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© N. Ganesan, All rights
reserved.
CHAPTER CHAPTER
An Overview of An Overview of Internet and Its Internet and Its
ApplicationsApplications
© N. Ganesan, All rights
reserved.
Chapter Objectives
• Define the different architectures of the Internet
• Highlight some of the communication applications on the Internet
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reserved.
Chapter Modules
• Internet, Intranet and Extranet• Messaging• E-Commerce• Voice Over IP and Internet
Telephony
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reserved.
Chapter Modules (Continued)
• Virtual Private Network (VPN)• WAN and Access Technologies• Audio and Video Streaming• Video Conferencing
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reserved.
Web Research• Audio and Video streaming
– www.calstatele.edu/ats/real– www.microsoft.com
• Extranet• e-server in a box
– Internet appliance
• VPN– www.cisco.com– www.lucent.com
• Overcoming latency in TCP/IP
MODULE
Internet Architectures
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Architectures
• Internet– The global
• Intranet– An Internet restricted to the
company’s own perimeter• Extranet
– Intranet extended to include outside organizations dealing with a particular organization
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InternetServiceProvider
(ISP)
Internet Defined
Internet Backbone run by major carriers
IndividualsSOHOUser
CompanyNetwork
InternetServiceProvider
(ISP)
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Fire Wall
Intranet Defined
Internal Company Backbone
Mini or MainframeComputer systems
DepartmentalComputerSystem
DepartmentalLAN
Internet
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Internet
Extranet Defined
Company’s Intranet
Business Associates
Other businessesdealing withcompany A.
Virtual Private Network (VPN)
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END OF MODULEEND OF MODULE
MODULE
Email and Messaging
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• Messages exchanged among Internet subscribers
• Vary from a simple text based messages to one that carries different attachments– Word, PowerPoint documents– Any computer file– Video and audio clippings etc.
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Messaging
• Email expanded to include a number of other functions and services
• Document sharing and collaboration • Whiteboard applications• Scheduling of group activities• Etc.
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Collaboration and Sharing
Internet
User 1
User 2
Documentfor
Sharing orCollaboration
Sharing: Both users can see the document but only one can make changes
Collaboration: Both users can see and also make changes to the document
NetMeeting
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Implementation Of Messaging
Server
Client 1 Client 2
Lotus Domino server, Microsoft Exchange Server
Internet
Internet serviceProvider
WWW Services
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Major Messaging Products
• Microsoft Exchange Server– Outlook and Outlook Express Clients
• Lotus Domino Server– cc:Mail– Lotus Notes (Client)
• Netscape ???
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END OF MODULEEND OF MODULE
MODULE
E-Commerce
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Web Research
• e-server in a box– IBM’s web site
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END OF MODULEEND OF MODULE
MODULE
Voice Over IP and Internet Telephony
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Voice Over IP and Internet Telephony Defined
• The use of the internet to transmit voice in real-time– Transmission of digitized voice using
the Internet Protocol
• Internet Telephony is an example– Usage of the Internet to transmit
telephone calls
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Internet Telephony Defined
• Using the Internet (TCP/IP) for largely the telephone related applications– Termination of voice traffic
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Voice over IP Prospects and Challenges• Voice transmission over the Internet
has been identified as one of the largest growth areas– Companies will in the future use the
Internet extensively for voice communications
• Current IP is not well suited for voice transmission– Latency being the biggest drawback
• Bandwidth restrictions also hamper voice transmission
• IP is being improved to carry voice
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Internet Telephony• A growing market • Further information
– http://www.internettelephony.com/
• Current Products (???)– Net meeting (Microsoft)– ICQ– Cooltalk (Netscape) etc.
• Long-term focus is on regularly using the Internet as a viable alternative to the Plain Old Telephone Service (POTS)
• H.323 is the prominent standard for Internet telephony
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Sample Telephony Applications
Source: Vocaltech• Computer-to-Computer Calling • Computer-to-Phone Calling:
– Requires ITSP service in addition to regular ISP service
– www.dialpad.com
• Phone-to-phone– Using TCP/IP
• Live Motion Video– Video Conferencing
• Whiteboarding: – Share and edit photos, documents and drawings with
others in real time.
• Voice Mail: – Record compressed voice files and sending them as
attachments.
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END OF MODULEEND OF MODULE
MODULE
Virtual Private Networks (VPN)
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VPN Defined
• A private network that uses the public network infrastructure
• A secured web of tunnels that links various nodes to form the Virtual Private Network
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Virtual Private Network
Public
VPN
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VPN Implementation
Internet
Company’s Intranet
Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol
(PPTP)Fire Wall
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VPN Past and Present
• Past– Based on PSTN (Public Switched
Telephone Network)
• Present– Based on next generation public
network technologies
Source: VPNWorx, VPN Quick Reference Guide
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Base Technologies for VPN
• Carrier IP• PPTP• Frame Relay• ATM
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Areas of Applications
• All major business organizations that require a secured Extranet
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END OF MODULEEND OF MODULE
MODULE
WAN and Access Technologies
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WAN Scope
• Enterprise-wide• Metropolitan and National• Global• Underlying network infrastructure
for the Internet• Fastest growing network
– Growth is appreciable in the area of Virtual Private Network
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The Early Days of Communications and
Computing • Telecommunication
– Centered on analog technology
• Data communication needs– Centered around digital technology
• Digital to analog interface– For long distance communications
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Long-distance Communications
Digital Digital
Modulation
Plain Old Telephone Service (POTS)
Analog
Interface
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Initial WANs
• Introduced to overcome the limitations of general purpose analog telephone lines used– Better conditioned lines such as leased lines were
used
• Driven by a collection of computers for routing the data traffic from source to destination
• Arpanet was the first WAN to be created• X.25 was the initial communication
technology used– X.21 was used in Europe
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Basic Components of the WAN
Leased lines
Computers/Routing algorithms
Routing devices
X.25 Driven
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Present Status of WANs
• Information is carried in digitized form in many segments of the WAN
• Digital communication lines– Over copper wire– Over fiber-optics
• Telecommunications and computer communications are merging in terms of deploying digital technology
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WANs: Present and Future
• Move towards digital technology• Technologies
– Frame Relay– ATM
• Point-to-point digital communication will become widely used in the future
• The WAN of the future will be designed to meet with the increasing bandwidth demands of the Internet– Internet2
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ATM operating at severalhundred Mbps
Internet2: The WAN of the Future
Ramp
BusinessComputer System
ATM Switches
High speed digital lines
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Possible Convergence Digital Technology
• Networks– Local– Enterprise– Wide area– Global
ATM
Point-to-point ATM connection is possible probably under a single technology
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ATM Promise
Server
Client 1 Client 2
25 Mbps
ISP100 Mbps
Internet Backbone
1 Gbps
300 Mbps
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Challeng Posed by Gigabit Ethernet to ATM
1 Gbps(Gigabit)
100 Mbps(Fast)
10 Mbps
1 Mbps(Past)
Ethernet EvolutionClient 2
10 Mbps/100 Mbps/
1 GbpsServerISP
Client 1
Hub
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Wide Area Network Technologies
WANTechnologies:
X.25 (old)FDDI
Frame RelayATM
LosAngeles
Seattle New York
Florida
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Front-end Access Technologies
• ISDN• xDSL • Cable modem• Direct satellite access
• ADSL is an example of xDSL
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Access Speeds
• Fastest speed of an analog modem is around 56K bps
• Newer technologies operate at faster speeds
• Newer technologies have made a significant contribution in increasing the speed of communication
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Digital Internet Technologies Summarized
FDDIFrame Relay
ATM
Cable
Mod
em
Direct
Satell
ite A
cces
s
xDSL
ISDN
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END OF MODULEEND OF MODULE
MODULE
Audio and Video Streaming
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Audio and Video Streaming
• Deliver continuous audio and video streams over a low bandwidth connection
• Packet switching networks do no guarantee real-time and continuous delivery of data packets
• Streaming involves compression and decompression (CODEC)
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Application Areas
• Dissemination of multimedia information on the web
• Training and education• Etc.
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Streaming Examples
Streaming Software
Audio (wav)Video (AVI)
Real FormatRM, RMA, RT,
RP etc.
Windows FormatASF etc.
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Hosting of Streamed Media
Streaming Server(Real Server orWindows Media
Server)
Internet
Streaming at 28.8, 56, 128 etc. Kbps
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Method of Delivery
• Unicasting• Multicasting• Broadcasting
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Major Streaming Technologies
• Real• Microsoft Windows Media
Technologies
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END OF MODULEEND OF MODULE
MODULE
Video Conferencing
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Video Conferencing
• The exchanging of audio and video information while engaged in conferencing
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Major Types of Video Conferencing
• Dedicated video conferencing– Telecommunication lines are used
solely for the purpose of setting up a video conferencing facility
• Desktop video conferencing– Video conferencing conducted from a
computer connected to the Internet
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Video Conferencing Standard
• H.232 Series of standards
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Sample Desktop Video Conferencing Products
• CU-SeeMee• Intel ProShare• Microsoft NetMeeting• PictureTel
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END OF MODULEEND OF MODULE
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Keywords
• Intranet, Extranet, Internet• VPN, PPTP• Real Media and Windows Media• Network appliance and Internet
Appliance• Sharing, Collaboration • Messaging Server and Messaging
Client
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Keywords
• SMTP, POP3, IMAP• VoIP, H.323, IPv6• X.25, ATM, Frame Relay, FDDI• T1, T3, OC1, OC2 • ISDN, xDSL, Cable Modem, Satellite• Unicasting, Multicasting and
Broadcasting
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Microcomputer-based Distributed Architecture
Fiber Optic Backbone(FDDI)
Mainframe/Minicomputer
Systems
Bus LAN
RingLAN
WAN Gateway(TCP/IP)
ModemGateway
External Digital/Analog Lines
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END OF MODULEEND OF MODULE
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Microcomputers
• Widespread usage– Serious business computer
• Dramatic increase in power– Comparable to mainframes of the past
• Declining cost– Affordable to use in all levels of business
• Communication device– Access services and resources on the
Internet
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Connectivity
• Computers are increasingly being viewed as resources in a network and not simply as stand-alone units any more
• LANs, Departmental networks, Enterprise networks, WANs etc. are deployed widely in business
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Downsizing: Path of Evolution
CentralizedMainframe
DistributedNetwork
Client-ServerArchitecture
Thin-clientconcept
More power to the user
Better management of shared dataReduced cost of ownership
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Client-Server Computing Architecture
• Centralized data– Control and management
• Distributed processing– Processing using client-tools
• Mainframe advantage• Microcomputer flexibility
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Preview of Client-Server Computing
Back-end data storage and retrieval.
Front-end interface and data manipulation tools.
Server
Clients
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A Preview of Thin-Client Concept
Powerful Server
Thin Clients
Limited front-end processing and storage
Extensive back-end data storage, retrieval and
Processing
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Digitization Of Telecom Network
• Mode (ATM)
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Front-end Access Technologies
• ISDN• xDSL • Cable modem• Direct satellite access
• ADSL is an example of xDSL
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Access Speeds
• Fastest speed of an analog modem is around 56K bps
• Newer technologies operate at faster speeds– In the Mbps region
• Newer technologies have made a significant contribution in increasing the speed of communication
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Summary of Digital Technologies in
Telecommunications
FDDIFrame Relay
ATM
Cable
Mod
em
Direct
Satell
ite A
cces
s
xDSL
ISDN
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END OF MODULEEND OF MODULE
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Internet Access
Gain access to the resources on the WWW.
Software: Web Browser
Micro Modem
Serial Port
Internet
Access provider
ISP
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General Access
PublicSwitched
Network (PSN)
Gain access to a company’smainframe to run Unix applications
Software: ProComm Plus, Hyper Terminal
Micro Modem
Serial Port
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Telecommuting
PSNMain Office
SatelliteOffice
Home
ProComm PLUS
ProComm PLUS
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Typical LAN
Client 1 Client 2 Client 3
Server:Network OS,Applications,
Data etc.
Windows NT server Operating System
Client OS/ Windows 9x
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EDI Defined
Vendor(Supplier) Automate the
Purchase/Supply process
Retail(Purchaser)
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EDI Example
Vendor RetailerElectronic procurement with minimum human intervention
Purchase Order
Invoice etc.
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Distributed Data Processing
Data/server Data/server
Query
Data/server
Oracle DistributedDBMS
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Transparency in the Search Process
Data/server Data/server
Query
Data/server
Oracle DistributedDBMS
1 32
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END OF MODULEEND OF MODULE
END OF CHAPTEREND OF CHAPTER
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END OF MODULEEND OF MODULE
END OF CHAPTEREND OF CHAPTER