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Manorialism
Reached its complete form in the HMA
A medieval manor was a unit of land consisting of one or more villages that was governed by a noble, who was called a lord
an estate held by a lord, comprised of a demesne directly exploited by the lord, and peasant holdings from which he collected rents and fees
Manorial Governance
Lord
Steward APPOINTED
Bailiff
• Reeve ELECTED
• Other Manorial Officials • Aletaster, hayward, woodward etc
Status of Peasants
ECONOMIC
• Virgater
• Half-virgater
• cotters
LEGAL
• Freeman• Only taxes and possibly boonwork
• Half-villein• Taxes and some week and boon work
• Villein (serf)• Taxes, boonwork and weekwork
A Typical Manorial Village
Groups of tofts and crofts
Fields in outlying area
Fields divided intro strips
Three field system
Demesne= lord’s land
Pastureland
Woodland
Manor house
church
Some Dues Owed to Lord
Heriot (death tax)
Merchet (marriage tax)
Multure (tax to grind wheat into flour)
Pannage (tax to allow pigs in forest)
Occasionally special items at certain times of the year ie; eggs at Easter
Some Dues Owed to Priest
Plough-alms: tax on each plough team due at Easter
Soul-Scot: tax for funeral mass
Church-scot: paid by freemen at Martinmas
Tithes
(Glebe)
Why on Earth?
Manorial relationship generally not exploitative, rather symbiotic Protection/safety for a fee
Peasants elected those officials who had the most influence on their lives
Peasants had recourse to tradition