Locate England on the map on page 289 The largest island in the
British Isles- and in all of Europe- is Great Britain. The island
of Great Britain is made up of three independent countries:
England, Scotland and Wales Together, with Northern Island, makes
up Great Britain.
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Made up of three different areas: Highlands Midlands Lowlands A
short distance to the south east are the Midlands. Here lie the
thick veins of coal that fueled the countrys Industrial
Revolution.
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Highest populations of England are in the Midlands. To the
south and east are the lowlands Lowlands tend to be fertile--- what
does this mean?
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The lowlands provide England with some of its most productive
farms. Farmers grow: wheat, vegetables, and other similar crops.
Also, this area is great for sheep, dairy and beef cattle.
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Europe always had a surplus of goods. This lead to cities being
developed along rivers and coast. London became the most popular
city--- Why???
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London is located on the Thames River. The location always
ships to sail right up to the ports of London.
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The port of London grew rapidly in the 1500s because of changes
in the patterns of world settlement and trade. London became what
is it today due to the location.
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In the 1500s, Britain shipped a lot of its products across the
world fueling the Industrial Revolution. Became known as the
workshop of the world
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Earliest technological advances were used in to produce
textiles or cloth. Also had a lot of iron ore which made some
cities triple in size. Also was the leading producer of coal. This
helped England but at what cost?
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In the late 1800s, Britains power was challenged by two new
forces: Germany and the USA. Now, Britain turned to its oil supply
under the North Sea as a source of fuel.
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Tertiary Economic Activities: service industry Examples:
finance, insurance, and tourism. Europe is growing and its economy
is doing very well.
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2. Describe the three different physical areas of the English
landscape. 3. What geographic factors affected Londons level of
development? 4. A. What impact did technological innovations have
on the British economy? B. What impact did they have on Britains
physical landscape? 5. A. What was the effect of the Industrial
Revolution on Britains coal supply? B. How has the British economy
recovered from the loss?
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Scotland occupies nearly one third of the land area in the
United Kingdom, but only has less than 10% of the population
Landscape is rugged
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The highland region is a large, high plateau with many lakes,
called lochs, which were carved by retreating glaciers Moors?
Bogs?--- This area has the best climate for fishing and sheep
herding.
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South of the highlands runs a long lowland region. 75% of
people live in this region. However, due to economic hardships this
area had a lot of people leave.
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Closest to the English border Primarily sheep- raising region
Produces a lot of wool
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New industry are slowly taking the place of mining, steel
making, and shipbuilding. Today, Scotland drills for oil in the
North Sea Glen---??? Maintains its own culture Give me examples on
how they did this?
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It is very different from England. Has its own -capital
-postage stamps -flag -language
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Wales is a peninsula of Great Britain About the size of
Massachusetts Has a marine west coast climate Usually receives more
rain than England
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Some Welsh have sat on English Parliament however they are
seeking cultural independence. The key to preserve Welsh culture is
language 2.9 Million people speak English 20% still speak
Welsh
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Very similar to the economic history of England and Scotland
Capital city: Cardiff In the early 1900s, Wales fell really behind
in technology -In the 1980s, people lost their jobs and quit school
In the 1990s, it began to improve slightly
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2. What are the major physical characteristics of Scotland?
3.A.In what ways has Scotland preserved its cultural heritage? B.
How have the Welsh maintained their cultural identity? 4. What role
has technology played in the economic changes that have occurred in
Wales between the late 1800s and today? 5. Analyze the survival of
the Welsh language in modern Welsh society. What does it say about
Welsh societys view of cultural change?
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Hills ring most of the coastline The middle of the Island is a
plain that drains into River Shannon -Has a marine west coast
climate that keeps the island very green. 1/6 of the island is
covered in peat (a spongy material containing waterlogged mosses
and plants)
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Celtic tribes from Europe first settled Ireland around 300 b.c.
Repeatedly defended off the Vikings In 1066, Norman invaders
invaded England and tried to take over the Irish Banned marriages
between Normans and Irish Banned Celtic language (Gaelic) Outlawed
Celtic music
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Up to the 1500s, Roman Catholics ruled most of Europe until the
Reformation. Where Protestant religion was introduced. Most of the
Irish remain Catholic while most of the English switch to
Protestant. The division led to bitter conflicts between Irish
Catholics and landlords sent from England.
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The Protestant minority controlled most of the wealth while the
Irish Catholics were very poor. Led to Cultural Divergence:
deliberate efforts to keep the cultures separated. The Potato
Famine hit Ireland in the 1840s. A blight, or plant disease,
destroyed the potato crops year after year.
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Rebellions between 1916-1921 led officials in the United
Kingdom and Ireland to divide the island into 2 parts. The 6
northeastern counties remained part of Great Britain, the rest were
independent. Became officially independent in 1949, but did not end
conflict.
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A little over half of Northern Irelands people are Protestant,
the rest are Catholic. Both sides remain quite violent in trying to
get control over Northern Ireland.
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In the 1990s, The Irish government tried to improve several
parts of their society including: Education Telecommunication Was
very successful! -Per capita increased -unemployment fell to 3.8%
-increased immigration In 1990, Ireland adopted the Euro.
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2. Why is Ireland called the Emerald Island? 3. Describe the
geographic processes that led to the formation of two political
units in Ireland. 4. How has the government of Ireland tried to
improve the economy? 5.a. Determine whether or not the following is
a fact or opinion: Protestants and Catholics in Northern Ireland
both feel threatened by the past and are reluctant to negotiate. B.
Do you agree or disagree with this statement? Explain.
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It is identified because its North A collection of peninsulas
an islands separated by seas, gulfs, and oceans. Varies drastically
among nations
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Much of the landscape on the Scandinavian Peninsula is the
product of the last ice age. 1000s of lakes are located in this
region. Soil is very rocky and hard to farm.
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When the glaciers melted, water filled the valleys, creating
flooded glacial valleys known as fjords (FEE YAWRDZ) Some of the
fjords are so deep boats can sail on them in order to go to the
ocean.
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In Iceland, volcanoes and glaciers exist side by side. Allows
them to produce geothermal energy: or energy produced from the heat
of the earths interior.
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At midwinter, the sun may shine only 2 or 3 hours a day. In
midsummer, it shines more than 20 hours a day. Can see the northern
lights from this area of the world
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Climate is surprisingly mild Mild marine west coast climate due
to the warm currents of the North Atlantic Drift Coldest area is
east of a mountain chain that runs northeast to southwest
Norway.
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The Vikings were originally from this area of the world. The
five countries were briefly united under Queen Margrethe of Denmark
in 1397. The union ended in 1523 when Sweden withdrew. Most Nordic
people belong to the Lutheran Church. All have a language with
similar roots and all understand English.
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All five nations are democracy All have mixed economies---what
are mixed economies? Some of the countries such as Denmark and
Sweden have state- run day-care centers and state-supported
medicare Usually neutral in foreign affairs.
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Have sound economies Denmark and Southern Sweden have flat land
and a mild climate Denmark uses 60% of its land for farming
Norwegians use fishing techniques. This region also benefits from
oil and gas.
