about

2 m of soft coal-tar-aggregate " M E 59MY" epoxy (CTA) to act as a gas sealant. Stemming between the plugs consisted of layers of fines and coarse gravel. The top of the hole (above the top plug) was filled with ground surface derived backfill and the inside of the emplacement pipe was grouted for its full length. See figure 1.4.

3

18

30

29

17

16

-

14

4 1 7

1 3

- 26

27

28

I

cp-1 * 6

I

5

Figure 1.1 Map of the Nevada Test Site indicating the location of hole U2es.

4

North Elwation - d

1327 - -

UEPaa 1325 - -

4 Utes 1320 - -

ul 81-59 Page 23 e

Cross-.ccrion of U2es B-B' JLU 5-2-1

Scale

B- 500

9 T.D.

South Depth -

Figure 1.2 North-South geologic cross sections through hole U2es.

5

41 1 - - U2n-1 - OK 81-59

Southeant - - Page 22 1 1320 1310 D e p t h - - -

Pz CKOBO-BeCtiOn Of UZes A-A' JLU 5-22-81

$90 T.D.

.E ~

QTJ - A I l w l u TU - -la Tanks h b . r Tmr - b i n t c r Mesa tkwber Tp - Calntbrurh Tuff Tbg - Grouse Canyon h b . r Ttb - Tunnel Dcds and Older Tuffs ?z - ?JkOZOic -tS 5vL - Stotlc Water Leva1 A - Gravity a e f e r 8 ~ e b l n t - ?aleoxolc l a Mole

- D m d l n k c t h n

-w 250 N 267 OW

U2eh

l oo0 E

B

f UEZaa

*b;

t I

I I 1u2z-2 B'

Figure 1.3 Southwest-Northeast geologic cross sections through hole U2es.

6

A K A V I - U2es

DOWNMOLE W l . - STEYYING W l . -

lOa.0'

507.0'

6e.u.o'

972.0'

Figure 1.4 As-built stemming plan for the event AKAVI in Hole U2es.

7

RlOlA7lW PRESSURE (STWUING) SLIFER

Figure 1.5 As-built containment instrumentation plan for the emplacement hole (U2es) on the AKAVl event.

8

PORTMANTEAU

7% U2AX

L I PTAUER * U2BV U2EH

PORTULACA* 64 6a 62 66 65

71 70 69 67 + + + + + + + + + + 15 74 73 72

+ + + + r\

PEB FAJY U2FC

0

!.

W U2FE

FLAX 7@?

HUT% U2DJ U2bF

F ARALONES * . U2FA

1000 0

PAR * U2P

7FE U2N

KLOSTER

7% U2 EO

61 *

P 2000 0

I SCALE : METERS

Figure 1.6 As-built surface array motion instrumentation for the AKAVI event showing the location of neighboring holes and the surface expression of the CARPETBAG fault.

9

2. Stemming Performance

2.1 Radiation and Pressure

As seen in figure 1.5, pressure and radiation were monitored in the coarse stemming at only one station, about 1.5 m below the top plug. Wave forms of the pressure and radiation measured at this station are shown in figure 2.1 for times beginning about 1 minute before detonation and lasting for about 3 hours.

2.3 Motion

Explosion-induced histories of the containment related motion measured on the AKAVI event are shown in figures 2.2 and 2.3. Characteristics of the associated motion and transducers are given in tables 2.1-2.3.

2.4 Collapse phenomena

No CLIPER data are available and the D-cable information was recorded but not reduced. Recordings of the D-cable suggest that a collapse began at 61 63.5 s with a final episode at 61 68.3 s. These times correlate well with the ground surface collapse motion of station 61, shown in figure 2.4.

There was sufficient surface slack in the instrumentation cables to allow both station 61

and the Dcable to survive the collapse. Pressure and radiation wave forms obtained during a period of 100 s covering the collapse are shown in figure 2.5. Characteristics of the pressure wave form suggest that there was first a stemming fall, reducing the pressure below the top plug, followed by a collapse of the surface that induced a compression at the station. The radiation wave form of figure 2.5 suggests the possibility of radiation at station 31. However, the rise is so abrupt and the wave form decays so quickly, it is suspected that this was caused by movement of the source chip in the detector, not gas radiation. The long term stability of the record seen in figure 2.1 tends to confirm this.

The pressure and radiation data are consistent with satisfactory containment.

10

U2es 0-

-

100 -

-

200 - E i- - CI Q a a 300 -

-

400 -

-

500 -

2

I 20 ...... 4. -....................-.-A- ........................ '.W...-.-- ...... 4.- .....-..-..-. ~ ......... i .... _.._.._ .... ~ .._..

L

I 2 6 c,

L a a v) 0 n

Time, s

Figure 2.1 Pressure and radiation measured in the loose stemming at 38.1 m depth (Station 31, below the top stemming plug 1).

11

O--

-

100:

-

200 - E

_c" - c, Q a 0 300-

-

400 -

-

500 -

U2es -15.24 m-l

-7- 63

8 ................................. ....._...... .......................... ..................................

...................................... ..............................

....................................................................... .. ............................... ......._. ................................. 4t- 1 .............. : ...................................... i ...................................... A ................................. __ -

. . . . . . .

............................. .............. ..................... ....._............ ........................ _._...... ............................

0 h i p L ..............

c....

1 0 ............................. i ..................................... .1... ............................... ..A ................................. ttf c . 4 ..... \ ............................................................... 5 ...................................... .i. .................................

0 .............................. i... ................................... i ...................................... i .................................

........................................................... ...... ............... -..._ ............

1 0 Yfe: ... .........._..... ................................ .........._. i ...................................... 1 .................................

-

l I l l l ~ l l l l i l l l l ~ l l I l i l l l l ~ I I I I i l l l l ~ l l I I l 0 2 4 6 8

Time, s

Figure 2.2 Explosion-induced vertical motion of the ground surface at a horizontal range of 15.24 rn and a depth of 0.9 rn (station 61).

12

O--

-

100 -

-

200 - E

400 1 j 500

Time, s

Figure 2.3 Explosion-induced vertical motion of the recording trailer (station 79).

13

0-

-

100 -

-

200 - € 2 - c, Q a> a 300 -

U2es

I;;j 500

l c l 5 . 2 4

N

m 4 -

Q ...............................

0 40 ...............................

a ................................

I I I I ....................................

....................................

..................................

... .......................................... ...........................

..................................... .. ..................................

..................................... _..- ...............................

, ' I ,--I-, ......... I I I , I I I

5 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

0 ' cn

5 1 1 1 1 ~ 1 1 1 1 ~ 1 1 1 1 / 1 1 1 1

...................................... .. .............................. _..- E o .. CI - .............................................. ...................................... & .................. .............- c Q, -5 E

............................................. ................................. -""* ............................ _.__.- Q,

Q v)

2 -10- i

E - -

- .................................. ;.- ......... 1 5 a i

Figure 2.4 Collapse-induced vertical motion of the ground surface at a horizontal range of 15.24 m and a depth of 0.9 m (station 61).

14

U2es 0-

100 -

200 - E (-" c, a a,

300 -

1 500

rn a v) 5 10 v) a, 2

0

Figure 2.5 Pressure and radiation measured in the loose stemming at 38.1 m depth during collapse (Station 31, below the top stemming plug 1).

15

Jable 2.1 Summary o f Containment -Related Motion

Gauge Slant Range Arrival Time Acceleration Velocity Peak Displacement (m) (ms) Peak (9) (mW Peak (cm) -

61 av 493.6 272 1.6, 9.2(=) 0.72 11.2

79av 529(b) 313 1.7,3.7@) 0.80 9.3 61 uv 0.68 10.0

79uv 0.77 8.8

(a) Slapdown. (b) Estimate: Transducer was in recording trailer.

Table 2.2 Containment-Related Accelerometer Characteristics

Displacement Residual (cm)

-7

-5

-6

-0.5

Natural Frequency Damping Ratio System Range Gauge (W (g-s)

61 av

79av

575

220

0.65

0.65

50

10

Table 2.3 Containment-Related Velocimeter Characteristics

Natural Time to 0.5 Calibration Operate System Gauge Frequency Amplitude Temperature Temperature Range

(W 6) (OF) (OF) (m's)

61 uv 3.48 15.4 73.9 50.41 10

79uv 4.00 20.4 73.86 64.5 1 2

16

3. Surface array measurements

Figures 3.1 - 3.26 show the motion obtained from the surface array lying on a line [S 83O Wl from UPes, as shown in figure 1.6. The first station was at a horizontal range of 900 m from U2es with each succeeding station 100 rn farther along the line. All stations were buried 0.91 in the ground surface. All stations monitored vertical motion, four of the fourteen stations included tri- axial motion measurements (vertical, horizontal-radial, and horizontal-transverse) and an additional four included bi-axial measurements (vertical and horizontal-radial). Positive sense motion was vertical, radial outward, and clockwise looking down on the station. Tables 3.1 - 3.3 summarize the motion and the motion transducer properties.

First arrivals of the motion are plotted in figure 3.27. The sound speed, as determined by the slope of the line drawn in figure 3.27 (2250 WS), is consistent with the Working Point data derived from the vibroseis measurements(l). These data define the lateral position of a scarp in the underlying Paleozoic formation (to within the 100 m limits set by the station spacing). Appendix A is a detailed analysis of this information, performed by V. Wheeler.

Figures 3.28 and 3.29 show the peak acceleration and velocity as a function of range from the detonation point. Both vertical and horizontal- radial motion are represented in figures 3.28 - 3.29.

17

Table 3.1 Su mmarv of Surface Arrav Motion

Gauge Slant Range Arrival Time Acceleration Velocity Peak Displacement (m) (ms) Peak (9) (cm/s) Peak (mm)

~

62av 1030.4 545 0.3 22.0 23 62uv 545 21 .o 21.8

62ar 554 0.185 16.4 35.5

62at 557 0.075 6.3 9.5

63av 1119.4 588 0.28 19.5 19.5

63uv 588 22.0 21.5

64av 1209.6 625 0.23 18.0 16.8

64uv 625 17.5 16.2

Mar 625 0.21 19.0 33.7

65av 1301.9 672 0.1 1 16.0 14.3

65uv 672 18.0 16.6

66av 1395.0 709 0.17 10.0 8.2 66uv 709 16.0 13.2

66ar 709 0.20 16.0 32.5

66at 709 0.087 7.3 7.8

67av 1488.5 752 0.18 12.0 8.5

67uv 752 15.0 10.8 67ar 752 0.20 14.0 30.5

68av 1583.9 779 0.16 8.2 5.9

68uv 779 6.8 4.7

68ar 790 0.14 9.7 23.2

69av 1 679.1 795 0.086 4.3 3.5

69uv 795 4.4 3.5

18

Table 3.1 Summarv of Surface Arrav Motion (continued)

Gauge Slant Range Arrival Time Acceleration Velocity Peak Displacement (m) (ms) Peak (9) (cmls) Peak (mm) -

70av 1775.2 785 0.031 2.0 2.1

70uv 785 2.3 2.4

70ar 830 0.035 4.1 11.1

70at 853 0.036 2.9 0.60

71 av 1871.4 757 0.021 1.5 1.3

71 uv 757 1.5 1.3

72av 1968.1 753 0.01 4 1 .o 1 .o 72uv 753 1 .o 1.1 72ar 880 0.035 7.8 18.4

73av 2064.9 745 0.01 2 0.9 1 .o 73uv 745 0.9 1 .o 74av 21 62.2 760 0.014 1 .o 1 .o 74uv 760 0.66 0.70

74ar 765 0.007 8.9 23.0

74at 760 -0.003 -0.3 -0.04

75av 2259.6 766 0.015 0.9 1 .o 75uv 766 1.2 1 .o

Note: Positive values denote vertically upward (v), horizontal-radial outward (r), and horizontal- transverse with clockwise motion (t).

19

Table 3.2 Surface Arrav Accelerometer Characteristics

Natural Frequency Damping Ratio System Range Gauge (Ha (g's)

62av 150 0.65 3 62ar 280 0.60 3 62at 140 0.75 3 63av

64av

64ar

142 25 1 239

0.65 0.75 0.65

3 3 3

65av 21 0 0.75 3 66av

66ar

66at

67av 67ar

68av 68ar

69av

70av

7 0 8

70 at

240 262 2 69 270 200 178 74 170 118 70 140

0.65 0.65 0.60 0.85 0.65 0.65 0.65 0.65 0.65 0.65 0.75

3 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2

71 av 141 0.65 2 72av

72ar

73av

112 110 132

0.70 0.65 0.65

74av

74ar

74at

74 108 120

0.65 0.65 0.65

75av 68 0.65 1

20

Gauge

62uv 63uv 64uv 65uv 66uv 67uv 68uv 69uv 70uv 71 uv 72uv 73uv 74uv 75uv

Natural Time to 0.5 Calibration Operate System Frequency Amplitude Temperature Temperature Range

(Ha (4 (OF) (OF) (W

3.55 9.5 74.1 49.95 1

3.40 9.4 75.4 54.69 1

3.60 13.9 74.5 53.38 1 3.49 12.7 74.7 52.01 1

3.62 12.8 74.5 55.98 1

3.50 11.9 73.5 55.12 1

3.31 15.2 73.7 47.10 1 3.28 19.3 73.8 55.56 1 3.25 25.0 75.1 49.48 1 3.43 13.4 74.2 50.41 1 3.46 13.2 72.8 49.25 1 3.62 10.9 73.5 53.58 1 3.51 10.8 74.4 54.9 1 1

3.24 22.5 74.3 50.41 1

21

2.0 4 CAR TBAG fault L

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0 0

0

0

0

: ............................... : ....................................... 2 ....................................... c ................................ I l l I l l t I I I l l

................................................................................................ &..- ............................ - -

Time, s

Figure 3.1 Vertical motion of the ground surface at a slant range of 1030.4 m and a depth of 0.91 m (station 62).

22

CAR TBAG fault 4- 2.0 1

E x

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0 0

0

- m c 0 0

CI

~ 1 . 5 ~ N .- I 'sol L@ 4- 0.54 N

1 U2es 0- a

................................................................... ...................................... i ............................. __.-

0 0 a - - ..................................................................... 4 ................................... -..; ........................ ........- > -0. 1

-0.2 I l l I l l I l l I l l

4 I l l I l l 1 1 1 1 1 1

E - 0

c

- .. 2 - ............................ 4 .......................................................................... ...4 .......................... _.._.-

CI

- - .............. 8 o l

E a a v)

- - 5 -2 - .............

I l l I l l l l l l l l l

0 2 4 6 8 Time, s

Figure 3.2 Horizontal-radial motion of the ground surface at a slant range of 1030.4 rn and a depth of 0.91 rn (station 62).

23

2.5

CAfi

2.c

E 1L

I

0.5

0

iTBAG fault ---%---

0

0

0

0

0

0 0.2

0 . 0.1 0 E

>; 0 *- 0

0 > -0.1

-0.2

0 cn

c 0 0 0 - a,

e-@

N

U2es 0

2 E

r 1 E

0 - + a,

Q)

- g o 3 15 -

1 1 1 1 1 1 I l l 1 1 1 8

-1 0 2 4 6

Time, s

Figure 3.3 Horizontal-transverse motion of the ground surface at a slant range of 1030.4 m and a depth of 0.91 m (station 62).

24

2.5 -

CARPETBAG fault

- 0

2.0 - 0

0

0

0

- -

1 0 E x

0

0

e-@ 0

0.51 N

{ Uzes 0- a

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

............................. ...................................... i ....................................... ............................... I l l 1 1 1 1 1 1 I l l

E c; - 1

............................ c .................................. -.-+ ...................................... ; ............................... -

ar E c 8 m ' 8 . 8 0 ..................... I ................ ......................... ;. ......................

c L I

................................... -..i ...................................................................... _- n i i i

Time, s

Figure 3.4 Vertical motion of the ground surface at a slant range of 11 19.4 m and a depth of 0.91 m (station 63).

25

. 4%- CAR TBAG fault

2.0 - 1 ; 0

0

x € 1 0 c.

Q,

c a ca c 0 N

1.5 -

L - .cI

.- 6 1.0-

I

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

U2es 0 - 0

-I 4 4 1 . 1 . ___._.__.____.____._........ ,...- ________._. ~ ._...._ _ _ _ _ _.._.__..__ i _______________. ~ ~ . ~ ~ . ~ ~ ~ . ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ _ i..- _________.____. ~ ____..__ __._

1 1 1 '

-

E 0

I l l I l l 1 1 1 I l l

0 2 4 6 8 Time, s

Figure 3.5 Vertical motion of the ground surface at a slant range of 1209.6 m and a depth of 0.91 rn (station 64).

26

CARPETBAG fault - I

0

2.0 - 0

0

0

0 E 1L

~ I l l i l l l t l l l i l I I

6 . - 1.5 -

c a a S 0 N

L - *

.- 6 l-O- I

0

0

0

0

& 0

0

N

U2es 0- 0

Time, s

Figure 3.6 Horizontal-radial motion of the ground surface at a slant range of 1209.6 m and a depth of 0.91 m (station 64).

27

2.5

CAR1 - 2.0

E zc 6- P 1.5

- a C 0 N 0 1.0 I

CI

.- L

\

0.5

0

TBAG fault ---lr--

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

E 0

. . . a , . ! ! ! - ................... ; ....................................... i ...................................... ; ............................... -

......................................... , l , l l l l l l i l l , ~ ....................................... ................ - ............................... -

U2es 0

.. c, c


28

CAR TBAG fault 4- E

ZL

1 2.0

1 C a L "'.1

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

N 0.5 -

- U2es 0- 0

E 0

-0.2 I I I I I I

0 2 4 6 8 0 2 4 6 8 Time, s

Figure 3.8 Vertical motion of the ground surface at a slant range of 1395.0 m and a depth of 0.91 rn (station 66).

29

n

;d C

Horizontal range, Km P

0 VI 0 in 0 I l l l l l l l l l l , , , , I , , l I I I I P l

a 4 P

Y

0 B n P

VI I

0 0

Iu

> - - -

........._I

- - -

......... - - - -

......... - - - -

-3 I - - i i -

........................................................ I

i 1 i

- i -

i - i ................... : .................... 5 ............. - i - i i

i i i

-

I - I I I I

w; 'E Displacement, cm 3QL

0 Iu P

Y i Q , . cx,

Velocity, m/s Acceleration, g a Iu 0

I 1 1 - i i

- ........... * ...................... i i

CA __c

2,

E 1L

1

0

TBAG fault ---w---

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

m

N

U2es 0

Figure 3.10

0.2 1 11 11 1 1 11

-0.2' I I ' ' I 1 I I I I I

E 0

J c E a, 0 m - % i5

-0.2 r,,, 1 ..................................... ..................................... 4. ..............................

2

I I I I I I 1 1 1 1 1 .

3 I l l I l l I l l I l l 3 - 1 1 1 I l l I l l I l l

1 1 1 l l i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8

-1. 0 2 4 6

Time, s

Horizontal-transverse motion of the ground surface at a slant range of 1395.0 m and a depth of 0.91 m (station 66).

31

CAR TBAG fault 4- 1

2.0 j 0

0

0

0

0

r 0' 1.0 :L

0 - 5 1

0

0

.-@ 0

0

0

0

0

E 0 -

4- c

0 2 ' 4 6 8 Time, s

Figure 3.1 1 Vertical motion of the ground surface at a slant range of 1488.5 m and a depth of 0.91 m (station 67).

32

2.5 .

CARF - 2.0 -

E x 6 0) 1.5 - c a L - a c 0 N

0

c,

.- 1.0-

I

\

0.5 -

0 -

TBAG fault --%----

0

0

0

. o 0

0

0

.-@ 0

0

0

0

0

N

U2es a

0 2 4 6 8 Time, s


33

2.5 -

- CARETBAG fautt

- 0

2.0 - 0 _.... .......................... ; ...................................... ....................................... t ................................ -0.2 - I 1 0 2 - 0

0 -0.4- I I I I I I I I I I I l l - E x

0.5 -

-

0-

6 a 1 . 5 - S m a c 0 N

L - c,

.I- & 1.0-

I

N

U2es 0

0

m-@ 0

0

0

0

0

0 -0.1 - ..................... ....... ...................................... ....................................... i ...............................

- I l l I l l I l l 1 1 1 .

cr C a,

a> 0 rn E o

- .- % n

-2 0 2 4 6 8

Time, s


34

2.5 -

CARPETBAG fault I -

\

0

2.0 - 0

0

0

0

0

-

E 1c

ai- m 1.5 - e-@ 0

0

0

S m m c 0 0 .- N

I

L - c,

0

0 z '.O-

I

0.5 i N

- U2es 0- a

I l l I l l

-

-

0 2 4 6 8 Time, s


35

L CAR TBAG fault

6 P, 1.5 - t a a t 0 N

L - CI

.- 5 1.0-

I -

2.0 1 0

0

0

E 1L

0

0

a-@ 0

0 0

0

0

0

0

N

U2es 0- e

0.2 I l l I l l I l l I l l

E 0

2

0

8 -2 0 2 4 6

Time, s


36

2.5 -

CARPETBAG fault 0

0

2.0 - 0

0

E 1L

6 0 , l . S - c (II

(II c 0 N & 1.0- 0 I

L - CI

I-

0

0

m-@ 0

0 0

0

0

0

0

N 0.5 -

- U2es 0- 0

0.1 cn \

E

E 0

-0.1

1 .........................

0 .....................

~ u 0

-1

Time, s

Figure 3.1 6 Vertical motion of the ground surface at a slant range of 1775.2 m and a depth of 0.91 rn (station 70).

37

- CARPETBAG fault

0

0

0 e 0

0 0

0

0

0

0

2.0 -

E

6 1L

r n 1 . 5 - t m m c 0 N

I - CI

.- 6 1.0-

r

N

U2es 0- a

0

0 I l l I l l I l l I l l

-1 I l l I l l I l l I I I I I


38

0 b

Horizontal range, Km P VI

A 4

0 VI 0 in z I) P

I I I I I I I I , , I l l , I I I I I I , I

-I I

i c O N

(D v) Z

Displacement, cm

I

C

1

....................

.................... 4 1 I

<I ........... 5

3 3

I

oj > T o o o o 0 d 3 c 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Velocity, m/s P

0 -L a A

Acceleration, g 0

8 Iu

r P a 0

CD

i b 3

P, Q (0

3 a 0,

e. --I 3 (D

Y

Horizontal range, Km P

0 VI 0 VI 0 A d P

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

c

Displacement, cm I

oA I

- - < - - ................ - < - -

p _I ................

- - -

Q, - ................ - - -

OD I

0 A w I ! I I

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Velocity, m/s P

0 -1. a A

b" 0 0 0

Acceleration, g s 0 0 4

2-5 1 CAR TBAG fault 4--

E 1L

2.0

.- I

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

N 0.5 -

- U2es 0- 0 .- -1 ................................. i.. ......... ~ .................. ........ L.W ............_.. ~ ..... ~ ......... ..i ..................... ~ .........-

I l l I l l I l l 1 1 1 0 2 4 6 8

Time, s


41

L CAR TBAG fault

aj- 4 o> 1.5

0

0

0

+-@ 0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

1 U2es 0- 0

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 - a

Time, s -2

0 2 4 6

Figure 3.21 Horizontal-radial motion of the ground surface at a slant range of 1968.1 rn and a depth of 0.91 m (station 72).

42

I!

3 0 C

fn C 3 Q. tn C

9, 0 (D

is

a

2 9,

3

2

P

0 > Horizontal range, Km

N v1

A -.)

0 0 in XI I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I , I I , I 1

-4 1

Z i 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 bo Displacement, cm Velocity, m/s

I 2 0 4

0 0 A a 2

Acceleration, g 0 0 2

a 4

a ru

* - .............. . ._I ...... .................... ; ....- i. .

iTBAG fault - e-@ 0

0

0

0

0

0

0 0

0

0

0

0

UZes 0

rn O S 4 F - c- 0.2 - ............................ 0 .-

-0.2--..- .......................... I l l

1 1 1 I l l I l l

.................................... )...-.- ................................ + .............................. - :

1 1 1 l 1 1 1 l 1 1 1 ,

0.1 I l l I l l I l l 1 1 1

I l l I l l l l l l l l l

0 2 4 6 8 Time, s

Figure 3.23 Vertical motion of the ground surface at a slant range of 2162.2 rn and a depth of 0.91 m (station 74).

44

A- CAR TBAG fault

2.0 -1 0

0

0

0 - 0

0

0 0

0

6 0) 1.5 - c a a c 0 0 N L 1.0- 0 0 I 0

- L - -

- CI

- .-

N 0.5 - - -

- U2es 0- 0

P , I - i 1

E 0

I l l I l l I l l I l l

- - -4 I l l I l l 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 2 4 6 a

Time, s


45

2.5 -

CARPETBAG fault

e 2.0 - 0

0

- 0 5 1 : a

N .I

1.0 0

N

U2es 0- 0

Time, s

Figure 3.25 Horizontal-transverse motion of the ground surface at a slant range of 2162.2 m and a depth of 0.91 m (station 74).

46

CARPETBAG fault

2.0 -

0-51 N

0

0

0

6 0 , l . S - c a a c 0 N L 1.0- 0 r

L - CI

.-

- o.*t- ............................... i ..................................... i... ................................... ; ............................... - i I

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

.............................. i ..... ................................................................. ...............................

-

Time, s

U2es

Figure 3.26 Vertical motion of the ground surface at a slant range of 2259.6 rn and a depth of 0.91 m (station 75).

47

0 0

CI

2 ii

0 vertical

-k radial

A transverse -l I I t I I I I I I 1 1

1000 1500 2000 2500

Slant range, M

Figure 3.27 Arrival times of the first motion as a function of distance from the detonation point. All measured components of motion are represented. There is indication of a scarp in the Paleozoic formation around a range of 1600 m.

48

.............................................................. 7

.......................................................................................................................... I l l 1 I I I 1 1 1 1 , I I I I I I I I , , , I

1 ..............................................................

0 0

1 ..............................................................

............................................................. I .............................................................. t 1 ................................................ ot'

..................................... I .... ............

......................................... -K> ...........

.............................................. 0 ........... i a- ............................................................

.............................................................. c t ..............................................................

.............................................................

.............................................................. . .............................................................. 0 c D W * 0 lw 0 T-

I I I I I I I I " " I ' l l I I I I I " ' I

............................................................. + .............................................................. 0 ; ............................................... ...c> ......_....... ~ .................................................

..................................................... . . ~ _^. ............................................................

.............................................................. > .............................................................. + o i

....................................... c> .......... .....................................................................

......................... st3 ............................ .. ............................................................. 3 ......................................................... ..............................................................

- ............................................................. i ............................. ............................ c 0 LJ ............................

c

- - I ............................................................. * ............................. i 'I

............................................................. i ............. 0 ......... + ................................. ................................................................

............................................................. +... ...........................................................

...................................................... .......-... ...........................................................

0 0 - 2 % c a L,

co x

1 o o l -

6- 5- 4-

3-

2- a \

E s -

* 5- - O 4-

6- CI .-

a > 3-

-gj L

61 5- 4- 3 -

2 -

I o-~: 8C 1

Q + 1 (

.......

.......

tal-i

I

- 1:

Slant range, M

-

....

-I

....

-

-

....

4 ....

.... -t

6

Figure 3.29 Peak initial velocity as a function of distance from the detonation point. Both vertical and horizontal-radial motion are represented.

50

References

1. Nancy W. Howard, "U2es Preliminary Site Characteristics Summary", DM 81 -59, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, August 4, 1981.

2. George Kronsbein, "Containment Report for U2es," Holmes & Narver, NTS:A2:81-112, December 1, 1981.

3.

4.

5.

6.

LLNL contacts for additional information: R. A. Heinle (CORTEX and SLIFER data)

Troy L. Williams, "Special Measurements Final Engineering Report AKAVI, U2es", EG&G, Energy Measurements, Las Vegas, NV, SM:81 E-92-34,13 January, 1982.

William G. Webb, "Special Measurements Physics/lnstrumentation Package for AKAVI, UZes, Revision 'A, Final", EG&G, Energy Measurements, Las Vegas, NV, SMBl E-92-35, 13 January, 1982.

Nancy W. Howard and Jeff Wagoner, "U2fe Site Characteristics Summary", DM 82-64, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, November 1, 1982.

51

Appendix A. The Paleozoic Surface in the Vicinity of U2fe as Defined by the AKAVI Seismic Experiment"

52

UOPKL 82-81

September 14, 1982

MEMORANDUM

TO: D i s t r i b u t i o n

FROM: V. E. Wheeler

SUBJECT: The Paleozoic Surface i n the V i c i n i t y o f UZfe as Defined by the AKAVI Seismic Experiment

The AKAVI explosion was used as a source t o do a rough seismic survey o f the Carpetbag Fau l t i n the v i c i n i t y of U2fe. This survey confirms the locat ion o f the f a u l t s deduced from g rav i t y data.

A deta i led descr ip t ion and the r e s u l t s of the AKAVI ground motion experiment are presented i n the AKAVI F ina l Data Report by Wheeler and Stubbs (UCID 19553).

Sunmariring the experiment, a l i n e o f 14 surface motion s ta t i ons was run t o the west o f U2es (AKAVI) passing 118 m north o f U2fe and ending 166 m south o f the exploratory hole, UEEab. The stat ions were spaced 100 m apart wi th the f i r s t s t a t i o n 900 m from U2es and the l a s t s t a t i o n a t 2200 m.

Both U2es and U2fe are located i n a 3000 m wide basin bounded on t he east by the Yucca Faul t and on the west by the Carpetbag Fault. U2es i s approximately 1000 m i n t o the basin (1000 m west o f the Yucca Fau l t ) and U2fe i s on the west s ide o f t he basin near the Carpetbag Fault. The Paleozoics are estimated t o be a t a depth o f 785 m a t UZes, dipping downward t o about 900 m t o the west and then r i s i n g t o approximately 830 m i n the v i c i n i t y o f U2fe. o v e r l a i n by several hundred metres o f alluvium; whi le t o the west o f the Carpetbag Faul t the Paleotoics are d i r e c t l y ove r la in by alluvium.

I n the basin, 300 t o 400 metres o f t u f f are

QI Lawrence Livermore b National Laboratory 53

The measured a r r i v a l times were used w i t h the geometry shown i n Fig. I t o compute a locat ion for the u p l i f t o f the Paleozoics i n the area o f U2fe. I n t h i s geometry, the Paleozoic surface i n the basin i s assumed t o be f l a t and a t a depth of 850 m. The time f o r the shock wave t o reach the Paleozoics was a r b i t r a r i l y Set a t 140 ms which reduces the e r r o r introduced by the assumption tha t the Paleozoics are assumed deeper than the estimated depth under U2es. The angle o f re f rac t i on between the t u f f and Paleozoics i s taken as 30' (Vt/Vp = 0.5). Using the ray path numbered 4 on Fig. 1, the measured depth t o Paleotoics and the measured average v e l o c i t y from the Paleozoics t o the surface i n UE2ab, and the measured a r r i v a l time a t the 2200 m s t a t i o n a Paleozoic ve loc i t y o f 5500 m/s was calculated. Using t h i s v e l o c i t y f o r the Paleozoics and the path labeled 2, a ve loc i ty of 2000 m/s from the Paleozoics t o the surface was computed f o r the overburden w i t h i n the basin.

a r r i v a l t imes are red +. The upper blue l i n e are the computed a r r i v a l t imes assuming the f l a t Paleozoic surface continues beyond the gage l i n e a t a depth o f 850 m. The lower green l i n e are the computed a r r i v a l times assuming the Paleozoic surface r i s e s t o 363 m depth between Wes and the f i r s t gage a t 900 m and then continues a t t h a t depth t o beyond the gage l i n e . This i s shown as the dashed b lue l i n e i n Fig. 1. The ray path labeled 1 was moved from s t a t i o n t o s t a t i o n and the a r r i v a l time f o r each s t a t i o n calculated. Figure 2 shows the d i r e c t wave as the f i r s t a r r i v a l ou t t o 1500 m wi th the Paleozoic re f racted wave becoming the f i r s t a r r i v a l from 1500 m on. A d e f i n i t e r i s e i n the Paleozoics has occurred a t 1700 m range and continues t o r i s e t o the end o f the gage l i ne .

I n Fig. 3 the locat ion of the Paleozoic surface was computed. us ing 5500 m/s f o r the ve loc i t y o f the Paleozoics, the ray path lebeled 3 ( red) i n Fig. 1 and two a a r a t e overburden veloci t ies. Overplotted on t h i s i s the cross section through U2fe and UEEab (shown i n blue). The upper l i n e o f red +s are the l oca t i on o f the Paleozoic surface computed us ing an overburden ve loc i ty of 1700 m/s which i s only t rue f o r the a l l a l l uv ium overburden a t the end o f the gage l i ne . The lower l i n e o f green +s are the computed locat ion using an overburden ve loc i ty o f 2000 m/s

Using the above data, Fig. 2 was constructed. The measured

54

which may be t rue f o r the t u f f s and al luvium i n the basin. The green l i n e i s thus a bet ter representation o f the Paleozoic surface where both t u f f s and al luvium form the overburden whi le the red +s b e t t e r represent the surface on top o f the scarp where only al luvium o v e r l i e s the Paleozoics.

accuracy being defined by the gage spacing o f 100 m. The depth t o the Paleozoics i s ill defined. The depth t o the Paleozoics below AKAVI i s given as 785 m - + 78 m. Changing the time .for the shock wave t o reach the Paleozoics by - + .03 seconds (the approximate t r a v e l t ime for 78 m) changes the computed Paleozoic depth by less than - + 5% a t the 1500 metre s t a t i o n and approaches - + '1% a t the 2200 metre stat ion.

A larger e r ro r resu l t s from lack o f knowledge of the overburden v e l o c i t y a t each s ta t i on (w i th the exception o f the 2200 metre station). As seen i n Fig. 3, a change i n average ve loc i t y from 1700 m/s t o 2000 m/s changes the depth o f the Paleozoics by 22%.

This data wel l defines the hor izontal l o c a t i o n o f the scarp, the

-i

I

Measured and Computed Travel Times Fig. 2

U r

M -

u - i 3 -

G1 QI U c u - 0 0

-

8 3 - ' a -

g .I

$ 8 - r4

> 4

( 0 4 -

!id- A -

d -

a -

d -

. e o & 8

I . I . . I . . I . . J m L(0 .r m an

a a

Surface Range - Metres

o -r( 0 N m

L L

3 E

58

Distribution:

F

LLNL TID (11) Test Program Library Containment Vault Burkhard, N. Cooper, W. Denny, M. Dong, R. Goldwire, H. Heinle, R. (5) Mara, G. Moran, M. T. Moss, W. Patton, H, Pawloski, G. Rambo, J. Roth, B. Valk, T. Younker, L.

LANL

APP, F. Brunish, W. Kunkle, T. Trent, B.

Sandia

Chabai, A. Smith, Carl W.

L-053 L-045 L-221 L-221 L-049 L-205 L-140 L-221 L-221 L-049 L-777 L-200 L-205 L-221 L-200 L-049 L-154 L-203

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MS-1159 MS-1159

EG & GIAVO

Brown, T. Gilmore, L. Hatch, M. Stili, G. Stubbs, T.

EG&G/NVO

Bellow, B. Davies, L. Moeller, A. Robinson, R. Webb, W.

DNA

Ristvet, B.

S-Cubed

A-5 A-1 A-5 A-5 A-5

N 13-20 N 13-20 N 13-20 N 13-20 N 13-20

Peterson, E.

Eastman Cherrington Environment 1640 Old Pecos Trail, Suite H Santa Fe, NM 87504

Keller, C.

Documents

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