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MITOSIS
WHAT IS IT?
Mitosis is the division of the nucleus, resulting in the formation of ____________.
Mitosis is the division of the nucleus, resulting in the formation of 2 new cells.
Mitosis is the division of the nucleus, resulting in the formation of 2 new cells.
The genetic material inside the nucleus is copied and two identical cells are produced.
Mitosis is the division of the nucleus, resulting in the formation of 2 new cells.
The genetic material inside the nucleus is copied and two identical cells are produced.
The genetic material is _______, which stands for _____________________.
Mitosis is the division of the nucleus, resulting in the formation of 2 new cells.
The genetic material inside the nucleus is copied and two identical cells are produced.
The genetic material is DNA, which stands for DeoxyriboNucleic Acid.
DNA
DNA CAN BE IN TWO FORMS:
CHROMATIN CHROMOSOMES
CHROMATINChromatin is ______________ DNA.
CHROMATINChromatin is uncondensed DNA.
DNA is in the form of chromatin at all times, except when the cell undergoes division.
CHROMOSOMESChromosomes are _____________ DNA.
CHROMOSOMESChromosomes are condensed DNA.
They form X shapes found only during cell division.
MITOSIS OCCURS FOR SEVERAL REASONS
As a cell grows, its ________ becomes too ____ to effectively transport materials around the cell.
MITOSIS OCCURS FOR SEVERAL REASONS
As a cell grows, its volume becomes too big to effectively transport materials around the cell.
MITOSIS OCCURS FOR SEVERAL REASONS
As a cell grows, its volume becomes too big to effectively transport materials around the cell.
In order for an organism to _________ it must make more cells.
MITOSIS OCCURS FOR SEVERAL REASONS
As a cell grows, its volume becomes too big to effectively transport materials around the cell.
In order for an organism to grow it must make more cells.
MITOSIS OCCURS FOR SEVERAL REASONS
As a cell grows, its volume becomes too big to effectively transport materials around the cell.
In order for an organism to grow it must make more cells.
New cells must be made as an organism grows to ______ and ________ tissue.
MITOSIS OCCURS FOR SEVERAL REASONS
As a cell grows, its volume becomes too big to effectively transport materials around the cell.
In order for an organism to grow it must make more cells.
New cells must be made as an organism grows to heal and repair tissue.
THE CELL CYCLE
THE CELL CYCLE
The Cell Cycle is a series of events that takes place in the cell, leading to its _________ and _________.
THE CELL CYCLE
The Cell Cycle is a series of events that takes place in the cell, leading to its division and duplication.
THE CELL CYCLE
The Cell Cycle is a series of events that takes place in the cell, leading to its division and duplication.
The cell cycle consists of four distinct phases: _______, ________, _________, ________. (G1) (S) (G2) (M)
THE CELL CYCLE
The Cell Cycle is a series of events that takes place in the cell, leading to its division and duplication.
The cell cycle consists of four distinct phases: Gap 1, Synthesis, Gap 2, Mitosis. (G1) (S) (G2) (M)
Gap 1, Synthesis, and Gap 2 are collectively called ____________.
Gap 1, Synthesis, and Gap 2 are collectively called Interphase.
During Gap 1, the cell ________.
During Gap 1, the cell grows.
During Gap 1, the cell grows.
During Synthesis, the DNA is ________.
During Gap 1, the cell grows.
During Synthesis, the DNA is copied.
During Gap 1, the cell grows.
During Synthesis, the DNA is copied.
During Gap 2, the cell continues to grow and _______________________.
During Gap 1, the cell grows.
During Synthesis, the DNA is copied.
During Gap 2, the cell continues to grow and prepare for cell division.
During Gap 1, the cell grows.
During Synthesis, the DNA is copied.
During Gap 2, the cell continues to grow and prepare for cell division.
There are protein checkpoints, or __________ ____________, that monitor the process of the cell cycle called __________.
During Gap 1, the cell grows.
During Synthesis, the DNA is copied.
During Gap 2, the cell continues to grow and prepare for cell division.
There are protein checkpoints, or regulatory molecules, that monitor the process of the cell cycle called cyclins.
MITOSIS IS DIVIDED INTO 4 STAGES
1ST PHASE: PROPHASEIt is one of the longest phases. In this phase:
The _________ and ________ dissolves.
1ST PHASE: PROPHASEIt is one of the longest phases. In this phase:
The nuclear envelope and nucleolus dissolves.
1ST PHASE: PROPHASEIt is one of the longest phases. In this phase:
The nuclear envelope and nucleolus dissolves.
The DNA (chromatin) starts to _________ into __________.
1ST PHASE: PROPHASEIt is one of the longest phases. In this phase:
The nuclear envelope and nucleolus dissolves.
The DNA (chromatin) starts to _________ into __________.
1ST PHASE: PROPHASEIt is one of the longest phases. In this phase:
The nuclear envelope and nucleolus dissolves.
The DNA (chromatin) starts to condense into chromosomes.
1ST PHASE: PROPHASEIt is one of the longest phases. In this phase:
The nuclear envelope and nucleolus dissolves.
The DNA (chromatin) starts to condense into chromosomes.
_________ replicate and move to opposite sides of the cell (the poles).
1ST PHASE: PROPHASEIt is one of the longest phases. In this phase:
The nuclear envelope and nucleolus dissolves.
The DNA (chromatin) starts to condense into chromosomes.
Centrioles replicate and move to opposite sides of the cell (the poles).
_______ _______ start to form from the centrioles and grow toward the chromosomes, eventually connecting to the chromosome.
1ST PHASE: PROPHASEIt is one of the longest phases. In this phase:
The nuclear envelope and nucleolus dissolves.
The DNA (chromatin) starts to condense into chromosomes.
Centrioles replicate and move to opposite sides of the cell (the poles).
Spindle fibers start to form from the centrioles and grow toward the chromosomes, eventually connecting to the chromosome.
PROPHASE
PROPHASE
chromosome
PROPHASE
chromosome
centriole
PROPHASE
chromosome
centriole
Spindle fiber
PROPHASE
chromosome
centriole
Spindle fiber
Nuclear envelope
2ND PHASE: METAPHASE
In this stage, the chromosomes are moved by the spindle fibers toward the middle of the cell, also called the _______.
2ND PHASE: METAPHASE
In this stage, the chromosomes are moved by the spindle fibers toward the middle of the cell, also called the equator.
3RD PHASE: ANAPHASE
In this phase, the chromosomes are separated into ________ ________, which get pulled to the poles.
3RD PHASE: ANAPHASE
In this phase, the chromosomes are separated into sister chromatids which get pulled to the poles.
4TH PHASE: TELOPHASEIn this phase, the cell is returning to normal, the opposite of prophase.
4TH PHASE: TELOPHASEIn this phase, the cell is returning to normal, the opposite of prophase.
The nuclear membrane reforms. The DNA uncondenses to form
chromatin. The spindle fibers disappear. The nucleolus reforms. There are two nuclei in one cell. The cell membrane begins to pinch in.
CYTOKINESISAfter mitosis is completed, the cell completely pinches into two identical cells in the process called cytokinesis. Each cell is now in Gap 1.
The whole process can take from 20 minutes (bacteria) to 24 hours (mammal cells).
Some cells divide constantly (skin and bone marrow blood), others never reproduce (nervous system).
Cells can divide uncontrollably (cancer).
